100 Articles
Mahani Bte Mokhtar, Zhu Yanxi
Sino-foreign cooperative programs, both in China and internationally, represent a significant strategy for the internationalization of higher education. Nonetheless, cross-border learners have numerous learning issues, and their practical experience is remain underexplored that needs to be studied deeper. This research paper will seek to probe into the learning challenges of the students on cooperative programs in detail. A qualitative research design was employed to interview 24 cooperative student participants in semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis approach as suggested by Braun and Clarke was used to code and analyze the data. Using the thematic approach, three central themes were identified: (1) The "dual gate" of academic adjustment: Students experience a combination of problems, which is both a feature of surface challenges and deep discontinuities; (2) The "breakdown band" of project support: The project is characterized by the structural failures, creating a feature of discontinuities both on the surface and in depth; (3) The suspension of value expectations: Students remain unaware of how the cumulative lack of systematic support and difficulties in individual adaptation collectively contribute to the learning problems they experience in cooperative educational programs. It is suggested to establish an academic transition course, frequent guidance, and value communication channel so as to assist students to get through the confusion in the transitional stage.
M. Mogana, V. Gnanasowndharya
Introduction: Children grow, develop, and learn throughout their lives, starting at birth. School children plays, learns, speaks, and acts offers important clues about his or her development. Nurse can help child's development by providing a safe and loving home. The most common issues among the school children is eating of junk foods. The most common and frequent ill effects of junk foods on health is obesity, memory loss, and poor concentrations. The common cause of intake of junk food is the advertisement, taste and colorful appearance. Statement Of the Problem: A study to assess the knowledge on ill effects of junk foods among students at selected school in Puducherry. Objectives Of The Study: • To assess the level of knowledge regarding junk foods among students(11-13 years) in a selected school. • To determine the harmful effects of junk foods among students(11-13 years) • To associate the effectiveness of knowledge score among the students (11-13years) with their selected demographicvariables. Research Methodology:The design adopted was non experimental research design. The population of the study is eighth standard school students. The study sample was school children of age group 11-13 years. The period of data collection was one week. Totally 30 school students in a selected school was selected by convenient sampling technique. The data was gathered and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical method and interpretations were made on the basis of the objectives of the study. Result: 1) By using frequency and percentage wise distribution of knowledge regarding ill effects of junk foods on health among school children reveals that out of 30 students, 2(6.7%) have inadequate knowledge, 28(93.3%) have moderate knowledge and 0(0%) have adequate knowledge. 2) The findings reveal that their mean and standard deviation values are 14.6 and 2.66 respectively. 3) By using association of knowledge regarding ill effects of junk food on health among school children with their selected demographic variables shows that statistically significant association with religion, junk food as breakfast, check nutritive value, aware of chemical present and amount spent for junk food per week. There was no association between demographic variables such as age of the child, gender, reason for junk food consumption, favorite junk food and frequency of junk food per week. Recommendations Based on findings of the present study, the following recommendations have been made, • A study could be conducted with larger size. • A similar study could be performed for a longer duration. • This study could also be conducted as a comparative study using post experimental test. • The study can be done as a quasi-experimental design.
Amygail P. Quilang
This study aimed to examine the experiences, competency levels, pedagogical skills, and challenges of MAPEH teachers in teaching performing arts in the San Guillermo District, Division of Isabela during the School Year 2025–2026. Specifically, it sought to determine the respondents’ profile, their experiences in performing arts, level of competency, pedagogical competencies, and the problems they encountered in teaching performing arts. The study utilized the descriptive research method, employing a structured questionnaire to gather data from twenty (20) MAPEH teachers. Findings revealed that most respondents were within the age range of 20–39 years old, predominantly female, and mostly holding Teacher III positions, with the majority having completed a bachelor’s degree and some units in graduate studies. In terms of experiences, the respondents actively participated in various performing arts activities such as dance, music, and theater at different levels, primarily at the school level, with some reaching district, provincial, and higher levels. The results further showed that the respondents perceived themselves as competent in teaching performing arts, with an overall weighted mean interpreted as “Agree,” while specific competencies such as appreciation of performing arts were rated as “Strongly Agree.” Similarly, their pedagogical competencies were rated as “Agree,” indicating that teachers demonstrate effective teaching strategies, such as encouraging student participation and relating lessons to cultural contexts. However, despite these positive findings, the study identified significant challenges, particularly the lack of facilities, equipment, and instructional materials, as well as difficulties related to students’ slow learning pace in performing arts. Moreover, the respondents strongly agreed on the need for interventions, such as providing venues for showcasing talents and creating collaborative opportunities among teachers to share best practices. These findings imply that while teachers possess the necessary competencies and experiences, the effectiveness of teaching performing arts is largely influenced by the availability of resources and institutional support. In conclusion, the study highlights that MAPEH teachers in the San Guillermo District are generally competent and experienced in teaching performing arts; however, addressing resource-related challenges and strengthening support systems are essential to further enhance the quality of instruction and student learning outcomes.
Aradhya Gupta, Farheen Siddiqui, Satyam Patel
This paper presents a modern, full-stack web-based architecture for real-time Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite tracking and visualization. Traditional desktop-based satellite tracking software suffers from limited accessibility, poor cross-platform compatibility, and high computational overhead. To address these limitations, we propose a comprehensive system integrating FastAPI for backend processing, React for frontend development, and CesiumJS for 3D orbital visualization. The system leverages Two-Line Element (TLE) datasets from Celestrak to perform precise orbital mechanics calculations, converting satellite position data into geographic coordinates accessible through a responsive web interface. Performance evaluation demonstrates real-time tracking capabilities with sub-200ms latency, supporting visualization of 100+ simultaneous satellites with stable frame rates. The proposed architecture achieves a 77% latency improvement over traditional approaches through asynchronous processing and intelligent caching strategies [1]. This work contributes a scalable, low-latency solution for space situational awareness, amateur radio coordination, and space debris monitoring accessible to researchers and enthusiasts worldwide.
Kawu Ahidjo Abdulkadiri, Oderinde Gbadebo Afeez, Sanni Adijat Tope
Background: Nigeria’s deregulated economy, initiated in 2023 through fuel subsidy removal and exchange rate unification, has fundamentally altered the fiscal environment with significant implications for healthcare financing. This study develops a mathematical model to quantify the relationship between deregulation‑induced macroeconomic changes and healthcare funding outcomes. Methods: A system dynamics model incorporating macroeconomic and fiscal variables was constructed using ordinary differential equations. The model integrates oil revenue, non‑oil revenue, exchange rate, inflation, fiscal deficit, and healthcare allocation. Data from 2020–2025 were used for parameter estimation. Sensitivity analysis and scenario modeling assessed policy impacts. Results: The model reveals a structural break in healthcare funding dynamics post‑deregulation. The derived equation H = αR_total + βΔER + γπ + δFD demonstrates that a 10% naira depreciation reduces real healthcare spending by 6.2% (p<0.001). Under moderate shock scenarios, projected healthcare funding shortfalls range from ₦380–620 billion annually. The model identifies an optimal fiscal rule: allocating 15% of oil windfall revenues to a Health Stabilization Fund would reduce funding volatility by 42% (95% CI: 35–49%). Sensitivity analysis shows health outcomes are most responsive to primary healthcare funding (elasticity 0.68) compared to tertiary care (0.31). The post‑deregulation coefficient for health share of oil revenue decreased from 0.038 to 0.032 (p=0.02), reflecting competing expenditure priorities. Conclusion: Mathematical modeling demonstrates that deregulation creates competing fiscal pressures on healthcare funding through exchange rate effects, inflationary erosion, and competing expenditure priorities. The findings support establishment of a Health Stabilization Fund linked to oil windfall revenues and constitutional guarantees for primary healthcare funding.
Jesus Q. Delos Santos III, EdD, Vivian L. Dedace, EdD
This study focused on the retirement experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of retired educators. Purposely chosen ten participants- 5 retired principals and 5 retired teachers, from Quezon Province, were involved in the study, who shared their stories using semi-structured life-story interviews. This qualitative narrative inquiry, grounded in design and narrative thematic analysis, presents findings that depict retirement as a multidimensional transition characterized by mixed emotions, including relief, loneliness, and uncertainty. Retired educators engaged in community service, religious activities, mentoring, and part-time jobs to find new purpose while experiencing the loss of professional roles and rebuilding their identities. Some faced financial challenges, tried new livelihoods, and relied on family support to maintain economic stability and plan and manage resources amid various issues. They also enhanced resilience and a sense of belonging through social groups, especially peers, family, and church. This study highlights the importance of proactive retirement planning across all aspects of life. It is recommended that a narrative-based training manual be created to assist teachers in their planning for a meaningful life after retirement.
Chavez, Felix Jr. C, Doan, Ngoc Dan
This study examined the relationships among teaching strategies, learning styles, motivation and attitudes of students toward mathematics. Using a quantitative research design, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to determine the levels of these variables and develop a structural model explaining their interrelationships. It was conducted among 380 grade 11 students from selected private senior high school institutions in Region XI, Philippines. Descriptive statistics revealed that teaching strategies were practiced at a high level, with teacher-centered strategies more prevalent than student-centered approaches. Learning styles were also rated as high, with visual style being the most preferred, followed by kinesthetic and auditory styles. Students’ motivation in learning mathematics was rated as moderate, with intrinsic value, self-regulation, and utility value rated high, while self-efficacy was moderate and test anxiety remained a concern. Students’ attitudes toward mathematics were also moderate, implying that although they generally value mathematics and exert effort in learning it, limited confidence and test anxiety may hinder stronger positive attitudes. Correlation analysis showed that teaching strategies and motivation had positive correlation with students’ attitudes toward mathematics, while learning styles showed a negative relationship, suggesting that different learning styles may influence students’ attitudes toward mathematics differently, depending on how they engage and perceive mathematical information. Moreover, the best-fit model demonstrated that motivation plays a dominant role in forming students’ attitude toward mathematics, followed by learning styles. On the other hand, teaching strategies can indirectly influence student’s attitudes by fostering motivation and learning styles.
Hua Rong, Pavani Malaa Meganathan
In recent years, the need to enhance the quality of vocational education in China has intensified, particularly in the training of preschool teacher trainees. As a critical component of pre-service teacher training, the quality of educational internships directly impacts trainees’ teaching performance. This study conducts a systematic literature review to examine the effects of the Orff and Dalcroze music pedagogical approaches on the teaching performance of preschool teacher trainees in vocational colleges. Relevant domestic and international studies published between 2010 and 2025 were analysed using thematic synthesis. The findings indicate that both approaches significantly enhance trainees’ instructional competence, particularly in promoting classroom interactivity, improving the ability to engage and guide young learners, and fostering creativity and adaptability in lesson design. However, implementation differences exist; the Orff approach is easier to master initially due to its structured framework and tool support, while the Dalcroze method demands higher musical literacy and improvisational skills, presenting greater implementation challenges. Additionally, the study also identified key factors influencing pedagogical effectiveness, including trainees’ theoretical foundations, skill levels, reflective abilities, and the adequacy of external support systems. Based on these findings, the study recommends, optimising pedagogical training models, strengthening practical guidance and resource provision, enhancing trainees’ professional competencies, and prioritising localised adaptation of teaching methods. The study’s significance lies in offering theoretical support and practical guidance for early childhood educator training, advancing the quality development of early childhood education programmes, and contributing to the overall professional competence of early childhood educators.
Burhan Niode, Leonardus Ricky Rengkung, Stella Maria Paendong, Very Y. Londa
In today’s rapidly evolving and disruptive business environment, organizations are increasingly challenged to generate and maintain competitive advantage. This study presents a comprehensive literature review about absorptive capacity—defined as a firm’s ability to acquire and assimilate external knowledge, as potential absorptive capacity, to transform and exploit new knowledge, as realized absorptive capacity—related to competitive advantage, by synthesizing prior research from strategic knowledge management perspectives. The review identifies key themes, theoretical foundations, and empirical findings that link absorptive capacity to competitive advantage. The study explores how firms leverage absorptive capacity to adapt to disruptions, foster and improve competitive performance of firm. It highlights the relationship between knowledge acquisition processes and organizational performance, emphasizing that firms with strong absorptive capacity are better positioned to anticipate changes and respond effectively. The study also discusses key determinants of absorptive capacity, including organizational learning, prior knowledge, and knowledge-sharing mechanisms. Findings suggest that absorptive capacity strengthens resilience and long-term competitiveness in uncertain environments. The paper concludes by offering managerial implications for building and sustaining absorptive capacity as a strategic asset in the context of disruptive business environment.
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Emmanuel A. Bayta
The Alternative Learning System (ALS) provides a vital educational pathway for out‑of‑school youth and adults in the Philippines and often serves as a stepping stone for volunteer teachers aspiring to secure permanent positions in the Department of Education (DepEd). This study explored the lived experiences of former ALS volunteer teachers in Maramag, Bukidnon, focusing on their motivations, sacrifices, coping mechanisms, and professional advice for aspiring educators. A qualitative phenomenological design was employed, and data were gathered from 15 purposively selected participants through semi‑structured interviews conducted either face‑to‑face or via Google Forms, depending on participants’ availability and location. Transcripts were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns in participants’ professional trajectories. Findings show that mentorship, community support, and the success stories of former ALS volunteers were the primary drivers that encouraged participants to pursue formal teaching careers, outweighing financial incentives. Despite this strong sense of mission, participants experienced pervasive financial instability, irregular or minimal honoraria, and a lack of instructional resources, which required significant personal and economic sacrifices. To cope with these challenges, they drew on purpose‑driven resilience—anchored in commitment to learners, faith, social support networks, and practical strategies such as side jobs and careful budgeting. Participants advised aspiring ALS volunteers to balance “heart and skill” by pairing compassion and patience with intentional professional preparation, continuous learning, and strategic planning for career progression. The study concludes that while intrinsic motivation and personal sacrifice sustain many ALS volunteers, relying on these alone is unsustainable and inequitable, particularly for those from less advantaged backgrounds. The findings underscore the need for DepEd and partner institutions to formalize mentorship structures, strengthen financial and resource support, and establish more structured hiring pathways that recognize ALS experience as a legitimate foundation for entry into the public school system. These insights contribute to ongoing discussions on ALS policy and teacher development by highlighting how volunteer‑to‑teacher pathways can be made more just, stable, and strategically integrated into the basic education workforce.
Yamiko Banda
This study examined the impact of a bank merger on retail customer loyalty in Zambia, using a case study of a commercial bank merger that took place in 2024. The general objective of the study was to analyze how bank mergers influence retail customer loyalty, with specific emphasis on identifying key determinants of loyalty, examining challenges experienced during the merger process, and evaluating measures that can enhance customer loyalty, retention, and satisfaction in a post-merger environment. The study further assessed the roles of customer satisfaction, brand perception and digital banking experience in shaping retail customer loyalty. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was derived from internal customer experience metrics, including Customer Satisfaction Scores (CSAT), Customer Effort Scores (CES), and Net Promoter Scores (NPS). Qualitative data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with retail management officials. Statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to determine the strength and direction of relationships between retail customer loyalty and its key predictors, while thematic analysis was applied to interpret qualitative insights. The findings revealed that retail customer loyalty in the context of bank mergers is multidimensional, influenced by both attitudinal and behavioral factors. Quantitative results showed that brand perception and digital banking experience are the strongest drivers of customer loyalty, with very strong positive correlations (r = 0.905 and r = 0.94, respectively) and significant regression coefficients (β = 0.42 and β = 0.28). Customer satisfaction exhibited a moderate influence (r = 0.551; β = 0.30), reflecting service gaps, particularly in the contact center. The model explained approximately 64% of the variation in customer loyalty (R² ≈ 0.64), indicating strong explanatory power. Despite improvements in customer experience metrics, including an increase in NPS from negative to positive levels and gradual improvements in CSAT and CES, performance remained below target thresholds. Qualitative findings revealed that retail customer loyalty is strongly influenced by trust, service quality, communication, digital reliability, and staff engagement. However, the merger process introduced challenges such as service disruptions, communication gaps, and inconsistent customer experiences, which negatively affected customer trust and satisfaction. A key finding of the study was the distinction between transactional activity and true customer loyalty. While many customers remained active post-merger, high transaction volumes were accompanied by low deposit retention, as customers frequently transferred funds to mobile money platforms and competing financial institutions. This indicates the presence of partial or functional loyalty, where customers engage with the bank without strong relational commitment. The study concluded that bank mergers present both risks and opportunities for retail customer loyalty. While disruptions can weaken customer trust in the short term, effective post-merger strategies can restore and strengthen customer relationships. The study recommends that banks adopt a holistic customer loyalty framework that integrates service quality improvements, digital banking reliability, proactive communication, and personalized customer engagement. Specific recommendations include strengthening contact center performance, enhancing system reliability, leveraging data analytics for customer retention, promoting deposit retention strategies, and standardizing delivery service across channels. At a regulatory level, the study recommended that supervisory authorities incorporate customer experience and retention considerations into merger approval frameworks to safeguard consumer confidence. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of retail customer loyalty dynamics in transitional banking environments and provides practical insights into managing retail customer relationships in the aftermath of bank mergers.
C.A.C. Chukwunka, Zulaihatu A. Zubair
This study examines the factors responsible for social conflicts in Nigeria, a country with a plural society and a history of social injustice. The research explores how deprivation of rights, social discrimination, inequality, and imbalance in the social structure contribute to conflicts. The need for all citizens to benefit from a safe and pleasant environment, entails fair distribution of resources amongst the plural groups. The lack of it calls for sufficient public action and real danger for a social breakdown. The constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria 1999 advocated the principle of state social order based on the ideals of freedom, equality and justice. In furtherance of this social order, in 1996, federal character commission was established with responsibility to promote, monitor and enforce compliance with the principles of proportional sharing of all bureaucratic, economic, media and political posts at all levels of government. The social contract and social justice theories were the Theoretical frameworks. The study adopted a survey design method and interview were conducted in structured in-depth and key informant interviews with 200 respondents from different ethnic groups. Data collected through the interviews were analyzed using frequency tabulation, percentage, thematic summaries. There was selection of sample size from the population of the study. Findings from the study showed that, there are pervasiveness of political imbalance, which has led to one component unit being stronger than other parts of the plural segment. Consequent upon these findings, the study recommends a restructure where the federating units are equal in the natural opportunities and resource allocation. In conclusion, the research also suggests a revisit to the 2014 national sovereign conference as a way forward for Nigeria’s unity.
Nelson Akeh Temesas, Tameh Kilian Gifui
HIV treatment adherence remains a major challenge in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa despite significant advances in antiretroviral therapy. While medical research has extensively examined biomedical and behavioural factors influencing adherence, the role of language in counselling interactions has received comparatively little attention. This study examines the discursive and paralinguistic strategies used in HIV/AIDS counselling sessions to promote treatment adherence and reduce stigma. Drawing on the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis, particularly Ruth Wodak’s Discourse Historical Approach and Teun van Dijk’s socio-cognitive perspective, the study analyses recorded counselling sessions and interviews conducted at the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon. The data, largely produced in Cameroon Pidgin English, reveal that counsellors employ a variety of argumentative strategies including persuasion, moral appeals, and legitimation to encourage testing, safe sexual behaviour, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. In addition, paralinguistic features such as tone, laughter, and repetition play a crucial role in easing tension, fostering trust, and facilitating communication between counsellors and patients. The study highlights the importance of language in shaping health behaviour and demonstrates how discourse practices contribute to improving HIV treatment adherence and reducing stigma in clinical contexts.
Mrinmay Dhali
This paper examines Aristotle’s (384 – 322 BC) theory of modal logic, with special emphasis on its historical development, conceptual structure, and philosophical implications. While Aristotle is widely celebrated for his theory of categorical syllogism, his modal system—dealing with necessity, possibility, impossibility, and contingency—remains comparatively less understood due to internal inconsistencies and the absence of a universally accepted formal reconstruction. The study traces the evolution of modal logic from Aristotle’s works such as De Interpretatione and Prior Analytics through its reception and reinterpretation by later thinkers including Theophrastus, Avicenna, Averroes, and William of Ockham. It also highlights the medieval distinction between de dicto and de re modalities, which significantly expanded the scope of modal syllogistics. So, the paper analyses the logical structure of modal propositions using symbolic tools such as necessity (L) and possibility (M), and explores their interrelations through fundamental modal principles. Special attention is given to Aristotle’s treatment of modal syllogisms, including the validity and invalidity of various moods such as BARBARA LXL and XLL, along with later critiques by scholars like Jan Łukasiewicz and Nicholas Rescher. The study argues that despite historical criticisms, Aristotle’s modal logic laid the groundwork for subsequent developments in formal and philosophical logic. Finally, the paper reflects on the broader philosophical implications of modal logic, particularly its relevance to debates on determinism, necessity, and contingency. It concludes that although Aristotle’s system is incomplete and sometimes inconsistent, it remains foundational and continues to inspire modern logical inquiry and interpretation.
Ahmad Fadzil Jobli, Wen Chiat Lee
Gamification in education is important as it provides a new pathway for learners to be more engaged in their learning journey. “Google Meet” is an online meeting tools that is used by educators for academic purpose and enables the students to promote collaborative teaching and engage with students. The study in this paper is a quantitative study undertaken to examine the perception of 32 university’s students towards the effectiveness of Google Meet in improving students understanding of Econometrics subject in a public university in Malaysia. The students that have taken Econometrics class and undergone Google Meet teaching in a university in Kuching, Sarawak are chosen as respondents. Questionnaire in Google Form is then given to the respondents to answer. The data is analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentage) analysis in Excel and SPSS 29.0 software. The results show that Google Meet can increase the understanding of students on definition and concepts of Econometrics by 50 percent and improvement of numeracy skill in Econometrics by 50 percent as well. It is hoped that the findings could provide some insights to educators in employing Google Meet as their formative assessments to improve universities’ students’ performance.
Elizabeth F. Gutierrez, Vivian L. Dedace
This study assessed the long-term impact of the National Qualifying Examination for School Heads (NQESH) on leadership effectiveness and readiness for emerging educational demands. It examined the demographic profiles of school heads, the perceived effectiveness of NQESH in leadership preparation, and its role in addressing contemporary challenges. The research explored factors influencing NQESH effectiveness, demographic differences in perceptions, the relationship between efficacy and preparedness, and challenges in applying NQESH competencies. A mixed-methods design was used, with quantitative data collected through structured surveys on demographics, perceived effectiveness, and preparedness, and qualitative data gathered via interviews on leadership experiences and application challenges. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and group comparisons, supplemented by thematic analysis of qualitative data. Findings showed most respondents were mid-career school heads from rural schools who recently qualified through NQESH. Generally, NQESH effectively built foundational leadership skills in instructional leadership, crisis management, and teacher development. However, gaps existed between theoretical training and practical application. Significant differences in perceived effectiveness by location and experience emerged, as did strong correlations between perceived leadership effectiveness and preparedness for emerging issues. Qualitative insights highlighted challenges such as resource constraints, heavy administrative workloads, and the need for ongoing mentoring. The study recommends enhancing practical training, sustained professional development, and post-certification support to bridge the gap between theory and practice, ultimately improving school leadership effectiveness in dynamic educational contexts.
Maria Nova Mae E. Gucor
This research evaluated the effectiveness of the Audio-Based Approach in enhancing the reading comprehension of Grade 8 students. It was conducted among a total population of 42 Grade 8 student-respondents from Cabul-an National High School, Eastern Cabul-an, Buenavista, Bohol. The identified learning competencies—identifying the literal point, interpreting the inferential point, and making a critical conclusion—were described and correlated. A competency-based 30-item multiple-choice Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (Phil-IRI) test was utilized as the primary research instrument to assess reading comprehension. The study employed a mixed-method sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data were collected from a non-random group using pre-test and post-test instruments and were analyzed using SPSS, focusing on descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and frequency) and inferential statistics through a paired-samples t-test. Subsequently, qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews to further explain and expand upon the quantitative findings. Statistically, the results revealed that the audio-based approach significantly improved students’ reading comprehension across the identified competencies, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Moreover, six students representing low, medium, and high achievement levels shared their preferences, challenges, and perceived benefits from the intervention. Their responses indicated that the audio-based approach enhanced their comprehension of the text. Overall, the findings confirm that integrating an audio-based approach as a learning material significantly contributes to improving students’ reading comprehension.
Abdul Kholiq, I Gede Suputra Widharma, I Made Sujanayasa, I Nyoman Kiriana, Ni Nyoman Sri Widiasih
This study aims to explore the dynamics of the Obong Kalang ritual in Java and the Ngaben ritual in Bali, focusing on their transformations, meanings, and social functions inside of contemporary cultural contexts. Obong Kalang, a traditional Javanese mortuary ritual, and Ngaben, the central cremation ceremony in Balinese culture, both embody profound religious and cultural significance. Employing a qualitative ethnographic approach, this research collected data through in-depth interviews by community elders and local participants, participant observation during ritual performances, and a review of relevant literature. Thematic analysis was used to identify key ritual elements and to examine the factors driving changes in both practices. The findings reveal that both Obong Kalang and Ngaben represent cultural and spiritual expressions rooted in Hindu and animistic influences. Despite differences in form and execution, both serve as means of releasing the soul by worldly attachments, honoring ancestors, and maintaining harmony among humans, nature, and transcendent forces.
Almiera G. Bregondo, James L. Paglinawan
This study explored the career transition experiences of non-education graduates teaching in a private higher education institution, particularly San Isidro College. It examined their reasons for entering the teaching profession, their transition experiences, the challenges they encountered, the coping mechanisms and support systems that sustained them, and the recommendations they offered to other non-education graduates who plan to teach in higher education. The study employed a qualitative phenomenological design to understand the participants’ lived experiences. Selected non-education graduate faculty members were chosen through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings showed that non-education graduates entered teaching because they viewed it as a meaningful, purpose-driven, and student-centered vocation. Their transition was described as challenging yet developmental, requiring preparation, adjustment, and continuous engagement with the realities of teaching. The participants encountered difficulties related to limited pedagogical preparation, classroom management, lesson planning, assessment, workload, institutional expectations, and policy-related concerns. Despite these challenges, they sustained their teaching roles through self-directed learning, adaptability, reflection, mentoring, collegial support, seminars, and institutional assistance. They also emphasized that readiness for teaching requires continuous learning, pedagogical preparation, teachability, and structured institutional support. The study concludes that the transition of non-education graduates into teaching is both meaningful and demanding. Their successful adjustment and effectiveness depend on continuous professional development and responsive institutional support, particularly in induction, mentoring, and faculty development programs. These findings highlight the need for institutional environments for non-education faculty in higher education.
Emeka E. Ene., Patrick U. Ebenuwa
This study investigates the causal relationships between savings mobilisation, capital market development, and economic growth in Nigeria using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach on annual data from 1990 to 2023. The dependent variable is GDP growth rate, while explanatory variables include gross domestic savings ratio (GDSR), total savings (LTS), All Share Index (LASI), market capitalisation (LMCAPE), number of listed entities (LNLE), real interest rate (RINT), and exchange rate (LEXR). The bounds test confirms cointegration among the variables, validating a long-run equilibrium relationship. The error-correction term is negative and highly significant (−1.220; p < 0.001), indicating rapid adjustment and long-run causality from the regressors to GDP growth. Long-run estimates reveal that gross domestic savings as a ratio of GDP (GDSR) and market capitalisation (LMCAPE) exert positive and significant effects on growth, while total savings (LTS) show a significant negative effect. LASI and LNLE are not significant. Real interest rate and exchange rate also display positive long-run impacts. Short-run dynamics provide weak evidence of causality, with most differenced terms insignificant except for a marginal lagged exchange-rate effect. These findings suggest that financial deepening influences growth primarily through structural channels rather than immediate demand effects. Policy implications are twofold: first, deepen capital market infrastructure and instruments to translate mobilised savings into productive investment. Second, address structural bottlenecks that impede efficient allocation of aggregate savings. Collectively, the results support state contingent financial sector strategies that strengthen both savings mobilisation and market depth to foster sustained growth in Nigeria. Policy implications emphasise raising domestic savings and strengthening capital market depth to channel resources into productive investments, while addressing inefficiencies that hinder effective intermediation.
Arnel S. Miraflor
Much district educators dislike research, so they don't conduct it. Because of this, the researcher decided to investigate the causes. In response, this study evaluated Sta. district educators' research skills in Sta. Cruz, Zambales. The research was descriptive correlational. Specifically, a descriptive research approach was used to examine multiple factors. Furthermore, teachers and administrators were informed of the study's purpose and methods. The study used a validated self-administered questionnaire. Despite these efforts, some teachers cannot do classroom action research. The results show that some educators do not engage in school action research, some are unable to create clear, detailed, quantifiable, attainable, and goal-oriented objectives, and some are skeptical about its benefits and view it as difficult. Additionally, district teachers struggle to get action research books and in-text citations. For future improvements, research should include a broader range of teacher performance characteristics.
Alexander F. Suan, Oshen A. Pajaron
Reading serves as a gateway to learning, critical thinking, and knowledge acquisition, making reading comprehension a crucial skill for Grade 4 pupils, particularly those in hinterland areas where access to educational resources may be limited. However, limited studies have examined the combined influence of well-being and academic efficacy on the reading comprehension of learners in these contexts. This study examined the influence of well-being and academic efficacy on the reading comprehension of 137 Grade 4 pupils in selected hinterland public elementary schools during School Year 2025–2026. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed using a modified questionnaire, and multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether the variables significantly predict reading comprehension. Results revealed that although pupils frequently experienced well-being and demonstrated a high level of academic efficacy, their overall reading comprehension remained at the Beginning level. Further analysis showed that both well-being and academic efficacy significantly influenced reading comprehension. The findings suggest that improving reading comprehension requires not only the development of cognitive skills but also the strengthening of learners’ well-being and academic efficacy. Thus, interventions that integrate socio-emotional support and academic skill development are essential to enhance learners’ reading performance, particularly in resource-limited hinterland schools. Schools, particularly in hinterland areas, may implement integrated reading intervention programs that simultaneously strengthen learners’ socio-emotional well-being, academic efficacy, and reading comprehension through structured, scaffolded, and learner-centered instructional strategies.
Ajani Sodiq Olayemi, Elemide Musibau Alao, Siyanbola, Trimisiyu Tunji
This study examined the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on the financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Environmental disclosure, social disclosure, and governance disclosure served as the independent variables, while Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Tobin's Q were employed as proxies for financial performance. Firm size and leverage were incorporated as control variables. Adopting an ex-post facto research design, the study analysed panel data drawn from the annual reports and financial statements of 30 selected listed manufacturing firms for the period 2015–2024, yielding 93 firm-year observations. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares panel regression. Descriptive results indicated that the sampled firms reported at relatively high levels across all CSR dimensions, with governance disclosure recording the highest mean value. The regression results revealed that CSR disclosure dimensions do not exert a statistically significant effect on ROA, ROE, or Tobin's Q. However, leverage and firm size significantly influenced financial performance: leverage exerted a significant negative effect on ROE (B = −0.199; p = 0.000), while firm size exerted a significant positive effect on ROE (B = 0.062; p = 0.013). The study concludes that, while CSR disclosure enhances corporate transparency and stakeholder communication, its direct impact on short-term financial performance remains limited for listed Nigerian manufacturing firms. Firms are encouraged to embed CSR strategies within long-term corporate objectives, and regulatory bodies should advance standardised reporting frameworks to improve disclosure comparability and investor utility
Christian O. Limbago, Darwin I. Magbanua, Jerrelyn Vicky C. Cañete, Mariecar J. Cagbabanua, Rogen Paul G. Geromo
The study aimed to determine the corporate social responsibility practices of cooperatives in Dipolog City. The researchers utilized a quantitative type of research in profiling the cooperatives, identifying the CSR objectives and assessing the CSR practices of cooperatives and used a modified survey research questionnaire adopted from the study of Cherobon to gather data and achieve the goals of the study. Findings revealed that Dipolog City has multi-purpose cooperatives and their CSR objectives are focused to the community, employee, and customer. The cooperatives in Dipolog City have truly served its members, community, and employees, which is one of the fundamental reasons for their long-term viability. It can be deduced that cooperatives in Dipolog City were excellent in their CSR practices and that they are considered a beneficial investment for their members and potential members in the future because they were able to serve their true purpose in the society.
Dr. Ma. Magdalena V. Gatdula, Engr. Meshelle N. Fabro, Engr. Michael Andre P. Guevarra, Engr. Ruth Arlene T. Necio, Engr. William C. Dionisio
Maintaining proper hand hygiene is essential for preventing the spread of infectious diseases in public and high-traffic environments. However, traditional alcohol dispensers often require physical contact, which may increase the risk of cross-contamination and lack effective monitoring of alcohol levels. This study presents the design and development of an infrared-based touchless alcohol dispenser with SMS notification aimed at promoting safer and more efficient hand hygiene practices. The proposed system utilizes an infrared (IR) sensor to detect the presence of a user's hand and automatically activates a pump mechanism to dispense a controlled amount of alcohol without physical contact. A microcontroller serves as the central control unit that manages the sensing, dispensing, and monitoring processes. Additionally, a liquid level sensor continuously monitors the remaining alcohol level in the dispenser container. When the alcohol level reaches a predefined threshold, a GSM module automatically sends a Short Message Service (SMS) notification to designated personnel, enabling timely refilling and preventing service interruption. The prototype was evaluated based on detection responsiveness, dispensing consistency, system reliability, and SMS notification performance. Results show that the system effectively provides touchless operation, controlled dispensing, and real-time refill alerts. The developed prototype demonstrates a low-cost, automated, and scalable hygiene solution suitable for schools, offices, and other public facilities, contributing to improved sanitation management and public health safety.
Israa Ismael
This study investigates the effectiveness of a gamified Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based instructional program in enhancing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing fluency among preparatory stage students in Egypt. Addressing a critical gap in EFL pedagogy, the study conceptualizes writing fluency as a multidimensional construct encompassing idea generation, organization, coherence, lexical access, and text continuity. A mixed-method, quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was employed with 60 intermediate-level students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received instruction through a structured, gamified AI-supported program integrating tools such as conversational agents, automated feedback systems, and immersive learning environments, while the control group followed traditional instructional practices. Quantitative data from writing fluency tests were analyzed using paired- and independent-samples t-tests, revealing statistically significant improvements in overall writing fluency and its sub-skills in favor of the experimental group, with large effect sizes (η² = 0.359). Qualitative analysis of students’ written productions and interaction logs further demonstrated substantial development in text smoothness, organization, and reflective writing, supported by AI-mediated scaffolding and sustained practice. The findings indicate that gamified AI tools, when pedagogically integrated, can effectively reduce cognitive load, enhance learner engagement, and promote continuous written production. The study contributes to the growing body of AI in language education by foregrounding writing fluency as a central outcome and offering a context-sensitive model for technology-enhanced EFL instruction in school settings. Implications for pedagogy, theory, and future research are discussed.
Azli Bin Ariffin, Haiyan Wu
In the digital transformation wave of global higher education, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an indispensable auxiliary tool for English language learning, especially for non-English major undergraduates in China who take college English as a compulsory public course. However, the current application of AI in English language learning is mostly limited to single-function tool use, lacking systematic activity-based design that conforms to the laws of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) acquisition and the actual learning needs of Chinese undergraduates. This study, as a preliminary research of Phase 1 in Chapter 4 of a doctoral thesis with the title Development of an Activity-Based AI Implementation Model for undergraduate English Language Learning in China, focuses on the perspective of English language learning, and aims to explore the current situation of AI application in undergraduates’ English learning, their attitudes and demands for activity-based AI-assisted learning, so as to lay an empirical foundation for the subsequent model design. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 387 non-English major undergraduates from 4 universities in eastern and central China, and descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the valid data. The results show that 89.4% of the respondents have used AI tools for English learning, mainly focusing on writing correction and oral pronunciation practice, but they are generally dissatisfied with the lack of systematic activity design of existing AI tools. Meanwhile, undergraduates have a positive attitude towards activity-based AI-assisted English learning, and put forward clear demands for personalized, scenario-based and interactive learning activities. This study enriches the empirical research on the integration of AI and activity-based learning in EFL, provides a reference for the construction of a targeted AI implementation model for Chinese undergraduate English language learning, and also offers practical implications for college English teaching reform under the background of educational digitalization. This paper strictly abides by the research progress, only reports the preliminary questionnaire results, and does not involve the model design and validation which will be carried out in the subsequent research stages.
Akpanuko, Essien E, Jackson, Dorcas Ubong, Martin, Macauley Chrysanthus
The paper examined how the digital transformation has impacted the performance of the deposit money banks in Nigeria between 2009H1 and 2024H2. The point-of-sale transactions (POS), web payment transactions (WPAY), and mobile payment transactions (MPAY) were used as proxies of digital transformation, and the performance was evaluated by the ratio of return on assets (ROA), personnel expenses to gross income (PEGI), and the ratio of return on equity (ROE). The research design adopted was ex-post facto research and the secondary time-series data employed was of bi-annual data that was sourced in the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Financial Stability Reports. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, augmented dickey fuller unit root tests, error correction modelling, ordinary least squares multiple regression, and post estimation Diagnostic tests were used. The findings showed that the statistically significant impact on ROA was jointly with digital transformation (R-squared = 0.3332; F-statistic = 4.6645; p = 0.0091) but POS, WPAY, and MPAY were not significantly significant at the 5 percent level. In the case of PEGI, the impact of digital transformation on personnel-cost efficiency had a significant and statistically significant influence (R-squared = 0.8770; F-statistic = 66.5747; p = 0.0000). In the case of ROE, the combined effect was only very weakly explanatory and statistically insignificant (R-squared = 0.0353; F-statistic = 0.3413; p = 0.7956). The long-run tests based on the residual revealed that the three models had stable long-term relationships and the error-correction terms were not only negative but also statistically significant, which indicated the adjustment of short-run disequilibrium into the long-run equilibrium. It was found that digital transformation is applicable to the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria, although its impact is greater on the asset profitability and personnel-cost efficiency than on the shareholder return in the period considered. The research suggested more robust digital infrastructure, web-payment optimization, enhanced security architecture, cost-discipline, and integrated channel management.
Dr. Mukaila Abiola Tonade, Dr. Olabisi Bolarinwa Odewole, Olusegun Amos Oyebanjo
This study examined the effect of Digitalization on Cost Efficiency (CE) in the Ogun State public sector, Nigeria. Specifically, it evaluated the influence of key digital financial management systems, Government Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS), Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS), Treasury Single Account (TSA), and Digital Infrastructure (DI) on CE. Data were collected from 396 employees across nineteen (19) ministries using a structured five-point Likert scale questionnaire, out of which 389 responses were obtained for analysis. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4.0. The findings revealed that digitalization had a statistically significant effect on CE in Ogun State (p = 0.046 < 0.05). However, the model’s explanatory power is relatively low (R² = 0.169), indicating that digitalization accounted for only a limited proportion of the variation in CE and suggesting that other relevant factors not included in the model may also influence outcomes. DI exhibited a statistically significant and positive effect on CE (β = 0.275, p = 0000), indicating that infrastructure improvements contributed to enhanced CE. Conversely, GIFMIS (β = -0.405) and IPPIS (β = -0.301) exhibited negative, statistically insignificant effects. This may be attributed to implementation challenges such as inadequate technical capacity, poor system integration, resistance to change, and institutional inefficiencies, which limit their effectiveness despite their theoretical importance in public financial management. TSA (β = 0.460) demonstrated a positive but statistically insignificant relationship with CE, suggesting that its potential benefits may not yet be fully realized. The study concluded that digitalization significantly influenced CE. However, its impact varies across different digital systems and depends largely on implementation effectiveness and institutional context. It recommends strengthening user capacity, improving system integration, and enhancing governance frameworks to ensure effective utilization of digital systems. Additionally, policymakers should complement infrastructure investments with institutional reforms and performance monitoring mechanisms.
Dorji Wangchuk, Kinga Dorji, Nima Tshering, Sherab Tenzin, Sonam Choden
This study investigated the effectiveness of the cooperative learning method in improving the academic performance of Class X students and developing competencies that can be applied across different subjects and real-life situations at Orong Central School. A mixed-method approach was used in the study. The quantitative component involved analysing students’ academic achievement before and after the implementation of cooperative learning. Data were collected from 50 Class X students and three teachers. Students’ academic results from the second term of 2024 (before the use of cooperative learning) were obtained from school records and compared with their results from the first term of 2023 after the implementation of cooperative learning. The qualitative component included students’ and teachers’ perceptions of cooperative learning gathered through questionnaires and teacher interviews. The findings revealed that students showed strong interest in collaborating with peers and were actively engaged in the teaching–learning process, rather than relying solely on the teacher. Students reported increased confidence in sharing ideas, presenting group findings, and supporting one another during discussions. Cooperative learning also encouraged students to recognise diverse perspectives, thereby enhancing their critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving abilities. The study concluded that cooperative learning promotes active participation, effective communication, and collaborative problem-solving among students. It is therefore recommended that cooperative learning strategies be integrated into classroom instruction to enhance students’ academic achievement and develop essential life skills.
Iris April L. Ramirez, Shella Khrystyn B. Angga
In recent years, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching approaches, offering innovative ways to enhance learners’ learning. Among these, video-based learning has emerged as an effective instructional tool that supports learners’ understanding of complex concepts and promotes active engagement in science education, particularly in topics such as chemical bonding. Learners often encounter difficulties due to the abstract nature of the content. This highlights the need for instructional strategies that can simplify concepts while maintaining the learner’s interest Leaners often prefer multimedia instruction that reflects the technologies they use outside school (Jukes & Schaaf, 2019). Chemical bonding, for instance, is inherently abstract, making it difficult for many learners to grasp (Widarti et.al., 2024). The use of visual tools such as videos, images, and simulations can help learners better visualize atomic and molecular processes ( Asedillas & Quimbo,2019). Studies have shown a well-designed video tutorials can enhance learners’ engagement and academic performance by addressing diverse learning needs (Whitney & Dallas, 2019; lopes, 2023). These materials provide a visually engaging and flexible learning environment, allowing learners to process information more effectively. The effectiveness of video-based learning is supported by established theories. Paivio’s Dual Coding Theory (1971) explains that learners process information through both verbal and visual channels, improving comprehension and retention when both are used. This supports the use of video tutorials as a meaningful instructional tool, In the Philippines context, the importance of educational technology became more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, when learners faced limited teacher interaction, unstable internet access, and challenges in in independent learning (Tria,2020). In response, the Department of Education (DepEd) emphasized the use of digital learning tools, including teacher-developed video tutorials, to support continuity of learning. Video tutorials also promote independent learning by allowing learners to control the pace of instruction through pausing, replaying, and reviewing content (Brame,2016). This particularly beneficial for learners who need additional time to understand lessons, including non-native English speakers ( Mecida et.al.,2016). Moreover, learner interest plays a crucial role in effective learning. Learners are more likely to engage in subjects they find relevant and interesting (Lai et.al.,2016). Video tutorials can enhance motivation by presenting lessons in an interactive and visually appealing manner, making learning more meaningful and engaging (Breslyn & Green,2022; Mecida et.al., 2023). Beyond academic performance, learners' interest is crucial to effective learning. Studies indicate that learners are more likely to engage in subjects they find interesting and relevant (Lai et al., 2016). Besides academic performance, student interest is key to effective learning, as research shows that students are more engaged in subjects that they find interesting and relevant. Video tutorials can boost motivation and interest by making lessons more interactive and visually appealing. Moreover, video tutorials have been found to significantly increase learners’ interest and motivation. When lessons are presented in a visually engaging and interactive format, learners are more likely to participate actively and develop a positive attitude toward the subject (Lai et.al., 2016). Research also highlights that technology bn-based instructional materials can make learning more enjoyable, accessible, and meaningful, thereby improving both engagement and academic outcomes (Breslyn & Green, 2022; Mecida et al., 2023). Despite the advantages of the use of videos, it must be noted that the effectiveness of video tutorials depends on their design, usability, and relevance to learners’ needs (Lange et al., 2020). Also, although using visual and auditory media in video lectures is clear, online educators need to be mindful of the potential drawbacks that can arise from their misuse. Lange et al. (2020) stated that information transfer issues can arise when media are presented in ways that restrict viewers' concentration, attention, interest, and engagement. Based on a study by Bullo (2021), most students are less engaged in listening during lectures. This implies that learners who are not actively engaged in lectures may struggle to comprehend and retain information, resulting in lower academic performance. Moreover, his findings suggest that educators should explore and implement teaching strategies that promote active listening and engagement. Despite these promising advantages, gaps remain in existing literature. While many studies emphasize the effectiveness of video tutorials in improving learners’ understanding and engagement, there is limited research focusing on their combined impact on both academic performance and learners’ interest, particularly in grade 9 chemistry. Additionally, there is a need to explore the effectiveness of researcher-made video tutorials that are specifically designed to align with learners’ needs. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of researcher-made video tutorials in enhancing the academic performance and learning interest of Grade 9 chemistry learners. Specifically, it seeks to determine whether the integration of video tutorials can improve learners’ understanding of chemical bonding and increase their engagement in the learning process.
CHRP. John Manesa Mule, Dr. James Karau, Dr. Selerina Samba Mwaruta Wanjau
This study examined the influence of employee engagement on Quality of Work Life (QWL) among healthcare workers in public health facilities in Machakos County, Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted, with data collected from 195 healthcare workers using structured questionnaires measured on a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and ordinal logistic regression. Findings revealed moderate to high levels of employee engagement (M = 3.82, SD = 1.10), with significant differences across professional cadres (F(3,191) = 6.45, p < .001). Ordinal regression results indicated that employee engagement significantly predicts QWL (OR = 1.72, p < .001), implying that higher engagement substantially increases the likelihood of improved work-life quality. The study concludes that employee engagement is a critical driver of employee well-being and organizational effectiveness. It recommends strengthening participatory leadership, communication, recognition systems, and teamwork to enhance QWL and service delivery in public health facilities.
Jolly O. Cornelio, Regine L. Pacardo
This action research, led by teacher-reservists, evaluated the effectiveness of the “Squad System” intervention—a military-inspired behavioral framework designed to enhance classroom discipline and task completion among Grade 1 learners. Conducted at Kulaman Central Elementary School, the study involved 59 key stakeholders, including 28 learners, 28 parents, and 3 professional observers. Utilizing a quantitative pre-test/post-test design, data were analyzed through weighted mean scores, Paired-Samples T-tests in Jamovi, and Triple-Axis Data Triangulation. Following a 21-day cycle, results revealed a transformative behavioral shift. The overall Grand Mean improved from a baseline of 1.57 (Developing) to 2.58 (Highly Effective), yielding statistically significant growth (p < .001). Specifically, classroom discipline improved by +0.99 (t(27) = 27.80) and task completion by +1.12 (t(27) = 191.60). Triangulated parental data highlighted a +0.88 mean gain, confirming a "Halo Effect" where classroom discipline generalized into domestic routines. In conclusion, the Squad System—leveraging the authors’ military expertise—is a highly effective mechanism for stabilizing early elementary behavior via peer-led accountability. It is recommended that the district institutionalize this intervention by adopting the standardized operating manual into local policies to guarantee long-term behavioral sustainability.
Aeron M. Delos Santos, Armil C. Roque, Rosemarie F. Buenafrancisca
Food vendors near the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) Cabiao provide affordable and convenient meals for students. The safety of these foods, nonetheless, is highly reliant on the practices of vendors who prepare and serve them. This study examined the food safety practices of these vendors and how such practices influence student preference in choosing where to buy food. In accordance with the FDA Food Code and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the study focused on six key areas: food handling, personal hygiene, food storage and maintenance, sanitation and facility cleanliness, food waste disposal, and compliance with permits and licensing. Using a descriptive-quantitative design, data were collected from 244 students through a validated survey. Findings indicated that vendors were mostly viewed as meeting basic food safety standards, with the highest ratings given to proper food handling. Personal hygiene and waste disposal, however, showed gaps needing attention. Correlational analysis confirmed that safer and more transparent vendor practices strongly shape student trust, attitudes, and buying behavior. The study underscores that food safety extends beyond regulatory compliance; it is also a crucial factor in maintaining consumer confidence and upholding the livelihoods of vendors. Ensuring that vendors are equipped with enough knowledge, training, and accountability mechanisms is essential to protect public health while promoting the long-term viability of small food businesses. Additionally, enhancing cooperation among vendors, schools, and health authorities can build shared responsibility in establishing a culture of safe and responsible food practices around the campus.
Glory Ann M. Caminse, Ligaya C. Manolong, Ronald D. Manolong
This quantitative-descriptive study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology (MonCAST) as a higher education institution in delivering quality education and fostering continuous improvement. Anchored on Talcott Parsons’ Goal Attainment Theory (1960), the study examined how clearly defined institutional goals translate into concrete outcomes for faculty and students. Specifically, it assessed MonCAST’s effectiveness in terms of clear school mission, high expectations for success, instructional leadership, opportunity to learn and time on task, safe and orderly environment, positive home-school relations, and frequent monitoring of student progress. A survey was conducted among 69 faculty members selected through stratified random sampling to ensure fair representation. Results revealed that MonCAST achieved a "Very High" effectiveness level in most areas, particularly in its clear mission, strong instructional leadership, and high academic expectations. Opportunities for learning, student safety, and monitoring of progress were also highly rated, supporting a strong academic and supportive school culture. However, home-school relations received a "High" rating, suggesting the need for further strengthening of parental engagement and community connections. The study concludes that MonCAST demonstrates a solid foundation for excellence but should continue enhancing stakeholder partnerships and support systems. It recommends continuous curriculum improvement, faculty development, active student participation, and expanded community involvement to sustain progress. Future researchers are encouraged to explore additional effectiveness dimensions, such as graduate outcomes and student satisfaction, to further guide institutional development.
Ahmad Fadzil Jobli, Wen Chiat Lee
Gamification in education is important as it provides a new pathway for learners to be more engaged in their learning journey. “Quizizz” is an online game that is used by educators for academic purpose and enables the students to enjoy interactive learning and have fun. The study in this paper is a quantitative study undertaken to examine the perception of 61 Diploma students towards the effectiveness of Quizizz in increasing Economics performance, enhancing class participation and enriching learning experience. The Diploma students in two classes that have taken Economics class and undergone Quizizz in a university in Kuching, Sarawak are chosen as respondents. Questionnaire in Google Form is then given to the respondents to answer. The data is analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentage) analysis in Excel and SPSS 29.0 software. The results show that Quizizz can increase passing rates of students by 26 percent and increase of 15 percent for students that score A in Economics. It is hoped that the findings could provide some insights to educators in employing Quizizz as their formative assessments to improve universities’ students’ performance.
Ahmad Fadzil Jobli, Wen Chiat Lee
Students of the twenty-first century requires digital tool and prefer game-based learning and teaching environment to enhance their understanding. Board game is one of the game-based learning method that can create a scenario-based environment, where students interact to apply previous knowledge and practical skills to real-world problems. However, there remains a gap in the literature on the application of simulation and board game such as the use of board game in Economics subject in university. Thus, the aim of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of application of board game use to enhance students understanding in Monetary Theory and Policy Subject, an Economics subject. Feedback of thirty university students in Malaysia public university that take this monetary theory and policy subject was obtained. This paper finds out that the use of a board game as a game-based learning tool can increase university’s students understanding of monetary theory and policy It is hoped that the findings could provide some insights to educators in employing Board game as formative assessments to enhance universities understanding on Monetary Theory and Policy Economics subject.
Yassir Elhaj
Automatic age estimation and gender classification from facial images represent two of the most intensively studied problems in computer vision, with wide-ranging applications in human-computer interaction, biometric surveillance, targeted marketing, healthcare monitoring, and forensic analysis. Despite remarkable advances in convolutional neural network architectures over the past decade, the black-box nature of deep learning models continues to pose significant challenges in terms of interpretability, trustworthiness, and accountability, particularly in sensitive deployment contexts. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of three state-of-the-art deep learning architectures—VGG16, ResNet50, and EfficientNet-B3—for simultaneous age and gender prediction from facial images, with a strong emphasis on model explainability. Our framework employs the UTKFace dataset, comprising over 20,000 face images spanning ages from 1 to 116 across multiple ethnicities. We describe a rigorous preprocessing pipeline incorporating Multitask Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN) for face detection and alignment, followed by standardized normalization and extensive data augmentation strategies. Both Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are integrated into the evaluation workflow to provide visual and quantitative insight into the regions and features that drive model decisions. Experimental results demonstrate that EfficientNet-B3 achieves superior performance with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 4.37 years for age estimation and a gender classification accuracy of 96.8%, while maintaining a significantly reduced computational footprint compared to the other architectures under evaluation. ResNet50 offers a strong middle ground between accuracy and training efficiency, whereas VGG16, though interpretable, lags behind in both performance and computational cost. Our explainability analysis reveals that all three models predominantly attend to periocular regions, nasolabial folds, and frontal skull geometry for age estimation, while gender classification relies more heavily on jaw contour, brow ridge prominence, and lip morphology. These findings underscore the importance of integrating explainability tools into the facial analysis pipeline and provide practical guidance for practitioners deploying deep learning systems in real-world, ethically sensitive environments.
Rey M. Arturo, Rosabeth M. Arturo
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents significant emotional, social, and economic challenges for families worldwide. Globally, the prevalence of ASD has increased over the past decades, posing growing challenges for families and healthcare systems. Mothers, who often serve as the primary caregivers of children with ASD, experience substantial emotional, financial, and caregiving burdens. This study explored the lived experiences of mothers raising children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the island province in the Philippines. Using a qualitative descriptive phenomenological design, in-depth interviews were conducted with three purposively selected mothers who have children aged 5–15 years diagnosed with ASD. Data were analyzed using Creswell’s six-step qualitative data analysis procedure. Four major themes emerged from the narratives: (1) treating own child differently, (2) fearing for them, (3) problematizing therapy, and (4) caring challenges. Findings revealed that mothers experienced emotional distress, social stigma, financial strain, and difficulties accessing therapy services due to geographic isolation and limited availability of specialists. Despite these barriers, participants demonstrated resilience, adaptability, and strong parental commitment in supporting their children’s development. The study highlights the need for accessible therapy services, inclusive education programs, and government-supported interventions for families raising children with ASD in geographically isolated communities. Thus, mothers of ASD children should have extra treatment, fear, problems, and care for their ASD children. This study recommends a quantitative research to support the qualitative findings that will serve as the foundation for developing comprehensive intervention programs for these mothers of children with ASD.
Clarence Hernandez, Edmund David Tamayo, Joseph Carlos Crisostomo, Monaliza Jimenez, Ramjohn Levy De Mesa
This study focuses on what shapes programming growth among third-year Computer Engineering learners at Bulacan State University. Psychological traits, classroom structure, personal study routines, alongside AI tool usage and shape skill acquisition patterns observed in these individuals. A numeric method guides this study. The surveys reach 60 selected participants via purposeful selection techniques. Information flows from responses marked on a 4-point Likert scale questionnaire, later analysed using weighted mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation. Results show those who believe more strongly in themselves tend to perform better in coding coursework. Despite a positive view of classroom support, learners show hesitation during difficult tasks. When mistakes occur in programming work, discomfort tends to follow. Because understanding code becomes harder, some turn to artificial intelligence systems too frequently. As time passes, personal analytical growth slows under such dependency. Without frequent engagement beyond scheduled lessons, ability to locate faults weakens. Skill advancement depends strongly on individual initiative paired with repeated exercise. Progress requires sustained effort done without guidance from instructors. The study concludes that consistent, self-directed study habits and hands-on practice are critical for skill development. Recommendations include increasing out-of-class coding practice, conducting live skill assessments for future research, and expanding study samples to include other IT-related fields.
Dr (Mrs) Ogbuokiri N.P, Nwankwo George Eberechukw
This study investigated family background and social media usage as correlates of academic performance in Physics among secondary school students in Abia State. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses which were tested at 0.05 level of significance. It adopted a correlational research design. The study population comprised 8,739 students in Senior Secondary II (SS II) in 263 public schools in Abia State, from which 874 students (10%) were selected as a working sample using a multi-stage sampling technique. A researcher developed questionnaire titled Family Background and Social Media Usage Questionnaire (FBSMUQ) was used for the study alongside students’ cumulative Physics results for the 2023/2024 academic session obtained from school records. The instrument was validated by three experts, one from Psychology, one from Guidance and Counselling and one from Measurement and Evaluation in Abia State University, Uturu, and yielded a reliability coefficient above 0.70. Data were analysed using multiple regression to answer the research questions, while the t-test associated with regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that family background especially parental education and social media usage significantly predicted students’ academic performance in Physics, with excessive social media usage predicting performance negatively. The study recommended among others increased parental involvement in students’ academic activities and responsible use of social media to enhance students’ academic performance in Physics.
Sydney Clever Keremah
This paper aims to explore how the adoption of fintech and the financing of startups affect small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria between 2009 and 2024. The analysis is done using Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS), which examine the long-run association between digital financial services and SME credit access. The results indicate that the impact of mobile payments (MPAY) on SME financing is strong and positive, which indicates that the use of digital payment systems enhances the management of money among SMEs and facilitate their financial operations in general. Conversely, web transfers (WAP) are negatively related to SME credit, suggesting that the use of digital transactions can lower the use of traditional borrowing. The impact of inflation (INF) on SME financing is also negative, that is, an increase in prices leads to the increased difficulty in getting credit by SMEs. Interest rates (INT), on the other hand, are not significantly affected in the long-run in the model. The FMOLS findings are generally consistent with these results but with weaker effects with mobile payments, indicating that even though FinTech is positively associated with financial efficiency, its direct influence on formal credit access is not quite significant when other statistical controls are taken into consideration. In general, it can be concluded that FinTech in Nigeria is transforming the way SMEs manage their finances more than it is widening their access to formal credit. It underscores the necessity to simplify fintech platforms and make them more accessible. Additionally, there should be greater regulatory support by governments and other concerned bodies to instill confidence in digital financial services.
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Sheena Mae D. Padrones
This study analyses the lived experiences of novice teachers in entrepreneurial cooperative schools in the Philippines. These schools offer a value-oriented alternative to private schools, especially given that so many teachers are burning out. The research was conducted at one cooperative school in the Quezon IV district of Bukidnon. It addresses a critical gap: these schools offer promising teamwork and fortitude but lack sufficient information about why novice teachers choose them, what problems they face, what they gain, and what advice they offer in resource-minimal settings. The aim was to determine why they chose these jobs, what challenges they faced, what benefits they gained, and what advice they would give others. We intentionally selected 15 novice teachers with less than 2 years of on-the-job experience. We conducted open-ended interviews and analyzed excerpts to identify four main themes. They appreciated team support, shared plans, and encouragement/guidance from experienced teachers to get started. But real issues arise: insufficient supplies or technology, extensive responsibilities, pressure to bring in more students through local outreach, and administrative stagnation. Despite all of these, they emerged more resilient, navigating adversity, taking charge of small projects, and developing intrapreneurial leadership to foster institutional sustainability. Their advice was practical to stay flexible, utilize team capacity, and integrate abstract principles with practical applications. The results show that these schools have significant potential but are underdeveloped. The study calls for better training programs, equitable resource distribution and manageable workloads to retain teachers.
Kadonsi Kaziya, Saima N. Nakala, Sinyama Martone
Private Christian universities in Zambia widen access and offer mission-driven higher education, yet many remain financially fragile because operating income is concentrated in a narrow set of sources, especially tuition and limited sponsor or church support. Anchored in Resource Dependence Theory, this study develops a Zambia-specific resilience model by first diagnosing dependence and vulnerability profiles and then translating the evidence into practical levers for funding stability. A multiple-case design was applied across six private Christian university cases using documentary analysis of institutional financial and enrolment records for 2023–2024, complemented by 28 semi-structured interviews with senior management, finance, admissions, governance, and sponsor stakeholders. Dependence was quantified using revenue composition and concentration metrics, including top-two revenue share and the Hirschman–Herfindahl Index, while vulnerability was assessed through operating margin, cost-to-income ratio, liquidity, tuition arrears, and enrolment sensitivity. The results show a consistently tuition-centred funding structure, with tuition shares ranging from 62 to 88 percent, accompanied by high revenue concentration (top-two share 0.84–0.96; HHI 0.49–0.78). Financial vulnerability is most acute where concentration co-occurs with weak liquidity, thin or negative operating margins, high tuition arrears, and enrolment decline, indicating that cash conversion failures are a principal pathway through which dependence becomes operational instability. The article contributes an evidence-based resilient funding model that integrates portfolio diversification, cash conversion and liquidity discipline, strategic enrolment positioning, governance and stewardship credibility, and cost productivity reforms, supported by a monitoring dashboard of concentration, liquidity, margin, arrears, and retention indicators. The model provides actionable guidance for institutional leaders and councils and highlights policy implications for student financing and the cost structure of compliance in private faith-based higher education.
Rhea Joy S. Alcano
Indigenous learners often encounter significant stress as they transition into unfamiliar urban-based school environments, where differences in culture, language, and academic expectations create multiple challenges. This study aimed to explore the perceived stress, cultural adaptations, and personal growth of Indigenous Peoples (IP) learners who migrated from rural to urban schools, using a qualitative descriptive research design to capture their lived experiences in depth. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve purposively selected participants, ensuring that the information gathered was both relevant and meaningful. Through thematic analysis, the findings revealed that IP learners experienced various forms of stress, including financial constraints, academic adjustments, social pressures, and emotional struggles while studying in urban-based schools. Despite these challenges, the learners demonstrated resilience by employing adaptive strategies such as building peer connections and engaging in self-regulated learning to manage their academic and social demands. These adaptation strategies played a crucial role in helping them navigate their new environment more effectively. Over time, such coping mechanisms contributed to meaningful personal growth, particularly in the development of academic confidence, strengthened resilience, and a greater sense of autonomy in their learning. Based on these findings, the study proposes the use of mediation analysis to examine cultural adaptation as a mediating factor between stress and personal growth. Additionally, exploratory factor analysis is recommended to develop and validate survey instruments grounded in the identified themes, thereby supporting future research and educational interventions designed to enhance the academic experiences and overall well-being of Indigenous learners.
Bakary S. Sonko
Yahya Jammeh's twenty-two-year authoritarian rule in The Gambia came to an end in 2016 with a political transition that was hailed as a new era of accountability and the rule of law. The Janneh Commission of Inquiry (2017–2019), which documented widespread state capture, embezzlement, and illicit asset accumulation and recommended thorough forfeiture and recovery, was essential to this promise. Most of these suggestions were accepted in the government's 2019 White Paper. However, the question of what truly happened to the forfeited assets is still unsettlingly unclear almost ten years after Jammeh's departure. This paper offers the first thorough empirical analysis of the post-Commission asset recovery process, drawing from the 2019 White Paper and the 324-page Final Report of a Special Select Committee of The Gambia's National Assembly (March 2026). It contends that a deep-rooted administrative pathology that persisted through the political shift and methodically undermined each step of the forfeiture and disposal process was the primary cause of the failure of asset recovery rather than a failure of the law. The evidence shows that the promise of accountability has been largely unfulfilled due to an implementation gap caused by a number of factors, including disjointed custodial arrangements, flawed valuation and sales procedures, systematic violations of public finance law, catastrophic record-keeping failures, and lax parliamentary oversight. In order to explain how institutional culture, not just legal frameworks, can sustain impunity and mismanagement even after political transition, the paper develops the concept of "administrative pathology" and provides practical suggestions for bolstering asset recovery mechanisms in fragile democracies.
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Iry Shy Larren A. Tangcawan
This study explored the narratives of non-education JLSS graduates under the DOST-SEI who rendered their mandatory teaching return of service in secondary schools in Bukidnon Province. Using a qualitative descriptive design with reflexive thematic analysis, the study examined their experiences, successes and accomplishments, struggles and challenges, coping strategies, and recommendations in relation to their teaching responsibilities. Fifteen (15) participants were purposively selected based on their eligibility as non-education JLSS graduates currently or previously assigned as secondary school teachers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and written responses, and were analyzed following Braun and Clarke’s (2019) reflexive thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns across participants’ narratives. Findings revealed five major themes. First, participants initially experienced unfamiliar teaching demands and pedagogical challenges due to limited formal training but gradually adapted through experiential learning, collegial support, and institutional assistance. Second, they derived fulfillment primarily from students’ academic growth and personal development. Third, they encountered pedagogical overload and classroom management difficulties, particularly in lesson planning, instructional design, and behavioral management. Fourth, they employed adaptive coping strategies such as peer support, self-directed learning, and work-life balance to sustain teaching effectiveness. Lastly, they strongly advocated for mandatory pre-service pedagogical training, structured mentorship, and flexible program implementation to enhance teaching readiness and support systems. The study concludes that while non-education JLSS graduates initially face significant adjustment challenges, they progressively develop teaching competence through experience and support systems. However, strengthening pre-service training, mentorship, and institutional support is essential to ensure a smoother transition, improved instructional quality, and more effective implementation of the JLSS return of service program.
Dr. Ahmed A M AlAfifi., Dr. Mohammed Jahangir Ali
The study aims examined the green finance mechanisms effect on renewable energy growth, through analyzing the mediating role of Omani smart infrastructure. The study narrowed research gap through linking the three variables together in transitional economies. Oman is considered as a unique case because of its modern legislative environment, which mentioned in the "Sustainability Finance Framework," and within "Vision 2040." The study used a descriptive analytical approach, distributing a Likert scale questionnaire to a purposive sample of 120 experts in the energy and finance sectors, with reliability and validity tests. The significant of study is considered as a benchmark model illustrating how green finance contributes to the digitalization of electricity grids to improve the efficiency of solar and wind energy. The study’s results found that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the availability of green finance tools and the development of smart infrastructure, which accelerates the achievement of net-zero carbon neutrality goals.
James L. Paglinawan, Raniel E. Arnado
This phenomenological study examines mentors' perspectives on preservice teachers' (interns') use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in instructional delivery during practicum in public schools under the DepEd Division of Bukidnon, Philippines. The study details mentors' views on AI in lesson planning, activities, and assessments. It also identifies challenges from AI reliance, including gaps in content depth, learner adaptation, and classroom dynamics. The study reviews strategies, feedback, and interventions to strengthen interns' pedagogical skills alongside AI. A qualitative design captured the lived experiences of 20 purposefully selected mentor teachers. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire via Google Forms. Thematic analysis included transcription, coding, categorization, and theme development. Mentors observed that AI-enhanced lessons were more efficient and engaging, thanks to professional materials such as visuals, quizzes, and presentations. However, they found it hard to judge interns' real abilities because polished outputs often hid weaknesses in critical thinking, personal explanation, and live delivery. Key strategies were oral explanations, contextual adaptation, manual elements, creativity, and post-lesson reflection methods meant to balance technology with human skills. Mentors advised using AI as a preparation aid, not a classroom replacement, and emphasized qualities like empathy, improvisation, and learner connection that are irreplaceable. The study recommends that teacher education institutions and DepEd collaborate on ethical AI training. It also suggests revising practicum evaluations to focus on delivery over aesthetics, requiring AI disclosure and personalization, and creating peer forums to support human-centered teaching amid digital advances.
Liana Musekiwa
Inclusive education represents a vital pathway to social justice by ensuring equitable access to quality learning for all learners, regardless of ability, background, or identity, and by dismantling systemic barriers that perpetuate exclusion. This study adopts a qualitative methods design, employing purposive sampling of educators and learners with disabilities. Data were triangulated through interviews, focus groups, and observations, with thematic analysis used to identify recurring patterns and validate findings across sources. The theoretical framing draws on Critical Pedagogy (Freire), which situates education as a practice of freedom and social transformation; Social Justice Theory (Rawls, Fraser), which emphasizes fairness, redistribution, and recognition; and highlights the expansion of learners’ opportunities and agency. Together, these frameworks illuminate how inclusive education not only promotes classroom participation but also catalyzes broader societal change by fostering dignity, solidarity, and fairness. Findings underscore the importance of teacher training and the integration of assistive technologies in creating accessible learning environments, particularly within Zimbabwean contexts where challenges such as underreporting of disability prevalence, resource constraints, and negative attitudes persist. The presentation argues that inclusive education is both a pedagogical imperative and a social justice agenda, positioning schools as engines of sustainable development and equity. By linking evidence-based strategies with advocacy, the study calls for collaborative action among policymakers, educators, and communities to humanize technical challenges, prioritize accessibility, and ensure that e/very learner matters equally. Ultimately, inclusive education is framed as a transformative pathway that advances social justice, strengthens democratic participation, and contributes to building societies rooted in fairness and respect for diversity.
Kadonsi Kaziya, Saima N. Nakala, Sinyama Martone
This study examined the challenges associated with implementing indigenized mathematics education in Southern Province, Zambia. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected from 55 mathematics teachers through stratified random sampling and qualitative data from 15 purposively selected teachers through semi-structured interviews. The quantitative findings showed that the most strongly perceived challenge was the lack of research and documentation on Indigenous mathematical pedagogies (M = 4.25, SD = 0.87), followed by limited collaboration between mathematics educators and Indigenous communities (M = 4.09, SD = 0.95) and inadequate teacher training and professional development (M = 4.02, SD = 0.92). One-way ANOVA results indicated that educational background significantly influenced teachers’ perceptions of selected challenges, whereas teaching experience did not produce statistically significant differences. Qualitative findings deepened these patterns by revealing the dominance of Western-oriented textbooks, the absence of culturally relevant teaching materials, limited linguistic resources for expressing mathematical concepts in local languages, and the exclusion of Indigenous knowledge holders from curriculum processes. The study concludes that the barriers to indigenizing mathematics education are systemic rather than individual, rooted in weak knowledge infrastructure, insufficient professional preparation, and limited school-community collaboration. It argues that meaningful indigenization requires stronger documentation of Indigenous mathematical knowledge, more robust institutional support, and culturally grounded teacher education.
Iro-Idoro, Charlotte Bose, Jimoh, Ibrahim Bamidele, Kehinde, Oluwatosin Abosede
This study examined influence of Green Office Practices on Information Management of Secretaries in Government parastatal in Ogun State. Green Practices has becoming a global priority in other profession and it is important to look at how this can be applicable to office and information management practices of secretaries in Government parastatals. The study aims to identify the key factors that stimulate green practices within the office environment such as energy-efficient devices, collaborative and communication tools which support secretaries reduces resource consumption, waste generation and conservation impact. The population of this study comprised of Secretaries in Government parastatals in Ogun State. Structured questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. However, Krejcie and Morgan method of sample determination was used for sample size determination at 0.05 margin error. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods of analysis. Findings revealed that Green Office practices is pivotal in information management of secretaries. The paper concludes that Information is a great asset to any organization and it is important that secretaries who are custodians of these information must imbibe the green office habit so as to reduce environmental impact. This will help to reduce paper usage. It was recommended that training on sustainable office practices would improve information management of secretaries
Charles Ogboi, Oluseye Adekunle Elugbaju
This study investigated the baseline and interactive effects of infrastructure financing and institutional quality on poverty reduction in Nigeria. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design, utilizing secondary time-series data covering a twenty-six-year period (1999–2024). Data were analyzed using the Johansen Cointegration test and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression. The baseline OLS regression results (Model 1) revealed that public expenditure on infrastructure had a significant positive impact on per capita income (β = 0.1056, t = 3.1803, p = 0.0043), while unmoderated private investment was statistically insignificant (β = 0.0103, t = 0.6154, p = 0.5446), yielding an R2 of 0.3465 and an F-statistic of 3.8887 (p = 0.0226). However, in the interactive model (Model 2) where financing was moderated by institutional quality, private investment demonstrated a highly significant positive impact on poverty alleviation (β = 3.76E-07, t = 6.5553, p = 0.0000), causing the explanatory power of the model to surge to an R2 of 0.7800 and an F-statistic of 24.8197 (p = 0.0000). Conversely, public expenditure moderated by institutional quality lost its statistical significance (β = 2.77E-06, t = 1.3057, p = 0.2058), exposing a profound public spending paradox where government funds are neutralized by systemic inefficiencies. The study concluded that public capital expenditure is statistically inefficient at reducing poverty in the absence of strong governance, whereas institutionally protected private investment acts as a vital catalyst for wealth creation. Therefore, the study recommends the aggressive promotion of Public-Private Partnerships and the implementation of comprehensive anti-corruption reforms to maximize the macroeconomic impact of infrastructure investments.
Henry Tando, I Gde Nyoman Sangka, I Gede Suputra Widharma, I Ketut Sumadi, I Made Budiada, I Nengah Sunaya, I Nyoman Kiriana
This article explores interreligious communication between Hindu and Muslim communities through a reinterpretation of the classical Hindu communication theory of Sādhāraṇikaraṇa, framed within the lens of Perennial Philosophy. The study investigates how communication strategies rooted in religious traditions contribute to promoting religious moderation in plural societies such as Indonesia. Sādhāraṇikaraṇa, which emphasizes the simplification and universalization of religious messages, is analyzed as a communicative bridge capable of transcending doctrinal boundaries. The research adopts a qualitative approach, combining literature review and in-depth interviews with religious leaders and interfaith communication practitioners. Findings indicate that both Hindu and Islamic communication models emphasize shared spiritual values such as compassion, justice, and peace — values aligned with the universal truths proposed by Perennial Philosophy. These shared foundations support a moderate communication paradigm, fostering dialogue and mutual understanding across religious divides. This study contributes to the global discourse on interfaith communication by offering a cross-cultural theoretical synthesis that integrates Eastern and universalist perspectives.
Nneka Stella Odoh
This paper addresses governance challenges in Nigeria through a semiotic examination of select political cartoons by the prominent Nigerian cartoonist, Mike Asukwo. These cartoons provide a critique of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration. The data consists of 20 political cartoons published in the BusinessDay Newspaper in 2025. A sample size of 4 cartoons were purposively selected and analysed based on their relevance to the topic under study as well as the presence of rich semiotic resources. Roland Barthes’ (1977) model of analysis, particularly his perception of denotation and connotation theories anchored on three levels of signification (linguistic, literal and symbolic) was used as the analytical framework to examine how the verbal and visual elements employed in the cartoons interrogate governance challenges in Nigeria. The analysis revealed the use of caricature, analogies, facial expressions, gestures, and colour as compositional devices at the denoted level to depict objects, ideas, and people that have connections to real-life events and experiences. Also, rhetorical devices like allusion, personification, irony, symbolism, hyperbole, contrast and condensation were used in the cartoons at the linguistic, literal, and symbolic levels to construct humorous satirical messages. Corruption, abuse of power, lack of empathy, and weak public institutions are identified as some of the critical factors that promote bad governance in Nigeria. The study provides a contextual lens for understanding how political cartoons function as a tool for meaning-making and speaking truth to power within the interpretive fields of semiotics and multimodal discourse.
Chukwuemeke Ufeli Ovili, Olubunmi Oluchi Egwu-Chukwu, Oluwapelumi Emmanuel Michael, Osahon James Ediae, Thaddeus Origho
This study investigates the sustainable design strategies implemented in selected youth centers in Nigeria, aiming to evaluate their contribution to environmental sustainability. A systematic review of existing literature served as the primary method for data collection, employing qualitative research techniques. The search utilized multiple search engines, including ResearchGate and Google Scholar, along with additional websites with relevant information on sustainable design strategies in youth centers. This review was limited to publications from the past ten years. The gathered data underwent content analysis, which was subsequently presented through thematic analysis. The findings indicate that none of the case studies sufficiently incorporated all necessary sustainable design strategies, particularly regarding energy efficiency and sustainable site utilization. This research underscores the significance of sustainable design strategies in promoting environmental sustainability in public buildings. Implementing these strategies not only reduces energy consumption but also offers additional environmental benefits, positively affecting both public health and stakeholder finances. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to the development of a framework that empowers building stakeholders to integrate sustainable design strategies at every stage of the building project life-cycle.
Alessandra Joice Cruz, Armie V. Cruz, Gianne Precious V. Cruz, Jayme Ann DC. Santos, Jericho Theod Bartolome, Joel B. Faustino, Joseline M. Santos, Princess Angeli A. Roxas
The integration of EdTech tools in early childhood education involves data-driven resources to provide a meaningful learning experience for children. In line with the Department of Education’s policies on ICT integration, this study aims to design, develop, and validate the LakBayan: An Interactive Digital Storybook. The participants of the study included an intact section of 29 Grade 1 pupils and 6 evaluators. Using a descriptive-developmental design with a quasi-experimental approach, the study first described the learners’ baseline cognitive skills and the systematic development and evaluation process of LakBayan. Results revealed that post-test scores improved after the intervention. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores, evaluating the effectiveness of LakBayan in enhancing the cognitive skills of young learners. The study concludes that LakBayan is a reliable digital resource in ECE, with implications for parent guiding, teacher training, curriculum design, and policy development in the Philippine context.
Jayson C. Talisayon, Mel Louie C. Suarez
This study explored the effectiveness of the Katarungang Pambarangay (KP) process and the challenges encountered based on the perceptions of the Lupong Tagapamayapa in Borongan City. As mandated by Republic Act No. 7160, Katarungang Pambarangay is an approach to resolving disputes in a friendly manner in order to reduce the burden of the judicial courts and promote social harmony in the community. A qualitative case study research design guided the research in gathering data through the use of semi-structured interviews with key informants such as the Punong Barangay, Barangay Secretary, and Lupon member. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the gathered information. Results showed that while Lupon members are familiar with KP procedures, they are not completely knowledgeable about the process due to insufficient training opportunities. Katarungang Pambarangay helps avoid unnecessary litigation expenses, speeds up the process, and bring peace in the community. Nevertheless, the difficulty in resolving emotionally charged cases, the lack of motivation and inadequate training are significant constraints for the process.
Florabel C. Lovido, Revina O. Mendoza
Writing proficiency is a fundamental academic skill that requires the integration of vocabulary knowledge, strategic regulation, and confidence in written communication. However, limited studies have examined the combined roles of lexical competence, metacognitive skills, and writing self-efficacy in relation to writing performance among struggling senior high school writers. This study examined the relationships among lexical competence, metacognitive skills, writing self-efficacy, and writing performance in a group of 149 struggling Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) writers in a selected school in Bukidnon during the School Year 2025–2026. Using a quantitative descriptive–correlational design, data were collected through the Lexical Competence Test, the Metacognitive Strategies of Writing Survey (MSWS), the Questionnaire of English Writing Self-Efficacy (QEWSE), and an analytic rubric for writing performance. Descriptive statistics, canonical correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that participants demonstrated a Fair level of lexical competence, with strength in word formation but weakness in collocation knowledge. Metacognitive skills were High, while writing self-efficacy was Moderate. Writing performance remained at a Fair level. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that lexical competence and metacognitive skills were significantly associated with writing performance, whereas writing self-efficacy was not. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the model was statistically significant; however, only lexical competence emerged as a significant predictor. The findings highlight the role of vocabulary knowledge in writing development. It is recommended that English teachers implement collocation-focused vocabulary instruction and structured writing supports to improve learners’ writing performance.
Modou A. Sambou, Qorban Ali Nikzad, Yankuba Camara
This study examines how proficiency in Chinese language functions as a form of economic capital for alumni returnees from universities in mainland China. The study explores the processes through which proficiency in Chinese language is acquired and the ways in which it is mobilized non-Chinese speakers who studied in China to secure employment in home-country labor markets as well as the sectors that offer them employment. Anchored in Bourdieu’s theory of capital, the research conceptualizes language proficiency as a form of linguistic capital that can be converted into economic outcomes under specific social and structural conditions. The study employs qualitative case study design with snowball sampling to involve 23 participants. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and data was analysed using thematic approach. The findings reveal that the acquisition of proficiency Chinese is a cumulative and context-dependent process shaped by four key pathways which are structured classroom learning, immersive social interaction, self-directed learning practices, and engagement in academic and professional contexts. In terms of employment outcomes, the study identifies four primary mechanisms through which returnees convert their linguistic capital into economic capital which are direct recruitment by Chinese firms, the mobilization of alumni and professional networks, the strategic use of Chinese proficiency as a competitive advantage in the labor market, and the creation of entrepreneurial opportunities in translation and intermediary services. Five major sectors of employment, construction, trade and logistics, technology and telecommunications, translation services, and manufacturing, within which returnees predominantly occupy intermediary roles bridging Chinese and local actors. The findings demonstrates the growing importance of Chinese language skills as a strategic resource for employability in an increasingly interconnected global economy.
Mohd Zul Amirul Izwan bin Mat Deraseh, Muammar Ghaddafi Hanafiah
This study was conducted to analyze local wisdom in the management of domestic landscapes among the Malay community in Kelantan, focusing on the sustainability and functionality of house yards. Although the Kelantan Malay community is often associated with strong religious beliefs through the title 'Serambi Mekah' (Veranda of Mecca), the physical outdoor space of their homes is rarely viewed as a manifestation of systematic and holistic cultural wisdom. Therefore, this article aims to dissect how the yard is managed not merely for its aesthetic value but as a strategic zone that supports survival and reflects the local community's worldview. The methodology employs a qualitative approach with an ethnographic design through field research in the Kota Bharu District. Data was obtained via observation and semi-structured interviews with 7 informants, comprising local residents and mosque imams. The data was then analyzed thematically using the Malay Hygiene Model as the primary analytical instrument, which encompasses the concepts of Islamic cleanliness, social civilization, local wisdom and the traditional Malay house. The findings indicate that the management of this community's domestic landscape is centered on systematic spatial division. The front yard functions as an ecological and social buffer zone through the use of materials like white gravel. The side yard is optimized not only as a utility transition space but also acts as a "third space" and a visual privacy boundary for the family. Meanwhile, the back yard exhibits high local wisdom through the integration of a mini edible garden, the application of ethnobotanical knowledge for traditional food packaging materials and a sustainable food waste disposal cycle via small-scale domestic animal farming. The study concludes that yard management in Kelantan is a sustainable form of cultural technology that guarantees the sustainability of logistical resources, ecological balance, and the architectural identity of the nation.
Amusa, S.O, Fadiji, A.A, Fatoki, M. S, Ganiyu, Y.A
This study investigates the stochastic behavior of rainfall in Nigeria using probabilistic modeling and Markov chain analysis. Recognizing the critical role of rainfall in agriculture, water resource management, and urban planning, the project captures inherent randomness, seasonal variability, and long-term trends in precipitation patterns. Monthly rainfall data from selected Nigerian cities were analyzed with WinQSB software to develop transition probability matrices for defined rainfall states: low, moderate, heavy, very heavy, and extremely heavy. The study derives transition probabilities, steady-state distributions, and recurrence times for different rainfall intensities. Analysis reveals significant persistence in low rainfall states and varied probabilities for transitions to higher intensities, offering insights into the likelihood of extreme rainfall events. Steady-state probabilities indicate the long-term frequency of each rainfall category, while recurrence times measure the average duration between similar events. Results confirm that Markov chain models are effective tools for predicting rainfall variability in a region characterized by climatic uncertainty. These findings have significant implications for enhancing early warning systems, optimizing agricultural practices, and guiding water resource management policies in Nigeria. Recommendations for future research include integrating hybrid models that combine traditional stochastic methods with machine learning techniques to further refine rainfall predictions and support adaptive climate strategies.
James L. Paglinawan, Juren B. Ampong
This qualitative study looks at the real-life stories of fourteen mothers who are taking graduate studies while also caring for their families and working. Using a phenomenological approach, answers were gathered through Google Forms and then studied to find common themes. The results show four main areas: reasons for studying, challenges faced, strategies used, and advice for other mothers. The mothers shared that they study to grow in their careers, improve themselves, and inspire their children. These reasons connect with Knowles’ (1980) idea that adult learners are goal-driven and Ryan and Deci’s (2000) theory that people are motivated when they feel capable and free to choose. The mothers also talked about struggles with time, tiredness, stress, and money, which match Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) view that stress happens when demands are greater than resources, and Hobfoll’s (1989) idea that stress comes when personal energy and support are drained. To cope, they use schedules, set priorities, and ask for family help, which agrees with CohenMiller et al. (2022) and Cantero et al. (2024) who found that organization and support are key for student-mothers. The study concludes that while mothers face many challenges, their strength, discipline, and support systems help them succeed. It also suggests that schools and policymakers should give flexible programs and more support to mothers in graduate studies.
Pham Nhan Hoa
Assessing the seismic vulnerability of modern structural systems traditionally relies on idealized Fixed Base Building assumptions, which inherently neglect the critical flexibility introduced by the foundation and the surrounding geotechnical environment. This assumption can lead to significant miscalculations in structural demand and capacity. This paper presents an advanced computational framework that integrates a lumped parameter Soil-Structure Interaction model with Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis to evaluate the true seismic capacity of three-dimensional spatial frames. By representing the multi-layered soil-pile system as a condensed network of dynamic springs and dashpots, the study bridges complex substructure dynamics with performance-based capacity evaluation methodologies. A 9-story steel benchmark building, subjected to varying non-uniform soil conditions, is utilized to demonstrate the proposed analytical framework. The numerical investigation reveals that foundation flexibility significantly alters the fundamental dynamic characteristics of the structural system. In the nonlinear regime, Soil-Structure Interaction significantly shifts the target roof displacement, exacerbates P-Delta effects due to rigid-body base rotation, and redistributes the formation sequence of plastic hinges compared to the conventional Fixed Base Building model. Furthermore, analysis indicates up to a 17.3% increase in column base shear demands under specific soft-soil pile group configurations. The findings provide vital recommendations for structural design engineers, emphasizing that the rigid base assumption may non-conservatively estimate story drift, ultimate ductility, and the overall collapse mechanism of earthquake-resistant high-rise structures.
Cynthia S. Superable, Isabel Ma. Kaye L. Dagpin
Operating room nurses are responsible for maintaining strict aseptic procedures to prevent surgical site infections. Understanding the role of their training and work experience is essential in examining factors that influence adherence to these practices. This study looked into the operating room nurses’ training and work experience on aseptic procedures adherence among nurses in Zamboanga del Norte. This study employed a descriptive-correlational design and was conducted in three hospitals in Zamboanga del Norte. Using purposive sampling, 120 operating room nurses from selected public and private hospitals were selected as respondents. Data were gathered through validated questionnaires on OR nurses’ training, work experience and adherence to aseptic procedures. Statistical analyses including average weighted mean, Pearson’s r correlation and regression analysis were used to interpret the findings. The study found that nurses perceived their operating room training as very adequate and their work experience as very great extent. All adherence indicators were rated very high, reflecting strong awareness of infection risks. Strong positive correlations were observed between OR training and adherence domains, while work experience was positively associated with compliance to aseptic procedures. Communication skills, confidence in decision-making, clinical judgment and team collaboration were identified as key predictors of adherence to aseptic practices. It is concluded that OR training and work experience enhance nurses’ skills and awareness, while judgment, proficiency and teamwork promote adherence to aseptic procedures. Operating Room nurses may engage in training, hands-on experience and teamwork to enhance skills and adherence to aseptic procedures. Infection prevention education may be reinforced and future research should examine team dynamics and leadership in sustaining aseptic practices.
Dr. ADEGOKE Sunmola Kadiri, Professor ADEPOJU Taiwo Lanre (PhD)
The significant contribution of a well-planned investment in education to industrial revolution is very obvious, considering the rate at which countries like Japan, China and other industrialized countries rose to their enviable state of industrial and economic development today. Unlike the Developed Countries (DCs), Third World Countries or Less Developed Countries (LDCs) are facing several challenges. Among the challenges are poor educational planning and implementations of policy statements. Such challenges have indeed impeded the expected industrial revolution and economic development in the affected countries. By implication, there is no short-cut to development in whatever form. A country that adequately plans and invests substantially in human capital will develop rapidly. The human capital theorists have also subscribed to this thesis. This paper is an explorative analysis that examines the influence which effective educational planning could have on industrial revolution and economic development in Nigeria. Some issues and challenges in respect to industrial revolution and economic development were also discussed in the paper. It also examines the status of higher education and holders of higher education degrees in Nigeria vis-à-vis her economic development. The paper finally presents some conditions that should be considered for effective planning of higher education towards possible industrial revolution and economic development in Nigeria.
M Al-Imran Yasin, Md Rozalafri Johori, Nor Azura Adzharuddin
This study examines the influence of the political economy of media on the dual role of Islamic television broadcasting in Malaysia, which functions as both a religious institution and a commercial industry. However, previous studies have focused more on program content and da‘wah messages, while empirical investigations remain limited on how the structure of political economy shapes the institutional and industrial roles of Islamic television. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of commodification, structuration, and spatialization on the institutional roles and the industrial roles of Islamic television broadcasting in Malaysia. This study employed a qualitative phenomenological design, with data collected through 22 in-depth interviews involving producers, station management, and Islamic television personalities, supported by a focus group discussion (FGD) with four informants consisting of an Islamic TV personality, two academics in broadcasting, and senior station management, as well as field observations. Data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti version 7.1, while the validity of findings was strengthened through data and method triangulation as well as informant verification (member-checking). The findings show that commodification turns Islamic content, broadcast slots, and religious personalities into commodities; structuration reflects the influence of government regulation, partisan politics, and institutional governance in shaping the identity of Islamic television; while spatialization emphasizes digital reach, audience interactivity, and narrowcasting strategies. In conclusion, the three dimensions of the political economy of media create tension between the ideals of da‘wah and the realities of commercialization, thereby demanding a more sustainable institutional–industrial balance to ensure the continuity of Islamic broadcasting in Malaysia.
Kamau David Mwangi, Patrick Dan Mukhongo
The general objective of this study was to examine the influence of process integration on implementation of affordable housing construction projects in Mombasa County, Kenya. This study was anchored by contingency theory and adopted cross-sectional survey research design. The target population of the study consisted of six (6) major affordable housing construction projects being implemented in Mombasa County, Kenya, and those formed the unit of analysis. The target population was considered to be appropriate because of the uniqueness and contemporary nature of the projects, given the publicity and push by the central government. Primary data was collected by use of structured questionnaires from specialist staff, consultants and contractors’ representatives who formed the unit of observation. Pilot testing was undertaken using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26, to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The study used proportionate stratified random sampling to select study respondents. The significance of the statistical model was tested through analysis of variance where beta coefficient showed the change in dependent variable for one unit change in the independent variable and assisted in drawing conclusions for the study. The study found that process integration influenced implementation of affordable housing construction projects in Mombasa County, Kenya noting that most project institutions had clear project objectives. The study recommended the adoption of process integration in implementation of affordable housing construction projects since it bridges the gap between planning and execution, reducing cost overruns and delays.
Janet Asenwa Lunayo, Kenneth Luseno Andanyi
As a component of the global cooperative system, consumer cooperatives in Kenya play a significant role in the execution of national social and economic policies. Financial institutions have adapted to change by taking advantage of the opportunities provided by information and technology. Financial innovations that are embraced by Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs) include the creation of new goods and innovative methods of product delivery to consumers. Consumer cooperatives in Kenya play a crucial role in implementing national social and economic policies, particularly through Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs). These financial institutions have adapted to changes by leveraging information technology to create innovative products and improve delivery methods. However, SACCOs face stiff competition from commercial banks and microfinance institutions. The study sought to investigate the relationship between financial innovations and the financial performance of SACCOs, focusing on their impact before, during, and after the pandemic. Utilizing panel data methodology, the study analyzed 45 registered Deposit Taking SACCOs in Nairobi City County from 2018 to 2022, employing secondary data to draw conclusions. The findings revealed a negative correlation between product innovations and financial performance, indicated by negative coefficients in Return on Assets (ROA). To SACCO effectiveness, the study recommends several strategies. It emphasizes the need for public education on internet banking and suggests that SACCOs develop more user-friendly, multifunctional products to better meet customer needs. Investing in information and communication technology (ICT) for process automation is also vital to streamline operations. Additionally, improving marketing techniques is essential to enhance customer experience, reduce wait times, and minimize inefficiencies. SACCOs are encouraged to adopt innovative financial strategies to boost overall productivity, profitability, and market share. The regulatory body, SASRA, should implement effective regulations and monitoring systems to support these innovations. Overall, the study highlights the importance of ongoing innovation and effective management in improving the financial performance of SACCOs within a competitive landscape.
Ayodeji Bolanle Balogun, Olufunke Adewunmi Ayegbusi
Practical work is a critical component of engineering education, yet there is a scarcity of psychometrically sound instruments to measure student attitudes toward it, especially in non-Western contexts. This study addresses this gap by developing and validating a new instrument, the Engineering Students’ Attitudes Toward Practical Work (ESAPW) questionnaire, within the Nigerian higher education system. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a multidimensional instrument to measure the attitudes of engineering students toward practical work in Nigeria, and to identify the key factors that shape these attitudes. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 338 engineering students at a large Nigerian polytechnic. The 30-item ESAPW questionnaire was developed through a rigorous process of item generation, expert review, and pilot testing. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify the underlying factor structure of the instrument, and Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess its reliability. The EFA revealed a clear four-factor structure, explaining 69.8% of the total variance: (1) Instructor Quality and Pedagogical Effectiveness (42.9%), (2) Resource Adequacy and Institutional Support (15.2%), (3) Learning Environment and Atmosphere (6.6%), and (4) Student Self-Efficacy and Engagement (5.4%). The overall reliability of the instrument was excellent (α = 0.931), and the subscales also showed high reliability (α = 0.78-0.96). The ESAPW questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring engineering students’ attitudes toward practical work in the Nigerian context. The findings highlight the primacy of instructor quality in shaping student attitudes, while also underscoring the importance of resource adequacy, the learning environment, and student self-efficacy. The instrument provides a valuable tool for educators, researchers, and policymakers to assess and improve the quality of practical work in engineering education.
Mohsena Akter
Teacher professional development (PD) is widely regarded as important for enhancing the quality of teaching, yet its influence on day-to-day classroom work in Bangladesh is inconsistent. This study investigates how primary teachers understand the training they receive and how far they are able to use it in their regular lessons. The study followed a qualitative approach and drew on semi-structured interviews with ten teachers alongside twenty-five classroom observations in government primary schools across urban and semi-urban settings. The findings indicate that PD encourages teachers to plan lessons more deliberately, focus more clearly on learning objectives, experiment with interactive strategies, manage classrooms more confidently, and use formative assessment more regularly. Even so, the extent to which these practices appear in classrooms varies from teacher to teacher. Large class sizes, limited teaching resources, pressure to cover the curriculum, and the absence of structured follow-up support often make it difficult for teachers to apply what they learned during training. Many teachers also remarked that PD sessions tend to describe ideal situations that do not match the realities they face. The study suggests that although PD strengthens pedagogical awareness, its impact depends on continuous guidance, supportive school conditions, and training models that reflect the actual context of primary classrooms. Bringing together teachers’ reflections with observed practice, the study points to the need for school-based professional learning, collaborative support, and practical follow-up processes to narrow the gap between training and classroom implementation.
Technics Ikechi Nwosu
Civic responsibility in Africa has historically been conceived through the moral and political frameworks of participatory democracy, legal consciousness, and community ethics. However, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) demands a radical reimagination of what it means to be a civic actor on the African continent. The emerging paradigm, represented by the Child-Author Development Programme (CADP), positions scientific literacy and technological creativity as essential civic competences. This reconceptualization transforms civic engagement into a domain of scientific problem-solving, technological stewardship, and knowledge-based innovation. Within this framework, civic virtue is no longer measured solely by one’s political participation but by one’s capacity to produce knowledge, innovate technologies, and mobilize science for social transformation. This paper advances a theoretical expansion of civic responsibility through the lens of Science, Technology, and Society (STS) studies, proposing Scientific Leadership as a new civic identity for Africa’s emerging citizens. It analyzes the CADP model as a decolonial civic pedagogy that unites African Science Fiction, technological nationalism, and civic education to cultivate scientific consciousness in children and adolescents. By situating CADP within Africa’s epistemic struggle for technological independence, the paper argues that civic education must evolve beyond governance instruction to become an intellectual infrastructure for Africa’s scientific sovereignty. In redefining civic responsibility as scientific leadership, CADP models an indigenous civic-educational framework for Africa’s 21st-century renaissance.
Hoang Thi Thu Huyen, Nguyen Thi Hien
In the contemporary development context, sustainable development is no longer viewed merely as a policy goal of a guiding nature; rather, it has become an intrinsic requirement of the organization and functioning of the national economy. In Vietnam, alongside the significant achievements of the renovation process, development practice has also generated an imperative to further reform economic institutions in order to address bottlenecks in resource allocation, improve the quality of growth, ensure social progress, and strengthen adaptive capacity in the face of environmental, technological, and international integration challenges. Against this backdrop, the article focuses on clarifying the role of economic institutions in sustainable development, while also analyzing the historical context that has given rise to the need for economic institutional reform in contemporary Vietnam. On that basis, it assesses the current state of economic institutional reform within Vietnam’s sustainable development strategy and proposes several solutions for further improving economic institutions in a coherent, modern, and effective manner, consistent with the country’s objective of achieving rapid and sustainable development.
Marilou D. Junsay, Teresita Q. Adriano
Effective functional literacy instruction for learners with atypical language development is strengthened by deliberately integrating core teaching strategies that enhance accessibility, engagement, and meaningful learning outcomes. Employing a qualitative single case study design, this study explored the practices of five purposively selected special education teachers from Central Elementary School Special Education Centers in the Davao Region, with five master teachers serving as key informants for triangulation. Data gathered through in-depth and key informant interviews revealed that teachers consistently implement essential strategies, including multisensory, scaffolded, differentiated, communication-oriented, and functional curriculum-based instruction. These findings underscore that effective functional literacy instruction is grounded in the consistent and purposeful application of these core strategies, enabling more responsive, inclusive, and meaningful learning experiences for learners with atypical language development.
David Kariuki, Kene Mothabane, Susan Ngunu
Research on academic achievement has shown a global decline in performance. A similar trend is evident in the North East region of Botswana, where form five students have experienced a drop in academic outcomes. This poor performance has led to many students missing opportunities to progress to tertiary institutions for further studies. Consequently, this study sought to examine the relationship between students’ sense of belonging and academic performance among form five students in the North East region of Botswana. The study was anchored in the self-determination theory proposed by Deci and Ryan (2000). A correlational research design using a quantitative approach was adopted. The target population consisted of 2,632 form five students drawn from all three public senior secondary schools, while the sample included 407 students from these schools. Sampling techniques applied were purposive sampling, proportionate stratified sampling, and simple random sampling. Data collection instruments included the Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale (PSSMS) developed by Goodenow (1993) and students’ academic records. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 25. Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis was used to test the hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05. The findings indicated that students’ sense of belonging (r = .289, p < .001) had a significant positive correlation with academic performance. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers and counsellors foster collaborative learning environments through structured group projects and mentorship programs that deliberately encourage positive peer relationships and support academic collaboration among students.
Fr. Jaime Del Rosario, OMI, Laurence Nichol B. Bedia, Recris C. Alsola
This study investigates whether remembering and forgiving can be elevated as categorical imperatives under Kantian ethics. Philosophical discourse usually describes remembering and forgiving as interpretative, therapeutic, or social actions; however, their status as universal moral obligations is not clearly explained. This research aims to provide a synthesis based on the philosophical views of Paul Ricoeur and Immanuel Kant, demonstrating how remembering and forgiving can serve as categorical imperatives grounded in human dignity. Ricoeur’s hermeneutic approach perceives remembering and forgiving as ethical actions grounded in narrative identity, acknowledgment of suffering, and the opportunity for moral renewal. Still, his framework primarily maintains an interpretive and descriptive perspective. Kant’s deontological ethics, on the other hand, proposes a normative framework through the categorical imperative, establishing moral duty in reason and moral law. This study employs a philosophical methodology, specifically conceptual analysis and a dialectic approach to examine the ethical tensions and convergences between these two philosophical traditions. The research demonstrates that human dignity represents the key ethical principle for the integration of Ricoeur’s hermeneutic perspective with Kant’s deontological framework. This synthesis contends that remembering provides a moral obligation that protects truth, justice, and dignity of victims, while forgiving is described as an imperfect duty that enables reconciliation and healing. By positioning these ethical actions in human dignity, the study contributes to philosophical discourse by giving a synthesized normative ethical framework for addressing the moral issues created by historical injustices and collective tragedies.
Carl Vincent B. Cowas, James L. Paglinawan
This study examined the influence of resource allocation and collaborative learning expertise on the data-driven decision-making competency of basic education teachers in Kibawe, Bukidnon during the school year 2025–2026. A descriptive-correlational design was used with 302 teachers from public and private schools. Data were analyzed using mean, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression, with additional diagnostics to ensure model validity. Findings showed high levels across all variables, with significant relationships observed. Collaborative learning expertise demonstrated a stronger association (r = .853) compared to resource allocation (r = .570). Regression results revealed that supportive structures and shared professional practices significantly predict competency. However, the consistently high mean scores suggest possible social desirability bias. The study highlights the importance of collaborative professional environments in strengthening teachers’ data use. It contributes to the growing literature on data-driven decision-making by emphasizing the role of organizational learning in basic education contexts.
Chalco Bravo F., De la Cruz Montes D, De la Cruz Montoya David, Lopez Almeida M, Lopez Galan E., Ramos Vasquez A.
Risk management is vital in any organization, as the proper identification, assessment, and mitigation of potential impacts can ensure business continuity and sustainability. It is necessary to identify and control threats that arise in the company’s day-to-day operations in a timely manner; therefore, this study aims to establish the relationship between risk management and operational continuity at a poultry company in Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru. A quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional approach was employed. The dimensions of risk management were evaluated to determine the company’s ability to maintain stable operations in the face of adverse events. Duly validated and structured questionnaires were administered to a representative sample, and the data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The findings indicated significant positive correlations between operational continuity and each of the dimensions of risk management. More specifically, risk assessments proved to be the dimension most positively correlated (r = 0.888, p = 0.000), followed by risk identification (r = 0.878, p = 0.000). These findings justify the need to emphasize processes for managing risks in a more structured and standardized manner, such as those prescribed by the International Standards ISO 31000 and ISO 22301. It was concluded that special attention must be paid to how risks are managed, as this is critical to the company’s growth and sustainability.
Dagba, B. J, Ekpah, M, Inyommom, A. E, James, A. J.
The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education has emerged as a critical strategy for enhancing institutional performance, reputation, and competitiveness. In Nigeria, universities face increasing pressure to improve research output, operational efficiency, and stakeholder engagement, all of which influence national and international ranking. This study examines the role of AI in analysing and monitoring the reputation and ranking of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi, with the objective of assessing the effect of AI tools for data analysis and performance monitoring on university ranking and the extent to which AI-driven reputation and sentiment analysis influences stakeholders’ perceptions. The study is anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which posits that perceived usefulness and ease of use determine the adoption of technology and its subsequent impact on organisational outcomes. A documentary research design was adopted, utilizing secondary data including administrative records, published ranking reports, AI implementation documents, and stakeholder feedback from 2019 to 2024. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative insights from reports were subjected to thematic content analysis. Findings indicate that AI adoption has significantly improved research productivity, administrative efficiency, and national ranking, demonstrating a positive relationship between AI tools and institutional performance metrics. Similarly, AI-based reputation and sentiment analysis enhanced stakeholder perception, with measurable improvements in student satisfaction, alumni engagement, and public/media sentiment, resulting in a strengthened institutional reputation. Based on these findings, the study recommends sustained investment in AI infrastructure, capacity-building initiatives for staff, and the implementation of comprehensive AI-driven reputation management systems to optimise institutional performance and stakeholder engagement. The study concludes that AI is a strategic tool for advancing both tangible outcomes such as ranking and intangible outcomes such as reputation in Nigerian universities.
Galang, Dandee N., Narciso, Andrei Rosewell A., Navarra Lech Walesa M., Ocampo, Clarence S., Valencia, Jessie Gerald N
Smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) has emerged as a cost-effective and portable alternative to conventional fundus cameras, particularly in low-resource and underserved areas. Traditional retinal imaging systems are often expensive, bulky, and require trained specialists, limiting access to early detection of diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Although smartphones offer a practical solution due to their accessibility and compatibility with telemedicine, challenges remain in terms of image quality, standardization, and the applicability of artificial intelligence (AI) models. This study utilized a systematic review and gap analysis of existing literature on smartphone-based fundus imaging. Relevant studies were collected from electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and selected Philippine medical journals. A purposive sampling approach was applied to select studies focusing on SBFI systems, imaging techniques, and AI applications. Data were extracted using a standardized format and analyzed through descriptive and thematic methods to identify patterns, performance outcomes, and research gaps. The findings show that SBFI can achieve diagnostic performance comparable to conventional fundus cameras, with several studies reporting high sensitivity and specificity in detecting retinal diseases. Low-cost imaging solutions, such as 3D-printed adapters and handheld lenses, demonstrated feasibility in both clinical and community settings. However, variability in image quality, limited field of view, and dependence on operator skill were consistently observed. Most studies relied on manual grading, with limited use of AI for automated analysis. Key barriers include lack of standardized imaging protocols, inconsistent image quality, and limited validation of AI models for smartphone images. SBFI is a promising tool for expanding retinal screening in low-resource settings. However, improvements in image standardization, AI adaptability, and implementation strategies are necessary to support wider adoption.
Dr. (Mrs.) N. P. Ogbuokiri, Eke Ifeoma
The study investigated Social Factors as Predictor of Premarital sex among Secondary School Adolescents in South-East in Nigeria. One research question guided the study and one hypothesis were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study employed a correlational survey design as the study sought to investigate relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The population of the study comprised 78,740 senior secondary school (SS II) students in the 1,230 public secondary schools in South East States of Nigeria. The sample for the study was two thousand four hundred and forty-one (2,441) students selected using stratified random sampling techniques. A researcher developed questionnaire titled “Social Factors Questionnaire (SFQ) and premarital sex Questionnaire (PSQ) was used for the study and was validated by three lecturers from the Department of Psychological Foundations Facility of Education, Abia State University, Uturu. The instrument yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.91 which implied that the instrument was reliable for the study. Research question was answered using simple linear regression, while t-test statistics associated with regression analysis was used to test hypotheses at 0,05 level of significance. The findings from the study reveal among others that family structure predicts premarital sex to a high extent among secondary school adolescent. Again, the corresponding hypotheses show that family structure significantly predicts adolescent involvement in premarital sex in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended among other things that schools should educate parents aboutadolescent’s development, communication, and how their attitudes, values influence their children sexual behaviour.
Maradoni Louisse A. Ambrad
The increasing emphasis on student-centered quality assurance in higher education necessitates systematic evaluation of academic programs, particularly in technology-oriented disciplines. This study assesses student satisfaction within the Bachelor of Science in Computer Science (BSCS) Department of North Negros College, Inc., focusing on curriculum, facilities, and faculty performance as key determinants of academic productivity and service quality. Grounded in established Information Systems and organizational performance frameworks—including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Task–Technology Fit (TTF), and the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model—the study examines how instructional delivery, learning infrastructure, and program design influence overall student experience. A descriptive-evaluative design was employed using survey data from 105 students out of a total population of 331 (31.72% response rate). The instrument demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach’s α = .966). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, subgroup comparisons, and multiple regression modeling. Results indicate consistently high satisfaction across domains, with faculty performance emerging as the strongest predictor of overall satisfaction (β = .680, p < .001), followed by facilities (β = .202, p < .05), while curriculum showed no significant predictive effect when controlling for other variables. Findings suggest that while the department has achieved functional effectiveness in delivering academic services, its performance is shaped by contextual factors such as instructional quality and infrastructure adequacy. The study offers evidence-based recommendations for targeted improvements in faculty development, facility enhancement, and curriculum alignment to support sustained institutional growth and competitiveness.
Dr. Anjali Karolia, Dr. Priyanka Kumari
The word ‘craft’ itself symbolizes a construct of sustainability. Though, the extent of sustainability depends on numerous factors like material, production technique, product quality, fair wages and many more. Today we can see a tremendous upsurge in demand of indigenous products. These consumers are more sensitive and mindful not only towards product but also towards product production process and associated narratives. Due to this, greater number of artisans and designers are coming together for cocreation which is opening new avenues for craft appropriation and co-learning. This is changing the traditional pedagogy of knowledge sharing, knowledge creation and helping in foundation of better-knit, self-sufficient inclusive society. In this study, researcher has shared her lived experiences of cocreation with a Mashru weaver - Babu bhai Manodia from Bhujodi village of Kutch district of Gujarat. The entire narration is based on a socio-ecological prototyping of Mashru fabric where a small motif was developed to understand its technical know-how and design possibility. Due to limitation of shafts in existing pit loom, this frugal approach was adopted. With the existing materials from immediate surrounding, product prototype was created. It was an experiential approach of inclusive cocreation that foster indigenous innovation and combine technical, social, and ecological component for interventions that deepen equity, resilience, and sustainability. This experience enabled smooth sharing of tacit and design knowledge between the artisan and designer at same level and space. It helped in appropriating knowledge and skill from simple to complex level.
Danilo Daclan Caburnay, Maria Araceli Carrasco-Juliano, Mokaliden Sali Aron
This study explored the teachers’ adaptations to administrative shifts in Al-Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia which focused on changes in organizational practices, management principles, and school policies. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, semi-structured online interviews were conducted among purposively selected Filipino teachers with at least one school year of teaching experience. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis using NVivo software to identify recurring patterns and emerging themes related to administrative shifts, professional growth, roles and responsibilities, teaching, and cultural integration. Findings revealed that Filipino teachers moved from flexible to structured systems with centralized scheduling, collaborative planning, multilingual communication, and technology integration, which developed accountability, efficiency, and expectations to institutional goals. Teachers showed resilience through time management, peer collaboration, mentorship, and continuous professional learning despite challenges such as language barriers and curriculum changes. Complying to local norms indicated cultural sensitivity and fostered smooth integration into the new working environment. Moreover, teachers’ confidence, engagement, and performance were strengthened through supportive leadership, clear policy communication, and motivational practices. The study highlights that structured administrative support along with teachers’ adaptations transform challenges into opportunities for innovation, skill development, and professional advancement. It emphasizes the significance of orientation, mentorship, lifelong learning, and mindset preparation as key strategies for sustainable adaptation. These findings provide a model for enhancement of effective onboarding and support systems that help teacher retention, well- being, and productivity in multicultural educational contexts.
Hanifah Jambari, Jamilah Ahmad, Mohamad Rasidi Pairan, Nur Hazirah Noh@Seth, Nurul Aini Mohd Ahyan, Nurul Amira Mohd Shah
Technical skills involve the knowledge and mastery of a particular field especially in areas that deal with methods, process, procedures and techniques. This research was carried out to determine the degree of; knowledge, skills, and constraints of the teachers in the subject of Technical Skills in Design and Technology, Electrical and Electronics. A quantitative survey was the research methodology that was adopted in this study. The sample size of this study was 160 teachers of secondary schools in the southern region of Malaysia. The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions in a 5-point Likert scale. The suitability of the questionnaire developed was identified by carrying out a pilot study. The findings of the pilot study revealed that the reliability that was derived out of the Alpha value of Cronbach was 0.94. The Statistical Package of the Social Sciences was used to analyse the data and provide the frequency, percentage, standard deviation and mean scores value. The results revealed that the level of mean is high in all the variables with the level of knowledge of the teachers having a mean of 3.86 and a standard deviation of 0.95, the level of technical skills of the teachers having a mean of 3.87 and a standard deviation of 0.98 and the constraint the Design and Technology (RBT) teachers face having a mean of 4.82 and a standard deviation of 0.40. The overall findings are that Technical Skills with the Design and Technology subject in the Electrical and Electronics subtopic is at high level with a mean score of 4.82 and standard deviation of 0.40. This implies that teachers have good background knowledge in Electrical and Electronics subtopic, but they might be having challenges in implementing the knowledge to practical context because of some limitations.
Dr. Mirza Juned Beg
This research article explores the disability rights in India, and their right to inclusion, shedding light on the arduous pursuit of full inclusion. It examines the dynamic path toward enabling persons with disabilities to assert their legitimate position in society through a tapestry of legislative frameworks, cultural paradigms, and revolutionary initiatives. The study highlights achievements while critically analyzing remaining gaps, revealing the complex relationship between constitutional promises and actual conditions on the ground. This academic journey, which embodies optimism and resiliency, emphasizes the necessity of creating an inclusive future where everyone may flourish and overcome obstacles with unflinching resolve. This insightful study examines through empirical research how the revolutionary effects of India’s Accessible India Campaign, a pioneering step toward integrating inclusion into society at large. It highlights how this admirable program supports the rights of people with disabilities, elevating their pursuit of dignity, independence, and equal participation via a careful analysis of policies and lived experiences. The study eloquently illustrates the fabric of advancement, stressing both recent successes and lingering obstacles in achieving the right to inclusion. As a ray of hope and transformation, the campaign ushers in a new era where each person’s special talents are valued, creating an India that is genuinely open and equal to everyone.
Dr. Hitesh N. Dave
This research paper investigates a profound and largely unexplored question: whether the pervasive phenomenon of marital conflict particularly over trivial matters finds its metaphysical roots in Hindu Puranic literature, divine curses, cosmic design, and the ordained dysfunction of the Kaliyuga era. Drawing upon primary textual sources including the Shiva Purana, Bhagavata Purana, Devi Bhagavata, Mahabharata, Ramayana, and Manusmriti, this paper examines how ancient Indian texts not only documented divine marital strife but may have prophesied its inheritance by human couples. The paper further applies a comparative sociological lens to argue that the transition from pre-marital companionship to post-marital cohabitation creates a structural rupture one that ancient seers perhaps intuited through mythological narrative. The convergence of Puranic prophecy, psychological theory, and lived social reality suggests that marital discord is neither accidental nor merely modern; it may be cosmically embedded in the fabric of human existence as ordained by divine design.
Abdulrahman Aliyu, Jaafar Joshuwa Zongola, Salamatu Umar
This study examines the effects of climate change and armed banditry on household food security, while accounting for the role of livelihood characteristics and coping responses. Using primary data from a 2025 field survey, a Food Security Index was constructed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was applied to assess causal relationships, and descriptive analysis was used to document household coping strategies. The PCA results indicate that the first principal component explains 56.8% of the total variation in food security indicators, with a cumulative explained variance of 71.1%, suggesting that meal frequency, dietary diversity, perceived food sufficiency, food expenditure share, and months of food shortage are robust measures of household food security. SEM results reveal that climate change and banditry have significant and negative effects on food security, while climate change also significantly increases the incidence of banditry. In contrast, farm size and off-farm income positively and significantly enhance household food security. The interaction effect between climate change and banditry further exacerbates food insecurity, highlighting their reinforcing impact. The model demonstrates an acceptable fit, confirming the reliability of the estimated relationships. Descriptive findings show that households respond to food insecurity through multiple coping strategies, including crop diversification, reduced meal frequency, engagement in off-farm employment, sale of livestock assets, participation in community savings groups, and temporary migration. Overall, the findings underscore the compounded threat posed by climate change and insecurity to food security, while emphasizing the importance of livelihood diversification and income-enhancing strategies in building household resilience. The study provides evidence-based insights to inform integrated policies targeting climate adaptation, rural security, and sustainable livelihood support.
Nie Dongdong, Nurfaradilla Binti Mohamad Nasri
This study examines the role of the Gaokao system in shaping Chinese students’ decisions to study abroad and its implications for educational inequality over the period 2005–2025. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates longitudinal secondary data with semi-structured interviews to provide both macro-level trend analysis and micro-level insights. Grounded in Push–Pull Theory, the Gaokao is conceptualized as a dynamic institutional push factor interacting with broader socioeconomic and global contexts. The findings indicate that the influence of the Gaokao evolves across three distinct phases: a reactive “fallback” mechanism in the early stage (2005–2009), a more proactive “parallel pathway” during the expansion phase (2010–2017), and a moderated, diversified influence within increasingly strategic decision-making in the recent period (2018–2025). Qualitative evidence further suggests a shift from exam avoidance toward long-term educational planning among students and families. Regarding inequality, the study finds that while the Gaokao maintains a meritocratic logic within the domestic system, its interaction with unequal access to international education contributes to a stratified dual-track structure. Although recent reforms and diversification trends have partially mitigated disparities, structural inequalities remain evident. By integrating longitudinal and qualitative perspectives, this study extends Push–Pull Theory and offers a more dynamic understanding of high-stakes examinations in global student mobility.
Ruth Morenike ODEWUMI
This study examined the availability of learning corners and their impact on the social-emotional development of primary school children in Ikere Local Government Area Ekiti State. A descriptive survey research design was employed, with a sample size of 100 teachers who were selected through simple random sampling. to assess the presence, organization, and utilization of learning corners, as well as their influence on pupils’ social-emotional development. Findings revealed that learning corners were generally available, well-organized, accessible, and actively used in school. Teachers reported that learning corners significantly enhanced children’s social skills, emotional expression, empathy, patience, and self-regulation. Furthermore, learning corners positively influenced academic performance by improving motivation, problem-solving abilities, focus, creativity, and collaborative learning. Finally the study demonstrates that learning corners serve as effective instructional spaces that support holistic child development. The findings highlight the importance of structured, resource-rich learning environments in promoting both educational achievement and social-emotional competence among primary school pupils. The study suggested that addressing these challenges through better resources, smaller class sizes, and enhanced teacher training would improve the implementation and outcomes of learning corners in primary schools
Addley Bromeo Bin Bianus, Bao Shilian
Zhuang Brocade, a traditional textile art of the Zhuang ethnic group in Guangxi, China, embodies rich historical, cultural, and aesthetic significance. Rapid industrialization, declining artisan populations, and diminishing public interest threaten its preservation and transmission. This study investigates the role of virtual exhibition halls in the protection and dissemination of Zhuang Brocade culture in Jingxi City through semi-structured interviews with 24 participants, including artisans, cultural institution staff, and general users. Findings indicate that virtual exhibition halls effectively document and archive visual and historical elements of Zhuang Brocade, providing high-resolution imaging and 3D modeling that support cultural preservation without risking physical artifacts. Digital platforms significantly enhance dissemination by increasing accessibility, engagement, and awareness among geographically distant and younger audiences. Interactivity, immersion, and content quality were identified as key factors influencing user experience and satisfaction. However, intangible aspects, such as hands-on weaving skills and tacit knowledge, cannot be fully captured digitally, highlighting the need for complementary traditional transmission methods. The study offers practical recommendations for integrating virtual exhibitions with apprenticeship programs, optimizing user-centered design, and improving accessibility. Limitations include small sample size and regional focus, suggesting the need for larger-scale, longitudinal, and comparative studies to advance the digital preservation of intangible cultural heritage.
Maria Alona A. Galendez, Marie Angeline G. Caliente
Early numeracy serves as a critical foundation for lifelong learning, enabling young children to understand numbers, patterns, and quantities in everyday contexts. Despite its importance, limited local studies have examined the combined influence of the home environment and home-based learning activities on kindergartners’ numeracy skills. This study investigated how these factors influence early numeracy development among kindergarten learners in a public elementary school during School Year 2025–2026. Using a descriptive–correlational design, 152 learners were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using an adapted Home Learning Environment Questionnaire, a Learning Activities Checklist, and a standardized numeracy assessment aligned with the MATATAG Kindergarten Curriculum. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that learners experienced a moderate level of home support and engagement in learning activities, while numeracy skills were at moderate level. Regression results showed that both home environment and learning activities significantly influenced numeracy skills, with learning activities emerging as the stronger predictor. The study highlights the importance of supportive home interactions and meaningful learning experiences in developing early numeracy skills. It is recommended that schools strengthen parental engagement programs and promote structured home-based learning activities to enhance children’s foundational mathematical development.
Karen Kristine D. Abellanosa, Revina O. Mendoza, PhD
Reading comprehension was a foundational skill that was key to academic success, however many students in Grade 7 had difficulty as texts became more challenging. Grounded in the Simple View of Reading and Scaffolding Theory, the study investigated the relationship between vocabulary knowledge, teachers’ instructional practices, parental involvement and reading comprehension of Grade 7 students from one district of Cagayan de Oro City. It specifically examined vocabulary knowledge, teachers’ instructional practices, parental involvement and reading comprehension in four subskills: extracting significant information, distinguishing fact from opinion, drawing inferences and analyzing real-world issues. The study used a descriptive–correlational design with 214 students who were selected using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that vocabulary knowledge, teacher’s instructional practices and parental involvement were all at high levels. The regression model was significant; however, vocabulary knowledge was the only significant predictor of reading comprehension. Students performed relatively well in drawing inferences and analyzing real-world issues but experienced difficulty in distinguishing fact from opinion. These findings underscore the role of vocabulary knowledge in enhancing reading comprehension and the need for supportive teaching and home environments. Overall, this underscores that while external support is valuable, building strong vocabulary remains the foundational factor for effective reading comprehension. Future researchers are encouraged to examine additional factors influencing reading comprehension, such as reading motivation, metacognitive strategies, and digital literacy, to extend the generalizability of the findings across diverse contexts.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Wanni Tohyala
Sharia supervision plays a vital role in Islamic banks to ensure that banking products and operations comply with Sharia law. With technological advancements, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an effective tool to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of Sharia supervision. The challenge presented in this paper is that the traditional approach to Sharia supervision in Islamic banks may be marred by some issues due to its reliance on human resources, in addition to the delay in completing transactions referred to the supervision committee. Hence, the idea of applying AI to supervision, even if only partially, contributes to reducing human error and increasing the speed of analysis and review. The roles of AI include, but are not limited to, automated analysis of Sharia texts, detection of suspicious transactions, automated auditing, and improving customer experience. This paper is based on inductive and analytical approaches. This process is not without challenges and difficulties, which officials must work to overcome, in line with the message of Islamic jurisprudence, which is to accommodate variables. The integration of technology and Sharia expertise is required and essential to ensure Islamic banks' compliance with Sharia law.
Lubbungu Jive, Sinyama Martone
Translanguaging has become a major framework for understanding multilingual meaning-making in education, yet much of the literature has tended to assume classroom contexts in which learners and teachers share relatively stable or sufficiently overlapping linguistic repertoires. This article examines how translanguaging operates in highly heterogeneous urban primary school classrooms in Livingstone, Zambia, where no single shared learner language can be consistently assumed. Drawing on a qualitative interpretivist case study, the study used classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with twenty teachers and twenty pupils from selected primary schools to investigate patterns of language use, instructional practice, learner participation, and teachers’ engagement with language-in-education policy. The findings show that multilingual classroom interaction was not random but systematically patterned according to communicative role and pedagogical function. English was more prominent in formal teacher-led and teacher-directed interaction, while Nyanja featured strongly in peer clarification and collaborative meaning-making, with Tonga and Lozi appearing in more context-specific ways. Teachers used multilingual practices strategically to scaffold understanding, clarify tasks, and sustain lesson flow, while learners relied on peer-mediated multilingual processing before producing formal classroom responses. The study further found that classroom interaction was shaped by partial linguistic overlap, requiring teachers to make moment-to-moment decisions across unevenly shared linguistic resources. It also revealed a clear mismatch between formal language-in-education policy and the realities of multilingual urban classroom practice. The article argues that in such contexts translanguaging should be understood not only as fluid repertoire mobilisation, but as pedagogical coordination under conditions of incomplete commonality, institutional constraint, and interactional necessity. By foregrounding classroom-based evidence from an underrepresented African urban context, the article extends translanguaging theory and contributes to more context-sensitive understandings of multilingual pedagogy, teacher agency, and language policy enactment.
BERNARD Anthony Oladayo, PhD
The study argued that in Sorrows and Rejoicing and The Bells of Amersfoort, Athol Fugard and Zakes Mda render trauma not simply as a thematic preoccupation but as a stylistic tool that determines the plays’ formal and aesthetic contours. Through trauma theory concepts like belated memory, repression, and the compulsion to repeat, the study demonstrates how fragmented temporality, broken dialogue, spectral presences, and the persistent use of silence become stylistic signatures through which the playwrights dramatise the unsettled psychic lives of their characters. In examining these narrative and dramaturgical strategies, the research contends that both texts reveal trauma as an experience that resists linear articulation yet imprints itself on theatrical form, thus reflecting the deeper struggle by contemporary literary artists to reckon with the lingering psychological scars of Apartheid South African.
Capua, Vanesa P.
Motivation is a key driver of students’ engagement and success in learning biology. This study investigated the level of motivation of undergraduate students in learning biology and examined whether significant differences exist when grouped according to sex and course. It also sought to identify the relationship between students’ age and their level of motivation, as well as to determine which profile variable significantly predicts motivation. Quantitative research approach was employed, using descriptive-comparative, correlational, and predictive research designs. Data were collected from 112 voluntary undergraduate students through a validated biology motivation questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze students’ level of motivation. Differences by sex and course were examined using an independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA, respectively. Pearson’s r was utilized to assess the relationship between motivation and age, whereas multiple linear regression was used to identify significant predictors of students’ motivation in learning biology. Results revealed that the undergraduate students were highly motivated to learn biology, regardless of sex and course, as there were no significant differences in motivation levels when grouped by these variables. However, age was found to significantly influence students' motivation, with a direct but weak correlation observed between age and motivation levels. Among the profile variables, age emerged as the most significant predictor of motivation in learning biology. These findings suggest that educators and academic institutions may consider age-related differences when designing instructional strategies and support systems to sustain and improve student motivation in biology learning contexts.
Gennen C. Alviar, Judy Jane S. Revelo
Compassion fatigue among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses is a critical occupational concern shaped by emotional, physical, relational and environmental demands, necessitating a deeper understanding of how nurses experience and manage this phenomenon to sustain resilience, well-being, and compassionate care. This study explored the lived experiences of NICU nurses in government hospitals in the southern Philippines using an existential transcendental phenomenological design guided by Moustakas’ framework. Seven purposively selected nurses participated in semi-structured interviews, with data supplemented by field notes and analyzed through horizonalization, clustering of significant statements, textural and structural descriptions, and synthesis of the essence of the experience. Six major themes emerged: navigating emotional and physical demands while sustaining compassion; managing environmental pressures such as sensory overload and spatial intensity; the temporal development of resilience through repeated exposure to critical care; relational anchors including colleagues, patients, and families; material and technological aspects of care as both stressors and sources of hope; and the development of resilience and professional identity through experiential learning, reflective practice, and intentional self-care. Compassion fatigue was described as an embodied, relational and contextually situated experience influenced by organizational, environmental, and personal factors. Nurses mitigated its effects through adaptive coping strategies, relational support, and continuous professional growth. The findings highlight the need for supportive work environments, structured mentorship, stress-reduction interventions, and resilience training, while suggesting further multi-site research to enhance the transferability of results beyond the study’s limited sample and regional scope.
Alian Bonny, Muhammad Hasmi Abu Hassan Asaari, Nasina Mat Desa
This study intends to examine the relationship between workplace bullying and work requirements towards work stress. It was conducted on customs officers in the eastern region of Malaysia. A total of 124 respondents were given a self-administered questionnaire towards getting their responses on the said variables. Data analysis was done using SPSS. The findings indicate that workplace bullying has a significant relationship with job stress. In addition, job demands also show a positive relationship with job stress. Therefore, the findings of this study are useful for academics and other researchers in examining issues related to workplace bullying, job demands, and job stress. The findings offer ideas or solutions to reduce workplace bullying and job demands that contribute to job stress.
Prof. John Ndikaru wa Teresia, Veronica Mpoyio Sasine
Youth unemployment remains a major global challenge and is strongly linked to rising levels of criminality, particularly in informal urban settlements. This study examined the relationship between youth unemployment and criminality in Mathare Sub-County, Nairobi, Kenya. The research was guided by Strain Theory and Social Learning Theory to explain how socioeconomic pressures influence youth involvement in crime. The study employed a survey research design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from youths aged 18–35 years through questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic content analysis. The findings indicated a strong association between youth unemployment and increased crime rates in the Mathare informal settlement. Many respondents lacked stable income and employment opportunities, exposing them to extreme poverty and making criminal activities such as robbery, drug trafficking, and prostitution alternative survival strategies. High unemployment also increased frustration, idle time, and exposure to delinquent peer groups. The study concludes that youth unemployment is a key driver of criminal activity in informal settlements. It recommends youth-focused education and skills training, fair recruitment practices, economic empowerment programs, and job creation policies as essential strategies for reducing unemployment and crime among youths.