623 Articles
Dr. Ronald Omenge Obwoge, Gladys Kwoba Amakobe
Background: Patient privacy and confidentiality are fundamental pillars of healthcare, particularly in the management of HIV/AIDS where social stigma remains a significant barrier to clinical adherence. Despite the constitutional protections afforded by the Kenya Constitution (2010) and the Data Protection Act (2019), significant gaps persist between legal mandates and clinical practice in high-volume referral facilities. This study assessed the level of adherence to privacy and confidentiality Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) at the Comprehensive Care Clinic (CCC) of Nakuru County Level 5 Hospital, Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive case study design employing a triangulated approach for data collection. A sample size of 79 respondents (65 clients and 14 staff) was determined using Fischer’s formula for finite populations. Data were collected via structured questionnaires, an observation checklist, and an interview guide to evaluate policy adherence, infrastructural adequacy, and socio-psychological experiences. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with findings presented in thematic tables and narrative form. Results: The study achieved an 82.28% response rate. Findings revealed high institutional awareness of privacy policies (91.7%), yet significant procedural gaps were identified, including non-secure data disposal methods (41.7% hand-tearing) and reliance on informal on-the-job training (58.3%). Infrastructural assessment showed that while the standalone clinic design and semi-permanent partitions provided adequate acoustic insulation, digital vulnerabilities existed due to staff failure to log off workstations. Socially, 70.8% of clients rated privacy as "excellent," correlating physical barriers (solid walls) with psychological safety. However, a profound knowledge deficit was noted, with 86.2% of clients unaware of their legal rights to privacy. Conclusion: While Nakuru County Level 5 Hospital has established a foundational framework for privacy, adherence is undermined by infrastructural limitations and technical laxity. The high level of client satisfaction exists alongside low rights literacy, suggesting that patients may not recognize subtle breaches. Recommendations: The study recommends mandatory annual formal training for staff on data protection laws, upgrading semi-permanent partitions to permanent soundproof masonry, and implementing automated system "timeouts" on clinical computers. Furthermore, a targeted patient-rights advocacy campaign is essential to bridge the existing gap in health-rights literacy.
Angie C. Labos, April Aura A. Cacho, Christine Joy L. Diaz, Eden Gae M. Ancino, Jiear A. Sison, Joy Lyn B. Sumeras, Vince P. Perales
This study aimed to determine the level of awareness on climate change and disaster risk reduction strategies. The study was conducted among fifty (50) residents of Barangay Sepanton Lemery, Iloilo. This study hypothesized that there is significant difference on the level of awareness on climate change as perceived by the residents of barangay Sepanton Lemery, Iloilo when classified according to age and educational attainment. There is significant difference on the level of awareness on risk reduction strategies in terms of before the flood and typhoon when classified according to highest educational attainment. Moreover, significant difference was noted on the level of awareness on risk reduction strategies in terms of during the flood and typhoon when classified according to age and educational attainment. However, there is no significant difference on the level of awareness on risk reduction strategies in terms of before the flood and typhoon when classified according to age. There is significant relationship between awareness on climate change and awareness on risk reduction strategies as perceived by the residents of Barangay Sepanton, Lemery, Iloilo. A checklist questionnaire was utilized as the main data gathering instrument. The data gathered were analyzed and interpreted using the mean and standard deviation for the descriptive analysis and One-way ANOVA for the inferential analysis. The findings of the study showed that Key words: Awareness, climate change, strategies
Assistant Lecturer Hawar Sardar Ali
Naomi Alderman's novel The Authority is an enthralling exposition about a woman’s capacity to shock her counterpart with a jolt of electricity and the next alteration in her society's power structure. This paper applies feminist critique on the works of Simone de Beauvoir and Judith Butler. Alderman’s study on the consequences of power struggle of a woman who gains prowess by shocking men into helplessness is framed in a fantasy reality and she contemplate the question: is there any empowerment in subjugation? The answer lies in the drive to subjugate women and the accompanied violence which this study tries to constrain within ethical boundaries of feminism. Notably this paper argues that The Power offers a critique of gender inequalities because, despite the oppression crafted within the narrative, equal acceptance is suppressed through exertion of violence. Alderman proposes the idealistic view that assertive domination and force are irrelevant to real power which is needed to shatter the systems mandating inequitable distribution of power. The analysis enhances debates on relationships between feminism sociologistic and Alderman's novel to highlight how modern discourse on the notion of empowerment is challenged.
Mahani Bte Mokhtar, Zhu Yanxi
Sino-foreign cooperative programs, both in China and internationally, represent a significant strategy for the internationalization of higher education. Nonetheless, cross-border learners have numerous learning issues, and their practical experience is remain underexplored that needs to be studied deeper. This research paper will seek to probe into the learning challenges of the students on cooperative programs in detail. A qualitative research design was employed to interview 24 cooperative student participants in semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis approach as suggested by Braun and Clarke was used to code and analyze the data. Using the thematic approach, three central themes were identified: (1) The "dual gate" of academic adjustment: Students experience a combination of problems, which is both a feature of surface challenges and deep discontinuities; (2) The "breakdown band" of project support: The project is characterized by the structural failures, creating a feature of discontinuities both on the surface and in depth; (3) The suspension of value expectations: Students remain unaware of how the cumulative lack of systematic support and difficulties in individual adaptation collectively contribute to the learning problems they experience in cooperative educational programs. It is suggested to establish an academic transition course, frequent guidance, and value communication channel so as to assist students to get through the confusion in the transitional stage.
Dr. Kendre T.E., K. Laxman Raathod
The purpose of the present study was to compare anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness parameters among rural and urban volleyball players in Telangana. A total of 60 male volleyball players (30 rural and 30 urban), aged between 18–25years, were selected randomly. Anthropometric variables such as height, weight, and BMI, and physical fitness parameters including speed, agility, vertical jump, and endurance were measured. Independent t-test was used to determine the significant differences between groups. The results revealed significant differences in agility, vertical jump, and endurance, favoring rural players, while urban players showed better BMI and speed performance. The study concludes that environmental and lifestyle factors influence performance variables.
M. Mogana, V. Gnanasowndharya
Introduction: Children grow, develop, and learn throughout their lives, starting at birth. School children plays, learns, speaks, and acts offers important clues about his or her development. Nurse can help child's development by providing a safe and loving home. The most common issues among the school children is eating of junk foods. The most common and frequent ill effects of junk foods on health is obesity, memory loss, and poor concentrations. The common cause of intake of junk food is the advertisement, taste and colorful appearance. Statement Of the Problem: A study to assess the knowledge on ill effects of junk foods among students at selected school in Puducherry. Objectives Of The Study: • To assess the level of knowledge regarding junk foods among students(11-13 years) in a selected school. • To determine the harmful effects of junk foods among students(11-13 years) • To associate the effectiveness of knowledge score among the students (11-13years) with their selected demographicvariables. Research Methodology:The design adopted was non experimental research design. The population of the study is eighth standard school students. The study sample was school children of age group 11-13 years. The period of data collection was one week. Totally 30 school students in a selected school was selected by convenient sampling technique. The data was gathered and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical method and interpretations were made on the basis of the objectives of the study. Result: 1) By using frequency and percentage wise distribution of knowledge regarding ill effects of junk foods on health among school children reveals that out of 30 students, 2(6.7%) have inadequate knowledge, 28(93.3%) have moderate knowledge and 0(0%) have adequate knowledge. 2) The findings reveal that their mean and standard deviation values are 14.6 and 2.66 respectively. 3) By using association of knowledge regarding ill effects of junk food on health among school children with their selected demographic variables shows that statistically significant association with religion, junk food as breakfast, check nutritive value, aware of chemical present and amount spent for junk food per week. There was no association between demographic variables such as age of the child, gender, reason for junk food consumption, favorite junk food and frequency of junk food per week. Recommendations Based on findings of the present study, the following recommendations have been made, • A study could be conducted with larger size. • A similar study could be performed for a longer duration. • This study could also be conducted as a comparative study using post experimental test. • The study can be done as a quasi-experimental design.
Dr. Nitin Sopan Bhand, Supriya Prasad Daware
The success of Internet of Things (IoT) implementation depends not only on technology infrastructure but also on organizational preparedness. This study assesses organizational readiness for IoT adoption in medium-scale manufacturing industries of Nashik District, Maharashtra. Using a pilot survey of 96 respondents from 20 manufacturing units, the study evaluates three readiness dimensions: technological preparedness, workforce capability, and management commitment. Reliability analysis using Cronbach's Alpha yielded values of 0.881 for technological preparedness, 0.823 for workforce capability, and 0.833 for management commitment, indicating good internal consistency. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure ranged from 0.661 to 0.751, and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was significant (p < 0.001), confirming sampling adequacy. Findings indicate that while management commitment is relatively strong (mean score 4.12), workforce skill gaps (mean score 2.95) and legacy equipment incompatibility remain significant readiness deficits. The study contributes a validated readiness assessment instrument for manufacturing MSMEs considering IoT adoption.
Esthyre Kate A. Bayangan
The commission of cybercrimes in the advent of technological advances, industrialization, and globalization is inevitable. This is one of the prevailing challenges in universities that must be addressed. Using a quantitative, descriptive, comparative method, this study endeavored to bring out baseline information on the vulnerability of SMU students as offenders of cybercrimes. The findings included profile variables such as gender, year level, school, and frequency of Internet use. This study was dominated by female respondents, with almost equal distribution in terms of year level and the considerable proportion concerning school, and most of the respondents had a frequency of Internet use between 4 – 8 hours. Further, findings showed that SMU students had a very low probability of committing cybercrime: 1) Offenses against confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer data systems; 2) Content-related offenses; and 3) Computer-related offenses. Lastly, gender affects the responses of SMU students in terms of offenses against confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer data systems and content-related offenses but not in computer-related offenses. Only the responses between First- and fourth-year students vary for the year level. Meanwhile, the school of the respondents influences the responses of students but not the frequency of Internet use. The researchers recommend enhancing and expanding policies and guidelines in Internet use and virtual learning to include safe browser systems. For future research, it is highly recommended to look at the side of the victims and not only the vulnerability of becoming offenders.
Nassem D. Sarangani
This study is a modest attempt to determine the perceived impact of moral integrity on poverty alleviation in the BARMM central offices. The study used a descriptive research design and a survey questionnaire in gathering the primary data from a purposively selected official and employee respondents at the BARMM central offices. In terms of its significant findings, the study has found that majority of the respondents were aware of the important provisions of RA 6713 otherwise known as the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees. The study results also showed that the respondents agreed with majority of the statement indicators of moral integrity as practiced in the BARMM. More importantly, the respondents also believed that poverty has a great negative impact on the socio-economic condition of the Moro population. The important implications of these findings include the need to continuously conduct awareness campaign on moral governance not only among BARMM officials and employees but also the general Moro population. The study findings also suggest that BARMM officials and employees are generally perceived as practicing high standards of honesty, transparency, accountability, and fairness in their work. Moreover, it was also concluded by the study that there is no significant relationship between respondents' profile and their perception on moral integrity. At any rate, amidst the study findings and their implications, the study recommends for the institutionalization of moral integrity in public service or good governance within the BARMM by adopting effective measures and strategies which should focus on integrating moral values and ethics into the school curriculum, conducting workshops or seminars for students, teachers, and community members. The study also recommends for the active involvement of the Moro population in the BARMM governance through effective citizen participation as symbolically represented by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs).
Edward Ryan F. Gulam, Mary Ann C. Ortiza, Reyjeth Lanquibo, Rheamarie Jo V. Cerbo
This study examined the effectiveness of explicit teaching and integration approaches on the academic performance of learners with learning disabilities (LD) in Caraga North District. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research design, the study involved 60 purposively selected learners identified with learning disabilities from selected schools. Data were collected through pretest and posttest assessments in reading, writing, and mathematics, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired-sample t-tests and independent-sample t-tests). Findings revealed that both instructional approaches significantly improved learners’ academic performance. However, explicit teaching demonstrated slightly higher gains, with large effect sizes, indicating its strong effectiveness in enhancing structured learning outcomes. The integration approach also yielded significant improvements, particularly in promoting learner engagement and participation. Comparative analysis showed statistically significant differences favoring explicit teaching across all academic areas. The study concludes that while both approaches are effective, explicit teaching serves as a more powerful strategy for improving academic performance, especially when combined with integration techniques. It is recommended that teachers receive regular training in evidence-based instructional strategies, and that schools ensure the availability of adequate instructional materials and manageable class sizes to support inclusive education. Future studies are encouraged to expand the sample size, include additional variables, and provide further empirical evidence to strengthen the generalizability of findings.
Gladys S. Escarlos, Ivy J. Lumanag
This systematic review focuses on lifelong learning, which means continuously gaining knowledge and skills throughout life, starting from early childhood. The study examines how early education, especially kindergarten, plays an important role in developing the basic skills needed for lifelong learning. It also looks at the Omnibus Policy on Kindergarten Education in the Philippines, which aims to provide all children with quality, inclusive, and developmentally appropriate education. The review found that children who receive proper kindergarten education are better prepared for future schooling and are more likely to become successful lifelong learners. However, challenges such as limited resources, lack of teacher training, and unequal access to education still affect the full implementation of the policy. Overall, the study shows that strong early education programs and effective policies are important in building a solid foundation for lifelong learning and helping individuals succeed in the long term.
Dr. Clement Ucho, Dr. Kingsley Ikechukwu Ezeh, Prof Basil U Eze
This research investigates the cultural and socioeconomic impacts of oil exploration and exploitation on communities in Ogoniland, Niger Delta Region, South-South Nigeria. The research identifies the negative impacts of oil activities on the social structures, economic conditions, and cultural practices of Ogoniland communities. Key findings using a close ended questionnaire method to find out how oil exploration has led to environmental devastation, the displacement of communities, the erosion of traditional livelihoods, increased poverty and inequality, and the neglect of other sectors of the economy. The analysis of data collected from the documents also revealed that oil exploration activities have not fairly distributed income among community members and have contributed to an increase in poverty in the region. The study also analyzes the factors that have contributed to social unrest and conflict in the region, including youth militancy, corruption, and the unresponsiveness of government and oil companies to community demands. The study concludes that there is a need for stronger regulations, community involvement, and sustainable development practices to mitigate these negative impacts and promote a more equitable distribution of the benefits from oil resources.
Abehud Bawatji., Morina Asman, Rika Yanti, Sang Putra Immanuel Duha., Timotius
This study examines how informal power exercised by non-clergy ministers within Church X creates ‘shadows of power’ that disrupt congregational harmony and undermine the effectiveness of church ministry. Using a qualitative approach and intrinsic case study, data were obtained through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and internal document analysis, then analyzed thematically reflectively. The results identified five main themes: (1) the polarization of the meaning of ministry between divine calling and formal authority; (2) the dominance of informal power in church ministry; (3) the destructive impact of informal domination on harmony and effectiveness of ministry; (4) recovery strategies through humility, open communication, and reflective dialogue; and (5) the dilemma of tension between structural assertiveness and relational inclusivity. These findings emphasize the need to integrate the principles of servant leadership and an understanding of Foucault’s micro-physics of power to organize power relations ethically and spiritually. Practically, this study provides insights for charismatic churches in building a more participatory, collaborative, and harmonious ministry model, so that non-clergy ministers can become agents of harmony, not sources of conflict.
Muhammad Ghali Aliyu, Muktar Danlami, Sapiee Jamel
Iris recognition has rapidly advanced due to deep learning and hybrid models that have transformed feature extraction and identification processes. However, research remains scattered across various subfields, necessitating a systematic synthesis. This bibliometric and systematic review explores recent developments in iris feature extraction and recognition by analyzing literature published over the past seven years. Using bibliometric mapping, the study identifies leading authors, journals, and collaborative networks shaping the discourse. Technological advancements, including non-segmentation deep learning models, attention-based mechanisms, cross-spectral recognition, and hybrid approaches integrating periocular features, are critically examined. Additionally, the review highlights emerging challenges such as recognition in unconstrained environments, post-mortem scenarios, mobile device adaptation, and presentation attack resilience. Results reveal significant progress alongside persistent research gaps, particularly in the areas of cross-domain generalization. This comprehensive analysis provides critical insights and outlines future research directions, guiding scholars and practitioners in advancing iris biometric systems toward greater robustness, scalability, and adaptability across constrained and unconstrained operational environments.
Marc Enzo P. Caño, Ram Chryztler P. Acero
Ten (10) Filipino youths who were born abroad and lived in the 4th district of Laguna, Philippines comprised the study's respondents. Data and relevant details regarding the social acceptance and cultural adjustments of Filipino youths born abroad are gathered through interviews and checklists. Using the proper statistical techniques, including frequency, percentage, rank, mean, verbal interpretation, and spearman correlation formula, data were gathered, tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted. The outcome was interpreted as usual while remaining in the community of teenagers who were born abroad. The amount of certainty of Filipino culture's effect on the outcome's language was occasionally interpreted. The majority of respondents rated the language items as usually, always, often, sometimes, rarely and never. The outcome was interpreted as frequently in terms of beliefs. The respondents generally the items on beliefs as always, often, sometimes and rarely. The outcome was understood as frequently in terms of values. In general, the respondents rated the values items as always, frequently, occasionally, and infrequently. The outcome was interpreted as usual due to the unique culture of the Filipino people. Cultural adjustments and social acceptance have no significant relationship with any of the other variables. Recommendations: (i) government offer programs to foreign-born Filipino teenagers to improve their communication skills in the local language and to promote Filipino culture; (ii) the school should work with the parents of these teenagers to monitor and provide feedback; and (iii) additional research utilizing a different variable should be considered.
Chong Yew Yoong, Siti Aisyah Binti Ahmad Rusdi
This case study looks at how Lina Anne Music School in Desa Pandan, Kuala Lumpur, uses integrative music instruction for toddlers. This study seeks to investigate music education that integrates several domains of learning, such as cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development, potentially facilitating a holistic enhancement of young children's growth and their engagement in musical activities. Integrative music education merges traditional music teaching with aspects of movement, storytelling, visual arts, and play-based approaches, cultivating a child-centered and comprehensive learning environment. The goal of this study is to find out how music lessons are set up and taught to meet the developmental needs of preschoolers. This research is essential as many similar institutions use traditional teacher-centered methods to teach children. For this research, a qualitative approach including watching classes, talking to teachers, and looking at teaching materials is used. The results indicate that integrated teaching practices enhance children's creativity, attention span, and self-expression, while also fostering social connection and emotional well-being. The teachers at Lina Anne Music School create a warm and interesting environment by using rhythmic activities, vocal exercises, instrumental excursions, and interactive stories. The study's results show that integrated music education is a strong way to help both musical and non-musical skills in young children. Integrative music education promotes a nurturing, flexible, and engaging curriculum that aligns with the child's innate interest and developmental stages. The research opens the way for more researchers to do further research in this field of integrative music education for preschoolers.
Ace Gerome M. Niño
Due to the failure in transitioning from traditional film to digital technology, Kodak, was once named a leader in the industry of photography. Despite developing digital camera, this company was reluctant to adopt and pursue digital innovation because of fears of damaging its profitable business film. This reluctance brought the company into abyss of business failure as their competitors adopted the digital photography market—stemming from a fear of cannibalizing its 70% market share in global film—led to an avoidable business failure. Kodak could have addressed this hurdle by adopting a diversified digital strategy (e.g., investing in R&D, a dedicated segment for digital transformation, and business partnership with other company pioneer in digitalization) at time it was first introduce to the market. Acceptance of digital innovation, while progressively phasing out traditional film products, would have better placed Kodak to compete in the embryonic market. Kodak’s internal resistance to change and heavy dependence on legacy products, which highlights critical lessons in innovation strategy, made it difficult for them to adapt to digital trends. As mentioned in the study of disruptive innovation by Christensen’s theory which underscore the need for traditional firms to embrace new technologies proactively. Evidence found that companies, like Canon and Sony, focus on flexible and responsive approaches to emerging technologies were able to capture material market share in digital photography unlike Kodal who fell behind. The journey in business of Kodak emphasizes how important adaptability is, in the world of disruptive technology. Those firms in similar situations should invest in future technologies and foster an innovation-driven culture regardless how it will impact the legacy products. This mirrors an opportunity towards long-term sustainability and profitability.
ADULOJU, Olusola Peter, IGE, Toluwalase Ebenezer, ISOLA, Oladele Andrew, OJO, Omolara Florence, OLATAYO, Ayodeji Stephen
Background: Antenatal care (ANC) booking status is a vital indicator of maternal healthcare engagement and is widely considered to significantly influence delivery outcomes. In low-resource settings like Nigeria, understanding how booking status influences cesarean section (CS) rates and associated feto-maternal morbidity and mortality is essential for designing effective public health strategies and hospital-level interventions. Objective: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of cesarean section and associated fetomaternal outcomes between booked and unbooked patients who had childbirth at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH) over a five-year period. Methods: For this research, a retrospective analysis of 5,650 delivery records from April 2020 to March 2025 was conducted. Patients were classified as "booked" if they had at least two scheduled ANC visits at EKSUTH or "unbooked" if they had no prior ANC at EKSUTH. Data extracted included the mode of delivery (Spontaneous vaginal delivery or Cesarean section), maternal outcomes (Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage and mortality), and neonatal outcomes (APGAR scores and stillbirths). Statistical analyses included independent-samples t-tests and chi-square tests; p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The overall prevalence of CS was 47.36% (2,676/5,650). Unbooked patients had a slightly higher CS rate (46.50%) than their booked counterparts (45.85%). Maternal mortality (p=0.802) and the incidence of Primary PPH (p=0.602) did not significantly differ statistically across both groups. On the other hand, unbooked patients had considerably poorer neonatal outcomes. The mean APGAR scores at one minute (6.19 ± 2.46 vs. 7.30 ± 1.33, p<0.0001) and five minutes (7.67 ± 2.77 vs. 8.83 ± 1.33, p<0.0001), for their newborns were considerably lower. Similarly, the group also had a significantly higher stillbirth rate (9.53% vs. 1.32%, p<0.0001). Conclusion: While the CS rate at EKSUTH is high overall and slightly elevated among unbooked patients, the most critical finding is the severe disparity in neonatal outcomes. The most significant finding is the stark difference in neonatal outcomes, despite the high overall CS incidence at EKSUTH and a somewhat higher rate among unbooked patients. Poorer immediate newborn viability and much greater risks of stillbirth are closely linked to a lack of organized antenatal care. These results highlight the critical role of early and frequent antenatal booking as a key strategy for increasing neonatal survival, and the urgent need for focused initiatives to close this care gap.
M. Abraham Gbeh, Jr.
This study presents a comparative analysis of the determinants of effective supervision in public and private senior secondary schools within the Marshall Education District, Margibi County, Liberia. Drawing on a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 220 respondents, comprising teachers, administrators, and students who were selected through systematic random sampling from a target population of 440. The research utilized a structured questionnaire, validated through pilot testing and expert review, to examine the frequency, nature, and strategies of supervisory practices in both public and private schools. Analysis of findings revealed a marked disparity: private schools benefit from more frequent (biannual) and intensive supervision, leading to enhanced feedback and professional development, whereas public schools experience infrequent and more formal or casual oversight. The study concludes that strengthening and standardizing supervisory practices, particularly by increasing the frequency and intensity of supervision in public schools, will advance educational quality and equity. Key recommendations include aligning public school supervisory practices with those of private schools, adopting supportive supervision models, and developing unified policies to ensure consistent professional development across sectors.
Muhammad Faliq Abd Razak
This paper examines the entitlement of employment injury benefits (EIBs) for migrant workers through a comparative analysis of selected developed economies, namely Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, with reference to Malaysia as a receiving country. The study aims to identify key features of effective social security systems that ensure adequate protection of migrant workers in cases of workplace injury. Adopting a qualitative comparative legal methodology, the research analyses national legal frameworks, institutional arrangements, and benefit structures, drawing on data from international organizations including the International Labour Organization (ILO), the World Bank, and the Mutual Information System on Social Protection (MISSOC). The findings indicate that comprehensive coverage, non-discriminatory access, integrated institutional coordination, and the inclusion of rehabilitation benefits are critical components of effective EIB systems. In contrast, Malaysia’s framework demonstrates gaps, particularly in relation to migrant worker coverage and benefit adequacy. The paper further highlights the role of social security agreements (SSAs) in enhancing cross-border protection. It concludes that aligning domestic frameworks with international labour standards and adopting selected best practices can significantly strengthen the protection of migrant workers’ right to social security.
Amygail P. Quilang
This study aimed to examine the experiences, competency levels, pedagogical skills, and challenges of MAPEH teachers in teaching performing arts in the San Guillermo District, Division of Isabela during the School Year 2025–2026. Specifically, it sought to determine the respondents’ profile, their experiences in performing arts, level of competency, pedagogical competencies, and the problems they encountered in teaching performing arts. The study utilized the descriptive research method, employing a structured questionnaire to gather data from twenty (20) MAPEH teachers. Findings revealed that most respondents were within the age range of 20–39 years old, predominantly female, and mostly holding Teacher III positions, with the majority having completed a bachelor’s degree and some units in graduate studies. In terms of experiences, the respondents actively participated in various performing arts activities such as dance, music, and theater at different levels, primarily at the school level, with some reaching district, provincial, and higher levels. The results further showed that the respondents perceived themselves as competent in teaching performing arts, with an overall weighted mean interpreted as “Agree,” while specific competencies such as appreciation of performing arts were rated as “Strongly Agree.” Similarly, their pedagogical competencies were rated as “Agree,” indicating that teachers demonstrate effective teaching strategies, such as encouraging student participation and relating lessons to cultural contexts. However, despite these positive findings, the study identified significant challenges, particularly the lack of facilities, equipment, and instructional materials, as well as difficulties related to students’ slow learning pace in performing arts. Moreover, the respondents strongly agreed on the need for interventions, such as providing venues for showcasing talents and creating collaborative opportunities among teachers to share best practices. These findings imply that while teachers possess the necessary competencies and experiences, the effectiveness of teaching performing arts is largely influenced by the availability of resources and institutional support. In conclusion, the study highlights that MAPEH teachers in the San Guillermo District are generally competent and experienced in teaching performing arts; however, addressing resource-related challenges and strengthening support systems are essential to further enhance the quality of instruction and student learning outcomes.
Affero Ismail, Mohd Hatta Md Hani, Norazizan Aris, Zawawi Mohamad
The implementation of professional Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) certification in public Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions remains insufficiently theorized, particularly regarding how international certification requirements are translated into institutional practice. While standards such as ISO 9712:2021 provide a robust basis for personnel qualification and certification, limited attention has been given to the institutional mechanisms required to operationalize these requirements systematically within Malaysian public skills training institutions (PSTI). This conceptual paper aims to develop an initial implementation model for professional NDT certification by integrating ISO 9712:2021 requirements with the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) framework. The study employed a two-stage qualitative conceptual design comprising document-based thematic analysis of three core certification references, namely ISO 9712:2021, the International Committee for Non-Destructive Testing (ICNDT) Guide, and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) ANDE-1, followed by a narrative literature review to support and contextualize the identified elements. The synthesis generated four principal implementation domains: context, input, process, and product. In addition, governance emerged as a cross-domain element supported by quality assurance, industry linkage, and continuous improvement. The proposed model suggests that the effectiveness of professional NDT certification should be understood not merely as standards compliance or candidate examination performance, but as the outcome of systemic alignment among strategic rationale, institutional readiness, implementation quality, and professional competency outcomes. This article contributes by reframing NDT certification as an institutional implementation system and by offering a conceptual foundation for subsequent expert validation and empirical testing in Malaysian TVET settings.
Dr. Wing Cheung TANG, Ir Dr Assoc Professor Samuel Kwok Piu LIP
This conceptual synthesis analyses the interplay between China's declared policy of peaceful development, the notion of strategic tolerance, and the pragmatic rationale of non-provocative defence. Utilising defensive realism, security dilemma theory, deterrence theory, and just war traditions, the analysis assesses a series of propositions derived from a practitioner-oriented defence document. The synthesis contends that China's stance (prioritizing non-intervention, mutual respect, and the prevention of nuclear escalation) does not exclude but rather necessitates credible, low-cost territorial defence mechanisms. Three fundamental assertions are integrated: firstly, that China's peaceful policy fulfils both normative and strategic roles in a multipolar context; secondly, that tolerance, when accurately interpreted, represents a calculated restraint aimed at averting catastrophic conflict rather than indicating weakness; thirdly, that essential, geographically tailored defence measures (including natural barriers, water obstacles, missile interception systems, and minimal submarine-based deterrence) can deter potential aggressors without instigating arms races. The analysis reveals substantial deficiencies: the lack of empirical validation, insufficient operational specifics concerning "low-cost" defence architectures, unresolved conflicts between tolerance and effective deterrence, and the scarcity of quantitative data. The synthesis concludes by delineating a research agenda for defensive realism amid escalating great-power competition.
Raul Jess B. Apsay
This study examined the relationship between workload and stress levels among selected office employees in the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Palauig, Zambales. Guided by the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) framework, a quantitative correlational design was employed involving 30 randomly selected employees from the Municipal Treasurer’s Office, Municipal Accounting Office, Municipal Budget Office, and Business Permit and Licensing Office. Workload was measured using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), while stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Findings revealed that employees experienced a high level of mental workload, particularly in cognitive tasks such as analysis, decision-making, and task concentration. Despite this, stress levels were generally moderate, indicating that employees are able to manage job demands but still experience periodic psychological strain. Results further showed no significant differences in workload and stress when grouped according to office assignment, age, sex, length of service, and employment status, suggesting a uniform distribution of job demands across respondent categories. The study concludes that while employees are exposed to substantial cognitive workload, stress levels remain manageable and consistent across groups. These findings highlight the need for sustained organizational strategies to support employee well-being and workload management in local government settings
Aradhya Gupta, Farheen Siddiqui, Satyam Patel
This paper presents a modern, full-stack web-based architecture for real-time Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite tracking and visualization. Traditional desktop-based satellite tracking software suffers from limited accessibility, poor cross-platform compatibility, and high computational overhead. To address these limitations, we propose a comprehensive system integrating FastAPI for backend processing, React for frontend development, and CesiumJS for 3D orbital visualization. The system leverages Two-Line Element (TLE) datasets from Celestrak to perform precise orbital mechanics calculations, converting satellite position data into geographic coordinates accessible through a responsive web interface. Performance evaluation demonstrates real-time tracking capabilities with sub-200ms latency, supporting visualization of 100+ simultaneous satellites with stable frame rates. The proposed architecture achieves a 77% latency improvement over traditional approaches through asynchronous processing and intelligent caching strategies [1]. This work contributes a scalable, low-latency solution for space situational awareness, amateur radio coordination, and space debris monitoring accessible to researchers and enthusiasts worldwide.
Farah Salwati Ibrahim, Noor Rizallinda Ishak, Sallehan Ismail, Wan Nur Syazwani Wan Mohammad
This study presents the development and evaluation of a Gamified Research Scaffolding Framework (GRSF) designed to enhance undergraduate competency in experimental research proposal development within cementitious and concrete materials courses. Students in construction-related programmes often face challenges in structuring research problems, justifying material selection, and aligning experimental design with research objectives, leading to weak proposals and repeated revision cycles. To address these challenges, the GRSF integrates gamification principles with structured instructional scaffolding through a six-level progression model, encompassing problem discovery, material selection, aim and objective development, experimental design, sustainability evaluation, and proposal assembly. Laboratory activities are embedded as mission-based tasks to reinforce hands-on learning and alignment with standardised testing procedures. The framework also incorporates sustainability assessment in line with Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and promotes responsible use of artificial intelligence tools. A mixed-method approach was employed using a quasi-experimental design involving two undergraduate classes: a control group (n = 25) following conventional supervision and an intervention group (n = 27) exposed to the GRSF. Quantitative data included proposal scores, revision cycles, and approval rates, while qualitative data were collected through student surveys, feedback, and lecturer observations. The results indicate a significant improvement in proposal quality (26.1%), a reduction in revision cycles (42.2%), and a substantial increase in first-submission approval rates (from 40% to 81%) for the intervention group. Student engagement was also high (mean = 4.50/5), indicating improved motivation and confidence. The findings demonstrate that the GRSF provides a structured and effective approach to enhancing research competency, laboratory engagement, and sustainability awareness in engineering education.
Anmar Sami Al-Rikabi
The agricultural system, which one of the basic pillars affects food production for the population and fodder for animals and the main engine of industrial. The model associated with commercial farming pays attention to selected crops as per the various relevant conditions of the natural and human environment. This process helps increase the area under cultivation and the volume of production. The used study descriptive and analytical that used quantitative data to enrich scientific knowledgde and widen the horizons. The study aims to follow the development and organization of methods that help enable agricultural development. Research shows that climate factors such as temperature, evaporation and low rainfall constraint agricultural expansion. Agricultural patterns and productivity will be increasingly influenced by human factors (e.g. the choice of irrigation method, and land ownership). The climate data was of 2024 as it had the complete climate record & recent climatic record and also prevailed climatic reality. The research results proved that most of the research in brief is mainly directed towards local consumption, with a lack of diversity, for large areas of interest in agriculture within administrative units. It also showed that agriculture generally suffers from dry climatic conditions, which can lead to aridity, resulting in weak production and exploitation of agricultural crops. Geographical limitation of the study is Muthanna Governorate in southern Iraq. The governorate is situated between latitudes 31°17' and 30°12’ N and longitudes 41°13' and 37°13' E. The total area of the samawa province is 51,402 kilometers squared or about 11% of Iraq. According to Map 1, Al-Muthanna Governorate shares an international border with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Shazanah Abdul Wahab
The agricultural sector in Penang, is undergoing transformative shifts driven by the need for sustainable innovation and increased productivity. This study introduces and validates the Framework for Agricultural Revolution and Management (FARM) Model which outlines six key pillars essential for agricultural advancement: Workforce & Skills Dynamic, Technological Integration, Operational Efficiency & Productivity, Economic Sustainability, Policies & Regulatory Support and Environmental & Infrastructure Readiness. Adopting a holistic research approach, the study integrates qualitative interviews with farm operators, stakeholder engagement, seminar-based dialogue, member checking and peer review to ensure the credibility and relevance of findings. A stakeholder seminar titled Enhancing Farm Operations: Overcoming Barriers to Agricultural Innovations was held with representatives from government agencies, financial institutions, industry experts, and farmers. The insights gathered reinforced the six pillars of the FARM model, confirming that knowledge gaps, limited financing, policy misalignment, infrastructure shortfalls, and complex technologies remain significant barriers. Stakeholders emphasized the need for user-friendly tools, specific policies, cooperative structures, and stronger advisory support. The study’s findings are further strengthened by active collaboration with the Department of Agriculture Penang, which supported the recommendations and agreed to future partnership efforts. The triangulated validation process confirms that the FARM model accurately captures the multifaceted challenges and solutions in agricultural innovation. This research contributes a practical and theoretical implication that can guide policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in shaping future agricultural strategies in Penang and beyond, rooted in local context and inclusive stakeholder engagement.
Kawu Ahidjo Abdulkadiri, Oderinde Gbadebo Afeez, Sanni Adijat Tope
Background: Nigeria’s deregulated economy, initiated in 2023 through fuel subsidy removal and exchange rate unification, has fundamentally altered the fiscal environment with significant implications for healthcare financing. This study develops a mathematical model to quantify the relationship between deregulation‑induced macroeconomic changes and healthcare funding outcomes. Methods: A system dynamics model incorporating macroeconomic and fiscal variables was constructed using ordinary differential equations. The model integrates oil revenue, non‑oil revenue, exchange rate, inflation, fiscal deficit, and healthcare allocation. Data from 2020–2025 were used for parameter estimation. Sensitivity analysis and scenario modeling assessed policy impacts. Results: The model reveals a structural break in healthcare funding dynamics post‑deregulation. The derived equation H = αR_total + βΔER + γπ + δFD demonstrates that a 10% naira depreciation reduces real healthcare spending by 6.2% (p<0.001). Under moderate shock scenarios, projected healthcare funding shortfalls range from ₦380–620 billion annually. The model identifies an optimal fiscal rule: allocating 15% of oil windfall revenues to a Health Stabilization Fund would reduce funding volatility by 42% (95% CI: 35–49%). Sensitivity analysis shows health outcomes are most responsive to primary healthcare funding (elasticity 0.68) compared to tertiary care (0.31). The post‑deregulation coefficient for health share of oil revenue decreased from 0.038 to 0.032 (p=0.02), reflecting competing expenditure priorities. Conclusion: Mathematical modeling demonstrates that deregulation creates competing fiscal pressures on healthcare funding through exchange rate effects, inflationary erosion, and competing expenditure priorities. The findings support establishment of a Health Stabilization Fund linked to oil windfall revenues and constitutional guarantees for primary healthcare funding.
Romeo D. Lim, DBA
This mixed-methods study assessed the implementation and challenges of green initiatives among selected staycation properties in Quezon City. Quantitative data were collected from 60 respondents, including local government unit (LGU) employees, staycation property employees, and guests, while qualitative data were collected through interviews with hotel managers and LGU environmental officers. Findings revealed that green initiatives such as recycling programs, waste reduction, and composting were generally practiced (overall mean = 3.45), with recycling ranking highest (mean = 3.82) and renewable energy use lowest (mean = 3.06). ANOVA results (F = 0.33, p > 0.05) showed no significant difference among respondent groups, indicating shared perceptions of sustainability implementation. Qualitative insights highlighted operational barriers, including limited budgets for renewable energy systems, inconsistent monitoring mechanisms, and minimal guest participation in eco-friendly programs. The study was grounded in the Triple Bottom Line Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Systems Approach, which together explain the environmental, behavioral, and managerial dimensions of sustainability. It concludes that while sustainability is recognized as a valuable operational goal, its effectiveness depends on organizational commitment and systemic support. Recommendations include LGU–hotel collaborations, continuous sustainability audits, guest engagement strategies, and the use of digital monitoring tools to promote accountability. The study aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 11, 12, and 13 on sustainable cities, responsible consumption, and climate action.
Jesus Q. Delos Santos III, EdD, Vivian L. Dedace, EdD
This study focused on the retirement experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of retired educators. Purposely chosen ten participants- 5 retired principals and 5 retired teachers, from Quezon Province, were involved in the study, who shared their stories using semi-structured life-story interviews. This qualitative narrative inquiry, grounded in design and narrative thematic analysis, presents findings that depict retirement as a multidimensional transition characterized by mixed emotions, including relief, loneliness, and uncertainty. Retired educators engaged in community service, religious activities, mentoring, and part-time jobs to find new purpose while experiencing the loss of professional roles and rebuilding their identities. Some faced financial challenges, tried new livelihoods, and relied on family support to maintain economic stability and plan and manage resources amid various issues. They also enhanced resilience and a sense of belonging through social groups, especially peers, family, and church. This study highlights the importance of proactive retirement planning across all aspects of life. It is recommended that a narrative-based training manual be created to assist teachers in their planning for a meaningful life after retirement.
James Edison Sullano Andaya
This study provides a rigorous philosophical examination of the legislative language embedded within the Bangsamoro Autonomy Act No. 64 (BAA 64) and its impact on the recognition and rights of Non-Moro Indigenous Peoples (NMIPs). By employing a conceptual discourse analysis rooted in Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Language-Game Theory and Jürgen Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Action, the research systematically evaluates the law's semantic and procedural dimensions. Findings reveal that the BAA 64 suffers from critical semantic ambiguity, forcing a singular, state-centric legal framework over distinct indigenous cultural concepts and diluting their meaning. Furthermore, the study identifies severe procedural ambiguity, noting that the law's drafting favored dominant political structures over genuine, uncoerced communicative rationality. To address these shortcomings, the study proposes normative guidelines—semantic pluralism, dialogical formulation, contextual clarification, and ethical communication—emphasizing that marginalized groups must be treated as co-authoring subjects of legal discourse.
Abdul Rauf Ridzuan, Fazurah Mustaffa, Mohamad Hafifi Jamri, Noor Afzaliza Nazira Ibrahim, Nurzali Ismail, Siti Maria Mohamed Yusoof, Yusa Djuyandi
This study examines the role of family support in influencing university students’ overall well-being, particularly in terms of mental health, academic performance, and social well-being. Mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression are increasingly prevalent among students, making family support an important factor to consider. The study focuses on three main types of family support which is emotional, financial, and practical support, as well as family communication styles. The objectives of this study are to measure the impact of family support on academic performance, evaluate the effect of family communication on emotional well-being, and identify the relationship between family support and students’ social well-being. The findings indicate that financial support helps reduce academic-related stress, allowing students to focus better and achieve improved academic outcomes. In addition, open and supportive family communication, along with consistent emotional support, enhances emotional resilience and reduces the risk of mental health problems. However, excessive family pressure and ineffective communication can negatively affect students’ well-being. In terms of social well-being, family support contributes to better interpersonal relationships and a stronger sense of belonging, although not all students experience the same level of impact. Based on Social Support Theory, this study highlights that family support serves as a crucial protective factor in helping students cope with academic and life challenges. Therefore, strengthening family involvement through awareness programs and collaboration with educational institutions is essential to enhance students’ overall well-being and success.
Alvin M. Nieva, Annabel D. Quilon, Noel D. Santander
The focus of this review is The Benedictine Rule of Leadership, written by Galbraith & Galbraith (2004). It seeks to explore how a leadership framework dating back several centuries can remain relevant in present-day contexts. Based on the Rule of St. Benedict, the research highlights five central leadership principles: vision and purpose, empowerment and growth, culture and community, humility and integrity, and problem-solving and fairness. In a scoping literature review, thematic analysis was applied to academic sources found regarding the relationship between these principles and present-day ideas about leadership, such as servant leadership, ethical leadership, and authentic leadership. As shown by the findings, the Benedictine approach to leadership represents not only an interesting historical phenomenon but also a highly practical leadership ideology based on the interrelationship between ethics, personal integrity, and sustainable development. Although rooted in religion, this approach has universal applicability to various organizational settings where the establishment of trust, motivation, and stability is crucial. As can be seen, the relevance of this approach to modern organizational reality cannot be ignored, although there are potential limitations and challenges of applying Benedictine leadership in diverse, secular, or multicultural organizations.
Chavez, Felix Jr. C, Doan, Ngoc Dan
This study examined the relationships among teaching strategies, learning styles, motivation and attitudes of students toward mathematics. Using a quantitative research design, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to determine the levels of these variables and develop a structural model explaining their interrelationships. It was conducted among 380 grade 11 students from selected private senior high school institutions in Region XI, Philippines. Descriptive statistics revealed that teaching strategies were practiced at a high level, with teacher-centered strategies more prevalent than student-centered approaches. Learning styles were also rated as high, with visual style being the most preferred, followed by kinesthetic and auditory styles. Students’ motivation in learning mathematics was rated as moderate, with intrinsic value, self-regulation, and utility value rated high, while self-efficacy was moderate and test anxiety remained a concern. Students’ attitudes toward mathematics were also moderate, implying that although they generally value mathematics and exert effort in learning it, limited confidence and test anxiety may hinder stronger positive attitudes. Correlation analysis showed that teaching strategies and motivation had positive correlation with students’ attitudes toward mathematics, while learning styles showed a negative relationship, suggesting that different learning styles may influence students’ attitudes toward mathematics differently, depending on how they engage and perceive mathematical information. Moreover, the best-fit model demonstrated that motivation plays a dominant role in forming students’ attitude toward mathematics, followed by learning styles. On the other hand, teaching strategies can indirectly influence student’s attitudes by fostering motivation and learning styles.
Levan Kalmakhelidze, Nugzar Todua
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of digital content on consumers' online behavior. The article discusses the characteristics of digital content marketing in modern business. It highlights that Georgian companies are increasingly utilizing digital technologies; however, research on content marketing specifically related to online shopping is still limited, which hinders the development of the local market in this area. Based on an analysis of various literature, research hypotheses have been formulated, and a conceptual model for the study has been developed. This paper employs a quantitative research method, specifically an online survey. The main variables of the study include the perceived usefulness of content, ease of use, informativeness, consumer engagement, attitudes towards content, and purchasing intentions. A total of 805 respondents participated in the survey, and the data collected were processed using regression analysis. The study produced statistically significant results that validate the effectiveness of the developed model. The findings of this study hold theoretical significance for the advancement of content marketing. They will assist companies in creating content that is tailored to their target customers and in establishing effective communications with them.
Dr. Hafizah Binti Abdul Rahim, Dr. Mohd Fitri Bin Mansor, Muhammad Nasri Bin Haidar Ali
This study investigates the financial and non-financial factors contributing to poverty among B40 manufacturing employees in Penang, Malaysia. The primary objective is to examine the influence of employment stability, financial inclusion, financial literacy, family size, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and government financial assistance on poverty among low-income workers in the manufacturing sector. A quantitative research design was employed, where data were collected through questionnaires distributed to manufacturing employees in Penang. A total of 384 questionnaires were distributed, and 312 valid responses were obtained for analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), including reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings indicate that financial factors such as financial inclusion and financial literacy significantly influence poverty levels among B40 employees. In addition, non-financial factors including family size and health conditions also play an important role in determining economic vulnerability. The study highlights the importance of integrated policy approaches that combine financial empowerment with social and health support systems. Such strategies are essential to improve the economic resilience and well-being of B40 manufacturing employees in Penang.
Laston Milanzi, Professor Lubinda Habazoka
This study examined the effectiveness of risk management practices in reducing financial losses within Zambian state-owned enterprises, with Zambia Railways Limited (ZRL) serving as the focal case. The research was prompted by a persistent problem: despite the presence of formal risk management frameworks at ZRL, the company continued to experience significant financial inefficiencies and operational disruptions. This raised concerns about the practical effectiveness of these frameworks in mitigating financial losses. The primary objective of the study was therefore to evaluate the impact of four core risk management dimensions risk identification, risk awareness and training, risk mitigation, and risk monitoring on financial loss reduction at ZRL. A quantitative research design was adopted, involving the administration of structured questionnaires to 249 employees engaged in this study. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple hierarchy regression techniques. The findings revealed that all four dimensions of risk management were positively and significantly associated with financial loss reduction. Among them, risk monitoring emerged as the most influential predictor (r = 0.915, β = 0.992, p < 0.001), followed by risk mitigation (r = 0.686, β = 0.229, p < 0.001), risk awareness and training (r = 0.629, β = 0.203, p < 0.01), and risk identification (r = 0.578, β = 0.211, p < 0.001). In response to these findings, the study recommended the institutionalisation of real-time risk monitoring systems, enhancement of staff training and awareness programmes, development of structured risk identification protocols, and integration of mitigation strategies into strategic planning and budgeting processes. These measures are critical for strengthening financial oversight, reducing vulnerability to unforeseen losses, and enhancing operational continuity. The study concludes that a proactive, data-driven, and integrated approach to risk management holds significant potential for improving the financial sustainability of ZRL and similar state-owned enterprises in Zambia. Beyond its practical implications, the research contributes to the broader discourse on public sector financial governance in developing economies.
Maliza Mohd Nor, Masri Sulaiman, Nurshamimah Samsuddin
The rapid growth of e-commerce and increasing customer expectations for fast and reliable delivery have intensified the complexity of last-mile logistics, particularly among small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) logistics companies in Malaysia. Despite their critical role in the supply chain, many SMEs face challenges in optimizing delivery routes, reducing operational costs, and maintaining service quality due to limited technological capabilities and resource constraints. In this context, machine learning (ML) optimization models have emerged as a promising solution to enhance decision-making and operational efficiency in last-mile delivery. This study aims to investigate the application of machine learning-based optimization models in improving last-mile delivery performance among SME logistics companies in Malaysia, with a focus on identifying key factors influencing adoption and evaluating their impact on delivery efficiency, cost reduction, and service reliability. Drawing upon relevant theoretical perspectives, the study proposes a conceptual framework that integrates technological, organizational, and environmental factors in explaining ML adoption and its effectiveness. A quantitative research approach will be employed, involving data collection from SME logistics providers through structured questionnaires, and the data will be analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques to examine the relationships between ML adoption and performance outcomes. The expected findings will provide empirical insights into how ML-driven optimization can support SMEs in overcoming logistical challenges and achieving competitive advantage. This study contributes to both theory and practice by advancing the understanding of advanced analytics adoption in SME logistics and offering practical recommendations for industry stakeholders and policymakers to support digital transformation in last-mile delivery operations in Malaysia.
Gu Yuyang, Qiu Qilu, Sharip Zainal Sangkif Shek, Zairul Anuar Md. Dawam
With the rapid development of digital media, the shaping of urban images has gradually shifted from traditional publicity methods to a communication model led by cultural content. Film and television culture, with its advantages of strong appeal, wide dissemination scope and large audience base, has become the core medium for shaping and disseminating urban brands. Taking the book Research on Chinese Film & Television Culture and Urban Brand Communication as the core reference, this essay systematically explores the interactive logic and realization path between Chinese film and television culture and urban brand communication. The core viewpoint of the book points out that the successful communication of urban brands needs to dig deep into the core of local culture, realize in-depth binding with film and television content, and achieve the continuous empowerment of film and television works on urban images through the creation and long-term operation of characteristic IPs. Supported by the film and television practice of Urban Vitality of Yucheng and cases of many cities in China, this essay supplements relevant data on film and television communication, urban cultural tourism and brand influence, demonstrates the symbiotic relationship between film and television culture and urban brand communication, and puts forward a three-dimensional path of “culture as the foundation, IP as the empowerment, and industrial coordination”, so as to provide theoretical reference and practical reference for small and medium-sized cities.
Hua Rong, Pavani Malaa Meganathan
In recent years, the need to enhance the quality of vocational education in China has intensified, particularly in the training of preschool teacher trainees. As a critical component of pre-service teacher training, the quality of educational internships directly impacts trainees’ teaching performance. This study conducts a systematic literature review to examine the effects of the Orff and Dalcroze music pedagogical approaches on the teaching performance of preschool teacher trainees in vocational colleges. Relevant domestic and international studies published between 2010 and 2025 were analysed using thematic synthesis. The findings indicate that both approaches significantly enhance trainees’ instructional competence, particularly in promoting classroom interactivity, improving the ability to engage and guide young learners, and fostering creativity and adaptability in lesson design. However, implementation differences exist; the Orff approach is easier to master initially due to its structured framework and tool support, while the Dalcroze method demands higher musical literacy and improvisational skills, presenting greater implementation challenges. Additionally, the study also identified key factors influencing pedagogical effectiveness, including trainees’ theoretical foundations, skill levels, reflective abilities, and the adequacy of external support systems. Based on these findings, the study recommends, optimising pedagogical training models, strengthening practical guidance and resource provision, enhancing trainees’ professional competencies, and prioritising localised adaptation of teaching methods. The study’s significance lies in offering theoretical support and practical guidance for early childhood educator training, advancing the quality development of early childhood education programmes, and contributing to the overall professional competence of early childhood educators.
Ajayi, Temitope Michael, Bankole, A.M, Oso Ibitayo Olamide, Oyinlade Morenike Busayo
Proverbs in Yoruba play an important communicative feature as they strongly propagate ideologies. One of such ideologies that the Yoruba proverbs have been observed to have reproduced is the ableist ideology. Hence, this study focuses on how Yoruba proverbs encode and reproduce ableist ideology in everyday discourse. Drawing data purposively from Owomoyela’s Yoruba Proverbs, this study uses the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis, Critical Disability and Conceptual Metaphor Theories to analyse data. The data showed that Yoruba proverbs reproduce ideologies by portraying the disabled as incapable, dependent, and deficient and as people that cannot achieve their goals. The paper shows how disability is portrayed in the Yoruba context and calls for a re-education of language users towards the plight of the disabled.
Burhan Niode, Leonardus Ricky Rengkung, Stella Maria Paendong, Very Y. Londa
In today’s rapidly evolving and disruptive business environment, organizations are increasingly challenged to generate and maintain competitive advantage. This study presents a comprehensive literature review about absorptive capacity—defined as a firm’s ability to acquire and assimilate external knowledge, as potential absorptive capacity, to transform and exploit new knowledge, as realized absorptive capacity—related to competitive advantage, by synthesizing prior research from strategic knowledge management perspectives. The review identifies key themes, theoretical foundations, and empirical findings that link absorptive capacity to competitive advantage. The study explores how firms leverage absorptive capacity to adapt to disruptions, foster and improve competitive performance of firm. It highlights the relationship between knowledge acquisition processes and organizational performance, emphasizing that firms with strong absorptive capacity are better positioned to anticipate changes and respond effectively. The study also discusses key determinants of absorptive capacity, including organizational learning, prior knowledge, and knowledge-sharing mechanisms. Findings suggest that absorptive capacity strengthens resilience and long-term competitiveness in uncertain environments. The paper concludes by offering managerial implications for building and sustaining absorptive capacity as a strategic asset in the context of disruptive business environment.
Dr. Cesar A. Arao
The COVID-19 pandemic forced a rapid shift to flexible learning, posing significant challenges to academic performance, particularly for AB Political Science students at Bicol University College of Social Sciences and Philosophy (BUCSSP). This study, grounded in Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, examined how interconnected systems, ranging from individual environments to broader institutional and societal factors, shaped students' experiences during the 2nd semester of AY 2023-2024. Using a descriptive quantitative research design, data were collected from 72 students via online surveys, utilizing Slovin’s Formula for sample size determination. Key findings revealed that while most students had access to technology and stable internet, issues such as noise, household disruptions, power instability, and inadequate submission flexibility hindered learning. Concerns about instructional pacing, delayed feedback, and limited teaching methods were also highlighted, alongside insufficient hardcopy materials and library resources. Recommendations include enhancing access to hardcopy materials, providing backup power solutions, diversifying teaching methods, and improving feedback timeliness. Addressing household disruptions and noise through awareness programs or support mechanisms is also vital. These measures aim to create a more supportive and effective flexible learning environment, ensuring equitable academic opportunities during crises and beyond.
Jade Rey B. Baltazar, Leo C. Naparota
Discipline in criminology education is both an academic and ethical imperative. This study explored how student discipline fosters academic success among criminology students in one of the colleges in Lanao del Norte. It was participated by ten Criminology students in the institution who were purposively chosen. In-depth interviews were conducted with high-performing participants. Guided by the 4D cycle (Discover, Dream, Design, Destiny), the study uncovers key themes: cultivating academic success through self-discipline and supportive motivational support; envisioning a supportive and structured learning environment, developing structured academic practices and support systems; and sustaining a culture of discipline through personal commitment and peer support. Academic success is fostered through a dynamic interplay of self-discipline, structured support systems, and a nurturing learning environment, sustained by personal commitment and collaborative peer support. The institution may empower teachers, and administrators to implement weekly study schedules, mentorship pairs, and policy enforcements, promoting a discipline culture that extends to professional resilience.
Orlando Mammay Kiwaon
The increasing demand for affordable and sustainable protein sources has led to the exploration of non-conventional food resources with nutritional potential. Golden kuhol (Pomacea canaliculata), an invasive freshwater snail, has been identified as a promising alternative protein source; however, limited studies have examined its nutritional value, health benefits, and consumer acceptability when used in traditional Filipino dishes such as sisig. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional composition and potential health benefits of golden kuhol, evaluate the sensory acceptability of golden kuhol sisig in terms of aroma, color, taste, texture, and overall acceptability, and determine whether there are any significant differences in sensory evaluation between the two product treatments. Results showed that golden kuhol is nutritionally rich, containing high-quality protein, low fat content, and essential minerals such as calcium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc. The presence of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties further supports its potential as a functional food ingredient. Sensory evaluation conducted among students, carinderia owners, and farmers revealed high acceptability across all attributes, particularly aroma, taste, and overall acceptability. Statistical analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between the two treatments. Overall, golden kuhol sisig is a viable, nutritious, and culturally acceptable alternative protein source that supports sustainable food production without compromising sensory quality.
Jaff Lionel Leinyuy
Land is a vital resource that human beings need for sustenance. Issues of secured access to land control and management has been a perennial problem to youths that depends on land for survival. Ethnic heterogeneity, complex historical events and cultural diversity have made land tenure to vary both in their ancient and contemporary manifestations. The right to land and the extent to which youths can have secured access to land can only go as far as the law permits. This paper seeks to examine the land reforms in Cameroon and its implications to secured access to land by youths, taking in to cognizance the recent government policy to encourage second generation agriculture with focused to reduce youth unemployment. A qualitative and quantitative research protocol was explored where data was collected using primary and secondary sources to better understand the dynamics of access to land by youths and the implications to their livelihood. The findings reveals that Secured access to land by youths in Cameroon is a problem as the 1974 land ordinance does not give room for the youth to have access to land Certificate. The ordinance reveals that those born after 1974 cannot have access to land certificate in which the land certificate is the only official document that secure land ownership. Youths therefore occupy land under national domain in which the state is the guardian of land in this domain. Land under this domain is open for concessions and expropriation by investors. The government policies of encouraging second generation agriculture and youths to embark on agriculture as a source of livelihood have raise concerns on secured access to land by the youths in Cameroon. The paper recommends the need for an inclusive land law reform that takes into cognizance the rights of youths on secured access to land in Cameroon.
Jonathan A. Bermas Jr
This quantitative descriptive-correlational study assessed the levels of adaptability, resilience, and emotional intelligence among police trainees of the Public Safety Basic Recruit Course (PSBRC) 2024-01 at the National Headquarters/National Support Unit Police Training Center (NHQ-NSUs PTC) under the Philippine National Police (PNP). A total of 169 trainees participated in the survey using standardized instruments: the Individual Adaptability Measure (I-ADAPT-M), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25), and Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS).
Md. Reyad Hossen, Msd. Sanjida Akter Mim, Md. Refayet Ullah, Md. Imam Hossain
The quantitative workload is the most crucial factor influencing employee well-being and mental health, especially in Bangladeshi garment workers. This study aimed to culturally adapt and validate the Quantitative Workload Inventory (QWI). The adaptation process followed established cross-cultural guidelines, including forward and backward translation, expert review, and pre-testing. The finalized Bangla QWI was administered to 406 ready-made garment (RMG) workers, and its psychometric properties were evaluating classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) approaches. Findings revealed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .821, McDonald’s ω = .834), satisfactory item discrimination, an acceptable test-retest reliability (r = .728), and a single-factor structure of the Bangla-QWI supported by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Graded Response Model (GRM) analysis supported item performance. Measurement invariance findings across gender showed configural, metric, and scalar invariance, supporting the scales’ comparability between male and female workers. Convergent validity was evidenced by a significant positive association with mental health difficulties (r = .330, p = < .001). It is a valid and culturally reliable tool for measuring workload among RMG workers. It helps researchers and organizations in designing interventions to manage workload and promote worker health.
Dr. Odeke Joseph Nato, Dr. Stackus Okwaput, Mr. Twinamatsiko Alex, Prof. John Baptist Okech
The study sought to explore curriculum adaptation practices in inclusive primary schools, with a particular focus on how teachers adapt curriculum to support Learners with Intellectual Disabilities that Require Limited Support (LIDRLS). Its main objective was to explore how the curriculum is adapted to meet the needs of these learners in inclusive primary schools in Isingiro District. The study employed a qualitative approach using an exploratory case study design. Data were collected from head teachers, classroom teachers, and learners with intellectual disabilities requiring limited support through interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. A total of (N=20) participants were involved, comprising (N= 4) head teachers, (N= 4) teachers, and (N=12) learners with intellectual disabilities that require limited support.
Evangeline I. Galamiton
The implementation of the Strengthened Senior High School Curriculum has placed increasing demands on teachers to adapt their instructional practices, particularly in General Mathematics where learners often exhibit diverse levels of readiness. Despite curriculum reforms, persistent gaps remain in understanding how teachers navigate instructional challenges and which strategies effectively support learner learning. Addressing this gap, the present inquiry explored the adaptive strategies employed by General Mathematics teachers, the factors influencing these strategies, and their impact on classroom practices and learning outcomes. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study gathered data from General Mathematics teachers through semi-structured interviews. The responses were analyzed using thematic analysis to generate patterns across challenges, strategies, and influencing factors. Findings revealed that teachers encounter significant challenges including foundational learner learning gaps, limited instructional time, resource shortages, and learner-related issues such as math anxiety and low motivation. To respond, teachers employ diverse adaptive strategies such as scaffolding, differentiated instruction, contextualization, technology integration, and flexible assessments. These strategies are shaped by learner needs, availability of resources, administrative support, and teacher experience. The adaptive practices resulted in improved learner comprehension, increased engagement, enhanced confidence, reduced anxiety, and a shift toward more learner-centered instruction. Overall, the study concludes that teacher adaptability is essential for the successful implementation of General Mathematics under the Strengthened SHS Curriculum. The findings imply the need for sustained professional development, stronger institutional support, and improved resource allocation to ensure that adaptive practices are consistently implemented and optimized for learner success.
Caironisah C. Regaro
This study examined the perspectives, attitudes, and behavioral intentions of college students toward the use of ChatGPT in academic writing. Anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study employed a mixed-methods descriptive–correlational design using survey questionnaires and focus group discussions. The study was conducted among 152 college students at IQRA Development Academy Inc. Results showed high perceived usefulness (M = 4.50), particularly in idea generation, writing improvement, and task efficiency. Perceived ease of use was also high (M = 4.38), indicating that ChatGPT is accessible, although effective use requires skill in prompt construction. Students demonstrated positive attitudes (M = 4.32) and favorable behavioral intentions (M = 4.25) toward using ChatGPT in academic writing. Spearman’s rho revealed significant moderate positive relationships between behavioral intention and perceived usefulness (ρ = .511, p < .05) and perceived ease of use (ρ = .489, p < .05). Qualitative findings supported the quantitative results. Students reported benefits such as improved grammar, clearer organization of ideas, increased confidence, and time efficiency. However, concerns were raised regarding plagiarism, overreliance, and the accuracy of AI-generated content. Participants emphasized the need for institutional guidance, training, and clear policies.
Abdul Muhaimin Abd Wahid, Muhammad Hafizuddin Mustaffa, Norazlin Mat Salleh, Siti Nurhayati Hussin, Syarifah Nur Nazihah Syed Jamalulil
The adoption of digital technologies in construction measurement and estimation has become increasingly important in enhancing accuracy, efficiency, and overall project performance within the Malaysian construction industry. Despite these benefits, the industry continues to face several challenges, including reliance on traditional practices, high implementation costs, lack of skilled personnel, and resistance to organisational change. This study aims to identify effective strategies to support the successful adoption of digital technologies in construction measurement and estimation. A quantitative research approach was employed, involving a structured questionnaire survey distributed to quantity surveyors in Selangor. A total of 116 valid responses were obtained, representing a response rate of 49.15%. The collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) based on a 5-point Likert scale. The findings reveal that enhancing skills development and training is the most critical strategy for facilitating digital adoption. This is followed by other significant strategies, including strengthening government policies and financial incentives, increasing investment in research and development (R&D), standardising processes and systems, and promoting collaboration and knowledge sharing among industry stakeholders. The results emphasise the importance of human capital development and strong institutional support in overcoming existing barriers. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to accelerate digital transformation in construction measurement and estimation. The implementation of these strategies can significantly improve cost accuracy, reduce inefficiencies, and enhance the overall competitiveness of the Malaysian construction industry. This aligns with the national agenda of advancing towards Construction 4.0 and achieving the objectives outlined in the Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP).
Boemo Sekgoma, Jacob Ntsholeng Segale, Krishna Seegobin, Munashe Tofa
This article examines the role of parliamentary oversight in advancing Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) and HIV governance within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Utilising a qualitative, document-based methodology, the study conducts a descriptive and comparative analysis of programme implementation data from the SADC Parliamentary Forum (SADC-PF) SRHR, HIV, and AIDS Governance Project (October 2024 to November 2025). The analysis, supported by data triangulation and thematic coding in Atlas.ti 24, reveals that regional-level institutional strengthening and capacity-building initiatives anchored on SADC-PF’s model laws, peer-learning platforms, and regional norms serve as conduits through which national Parliaments can enhance their legislative, budgetary, and oversight functions. Without this regional catalyst, national-level capacity-building alone is insufficient to drive harmonised, sustained health governance reform. The findings demonstrate significant achievements in legislative reform, increased health budget allocations, and strengthened accountability mechanisms across 13 member parliaments. This Article introduces a conceptual framework derived from the SADC-PF’s approach, illustrating the causal pathway from capacity-building inputs to tangible governance outcomes and, ultimately, the advancement of health rights. The study concludes that regional parliamentary forums are critical platforms for harmonising norms, fostering peer learning, and catalysing national-level reforms, thereby creating a more conducive environment for the realisation of universal access to SRHR and HIV services, in alignment with SDG 3. This research provides a replicable model for parliamentary strengthening and offers evidence-based recommendations for enhancing health governance in the Global South.
Akua Animah Twumasi, Chief Akomeah Bright, Kwame Ntow-Gyan, Kyeremeh Kofi
This study examined the contribution of Quality Assurance (QA) processes to the enhancement of academic standards at Technical Universities in Ghana. It specifically investigated the nature of the Quality Assurance and Control Unit (QACU) at Sunyani Technical University; the nature of quality assurance processes at technical universities, the role of students in maintaining quality assurance, and the challenges affecting the effectiveness of QA systems. A case study design was adopted, using questionnaires to collect data from a sample of 100 respondents comprising students, lecturers, and QA officials. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, means, and standard deviations, were used for analysis, alongside regression techniques to examine the influence of identified challenges on QACU effectiveness. Findings revealed that the QACU plays a significant role in promoting academic quality, ensuring policy compliance, and supporting continuous improvement in teaching and learning. Students were also found to contribute meaningfully through feedback mechanisms, promotion of academic integrity, and involvement in institutional improvement processes, although their participation in formal governance structures remains limited. However, the effectiveness of the QA system is constrained by challenges such as inadequate funding, limited human resource capacity, weak institutional support, and poor coordination among QA bodies. The study concludes that strengthening institutional resources, enhancing stakeholder participation, and improving coordination mechanisms are essential for sustaining effective quality assurance in higher education.
Farid Samedov, Gunel Rzayeva, Rashad Nematzade, Rauf Ragimov
Improvement of diagnostics systems and application of new information technologies based on high-resolution space imagery decoding play an important role in ensuring safe operation of trunk pipelines for energy transportation.This paper analyses various methods of space imagery to solve the tasks of diagnostics of trunk oil and gas pipelines in order to assess their condition and timely detection of potentially hazardous areas
Bavani Ramayah, Jayakumar Raj, Logaiswari Indiran, Meenakshi Murugappan
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical enabler of Industry 4.0 transformation, offering manufacturing firms opportunities to enhance productivity, operational efficiency, and data-driven decision-making. However, adoption among small and medium enterprises (SMEs), particularly in developing economies, remains uneven. This study examines the challenges influencing AI adoption among Malaysian manufacturing SMEs through the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework. A qualitative research design was employed, drawing on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 10 manufacturing SME owners and managers. The findings reveal that technological challenges remain substantial, particularly high implementation costs, legacy machinery incompatibility, limited data infrastructure, and the absence of scalable AI solutions tailored to SME production environments. From an organizational perspective, although leadership awareness toward AI is generally positive, workforce capability gaps, limited digital training structures, vendor dependency, and resistance to constrain implementation readiness. Environmental factors exert both pressure and constraint, as supply chain digitalization requirements and competitive intensity drive adoption urgency, yet institutional support mechanisms remain procedurally complex and underutilized. Collectively, the study demonstrates that AI adoption is not determined by technological availability alone but by the alignment of technological readiness, organizational capability, and ecosystem facilitation. The study contributes empirically grounded insights to SME digital transformation discourse and offers practical implications for policymakers, technology providers, and manufacturing firms seeking to accelerate inclusive AI adoption.
Dr. Jetal J. Panchal
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly influencing the field of education by transforming teaching–learning interactions, administrative processes, and professional competencies. As AI-driven systems such as adaptive learning platforms, virtual assistants, analytics dashboards, and communication tools become common in schools and higher education institutions, their impact extends beyond academics into the domain of personality development. Personality development encompasses cognitive skills, emotional maturity, social communication, behavioural adaptability, and self-regulation—competencies essential for success in the 21st century. This study examines the influence of AI on personality development for students, teachers, and administrators, based exclusively on secondary data, including policy documents, research articles, EdTech reports, and global studies. For students, AI-based applications foster cognitive growth through personalised learning, problem-solving simulations, and instant feedback systems. Emotional and behavioural development is supported by mindfulness apps, gamified learning, and communication tools that promote confidence, self-expression, and collaborative behaviour. For teachers, AI encourages professional growth by strengthening digital competence, reflective practice, classroom management, and emotional resilience through data-driven insights. Administrators benefit through improved decision-making, leadership efficiency, and behavioural adaptability informed by AI-based analytics and automated systems. Key insights from literature show that AI enhances communication skills, emotional intelligence, adaptability, self-regulation, and collaborative behaviour across all educational stakeholders. However, responsible AI use, digital literacy, and ethical awareness are essential to maximize positive personality outcomes. Overall, AI emerges as a catalyst for multidimensional personality development and professional growth within modern educational ecosystems.
Jamilah binti Omar, Yan Yikang
This study examines how generative artificial intelligence (AI) can be integrated into visual design education through a heritage-based learning project focused on Chinese tiger symbolism. Rather than treating AI as a simple image-generation tool, the study investigates its pedagogical role in supporting students’ creative exploration, cultural interpretation, and critical reflection during the design process. A qualitative case study was conducted in a university-level visual design course involving 24 undergraduate students. During a practice-based project, students used generative AI tools, including MidJourney, Stable Diffusion, and ChatGPT, to explore, generate, and refine visual representations of Chinese tiger symbolism. Data were collected through reflective journals, focus group discussions, design artefacts, and classroom observations, and were analyzed thematically.
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Emmanuel A. Bayta
The Alternative Learning System (ALS) provides a vital educational pathway for out‑of‑school youth and adults in the Philippines and often serves as a stepping stone for volunteer teachers aspiring to secure permanent positions in the Department of Education (DepEd). This study explored the lived experiences of former ALS volunteer teachers in Maramag, Bukidnon, focusing on their motivations, sacrifices, coping mechanisms, and professional advice for aspiring educators. A qualitative phenomenological design was employed, and data were gathered from 15 purposively selected participants through semi‑structured interviews conducted either face‑to‑face or via Google Forms, depending on participants’ availability and location. Transcripts were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns in participants’ professional trajectories. Findings show that mentorship, community support, and the success stories of former ALS volunteers were the primary drivers that encouraged participants to pursue formal teaching careers, outweighing financial incentives. Despite this strong sense of mission, participants experienced pervasive financial instability, irregular or minimal honoraria, and a lack of instructional resources, which required significant personal and economic sacrifices. To cope with these challenges, they drew on purpose‑driven resilience—anchored in commitment to learners, faith, social support networks, and practical strategies such as side jobs and careful budgeting. Participants advised aspiring ALS volunteers to balance “heart and skill” by pairing compassion and patience with intentional professional preparation, continuous learning, and strategic planning for career progression. The study concludes that while intrinsic motivation and personal sacrifice sustain many ALS volunteers, relying on these alone is unsustainable and inequitable, particularly for those from less advantaged backgrounds. The findings underscore the need for DepEd and partner institutions to formalize mentorship structures, strengthen financial and resource support, and establish more structured hiring pathways that recognize ALS experience as a legitimate foundation for entry into the public school system. These insights contribute to ongoing discussions on ALS policy and teacher development by highlighting how volunteer‑to‑teacher pathways can be made more just, stable, and strategically integrated into the basic education workforce.
Yamiko Banda
This study examined the impact of a bank merger on retail customer loyalty in Zambia, using a case study of a commercial bank merger that took place in 2024. The general objective of the study was to analyze how bank mergers influence retail customer loyalty, with specific emphasis on identifying key determinants of loyalty, examining challenges experienced during the merger process, and evaluating measures that can enhance customer loyalty, retention, and satisfaction in a post-merger environment. The study further assessed the roles of customer satisfaction, brand perception and digital banking experience in shaping retail customer loyalty. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was derived from internal customer experience metrics, including Customer Satisfaction Scores (CSAT), Customer Effort Scores (CES), and Net Promoter Scores (NPS). Qualitative data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with retail management officials. Statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to determine the strength and direction of relationships between retail customer loyalty and its key predictors, while thematic analysis was applied to interpret qualitative insights. The findings revealed that retail customer loyalty in the context of bank mergers is multidimensional, influenced by both attitudinal and behavioral factors. Quantitative results showed that brand perception and digital banking experience are the strongest drivers of customer loyalty, with very strong positive correlations (r = 0.905 and r = 0.94, respectively) and significant regression coefficients (β = 0.42 and β = 0.28). Customer satisfaction exhibited a moderate influence (r = 0.551; β = 0.30), reflecting service gaps, particularly in the contact center. The model explained approximately 64% of the variation in customer loyalty (R² ≈ 0.64), indicating strong explanatory power. Despite improvements in customer experience metrics, including an increase in NPS from negative to positive levels and gradual improvements in CSAT and CES, performance remained below target thresholds. Qualitative findings revealed that retail customer loyalty is strongly influenced by trust, service quality, communication, digital reliability, and staff engagement. However, the merger process introduced challenges such as service disruptions, communication gaps, and inconsistent customer experiences, which negatively affected customer trust and satisfaction. A key finding of the study was the distinction between transactional activity and true customer loyalty. While many customers remained active post-merger, high transaction volumes were accompanied by low deposit retention, as customers frequently transferred funds to mobile money platforms and competing financial institutions. This indicates the presence of partial or functional loyalty, where customers engage with the bank without strong relational commitment. The study concluded that bank mergers present both risks and opportunities for retail customer loyalty. While disruptions can weaken customer trust in the short term, effective post-merger strategies can restore and strengthen customer relationships. The study recommends that banks adopt a holistic customer loyalty framework that integrates service quality improvements, digital banking reliability, proactive communication, and personalized customer engagement. Specific recommendations include strengthening contact center performance, enhancing system reliability, leveraging data analytics for customer retention, promoting deposit retention strategies, and standardizing delivery service across channels. At a regulatory level, the study recommended that supervisory authorities incorporate customer experience and retention considerations into merger approval frameworks to safeguard consumer confidence. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of retail customer loyalty dynamics in transitional banking environments and provides practical insights into managing retail customer relationships in the aftermath of bank mergers.
Dr. Kalpana
The paper deals with public perception of contemporary IT issues constitute digital divide, cybersecurity, data privacy, and AI ethics, while also contemplating the role of global digital synergies in catapulting the India Viksit Bharat 2047 project. Methodology — The design constructed has that of a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey. One hundred and ten samples have drawn purposively by the respondent-aided method online from adult residents of Jaipur District, Rajasthan as a case study. Statistical tools have used descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations and multiple-regression modelling through SPSS-29 software (Windows) to establish relations between digital literacy, issue-awareness, citizen concerns, and willingness in contributing to national IT initiatives. Findings & Results — Mean composite scores show moderately high digital-literacy (M = 3.55, SD = 0.76) and awareness (M = 3.60, SD = 0.59), but only average confidence in local IT infrastructure (M = 3.52, SD = 0.54). Digital-literacy showed a weak, non-significant positive correlation with 'global-synergy' perceptions (r = .08, p > .05), whereas concerns regarding data misuse and job displacement with borderline levels of significance alone predicted proactive engagement (β = .41, p = .066). Value and Implications — Closer examination reveals persistent urban-rural and education gaps, thus placing the onus upon policymakers to priorities targeted capacity-building and steel enforcement to divert bottom-up concerns toward constructive participation.
Bharath Kishore T. P., Dr. K. Kaavya
This study examines the effectiveness of the purchase accounting system at the Material Management Complex (MMC) of NLC India Limited (NLCIL), a Navaratna public sector enterprise engaged in mining and power generation. Purchase accounting plays a vital role in ensuring proper recording, verification, and control of procurement-related financial transactions. The study is based on primary data collected from 110 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, mean score analysis, and correlation analysis were applied using IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings reveal that efficient purchase accounting practices, including timely invoice processing, accurate ledger maintenance, and effective use of SAP ERP (FICO module), significantly contribute to financial accuracy and operational efficiency. The correlation results indicate a positive relationship between purchase accounting practices and financial performance. The study suggests enhancing automation, strengthening internal controls, and improving coordination between departments to ensure better transparency, compliance, and overall effectiveness of the purchase accounting system.
C.A.C. Chukwunka, Zulaihatu A. Zubair
This study examines the factors responsible for social conflicts in Nigeria, a country with a plural society and a history of social injustice. The research explores how deprivation of rights, social discrimination, inequality, and imbalance in the social structure contribute to conflicts. The need for all citizens to benefit from a safe and pleasant environment, entails fair distribution of resources amongst the plural groups. The lack of it calls for sufficient public action and real danger for a social breakdown. The constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria 1999 advocated the principle of state social order based on the ideals of freedom, equality and justice. In furtherance of this social order, in 1996, federal character commission was established with responsibility to promote, monitor and enforce compliance with the principles of proportional sharing of all bureaucratic, economic, media and political posts at all levels of government. The social contract and social justice theories were the Theoretical frameworks. The study adopted a survey design method and interview were conducted in structured in-depth and key informant interviews with 200 respondents from different ethnic groups. Data collected through the interviews were analyzed using frequency tabulation, percentage, thematic summaries. There was selection of sample size from the population of the study. Findings from the study showed that, there are pervasiveness of political imbalance, which has led to one component unit being stronger than other parts of the plural segment. Consequent upon these findings, the study recommends a restructure where the federating units are equal in the natural opportunities and resource allocation. In conclusion, the research also suggests a revisit to the 2014 national sovereign conference as a way forward for Nigeria’s unity.
J.O. Ikubor, M.C Duru, S.O. Akinmurele, Z. S. Saheed
Small and medium-scale agricultural enterprises (SMAEs) are widely recognised as a foundational component of rural economic life in sub-Saharan Africa, yet their specific effects on household welfare within localised farming communities remain insufficiently examined. This study empirically investigates the impact of SMAEs on household welfare and employment generation in Kariji, Southern Kaduna, a predominantly livestock-farming community in north-central Nigeria. Adopting a descriptive survey design, primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 348 purposively selected respondents from a registered population of 2,650 SMEs in Kaduna State and analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square hypothesis testing, and OLS regression at a 5% significance level. Survey instrument reliability was confirmed with Cronbach’s Alpha values of 0.79–0.81 across all scales. Descriptive findings reveal moderately positive perceptions of SMAE contributions across six household welfare dimensions, namely financial well-being, improved living standards, reduced external dependency, healthcare access, food security, and education cost coverage, with means ranging from 2.99 to 3.14, alongside four employment dimensions with means between 2.92 and 3.02. Chi-square analysis indicates no statistically significant impact on either household welfare or employment creation, with all p-values substantially exceeding the 0.05 threshold. However, OLS regression controlling for household size, enterprise tenure, and enterprise type reveals that funding constraints, regulatory burden, and infrastructure deficits exert significant independent suppressive effects on welfare (R² = 0.218; F = 11.82; p < 0.001) and employment outcomes (R² = 0.191; F = 9.93; p < 0.001), explaining the apparent disconnect between moderate positive descriptive perceptions and chi-square inferential insignificance. These outcomes are attributed to compounding structural barriers including limited access to affordable finance, inadequate rural infrastructure, unfavourable regulatory conditions, poor market linkages, and insufficient entrepreneurial capacity. Grounded in Social Capital Theory and the Resource-Based View, the study recommends targeted microcredit expansion, rural infrastructure investment, entrepreneurial capacity building, regulatory reform, and cooperative market development as pathways to unlocking the developmental potential of agricultural SMEs in rural Nigeria.
Chimbamilonga Kapinga Molia Kunda Simwaba, Moffat Chawala
This study examined the critical success factors influencing digital marketing adoption among service based businesses in Lusaka, Zambia. The objectives were to identify digital marketing practices that drive adoption, assess the influence of environmental factors and determine the barriers and enablers shaping effective digital marketing use. A descriptive research design was applied and data were collected from 385 businesses using structured questionnaires. Analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation tests and multiple regression modelling. Findings showed that online advertising and social media marketing were the most widely adopted strategies, with high mean scores of 4.577 and 4.540. Email marketing recorded low usage (mean 2.584), while affiliate marketing showed moderate adoption (mean 3.410). Environmental conditions had strong influence on digital marketing, particularly market dynamics (mean 4.904) and environmental influence (mean 4.665). Regression analysis showed that environmental factors explained 79 percent of the variance in digital marketing adoption. The strongest predictors were the political, economic and social environment (β = 0.5014, p < 0.001), environmental influence (β = 0.2576, p < 0.001) and market dynamics (β = 0.1117, p < 0.011). Barriers identified included lack of management support, digital skills shortages, high costs and poor technological infrastructure. Major enablers included increased mobile and internet access, supportive organizational culture, use of data analytics and government support. The study concludes that digital marketing adoption is shaped by the interaction of internal capabilities, environmental pressures and enabling conditions. Strengthening digital infrastructure, improving digital literacy and enhancing regulatory support are recommended to advance digital marketing effectiveness in Zambia’s service sector.
Abang Ikhbal Abang Bolhil, Atifah Othman, Nor Fadzlina Nawi, Nuraisyah Chua Abdullah, Nurulhasni Shaari, Nurulhuda Adabiah Mustafa, Siti Marina Amit
The governance of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) in Malaysia remains structurally constrained by fragmented federal–state jurisdiction, legal pluralism, and the limited authority of existing heritage institutions under the National Heritage Act 2005 (Act 645). Although Malaysia possesses a rich and diverse cultural heritage, current governance mechanisms remain largely advisory in nature and lack the institutional autonomy and enforceable authority necessary to address complex disputes involving federal agencies, state religious authorities, indigenous customary systems, and local communities. This study proposes an innovative operational framework for establishing an Independent Intangible Cultural Heritage Commission (IICHC) in Malaysia, a legally empowered, participatory governance institution capable of addressing these longstanding structural deficiencies. Employing a hybrid qualitative methodology integrating doctrinal legal analysis, legal pluralism theory, comparative institutional evaluation, and case-based analysis, the study examines constitutional, statutory, and governance challenges within Malaysia’s existing heritage framework. Comparative insights are drawn from Indonesia, the Philippines, and Japan to identify institutional practices relevant to plural legal environments and decentralised governance systems. The findings reveal that effective safeguarding of ICH requires more than administrative preservation measures; it necessitates an autonomous institutional mechanism capable of mediating competing normative systems, harmonising federal and state policies, and empowering heritage communities through participatory governance. The proposed Commission is therefore conceptualised as a statutory body or quasi-judicial tribunal anchored upon three interrelated mandates: dispute resolution and mediation, policy harmonisation and coordination, and community empowerment and participation. The framework contributes to contemporary scholarship on heritage governance, legal pluralism, and institutional reform by demonstrating how inclusive and legally coordinated governance mechanisms may strengthen cultural safeguarding within plural constitutional systems. Furthermore, the proposed model advances Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 concerning peace, justice, and strong institutions, while supporting SDG 8 through sustainable cultural tourism, creative industries, and community-based economic development.
Dr. Mahendra Sharma, Harsh Saini, Mr. Badal Bhushan, Neeraj Kumar, Prince Kumar Saxena, Sachin Kumar
Healthcare systems generate large volumes of unstructured data such as patient reviews, prescriptions, and clinical notes, making it challenging to extract meaningful insights for decision-making. This paper proposes a medicine recommendation system using Natural Language Processing (NLP) combined with advanced deep learning techniques to improve accuracy and reliability. The system utilizes Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to perform context-aware sentiment analysis of patient reviews, enabling better understanding of drug effectiveness and side effects. Additionally, a medical knowledge graph is integrated to ensure clinically safe recommendations by validating drug–disease relationships and identifying contraindications. To enhance usability, the system incorporates personalization based on patient-specific factors such as age, medical history, and allergies. The proposed model follows a structured pipeline including data preprocessing, feature extraction, sentiment analysis, safety validation, and recommendation generation. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the system outperforms traditional machine learning approaches in terms of accuracy, precision, and recommendation quality. The proposed approach provides a reliable, efficient, and scalable solution for intelligent medicine recommendation, with potential applications in telemedicine and digital healthcare systems.
Abdul Amzar Abdul Razak, Akid Ashrof, Ashrof Zainuddin
Global concerns regarding energy conservation, climate change, and the depletion of non-renewable resources have catalysed a worldwide shift toward sustainable architecture. Despite the clear societal benefits, green building remains an uncommon practice in Malaysia due to unique market barriers prevalent in developing nations. This disparity is particularly pronounced in Ipoh; as the capital of Perak, Ipoh trails behind other Malaysian cities in Green Building Index (GBI) certifications, failing to set the necessary precedent for regional sustainable development. This study employs a qualitative methodology to investigate the factors hindering green building adoption in Ipoh. Primary data was gathered through interviews with experienced property managers and validated by two GBI-certified informants to ensure a correlation between academic literature and real-world conditions. The findings identify high material costs—driven by an insufficient local supply chain—and a shortage of specialized labour as primary "sluggishness" factors. Furthermore, the research compares theoretical demand drivers such as cost savings and prestige against practical field insights such as owner awareness and aesthetic structural design. The results confirm that the obstacles identified in the literature are deeply rooted in the practical reality of Ipoh's property sector. By bridging the gap between theory and practice, this study provides a framework for improving green building implementation, offering valuable insights for real estate stakeholders and supporting government efforts to mitigate the environmental impact of urban development.
Doubra, B, Ewododhe A.C.A, Kperegbeyi, J.I, Nwadiolu R
This study evaluated the profitability and profit-efficiency of cassava production among registered sole producers in Delta State, Nigeria, and identified key drivers of per‑unit profit. Using multistage random sampling, 300 cassava farmers were surveyed and enterprise budgets, sensitivity analysis, and a profit‑function regression were applied. Aggregate results showed total revenue (TR) of N83.8 million, total cost (TC) of N59.7 million, and net farm income (NFI) of N24.03 million, yielding a mean NFI per farm of N100,110 and a total net return on investment (NROI) of 0.402 (40.2%); the profit margin (NFI/TR) averaged 28.7%. Late‑planting farms recorded marginally higher gross margin and NFI per hectare than early‑planting farms (gross margin: N101,020 vs N92,102; NFI/ha: N93,005 vs N85,101). Profit‑function estimation (R2 = 0.657) identified per‑unit output price (PPO, positive), per‑unit labour price (PPL, negative), age (negative), household size (positive), education (positive), and farming experience (positive) as significant determinants of per‑unit profit (p < 0.10 – 0.01). Sensitivity analysis revealed that a 10% decline in revenue reduced gross margin by 32% and NFI by 35%, indicating revenue shocks were more damaging than equivalent cost increases. Findings underscored the viability of cassava production while highlighting opportunities to raise profitability via price‑and‑market access, labor-saving technologies, human‑capital investments, and revenue‑risk mitigation (e.g., forward contracting). Results informed targeted extension, credit, and value‑chain interventions to improve smallholder returns in line with national and international policy priorities
Ephraim Kaangandu Belemu (PhD), Malcolm Shambana
African universities conduct substantial research on African economic development challenges, yet many applications rely on statistical methods that may be suboptimal for addressing complex policy questions in which causal relationships operate through multiple, interrelated mechanisms. This paper argues that Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), grounded in Critical Realist ontology, enables African researchers to model complex causal mechanisms, test indirect pathways, account for latent variables, and provide more nuanced policy guidance than traditional statistical methods. The paper grounds this methodological argument in Critical Realism philosophy (Bhaskar, 1978; Sayer, 1992; Archer, 1995), which emphasises generative mechanisms and the stratified nature of social reality. Drawing on this philosophical foundation, the paper develops a comprehensive SEM framework for analysing the impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on Zambia's manufacturing sector, specifying latent constructs for institutional quality, trade policy implementation, and manufacturing competitiveness. The paper concludes that SEM represents an essential methodological tool for African researchers seeking to understand the context-specific, mechanism-dependent nature of economic policy impacts.
Nurul Afiqah Binti Roslee
This study investigates the influence of subjective norm on the intention to invest in Shariah-compliant savings (Simpanan Shariah) among Muslim members of the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) in Malaysia. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), subjective norm is conceptualised as a critical social factor that reflects perceived social pressure from important referents such as family, friends, and religious authorities to perform or not perform a particular behaviour. Drawing on prior literature, subjective norm captures the extent to which individuals are motivated to comply with these social expectations in shaping their investment decisions. Adopting a quantitative research approach, data were gathered from Muslim EPF members and examined to evaluate the proposed hypothesis, which suggests a significant positive association between subjective norm and investment intention. The results demonstrate that subjective norm has a significant and positive effect on the intention to invest in Simpanan Shariah, thus confirming the hypothesis. This implies that individuals who experience greater social influence or endorsement from important referent groups are more inclined to show stronger intentions to invest in Shariah-compliant savings.This study adds to the growing body of Islamic finance literature by offering empirical support for the influence of subjective norm on investment intentions within the EPF Simpanan Shariah framework. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers and financial institutions to utilise social influence mechanisms such as community involvement and religious outreach to encourage greater participation in Shariah-compliant savings among Muslim investors.
Nelson Akeh Temesas, Tameh Kilian Gifui
HIV treatment adherence remains a major challenge in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa despite significant advances in antiretroviral therapy. While medical research has extensively examined biomedical and behavioural factors influencing adherence, the role of language in counselling interactions has received comparatively little attention. This study examines the discursive and paralinguistic strategies used in HIV/AIDS counselling sessions to promote treatment adherence and reduce stigma. Drawing on the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis, particularly Ruth Wodak’s Discourse Historical Approach and Teun van Dijk’s socio-cognitive perspective, the study analyses recorded counselling sessions and interviews conducted at the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon. The data, largely produced in Cameroon Pidgin English, reveal that counsellors employ a variety of argumentative strategies including persuasion, moral appeals, and legitimation to encourage testing, safe sexual behaviour, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. In addition, paralinguistic features such as tone, laughter, and repetition play a crucial role in easing tension, fostering trust, and facilitating communication between counsellors and patients. The study highlights the importance of language in shaping health behaviour and demonstrates how discourse practices contribute to improving HIV treatment adherence and reducing stigma in clinical contexts.
Mrinmay Dhali
This paper examines Aristotle’s (384 – 322 BC) theory of modal logic, with special emphasis on its historical development, conceptual structure, and philosophical implications. While Aristotle is widely celebrated for his theory of categorical syllogism, his modal system—dealing with necessity, possibility, impossibility, and contingency—remains comparatively less understood due to internal inconsistencies and the absence of a universally accepted formal reconstruction. The study traces the evolution of modal logic from Aristotle’s works such as De Interpretatione and Prior Analytics through its reception and reinterpretation by later thinkers including Theophrastus, Avicenna, Averroes, and William of Ockham. It also highlights the medieval distinction between de dicto and de re modalities, which significantly expanded the scope of modal syllogistics. So, the paper analyses the logical structure of modal propositions using symbolic tools such as necessity (L) and possibility (M), and explores their interrelations through fundamental modal principles. Special attention is given to Aristotle’s treatment of modal syllogisms, including the validity and invalidity of various moods such as BARBARA LXL and XLL, along with later critiques by scholars like Jan Łukasiewicz and Nicholas Rescher. The study argues that despite historical criticisms, Aristotle’s modal logic laid the groundwork for subsequent developments in formal and philosophical logic. Finally, the paper reflects on the broader philosophical implications of modal logic, particularly its relevance to debates on determinism, necessity, and contingency. It concludes that although Aristotle’s system is incomplete and sometimes inconsistent, it remains foundational and continues to inspire modern logical inquiry and interpretation.
Che Mohd Altarmizi Che Yusoff, Muhammad Luqman Ibnul Hakim Mohd Saad, Muhammad Saiful Anuar Yusoff, Nik Ahmad Kamal Juhari Nik Hashim, Shahrizal Mahpol
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed academic writing practices in higher education, including second and foreign language learning contexts. This study investigates the use of AI in Arabic assignment writing among students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kelantan. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research analyzed data from 193 respondents across six constructs, yielding high overall mean scores for Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Behavioral Intention. The findings reveal that students generally hold positive perceptions toward AI, finding it particularly useful for completing assignments more quickly (M = 4.39) and generating ideas (M = 4.26). While students reported that AI tools were easy to access (M = 4.34), actual usage patterns showed a heavy reliance on translation (87.0%) and grammar checking (83.4%). Notably, the lower mean score for writing independence suggests that AI is currently used more as a performance-oriented aid than as a tool for deeper language mastery, raising concerns about overdependence. The study concludes that AI holds significant pedagogical potential when integrated strategically to enhance rather than replace learner autonomy.
Ahmad Sha’rainon Md Shaarani, Mat Naim Abdullah@Asmoni, Muhammad Saufi Sumali, Norshaliza Kamaruddin
Building maintenance constitutes a substantial proportion of lifecycle expenditure in facility management, where conventional reactive approaches often result in increased operational costs, unexpected system failures, and suboptimal performance outcomes. In response to these limitations, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as promising technologies for enabling predictive maintenance in building systems. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze existing research on AI-based building maintenance performance prediction, with particular emphasis on identifying key system performance parameters that influence failure patterns. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, covering publications between 2005 and 2025 across multiple databases. Inclusion criteria were restricted to journal articles focusing on AI/ML applications in building maintenance prediction. Data extraction encompassed study characteristics, AI techniques, performance metrics, and key empirical findings. A total of 47 studies met the inclusion criteria, representing 15,847 building systems across diverse domains. The analysis indicates that neural networks (32%), random forest (24%), and support vector machines (19%) are the most frequently applied methods, with HVAC systems (45%) and electrical systems (28%) being the dominant application areas. Meta-analysis results reveal a pooled prediction accuracy of 89.3% (95% CI: 87.1–91.5%) for fault detection and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.47°C (95% CI: 2.12–2.82°C) for performance prediction. These findings demonstrate that AI-based approaches achieve high predictive accuracy across building systems, with neural networks and ensemble methods showing superior performance in complex environments. Nevertheless, current studies remain largely system-specific and fragmented. Future research should therefore prioritize multi-system integration and real-time implementation to enhance the practical applicability of AI-driven predictive maintenance in facility management.
Irene Leong Yoke Chu, Kuldip Kaur Maktiar Singh, Nasreen Miza Hilmy Nasrijal, Yeap Chun Keat
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools at the tertiary level has transformed the way learners approach academic writing particularly in the context of discipline-specific settings in English-medium contexts. This study investigates 60 non-law students’ perceptions of using AI tools to support their learning of law subjects and legal writing abilities, and how this relates to writing anxiety. This study also examines the learners’ views about ethical considerations when using AI tools in their studies. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising an adapted version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI), including open-ended responses. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis, while qualitative data were examined thematically. The findings indicate that students generally have a positive perception about the usefulness of technology, particularly in enhancing their understanding and building the language skills required in legal writing. A negative relationship was also found between perceived usefulness of AI tools and writing anxiety, indicating that higher perceptions of AI usefulness result in lower levels of writing anxiety. Regarding ethical considerations, students reported feeling anxious when utilising AI tools due to fear of over reliance. The findings indicate that the integration and utilisation of AI tools in legal contexts require clear and ethical principles to provide students with the cognitive scaffolding required to support both the cognitive and emotional aspects of students’ learning.
Evangeline H. Castro, Leonida N. Cuesta, Prescilla N. Suguitan
This study examined the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration and teaching effectiveness as measured by the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST) among public secondary school teachers. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and DepEd Order No. 003, s. 2026 on the foundational guidelines for AI in basic education, a quantitative correlational design was employed involving 42 purposively selected teachers from Santa Fe National High School, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. Data were collected using a validated survey instrument aligned with Results-Based Performance Management System (RPMS- PPST) indicators and Department of Education (DepEd)- guided AI integration practices. The instrument demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.87. Descriptive analysis indicated high levels of AI integration (M= 3.77) and teaching effectiveness (M= 3.64). Pearson product–moment correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between AI integration and teaching effectiveness (r= 0.89, p< .05), suggesting that AI-supported instructional practices are associated with enhanced teaching performance across PPST domains, including pedagogy, classroom management, assessment, and professional development. The findings highlight AI as a pedagogical support system that strengthens competency-based teaching performance rather than functioning as an independent determinant. The study contributes empirical evidence supporting policy-aligned digital transformation in Philippine basic education and informs the development of an AI-enhanced instructional framework anchored on PPST standards and DepEd policy direction.
Lee Te Chuan, Mirza Maisarah Misran, Nurrul Hafeezah Sahak, Rumaizah Ruslan, Zurita A. Kadir
Introduction: School-age children are more vulnerable and are at greater risk of being affected by floods. Knowledge of flood disaster from early age has an important role in increasing awareness, especially at primary school in flood prone area. This research is to measure the correlation between the level of knowledge and awareness of flood disasters among primary school students. Methods: This quantitative research was carried out by distributing a validated questionnaire to 97 students, from three selected flood-prone primary schools in Segamat, Johor. Results: The research highlighted that the level of knowledge and awareness on flood disasters of students was 4.24 (SD ±0.36) which indicated a high level. The correlation of level of knowledge and awareness of flood disasters showed a significant correlation (r=0.275, p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings signify that increasing the level of knowledge on flood emergencies will result in high level of awareness among students at primary school. Thus, it is crucial to implement effective flood preparedness action initiatives to enhance the knowledge of flood disasters among school-aged children especially in flood-prone areas.
Ahmad Fadzil Jobli, Wen Chiat Lee
Gamification in education is important as it provides a new pathway for learners to be more engaged in their learning journey. “Google Meet” is an online meeting tools that is used by educators for academic purpose and enables the students to promote collaborative teaching and engage with students. The study in this paper is a quantitative study undertaken to examine the perception of 32 university’s students towards the effectiveness of Google Meet in improving students understanding of Econometrics subject in a public university in Malaysia. The students that have taken Econometrics class and undergone Google Meet teaching in a university in Kuching, Sarawak are chosen as respondents. Questionnaire in Google Form is then given to the respondents to answer. The data is analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentage) analysis in Excel and SPSS 29.0 software. The results show that Google Meet can increase the understanding of students on definition and concepts of Econometrics by 50 percent and improvement of numeracy skill in Econometrics by 50 percent as well. It is hoped that the findings could provide some insights to educators in employing Google Meet as their formative assessments to improve universities’ students’ performance.
Hazel Reiz G. Sollestre, Kris John M. Hao
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important vegetable crop in the Philippines because of its nutritional value and wide range of uses. However, tomato production is often affected by poor soil fertility and low nutrient availability, which can reduce plant growth and yield. Biofertilizers such as Mykovam are considered a sustainable alternative to improve nutrient uptake and increase crop productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different application rates of Mykovam on the growth and yield performance of tomato. The experiment was conducted from January to April 2025 in Purok 3A, Monkayo, Davao de Oro, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and three replications, with ten sample plants. The treatments were T1 – Control (no Mykovam), T2 – 5g Mykovam, T3 – 7g Mykovam, and T4 – 10g Mykovam. Differences among treatment means were compared using LSD, with statistical significance determined at p < 0.05. Growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and days to flowering were recorded, while yield parameters included the number of fruits and yield per treatment. Results showed that the application of Mykovam improved several growth and yield parameters of tomato plants. The 7g Mykovam treatment produced better growth performance and the highest mean yield among the treatments. No phytotoxicity was observed in any treatment. Therefore, the application of 7 g Mykovam per plant is recommended to improve tomato growth and yield and support sustainable tomato production.
Elizabeth F. Gutierrez, Vivian L. Dedace
This study assessed the long-term impact of the National Qualifying Examination for School Heads (NQESH) on leadership effectiveness and readiness for emerging educational demands. It examined the demographic profiles of school heads, the perceived effectiveness of NQESH in leadership preparation, and its role in addressing contemporary challenges. The research explored factors influencing NQESH effectiveness, demographic differences in perceptions, the relationship between efficacy and preparedness, and challenges in applying NQESH competencies. A mixed-methods design was used, with quantitative data collected through structured surveys on demographics, perceived effectiveness, and preparedness, and qualitative data gathered via interviews on leadership experiences and application challenges. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and group comparisons, supplemented by thematic analysis of qualitative data. Findings showed most respondents were mid-career school heads from rural schools who recently qualified through NQESH. Generally, NQESH effectively built foundational leadership skills in instructional leadership, crisis management, and teacher development. However, gaps existed between theoretical training and practical application. Significant differences in perceived effectiveness by location and experience emerged, as did strong correlations between perceived leadership effectiveness and preparedness for emerging issues. Qualitative insights highlighted challenges such as resource constraints, heavy administrative workloads, and the need for ongoing mentoring. The study recommends enhancing practical training, sustained professional development, and post-certification support to bridge the gap between theory and practice, ultimately improving school leadership effectiveness in dynamic educational contexts.
Adeola Oladapo Ojo, Coker O. Victor, Duru John Chikwendu, Jegede A. Olorunbi, Musa Naburgi, Oju Sunday Agboola, Olusegun Abel Oyinwola, Paulina Suleman, Rilwan A. Ajibade, Victor A. C. Biodun
The fundamental basis for carrying out this study was the recent introduction of value added tax (VAT) to the Nigerian economy. This new development has been attracting the attention of individual both in private and public sectors of the economy. On the problem and prospects of value added tax in Nigeria is in the intellectual areas in Nigeria. They might perhaps be due to the characteristic of the new tax system which is broader and dynamic when viewed in the context of the Nigeria micro economic and socio-political systems. The study further examined the prevailing problems being encountered in the system with a view of making constructive recommendations, which will enhance effective administration of VAT in Nigeria. In view of achieving the objectives of this study, various relevant literature of eminent writers in the field of taxation, references were also made for easy understanding. In the course of this study, it was discovered that value added tax is the most innovative means of generating revenue in the country and its introduction in Nigeria has long been overdue especially now that Nigeria is very vast in the payment of direct tax. Value added tax has all the advantages of modern-day taxation and by introducing it in Nigeria it is a move in right direction
Harry Santiago P. Achas, May Juanna P. Añasco, Neil M. Quijano
This study assessed the effectiveness of the crisis management program of SPI Power Incorporated in Villanueva, Misamis Oriental. Using a descriptive research design, it evaluated the Crisis Management Team’s (CMT) performance in four key areas: preparedness, crisis response, crisis recovery, and organizational preparedness actions. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire distributed to 86 respondents, including internal staff and external stakeholders. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, percentages, and weighted means, were applied to analyze the data. The findings showed that SPI Power Incorporated’s crisis management program was rated as “Highly Effective” across all four areas. Preparedness emerged as the strongest dimension, highlighting the organization’s focus on proactive measures like risk assessment and contingency planning. Crisis response was also rated highly, demonstrating the effectiveness of communication, coordination, and deployment of resources during emergencies. Crisis recovery, while effective, revealed opportunities for improvement, particularly in timely communication and the establishment of recovery time objectives. Organizational preparedness actions were consistently implemented, including structured training, after-action reviews, and collaboration with external agencies. The demographic profile revealed that most respondents had over 16 years of service and held operational and supervisory roles, indicating strong experience within the organization. The COVID-19 pandemic was the most commonly handled crisis, followed by safety incidents and natural disasters, while cybersecurity breaches and terrorism events were less frequent. Overall, this study provided valuable insights into the strengths and areas for improvement of SPI Power Incorporated’s crisis management program, supporting ongoing efforts to enhance resilience and ensure energy supply stability in Mindanao.
Abel José Jacinto. UCM., Eldres Faustino Massango. UCM., Gaspar Lourenço Tocoloa. UCM., Ivanilde Salomé de Azevedo. UCM.
This study assessed the employability of graduates in the agricultural sector in Mocuba between 2019 and 2023, with emphasis on their participation in climate resilience initiatives. The aim was to analyze their professional insertion, describe their sociodemographic profile, identify challenges in the labor market, and measure their contribution to mitigation and adaptation practices. A mixed-methods approach was applied to 475 UniZambeze graduates, combining quantitative analysis of 220 respondents and qualitative interviews with 17 graduates. Data were processed in Excel and complemented by statistical tests such as Chi-square and Cramer’s V in SPSS. Findings reveal that 63% remain unemployed, while 36% are employed, with only 30% engaged directly in climate-related projects, including reforestation, soil conservation, efficient irrigation, and sustainable agriculture. Integration of methods demonstrates that despite high unemployment, graduates are able to apply technical skills, with generalist courses like Agronomic Engineering showing higher employability. The study concludes that employability should be understood not only as economic insertion but also as the ability to mobilize knowledge for climate action. It is proposed to expand internship programs, career guidance, green entrepreneurship, and public policies that facilitate the transition from academic training to professional practice, enhancing youth participation in climate resilience initiatives.
Dr. Muhammad Shafi’u Adamu, Dr. Olutola Adekunle Thomas
This study assessed the impact of situational crime prevention (SCP) strategies on banditry activities in Katsina State, Nigeria. Guided by five objectives, corresponding research questions, and null hypotheses tested at the 0.05 level of significance, the research employed a mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 400 households and victims across five Local Government Areas (Batsari, Jibia, Safana, Kankara, and Faskari), while qualitative insights were obtained from semi-structured interviews with 30 key stakeholders and field observations. Reliability testing using Cronbach’s Alpha yielded values between 0.78 and 0.86, confirming strong internal consistency. Data analysis combined descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, ANOVA, correlation, regression, and t-tests with thematic analysis of qualitative responses. Findings revealed that SCP strategies are moderately applied but unevenly distributed, with surveillance and community policing more prominent than environmental design and target hardening. Statistical results confirmed that SCP strategies significantly reduce the frequency and severity of banditry incidents, though perceptual differences exist between community members and security agencies. Structural challenges including resource constraints, poor infrastructure, limited manpower, and community distrust were identified as barriers to effective implementation. The study concludes that SCP strategies are effective but must be institutionalized, expanded through community policing, and integrated into broader socioeconomic and governance reforms. Recommendations include strengthening rural infrastructure, enhancing security training, scaling up community policing, and embedding SCP into national crime prevention policy frameworks. This research contributes originality by extending SCP theory to rural banditry in Nigeria, providing empirical validation through mixed methods, and offering actionable policy insights for sustainable security interventions.
Betty Pungwa Musenge, Phillip Mubanga, Sheila Mulenga Mubanga
Early Childhood Education (ECE) is widely recognised as a critical determinant of cognitive, social, and academic development, with strong long-term returns for human capital formation. Extensive empirical evidence demonstrates that early investment in education yields substantial economic and social benefits, particularly in developing country contexts (Heckman, 2006; World Bank, 2018). In Zambia, ECE has been progressively integrated into the formal education system through key policy reforms, including ‘Educating Our Future’, and the ‘Zambia Education Curriculum Framework’. Despite these advancements, the effectiveness of implementation remains uneven, particularly in high density urban settings characterised by resource constraints and institutional limitations. This study examines the implementation of Early Childhood Education in selected primary schools in Lusaka District using a qualitative case study design. Data was collected from fifty respondents through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and observation checklists, and analysed using thematic analysis (Creswell, 2012; Braun & Clarke, 2006). The findings reveal that ECE implementation is significantly constrained by inadequate infrastructure, shortage of teaching and learning materials, overcrowded classrooms, high teacher pupil ratios, and weak institutional support systems. The study advances the concept of policy implementation dissonance to explain the disconnect between policy expansion and practical delivery. It argues that while policy reforms have successfully expanded access to ECE, the quality of implementation remains insufficient to realise expected developmental outcomes. The paper concludes that a strategic shift toward quality focused interventions, supported by increased investment, strengthened teacher capacity, and improved governance systems, is essential for maximising the impact of ECE in Zambia.
Ivy Amor C. Urbina, RSW, Lovely Rose A. Egar
Retirement brings changes. It has impacts on health, social roles and finances. This renders quality of life of retirees significant. Most programs assist citizens, nevertheless, they do not target retirees. This study looked at the quality of life of retired employees in Impasugong, Bukidnon. The study investigated if physical health, family and peer support, enough income, social and spiritual activities affected their quality of life. 100 retirees were surveyed using the adapted questionnaire of WHO. Results showed that retirees had physical health. They were much supported by their family and friends. They were earning money and participating in numerous social and spiritual events. The researcher discovered that quality of life was connected to health, family and peer support, income sufficiency, social and spiritual activities. The analysis revealed that a high quality of life was predicted by the sufficient income and good physical health. This paper indicates that retirement is complicated, it requires security, good health, positive relationships and activities. Policymakers, social workers and local government units can use these findings to design programs that help retirees. These programs can improve health support, income security and opportunities for spiritual participation for retirees. The study findings can help create programs that focus on retirees that can make retirement better. Retirement programs can provide health support, income security and social activities. Retirees need support. They need security. They also need to stay engaged.
Musa Aimi, Othman Zainon
This study addresses the critical barrier to effective astronomy education in primary schools: the lack of content knowledge, confidence, and specialized pedagogical skills among educators. A two-day teacher training initiative was designed to improve comprehension of essential astronomical concepts and instructional readiness for 15 preschool educators. The project utilized a pre- and post-assessment framework to evaluate changes across domains, including awareness, comprehension, and preparedness. Pre-assessment data indicated that 53% of participants scored below the proficiency threshold. Following the intervention, post-assessment results demonstrated a profound and significant enhancement in instructional readiness. Over 90% of participants achieved high scores (levels 6–10), showing a substantial improvement in conceptual comprehension. Educators also gained increased confidence in developing practical learning resources and utilizing inquiry-based methods to rectify common misconceptions. This study validates that structured, targeted professional development is crucial for improving early childhood science education and substantially augmenting instructors’ ability to provide engaging, science-oriented educational experiences, thereby fostering an early interest in STEM and curiosity about the cosmos
Maria Nova Mae E. Gucor
This research evaluated the effectiveness of the Audio-Based Approach in enhancing the reading comprehension of Grade 8 students. It was conducted among a total population of 42 Grade 8 student-respondents from Cabul-an National High School, Eastern Cabul-an, Buenavista, Bohol. The identified learning competencies—identifying the literal point, interpreting the inferential point, and making a critical conclusion—were described and correlated. A competency-based 30-item multiple-choice Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (Phil-IRI) test was utilized as the primary research instrument to assess reading comprehension. The study employed a mixed-method sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data were collected from a non-random group using pre-test and post-test instruments and were analyzed using SPSS, focusing on descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and frequency) and inferential statistics through a paired-samples t-test. Subsequently, qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews to further explain and expand upon the quantitative findings. Statistically, the results revealed that the audio-based approach significantly improved students’ reading comprehension across the identified competencies, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Moreover, six students representing low, medium, and high achievement levels shared their preferences, challenges, and perceived benefits from the intervention. Their responses indicated that the audio-based approach enhanced their comprehension of the text. Overall, the findings confirm that integrating an audio-based approach as a learning material significantly contributes to improving students’ reading comprehension.
Denver C. Danao, Francine Gwen Fabricante, Friedrich B. Acla, Loven Ker Joy Bayang, Marites M. Cuyos, MBM, Melven P. Doren
Automation in cost management has become a strategic approach to improving profitability among small and medium enterprises. This study examined the relationship between automation integration in cost management and profitability of small and medium enterprises in General Santos City using a descriptive-correlational research design. Data were gathered from 120 respondents selected through stratified sampling using a validated and highly reliable survey questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.97). Results revealed that small and medium enterprises generally adopt and utilize automated cost management systems, particularly in cost analysis, although wider integration and advanced predictive applications remain limited. Findings also showed that small and medium enterprises exhibit high levels of profitability in terms of net income growth, expense control, and sales performance. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant relationship between automation in cost management and profitability, emphasizing automation as a key driver of financial sustainability and competitive advantage among small and medium enterprises.
Idris Othman, Mohamad Zain Hashim, Muriatul Khusmah Musa1
Health and safety practices in university laboratories are critical for ensuring student well-being and preparing future professionals for risk-sensitive environments. This study examines university students’ levels of health and safety awareness, compliance with laboratory protocols, and perceptions of the safety climate, with the aim of understanding how these dimensions interact within an educational context. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving 144 undergraduate students enrolled in laboratory-based programmes. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and Pearson correlation analysis. The findings indicate that students demonstrate generally high levels of health and safety awareness (M = 4.08), compliance (M = 3.94), and positive perceptions of the safety climate (M = 4.04) . Gender comparisons revealed that female students scored slightly higher across all domains, with a statistically significant difference observed only in safety climate perception (p = 0.025). No significant differences were found between students from different academic entry pathways. Importantly, strong positive correlations were identified among awareness, compliance, and safety climate (r = 0.750–0.801), indicating that these constructs operate as an interconnected system rather than independent factors. This study contributes to the literature by proposing a conceptual framework that integrates cognitive (awareness), behavioural (compliance), and perceptual (safety climate) dimensions of safety practices. The findings suggest that effective safety management in university laboratories should adopt a holistic approach that combines knowledge development, behavioural reinforcement, and supportive environmental conditions. While the results highlight the effectiveness of current institutional practices, the relatively modest effect sizes indicate that continuous and multifaceted interventions are required to sustain improvements in safety behaviour. Overall, this study offers both theoretical and practical insights into the development of safety culture in higher education, providing a foundation for future research and policy enhancement in laboratory safety management.
Md. Abdullah-Al-Mamun
The research has been conducted in order to find out barriers that faces women to participate in politics in Bangladesh. The data has been collected from Khulna city through a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was incorporated both open ended and closed ended questions. In this study a convenient sampling technique have been used. Data was collected from 65 respondents who live in Khulna city and Micro soft Excel has been used to analysis the data. The result of the research has been presented in systematic manner. The findings have been discussed descriptively. The research found that Ideological and Psychological factors (Politics is not good work, It is not for woman) has strongly influenced women not to participate in politics in Bangladesh. The study shows Limited access to decision making, Financial problem (poverty and unemployment problem), Lack of political party support(Insufficient representative in political party, masculine nature of politics), Religion factor, Security problem are also strong barrier for woman to participate in politics in Bangladesh.This findings help the authority to be alert and to remove this barriers. Results of research are limited to the Bangladesh only. Future researchers can expand the scope of the research.
Anya Nkene Abeh Vincent
This article examines the effectiveness of two contrasting models of constitutional review: the centralized (European/Kelsenian) model as practiced in Cameroon and the decentralized (diffuse) model operative in the United States. It situates the analysis within the broader objective of assessing how constitutional systems ensure the supremacy of the constitution and the protection of fundamental rights. The study critically evaluates the extent to which institutional structures, judicial independence, access to constitutional justice, and prevailing political contexts influence the performance of each model. Adopting a comparative legal methodology and a functionalist theoretical framework, the article goes beyond formal institutional design to interrogate how constitutional review operates in practice. In Cameroon, the centralized model, vested in the Constitutional Council, is examined in light of procedural limitations, restricted access, and concerns regarding institutional autonomy. In contrast, the United States’ diffuse model, which empowers all courts to exercise constitutional review, is assessed for its broader accessibility and entrenched judicial independence, while also acknowledging challenges such as judicial politicization and inconsistencies in jurisprudence. The article argues that although both models are normatively designed to uphold constitutional supremacy, their effectiveness is determined less by their structural configuration and more by the surrounding institutional and political environment. It concludes that neither model is inherently superior; rather, their success depends on contextual adaptability. Accordingly, the article advocates for a pragmatic and hybridized approach to constitutional review, one that accommodates national realities while strengthening judicial independence, enhancing access to justice, and promoting accountability within constitutional governance frameworks.
Joven Ian M. Marquez
This study examines the Domingo Sabet, a distinctive Holy Week practice observed in San Narciso, Zambales, Philippines, through the theoretical lens of Clifford Geertz’s interpretive anthropology, complemented by ritual performance theory, memory studies, and intangible cultural heritage (ICH) discourse. The research had three objectives: to produce a thick description of the Domingo Sabet rituals; to interpret the symbolic meanings and cultural narratives embedded in these practices; and to examine the broader role of these rituals in shaping community identity, social cohesion, and religious continuity within a rapidly modernizing context. Fieldwork was conducted across nine days during the 2024 Holy Week season (Palm Sunday through Easter Sunday), with intensive participant observation on Black Saturday and Easter Sunday. Data collection included approximately 22 hours of direct observation, 14 semi-structured interviews with purposively selected informants, and analysis of 11 documentary sources. Data were coded thematically using a two-cycle process (descriptive and pattern coding) with inter-cycle memo writing. Findings indicate that the Domingo Sabet—a pre-dawn procession of the Risen Christ (Apo Nagungar) and the Virgin of Joy (Virgen de Alegria) culminating in the sabet (encounter)—operates as a layered cultural performance encoding theological, social, and historical meaning. Yet the ritual is neither static nor uncontested: declining youth participation, migration, and pandemic-era disruption have prompted adaptive responses, including digital live streaming, that reshape what the ritual is and who counts as a participant. Read through Geertz’s “model of” and “model for” framework alongside performance and heritage perspectives, the Domingo Sabet emerges as a contested site of ongoing negotiation rather than a transparent vehicle of tradition. The study contributes to scholarship on Philippine religious ritual and to current debates about safeguarding intangible cultural heritage in modernizing societies.
Abdul Kholiq, I Gede Suputra Widharma, I Made Sujanayasa, I Nyoman Kiriana, Ni Nyoman Sri Widiasih
This study aims to explore the dynamics of the Obong Kalang ritual in Java and the Ngaben ritual in Bali, focusing on their transformations, meanings, and social functions inside of contemporary cultural contexts. Obong Kalang, a traditional Javanese mortuary ritual, and Ngaben, the central cremation ceremony in Balinese culture, both embody profound religious and cultural significance. Employing a qualitative ethnographic approach, this research collected data through in-depth interviews by community elders and local participants, participant observation during ritual performances, and a review of relevant literature. Thematic analysis was used to identify key ritual elements and to examine the factors driving changes in both practices. The findings reveal that both Obong Kalang and Ngaben represent cultural and spiritual expressions rooted in Hindu and animistic influences. Despite differences in form and execution, both serve as means of releasing the soul by worldly attachments, honoring ancestors, and maintaining harmony among humans, nature, and transcendent forces.
AKINYEYE, Clara Olajumoke, OKOROAFOR, Philomena Ayenoya
This study interrogates the adequacy of Aristotle’s Classical theory of tragedy through a comparative analysis of Hamlet and the Ozidi Saga. While Aristotelian Poetics locates tragedy in individual error (hamartia) and its cathartic resolution, this paper argues that such framework is insufficient for interpreting non-western dramatic traditions. Drawing on the Roman tragic model associated with Seneca the Younger and the African metaphysical perspective articulated by Wole Soyinka, the study develops a four-layer theoretical framework that re-conceptualizes tragedy as an evolving and culturally contingent form. Through close textual and comparative analysis, it demonstrates that Hamlet reflects a hybrid tragic structure shaped by Aristotelian and Senecan elements, particularly in its emphasis on psychological conflict, revenge, and moral hesitation. In contrast, the Ozidi Saga redefines tragedy through communal obligation, ritual enactment, and supernatural determinism, where the hero’s actions are governed less by personal flaw than by ancestral and cosmic necessity. The study concludes that tragedy should be understood not as a universal genre grounded in individual experience, but as a dynamic continuum shaped by cultural, philosophical, and metaphysical forces. This reconceptualization contributes to ongoing efforts to decolonize literary theory and to develop more inclusive frameworks for the study of world drama.
Faizal Amir
Urban residential areas remain critical sites for improving municipal solid waste management because household practices directly influence segregation, storage, disposal, and community sanitation outcomes. This study examines the effects of environmental knowledge and motivation to maintain the environment on household waste management behavior among residents of the BTN Tabaria housing complex in Makassar, Indonesia. The study employed a quantitative survey design with 100 randomly selected residents. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using validity and reliability testing, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, partial t tests, and simultaneous F tests. The findings show that environmental knowledge has a positive and significant effect on household waste management behavior (B = 0.342, t = 3.876, p < .001), indicating that residents with a stronger understanding of environmental issues, waste impacts, and 3R practices tend to manage household waste more responsibly. Environmental maintenance motivation exerts an even stronger positive and significant effect (B = 0.521, t = 5.214, p < .001), suggesting that affective commitment and willingness to protect the environment are more decisive than cognition alone in translating awareness into action. Simultaneously, both predictors significantly explain waste management behavior (F = 42.315, p < .001), with an adjusted R² of .452. These results indicate that behavioral improvement in urban waste management depends on the interaction between cognitive and motivational factors rather than on environmental information alone. The study concludes that community-based environmental education, motivational reinforcement, and neighborhood-level support systems should be integrated to strengthen sustainable household waste practices in urban housing settings.
Hartinie Abd Aziz, Mohd Asmadi Mohd Angsor, Nurhidayah Abdullah, Rizaldi Mu’min, Zuhairah Ariff Abd Ghadas
The article establishes a comparative and doctrinal analysis of director liability in insolvency in both Malaysia and Indonesia, using the United Kingdom as a reference point jurisdiction. It asserts that Malaysian law is not yet inclusive in its approach since it continues to rely upon a regime based on fraud to determine liability pursuant to section 540 of the Companies Act 2016, whereas the Indonesian law is conceptually open-ended and relies on fault and negligence found in Law No. 40 of 2007 and Law No. 37 of 2004. Both systems do not control the grey area between legitimate commercial judgment and misjudgement of risk-taking in the near vicinity of insolvency. Based on the wrongful trading regime in the United Kingdom in section 214 of the Insolvency Act 1986, this article postulates the introduction of objective standard of the liability in an ASEAN-oriented system. This kind of reform would improve the protection of creditors, increase the level of doctrinal coherence and bring regional standards of corporate governance to parity with international best practices.
Anagel A. Soria, James L. Paglinawan
This study explored the experiences of novice teachers assigned as class advisers beyond their subject teaching roles in selected public and private schools in Bukidnon, Philippines. Specifically, it examined the reasons for their assignment to advisory classes, the challenges they encountered in fulfilling this role, the strategies they used to cope with these challenges, and the advice they could offer to other novice teachers. The study employed a qualitative research design using a phenomenological approach to capture the lived experiences and personal meanings that novice teacher-advisers attach to their advisory work. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with novice teachers serving as class advisers, and the transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring themes across participants’ narratives. Findings revealed that novice teachers were primarily assigned as class advisers due to institutional needs such as teacher shortages, workload distribution, and administrative decisions, often with limited consideration of their readiness or prior advisory experience. Participants reported multiple challenges, including balancing teaching and advisory responsibilities, managing diverse student behaviors, handling sensitive learner concerns, complying with documentation and reporting requirements, and sustaining communication with parents and school administrators. To cope with these demands, novice teachers sought guidance from more experienced colleagues, improved their organization and time management, built positive relationships with students, used digital tools for record-keeping and communication, and engaged in reflective practice, consistent with coping patterns noted in related studies on novice teachers. The study concludes that while class advisership poses significant difficulties for novice teachers, it also serves as a meaningful avenue for professional growth when institutional support, mentoring, and opportunities for reflection are present. The insights generated may inform school leaders and policymakers in designing more responsive induction programs, workload arrangements, and support mechanisms for novice teacher-advisers.
Ezekiel Adu Mensah, Jacob Tawiah, Juliet Appiah Osei-Afoakwa, Priscilla Aboagye Aryeh
Background: Ghanaian graduates are sometimes perceived not to be ready for the workforce, usually because what they learn in classroom does not translate into what jobs/employers require. But we usually just blame the textbooks. We do not talk enough about the "behind-the-scenes" problem: how university leaders fail to track, prove, and officially certify the well-rounded skills students pick up outside of just passing exams. Aim: This study investigates the perceptions of key stakeholders on non-academic skills, examines existing institutional mechanisms for skills tracking, and identifies the challenges and opportunities for implementing a comprehensive skills-articulation framework at the University of Mines and Technology (UMaT), Tarkwa, in Ghana. Methods: A qualitative case study of the University of Mines and Technology (UMaT) was conducted. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with employers (n=15), university administrators (n=8), and recent graduates (n=20), supplemented by a document analysis of university policies, transcript templates, and career services reports. Results: Employers highly value soft skills (e.g., adaptability, communication, teamwork) and practical project experience but find these poorly articulated in official graduate documentation. UMaT’s current administrative processes are fragmented, with no centralised system for validating or certifying non-academic learning. Key challenges include bureaucratic inertia, limited funding, and a lack of formal policy. Opportunities lie in strong industry partnerships, existing student club structures, and a growing institutional focus on employability. Conclusion: University administration is a critical, yet under-leveraged, actor in bridging the skills gap. Moving beyond the traditional transcript towards a co-curricular record or a similar framework is essential. This requires a strategic, top-down initiative to integrate disparate efforts into a coherent, validated, and recognised system of skills articulation.
Babamboni Adekunle S., Fajinmolu, Aminat A., Ogunleye Victoria T., Onifade, Joseph P., Tashok Yusuf H.
Thermal discomfort remains a critical challenge in academic buildings located in tropical climates, where high temperatures, intense solar radiation, and humidity significantly affect user comfort and productivity. This study investigates bioclimatic design as a sustainable strategy for enhancing thermal comfort in academic environments, with a specific focus on the Architecture Building at Caleb University, Lagos State, Nigeria. The research adopts a case study approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative methods, including site observation, user perception surveys, and environmental assessment of building orientation, materials, ventilation, and surrounding landscape elements. Findings reveal that inadequate shading, poor building orientation, heat-retaining materials, and insufficient integration of passive cooling strategies contribute significantly to thermal discomfort within and around the building. The study demonstrates that bioclimatic design strategies—such as optimized building orientation, enhanced natural ventilation, integration of vegetation, use of climate-responsive materials, and shading systems—can significantly improve both indoor and outdoor thermal conditions. The research concludes that adopting a holistic bioclimatic design approach is essential for improving thermal comfort, reducing energy dependence, and enhancing the overall environmental quality of academic buildings in tropical regions.
Ajike Okeh Kalu, Emeka Kalu Ukoji, Ikechukwu Ekeh Emeh, PhD, Sam Odachi, Yuel Okey Kalu, PhD
Nigeria's escalating insecurity ranging from banditry to insurgency is increasingly linked to environmental degradation, climate-induced resource scarcity, and youth unemployment. While Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) has been advocated as a solution to youth restiveness, its potential to address the environmental drivers of insecurity remains largely untapped. This paper examines the nexus between sustainable construction skills education and community resilience in conflict-prone regions of Nigeria. Drawing on existing literature and recent policy initiatives, the study proposes a transformative framework for integrating environmental security principles into TVET building technology curricula. Findings reveal significant gaps in current programmes regarding climate-adaptive building techniques, green material utilization, and environmental conflict mitigation strategies. The paper argues that equipping TVET graduates with disaster-resilient construction skills, sustainable resource management competencies, and green entrepreneurship capabilities can reduce climate-induced displacement, de-escalate natural resource conflicts, and provide economic buffers against radicalization. The study concludes with recommendations for curriculum reform and the establishment of community-based construction skills centers as strategic investments in long-term conflict prevention and national security.
Daerry Cassandra Anak David Daud, Nurulhuda Adabiah Mustafa
The Native Customary Rights (NCR) in Sarawak is a deep intersection of ancestrality, traditional adat, and the law. Although the Malaysian judicial system has traditionally recognized NCR as preexisting rights based on communal practices, modern claimants are increasingly encountering an increasing enforcement gap. This paper focuses on the systemic obstacles to legal recognition as it becomes effective protection, particularly exploring how the tension between indigenous territorial ideas (including pemakai menoa and pulau galau) and the limiting structures of the Sarawak Land Code are connected. The study draws on the doctrinal review of landmark cases, such as the move towards expansionary recognition in (Nyawai, 2001) to the restrictive interpretations in (2017), to emphasise how overwhelming evidentiary burdens and technical mapping requirements tend to dismiss valid customary claims. The example of (Tebari, 2018) can be used as a point of reference to exemplify how a dependence on oral history is often compromised by incongruent technical evidence and procedural obstacles. Based on a comparative analysis with the Australian model of the native title system, the paper suggests that judicial recognition cannot be successful in the absence of institutional support. This paper therefore suggests the creation of a dedicated NCR forum or an enhanced Native Court system that is well equipped with multidisciplinary skills and adaptable evidentiary principles. This kind of reform is necessary to close the gap between the paper recognition and the real protection of the land rights of indigenous people in a culturally-appropriate and legally-uniform way.
Elijah Owino Oluoch, Millicent Ojwan’g, Petronilla Mwangi
This study examined the transition of pupils abled differently from mainstream public primary schools to junior secondary schools in Rachuonyo Sub-County, Homabay County, Kenya. The study aimed to establish the transition rate and identify challenges influencing the transition of these learners within the framework of inclusive education. A descriptive research design was adopted and conducted in 32 mainstream public primary and junior secondary schools within the sub-county. The target population comprised learners with physical impairments in Grades 6, 7, and 8, their teachers, headteachers, and the County Officer in charge of special needs education. Using purposive sampling, a total of 141 respondents were selected, including 57 learners with physical impairments, 53 teachers, 30 headteachers, and one county special needs education officer. Data were collected using student questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis of class registers. Instrument validity was ensured through expert review, while reliability was confirmed through a pilot study which produced a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.865. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, and percentages. Findings indicated that the transition rate for pupils with physical impairments in the study area was lower than the national average of 99.8 percent (Ouma et al.,2024), with most respondents estimating it at around 70% and above, while others reported lower rates. Document analysis further revealed a decline in enrolment and promotion of pupils with physical impairments from Grade 6 to Grade 8. Major challenges identified were inadequate infrastructure, limited teaching and learning resources, lack of assistive technologies, shortage of trained special needs teachers, social stigma, inadequate health support, and limited parental involvement. The study concludes that despite progress in inclusive education, systemic and institutional barriers continue to hinder the effective transition of pupils with physical impairments to junior secondary schools.
Canute A. Ngwa, Koni Hitler Tenlak, Tem Protus Mbuem
Bush paths have often constituted an alternative mobility system in sustaining cattle marketing. The various bush paths have gained center stage during periods of socio-political and economic crisis. Formal road networks have traditionally been the focus of transportation and market integration policies, which in due course became hindered by economic downturns, and the protracted Anglophone crisis that exposed the vulnerability of these official corridors. This paper examines the dynamics and role of bush paths as alternative mobility methods in sustaining cattle marketing in crisis situation within Mezam. Data for this paper was collected from primary and secondary sources while presented using thematic cum chronological approaches. This article argues that bush paths functioned not merely as physical shortcuts but as adaptive measures as circumstances demanded. These pathways enabled continuity in cattle commercialization by facilitating flexible movements, reducing exposure to conflict zones, and preserving rural-urban market linkages when formal transport systems collapsed or were militarized. The findings revealed that bush paths constituted a decentralized coping mechanism that enhanced livelihood sustainability and economic survival in times of crisis. By bringing these informal networks, the study challenges state-centric infrastructure narratives and calls for policy recognition of grassroots mobility systems within crisis planning and rural development strategies.
Filmar L. Dioric., Janmie S. Salimbot., Jearemae A. Sarona., Jhon Mark C. Perrin., Lou Reiz Mae V. Bangis., Mariel Tanghal, Melody V. Sangga., Regalado C. Magbanua
Using Krashen’s Input Hypothesis, Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, and Cummins’ Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills/Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency distinction, this study examined the relationship between campus journalism involvement and English language proficiency among 102 junior high school student-journalists from nine public schools in Escalante City, Philippines. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design employed a validated survey and a standardized proficiency test on grammar, vocabulary, and writing. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference post-hoc test. Most students reported over one year of involvement, served primarily as writers, and participated weekly or monthly. Training was sourced mainly from school workshops, motivated by a passion for writing, but constrained by time and a lack of mentorship. Overall proficiency was Nearly Proficient (M = 20.00, SD = 4.68). No significant differences emerged by age, sex, duration, role, frequency, or activity type. Grade level was significant, F(5, 96) = 2.47, p = .035, with Grade 9 outperforming Grade 10. Perceived influence also differed significantly, F(2, 99) = 4.27, p = .017: students who reported moderate improvement outscored those who reported slight improvement. Findings indicate campus journalism is an equitable platform for academic English, but gains depend on sustained engagement, language-intensive roles, mentorship, and metacognitive awareness. Results highlight the need for targeted support in Grade 10 and greater emphasis on reflective practices.
AGU, Okoro Agu, Appiah Kingsley Z. Alaowei
Career counseling is a valuable process that assist individuals in making informed decisions about career paths. This study on career counseling and sustainability of trades and crafts in Western Niger Delta used an exploratory research design and content analysis was used in providing subjective answers to the research questions that were raised to guide the study. The findings amongst others reveals that the variables of career counseling, including, career orientation and career coaching respectively have substantial effects on career decision making and career development. Also, recommendations were proffered, including providing timely orientation to the younger generations of the Western Niger Deltans to fall back to the traditional trades and crafts of our forefathers in the phase of the inaccessible of white collar jobs in government Ministries Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and the International oil companies (IOCs) to harness the comparative advantages of self-employment and benefits of entrepreneurial pursuits in trades and crafts in disparity to having a civil service career with a white collar job limited by National minimum wage legislation.
AGU, Okoro Agu, Appiah Kingsley Z
Career counseling is a valuable process that assist individuals in making informed decisions about career paths. This study on career counseling and sustainability of trades and crafts in Western Niger Delta used an exploratory research design and content analysis was used in providing subjective answers to the research questions that were raised to guide the study. The findings amongst others reveals that the variables of career counseling, including, career orientation and career coaching respectively have substantial effects on career decision making and career development. Also, recommendations were proffered, including providing timely orientation to the younger generations of the Western Niger Deltans to fall back to the traditional trades and crafts of our forefathers in the phase of the inaccessible of white collar jobs in government Ministries Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and the International oil companies (IOCs) to harness the comparative advantages of self-employment and benefits of entrepreneurial pursuits in trades and crafts in disparity to having a civil service career with a white collar job limited by National minimum wage legislation
Almiera G. Bregondo, James L. Paglinawan
This study explored the career transition experiences of non-education graduates teaching in a private higher education institution, particularly San Isidro College. It examined their reasons for entering the teaching profession, their transition experiences, the challenges they encountered, the coping mechanisms and support systems that sustained them, and the recommendations they offered to other non-education graduates who plan to teach in higher education. The study employed a qualitative phenomenological design to understand the participants’ lived experiences. Selected non-education graduate faculty members were chosen through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings showed that non-education graduates entered teaching because they viewed it as a meaningful, purpose-driven, and student-centered vocation. Their transition was described as challenging yet developmental, requiring preparation, adjustment, and continuous engagement with the realities of teaching. The participants encountered difficulties related to limited pedagogical preparation, classroom management, lesson planning, assessment, workload, institutional expectations, and policy-related concerns. Despite these challenges, they sustained their teaching roles through self-directed learning, adaptability, reflection, mentoring, collegial support, seminars, and institutional assistance. They also emphasized that readiness for teaching requires continuous learning, pedagogical preparation, teachability, and structured institutional support. The study concludes that the transition of non-education graduates into teaching is both meaningful and demanding. Their successful adjustment and effectiveness depend on continuous professional development and responsive institutional support, particularly in induction, mentoring, and faculty development programs. These findings highlight the need for institutional environments for non-education faculty in higher education.
Abayomi Oluwaseun Japinye, Adesola Anthony Adedugbe, Daniel Obioma Ukeagu, Raymond Osi Alenoghena, Segun Amos Adewale
This study examined the recent Nigeria cash redesign and rapid growth of agent banking on financial inclusion. The Central Bank of Nigeria's naira redesign established a temporary cash shortage that affected daily cash transactions, even as it aimed to agree with monetary and financial stability. In regards to these effects, Cointegration tests were carried out, using Johansen Cointegration tests, the results confirmed the use of Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) as a method to conduct robustness checks using alternative model specifications. Financial inclusion serves the dependent variable while cash redesign shock, density of registered agent outlets as independent variables, moreover inflation and exchange rate as control variables. The analysis uses annual time-series data from 2009 to 2023, soured mainly from International Monetary Fund's IMF Indicators (2023) and the Central Bank of Nigeria's statistical reports. The results show that while the reform initially tightened liquidity and strained transaction activity, agent banking helped cushion the impact by providing practical alternatives for households and businesses. In particular, agents outlets in rural and semi-urban areas became key points of access when cash was difficult to obtain. In conclusion, agent banking can strengthen financial inclusion during policy-driven shocks, however its advantages depend on reliable digital payment infrastructure and an enabling regulatory environment. To maintain progress in inclusion, it suggests strategies to increase the size and professionalism of agent networks, improve the dependability of payment systems, and include financial literacy instruction.
Emeka E. Ene., Patrick U. Ebenuwa
This study investigates the causal relationships between savings mobilisation, capital market development, and economic growth in Nigeria using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach on annual data from 1990 to 2023. The dependent variable is GDP growth rate, while explanatory variables include gross domestic savings ratio (GDSR), total savings (LTS), All Share Index (LASI), market capitalisation (LMCAPE), number of listed entities (LNLE), real interest rate (RINT), and exchange rate (LEXR). The bounds test confirms cointegration among the variables, validating a long-run equilibrium relationship. The error-correction term is negative and highly significant (−1.220; p < 0.001), indicating rapid adjustment and long-run causality from the regressors to GDP growth. Long-run estimates reveal that gross domestic savings as a ratio of GDP (GDSR) and market capitalisation (LMCAPE) exert positive and significant effects on growth, while total savings (LTS) show a significant negative effect. LASI and LNLE are not significant. Real interest rate and exchange rate also display positive long-run impacts. Short-run dynamics provide weak evidence of causality, with most differenced terms insignificant except for a marginal lagged exchange-rate effect. These findings suggest that financial deepening influences growth primarily through structural channels rather than immediate demand effects. Policy implications are twofold: first, deepen capital market infrastructure and instruments to translate mobilised savings into productive investment. Second, address structural bottlenecks that impede efficient allocation of aggregate savings. Collectively, the results support state contingent financial sector strategies that strengthen both savings mobilisation and market depth to foster sustained growth in Nigeria. Policy implications emphasise raising domestic savings and strengthening capital market depth to channel resources into productive investments, while addressing inefficiencies that hinder effective intermediation.
Roxannie B. Calolo
Solid waste management is a complex global challenge, especially in school settings. In this study, I explored the challenges, coping strategies, and successes of a school community in implementing proper waste management. I used a descriptive qualitative research design, conduced focus group discussions and interviews with teachers, student leaders, and students, and analyzed the data through thematic analysis. I found that challenges are multifaceted, including weak environmental discipline, limited resources, and inconsistent policy enforcement. Despite these, the school community adaptive strategies such as collaboration, behavioral change, and improved accountability. I recommend developing sustainable, context-specific interventions that strengthen behavior, policy implementation, and stakeholder collaboration for more effective waste management.
Cathrine L. Tomas, PhD, Rheynafhe Asuncion Abel
High-achieving students are often seen as independent and able to manage academic demands on their own. However, studies show that they also experience challenges that are not always recognized in schools. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of high-achieving students, focusing on their challenges, coping mechanisms, and language learning strategies. The study aimed to develop an integrative model based on these experiences. The study was guided by three theories: Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping, Zimmerman’s Self-Regulated Learning Theory, and Oxford’s Language Learning Strategy Theory. These theories helped explain how students deal with academic pressure, perfectionism, and differences in teaching methods. Findings revealed that high-achieving students experience stress, anxiety, and burnout due to high expectations and limited support. Despite these challenges, they use various coping mechanisms. These include problem-focused strategies such as managing time and setting goals, as well as emotion-focused strategies like practicing self-control, staying positive, and seeking support from others. In terms of language learning, participants reported using metacognitive, cognitive, social, and affective strategies. They also make use of digital tools and independent learning practices to improve their skills. Based on the findings, a conceptual model was developed to show the relationship between the challenges they face, the coping mechanisms they use, and their language learning strategies. The study, conducted in the Philippine context, provides a better understanding of high-achieving students and offers insights that may help improve teaching practices and student support.
Ariel F. Tomimbang., James L. Paglinawan
This research explores the lived experiences of millennial students returning to graduate-level mathematics education after a significant temporal break, navigating an academic landscape currently dominated by "digital native" Gen Z peers. Using a descriptive phenomenological approach, the study investigates the narratives of fifteen masters and doctoral students at Central Mindanao University and other local institutions. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and qualitative surveys conducted between February and April 2026. The findings reveal that academic delay is primarily driven by structural and socioeconomic inhibitors, including financial instability, professional workloads, and the domestic demands of motherhood. Motivation for re-entry is characterized by a dualistic drive: professional pragmatism related to Department of Education (DepEd) promotion mandates and a deeply personal "calling" toward lifelong learning. Crucially, the study identifies a significant "academic transition gap" marked by generational friction, where millennials face with technological adaptation speeds and social isolation within the classroom. However, participants demonstrated adaptive resilience through "technological humility" and the formation of age-congruent support systems to bridge these gaps. The study concludes that "generational friction" should be integrated into adult education models, particularly in STEM fields. It recommends that higher education institutions implement digital refresher modules and flexible scheduling to better support the unique professional and personal roles of returning millennial scholars, ensuring that the pursuit of advanced knowledge remains inclusive across generational divides.
Abdul Karim Ibrhim, Hasnizam Hashim, Mohd Sabree Nasri, Shahrina Romli
Child maintenance remains one of the most contested issues in Islamic family law, particularly in the context of judicial assessment within Shariah Courts. Although the obligation to provide maintenance for children is firmly established under Islamic legal principles, the principal challenge lies in determining an amount that is both adequate for the child’s welfare and proportionate to the financial capacity of the father. Existing practices frequently rely on broad judicial discretion without a structured evaluative framework, resulting in inconsistencies, limited transparency, and perceptions of procedural unfairness. This study critically examines the assessment of child maintenance through the integration of maslahah (public interest/welfare) and mafsadah (harm prevention) as foundational principles of maqasid al-shariah. Employing a qualitative normative methodology, the study analyses statutory provisions, classical juristic sources, contemporary scholarship, and selected Shariah Court decisions concerning child maintenance. The findings indicate that current judicial approaches generally acknowledge the child’s needs and the payer’s financial ability, yet these considerations remain implicit and insufficiently operationalised. In many cases, child welfare is narrowly interpreted as basic material needs, while broader dimensions such as education, healthcare, emotional wellbeing, and long-term development receive less systematic attention. Similarly, potential harms to the payer, including excessive financial burden, non-compliance, and prolonged litigation, are rarely assessed within an explicit balancing framework. The study proposes a more structured child maintenance assessment model based on the prioritisation of needs, contextual financial evaluation, and a transparent balancing of welfare and harm. Such an approach would enhance consistency, strengthen judicial legitimacy, and promote fairer outcomes in Shariah Courts. The study contributes to contemporary debates on Islamic family law reform by demonstrating how maqasid-oriented principles can be translated into practical judicial assessment mechanisms.
Dr. S. M. Tazuddin
Rapid industrialization and population growth in Bangladesh have intensified waste management challenges, leading to environmental degradation and resource scarcity. This paper explores the transition from a traditional "Linear Economy" to a "Circular Economy" (Ahmed et al 2022) as a dual solution for environmental protection and economic growth. The study identifies three core principles: designing out waste, extending product lifespans, and regenerating natural systems. Analysis of local industries reveals varying levels of resource integration: Kiam Metal Industries meets 35% of its raw material demand through recycled aluminum, while Bashundhara Paper Mill and Filotex Fashion Ltd. utilize 15% and 10% waste, respectively. Furthermore, approximately 40% of discarded household waste in the country is repurposed for biogas production. The paper concludes that achieving a sustainable "Blue Economy" requires responsible production, reduced consumption, and robust policy frameworks to transform waste into a "promising industry" that creates employment and ensures environmental stability.
WAMI, Kevin Chinweikpe
Voter apathy continues to undermine democratic participation in Rivers State, Nigeria, raising concerns about the legitimacy of electoral outcomes. Civic education has been identified as a key strategy for addressing this challenge, yet its impact is concerned by weak implementation, limited community engagement, and structural barriers. This position paper explores how civil society engagement, grassroot mobilization, and participatory community programmes can reduce voter apathy by fostering trust, inclusion, and ownership of governance. Drawing on recent election monitoring reports and scholarly studies, the paper highlights that while these strategies have demonstrated potential, their effectiveness is limited by resource constraints, political resistance, and persistent insecurity. To overcome these challenges, suggestions are proposed: strengthening civil society partnership to expand voter education and transparency; investing in grassroots mobilization through community dialogues and inclusive platforms; and implementing participatory programmes that promote peacebuilding and make governance locally relevant. By adopting these measures, Rivers State can revitalize civic education, enhance citizen participation, and strengthen democratic processes.
Bobozoda Isvalikhon
As globalization deepens, English as a global language plays an increasingly critical role in cross-cultural communication and educational development. In Tajikistan, expanding English education at the primary level is a core component of national education strategy, designed to foster students’ global perspectives and communicative competence. However, in real classroom practice, many Tajik primary school students demonstrate low confidence in spoken English, which significantly hinders their learning progress and overall linguistic development. As the central medium of English language teaching, classroom activities directly shape students’ learning engagement and confidence in oral expression.
Geraldine G. Cayabo, Rodilyn C. Angligen
Classroom management is a foundational component of quality teaching that significantly influences the effectiveness of instruction and student learning outcomes. It encompasses the systems and strategies educators use to foster a structured, respectful, and engaging learning environment, including organizing routines, maintaining behavioral norms, and creating spaces where learners can thrive academically and socially (Alsubaie, 2021).
Ikwuoma Sunday Udochukwu, Njoku, Chinwendu Shedrack, Njoku, Ekeledirichukwu Chukwuma
The intersection of climate change, herder-farmer conflicts, and food security in Nigeria presents a complex and escalating crisis. Climate change has exacerbated environmental stress, particularly in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern Nigeria, where desertification and unpredictable rainfall patterns have disrupted traditional livelihoods. This has forced pastoralist herders to migrate southwards in search of grazing lands, bringing them into conflict with sedentary farmers over land and water resources. These tensions have resulted in violent clashes, leading to loss of lives, displacement of communities, and destruction of farmlands. The conflict undermines agricultural productivity, exacerbating food insecurity in a nation where agriculture is a key livelihood for millions. The challenges of addressing this crisis are multifaceted, involving environmental degradation, ethnic tensions, weak governance, and inadequate policy responses. Poor infrastructure, lack of effective conflict resolution mechanisms, and the inability to adapt agricultural practices to climate impacts further aggravate the situation. This paper highlights the urgent need for comprehensive strategies that integrate climate adaptation, conflict resolution, and food security interventions to mitigate the crises affecting Nigeria's rural communities. Addressing these issues requires coordinated efforts among local, national, and international stakeholders, alongside sustainable development and peace-building initiatives.
Arlene B. Laurel, Erwin C. Martinez, Khristian Mae Lee, Maynard A. Ermita
Coconut farming is a vital component of the Philippine agricultural sector; however, destructive pests such as the Asiatic Palm Weevil, Rhinoceros Beetle, Brontispa beetle, and Slug Caterpillar can significantly reduce crop yields when infestations are not detected early. Conventional pest monitoring relies on manual inspection and delayed expert consultation, making pest identification slow and often inaccessible for smallholder farmers. This study proposes CocoGuard, a mobile-accessible artificial intelligence-assisted system for coconut pest detection using deep learning object detection models. A dataset of 2,076 coconut pest images, expanded to 5,398 images through augmentation, was prepared and annotated into seven pest classes. Several object detection models were benchmarked using Precision, Recall, F1-score, and mean Average Precision. Results show that YOLO26s achieved the best performance, obtaining 92.72% mAP@0.5, 92.51% precision, and 89.49% recall while maintaining computational efficiency suitable for mobile deployment.
Johaira Macacua-Ali, Ma. Theres P. Llano, Mary Jane K. Balawag
This study examined the collaboration between healthcare providers and policymakers in selected municipalities within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), focusing on communication, coordination, resource allocation, and strategies to address health disparities. Anchored in Hildegard Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory, the research explored how relational dynamics influence governance and service delivery outcomes in decentralized health systems. A mixed-methods design was used, combining quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews with healthcare workers, local government officials, and key stakeholders. Quantitative results showed moderate levels of collaboration, with communication and coordination remaining major challenges. Qualitative findings further emphasized the rise of adaptive relational governance, where stakeholders depended on informal networks, trust-building, and personal initiative to manage fragmented institutional structures. The integration of findings suggests that while formal mechanisms for collaboration exist, their effectiveness is often constrained by systemic limitations, including unclear policy guidelines, resource inequities, and weak inter-agency alignment. However, interpersonal relationships and localized strategies serve as critical enablers of functional collaboration in practice. The study concludes that strengthening healthcare governance in BARMM requires institutionalizing communication channels, enhancing the capacity of Local Health Boards, and developing policy frameworks that align formal systems with existing informal practices. A strategic roadmap is proposed to improve collaborative governance, promote equity in resource distribution, and ensure sustainable health outcomes in the region.
Hero Jun B. Valendez, James L. Paglinawan
This study examined the influence of collaborative leadership capacity, futuristic thinking capability, and emergency educational preparedness on the strategic leadership of school administrators in Region 10 during the 2025–2026 school year. It assessed collaborative leadership in terms of assessing the environment, visioning and mobilizing, building trust, shared power and influence, developing people, and self-reflection; futuristic thinking capability through future scanning, future visioning, future-oriented planning, and future-focused decision-making; and emergency educational preparedness across emergency planning and delegation, implementation, communication and monitoring, motivation and democratic leadership, professional development, and accountability and transparency. The study also measured strategic leadership in terms of strategic orientation, translation, alignment, intervention, and competence. Findings revealed that school administrators demonstrated high levels of collaborative leadership, futuristic thinking, and emergency preparedness, with assessing the environment and emergency motivation receiving the highest ratings. Strategic leadership was interpreted as highly strategic, though strategic orientation and translation emerged as the dimensions requiring the most refinement. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive relationships between all independent variables and strategic leadership, with emergency preparedness identified as the strongest correlate. Regression analysis identified six significant predictors led by emergency accountability and transparency which accounted for 72.3% of the variance in strategic leadership.
Ivan Jade S. Bentolan, Jonna Mae L. Garao, Orlan D. Tabuada Jr., Rojean M. Gonzales
Customer satisfaction refers to the overall level of fulfillment experienced by guests when their expectations are met or exceeded through effective staff communication and quality service delivery. This research study determined the impact of communication skills on customer satisfaction between customers at inland resorts in Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. This study examined the relationship between various communication indicators including writing, oral, listening, digital, and nonverbal communication skills and their specific impact on customers' overall satisfaction during their stay at inland resorts. This research identified the communication indicators that had become important for boosting customer satisfaction. A quantitative-descriptive correlational design was used to gather data from 383 guests selected through stratified sampling. Data were collected using a modified questionnaire analyzing the perception of staff communication and satisfaction through performance, threshold, and excitement attributes. To examine the correlations between variables, statistical tools such as the mean and standard deviation were used. Findings revealed that employees' communication skills significantly improve guest satisfaction. Oral and written communication have the strongest influence in building trust, understanding guest needs, and enhancing overall experiences. The study highlights the importance of clear and consistent communication in encouraging return visits. The research study indicates that enhancing staff communication competence is important for achieving an excellent level of satisfaction with customers in the tourism industry. It recommends ongoing staff training to strengthen digital and interpersonal communication, thereby improving resort attractiveness and customer relationships.
Muhammad Nur Adilin Mohd Anuardi, Nik Aloesnita Nik Mohd Alwi, Umi Kalsom Masrom, Wan Noor Farah Wan Shamsuddin
In response to the lack of proficiency in English amongst Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) graduates, various communication courses are introduced in tertiary institutions as part of the curriculum to tackle more authentic and applicable English use in the workplace. Considering the high demand for such courses, it is crucial to identify the specific needs of a diverse range of learners to effectively deliver the courses. This study explores the communicative needs of 112 students enrolling in a communication course in one of public universities that offers TVET programs in Malaysia. The primary objectives of this study are to explore learners’ present and future needs in professional communication in four skills-listening, writing, reading, and speaking and identify the learners’ learning strategies. The findings found interesting trend on TVET students’ preference in receptive skills which are listening and reading. This could be explained by the fact that the nature of TVET courses which primarily centred on understanding instructions and manuals. Moreover, the learner diversity in terms of learning strategies employed by the students when learning English are also explored in present study. The findings provide more effective pedagogical approach for instructors who teach similar courses. Not only that, this study could also provide insights in understanding diverse learners’ needs and strategies in learning a communication course so that successful courses could be designed and delivered.
Gliezel N. Logroño, EdD, Samuel J. Gulayan, Phd
This study focused on community engagement, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) practices, and the level of school safety and preparedness in public schools in the Division of Bohol, Congressional District II. It explored the experiences and perceptions of stakeholders, examined how DRRM practices are implemented, and determined how these factors relate to school safety and preparedness. The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative research through a convergent parallel mixed-method design. 300 school heads participated in a quantitative data survey through questionnaires. Semi-structured interviews were used with 15 sample participants (composed of both school heads and barangay captains/DRRM focal persons) to gain qualitative survey information. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically according to Braun & Clarke's framework, and the quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation). Results of the study indicated that schools show a general level of active community engagement and consistent implementation of DRRM practices across each of the four phases. The level of school safety and preparedness was also found to be high (WM = 3.29). Despite the existence of barriers to achieving total safety and preparedness (e.g., limited resources), these factors include the variation of social support systems, (lessening) the need for increased stakeholder input. Further correlation analyses indicated that the integration of DRR practices, community engagement and safety levels at schools (p < 0.001) yielded significant correlations. Therefore, this study recommends that stakeholders strengthen collaboration, provide frequent training/capacity-building opportunities, improve their current safety planning efforts, ensure adequate resources/technical support from the Department of Education, and conduct further research to confirm the results of this study and identify additional factors that may continue to promote long-term disaster resilience in schools.
Dr. Priya Dehingia
This study aims to access and compared the level of teaching effectiveness between government and private secondary school teachers in Namsai.A descriptive survey method was employed using a sample of 100 teachers (50 government and 50 private). Data analysis revealed that government teachers (M=4.75, SD =.157) and private teachers (M=4.74, SD=.149) exhibit nearly identical levels of effectiveness. The independent sample t-test results (t=.133, p=.820) indicated no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Consequently, the null hypothesis was accepted. These findings suggest that regardless of the management type, secondary school teachers in Namsai maintain a consistently high standard of teaching performance.
Mohamed Shadi
Obesity is a major public health problem in Egypt, contributing to a high burden of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and related healthcare costs. GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide, marketed as Ozempic/Wegovy) induce substantial weight loss (~15% of body weight) and may reduce obesity-related comorbidities, but their high cost raises questions about affordability and economic value in low-middle-income settings. To evaluate the long-term economic impact of GLP-1 therapy for obesity versus standard care (no pharmacological intervention) in Egyptian adults with obesity from a healthcare system perspective. A cohort Markov model was developed for obese Egyptian adults (age 40, BMI ≥30) over a 30-year horizon. Health states included no complications, T2DM, hypertension (HTN), CVD, and death. Transition probabilities were derived from Egyptian/Middle East epidemiological data and clinical trial evidence. Two strategies were compared: (a) chronic GLP-1 therapy for weight loss (with drug costs calibrated to Egyptian pricing) and (b) standard care (lifestyle management only). The model estimated the cumulative incidence of obesity-related diseases and total lifetime medical costs per person (in 2025 USD), including drug and complication treatment costs. GLP-1 therapy markedly reduced the 30-year cumulative incidence of T2DM (approximately 20% vs 50% under standard care) and CVD events (15% vs 20%), with a moderate reduction in HTN (50% vs 70%). However, lifetime cost per person was much higher with GLP-1 therapy (~$45,000) compared to standard care (~$2,000), an incremental cost of about $43,000 driven primarily by medication expenses. From the Egyptian healthcare perspective, GLP-1 obesity treatment can substantially improve health outcomes by preventing diabetes and CVD, but at a large financial cost. Unless drug prices fall or treatment is targeted to very high-risk groups, GLP-1 therapy is unlikely to be cost-saving in Egypt. Strategies to improve the cost-effectiveness of pharmacological obesity treatments (such as local price negotiations or selective use in those with prediabetes) are needed to justify widespread adoption in resource-limited health systems.
Ahmad Hasif Mhd Shukeri, Mohd Izani Othman, Mohd Nadzri Mohd Najib, Netti Kemala Sari, Norasyikin Mohaiyuddin, Nursyuhadah Othman, Suraya Sulaiman, Wong Yuet Yen
Pharmacotherapy education requires integration of pharmacological knowledge with clinical application, yet performance differences between junior and senior pharmacy students within the same course remain underexplored. This study compared assessment outcomes between Semester 2 and Semester 4 Diploma in Pharmacy students enrolled in a pharmacotherapy course and examined predictors of performance. A cross-sectional study involving 159 students (Semester 2, n = 81; Semester 4, n = 78) was conducted. Assessments comprised a midterm test (20%), group assignment (20%), and final examination (60%). Semester 4 students achieved significantly higher scores in the midterm (p < 0.001), final examination (p = 0.011), and overall weighted marks (p = 0.004), while Semester 2 students scored higher in group assignments (p = 0.014). Failure rates were higher among Semester 2 students (11.1% vs. 1.3%). Regression analysis identified midterm performance as a strong predictor of final examination scores (β = 0.727, p < 0.001). Overall, senior students outperformed junior students, underscoring the diagnostic value of early assessments and the need for targeted academic support for junior cohorts.
Arnel S. Miraflor
Much district educators dislike research, so they don't conduct it. Because of this, the researcher decided to investigate the causes. In response, this study evaluated Sta. district educators' research skills in Sta. Cruz, Zambales. The research was descriptive correlational. Specifically, a descriptive research approach was used to examine multiple factors. Furthermore, teachers and administrators were informed of the study's purpose and methods. The study used a validated self-administered questionnaire. Despite these efforts, some teachers cannot do classroom action research. The results show that some educators do not engage in school action research, some are unable to create clear, detailed, quantifiable, attainable, and goal-oriented objectives, and some are skeptical about its benefits and view it as difficult. Additionally, district teachers struggle to get action research books and in-text citations. For future improvements, research should include a broader range of teacher performance characteristics.
Mohd Amir Rashdan Mat Kashim, Mohd Saidin Misnan, Norsyazwana Jenuwa
This study investigates the competency of Railway Safety Officers (RSOs) in ensuring railway track safety in Malaysia, with a focus on Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB). The increasing demand for railway services, driven by population growth and infrastructure expansion, has intensified the need for effective safety management in complex and high-risk environments. Railway construction and operations involve various hazards, including heavy machinery, electrical risks, working at heights, and exposure to hazardous materials, making competent safety personnel essential. This research adopts a competency-based approach by integrating key elements such as knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavioral attributes required for effective job performance. The study highlights the critical role of RSOs in minimizing accident risks, ensuring compliance with safety regulations, and promoting a strong safety culture within the organization. A competency framework is proposed, incorporating dimensions such as professional knowledge, teamwork, leadership, psychological attributes, and management capabilities. The study is further supported by the Theory of Planned Behavior, which emphasizes that an individual’s intention significantly influences their actions and safety performance. The findings suggest that enhancing RSO competencies can improve safety outcomes, reduce incidents, and ensure efficient railway operations. Ultimately, this study provides a structured framework for improving the training, assessment, and development of RSOs, contributing to a safer and more sustainable railway system in Malaysia.
Dr. Yusuf Malik Frederick
Despite growing evidence that spiritual abuse and racial trauma independently contribute to psychological distress, their intersection within racially marginalized faith communities remains insufficiently understood. African American Muslims are notably underrepresented in research on religious harm and race-based stress, creating a critical gap in understanding how congregational power dynamics and anti-Blackness jointly produce psychospiritual injury. This study addresses this gap by examining the combined effects of spiritually abusive experiences and race-based stress on mental health, while exploring institutional mechanisms that translate congregational practices into individual harm. Grounded in an intersectionality-informed minority stress framework, it incorporates concepts of institutional betrayal and moral-epistemic injury to investigate multi-level sources of harm. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, the study integrates quantitative self-report surveys with in-depth qualitative interviews. Participants were African American Muslim adults with experience in congregational settings. Quantitative measures assessed spiritual abuse, race-based traumatic stress, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and moral-epistemic distress, with analyses examining associations and multivariate relationships. Qualitative interviews employed a phenomenological approach to explore lived experiences and identify themes related to organizational behavior and leadership practices. Findings revealed strong associations between spiritual abuse, racial trauma, and psychological distress, with evidence of overlapping and mutually reinforcing effects. Thematic analysis identified three institutional pathways of epistemic marginalization, doctrinal weaponization, and institutional betrayal through which harm is enacted. Overall, results highlight the synergistic nature of these stressors, framing spiritual abuse in marginalized religious contexts as an intersectional public health concern requiring culturally informed clinical and institutional responses.
Qi Kou, Qiwei Lu
Based on Social Cognitive Theory, this conceptual paper proposes a comprehensive framework to unpack the psychological mechanisms and boundary conditions that translate human-AI collaboration into teacher innovative behavior. Specifically, the model identifies AI self-efficacy as the central cognitive mediator that bridges teachers' collaborative experiences with AI to their proactive innovations. Furthermore, the framework positions organizational innovative climate as a crucial contextual moderator, highlighting that a supportive, resource-rich school environment is essential to amplify the positive effects of teachers' AI self-efficacy on innovative actions. Ultimately, this study provides educational policymakers and administrators with a theoretical roadmap to mitigate technology-induced burnout by actively cultivating teachers' psychological capital and fostering an innovation-oriented school culture.
Alexander F. Suan, Oshen A. Pajaron
Reading serves as a gateway to learning, critical thinking, and knowledge acquisition, making reading comprehension a crucial skill for Grade 4 pupils, particularly those in hinterland areas where access to educational resources may be limited. However, limited studies have examined the combined influence of well-being and academic efficacy on the reading comprehension of learners in these contexts. This study examined the influence of well-being and academic efficacy on the reading comprehension of 137 Grade 4 pupils in selected hinterland public elementary schools during School Year 2025–2026. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed using a modified questionnaire, and multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether the variables significantly predict reading comprehension. Results revealed that although pupils frequently experienced well-being and demonstrated a high level of academic efficacy, their overall reading comprehension remained at the Beginning level. Further analysis showed that both well-being and academic efficacy significantly influenced reading comprehension. The findings suggest that improving reading comprehension requires not only the development of cognitive skills but also the strengthening of learners’ well-being and academic efficacy. Thus, interventions that integrate socio-emotional support and academic skill development are essential to enhance learners’ reading performance, particularly in resource-limited hinterland schools. Schools, particularly in hinterland areas, may implement integrated reading intervention programs that simultaneously strengthen learners’ socio-emotional well-being, academic efficacy, and reading comprehension through structured, scaffolded, and learner-centered instructional strategies.
Ajani Sodiq Olayemi, Elemide Musibau Alao, Siyanbola, Trimisiyu Tunji
This study examined the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on the financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Environmental disclosure, social disclosure, and governance disclosure served as the independent variables, while Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Tobin's Q were employed as proxies for financial performance. Firm size and leverage were incorporated as control variables. Adopting an ex-post facto research design, the study analysed panel data drawn from the annual reports and financial statements of 30 selected listed manufacturing firms for the period 2015–2024, yielding 93 firm-year observations. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares panel regression. Descriptive results indicated that the sampled firms reported at relatively high levels across all CSR dimensions, with governance disclosure recording the highest mean value. The regression results revealed that CSR disclosure dimensions do not exert a statistically significant effect on ROA, ROE, or Tobin's Q. However, leverage and firm size significantly influenced financial performance: leverage exerted a significant negative effect on ROE (B = −0.199; p = 0.000), while firm size exerted a significant positive effect on ROE (B = 0.062; p = 0.013). The study concludes that, while CSR disclosure enhances corporate transparency and stakeholder communication, its direct impact on short-term financial performance remains limited for listed Nigerian manufacturing firms. Firms are encouraged to embed CSR strategies within long-term corporate objectives, and regulatory bodies should advance standardised reporting frameworks to improve disclosure comparability and investor utility
Christian O. Limbago, Darwin I. Magbanua, Jerrelyn Vicky C. Cañete, Mariecar J. Cagbabanua, Rogen Paul G. Geromo
The study aimed to determine the corporate social responsibility practices of cooperatives in Dipolog City. The researchers utilized a quantitative type of research in profiling the cooperatives, identifying the CSR objectives and assessing the CSR practices of cooperatives and used a modified survey research questionnaire adopted from the study of Cherobon to gather data and achieve the goals of the study. Findings revealed that Dipolog City has multi-purpose cooperatives and their CSR objectives are focused to the community, employee, and customer. The cooperatives in Dipolog City have truly served its members, community, and employees, which is one of the fundamental reasons for their long-term viability. It can be deduced that cooperatives in Dipolog City were excellent in their CSR practices and that they are considered a beneficial investment for their members and potential members in the future because they were able to serve their true purpose in the society.
ThankGod Amukele Mahel
The interdisciplinary dynamics of human resource management policies and practices enable organizations to realize their goals and business objectives. Recruitment and selection processes, compensation and rewards, employee involvement, training and development, working conditions, and performance appraisal practices impact employees’ satisfaction and commitment decisions in an organization. However, to achieve remarkable success in goal achievement, positioning the organization in the labor market, and obtaining a competitive advantage, organizations, especially higher education institutions, must foster policies and practices that boost teachers/professors' job satisfaction and commitment. Therefore, this research project investigates the impact of human resources management practices on employees' (teachers/professors) job satisfaction and organizational commitment in a public university in Cavite, Philippines. The descriptive design and quantitative method were used to integrate the study coherently and logically. Besides, the author combined purposive sampling to select the research locale, whereas stratified random sampling techniques were utilized to stratify participants based on their college of assignment. Data for the study were collected among 180 participants, males 79 (43.9%) and females 101(56.1%). Questionnaires asking about HRMPs, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment Scales were used to collate primary data for the study. The statistical treatment used was mean, standard deviation, and product-moment correlation coefficient (PMCC). Accordingly, a positive and significant correlation between human resource management practices variables and the job satisfaction subscales. Also, the results showed a strong, significant correlation between human resource management policies and practices components and the organizational commitment elements. The implications of the study are discussed in the paper.
Abdul Hadi Ismail, Mohd Zubir Awang, Nor Faridah Mat Nong, Wan Mohd Yusof Wan Chik
The rapid expansion of digital financial platforms has accelerated the use of Peer to Peer (P2P) financing as an alternative mechanism for investment and funding. Within Islamic finance, Islamic P2P platforms and Islamic investment notes have emerged as Shariah compliant instruments aimed at promoting ethical capital mobilisation, financial inclusion, and micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) financing without reliance on interest based lending. Despite increasing regulatory recognition and market adoption, concerns persist regarding their Shariah legitimacy, particularly with respect to contractual substance, risk sharing authenticity, governance adequacy, and post disbursement utilisation of funds. This study undertakes a qualitative doctrinal Shariah assessment grounded in fiqh al muʿāmalāt and maqāṣid Shariah. Using Islamic P2P platforms approved by the Securities Commission Malaysia as a case study, the analysis examines Mushārakah, Muḍārabah, Wakālah, and Commodity Murābaḥah (Tawarruq) structures. The study identifies critical implementation level Shariah risks, including deceptive disclosure, negligent default, and non Shariah use of proceeds. It argues that regulatory approval alone is insufficient to ensure Shariah compliance in substance and proposes a contract centric, lifecycle based Shariah governance framework for Islamic digital platform
Charitha Jeewanthi Gangewaththa
The rapid development and change of digital technologies have transformed the ways in which culture is produced, transmitted and consumed. Specially in developing countries, like Sri Lanka digital communication systems provide not merely occasions for economic upswing but also strong tool for preservation of culture. This research studies how Sri Lankan traditional dance like, Kandyan, Low country and Sabaragamuwa dance can be merged into digital as an opportunity to sustaining heritage and intercultural dialogue promotion. The central research question leading this study is: How can Sri lankan Traditional dance be preserved and promoted through digital platforms such as YouTube and TikTok while safeguarding its cultural authenticity? By consuming with students of Dance and Drama faculty, University of Visual and performing Arts, Sri Lanka, the research seeks the authentic experiences of young professionals who overcome between both tradition and technology. Particular attention is given to both YouTube and TikTok, that are most consuming platforms forming how Sri Lankan traditional dance is represented in digital era. Research methodology consuming a qualitative research approach and the research draws on semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observations and content analysis of digital dance materials. Research findings provide that these platforms develop important opportunities for global visibility, education of culture and new innovations. However, this study found not merely advantages but also disadvantages. Including authenticity concerns, commercialization, digital imbalance, and distractions of ritual meanings. University students demonstrated confidence on the TikTok and YouTube role in cultural preservation but they highlighted the requirement for sensitive context approaches that protect the depth meaning of traditional practices. This research approached by Cultural Studies theory and Diffusion of Innovation theory, which these two theories together deliver a framework to evaluate how traditional dance is represented on YouTube and TikTok platforms and how practitioners assumed new technologies. This research helps to argue about the intersection of culture and technology in Sri Lanka, providing significant insights for policy development for culture, heritage education and innovation of digital platforms. This research concludes that when used responsibly via digital systems like YouTube and TikTok can act a transformative role in preserving Sri Lankan traditional dance if instructed by ethical, inclusive and frameworks of culturally grounded.
Aprilyn P. Panganoron, Isaac C. Gavas Jr., Leslie Mae S. Asas.
This study examined culturally responsive practices and school leadership strategies among public secondary schools in Ubay Districts I, II, and III, with the purpose of developing a strategic action plan that could be proposed based on the results of the study for improving inclusive and effective school management. Specifically, assessed the extent to which culturally responsive practices and school leadership strategies were manifested in the school setting. It further investigated the significant relationship between the two variables to determine how leadership strategies influence culturally responsive teaching practices. Findings revealed that both culturally responsive practices and school leadership strategies were highly evident among the respondents. Teachers strongly agreed that they consistently acknowledge learners’ diverse cultural backgrounds, integrate familiar cultural examples in lessons, and promote respect for cultural differences in the classroom. Likewise, respondents strongly agreed that school heads foster respectful and professional school environments, recognize teachers’ accomplishments, and motivate teachers to improve instructional performance. Statistical analysis further revealed a significant relationship between culturally responsive practices and school leadership strategies, confirming that effective leadership contributes to the successful implementation of culturally responsive teaching practice.
Ming Turner, Voraprat Kharanant
This paper examines the intersection of contemporary art, curatorial practice, and development policy in the Mekong Subregion through a case study of Thailand Biennale, Chiang Rai 2023: The Open World in Chiang Saen District. Located at the tri-border area of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, Chiang Saen reflects overlapping pressures of heritage preservation, cross-border mobility, tourism development, special economic zone planning, and ecological precarity along the Mekong River. The Biennale strategically used historical ruins, riverfront areas, municipal spaces, warehouses, schools, and local cultural venues as temporary exhibition sites, transforming the district into a distributed curatorial landscape. The study investigates how these interventions reconfigured fixed or underused spaces into platforms for public reflection and critical dialogue. Methodologically, it adopts a qualitative case-study approach combining document analysis, site-specific interpretation, and thematic analysis of selected artworks and venues. Findings suggest that the Biennale operated as a form of spatial negotiation in which contemporary art activated tensions between existing site functions and new interpretive possibilities. The paper proposes the concept of curatorial intersectionality to explain how such interventions mediate among state policy, global art discourse, local memory, and socio-ecological urgency. Although temporary, the Biennale re-signified Chiang Saen as a critical cultural site for reconsidering development, heritage, and regional identity in the Mekong context, while also indicating the potential and limits of cultural events as catalysts for spatial and policy reflection.
Jerry Uchenna Nwohu, PhD
Nigeria's security landscape has become increasingly complex, with armed groups operating across multiple regions including Zamfara, Katsina, Kaduna, and Borno states. Despite significant military expenditures and the deployment of various security agencies, the persistence of banditry, insurgency, and kidnapping-for-ransom suggests that conventional security approaches have been insufficient. This study presents a pragmatic framework for addressing insecurity in Nigeria by integrating public health logic, local governance structures, and coordinated security operations. Drawing lessons from Nigeria's COVID-19 containment architecture, the proposed framework emphasizes synchronized enforcement across federal, state, and local levels, enhanced intelligence-sharing mechanisms, engagement of traditional institutions, aerial surveillance of ungoverned spaces, monitoring of mining activities, and control of porous borders. The framework aims to restrict armed group movement, enhance intelligence capabilities, and reassert state presence in forested and border communities. By adopting a multi-sectoral, coordinated approach, this framework offers a viable pathway for shrinking the operational space of violent actors and improving security outcomes across Nigeria.
Hemant Nepal
Cross-border trade is a defining feature of Nepal’s border economy, particularly in the Nepal-India border. A large share of this trade operates informally outside official customs procedures and remains central to local livelihoods and the local economy. This study examines the current trends and status, nature, scale, modes of operation, and implications of informal cross-border trade in Eastern Nepal, drawing on primary survey data from 145 respondents in border-adjacent communities, as well as interviews, observations, and secondary sources. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach to explore socio-demographic characteristics, border-crossing patterns, traded goods, causes of informality, border-related challenges, and perceived income effects. The findings reveal that the local community's cross-border trade is predominantly small-scale and occasional, with most respondents reporting monthly trade values below NPR 50,000. In informal trade, household goods predominate, and nearly three-quarters of respondents reported engaging in or being exposed to trade without customs clearance. Informality is driven mainly by small trade volumes, high taxes, and complex customs procedures. While informal trade also contributes positively to income for some households, its overall impact on the respondents' livelihoods is mixed. The study concludes that simplified customs procedures, reduced taxes, and trader-friendly border governance are essential to promote inclusive and sustainable cross-border trade in Eastern Nepal.
Abubakar Sani, PhD
The persistent disconnect between higher education curricula and labour market demands has intensified concerns over graduate employability in Nigeria. This review paper systematically examines existing literature to assess how curriculum design predicts employability competencies among Nigerian students. Synthesizing findings from peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2024, the review focuses on four core curriculum components: content, pedagogy, assessment methods, and industry integration. The analysis reveals that while theoretical knowledge remains adequately covered, Nigerian curricula consistently underemphasize practical competency development, particularly in critical thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork. Industry integration emerges as the most significant predictor of employability, yet it remains the most underutilized curriculum element across Nigerian universities. The review also identifies a predominant reliance on traditional lecture-based pedagogies and rote assessment methods, which weakly predict employability outcomes. It concludes that curriculum design can serve as a robust employability predictor only when intentionally restructured around competency-based frameworks, experiential learning, and sustained industry collaboration. Recommendations for policy and future research are discussed.
Aljan G. Castilar, Girly H. Naval
This study determined the level of customer satisfaction on electronic payment system in selected commercial banks in Daet, Camarines Norte Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions: 1) What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: age, sex, nature of employment, educational attainment frequency of use and commonly used electronic payment system;2) What is the level of customer satisfaction on the electronic payment system along perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness 3) Is there a significant relationship between the profile and the level of satisfaction of the customers 4) What are the problems encountered by the customers on the electronic payment system; and 5) Based on the findings of the study, what strategies may be formulated to enhance the customer satisfaction on electronic payment system of the selected commercial banks in Daet, Camarines Norte? A total of five (5) commercial banks from the registered large banks are the target population of this study from there the researcher will randomly select fifty (50) respondents who are using electronic payment system such as: mobile banking, internet/online banking, debit card (ATM) and credit card (POS) for at least one year of each commercial banks. The researcher chose exclusively the center of commerce of the province of Camarines Norte its capital town the Municipality of Daet because the identified commercial banks are located within the area.
Atsue Terhile Emmanuel Ph.D., Edunghu Martha Ayim Ph.D.
The farmer-herder crisis in Nigeria's North East especially southern Taraba state which shares its borders with the middle belt states of Benue, Plateau and Nassarawa has precipitated a complex humanitarian emergency, marked by mass displacement and profound gendered consequences. This study investigates the cyclical and interlocking traumas experienced by two critically vulnerable yet distinct groups—widows and adolescent girls—displaced by recurrent violence in Takum Local Government Area (LGA) of Taraba State. Utilizing a qualitative case study methodology, the research focuses on IDP camps within Takum LG hosting survivors from villages like, Peva, Gatatti, Torlijam, Januan niyife, Januan gaba, Gbise and Tortser, devastated in the 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025 attacks. Findings reveal a devastating trajectory where initial violence triggers secondary traumas within the camp environment. For widows, spousal bereavement catalyzes a cascade of psychological distress (Complex-PTSD), economic precarity through land dispossession, and heightened vulnerability to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Concurrently, adolescent girls face an environment where SGBV and exploitative transactional sex are normalized, leading to a “weekly experience” of teenage pregnancy that irrevocably terminates their education. This paper argues that the IDP camp, rather than a sanctuary, functions as a site of continued gendered insecurity, perpetuating a cycle of trauma that threatens to spill intergenerationally. The study concludes that without integrated, trauma-informed interventions targeting the specific vulnerabilities of these groups, the conflict will leave a legacy of entrenched poverty and psychological scarring that undermines long-term peace building and sustainable development in the region.
Amon M. Karanja, Stephen M. Muthoni
This study examines the spatial impacts of decentralization on rural service delivery and the evolving geography of rural economies in the context of globalization and agro-industrial transformation. The study was guided by two research questions: (i) how decentralization influences the spatial distribution and accessibility of public services in rural areas, and (ii) how globalization and agro-industrialization reshape rural economic geographies. A qualitative meta-synthesis and integrative conceptual review design was adopted, drawing on ten recent peer-reviewed journal articles (2014–2023) in political geography, rural studies, and development studies. Data were analyzed through thematic synthesis and comparative interpretation of cross-contextual findings. The findings reveal that decentralization enhances service delivery responsiveness, spatial accessibility, and local participation where fiscal autonomy, institutional capacity, and accountability mechanisms are strong. However, significant territorial disparities persist, as regions with limited administrative capacity and weak economic bases experience constrained service provision, reinforcing uneven spatial development. Furthermore, globalization and agro-industrial transformation have reconfigured rural economies through integration into global value chains, the emergence of agro-industrial clusters, and the expansion of rural–urban linkages. These processes have generated hybrid rural economies characterized by diversification, commercialization, and increased connectivity, but have also intensified socio-spatial inequalities and marginalized resource-poor regions. The study concludes that decentralization and globalization operate as interconnected multi-scalar processes that reshape rural governance and economic systems in uneven ways. Effective policy interventions require strengthening local institutional capacity, promoting spatial equity, and ensuring inclusive integration of rural areas into global economic systems.
Cai Lianyu, Solomon Fobi
The widespread adoption of hybrid learning models in higher education following the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified longstanding challenges in defining and measuring student engagement. This methodological systematic review examines how student engagement has been conceptualized and operationalized in hybrid higher education research published between 2019 and 2025. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we screened 1,867 records across five databases (ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ProQuest), resulting in 66 included studies. Results reveal that while Fredricks et al.'s (2004) tripartite framework (behavioral, 84.8%; cognitive, 75.8%; emotional, 74.2%) remains dominant, significant methodological concerns persist. Critically, 65.2% of studies employed custom-developed or adapted scales rather than validated instruments, and only 19.7% used established measures. Misalignment between conceptual definitions and measurement approaches was prevalent, particularly for cognitive and agentic engagement dimensions. Social (12.1%) and agentic (7.6%) engagement remain underexplored despite their theoretical relevance to hybrid contexts. Geographically, research concentrates in Asia (50.0%) and North America (27.3%), limiting generalizability. The review identifies urgent needs for: (a) validated, hybrid-specific engagement instruments; (b) clearer alignment between theoretical frameworks and measurement approaches; (c) greater attention to emerging dimensions including social and agentic engagement; and (d) improved reporting of hybrid learning model specifications. We provide methodological recommendations to enhance construct validity, cross-study comparability, and cumulative knowledge building in this rapidly expanding field.
Badau , Kabiru Mohammed, Fwah, Candy Michael, Kotirde, Isa Yuguda
The study assessed departmental and faculty committee distributed leadership as predictors of academic staff job effectiveness in Federal Universities in North-East Nigeria. The study was guided by three objectives, three research questions, and three null hypotheses. A predictive correlational research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised 6,575 academic staff in Federal Universities in North-East Nigeria. Using simple random sampling and proportionate stratified sampling techniques (simple random sampling of states and proportionate sampling of respondents across selected universities), a sample size of 658 academic staff was drawn for the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires: Departmental and Faculty Committees Distributed Leadership and Academic Staff Job Effectiveness Questionnaire (DFCDLASJEQ). The instruments contained 20 items in total and were structured on a 5-point rating scale. The instruments were validated by three experts, while reliability was determined through a pilot study using the Cronbach’s alpha procedure (0.852). Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while simple linear regression and multiple regression analyses were used for hypothesis testing at 0.05 level of significance, using SPSS version 27. Findings revealed that departmental distributed leadership (M=3.47, SD=0.95; F(1,118)=21.959, p<0.05), and faculty committee distributed leadership (M=3.36, SD=0.94; F(1,118)=21.575, p<0.05), significantly predicted academic staff job effectiveness. The study concludes that strengthening departmental and faculty committees distributed leadership practices is critical for improving academic staff job effectiveness in Federal Universities in North-East Nigeria. It was recommended, among others, that institutions should foster teamwork and collegiality among staff through team-building activities, collaborative projects, and recognition of cooperative efforts.
Dr. Ma. Magdalena V. Gatdula, Engr. Meshelle N. Fabro, Engr. Michael Andre P. Guevarra, Engr. Ruth Arlene T. Necio, Engr. William C. Dionisio
Maintaining proper hand hygiene is essential for preventing the spread of infectious diseases in public and high-traffic environments. However, traditional alcohol dispensers often require physical contact, which may increase the risk of cross-contamination and lack effective monitoring of alcohol levels. This study presents the design and development of an infrared-based touchless alcohol dispenser with SMS notification aimed at promoting safer and more efficient hand hygiene practices. The proposed system utilizes an infrared (IR) sensor to detect the presence of a user's hand and automatically activates a pump mechanism to dispense a controlled amount of alcohol without physical contact. A microcontroller serves as the central control unit that manages the sensing, dispensing, and monitoring processes. Additionally, a liquid level sensor continuously monitors the remaining alcohol level in the dispenser container. When the alcohol level reaches a predefined threshold, a GSM module automatically sends a Short Message Service (SMS) notification to designated personnel, enabling timely refilling and preventing service interruption. The prototype was evaluated based on detection responsiveness, dispensing consistency, system reliability, and SMS notification performance. Results show that the system effectively provides touchless operation, controlled dispensing, and real-time refill alerts. The developed prototype demonstrates a low-cost, automated, and scalable hygiene solution suitable for schools, offices, and other public facilities, contributing to improved sanitation management and public health safety.
Alice Shanti, Deliena Tasha Abd Rahim, Noor Aisyah Idris, Norani Amit, Nur Hidayah Mohd Razali, Siti Salwa Salleh
Web-based survey platforms such as Google Forms and SurveyMonkey have become widely adopted in academic and applied research due to their efficiency, accessibility, and low operational cost. However, open online survey environments introduce challenges related to respondent inattentiveness, satisficing behaviours, and data authenticity, which can compromise the reliability and validity of collected data. To address these issues, this study aims to design, develop, and evaluate a web-based questionnaire framework that integrates intervention techniques to enhance response quality. Specifically, the study identifies three practical intervention mechanisms—straightlining detection, consistency or logic checks, and attention check questions—and embeds them within an incentive-based survey system that securely collects respondent banking details for token distribution. The methodology comprises four phases: identification of intervention techniques through literature review; system design and proof of concept; data collection using the developed platform; and usability evaluation conducted with 11 survey instrument developers. Usability was assessed across five dimensions: interface usability, navigation, clarity, satisfaction, and overall experience. Results indicated strong usability performance, with average scores exceeding 80% across all dimensions. Clarity of instructions achieved the highest score (87%), while efficiency scored 80%, suggesting minor areas for optimization. The findings demonstrate that embedded intervention techniques do not detract from user experience while supporting attentive participation. Future work should focus on validating the effectiveness of these intervention techniques in detecting low-quality responses across diverse respondent populations and survey contexts, as well as exploring automation of real-time response filtering to further enhance data integrity.
Blessing I. Nwatulegwu, Martins A. Anetekhai
Coastal West Africa faces dual and interconnected crises: escalating sargassum blooms and aquaculture feed import dependency. Since 2011, massive sargassum influxes, part of the Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt have disrupted coastal ecosystems and communities across the region while Nigeria imports aquafeed ingredients. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for a five-year National Sargassum–Aquafeed Value-Chain Training Programme (NSAVTP) designed to address both challenges through circular economy principles. The NSAVTP proposes training 10,000 Nigerians across six curricula covering sargassum harvesting, processing, and aquafeed formulation, targeting 60% women and 70% youth participation. With a budget of USD 6.8 - USD 6.9 million, the programme aims to establish 1,000 certified micro-enterprises, reduce aquafeed imports by 30%, and process 50,000 tonnes of sargassum annually while generating $120–150 million in annual foreign exchange savings. Drawing on evidence from women-focused capacity-building in aquaculture value chains and successful training-of-trainers models, this article examines the theoretical foundations, implementation strategy, and anticipated socioeconomic and environmental impacts of this scalable model. The NSAVTP framework operationalizes Nigeria's blue economy agenda while advancing gender equality and climate adaptation in coastal communities.
Ahmad Suffian Mohd Zahari, Najihah Marha Yaacob, Nik Noor Afizah Azlan, Siti Noraqilah Mustafaa
This study explores the critical issue of employee loyalty at KMI Kuala Terengganu Medical Centre in light of rising turnover rates, particularly among clinical staff. It investigates the influence of five key factors, employee benefits, employee empowerment, structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and job satisfaction on employee commitment. Guided by Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory and Job Enrichment Theory, the research adopts a quantitative approach using survey data from 210 employees. Employee benefits, psychological empowerment, and job satisfaction were found to have significant positive relationships with employee loyalty, indicating that these factors play a crucial role in fostering commitment among staff at KMI Kuala Terengganu Medical Centre. In contrast, employee empowerment and structural empowerment did not show a significant influence on employee loyalty, suggesting that merely providing authority or access to resources is insufficient without addressing deeper psychological needs and overall job satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of focusing on intrinsic motivation and employee well-being to strengthen organizational loyalty.
Dr. Doreen M. Othero, Sharon Tina Odhiambo
Motorcycle-related injuries remain a significant public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. This study assessed factors associated with head and neck injuries among commercial motorcyclists in Kisumu County, Kenya.A community-based analytical cross-sectional study assessed socio-demographic, behavioral and cognitive determinants of head and neck injuries among 375 commercial motorcyclists in Kisumu County selected through cluster sampling. The lifetime prevalence of head and neck injuries was 5.9%. Most respondents were male (95.7%), aged 25–34 years (44.2%), and had secondary education (51.3%). Inconsistent helmet use was significantly associated with injury at bivariate level (χ² = 10.88, p = 0.012), with riders who never wore helmets having higher crude odds of injury (OR = 4.18; 95% CI: 1.27–13.79). However, this association did not remain statistically significant in the multivariate model, likely due to confounding by riding experience and small cell sizes in the never-use category, as reflected by the wide confidence interval. Multivariate logistic regression showed that riders with more than 6 years of riding experience had significantly increased odds of injury (AOR = 6.39, 95% CI: 1.75–23.37, p = 0.005), suggesting cumulative occupational exposure and possible risk normalization. Overall, riding experience emerged as the only independent predictor of head and neck injuries, while socio-demographic variables and overall knowledge scores were not significant. The findings suggest that behavior-focused interventions and strengthened helmet law enforcement remain important, but prolonged occupational exposure should be prioritized in injury prevention strategies.
Akid Ashrof, Ashrof Zainuddin, Nur Edlinna Sofia Kamarul Bahrin
Housing is a fundamental determinant of national welfare, serving as a primary indicator of a population's perceived standard of living. For homebuyers, overall satisfaction is a multifaceted construct influenced by critical variables such as price, location, amenities, construction quality, and project delivery timelines. This research evaluates occupant satisfaction within the Rumah Selangorku affordable housing initiative, focusing specifically on the Harmoni 1, Elmina Apartment in Bukit Raja, Selangor. Developed by Sime Darby Property, this 1,700-unit project was launched in 2015 and reached full occupancy by 2017. The primary objectives of this study were to identify prevalent issues within affordable housing, assess the level of homebuyer satisfaction across key determinants, and rank these factors based on occupant feedback. Data were gathered via a questionnaire survey administered to 313 residents of Harmoni 1. The collected primary data underwent quantitative analysis to measure and rank satisfaction levels regarding housing affordability criteria. The findings indicate that the identified determinants—specifically price, quality, location, facilities, and development timing—demonstrate high reliability as measures of occupant satisfaction. These results provide significant insights for developers and policymakers aiming to enhance the quality of future affordable housing projects in Malaysia.
Daniza Jean M. Adtoon, Deenah Joy V. Maloloy-on, Kerby P. Salise, Krissha Kate A. Diga, Thwillemae Joy M. Cuyos
This study examined the determinants influencing behavioral intention to adopt Paleng-QR Ph Plus among micro-entrepreneurs in General Santos City Public Market, Philippines, using an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). A descriptive-correlational, quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with 120 micro-entrepreneurs (market vendors and tricycle operators) selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a modified and structured 39-item, 4-point Likert scale questionnaire adapted from prior UTAUT studies. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to assess the measurement model (outer loadings, reliability, convergent validity) and the structural model. The measurement model demonstrated excellent reliability, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients exceeding 0.90 and all outer loadings above 0.70. The structural model revealed that Effort Expectancy (β = 0.30, p < 0.01), Perceived Trust (β = 0.25, p < 0.01), and Self-Efficacy (β = 0.21, p < 0.05) had significant positive effects on Behavioral Intention, collectively explaining 73% of the variance (R² = 0.73). Performance Expectancy (β = -0.04), Social Influence (β = 0.10), Perceived Risk (β = 0.04), and Perceived Cost (β = 0.13) were not significant predictors. Effort Expectancy, Perceived Trust, and Self-Efficacy are the primary drivers of digital payment adoption among public market micro-entrepreneurs, meaning that ease of use, security trust, and personal confidence matter more than perceived productivity gains, social pressure, risk concerns, or cost. Policymakers and the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas may prioritize simplified interfaces, confidence-building training, and trust communication campaigns to accelerate Paleng-QR Ph Plus adoption.
Amierah Ariesyah Arifuddin, Nor Syamaliah Ngah, Norazlin Abd Aziz, Nur Aina Nafiisah Mohd Hafizi
This study examines the determinants of social security awareness among gig workers, with specific focus on Grab drivers and riders in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Despite the rapid expansion of the gig economy, participation in formal social protection schemes such as the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) remains limited. Drawing on the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study investigates how accessibility to information, education and knowledge, and income stability influence awareness of social security protection. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, with data collected from 101 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings reveal that all three factors significantly influence SOCSO awareness, with accessibility to information emerging as the strongest predictor (β = 0.352), followed by income stability (β = 0.343) and education and knowledge (β = 0.302). The model explains a substantial proportion of variance (R² = 0.880), indicating strong explanatory power. The findings highlight the importance of platform-based information dissemination, financial stability, and targeted educational interventions in enhancing awareness among gig workers. This study contributes to the literature on gig economy and social protection by providing empirical evidence from a developing country context and offers policy recommendations to improve participation in social security schemes.
A.C. Imesha Kinkini, R.K.A.D.B.M. Ranaweera
The expansion of English-medium and bilingual education (BE) in postcolonial contexts has intensified debates regarding institutional capacity, equity, and implementation effectiveness, particularly in rural settings. Drawing on institutional theory, this study investigates the regulatory, normative, and cultural-cognitive determinants of the successful implementation of bilingual secondary education in the Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka. A quantitative survey design was employed to collect data from 200 teachers and school principals across five educational divisions. Using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis, the study tested nine hypotheses encompassing internal (school climate, leadership, curriculum, teacher-related factors, and access to resources) and external (student-related factors, parental involvement, sociocultural interests, and language policy) determinants. The findings indicate that both institutional-level and contextual variables significantly predict the successful implementation of bilingual education. Teacher-related factors and access to resources emerged as the strongest internal predictors, while parental involvement and sociocultural attitudes demonstrated substantial external influence. The results underscore the interdependence between school-level leadership structures and broader policy and community environments in shaping the sustainability of bilingual programs. By operationalizing institutional theory within a rural South Asian educational context, this study extends existing bilingual education research beyond Western immersion and CLIL models. The findings offer empirically grounded policy implications for equitable expansion of English-medium education in resource-constrained, multilingual societies.
Le Thi Ly, Shu-Hui Su, Tsung-Li Chi, Yaling Lin
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the factors such as company size, product/service diversity, ABC system training, and top management support on the implementation of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method within Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) companies in Vietnam. This study also examines the associations between the implementation of activity-based costing system and the outcome of business performance in both financial and non-financial aspects. The survey data was collected from foreign direct investment (FDI) firms in Vietnam. Logistic regression was utilized to test the relationship between various factors and the implementation of Activity-Based Costing (ABC). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the impact of these factors on the extent of ABC implementation. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to investigate the link between ABC implementation and business performance. The research findings indicated that factors such as company size, and product/service diversity, have a statistically significant effect on the implementation of ABC method. In addition, the study found that the product/service diversity, ABC system training and top management support significantly improved the level of ABC implementation. The results of this study supported implementing ABC method has a significant impact on both financial performance and non-financial performance. The implementation of ABC contributed to improving cost efficiency and net profit margins and enhanced operational quality and decision-making capabilities.
Aileen H. Abelgos, Catrisha Cassandra T. Tienzo, Jan Paulo P. Mendoza, Joseline M. Santos, Kristine R. Pascual, Ram Nicole B. Caguin
This study developed and evaluated a Project-Based Learning (PBL) Manual tailored for Grade 8 Industrial Arts teachers in selected Technical-Vocational and Trade High Schools under the Schools Division of Bulacan. Employing a descriptive-developmental design, the research systematically gathered quantitative data to ensure the manual’s validity and reliability. Grounded in Gold Standard PBL principles and aligned with the Department of Education’s Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS) guidelines. Findings revealed persistent challenges among teachers, including limited resources, constrained instructional time, and reliance on traditional pedagogical approaches. Expert evaluations by master teachers and Industrial Arts educators affirmed the manual’s high quality in terms of content, format, presentation, and accuracy. Teachers expressed strong acceptance of the manual, recognizing its relevance and potential to foster creativity, collaboration, and problem-solving skills. By bridging curriculum requirements with authentic, hands-on project tasks, the manual aims to enhance learners’ innovation competencies and prepare them for real-world applications. The study concludes that the developed manual is an effective instructional tool for advancing innovation and 21st-century skills in Industrial Arts education.
Akmal Ahamed Kamal, Muhd Hakim Aizat Bin Mat Jusoh, Raiha Shahanaz Redzuan, Siti Zuraida Maaruf, Siti Zurina Maaruf
This study examines the educational impact of the MULA: Malay Traditional Game Wau Module and the Wau Sobek Kit as interactive teaching and learning resources in secondary school Visual Art Education. The research aims to explore how these culturally grounded instructional tools enhance students’ understanding of the Malay traditional game Wau while fostering cultural appreciation and engagement. A qualitative research design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with two pre-service Visual Art Education teachers to investigate their experiences, perceptions, and pedagogical reflections regarding the implementation of the module and kit it also to evaluate their understanding of the Malay traditional game Wau and to gather qualitative insights into their teaching and learning experiences. The findings reveal that both pre-service teachers responded positively to the use of the MULA module and Wau Sobek Kit. Participants highlighted the effectiveness of these tools in promoting interactive learning, increasing cultural awareness, and enhancing students’ conceptual and practical understanding of traditional Malay games. The results further suggest that integrating culturally responsive teaching materials into art education can meaningfully support the preservation and transmission of traditional knowledge within contemporary educational contexts. Overall, this study underscores the pedagogical value of culturally embedded instructional modules in strengthening heritage education and enriching the teaching and learning process in Visual Art Education.
Buvaneswaren Nair Gunnasekaran, Imaan Hamzah, Noorhayati Noordin, Nur Fatin Abd Hamid, Siti Haryani Mat Yusoff, Vikneswary Tirumalaisamy
This conceptual paper proposes and validates a theoretical model explaining how Spiritual Intelligence (SI) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) mediate the relationships among Psychosocial Safety Climate (PSC), Job Demands and Resources (JD‑R), and employee health outcomes. Drawing on organizational psychology and occupational health literature, we argue that PSC serves as a foundational driver of psychologically safe work environments that shape employees’ perceptions of job demands and resources. High job demands are theorized to increase strain and adverse health outcomes, while job resources enhance engagement and well‑being. Importantly, SI and EI are conceptualized as key personal resources that influence how employees interpret, cope, and adapt to workplace stressors. SI contributes meaning, purpose, and resilience, whereas EI supports emotional regulation, social connectedness, and effective stress management. Our model posits that both SI and EI buffer the negative impacts of high job demands and low PSC on health outcomes, and strengthen the benefits of job resources. We outline hypotheses linking these constructs and propose empirical strategies for validation across diverse organizational contexts. The framework offers theoretical advancement by integrating cognitive, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of employee experience, and practical guidance for interventions aimed at improving well‑being through targeted development of SI and EI.
Israa Ismael
This study investigates the effectiveness of a gamified Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based instructional program in enhancing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing fluency among preparatory stage students in Egypt. Addressing a critical gap in EFL pedagogy, the study conceptualizes writing fluency as a multidimensional construct encompassing idea generation, organization, coherence, lexical access, and text continuity. A mixed-method, quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was employed with 60 intermediate-level students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received instruction through a structured, gamified AI-supported program integrating tools such as conversational agents, automated feedback systems, and immersive learning environments, while the control group followed traditional instructional practices. Quantitative data from writing fluency tests were analyzed using paired- and independent-samples t-tests, revealing statistically significant improvements in overall writing fluency and its sub-skills in favor of the experimental group, with large effect sizes (η² = 0.359). Qualitative analysis of students’ written productions and interaction logs further demonstrated substantial development in text smoothness, organization, and reflective writing, supported by AI-mediated scaffolding and sustained practice. The findings indicate that gamified AI tools, when pedagogically integrated, can effectively reduce cognitive load, enhance learner engagement, and promote continuous written production. The study contributes to the growing body of AI in language education by foregrounding writing fluency as a central outcome and offering a context-sensitive model for technology-enhanced EFL instruction in school settings. Implications for pedagogy, theory, and future research are discussed.
Azli Bin Ariffin, Haiyan Wu
In the digital transformation wave of global higher education, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an indispensable auxiliary tool for English language learning, especially for non-English major undergraduates in China who take college English as a compulsory public course. However, the current application of AI in English language learning is mostly limited to single-function tool use, lacking systematic activity-based design that conforms to the laws of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) acquisition and the actual learning needs of Chinese undergraduates. This study, as a preliminary research of Phase 1 in Chapter 4 of a doctoral thesis with the title Development of an Activity-Based AI Implementation Model for undergraduate English Language Learning in China, focuses on the perspective of English language learning, and aims to explore the current situation of AI application in undergraduates’ English learning, their attitudes and demands for activity-based AI-assisted learning, so as to lay an empirical foundation for the subsequent model design. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 387 non-English major undergraduates from 4 universities in eastern and central China, and descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the valid data. The results show that 89.4% of the respondents have used AI tools for English learning, mainly focusing on writing correction and oral pronunciation practice, but they are generally dissatisfied with the lack of systematic activity design of existing AI tools. Meanwhile, undergraduates have a positive attitude towards activity-based AI-assisted English learning, and put forward clear demands for personalized, scenario-based and interactive learning activities. This study enriches the empirical research on the integration of AI and activity-based learning in EFL, provides a reference for the construction of a targeted AI implementation model for Chinese undergraduate English language learning, and also offers practical implications for college English teaching reform under the background of educational digitalization. This paper strictly abides by the research progress, only reports the preliminary questionnaire results, and does not involve the model design and validation which will be carried out in the subsequent research stages.
Catherine F. Madjos, Christian M. Deadio, John Mark B. Lazaro, Renie Jane R. Cubijano
Students’ readiness for e-learning is essential for achieving outcomes in online education, as it directly influences how effectively learners engage in a virtual environment. This study aimed to determine the significant relationship between digital competence and students’ readiness for e-learning in the Local College of Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. The respondents of the study were 300 fourth-year students selected through simple random sampling. Two adapted survey questionnaires were used to measure digital competence in terms of command, privileging, appropriation, and reintegration, and students’ readiness for e-learning in terms of technology access, technology skills, study skills, time management, and motivation. This study utilized quantitative non-experimental research through a descriptive correlational design. Mean and Pearson r were employed as statistical tools in analyzing the data. The findings revealed that the level of both digital competence and students’ readiness for e-learning was high, indicating that both variables are oftentimes observed. Moreover, the results showed a very strong and significant relationship between digital competence and students’ readiness for e-learning. This implies that higher levels of digital competence are associated with higher levels of readiness for e-learning. Therefore, students with higher levels of digital competence tend to demonstrate greater readiness for e-learning, reflected in the ability to effectively use digital tools in online learning environments. This suggests that enhancing students’ digital skills can positively influence engagement, motivation, and success in e-learning.
Helaria B. Carmona, Jean May G. Willy, Jhoana Mae B. Ferniz, John Mark B. Lazaro, Lucel L. Aban
In the context of a rapidly evolving digital economy, the increasing use of electronic payment systems has become a significant factor shaping college students' financial behavior. The main purpose of conducting the study was to investigate the relationship between digital financial literacy and electronic wallets on the spending habits of college students. The research design employed in the study was a descriptive correlational design used in quantitative research. The survey questionnaires were modified and adapted into two sets, administered to 359 college students at a local higher education institution in Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. The statistical tools employed to establish the significant relationship between digital financial literacy and electronic wallets regarding the spending habits among college students were mean, Pearson r, and standard deviation. The findings demonstrated a very strong positive correlation between digital financial literacy and electronic wallets on the spending habits of college students, with an r-value of 0.921 and a p-value of less than 0.001. This result implies that the increased digital financial literacy determines the responsible and effective use of electronic wallets, which subsequently impacts the expenditure habits of students. Digital financial literacy helps college students make better financial choices, use money wisely, and avoid impulse spending in a cashless environment. Moreover, budgeting, expense tracking, and financial discipline are made easier with an electronic wallet and sufficient financial knowledge. This study demonstrates the need to enhance college students' digital financial literacy to support the development of healthy spending practices and financially responsible behavior in the digital economy.
Asiimwe Specioza, Ntalo Nasulu Hussein, Obinna Osigwe
Uganda occupies a peculiar crossroads in the contemporary digital moment. It carries one of Africa's most richly plural cultural inheritances — over 56 distinct ethnic communities, each with its own language, ceremonial life, and moral order — and simultaneously a country where, by 2023, nearly 47% of the population had accessed the internet (UCC, 2023), with youth constituting the overwhelming majority of active users. This paper is a narrative review of the scholarly and institutional literature examining what unfolds at that intersection, with particular attention to structural inequalities in global digital content distribution and the divergent experiences of rural and urban youth populations. Drawing on 42 peer-reviewed sources and grey literature reports published between 2010 and 2024, the study examines how digital influence shapes cultural identity among Ugandan youth aged 15 to 35. An original conceptual framework structures the analysis: Digital Influence is the independent variable, operationalized through Influencer Cultural Positioning, Content Relevance, Digital Participation, and Network Connectivity; Cultural Identity is the dependent variable, captured through Cultural Awareness, Cultural Pride, Cultural Consumption Patterns, and Community Influence; the relationship between these variables is mediated by Social Comparison and Digital Literacy; and it is moderated by Socioeconomic Status, Family Cultural Strength, Peer Group Orientation, and Platform Type — with platform-specific pathways through TikTok, Instagram, WhatsApp, and YouTube. Four major themes emerge. First, digital engagement produces cultural hybridization, though this process is distributed unequally along the urban-rural axis and cannot be celebrated without critical attention to the structural power imbalances that shape its terms. Second, platform-mediated exposure to English-dominant content is accelerating language shift with demonstrable long-term implications for indigenous language vitality, while emerging revitalization movements offer qualified grounds for optimism. Third, global digital content is reshaping social norms around gender, sexuality, and religious identity. Fourth, a meaningful counter-movement of digital cultural resistance is actively growing. The paper closes with five evidence-based recommendations that explicitly address rural inclusion, methodological transparency, and structural power in global digital media
Felicia Angereke, Luter Henry Songu, Yashim, Augustine Boniface
This study investigates the availability of digital reference resources in university libraries within Benue State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from all nine digital reference librarians across three universities via a structured questionnaire. Results indicated a 100% availability of a core set of fourteen digital reference resources, including CD-ROMs, e-journals, e-books, e-theses, internet infrastructure, databases, and essential hardware such as computers and scanners. The findings suggest a foundational level of digital resource provision exists within these libraries. However, availability does not equate to sufficiency, quality, or accessibility. The study concludes that while a basic digital infrastructure is present, significant challenges likely persist in terms of resource depth, currency, bandwidth, and user support. Recommendations focus on moving beyond basic provision to ensure sustainable, high-quality, and user-centric digital library services.
Dr. A. Meenakshi, Dr. M. Senthil
In the era of rapid technological advancement, marketing has undergone a profound transformation driven by digital innovation, changing consumer behavior, and evolving societal expectations. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of digital transformation and emerging trends in marketing, examining the influence of artificial intelligence, augmented reality, influencer marketing, sustainability initiatives, and data-driven decision-making. The study explores how these innovations enhance consumer engagement, strengthen brand loyalty, and create competitive advantages in a highly dynamic marketplace. By integrating insights from academic research and industry practices, this paper highlights the strategic implications of adopting contemporary marketing technologies and outlines future directions for organizations seeking sustainable growth through innovation.
Akpanuko, Essien E, Jackson, Dorcas Ubong, Martin, Macauley Chrysanthus
The paper examined how the digital transformation has impacted the performance of the deposit money banks in Nigeria between 2009H1 and 2024H2. The point-of-sale transactions (POS), web payment transactions (WPAY), and mobile payment transactions (MPAY) were used as proxies of digital transformation, and the performance was evaluated by the ratio of return on assets (ROA), personnel expenses to gross income (PEGI), and the ratio of return on equity (ROE). The research design adopted was ex-post facto research and the secondary time-series data employed was of bi-annual data that was sourced in the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Financial Stability Reports. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, augmented dickey fuller unit root tests, error correction modelling, ordinary least squares multiple regression, and post estimation Diagnostic tests were used. The findings showed that the statistically significant impact on ROA was jointly with digital transformation (R-squared = 0.3332; F-statistic = 4.6645; p = 0.0091) but POS, WPAY, and MPAY were not significantly significant at the 5 percent level. In the case of PEGI, the impact of digital transformation on personnel-cost efficiency had a significant and statistically significant influence (R-squared = 0.8770; F-statistic = 66.5747; p = 0.0000). In the case of ROE, the combined effect was only very weakly explanatory and statistically insignificant (R-squared = 0.0353; F-statistic = 0.3413; p = 0.7956). The long-run tests based on the residual revealed that the three models had stable long-term relationships and the error-correction terms were not only negative but also statistically significant, which indicated the adjustment of short-run disequilibrium into the long-run equilibrium. It was found that digital transformation is applicable to the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria, although its impact is greater on the asset profitability and personnel-cost efficiency than on the shareholder return in the period considered. The research suggested more robust digital infrastructure, web-payment optimization, enhanced security architecture, cost-discipline, and integrated channel management.
Do Duc Tho
This study examines the role of digital transformation in enhancing the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets, with a specific focus on Vietnam. Drawing on the Resource-Based View (RBV), the research explores how digital capabilities influence SMEs’ ability to access and compete in international markets. Using a conceptual and empirical approach supported by survey data from Vietnamese SMEs, the findings indicate that digital transformation significantly improves international performance by reducing transaction costs, increasing market access, and enhancing strategic flexibility. The study contributes to the literature by integrating digital transformation into SME internationalization frameworks and providing insights from an emerging economy context. Practical implications for managers and policymakers are discussed.
Dr LRK Krishnan, Sashreek Krishnan, Shreya Krishnan
The rapid digital transformation of the aviation industry is reshaping work practices, skill requirements, and employment relationships. This study examines the causal relationships among disruptive digital technologies, work practices, upskilling, productivity, job satisfaction, and employee turnover in the Indian aviation industry. The study employs a mixed-methods design integrating PLS-SEM with qualitative thematic analysis. Drawing on socio-technical systems theory, human capital theory, and job embeddedness theory, the study employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze survey data collected from 600 employees across airlines, airports, operations, maintenance, and overhaul (MRO) organizations. The results indicate that disruptive technologies significantly influence aviation work practices and employee outcomes. Technology-enabled work practices enhance upskilling, productivity, and job satisfaction, with job satisfaction emerging as the strongest predictor of employee turnover. The findings further reveal that the effects of work practices on turnover are largely indirect, mediated through upskilling and job satisfaction. By empirically linking digital transformation to workforce stability in a safety-critical and regulation-intensive sector, the study contributes to air transport management literature and offers practical insights for aviation managers and policymakers seeking to balance efficiency, safety, and employee retention.
Dr. Mukaila Abiola Tonade, Dr. Olabisi Bolarinwa Odewole, Olusegun Amos Oyebanjo
This study examined the effect of Digitalization on Cost Efficiency (CE) in the Ogun State public sector, Nigeria. Specifically, it evaluated the influence of key digital financial management systems, Government Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS), Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS), Treasury Single Account (TSA), and Digital Infrastructure (DI) on CE. Data were collected from 396 employees across nineteen (19) ministries using a structured five-point Likert scale questionnaire, out of which 389 responses were obtained for analysis. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4.0. The findings revealed that digitalization had a statistically significant effect on CE in Ogun State (p = 0.046 < 0.05). However, the model’s explanatory power is relatively low (R² = 0.169), indicating that digitalization accounted for only a limited proportion of the variation in CE and suggesting that other relevant factors not included in the model may also influence outcomes. DI exhibited a statistically significant and positive effect on CE (β = 0.275, p = 0000), indicating that infrastructure improvements contributed to enhanced CE. Conversely, GIFMIS (β = -0.405) and IPPIS (β = -0.301) exhibited negative, statistically insignificant effects. This may be attributed to implementation challenges such as inadequate technical capacity, poor system integration, resistance to change, and institutional inefficiencies, which limit their effectiveness despite their theoretical importance in public financial management. TSA (β = 0.460) demonstrated a positive but statistically insignificant relationship with CE, suggesting that its potential benefits may not yet be fully realized. The study concluded that digitalization significantly influenced CE. However, its impact varies across different digital systems and depends largely on implementation effectiveness and institutional context. It recommends strengthening user capacity, improving system integration, and enhancing governance frameworks to ensure effective utilization of digital systems. Additionally, policymakers should complement infrastructure investments with institutional reforms and performance monitoring mechanisms.
Ahmad Aftas Azman, Mohd Fauzi Derani, Panneer Selvem Indiran
University-level athletic events frequently depend on fragmented manual administrative procedures, resulting in inefficiencies, data errors, and operational delays. This article highlights the design, development, and usability assessment of the Varsity Combat Sport (VCS) 2025 System, a comprehensive web-based digital platform created to oversee Malaysia’s first national varsity combat sport tournament. The Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (KPT), in conjunction with MASUM, MSP, MASISWA, and MASKOM, orchestrated VCS 2025, which had 838 athletes from 46 contingents around Malaysia, participating in disciplines including as silat, taekwondo, and karate. The system replaced traditional paper-based methods with a centralized digital solution that includes registration, medical documentation, accreditation, scheduling, real-time results, medal tally calculation, reporting, and multimedia preservation. The platform, built on WordPress as the primary content management system and connected with the proprietary M Taekwondo Form System, automates athlete registration, division mapping, and data processing. A usability assessment was performed experimentally, including five dimensions: ease of use, interface and design quality, functionality, learnability, and user satisfaction. Results include elevated overall usability, increased administrative efficiency, less human mistake, and augmented transparency. The research illustrates the feasibility of scalable digital transformation in the organization of university sporting events.
A.C. Imesha Kinkini, P. R. C. Purnima Karunathilaka
This study examines the evolving diplomatic, educational, and cultural relationships between Japan and Sri Lanka through a multidimensional analytical framework. While existing scholarship has primarily focused on economic cooperation and development assistance, it has given limited attention to the interrelated roles of education and culture in shaping bilateral relations. To address this gap, the study adopts a qualitative desk-based research design, drawing on secondary sources including scholarly literature, policy documents, and institutional reports. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis to identify key patterns across diplomatic, educational, and cultural domains. The findings reveal that educational cooperation, particularly through scholarship programs and academic exchanges, function as a strategic mechanism of influence by facilitating knowledge transfer and long-term institutional linkages. Cultural interactions, including language learning and media engagement, contribute to mutual understanding and enhance people-to-people connectivity. These dimensions collectively reinforce diplomatic relations by fostering trust, shared values, and sustained collaboration. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the post-2022 economic crisis in Sri Lanka has intensified the role of education as a pathway to labour mobility, particularly in relation to Japan’s structured migration opportunities. Interpreted through the lens of Joseph Nye’s Soft Power theory, the findings highlight how culture generates attraction, education transmits values, and diplomacy institutionalizes these effects within a coherent framework of influence. The study contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive and theoretically grounded understanding of Japan–Sri Lanka relations, emphasizing the importance of non-economic dimensions in sustaining long-term international partnerships.
Kristelle Anne Jhoyce B. Respicio
This research study aimed to determine the level of awareness and preparedness among the students at Saint Mary's University. The study used a quantitative-descriptive research method. Four hundred (400) respondents were involved in the study: 100 students from each of the 4 schools, divided according to the enrollment in each course offered at those schools. A validated, reliability-tested questionnaire was used to collect the data for this study. The survey questionnaire gathered data regarding the (1) level of awareness of Marian students in terms of three disasters: earthquake, fire incident, and typhoon. (2) The perceived level of disaster preparedness of the students, and lastly, (3) the preferred manner/s in which they want to receive disaster information. A point system was used to determine whether students were highly aware, moderately aware, slightly aware, or not aware during an earthquake, fire, or typhoon. The same system is applied to students' perceived level of disaster preparedness and the manner(s) in which they want to receive disaster information. Based on the results, the students are highly aware of earthquakes, fire incidents, and typhoons, but are only moderately prepared for disasters. Most have received and attended disaster preparedness training and drills through the NSTP program and other learning areas; however, a few were not taught, nor are they sure they can perform what they have learned during a disaster. Most of our respondents also did not discuss an emergency plan in their family and have not assembled a "Disaster Supply Kit". Regarding preferred methods for receiving disaster information, nearly all respondents preferred technological means, such as TV and radio. Only a handful prefer to receive information through newspapers and notification services.
Angelica Rassamie G. Hipolito, Aurora E. Perillo, Esther G. Domingo, Joel B. Faustino, Joseline M. Santos, Kim Yasmien M. Serafines, Lloyd Andrei A. Eustaquio, Ryan Carlo S. Panganiban
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a digital game for teaching disaster preparedness in kindergarten. Using a mixed-method exploratory sequential design through descriptive developmental interviews with disaster risk reduction management personnel and kindergarten teachers informed the game’s design, while standardized quantitative survey evaluated the educational quality, acceptability, and usability using the Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS) Evaluating Rating Sheet for Non-Print Materials, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and System Usability Scale (SUS). Results revealed that typhoons is most experienced disaster in the province, while teachers emphasized integrating disaster concepts through engaging and age-appropriated method. Evaluation showed a consistently high mean across all factors. A mean score of 3.87 in LRMDS Evaluating Rating sheet reflects that the digital game meet the educational standard of Department of Education. A mean score of 3.88 in TAM indicate that teachers accept the digital game as an instructional material, while the 94.9 SUS score indicates that the digital game has an exceptional usability in classroom settings. These findings highlight the importance of integration of disaster preparedness in kindergarten curriculum using an age-appropriate, localized, and interactive instructional material.
Amelie L. Chico, Blescel D. Antong, Giovanni N. May, Lady Lyn Q. Alcazarin
This study aimed to determine the relationship between disaster risk reduction and risk management in DepEd DRRMS Panabo City. The study used a quantitative, descriptive-correlational research design in assessing the variables and utilized the mean and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient to measure the variables. Information was gathered from the chosen respondents through a survey questionnaire with a total of 54 School Disaster Coordinators under DepEd Panabo City. Results showed that the level of disaster risk reduction in DepEd DRRMS Panabo City is very high, with an overall mean of 4.30. This implied that the respondents strongly agree that all aspects of mitigation and prevention, as well as emergency preparedness activities, are prioritized and well implemented. The results of risk management in DepEd-DRRMS with an overall mean of 4.16, which indicates that disaster risk management is generally efficient and well implemented. Moreover, the study revealed a strong positive relationship between disaster risk reduction and risk management in DepEd DRRMS Panabo City, with a correlation coefficient of 0.861. The findings confirmed that improved disaster preparedness leads to better disaster risk management in schools. The researchers recommend building on these programs, training, and activities to make them more effective and able to assist with school safety and preparedness in an ongoing and comprehensive way.
Abdul Ghani bin Md Din, Ebrahim Mohammad Ahmad Eldesoky, Mohd Azizul Rahman bin Zabidin
This study examines discourse markers as a core component of stylistic competence in Arabic L2 writing from a functional perspective. It addresses a persistent gap in which learners demonstrate grammatical accuracy but produce texts lacking coherence and rhetorical organisation. Adopting a qualitative conceptual-analytical approach, the study synthesises insights from Arabic rhetorical tradition and functional linguistics to model discourse markers as a system of cohesive devices that regulate inter-sentential relations. The analysis shows that weaknesses in learner writing are primarily discourse-functional, reflected in fragmented structure, under-specified semantic relations, over-reliance on a limited set of markers, and first language transfer. The study further establishes a functional classification of discourse markers into major categories, demonstrating that they operate as an integrated system governing textual organisation, with inferential, causal, and adversative markers carrying greater functional load in academic discourse. The findings position discourse markers as central to coherence and argument development, and argue for a shift toward discourse-oriented pedagogy that emphasises their contextual and functional deployment.
Allysa R. Capuyan, Anna Marie B. Dinolan, Charito M. Escuzar, Francis Rose H. Calaranan
This study assessed the level of the Dispute Resolution System and Community Institutional Trust among residents in Barangay San Jose, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed to determine the relationship between the two variables. The respondents of this study were the 351 residents of Barangay San Jose, selected through a random sampling technique. Two sets of adapted questionnaires were used to obtain information from the respondents regarding local governance and mediation processes. The findings revealed that the overall level of the Dispute Resolution System in terms of disposition of cases, timeliness, communication, and documentation, and resolution of the case was high. The results indicated that the dispute resolution system effectively utilizes its procedural mandate to manage local conflicts. Similarly, the investigation found that the level of Community Institutional Trust in terms of settlement of filed cases, satisfaction of clients involved, and referral of cases was also high. This suggests that residents demonstrate confidence in the fairness and integrity of their local mediators. Furthermore, the results showed that communication and documentation received the highest mean within the dispute resolution system, while timeliness received the relatively lowest mean. In terms of institutional trust, the settlement of filed cases garnered the highest mean, while referral of cases was the lowest. A significant relationship was found between the effectiveness of the dispute resolution system and the level of community institutional trust. Crucially, the study found a significant difference in perceptions of both dispute resolution and institutional trust when respondents were grouped by age and length of stay, whereas gender showed no significant difference. Therefore, it is hoped that this study provides valuable insights for the Barangay Local Government Unit (BLGU) to optimize its mediation strategies through targeted legal literacy and inclusive governance, ultimately fostering long-term social cohesion and peace within the community.
Prof. Karunakar Ram Tripathi, Subash Chandra
Institutional finance plays a crucial role in the development of the agricultural sector by ensuring timely access to formal credit for farmers. In India, Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) constitute the grassroots institutions of the cooperative credit structure and act as a key source of short-term and medium-term agricultural finance, particularly for small and marginal farmers. This study examines the inter-district variation in the number of (PACS) per lakh of rural population across selected districts of Uttar Pradesh over the period 2000–01 to 2023–24. Using secondary data, the analysis focuses on temporal changes, regional disparities, and consistency in the distribution of (PACS). The findings reveal a gradual decline in the average number of (PACS) during the period of study., indicating a marginal contraction in institutional outreach relative to rural population. However, the declining trend in standard deviation and coefficient of variation during the same period indicates an improvement in regional uniformity over time. District-level analysis shows that Deoria consistently ranks among the top-performing districts in recent years, followed by Pratapgarh and Azamgarh, reflecting relatively better access to cooperative credit institutions. In contrast, Balrampur and Bahraich persistently appear among the bottom-ranked districts, indicating weaker penetration of (PACS). Further results highlight structural shifts, where traditionally high-performing districts like Gonda and Bahraich witnessed declines, while districts such as Amethi improved their rankings in later years. Overall, the study concludes that although disparities across districts have reduced, the declining average points to a need for policy intervention to strengthen the PACS network and enhance financial inclusion in rural areas.
Dennis Mabeya Mamboleo, Nyantika Daniel, Onsomu Duke
Urbanization is rapidly transforming emerging secondary towns across Sub-Saharan Africa, yet the drivers of this growth and their implications for urban planning remain insufficiently understood, particularly at the local scale. This study examines the drivers of rapid urbanization and their planning implications in Nyamira County, Kenya. A mixed-methods approach was employed, drawing on data from 479 respondents, including urban residents, business operators, landlords, and planning officials. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative insights were interpreted thematically to capture underlying dynamics. The findings indicate that urbanization is driven by a combination of economic opportunities (63.0%), access to social services (53.4%), population growth (50.9%), and transport and connectivity (41.3%), which operate as an interconnected and self-reinforcing system. These drivers collectively shape spatial expansion, housing demand, and infrastructure pressure, leading to planning challenges such as informal settlements, service deficits, and environmental degradation. The study demonstrates that urbanization in secondary towns is not a linear process but a system-driven phenomenon influenced by the interaction of multiple socio-economic and spatial factors. By integrating Agglomeration Theory, Urban Systems Theory, and the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, the study advances a systems-based understanding of urban growth and establishes a direct linkage between urbanization drivers and planning outcomes. The findings highlight the need for anticipatory, integrated, and data-driven planning approaches to support sustainable urban development in emerging secondary towns.
Faizah Mohd Fakhruddin, Fathiyah Mohd Fakhruddin, Nur Arifah Sofiya Abdul Manaf, Rohaiza Abd. Rokis
Wage underpayment, where employers fail to pay workers their legally required wages, is a widespread problem affecting millions of workers globally and has crucial consequences for inequality and economic development. This study explores the factors contributing to underpayment experienced by employees at 'K' Mart in Johor, Malaysia. Data were collected using a qualitative approach, specifically a case study design, through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with five female employees in the food and beverage sector, providing comprehensive insights into their lived experiences of the issue under study. The findings show that underpayment was primarily caused by three factors, i.e., social and organizational factors, economic factors, and psychological factors. Social and organizational factors encompass four sub-themes, including gender wage gap, age-related biases, non-compliance with minimum wage policy, and wage theft. Additionally, economic factors comprise two key sub-themes, i.e., unpaid overtime and economic recessions and business conditions. Finally, psychological factors include two critical sub-themes, i.e., low self-confidence in salary negotiations and fear of being negatively labeled. The findings highlight the multifaceted nature of underpayment, revealing systemic issues related to weak enforcement mechanisms, employer exploitation, and worker vulnerability. This study offers practical recommendations for organizations to adopt transparent compensation strategies and proactive policies and contributes to the broader understanding of wage inequity's implications for employee well-being, organizational effectiveness, and labor market fairness in Malaysia.
Abang Zainoren Bin Abang Abdurahman, Azlina Bujang, Daymar Latok anak Daya, Sitti Hawa Sheikh Mohammad
The Rapid Digital Transformation Of The Global Tourism Industry Has Positioned Digital Entrepreneurship Defined As The Strategic Deployment Of Digital Technologies To Generate Value As A Key Driver Of Organizational Innovation And Competitiveness (Nambisan Et Al., 2023). However, The Relationship Between Digital Entrepreneurship And Sustained Innovation Remains Underexamined, Especially In Regional Tourism Contexts Where Businesses Face Resource Constraints And Rapidly Evolving Technologies (Zhao & Lucas, 2024). Innovation Sustainability Which Involves An Organization’s Capacity To Consistently Develop, Implement And Refine Innovations Across Products, Services, Processes And Business Models (Chen & Kumar, 2025) Integrates Human Expertise And Technological Assets To Enable Ongoing Innovation (Rodriguez Et Al., 2024). In Tourism, Such Continuity Is Crucial For Adapting To Environmental Shifts, Enhancing Competitiveness, And Ensuring Long-Term Resilience (Harsono Et Al., 2024). Kuching, Sarawak Offers A Relevant Case As The Sarawak Digital Economy Blueprint 2030 (Sarawak Multimedia Authority, 2020) Encourages Tourism Businesses To Embrace Digital Entrepreneurship For Sustainable Innovation. While Digital Technologies Can Lower Operational Costs And Improve Customer Engagement (Nambisan Et Al., 2019), Persistent Challenges Such As Limited Infrastructure And Uneven Digital Adoption Continue To Impede Progress (Fuerst Et Al., 2023)
Roger Ayimbillah Atinga, Yao Belinda Yeboah
This systematic literature review assesses the role of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in improving healthcare service delivery efficiency in Ghana. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science was conducted, yielding 24 empirical studies published between 2008 and 2026. Thematic analysis identified eleven interrelated themes, including perceived benefits, implementation barriers, user acceptance, training, infrastructure constraints, data security, policy support, interoperability, change management, financial sustainability, and patient engagement. Findings indicate that EHR systems positively impact healthcare efficiency by reducing patient waiting times, improving workflow processes, enhancing data accuracy, and supporting timely clinical decisions. However, these benefits are unevenly realised due to persistent challenges such as unreliable electricity, poor internet connectivity, inadequate technical support, limited staff digital literacy, and weak interoperability. Organisational factors, including leadership commitment, continuous training, and sustainable funding, critically determine adoption and long-term system performance. The study concludes that while EHRs are essential tools for modernising healthcare delivery, their effectiveness in Ghana depends on coordinated investments in infrastructure, capacity building, governance, and context-sensitive implementation strategies. Recommendations include a national digital health policy, enforced interoperability standards, sustained facility-level funding, and embedded digital health training for all healthcare workers. This review provides evidence-based insights to guide policy decisions and improve EHR implementation outcomes in low-resource settings.
Maly Ratanak
This study examines the relationship between economic growth, trade imbalances, and external adjustment in Cambodia using annual time-series data from 2000 to 2024. Cambodia has achieved strong economic growth over the past two decades, supported by export-oriented manufacturing, foreign direct investment, tourism, construction, and increasing integration into regional and global markets. However, despite this growth performance, the country has continued to experience persistent current account deficits and external sector vulnerabilities, reflecting dependence on imported capital goods, intermediate inputs, consumer products, and foreign financing. The objective of this study is to identify the long-run and short-run effects of GDP growth, inflation, gross domestic savings, trade openness, and foreign direct investment on Cambodia's current account balance. To achieve this objective, the study applies the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, which is appropriate because the unit root results show that the variables are integrated at mixed orders, I(0) and I(1). A COVID 19 crisis dummy is included to account for the extreme structural break in the current account in 2020–2021. The empirical findings show that, after controlling for the pandemic shock, GDP growth does not have a statistically significant long-run effect on the current account balance, suggesting that sustained economic expansion alone is insufficient to guarantee external improvement without accompanying structural changes. Inflation has a statistically significant negative long-run effect, indicating that higher domestic prices reduce export competitiveness and worsen the current account balance. In the short run, GDP growth has a negative and statistically significant effect on the current account balance, implying that rapid economic expansion initially increases import demand before export capacity adjusts. Gross domestic savings also has a negative short-run effect, while inflation shows a positive short-run effect. The error correction coefficient is negative and statistically significant, indicating that approximately 76.4% of disequilibrium is corrected within one year. Diagnostic tests show that the revised model is free from heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and severe multicollinearity, and the residuals are normally distributed. Overall, the study concludes that Cambodia's external adjustment depends not only on maintaining economic growth but, more critically, on improving export diversification, controlling inflation, attracting productive FDI, strengthening domestic value chains, and reducing import dependence.
Gladys S. Escarlos, Julius B. Dela Cruz
Inclusive lifelong learning is widely recognized as a global priority, yet many education systems struggle to translate policy into practice. Policies often emphasize equity and access, but gaps remain in implementation, especially for marginalized groups (Lingayon, 2025). The review identifies that while governments adopt inclusive frameworks, schools and institutions face challenges in adapting them. This disconnect between policy and practice creates barriers for learners with disabilities, adults returning to education, and disadvantaged communities. The problem lies in the inconsistency of policy enforcement and the lack of monitoring mechanisms. Without strong accountability, inclusive lifelong learning remains more of an aspiration than a reality.
James Olugbenga ADISA, Mary Oluyinka OLOJEDE, Tolulope Olukunle OGUNSOLA, Wasiu Adedamola RASAKI
Backyard gardening provides an opportunity for urban households to supplement their food supply, reduce household food expenses, and improve nutrition. This study examined the effect of backyard gardening on the food security status of urban households in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 180 household heads from three urban Local Government Areas in Ibadan Metropolis. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that 71.7% of respondents engaged in backyard gardening, with most cultivating small plots of land between 20–30m2. Results showed that 69.4% of sampled households were food secure, while households involved in backyard gardening recorded significantly higher food security levels than those not engaged in the practice. Logistic regression analysis indicated that backyard gardening had a positive and statistically significant effect on household food security status (β = 8.9020; p < 0.01). Other significant determinants of food security included land size, income, education level, and primary occupation, while age and household size negatively influenced food security. Major constraints faced by urban households in backyard gardening included lack of tools, pest and disease infestation, inadequate farming knowledge among others. The study concludes that backyard gardening significantly improves urban household food security and serves as an effective strategy for enhancing food availability and accessibility in urban areas. The study recommends the promotion of backyard gardening through government support, extension services, awareness campaigns, and provision of subsidized gardening inputs and tools to urban households.
Ismail Auwal Muhammad, Kutus, Martins Oloruntoba
This study investigated the effect of forensic accounting techniques on transparency (A study of Plateau State Internal Revenue Service). A survey design was adopted for the study. The service has a total population of 376 staff. The population constitutes of Accountants, Tax Officers, Auditors and Legal staff involved in forensic accounting activities and transparency. Using Taro Yamane, the sample size was determined to be 194. The study employed primary data. Data was analyzed using the multiple linear regression analysis with the help of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS 26). Findings revealed that ratio analysis technique has a statistically significant negative effect on transparency in Plateau State Internal Revenue Service. It also revealed that reviewing financial statement technique has positive and no significant effect on transparency in Plateau State Internal Revenue Service. It was recommended that Plateau State Internal Revenue Service (PSIRS) should routinely apply ratio analysis in audits and internal reviews due to detect manipulation, underreporting, and financial misstatement early, improving overall transparency in revenue reporting. It was also recommended that Plateau State Internal Revenue Service (PSIRS) should educate staff members on the importance of forensic accounting techniques and should invest in regular training programs on digital forensics, fraud detection tools, and investigative accounting methods.
Mohammed Obierotenyo Swaleh
This paper examines the effect of non custodial sentencing on recidivism rates at Kibera Probation Station, Nairobi City County, Kenya. Despite a growing shift toward community based sanctions, recidivism remains high nationally. A descriptive mixed methods design was used, drawing quantitative and qualitative data from 148 respondents (offenders, probation officers, and judicial officers) selected by stratified random sampling from a population of 238. Findings reveal that unemployment, drug abuse, stigma, and limited supervision resources remain central to re offending. By adding a longitudinal lens, this revised analysis estimates that without structured post sentence follow up, approximately 42 percent of probationers relapse within 12–24 months. Comparative review with custodial offenders from Nairobi West Prison indicates that those completing non custodial terms were 27 percent less likely to re offend when supported through reintegration programs. The study concludes that non custodial sentencing yields social and economic returns but only when embedded in a strategic, community driven correctional framework.
Asongo Amos, Aondohemba, Buluku Aondongu, Emaikwu Sunday, Oche
This study examined the influence of time of day and test duration on students’ academic performance in Mathematics. The study was motivated by the persistent poor performance of students in Mathematics and the need to identify instructional and assessment factors that may enhance learning outcomes. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised secondary school students, from which a representative sample was selected using appropriate sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured Mathematics achievement test administered at different times of the day and under varying test durations. The data collected were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools, including mean and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics to test the formulated hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that duration of tests significantly influence students’ interest in Mathematics. Test time of the day (morning and afternoon) does not significantly influence students’ achievement scores. The study concludes that while the time of day (morning or afternoon) does not significantly affect students’ achievement in Mathematics, test duration has a significant influence on their interest in the subject. This suggests that students tend to perform consistently regardless of when a test is administered, but the length of the test can impact their level of engagement and motivation. Therefore, greater attention should be given to designing appropriate test durations to enhance students’ interest and overall learning experience in Mathematics
Dr Basake Julius Alochere, Ssejjemba Richard Jjemba
This study examined the effectiveness of anti-corruption strategies in restoring public trust in government institutions in Uganda. Specifically, it analyzed the anti-corruption strategies implemented, assessed their effectiveness in reducing corruption, and examined their influence on public trust. A mixed-methods approach based on a cross-sectional research design was adopted. Data were collected from a sample of 278 respondents drawn from public officials and citizens, using structured questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that although anti-corruption strategies such as legal frameworks, transparency initiatives, whistleblowing mechanisms, and institutional oversight structures were in place, their effectiveness was uneven. Transparency initiatives showed relatively positive outcomes, while enforcement of laws, institutional independence, and reporting mechanisms were perceived as less effective. Corruption was found to persist, particularly in procurement and administrative processes, while public trust in government institutions remained low. The study concluded that the existence of anti-corruption strategies alone was insufficient to restore public trust without consistent enforcement, institutional autonomy, and visible accountability. It recommended strengthening enforcement mechanisms, enhancing institutional independence, improving public awareness and reporting systems, and linking anti-corruption efforts to improved service delivery to rebuild public confidence.
Dorji Wangchuk, Kinga Dorji, Nima Tshering, Sherab Tenzin, Sonam Choden
This study investigated the effectiveness of the cooperative learning method in improving the academic performance of Class X students and developing competencies that can be applied across different subjects and real-life situations at Orong Central School. A mixed-method approach was used in the study. The quantitative component involved analysing students’ academic achievement before and after the implementation of cooperative learning. Data were collected from 50 Class X students and three teachers. Students’ academic results from the second term of 2024 (before the use of cooperative learning) were obtained from school records and compared with their results from the first term of 2023 after the implementation of cooperative learning. The qualitative component included students’ and teachers’ perceptions of cooperative learning gathered through questionnaires and teacher interviews. The findings revealed that students showed strong interest in collaborating with peers and were actively engaged in the teaching–learning process, rather than relying solely on the teacher. Students reported increased confidence in sharing ideas, presenting group findings, and supporting one another during discussions. Cooperative learning also encouraged students to recognise diverse perspectives, thereby enhancing their critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving abilities. The study concluded that cooperative learning promotes active participation, effective communication, and collaborative problem-solving among students. It is therefore recommended that cooperative learning strategies be integrated into classroom instruction to enhance students’ academic achievement and develop essential life skills.
Jericho Y. Baybayan, Twinkle Gem M. Abelarde
This study investigated the effectiveness of three teaching strategies namely Differentiated Instruction, Direct Instruction, and Collaborative Learning on the academic performance of junior high school students in a Mathematics Intervention Program in a private school in Central Mindanao, Philippines. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design was employed involving 117 Grade 10 students, each assigned to one of the three strategies over one school quarter or six weeks. Academic performance was measured using a validated researcher-made mathematics test administered as both pretest and posttest. Descriptive statistics and paired samples t-tests were used to examine changes in mean scores within each group, while a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared academic gains across the three strategies to determine which produced the greatest improvement. Findings showed statistically significant gains for all strategies, with performance improving from Fairly Satisfactory to Satisfactory levels (p < 0.05). Differentiated Instruction yielded the largest mean gain, followed by Direct Instruction, with Collaborative Learning also producing positive, though comparatively smaller, gains. Anchored in Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory, the study underscores the importance of responsive pedagogy in interventions and recommends prioritizing differentiated and direct instruction while incorporating collaborative activities to deepen understanding and engagement.
Masud Alam, Md. Redwanur Rahman, Md. Sekender Ali, Md. Wali Ahad Setu, Mohammad Zakir Hasnat, Mst. Fatema Ishrat Jahan
This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of 'Khetkhamar (agricultural)' program of the community radio ‘Lokobetar’ for disseminating farm information, explore the contribution of the selected characteristics of the listener farmers to their perceived effectiveness of Lokobetar; and determine the severity of problems faced by them in getting agricultural information through Lokobetar. Data were collected from randomly selected 110 listener farmers of this radio from ‘Sadar’ upazila of Barguna district. The majority (60.9%) of the listener farmers perceived moderate effectiveness, and the remaining 39.1% perceived high effectiveness. Again, the majority (62.5%) of the Agricultural Advisory Service Providers perceived moderate effectiveness, and rest 37.5% of them perceived high effectiveness of this agricultural radio program for disseminating farm information. Among the dimensions of effectiveness items, ‘timeliness of information’ ranked 1st followed by ‘adequacy of information’, ‘reliability of information’, and ‘usability of information’. ‘Time spent in farming’, ‘attitude towards Lokobetar, and ‘education’ of the Lokobetar listening farmers had a positive contribution to their perceived effectiveness of Lokobetar for disseminating farm information. ‘Lack of radio for listening’ ranked 1st problem, followed by ‘weakness of network/signal’, ‘limited time for broadcasting’, ‘lack of feedback facility after listening’, ‘lack of suitability of broadcasting time’, ‘lack of usability of information’, ‘lack of reliability of information’, ‘inadequacy of information’, and ‘obscurity of voice’. Based on these findings, it may be said that agricultural programs containing usable, dependable, and detailed information on innovations should be broadcast at a suitable time. Supplying radios to the listener farmers’ club, strengthening the network/signal capacity, increasing broadcasting time, and providing a feedback facility with the farmers can increase the effectiveness of the program for disseminating farm information.
Cathrine L. Tomas, Marizel T. Ramirez
Education in the 21st century has been shaped by rapid technological changes that influenced how teaching and learning take place. One of the most important developments in this area was the use of multimedia, which combines text, images, audio, video, and interactive elements to support learning. Multimedia helped learners understand lessons more clearly because information was presented in different forms. Its use also supported the goals of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which focused on providing inclusive and quality education for all. Organizations such as UNESCO (2024) and UNICEF (2024) emphasized that digital tools, including multimedia, played an important role in improving learning experiences and addressing the needs of diverse learners, especially in developing countries. These points showed that multimedia was not only a teaching strategy but also an important tool in improving education systems worldwide.
Prof. Dr. K. Tamizharasi, Prof. R. Manimozhi
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder that causes dyspnea, reduced lung capacity, and poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured respiratory guidance programme on respiratory status and HRQOL among patients with COPD in selected private hospitals at Coimbatore. A total of 30 patients with Stage I and Stage II COPD were selected by purposive sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups, with 15 participants in each group. The experimental group received a structured respiratory guidance programme consisting of airway clearance, pursed-lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, incentive spirometry training, breathing exercise-based movement training, and balloon-blowing exercises, while the control group received routine care and standard incentive spirometry. Dyspnea severity, lung capacity, and HRQOL were assessed before and after the intervention using the Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale, incentive spirometry performance, and the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire–COPD version. The findings showed that both groups were comparable at baseline, with no significant differences in demographic or outcome variables. After the intervention, the experimental group demonstrated a significant reduction in dyspnea, improvement in lung capacity, and better HRQOL compared with the control group. Within-group analysis also showed significant improvement in all three outcome measures in the experimental group, while the control group showed no meaningful change. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive relationship between improvement in respiratory status and HRQOL in the experimental group. The pilot study concludes that respiratory guidance is an effective non-pharmacological nursing intervention for improving dyspnea, lung capacity, and HRQOL in patients with COPD. The findings support the inclusion of structured respiratory guidance in routine nursing care and pulmonary rehabilitation programmes.
Sylvia Rahman, T. N. Sonia Azad
This cross-sectional study examined the availability, utilization, and effectiveness of work–life balance (WLB) initiatives among 21 working women in Bangladesh and their impact on job satisfaction and burnout. Results show high availability of flexible hours and parental leave, but very low availability of remote/hybrid work options. Utilization of at least one WLB initiative in the past 12 months was reported by 57% of respondents. Women who used WLB initiatives reported significantly higher job satisfaction (p < .05) and lower emotional exhaustion and perceived burnout. Perceived organizational support and family support emerged as significant moderators. Qualitative responses highlighted flexible working hours, maternity leave, and supportive supervisors as the most valued initiatives, while calls for better salary, on-site childcare, and adjustable hours were frequent. The findings underline the importance of context-specific WLB policies for working women in a developing-country setting.
Haniyah S. Lazim
In today’s rapidly evolving educational landscape, fostering active student engagement and improving academic performance remain critical priorities, particularly in the sciences. Earth and Life Science, a core subject in the grade 11 curriculum, presents complex concepts that often challenge learners’ understanding when taught solely through traditional, lecture-based instruction. When students are encouraged to connect classroom lessons with practical experiments, they develop a richer appreciation for science and its real-world applications. Introducing hands-on laboratory not only makes the learning environment more dynamic and interactive but also helps students gain a firmer grasp of topics in earth and life sciences. This engaging approach can boost their confidence, spark curiosity, and ultimately lead to improved academic performance.
Iris April L. Ramirez, Shella Khrystyn B. Angga
In recent years, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching approaches, offering innovative ways to enhance learners’ learning. Among these, video-based learning has emerged as an effective instructional tool that supports learners’ understanding of complex concepts and promotes active engagement in science education, particularly in topics such as chemical bonding. Learners often encounter difficulties due to the abstract nature of the content. This highlights the need for instructional strategies that can simplify concepts while maintaining the learner’s interest Leaners often prefer multimedia instruction that reflects the technologies they use outside school (Jukes & Schaaf, 2019). Chemical bonding, for instance, is inherently abstract, making it difficult for many learners to grasp (Widarti et.al., 2024). The use of visual tools such as videos, images, and simulations can help learners better visualize atomic and molecular processes ( Asedillas & Quimbo,2019). Studies have shown a well-designed video tutorials can enhance learners’ engagement and academic performance by addressing diverse learning needs (Whitney & Dallas, 2019; lopes, 2023). These materials provide a visually engaging and flexible learning environment, allowing learners to process information more effectively. The effectiveness of video-based learning is supported by established theories. Paivio’s Dual Coding Theory (1971) explains that learners process information through both verbal and visual channels, improving comprehension and retention when both are used. This supports the use of video tutorials as a meaningful instructional tool, In the Philippines context, the importance of educational technology became more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, when learners faced limited teacher interaction, unstable internet access, and challenges in in independent learning (Tria,2020). In response, the Department of Education (DepEd) emphasized the use of digital learning tools, including teacher-developed video tutorials, to support continuity of learning. Video tutorials also promote independent learning by allowing learners to control the pace of instruction through pausing, replaying, and reviewing content (Brame,2016). This particularly beneficial for learners who need additional time to understand lessons, including non-native English speakers ( Mecida et.al.,2016). Moreover, learner interest plays a crucial role in effective learning. Learners are more likely to engage in subjects they find relevant and interesting (Lai et.al.,2016). Video tutorials can enhance motivation by presenting lessons in an interactive and visually appealing manner, making learning more meaningful and engaging (Breslyn & Green,2022; Mecida et.al., 2023). Beyond academic performance, learners' interest is crucial to effective learning. Studies indicate that learners are more likely to engage in subjects they find interesting and relevant (Lai et al., 2016). Besides academic performance, student interest is key to effective learning, as research shows that students are more engaged in subjects that they find interesting and relevant. Video tutorials can boost motivation and interest by making lessons more interactive and visually appealing. Moreover, video tutorials have been found to significantly increase learners’ interest and motivation. When lessons are presented in a visually engaging and interactive format, learners are more likely to participate actively and develop a positive attitude toward the subject (Lai et.al., 2016). Research also highlights that technology bn-based instructional materials can make learning more enjoyable, accessible, and meaningful, thereby improving both engagement and academic outcomes (Breslyn & Green, 2022; Mecida et al., 2023). Despite the advantages of the use of videos, it must be noted that the effectiveness of video tutorials depends on their design, usability, and relevance to learners’ needs (Lange et al., 2020). Also, although using visual and auditory media in video lectures is clear, online educators need to be mindful of the potential drawbacks that can arise from their misuse. Lange et al. (2020) stated that information transfer issues can arise when media are presented in ways that restrict viewers' concentration, attention, interest, and engagement. Based on a study by Bullo (2021), most students are less engaged in listening during lectures. This implies that learners who are not actively engaged in lectures may struggle to comprehend and retain information, resulting in lower academic performance. Moreover, his findings suggest that educators should explore and implement teaching strategies that promote active listening and engagement. Despite these promising advantages, gaps remain in existing literature. While many studies emphasize the effectiveness of video tutorials in improving learners’ understanding and engagement, there is limited research focusing on their combined impact on both academic performance and learners’ interest, particularly in grade 9 chemistry. Additionally, there is a need to explore the effectiveness of researcher-made video tutorials that are specifically designed to align with learners’ needs. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of researcher-made video tutorials in enhancing the academic performance and learning interest of Grade 9 chemistry learners. Specifically, it seeks to determine whether the integration of video tutorials can improve learners’ understanding of chemical bonding and increase their engagement in the learning process.
Dr. Edward Tshuma, Dr. Wiklef Makamache, James Sengu, Karen Sithole, Pritchard Muchenje, Thandi Phiri, Tonderai Chinoingira, Washington Maware, Winfielder Makava
The digitisation of tax administration systems has emerged as a critical strategy for improving domestic resource mobilisation in developing economies. This study examines the efficacy of the Tax and Revenue Management System (TaRMS) on revenue collection across the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA), adopting a national scope that encompasses ZIMRA’s principal regional offices. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory, Institutional Theory, and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the research adopts a longitudinal mixed-methods design, combining quantitative secondary data analysis spanning 2021–2024 with qualitative insights obtained from structured interviews and questionnaires administered to ZIMRA officials and registered taxpayers across multiple regions. The study’s objectives were to assess TaRMS’s national impact on taxpayer registration and compliance; to evaluate the system’s effect on on-time filing and return submission rates; to determine TaRMS’s influence on overall revenue collection performance while accounting for external macroeconomic and policy variables; and to identify challenges impeding optimal system utilisation. Findings indicate that TaRMS has significantly improved key revenue administration metrics nationally: active taxpayer registrations increased by 153%, on-time filing rates rose from 13.94% to 38.07%, return submission rates improved from 29.41% to 62.69%, and revenue from new taxpayers grew by 238% between 2023 and 2024. Longitudinal analysis further confirms that these gains are robust to adjustments for external factors including Zimbabwe’s economic stabilisation trajectory, multi-currency policy reforms, and broader fiscal policy changes over the study period. However, the study also identifies persistent challenges including digital literacy gaps, intermittent system downtimes during phased rollouts, and the continued dominance of Zimbabwe’s informal economy. The study recommends targeted taxpayer education programmes, robust technical infrastructure investment, formal sector expansion strategies, and complementary policy interventions to maximise TaRMS’s revenue collection potential. These findings contribute to the broader literature on e-governance, tax administration technology, and public financial management in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Aurora E. Perillo, Bonamae G. Crisostomo, Esther G. Domingo., Joel B. Faustino, Joseline M. Santos, Maria Althea Mae G. Ucag, Nicole Jasmine O. Cuyco, Racel Joy J. Abuan
Developing strong foundational math skills in early childhood is critical, and single-digit addition is a core competency. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of ADDIBOX to the single-digit addition skills of kindergarten learners. A quasi-experimental design was used for 45 kindergarten students of Meycauayan West Central Integrated School that were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group used the ADDIBOX during the math lessons, while the control group followed the traditional instruction. The pre- and post-tests were administered to both groups to measure their prior knowledge and the progress. The results of the study showed that those who utilized the ADDIBOX demonstrated significantly higher improvement in the addition performance of the kindergarten learners compared to the learners that were taught traditionally. The study concludes that ADDIBOX is a valuable educational tool for strengthening early mathematical skills. It provides an interactive, meaningful hands-on approach that fosters active engagement and improved learning outcomes, making it a promising learning tool for developing foundational numeracy skills.
Dr. Ashok Kumar, Upendra Kumar Majhi
Emotional intelligence (EI) plays a significant role in determining students’ academic success and adjustment in educational settings. The present study aimed to examine the difference in educational adjustment between high and low emotional intelligence groups and to investigate the predictive role of emotional intelligence dimensions on educational adjustment among second-year undergraduate students in Odisha, India. The study adopted a quantitative ex post facto research design using a survey method. A total of 500 second-year undergraduate students (250 males and 250 females) from Arts, Science, and Commerce streams were chosen through stratified random sampling. Data were collected with the help of the Sevenfold Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) and the Adjustment Inventory for College Students (AICS). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent sample t-test, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS. The results revealed a significant difference in educational adjustment between high and low emotional intelligence groups, with higher EI students showing better adjustment. Further, regression analysis indicated that emotional intelligence dimensions significantly predict educational adjustment, with self-awareness, empathy, self-regulation, and interpersonal relationships emerging as significant predictors hierarchically. Among these, interpersonal relationship was found to be the strongest predictor. The study concludes that emotional intelligence is an important factor in enhancing educational adjustment among undergraduate students.
CHRP. John Manesa Mule, Dr. James Karau, Dr. Selerina Samba Mwaruta Wanjau
This study examined the influence of employee engagement on Quality of Work Life (QWL) among healthcare workers in public health facilities in Machakos County, Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted, with data collected from 195 healthcare workers using structured questionnaires measured on a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and ordinal logistic regression. Findings revealed moderate to high levels of employee engagement (M = 3.82, SD = 1.10), with significant differences across professional cadres (F(3,191) = 6.45, p < .001). Ordinal regression results indicated that employee engagement significantly predicts QWL (OR = 1.72, p < .001), implying that higher engagement substantially increases the likelihood of improved work-life quality. The study concludes that employee engagement is a critical driver of employee well-being and organizational effectiveness. It recommends strengthening participatory leadership, communication, recognition systems, and teamwork to enhance QWL and service delivery in public health facilities.
Ahmad Rizal Mohd Yusof, Baharuzaini Baharin, Basir Bahir, Mohd Firdaus Yahaya
Higher Education Institutions are now at a point where institutional inclusivity is both a structural need and an operational requirement to navigate the ever-increasing complexity of diversity within their ecosystems effectively. This paper examines the strategic and practical challenges faced by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in promoting Sustainable Development Goal 10 (SDG 10), primarily through creating more inclusive policies that focus on individuals with disabilities (PWDs) and other vulnerable populations within the university community. While UKM has formally stated its commitment to inclusion as part of its sustainability strategic plan 2030, initial evaluation indicates a large gap between formal statements of intent and actual practice, specifically in the deployment of staff resources and the provision of services to support individuals with disabilities. Utilizing a data-driven action research methodology, this study employs policy document analysis, survey and interview data, and a web-based monitoring tool (inclusive dashboard) to assess how effectively existing policy frameworks are being implemented; identify gaps in implementation; and offer more responsive, intersectional, and evidence-driven institutional practices. Preliminary findings indicate that the principal barriers to mainstreaming inclusivity include both the physical/structural barriers to accessibility and ineffective mechanisms for monitoring. This paper suggests a new policy framework, developed collaboratively with key stakeholders across the university, and a live data system that would ensure the principles of social justice are not only recorded but also made transparent and sustainable. This study contributes significantly to the broader literature on academic discourse while offering substantial policy implications for transformative efforts to achieve equity and inclusivity within institutions.
Abdulmujib J. Tantung, Danilo G. Baradillo, PhD, Ivan T. Barroga, PhD, Mae Ann M. Garcia, Rogello F. Estiban, Jr.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has long been promoted as a learner-centered approach that prioritizes meaningful interaction and real-life communication. However, its implementation in non-traditional educational settings, such as the Senior High School Alternative Learning System (ALS), remains underexplored. This study explores the lived experiences of English teachers implementing CLT within a pioneering ALS context, with the aim of understanding how they interpret and construct meaning from their pedagogical practices in a flexible and diverse learning environment. Guided by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), this qualitative study involved seven DepEd English teachers teaching in the first-year implementation of the SHS-ALS program. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed following the IPA framework of Smith, Flowers, and Larkin (2009), allowing for both idiographic and cross-case thematic interpretation. Findings reveal that CLT implementation in ALS is a dynamic, context-sensitive, and transformative process shaped by pedagogical demands and structural constraints. Six superordinate themes emerged: (1) negotiating linguistic limitations through multilingual, scaffolded, and confidence-building communication; (2) contextualizing CLT into functional, real-life, and localized learning; (3) implementing CLT within structural constraints and disrupted learning conditions; (4) reframing pedagogy from grammar-centered instruction to meaningful, learner-centered communication; (5) reconstructing the teacher’s role as facilitator, mentor, guide, and affective support; and (6) undergoing personal-professional transformation through reflective, adaptive, and empathetic practice. These themes highlight teachers’ continuous adaptation to learners’ diverse backgrounds, limited proficiency, and irregular participation, while prioritizing communication over accuracy. The study concludes that CLT in the ALS context is not merely a methodological approach but a flexible, relational, and human-centered practice. It necessitates contextualization, empathy, and instructional innovation, while simultaneously reshaping teacher identity. These findings contribute to the growing discourse on language teaching in alternative education and underscore the importance of context-responsive pedagogies and supportive policy frameworks
Jolly O. Cornelio, Regine L. Pacardo
This action research, led by teacher-reservists, evaluated the effectiveness of the “Squad System” intervention—a military-inspired behavioral framework designed to enhance classroom discipline and task completion among Grade 1 learners. Conducted at Kulaman Central Elementary School, the study involved 59 key stakeholders, including 28 learners, 28 parents, and 3 professional observers. Utilizing a quantitative pre-test/post-test design, data were analyzed through weighted mean scores, Paired-Samples T-tests in Jamovi, and Triple-Axis Data Triangulation. Following a 21-day cycle, results revealed a transformative behavioral shift. The overall Grand Mean improved from a baseline of 1.57 (Developing) to 2.58 (Highly Effective), yielding statistically significant growth (p < .001). Specifically, classroom discipline improved by +0.99 (t(27) = 27.80) and task completion by +1.12 (t(27) = 191.60). Triangulated parental data highlighted a +0.88 mean gain, confirming a "Halo Effect" where classroom discipline generalized into domestic routines. In conclusion, the Squad System—leveraging the authors’ military expertise—is a highly effective mechanism for stabilizing early elementary behavior via peer-led accountability. It is recommended that the district institutionalize this intervention by adopting the standardized operating manual into local policies to guarantee long-term behavioral sustainability.
Afifi Nordin, Amirul Syafiq Mohd Ghazali, Noor Jannah Afi, Salfarina Abdul Gapor, Siti Maizalaizzah Akma Adnan
This study focuses on the determinants of academic motivation among Rohingya refugee students at the Rohingya Community School in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia. Since a vast majority of Rohingya children in Malaysia do not have proper access to formal education (Lee & Hoque, 2024; UNHCR, 2024), the identification of these determinants is crucial. This study integrates Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), and Resilience Theory in an attempt to evaluate the impact of autonomy, competence, social support, self-efficacy, and resilience on student motivation. This study employs a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, collecting data from 40 students aged 9-17 through questionnaires. The questionnaire was designed based on the three theories: SDT, SCT and Resilience Theory. The findings indicate that social cognitive factors and resilience both play a more significant role in educational motivation compared to self-determination. It suggests that external support and a safe learning environment play a crucial role in encouraging Rohingya students towards education. The findings offer evidence for focused interventions depending on the unique challenges of Rohingya students. With the incorporation of SDT, SCT, and Resilience Theory, this study offers a multidimensional model expressing psychological needs, social learning processes, and protective resilience factors influencing educational motivation. The results can guide policymakers, NGOs, and educators in developing inclusive education policies and support systems for refugee children excluded from formal education systems, and thus improve their academic engagement and overall well-bein
Che Mohd Syaharuddin Che Cob, Hatinah Abu Bakar, Mas Ayu Diana Mohd Fauzi, Wan Marhaini Wan Omar
Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) are the foundation of the economy, driving long-term economic growth, job creation, and innovation. They account for most firms in most nations and make considerable contributions to national GDP, export revenues, and community development. Considering dominance in the national economy, the profitability and long-term viability of MSMEs are inseparably linked to the quality of leadership within these businesses. Effective leadership plays a pivotal role in guiding strategic direction, fostering innovation, managing limited resources, and navigating volatile market conditions. Hence, this study aims to achieve two primary objectives: (i) to examine the impact of dynamic capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on MSMEs performance, and (ii) to ascertain the mediating effect of transformational leadership on the relationship between dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation and MSMEs performance. A total of 146 responses were returned and found usable for final analysis using the PLS-SEM technique. The findings revealed that there is no significant direct effect between dynamic capabilities and MSMEs performance but there is a significant direct effect on entrepreneurial orientation on MSMEs performance. Furthermore, the results indicate that transformational leadership does not mediate the relationship between dynamic capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation with MSME performance.
Pham The Hung
In the context of rapid socio-economic transformation and increasing psychosocial risks among adolescents, school-based psychological counseling has become an urgent educational priority in Vietnam. This qualitative study explores the current status, challenges, and strategic measures for enhancing psychological counseling activities in lower secondary schools in Long Xuyen Ward, An Giang Province. Data were collected from over 400 lower secondary students and 35 teachers concurrently assigned to school counseling roles through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. Findings reveal a high demand for counseling support related to academic pressure, peer relationships, parent–child conflict, emotional regulation, and career orientation. However, counseling services remain fragmented, under-resourced, and largely delivered by non-specialized staff lacking systematic training. Cultural barriers, limited funding, and institutional ambiguity further constrain effectiveness. Based on thematic analysis, the study proposes a multi-tiered intervention framework emphasizing professional capacity building, structural institutionalization, parental engagement, culturally responsive practices, and policy-level investment. The findings contribute to the development of sustainable school counseling models in lower secondary education within emerging educational systems.
Fortunato M. Balbis, Jr. Ph.D
This study evaluated the implementation of the Common Service Facility (CSF) under the Department of Agrarian Reform–Agrarian Reform Community Connectivity and Economic Support Services (DAR-ARCCESS) Program in Ocampo, Camarines Sur. The CSF comprised farm machinery and equipment, including four-wheel-drive tractors, a hauling truck, and hand tractors, utilized by Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Organizations (ARBOs) to enhance members’ economic productivity. A descriptive-evaluative research design was employed, involving officers and members from selected ARBOs. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Results indicated that the implementation of the CSF was generally perceived as highly acceptable in terms of ease of operation, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility. However, availability of units and policy implementation were rated as moderately acceptable. Key challenges identified included limited-service coverage, low rental competitiveness, scheduling constraints, inadequate financial record-keeping, insufficient maintenance practices, and lack of trained or permanent operators. To address these issues, the study recommends strengthening promotional strategies, increasing member engagement, developing second-line operators, enforcing operational policies such as job order documentation, enhancing operator capacity through continuous training, and institutionalizing regular financial reporting. These measures are expected to improve the efficiency, sustainability, and overall impact of the CSF under the DAR-ARCCESS Program.
Amin-Nul Aiman Anuar, Hartoyo, Muhammad Haziq Mazlan, Nor Hidayah Hamdan, Reyanhealme Rohanai
This study examines the development and evaluation of a digital Learning Module named the CADCAM learning module for industrial machining technology, aimed at enhancing engagement and competence among Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) students. The module was developed using the ADDIE instructional design model as a framework and guided by experiential learning principles, incorporating multimedia features, structured video tutorials, and targeted Mastercam exercises. Thirty (30) undergraduate machining technology students from Malaysian Technical University Network (MTUN) institutions participated. A quantitative approach was applied using a structured questionnaire to assess students’ perceptions, learning interest, and the relationship between these variables. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Findings revealed highly positive perceptions of the module’s design and a strong, statistically significant relationship between perceptions and learning interest (r = 0.736, p < 0.001). The results highlight the value of integrating systematic instructional design with experiential learning principles to create effective digital modules in TVET, with potential application across other technical disciplines.
David Bozward
The resources underpinning entrepreneurship continue to be theorised in largely separate disciplinary traditions. Sociological accounts emphasise processes of cultural and social reproduction, strategic management focuses on valuable, rare, and inimitable resources, while development studies frame livelihoods as portfolios of capital assets. In parallel, sustainability practice has increasingly operationalised value creation through multi-capital lenses embedded within ESG governance and disclosure regimes. Taken together, these perspectives offer partial insights, but their fragmentation limits theoretical integration and slows the accumulation of comparable empirical evidence. This paper brings these strands together through the development of an Eight-Capital Entrepreneurial Capital Model (ECM), incorporating cultural, experiential (human), financial, intellectual, manufactured, natural, social, and spiritual capital within a single framework. Entrepreneurial capital is conceptualised as a multidimensional and dynamic resource system, consistent with work on sustainable livelihoods and capital portfolios. Within this framework, entrepreneurial outcomes—including opportunity recognition, resource mobilisation, innovation, resilience, and sustainability performance—are understood to depend both on the configuration of capital endowments and on the capacity to orchestrate, reconfigure, and legitimise these resources over time. The paper proceeds by developing theory-informed propositions that link individual and interacting forms of capital to key outcomes, alongside an integrative mechanism in which resource orchestration and dynamic capabilities mediate the translation of capital into performance. To support empirical application, operational definitions are provided, together with indicative measurement constructs and survey items. A staged research agenda is also outlined, combining qualitative exploration, scale development, cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, and mixed-method approaches. The ECM can be theoretically aligned with multi-capital approaches embedded within ESG and integrated reporting frameworks, particularly those advanced by the International Integrated Reporting Council. These frameworks conceptualise value creation as a function of multiple interacting capital stocks, including financial, manufactured, intellectual, human, social, and natural capital. The ECM extends this perspective by incorporating cultural and spiritual capital, thereby addressing behavioural, normative, and ethical dimensions of entrepreneurial activity that are not fully captured in existing ESG models. In doing so, it provides a more comprehensive account of how entrepreneurial ventures create, sustain, and legitimate value within increasingly regulated and sustainability-oriented environments.
Adamu Mutiu O., Afiz Razaq Adediran, Alwadood Jasini A., Aribilola Toba R., Ehisienmhen Nicholas O., Ogunleye Funmilayo D., Ogunmola Olaitan P., Olowojoba Success O.
Sand is one of the most widely consumed construction materials globally, second only to water, and its extraction has become a pressing environmental concern. This study investigates environmental features and spatial dynamics of sand mining in South-western Nigeria: field measurements perspectives from Ile-Ife focusing on systematic identification, spatial mapping, and environmental characterisation of mining sites. Primary data were collected through field surveys, GPS measurements, and direct observation of land use, vegetation, and topography, while secondary data were sourced from GRID3 archives and Google Earth imagery. Twelve mining sites were identified across five major road corridors (Ilesa, Ede, Ibadan, Ondo, and Modakeke), with varying levels of activity and abandonment. Results reveal distinct differences between pit sand (coarse, red orange deposits) and riverine sand (fine, white grey deposits), each serving different construction purposes. Field measurements show significant expansion of pits over time, with volumes exceeding one million cubic metres in some sites, underscoring the scale of extraction. Environmental attributes around the mines include altered vegetation cover, conversion of farmland, and emerging settlement pressures. The findings highlight the spatial extent and environmental implications of sand mining in Ile Ife, providing critical insights for sustainable resource management, land use planning, and policy interventions in Nigeria.
Dr Laveena Sehgal, Mr. Badal Bhushan, Raj Singh, Sanu Kumar, Satyam Kumar Singh, Vaibhav Singh
Educational institutions generate and manage a vast amount of data related to students, including academic records, attendance, examinations, fees, and administrative information. Traditional methods of managing this data, which often rely on manual processes or isolated software systems, lead to inefficiencies such as data redundancy, lack of synchronization, increased chances of human error, and delays in information retrieval. These challenges hinder effective decision-making and reduce overall institutional productivity. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an ERP-Based Integrated Student Management System designed to centralize and streamline all academic and administrative processes within a unified digital platform. The proposed system adopts a modular and scalable architecture that integrates key functionalities such as student registration, attendance management, examination and result processing, fee management, and communication systems. By leveraging modern web technologies, the system ensures real-time data access, improved accuracy, and seamless interaction between students, faculty, and administrators. The system is developed using a full-stack web architecture, incorporating technologies such as React.js for the frontend, Node.js and Express.js for backend services, and MongoDB for efficient data storage and management. It also implements role-based access control to ensure secure and authorized access to sensitive information. The integration of RESTful APIs enables smooth data communication between different modules, ensuring consistency and reliability across the system. The proposed ERP-based solution enhances transparency, improves data management, and facilitates better decision-making in academic institutions. Furthermore, it provides a strong foundation for future enhancements such as mobile application integration, cloud deployment, and AI-driven analytics for academic performance prediction.
Mohd Amran Mahat, Mohd Mas Rizat Abdul Latif, Mohd Tarmizi Ibrahim, Muhammad Mukhlis Abdul Fatah
This systematic review investigates the interplay between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations and tax practices in Malaysia, in particular, environmental regulations, corporate governance practices, and social responsibility practices. Although Malaysia plans to achieve a 45 percent reduction of its carbon intensity and the attainment of net-zero emission by 2030 and 2050 respectively, the relationship between ESG considerations and tax governance has not been studied thoroughly. This review is based on a systematic analysis of 50 highly relevant peer-reviewed articles published since 2017 through which the existing research on the impact of ESG dimensions on tax planning, compliance, and transparency in Malaysian corporations has been synthesized. The results indicate that corporate governance practices, especially the board diversity, independence, and gender representation, have a great impact on improving tax compliance and the quality of ESG disclosures. Laws on the environment encourage tax incentives like the Green Investment Tax Credit (GITA) which has the shortcoming of insufficient use and lack of penalty provisions. Social responsibility programs are associated with less aggressive tax avoidance and greater stakeholder trust, although there is a varying perception of CSR-tax relationships between different stakeholder groups. ESG reporting systems have improved the transparency of tax governance that is still not consistent because of voluntary reporting and differences in sectors. The regulative framework is biased to incentives as opposed to penalties, and enforcement failures to provide overall ESG-tax alignment. The contribution that this review makes to the literature is the context-specific insight into the ESG-tax dynamics in Malaysia, the identification of gaps in research, and practical guidance to the policymakers, business executives, and future researchers. The results are useful in the formulation of a combined framework that will harmonize sustainability goals with financial commitments in the emerging economies.
Alia Nabella Fateha Zolkifli, Sharina Saad
This study explored how ESL undergraduates use and perceive artificial intelligence (AI) tools in academic writing. Using a quantitative-dominant mixed-methods cross-sectional survey design, 31 responses were collected from students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah. To align the analysis with the study scope, 28 undergraduate responses were retained for the main analysis, while three non-target responses (two postgraduate and one diploma) were excluded. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the closed-ended items, while open-ended responses were examined thematically. The findings show that AI use was common: 60.7% of respondents reported using AI tools often, 35.7% sometimes, and 3.6% always. ChatGPT was used by all respondents (100.0%), followed by QuillBot (85.7%) and Grammarly (32.1%). Students mainly used AI for generating ideas or outlines (82.1%), correcting grammar and spelling (75.0%), and rephrasing sentences (67.9%). Perceptions were generally positive, with respondents agreeing that AI improves writing quality (M = 4.25), supports better writing skills (M = 4.18), saves time (M = 3.86), and increases confidence in writing (M = 4.07). Nevertheless, qualitative responses revealed concerns about inaccurate information, plagiarism, overdependence, and reduced critical thinking. Overall, students viewed AI as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for their own effort. The study suggests that AI can be integrated productively into ESL writing instruction when accompanied by clear ethical guidelines, disclosure practices, and AI literacy training.
Ndidiamaka Patience OKAFOR, Sakibu Olajide SAIBU, Sakirat Adenike BALOGUN
The increasing application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) classrooms is revolutionising teaching and learning worldwide. However, this progress raises ethical concerns regarding responsible use, data privacy and the erosion of human thinking in learning. This descriptive survey study examined how STEM students in the three Lagos State-owned tertiary institutions in Nigeria perceive and respond to ethical issues in AI-driven learning environments and how these perceptions influence the development of responsible digital skills. A sample of 430 undergraduate 300 level STEM students participated in the study. Data were collected using the Ethical AI and Responsible Skill Development Questionnaire (EAIRSDQ), comprising sections on demographics, AI awareness, ethical understanding and responsible usage. The questionnaire was validated by three experts in AI ethics and educational measurement, and a pilot study yielded a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.87. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean) and inferential statistics (ANOVA). Results revealed strong students’ level of awareness about ethical implications of AI tools in learning and responsible AI integration and use in STEM education for skills development. ANOVA result further showed significant differences in ethical awareness and responsible use across STEM disciplines. This implies that ethical AI literacy is influenced by disciplinary context, making uniform instructional approaches insufficient. Consequently, it is recommended that tertiary institutions adopt discipline-specific ethical AI frameworks, embed structured ethics training within STEM curricula and promote interdisciplinary integration to ensure consistent and responsible AI use across all fields.
Cllr. Charles Karmo, Gloward E.D Baysah
Ethics play a fundamental role in the functioning of the criminal justice system, as decisions made by criminal justice actors directly affect individual rights, public trust, and the maintenance of societal order. This article critically examines the ethical challenges within the criminal justice system, with a particular focus on achieving a balance between justice, accountability, and the protection of human rights. It explores key ethical frameworks, including utilitarianism, deontological ethics, and virtue ethics, highlighting how these theories inform decision-making and professional conduct in criminal justice practice. The study further analyzes the complex ethical dilemmas faced by various actors within the system, including law enforcement officers, prosecutors, judges, and correctional officials. These dilemmas often arise in situations involving discretion, use of force, prosecutorial judgment, sentencing, and the treatment of offenders. The article demonstrates how unethical practices—such as abuse of authority, corruption, discrimination, excessive use of force, and violations of due process—can significantly undermine the legitimacy and credibility of the justice system. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the consequences of ethical failures, including wrongful convictions, erosion of public confidence, and systemic injustice. It argues that maintaining high ethical standards is essential for ensuring fairness, transparency, and respect for the rule of law. The article concludes by offering practical recommendations aimed at strengthening ethical decision-making, enhancing accountability mechanisms, promoting professional integrity, and ensuring compliance with human rights standards across all levels of the criminal justice system.
Abukari Sani, Alhassan Abass Sagoe
The study sought to evaluate the performance of the Large Capitalized Multi-Factor Portfolio, using the United States of America as the case study. The study specifically concentrated on constructing a portfolio from the S&P 500 using a multi-factor model that integrates value and momentum, and calculates the portfolio's historical risk-return profile, including its annualized return, volatility, and Sharpe ratio over 5 years. The study employed the use of a multi-factor asset pricing approach and contemporary portfolio theory to quantitatively analyse the portfolio performance. It employed the use of the Sharpe ratio to calculate excess return per unit of risk, and compare the performance against an equal-weighted benchmark, as well as the risk-return relationship. Data for the study were obtained from the Stocks.csv file, which covered the period from July 6, 2020, to July 7, 2025, and was used for the Python analysis. For each of the twelve chosen securities, there were 3,144 observations in the dataset that included weekly prices and returns. To guarantee consistency across time and tickers, the data was prepared and cleaned. A continuous time series was created for each stock by recalculating missing return values using the percentage change in weekly closing prices. The Sharpe ratio was calculated using a 4 percent annual risk-free rate, and annualised return and volatility were computed by scaling weekly statistics using a 52-week factor. As a neutral gauge of market-level performance, the benchmark consisted of an equal-weighted portfolio of the same twelve securities. The study revealed that the investment structure is well-balanced and diversified. It was found that the portfolio consistently has weekly performance patterns. This shows that the portfolio's returns are both positive and have minimal volatility, both of which are necessary for preserving a reasonable degree of risk exposure. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the portfolio had a Sharpe ratio of 1.12 and an annualised return of roughly 31.66% with a volatility of 24.72%. By outperforming an equal-weighted benchmark in both absolute and risk-adjusted performance, these metrics demonstrate the portfolio's capacity to produce significant returns while skillfully managing risk. The importance of diversification, which was essential in reducing unsystematic risk and improving overall portfolio stability, is further supported by the covariance matrix analysis. The conclusion is further drawn that the value-momentum combination's cumulative growth trajectory, which shows consistent superior performance over time, validates the theoretical framework supporting it as a feasible investment strategy. This steady upward trend indicates the strategy's potential for long-term profitability in addition to highlighting its efficacy.
Saleh Ali Abdalla Mubarak, Sofian Rosbi
The construction industry in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is undergoing rapid transformation driven by digital innovation and sustainability imperatives. This study evaluates the impact of digital transformation adoption on sustainability outcomes in construction projects. By integrating advanced technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT), and data analytics, organizations aim to improve environmental, economic, and social performance. This study employed a quantitative, hypothesis-driven survey design under a positivist paradigm and deductive approach, guided by the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework. The population comprised contractors involved in sustainable construction projects in the UAE, based on licensed and classified construction firms listed by the UAE Ministry of Infrastructure Development. The sample size determination based on a population of 11,676 contractors, the required sample size was 371 respondents. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey, distributed electronically to targeted contractor managers, supported by official access to company lists and facilitated through the licensing sector to enhance reach and participation. The study analyzed data using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS. Findings indicate that digital transformation enhances sustainability outcomes and identifies key drivers and barriers within the UAE context. The findings provide insights for practitioners and policymakers seeking to align digital initiatives with sustainable development goals.
Balakrishna Ankalam
Context: Demand for micro-irrigation (MI) technologies has increased in semi-arid agricultural areas due to water scarcity, but the spread of such technologies promoted through government subsidy schemes has often been compromised by poor governance and elite capture, with the most vulnerable farmers failing to benefit. Objectives: This paper examines awareness levels, identification of beneficiaries, impact on use and the estimation of leakages among state government-subsidized Micro-Irrigation System (MIS) schemes in Palnadu District of Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods: The primary data were collected from 145 farmers belonging to 4 villages in Macherla mandal through a structured schedule and the data was analysed with the help of χ2 tests. Key Results: However, 60.42% of applications were approved, and implementation was highly unequal. Delays in subsidies were reported in 46.55% of the cases, field verification was insufficient in 66.21%, and elite capture was noted in 50.34% of the recipients. Tenant farmers were excluded at a rate of 54.48%, and collusion between contractors, government officials and beneficiaries was found in 64.14% of cases. Education was a significant predictor of scheme awareness (χ² (df) =11.24, p=0.024), and self-exclusion — rather than formal discrimination on the basis of land size — was one of the major barriers to access. Among the respondents who actually benefited (n = 26), a total of 89.66% reported water savings of 30–50%. Implications: To promote more equitable irrigation development there is a need for direct and transparent beneficiary selection, strong field monitoring, affirmative action for small and marginal farmers and protection of scheme administration from political interference.
Aeron M. Delos Santos, Armil C. Roque, Rosemarie F. Buenafrancisca
Food vendors near the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) Cabiao provide affordable and convenient meals for students. The safety of these foods, nonetheless, is highly reliant on the practices of vendors who prepare and serve them. This study examined the food safety practices of these vendors and how such practices influence student preference in choosing where to buy food. In accordance with the FDA Food Code and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the study focused on six key areas: food handling, personal hygiene, food storage and maintenance, sanitation and facility cleanliness, food waste disposal, and compliance with permits and licensing. Using a descriptive-quantitative design, data were collected from 244 students through a validated survey. Findings indicated that vendors were mostly viewed as meeting basic food safety standards, with the highest ratings given to proper food handling. Personal hygiene and waste disposal, however, showed gaps needing attention. Correlational analysis confirmed that safer and more transparent vendor practices strongly shape student trust, attitudes, and buying behavior. The study underscores that food safety extends beyond regulatory compliance; it is also a crucial factor in maintaining consumer confidence and upholding the livelihoods of vendors. Ensuring that vendors are equipped with enough knowledge, training, and accountability mechanisms is essential to protect public health while promoting the long-term viability of small food businesses. Additionally, enhancing cooperation among vendors, schools, and health authorities can build shared responsibility in establishing a culture of safe and responsible food practices around the campus.
Mohamad Hanis Yahaya, Muhamad Izzat Rahim, Nur Haziq Fikri Ahmad, Rasyiqah Batrisya Md Zolkapli, Sri Fitriaty Mohd Kenali
The Malaysian University English Test (MUET) is an English proficiency test that is largely used for university admission in Malaysia. The test assesses students’ language skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Nevertheless, studies reported that many students struggle to meet the demands of MUET. Hence, a mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) application, named MUET:Tidbits, has been developed to address this issue. To gather students’ perceptions of this application, two community service programmes were organised within an institution of foundation studies, where the application was introduced and used by the students. A feedback survey was then distributed to these 131 students, and the data were analysed in SPSS using descriptive statistics and inferential analyses. The findings revealed high mean scores across all constructs, indicating positive student acceptance of the application. There are also significant relationships among motivation, perceived usefulness, and ease of use, suggesting that the application is user-friendly and could enhance students’ readiness to sit for their MUET. Overall, the findings indicate that MUET Tidbits has strong potential to support students’ language development and examination readiness.
Joana LAPA
This study investigates the relationship between teaching approaches and student performance in primary education, with a particular focus on language learning outcomes in Albania. The research is grounded in data derived from the National Assessment of Pupils’ Achievement, administered at the end of grade five. Given the increasing emphasis on improving educational quality, understanding the role of instructional practices in shaping student outcomes has become essential. A mixed-method research design was employed, combining quantitative statistical analysis with qualitative interpretation of teaching practices. The quantitative component involved descriptive statistics and comparative analysis of student achievement across different instructional approaches. The qualitative component focused on identifying patterns in pedagogical practices and their influence on learning outcomes. The findings indicate that student-centered teaching approaches, characterized by interaction, collaboration, and active engagement, are significantly associated with higher levels of student achievement. In contrast, teacher-centered approaches show lower effectiveness in developing language competencies. These results are consistent with established educational theories emphasizing active learning and social interaction. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing real evidence from a national educational context and offers practical recommendations for improving teaching practices. The findings are particularly relevant for educators, policymakers, and researchers seeking to enhance student performance in primary education.
Glory Ann M. Caminse, Ligaya C. Manolong, Ronald D. Manolong
This quantitative-descriptive study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology (MonCAST) as a higher education institution in delivering quality education and fostering continuous improvement. Anchored on Talcott Parsons’ Goal Attainment Theory (1960), the study examined how clearly defined institutional goals translate into concrete outcomes for faculty and students. Specifically, it assessed MonCAST’s effectiveness in terms of clear school mission, high expectations for success, instructional leadership, opportunity to learn and time on task, safe and orderly environment, positive home-school relations, and frequent monitoring of student progress. A survey was conducted among 69 faculty members selected through stratified random sampling to ensure fair representation. Results revealed that MonCAST achieved a "Very High" effectiveness level in most areas, particularly in its clear mission, strong instructional leadership, and high academic expectations. Opportunities for learning, student safety, and monitoring of progress were also highly rated, supporting a strong academic and supportive school culture. However, home-school relations received a "High" rating, suggesting the need for further strengthening of parental engagement and community connections. The study concludes that MonCAST demonstrates a solid foundation for excellence but should continue enhancing stakeholder partnerships and support systems. It recommends continuous curriculum improvement, faculty development, active student participation, and expanded community involvement to sustain progress. Future researchers are encouraged to explore additional effectiveness dimensions, such as graduate outcomes and student satisfaction, to further guide institutional development.
ACHOJA, Felix Odemero, OGHORO, Norbert Oghenetega, OGISI Oraye Dicta
Crop and cattle production activities are important means of attaining food security in Delta State, Nigeria. But conflict between crop farmers and cattle herders is a critical impediment to food security. This study therefore examined the effect of farmers/herders` conflict on food security in Delta State, Nigeria. To achieve the set objective, primary data were collected from 15% of registered crop farmers and herders (i.e.700 respondents, comprising 500 farmers and 200 cattle herders). Multistage sampling technique complemented with purposive and snowball methods were adopted to compose the sample. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tools were applied to analyze collected primary data. The results revealed that farmers/herders` conflict had a statistically significant and negative relationship (P ≤ 0.05) with all identified food security indicators (food availability, food accessibility, and food affordability) among both farmers and herders. Regression results showed that crop destruction, kidnapping, killing, and rape cases significantly reduced crop productivity. The logit regression results further indicated that conflict significantly reduced the probability of farmers investing in crop enterprises. The study recommended the establishment and effective management of grazing reserves and ranching systems as a panacea for peace and food security in Delta State, Nigeria.
Ahmad Fadzil Jobli, Wen Chiat Lee
Gamification in education is important as it provides a new pathway for learners to be more engaged in their learning journey. “Quizizz” is an online game that is used by educators for academic purpose and enables the students to enjoy interactive learning and have fun. The study in this paper is a quantitative study undertaken to examine the perception of 61 Diploma students towards the effectiveness of Quizizz in increasing students’ active participation and enhancing learning experience in Economics subject. The Diploma students in two classes that have taken Economics class and undergone Quizizz in a university in Kuching, Sarawak are chosen as respondents. Questionnaire in Google Form is then given to the respondents to answer. The data is analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentage) analysis in Excel and SPSS 29.0 software. The results show that Quizizz can increase students’ active participation by 17 percent and enhancing students learning experience by Economics performance by 47.5 percent in Economics subject. It is hoped that the findings could provide some insights to educators in employing Quizizz as their formative assessments to improve universities’ students’ performance.
Ahmad Fadzil Jobli, Wen Chiat Lee
Gamification in education is important as it provides a new pathway for learners to be more engaged in their learning journey. “Quizizz” is an online game that is used by educators for academic purpose and enables the students to enjoy interactive learning and have fun. The study in this paper is a quantitative study undertaken to examine the perception of 61 Diploma students towards the effectiveness of Quizizz in increasing Economics performance, enhancing class participation and enriching learning experience. The Diploma students in two classes that have taken Economics class and undergone Quizizz in a university in Kuching, Sarawak are chosen as respondents. Questionnaire in Google Form is then given to the respondents to answer. The data is analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentage) analysis in Excel and SPSS 29.0 software. The results show that Quizizz can increase passing rates of students by 26 percent and increase of 15 percent for students that score A in Economics. It is hoped that the findings could provide some insights to educators in employing Quizizz as their formative assessments to improve universities’ students’ performance.
Ahmad Fadzil Jobli, Wen Chiat Lee
Students of the twenty-first century requires digital tool and prefer game-based learning and teaching environment to enhance their understanding. Board game is one of the game-based learning method that can create a scenario-based environment, where students interact to apply previous knowledge and practical skills to real-world problems. However, there remains a gap in the literature on the application of simulation and board game such as the use of board game in Economics subject in university. Thus, the aim of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of application of board game use to enhance students understanding in Monetary Theory and Policy Subject, an Economics subject. Feedback of thirty university students in Malaysia public university that take this monetary theory and policy subject was obtained. This paper finds out that the use of a board game as a game-based learning tool can increase university’s students understanding of monetary theory and policy It is hoped that the findings could provide some insights to educators in employing Board game as formative assessments to enhance universities understanding on Monetary Theory and Policy Economics subject.
James Darel Jay P. Lucerna, Orlan D. Tabuada Jr.
Organizational Learning is a process of continuously improving how an organization works by sharing knowledge, learning from experience, and adapting to change. The purpose of this study is to explore how the use of technology and continuous learning practices influence the efficiency, accuracy, and security of managing public records. The research aimed to determine how technology adoption and organizational learning contribute to the effective use of the Electronic Records Management System (ERMS) among public registrars in the Municipality of Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. A quantitative-descriptive design was applied, and data were collected through a structured and modified survey questionnaire. The respondents were employees from different municipal departments who directly handle records and use the ERMS in their daily tasks. The gathered data were analyzed using statistical tools to examine the connection between technology adoption, organizational learning, and system performance. Findings revealed that embracing technology significantly improves the accuracy, accessibility, and protection of electronic records, while organizational learning helps employees adapt and use the system more effectively. Results also indicated that continuous training and knowledge sharing are vital in sustaining effective ERMS practices and improving overall record management. The study concludes that investing in both employee development and technological resources is essential to achieve efficient and transparent public record management. These insights can help local government offices craft policies that support digital transformation and promote professional growth to enhance governance and service delivery.
Athieno. Petrolina. O. Mukasa, Habumuremyi Felex, Wandera Gerald Obbo
The study investigated the correlation between resource allocation and operational management within Operation Wealth Creation (OWC) in Nyakabingo Parish, Kisoro District, Uganda. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered from 93 participants via questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation, so ensuring the triangulation of quantitative and qualitative insights. Findings indicated that resource use, inclusion, monitoring, and adaptability were seen favorably, however transparency, equity, and attention to vulnerable groups were identified as deficiencies. Operational management results demonstrated strengths in resource efficiency and training; however, they were compromised by delays, ineffective communication, and insufficient monitoring. Correlation analysis revealed a robust positive correlation (r = 0.825, p < 0.000) between resource allocation and operational management. Regression findings indicated that allocation, coordination, and planning accounted for 33.2% of the variance in operational performance, highlighting the impact of supplementary factors such as leadership and governance. The study shows that efficient resource allocation markedly improves operational management; nonetheless, sustainable impact necessitates openness, equity, and accountability. The study recommends an enhancement of monitoring mechanisms, the improvement of stakeholder participation, and the prioritization of vulnerable populations to maximize OWCs impact on rural socio-economic development.
Mohamed Nazhif Ramlan, Nor Azima Ahmad, Nursaadatun Nisak Ahmad, Umi Nazira Rafie
In Malaysia's rapidly evolving Information Technology (IT) service provider industry, marked by increasing digital transformation demands and a scarcity of skilled software developers, this conceptual study explores the relationship between job demands, job resources, and employee performance among software developers. Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, this paper examines six predictors, workload, role ambiguity, work-life balance, organisational support, supervisory support, and job security, and their differential effects on task, adaptive, and contextual performance. The paper proposes a moderating role of employee resilience on the job security and performance relationship. Theoretically, this study enriches understanding by specifying which performance dimensions are most affected by each predictor. Practically, this conceptual paper aims to provide organisations with insights to enhance software developer performance. A methodological framework for empirical testing, including remedies for common method variance and a mixed-methods pilot study will be used in this study.
Nansereko Racheal Kabuye
The study examined the role of entrepreneurship intentions in the growth of micro and small restaurants in the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) markets in Uganda. Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) contribute significantly to the economic development of developing countries like Uganda, but their growth is hampered by a lack of managerial skills, a lack of resources, and a lack of competitiveness, finances and above all entrepreneurship intentions. Through the theory of planned behavior and Resource based theory the study examined how subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and employee behaviors and other resources affect the goals and growth of the restaurants in various markets of Kampala Capital City Authority. The study considered a population of 1,805 drawn from the markets in the five divisions of Kampala that is Central, Nakawa, Makindye, Rubaga and Kawempe division and a who were women involved in micro and small restaurants and a sample size of 302 respondents determined from each division using Saunders et al formula. The study employed a mixed-method approach which included both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Results showed that entrepreneurship intentions have a considerable impact on restaurant growth with a correlation coefficient of 0.671 and a simple linear regression result of results of R2 of .450 or 45%. This meant that the model of entrepreneurship intentions explained 45% of the growth of restaurants in the KCCA markets. The important elements of entrepreneurial intentions that propelled growth were preparedness, strategic planning, experience, and vision. The findings underscore the need for supportive policies and interventions to enhance entrepreneurial landscape in the markets of KCCA in Uganda.
Messiah Inri A. Santarromana
Informal caregivers play a vital role in palliative and end-of-life care. However, their experiences are rarely acknowledged or recognized formally within health care delivery systems. This systematic review examined the most recently available peer reviewed literature examining the experiences of informal caregivers caring for terminally ill patients in palliative care focusing on burden, challenges, coping, psychosocial reactions and lived experiences. Eligible studies published from 2021 forward were located via a structured search through PubMed and Google Scholar. Twenty-one studies were ultimately selected for inclusion in this synthesis. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data resulting in the identification of six themes: (1) caregiving as complex work; (2) caregiving under constraint; (3) emotional burden and psychological distress; (4) coping, meaning-making and positive adaptation; (5) role transformation and caregiver expertise; and (6) navigating uncertainty and preparing for dying. These results clearly indicate that caregiving during palliative care is multi-dimensional and influenced by practical, emotional, structural limitations and uncertainty associated with an individual's death. While many caregivers will suffer from burden and lack of adequate support, caregivers have shown the ability to develop resiliency, meaning and expertise in their caregiving roles. Overall, this systematic review supports the recognition of caregivers as both care partners and care recipients within palliative care delivery systems.
Yassir Elhaj
Automatic age estimation and gender classification from facial images represent two of the most intensively studied problems in computer vision, with wide-ranging applications in human-computer interaction, biometric surveillance, targeted marketing, healthcare monitoring, and forensic analysis. Despite remarkable advances in convolutional neural network architectures over the past decade, the black-box nature of deep learning models continues to pose significant challenges in terms of interpretability, trustworthiness, and accountability, particularly in sensitive deployment contexts. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of three state-of-the-art deep learning architectures—VGG16, ResNet50, and EfficientNet-B3—for simultaneous age and gender prediction from facial images, with a strong emphasis on model explainability. Our framework employs the UTKFace dataset, comprising over 20,000 face images spanning ages from 1 to 116 across multiple ethnicities. We describe a rigorous preprocessing pipeline incorporating Multitask Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN) for face detection and alignment, followed by standardized normalization and extensive data augmentation strategies. Both Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are integrated into the evaluation workflow to provide visual and quantitative insight into the regions and features that drive model decisions. Experimental results demonstrate that EfficientNet-B3 achieves superior performance with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 4.37 years for age estimation and a gender classification accuracy of 96.8%, while maintaining a significantly reduced computational footprint compared to the other architectures under evaluation. ResNet50 offers a strong middle ground between accuracy and training efficiency, whereas VGG16, though interpretable, lags behind in both performance and computational cost. Our explainability analysis reveals that all three models predominantly attend to periocular regions, nasolabial folds, and frontal skull geometry for age estimation, while gender classification relies more heavily on jaw contour, brow ridge prominence, and lip morphology. These findings underscore the importance of integrating explainability tools into the facial analysis pipeline and provide practical guidance for practitioners deploying deep learning systems in real-world, ethically sensitive environments.
Liang Jingjing, Suraya Md Nasir
The increasing integration of digital technologies into higher education has contributed to a wider use of video-based instructional resources, particularly in blended learning settings. In recent years, developments in generative artificial intelligence have made it possible to produce short-form educational videos more efficiently, offering new ways to support flexible teaching and learning. Despite growing interest in these tools, their role within structured teaching models remains insufficiently examined. This study explores how AI-generated short videos can be incorporated into a blended teaching approach in an undergraduate digital media course. A mixed-method design was adopted, combining questionnaire data with semi-structured interviews to better understand students’ learning behaviors, participation patterns, and their experiences across online and face-to-face learning contexts. In addition, the study considers how video-based resources are organized within the overall course structure and how they support different stages of learning. The findings indicate that short, clearly structured videos can help students manage their learning more flexibly and maintain engagement beyond the classroom. Many students showed a preference for concise content that was closely aligned with specific learning tasks. The use of video materials also allowed instructors to shift part of the content delivery outside class time, creating more opportunities for discussion and interaction during in-person sessions. However, the results suggest that poorly designed video content may lead to fragmented understanding or increased cognitive load. Overall, the study presents a practice-oriented approach to integrating AI-generated short videos into blended teaching and highlights their potential to support student-centered learning in higher education.
Christopher Mazvazva, Ishmael Mugari, Lisa Chinyoka, Macdonald T. Matutu, Maxwell Kunambura
As technological advancements reshape industries particularly in emerging economies, embracing novel technologies such as blockchain to enhance tax compliance is crucial for national revenue generation. This study sought to explore the potential opportunities and challenges of adopting blockchain technology for tax compliance in Zimbabwe’s retail sector. Grounded in the Stakeholder theory and Technology Acceptance Model, the study adopted the interpretivist philosophy. A qualitative research approach and an exploratory research design were used. Semi -structured interviews were conducted with thirteen (13) key participants purposively selected from Harare CBD. The participants included retail managers, internal auditors, IT/data experts and tax officials. The results revealed that current tax compliance practices are perceived as mixed where both manual verifications and automated systems are used. The participants highlighted that they face tax compliance hurdles such as complexity of tax regulations and lack of staff competence in tax matters. Participants expressed optimism about blockchain’s potential to improve transparency, enhancing auditing, reduce fraud and streamlining processes. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, regulatory uncertainties and resistance to change were cited as key adoption barriers. A strategic framework for adoption and integration of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) was developed. Recommendations for the retailers include adopting a phased implementation strategy, fostering collaborations with technology providers and enhancing leadership support to cultivate a culture of compliance.
Dr. Wilma O. Rivadenera, Juliet C. San Luis, Kaela Rolaine H. Sasot, Maurice R. Villafranca
Nurses are often represented by white scrubs, a testament to their purity and commitment to patient care. Tattoos, however, remain stigmatized in many societies. This study developed a contextually relevant conceptual framework explaining how visible tattoos on nurses are perceived in the CALABARZON region of the Philippines. Using the Multi-Grounded Theory (MGT) approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 participants purposively sampled to represent multiple perspectives: a) Stakeholders; b) Academia; and c) Multi-disciplinary Team. Interview data were manually transcribed, coded, and theoretically condensed to produce an empirically-anchored conceptual framework that explains the relationships among perspectives. The analysis produced three core, interrelated categories: (1) Identity—nurses use tattoos as markers of personal expression, (2) Perception—responses to visible tattoos are shaped by those who view them, and people value tattoos differently as the nature of their diversity, prompting nurses to employ management strategies to negotiate professional expectations, (3) Management. On the other hand, the study discovered that no management often occurs when they are viewed positively. Key findings include consistent generational differences, a general lack of effect on perceived clinical competence, but persistent bias influencing interpersonal interactions and trust in some contexts. Further grounding in theoretical congruence and coherence testing validated the intrinsic meaning of the emergent model. The conceptual framework may be used to inform institutional dress code and human resources policy, direct diversity and sensitivity training, and inform curriculum planning in nursing education to address professional image and inclusive practice. It adds to qualitative literature on nursing diversity in local health-care settings. It lays a foundation for cross-cultural comparison and future empirical study of appearance, trust, and workforce policy in the nursing arena. Definitely, this study should serve as a basis for inclusivity among tattooed nurses, who aim to deliver the care their duty requires.
Alexander F. Suan, Jessa Ragrag Tiongson
Reading proficiency in the early grades is a critical foundation for academic achievement, yet many young learners continue to struggle with decoding and comprehension. This descriptive-correlational study examined the influence of home literacy environment, educational media exposure, and teaching quality on the reading skills of Grade 2 struggling readers in selected public elementary schools in Gingoog City. Grounded in the Ecological Systems Perspective, the study explored how these contextual and instructional factors shape pupils' phonics and comprehension abilities. Participants included 296 Grade 2 struggling readers, their parents, and their respective teachers. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and a researcher-developed reading assessment tool. Multiple regression analysis was employed to determine predictive relationships among variables. Results indicate that home literacy environment, educational media exposure, and teaching quality were all rated high; however, only teaching quality demonstrated a statistically significant effect on reading skills. The overall regression model was not significant, suggesting that additional variables beyond those examined likely account for pupils' reading difficulties. Future research should explore longitudinal designs and broader ecological factors to deepen understanding of early literacy development among struggling readers.
Bartolome L. Cagas, Sittie Nashebah B. Guinto
Understanding how students justify, evaluate, and validate mathematical knowledge is central to effective mathematics instruction. This study examined the mathematical epistemology of Grade 9 students from a public national high school in Lanao del Sur, Philippines, as they validated the Pythagorean Theorem through a guided investigation. The task design intentionally utilized eight distinct side-length parity sets, including non-right triangle distractors to test the exclusionary logic of the theorem. Students’ written reflections were analyzed and categorized into two epistemic stances: practical epistemic reasoning and formal epistemic reasoning. The findings indicate that students’ mathematical epistemology is highly context-dependent and shaped by task design. While practical reasoning focused on visual representation and empirical evidence was initially dominant in initial tasks, a significant epistemic transition toward formal reasoning (theoretical justification and pattern recognition) occurred in tasks requiring the verification of universal validity. However, the study also reveals that students are prone to developing heuristic rules based on numerical patterns, such as parity (even/odd), rather than relying solely on formal mathematical properties. These results highlight the critical role of structured inquiry and the need for rigorous verification tasks that account for potential instructional-induced biases. The findings offer implications for mathematics instruction, emphasizing the importance of bridging practical engagement and formal reasoning to foster a more coherent and robust mathematical epistemological awareness.
Eugenia Ida Edward, Muhammad Irfan Mokhtar, Nur Alyani Khairol Anuar, Nurul Hijah Jasman
This study explores how Malaysian ESL undergraduates are aware of their reading strategies and processes. This study draws on the framework established by Mokhtari and Reichard (2002) to explore how students view their use of global, problem-solving, and support reading strategies, as well as the relationship between these strategies. A quantitative method was employed, involving 146 participants who completed a self-report questionnaire. Studies show that students frequently use various reading strategies, particularly demonstrating a strong interest in predicting, rereading, and highlighting. The findings reveal significant positive relationships among all three types of strategies, indicating that students often use multiple strategies at the same time to enhance their understanding. The results highlight the importance of developing metacognitive awareness in ESL teaching and learning process.
Che Mohd Syaharuddin Che Cob, Mariam Setapa, Mazlina Mamat, Noorita Mohammad, Wan Asma Hanim Wan Mustapha, Yuslina Yusoff
This study investigates the integration of gamification and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) within an undergraduate Operations Management course. A structured, gamified, case-based activity known as the Ops Challenge – Kelantan Snack Factory Expansion was designed to engage students in applying plant layout and project scheduling techniques while incorporating sustainability considerations. The intervention was implemented over multiple phases, including theoretical grounding, gamified task execution, and a final competitive showcase. Adopting a qualitative research design, data were collected from approximately 300 students through individual reflections and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that students developed meaningful awareness of environmental, economic, and social sustainability, particularly in relation to resource efficiency, cost optimization, and workplace safety. In addition, students demonstrated emerging systems thinking by recognizing the interdependence of operational decisions. The results further indicate that gamification significantly enhanced student engagement, motivation, and collaborative learning experiences. Team-based activities encouraged knowledge sharing and problem-solving, reinforcing both conceptual understanding and practical application of Operations Management tools. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on experiential and sustainability-oriented pedagogy by proposing the Gamified Sustainable Operations Learning (GSOL) Model. The model offers a structured and replicable framework for embedding sustainability into technical subjects, thereby supporting the development of future-ready graduates equipped with both analytical and sustainability competencies.
Anthony Inah Iwara, Ogunlade Titilope Ayobami, Ukpere Victor Nichols
This study examines the issue of remote working and its impact on the performance of staff in the COVID-19 pandemic and the selected non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Abuja, Nigeria. The study takes the form of a descriptive survey with a structured questionnaire to 50 employees that had had a remote work experience. Simple percentages and mean scores were used to analyze data. The results showed that remote work had significant advantages, such as lower transportation expenses, closer contact with family, better flexibility, and perceived job performance improvement. Nevertheless, the work also singles out such challenges as higher operational expenses incurred by employees (e. internet and electricity), less interaction among staff members and greater risk of information security. The findings also reveal that employees mostly used communication platforms including email, phone calls, and WhatsApp to keep the work flowing during the remote operations. Although the results are both positive and negative, the study concludes that remote work has the potential of positively impacting employee performance provided there are proper infrastructure, organizational policies and incentives in place. It highlights the importance of employers to offer financial and technological assistance to reduce the risks of remote working, especially in developing economies with infrastructural constraints. The research is an addition to the expanding literature on flexible work arrangement by emphasizing the contextual realities that determine the efficacy of remote work in Nigeria.
Achataseh Godwill, Elijah Mokoh Anu
School violence has emerged as a critical challenge affecting educational development and learner well-being globally, with increasing concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Cameroon has recorded increase incidents of school violence. Despite this surge, there are no empirical studies examining their underlying causes particularly from students’ perspective and response approaches remain administrative. This study explores the root causes of school violence in with focus on secondary schools in Cameroon using a qualitative grounded theory approach. To achieve this, the study researcher engaged 17 focus group discussions involving335 students drawn from six secondary schools, including government, mission, and lay private institutions in the North West Region. Open-ended questionnaires were used to provide the participants with the opportunity to freely share their perspectives on the subject. The data collected through the focus group discussions was analysed using standard guidelines for grounded theory studies employing open, axial, and selective coding procedures. Findings from the study reveal that school violence is provoked by a complex interaction of economic, personal, psychosocial, and school-related factors. Psychosocial factors particularly jealousy, anger, peer influence, and strained relationships emerged as the most dominant contributors. Based on these findings, this study concludes that school violence is largely relational and emotionally driven, underscoring the need for a more holistic and preventive responses rather than just administrative actions. The study recommends that address violence, policymakers, school administrators, and curriculum developers should proactively adopt a more holistic approach composing of psychosocial support, value-based education, and systematic monitoring mechanisms which are missing in most cases.
Rey M. Arturo, Rosabeth M. Arturo
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents significant emotional, social, and economic challenges for families worldwide. Globally, the prevalence of ASD has increased over the past decades, posing growing challenges for families and healthcare systems. Mothers, who often serve as the primary caregivers of children with ASD, experience substantial emotional, financial, and caregiving burdens. This study explored the lived experiences of mothers raising children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the island province in the Philippines. Using a qualitative descriptive phenomenological design, in-depth interviews were conducted with three purposively selected mothers who have children aged 5–15 years diagnosed with ASD. Data were analyzed using Creswell’s six-step qualitative data analysis procedure. Four major themes emerged from the narratives: (1) treating own child differently, (2) fearing for them, (3) problematizing therapy, and (4) caring challenges. Findings revealed that mothers experienced emotional distress, social stigma, financial strain, and difficulties accessing therapy services due to geographic isolation and limited availability of specialists. Despite these barriers, participants demonstrated resilience, adaptability, and strong parental commitment in supporting their children’s development. The study highlights the need for accessible therapy services, inclusive education programs, and government-supported interventions for families raising children with ASD in geographically isolated communities. Thus, mothers of ASD children should have extra treatment, fear, problems, and care for their ASD children. This study recommends a quantitative research to support the qualitative findings that will serve as the foundation for developing comprehensive intervention programs for these mothers of children with ASD.
Clarence Hernandez, Edmund David Tamayo, Joseph Carlos Crisostomo, Monaliza Jimenez, Ramjohn Levy De Mesa
This study focuses on what shapes programming growth among third-year Computer Engineering learners at Bulacan State University. Psychological traits, classroom structure, personal study routines, alongside AI tool usage and shape skill acquisition patterns observed in these individuals. A numeric method guides this study. The surveys reach 60 selected participants via purposeful selection techniques. Information flows from responses marked on a 4-point Likert scale questionnaire, later analysed using weighted mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation. Results show those who believe more strongly in themselves tend to perform better in coding coursework. Despite a positive view of classroom support, learners show hesitation during difficult tasks. When mistakes occur in programming work, discomfort tends to follow. Because understanding code becomes harder, some turn to artificial intelligence systems too frequently. As time passes, personal analytical growth slows under such dependency. Without frequent engagement beyond scheduled lessons, ability to locate faults weakens. Skill advancement depends strongly on individual initiative paired with repeated exercise. Progress requires sustained effort done without guidance from instructors. The study concludes that consistent, self-directed study habits and hands-on practice are critical for skill development. Recommendations include increasing out-of-class coding practice, conducting live skill assessments for future research, and expanding study samples to include other IT-related fields.
Rev. Sr. Chakrawarthige Susima Ayanthi Fernando
It is aimed at identifying factors which affect attendance to school for Advanced Level students in government schools in Sri Lanka, with special emphasis on Arts and Commerce streams, since attendance is gradually increasing as an issue, with negative bearing as irregular attendance affects their performance, motivation, and mental well-being as well. This study adopts a mixed method technique, which combines both surveys and interviews, in order to address in-depth different elements concerning attendance. Samples comprising 400 students have been used in this study, with a well-structured questionnaire regarding student preferences, teacher and subject considerations, physical and mental capabilities, non-collegiate activities, facilities in the classroom, personal and health-related considerations, and family and support considerations. Semi-structured interviews with parents and teachers have been conducted in addition to data collection, with views and perceptions regarding attendance in broader regards being addressed. For the quantitative data, the methods employed include descriptive statistics, reliability coefficient, correlation, and regression using the SPSS package, while the thematic analysis was employed on the qualitative data from the interviews. From the findings, it was shown that home environment and support from the parents, followed by activities away from the college, classroom facilities, and teachers, had the greatest effects on attendance. Student preferences and health-related matters had a mediocre effect on attendance. Using thematic analysis, it was observed that while the main focus of the parents is on well-structured programming, finance, and support, the teachers' main focus is on motivation in the classroom and in the institution, including overcrowding. Based on the results, this study suggests that measures be taken in improving teaching practices, provision of better classroom facilities, parent involvement, provision of counseling services, and establishing effective attendance management systems. The researcher confirms that by providing a conducive environment that encourages students to be in school on a daily basis, it will help improve students' results. The importance of the study is that it explains the various aspects of absenteeism in the government schools of Sri Lanka.
Jason D. Magalona, Pearl Angela Chinel, Ryan L. Gesoyot
This study examined the factors associated with bullying and the level of exposure to bullying among secondary learners, aiming to identify personal, school, and community factors, describe the level of exposure as victims and bullies, and explore the relationship between these factors and exposure levels. Utilizing a descriptive and correlational research design, the study found that self-esteem was strongly related to student involvement in bullying, while leadership tendencies had a moderate connection. Teacher-student interactions were moderately linked to bullying incidents, and a safe, inclusive school environment was strongly associated with bullying prevention. Verbal bullying, characterized by name-calling and teasing, was the most prevalent form and often led to other aggressive behaviors. The study revealed that while personal and school-related factors showed no significant relationship with bullying exposure, community factors significantly influenced both victims' and bullies' exposure levels. The findings emphasize the importance of self-esteem development, positive teacher-student interactions, and a supportive school community in reducing bullying. It recommends implementing programs to boost self-esteem and leadership skills, enhancing teacher training to handle bullying, and involving the community in prevention efforts to foster a safer, more inclusive environment. These comprehensive interventions are vital for addressing bullying effectively and promoting a culture of respect and empathy both within schools and the broader community.
Kavira Kyunyu Neria
This study examined the factors influencing the attractiveness of the teaching profession in public secondary schools in Butembo City, Democratic Republic of Congo. The study was guided by a descriptive survey research design, which enabled systematic collection of data on teachers’ perceptions regarding intrinsic motivation, extrinsic incentives, working conditions, professional recognition, and career development opportunities. A mixed-methods approach was employed to provide both quantitative and qualitative insights into the phenomenon under investigation. The target population comprised approximately 650 teachers from public secondary schools in Butembo City (Ministry of Education, 2025). A purposive sample of 50 teachers was selected to ensure representation across gender, teaching experience, subject specialization, and different schools. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires utilized Likert-scale and closed-ended items, while interviews provided deeper qualitative insights into teachers’ lived experiences. Instrument validity was ensured through expert review and pilot testing, while reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient with a threshold of 0.70. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics, including correlation and regression analysis, to determine relationships among variables. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns and complement quantitative findings. Ethical considerations such as informed consent, confidentiality, and voluntary participation were strictly observed. Findings revealed that the attractiveness of the teaching profession is primarily driven by intrinsic motivators such as societal contribution and personal fulfillment. However, extrinsic factors including low remuneration, heavy workload, inadequate resources, limited promotion opportunities, and inconsistent professional recognition significantly reduce its attractiveness. The study concludes that while teachers remain intrinsically motivated, structural and institutional challenges undermine the long-term sustainability of the profession. The study recommends improved remuneration, better working conditions, strengthened career progression systems, and enhanced professional recognition to improve teacher attraction and retention.
Dr (Mrs) Ogbuokiri N.P, Nwankwo George Eberechukw
This study investigated family background and social media usage as correlates of academic performance in Physics among secondary school students in Abia State. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses which were tested at 0.05 level of significance. It adopted a correlational research design. The study population comprised 8,739 students in Senior Secondary II (SS II) in 263 public schools in Abia State, from which 874 students (10%) were selected as a working sample using a multi-stage sampling technique. A researcher developed questionnaire titled Family Background and Social Media Usage Questionnaire (FBSMUQ) was used for the study alongside students’ cumulative Physics results for the 2023/2024 academic session obtained from school records. The instrument was validated by three experts, one from Psychology, one from Guidance and Counselling and one from Measurement and Evaluation in Abia State University, Uturu, and yielded a reliability coefficient above 0.70. Data were analysed using multiple regression to answer the research questions, while the t-test associated with regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that family background especially parental education and social media usage significantly predicted students’ academic performance in Physics, with excessive social media usage predicting performance negatively. The study recommended among others increased parental involvement in students’ academic activities and responsible use of social media to enhance students’ academic performance in Physics.
Dr Ogbodo Hyacinth Igwesi, Dr Vitus Chinedu Ogbunuju, Dr. Nwankwo Pilip Abuchi, Ebigwu Kerry Ijeoma, Tawo Francis Abang Ph.D
The study focused on family demography and purchase decision on Speciality goods in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study specifically sought to determine the extent family demographic variables such as family education status, family perceived income level, and family size influences purchasing decision making for specaility goods in Enugu urban, Enugu state, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A population size of 1,268,831, out of which a sample size of 400 was gotten using Taro Yamen’s formula at 5% error tolerance and 95% level of confidence. Instrument used for data collection was structural questionnaire. Out of 400 copies of the questionnaire that were distributed, 354 copies were returned while 46 were not returned. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and simple linear regression statistical tools. The findings indicate that Education status has a significant influence on family purchasing decision making for specialty goods in Enugu State Nigeria. There was a positive relationship between Family size and family purchasing decision making for specialty goods in Enugu State Nigeria. Perceived income has a significant influence family purchasing decision making for specialty goods in Enugu State Nigeria.. The implications of study revealed that education status perceived income , and family size has a significant effect on family purchase decision. The study concluded that a family is the key element that affects the consumption and disposal of the products. It is vital for a seller to identify the issues related to family structure, buying patterns, buying roles and motives of the family members. The study recommended that families should send their families members to school so as to help them to be well placed in life, as well as making them to purchase product of their choose.
Dr Ogbodo Hyacinth Igwesi, Dr Vitus Chinedu Ogbunuju, Dr. Nwankwo Pilip Abuchi, Ebigwu Kerry Ijeoma, Tawo Francis Abang Ph. D
The study focused on family demography and purchase decision on Speciality goods in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study specifically sought to determine the extent family demographic variables such as family education status, family perceived income level, and family size influences purchasing decision making for specaility goods in Enugu urban, Enugu state, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A population size of 1,268,831, out of which a sample size of 400 was gotten using Taro Yamen’s formula at 5% error tolerance and 95% level of confidence. Instrument used for data collection was structural questionnaire. Out of 400 copies of the questionnaire that were distributed, 354 copies were returned while 46 were not returned. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and simple linear regression statistical tools. The findings indicate that Education status has a significant influence on family purchasing decision making for specialty goods in Enugu State Nigeria. There was a positive relationship between Family size and family purchasing decision making for specialty goods in Enugu State Nigeria. Perceived income has a significant influence family purchasing decision making for specialty goods in Enugu State Nigeria.. The implications of study revealed that education status perceived income , and family size has a significant effect on family purchase decision. The study concluded that a family is the key element that affects the consumption and disposal of the products. It is vital for a seller to identify the issues related to family structure, buying patterns, buying roles and motives of the family members. The study recommended that families should send their families members to school so as to help them to be well placed in life, as well as making them to purchase product of their choose.
Dewi Salindri., IG. Krisnadi., Krisnanda Theo Primaditya
This article discusses the implementation of the Project of the Rehabilitation Installation of Buru (Inrehab Buru) which removed as many as 9,957 political prisoners of Class B from Java Island to Buru Island. In this place they were totally alienated from all anti-government political activities against the Government of the New Order. Besides, this project was successful in making use of those political prisoners to be able to “berswadaya” dan “berswasembada” in the field of farming (to live on their own efforts and to be self-sufficient in the farming field). Through collective farming system, they fulfilled their daily needs by cultivating rice, palawija (crops planted as second crop in the dry season), salt, gula aren (sugar derived from sap of sugar palm), and rearing animals. The implementation of the collective farming system at the Buru Installation Rehabilitation had a positive impact on the native people of Buru Island by changing their life style from food gathering to food producing. However, it also had a negative impact on the local people. The negative impact was that the sago forests were on the decrease and the hunting grounds were getting narrower and narrower.
Lemuel Anthony A. Mosquito, Therese June V. Aranas
The United States of America is facing a shortage of SPED teachers, according to the U.S. Department of Education (2022), and they need Filipino SPED teachers to close this demand gap. The growing need for skilled teachers in U.S. schools has resulted in a significant influx of international teachers, particularly from the Philippines, to mitigate teacher shortages. Filipino SPED teachers who have decided to teach in South Carolina, USA, found themselves exposed to bigger cultural and personal changes as they transitioned to new social and educational contexts and practical adaptations into new classroom management and teaching methods. Thus, Filipino SPED teachers face the challenge of integrating their professional experiences as they adapt to US classrooms. This study aimed to examine how Filipino SPED teachers in South Carolina adapt their classroom management techniques and teaching methods to meet the students' needs in South Carolina This study employed a qualitative phenomenological technique based on Moustakas' transcendental phenomenology and recruited six Filipino special education teachers to participate in interviews. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, and the findings of the study revealed that the classroom management techniques and teaching methods applied were similar in both U.S. and Philippine Classrooms. However, the participants noticed a contrast in culture and student behavior, in the availability and access to teaching and learning resources and technology, in a shift in teaching approach from teacher-centered to student-centered, and in better admin and peer support in the U.S. The findings also highlighted the importance of adaptability in survival and professional success, a demand for continuous learning, and a need for active collaboration and mentorship to support the learning process of the Filipino special education teachers. The findings of this study serve as a basis for school districts and policymakers to develop programs that would better equip Filipino special education teachers before they teach in U.S. Classrooms.
Dr. Aprell L. Abellana, Helene T. Vegafria
The study aimed to examine the levels of financial literacy, school culture, and attrition among public school teachers in the Pangantucan North and South Districts of the Division of Bukidnon, Philippines during the school year 2024-2025. It also investigated the relationship between school culture and financial literacy to attrition. Lastly, it identified the variables that best predict the attrition of teachers, whether singly or in combination. Descriptive-correlational research design was utilized and employed survey methods utilizing Likert scale. Results revealed that the public school teachers have moderate financial literacy as indicated by the overall mean result. On the other hand, they demonstrated an observed school culture in all sub-variables and as shown in the overall mean consisting of collaborative leadership, teacher collaboration, professional development, and collegial support. Furthermore, the respondents showed a moderate attrition in the overall mean. The correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between the attrition of public school teachers and financial literacy specifically in the knowledge of budgeting. Regression results indicated that knowledge of budgeting also is the single predictor of teachers’ attrition. The findings suggest that enhancing public school teachers' financial literacy, particularly in budgeting, is important in reducing attrition rates and fostering a more supportive school environment. However, workplace condition, burn-out, toxicity, online jobs availability and other factors may play a big role in teachers’ attrition that need to be examined.
Richard Mark Malinao, LPT, MBA
This multi-case study investigates the financial management practices and sustainability of 18 community-based micro-enterprises operating in Barangays Camambugan, Poblacion, Pangpang, and Son-oc in Ubay, Bohol, Philippines. Conducted as a faculty development research initiative at Ubay Community College (UCC), the study draws from consolidated case study data generated by DM102 Financial Management students during their final presentations on April 8, 2026. The enterprises studied represent three business categories: sari-sari stores and mini-groceries, food service establishments, and service-based businesses. Using a qualitative multi-case study design supplemented by descriptive statistics, the research documents financial management behaviors, performance indicators, and sustainability risks. To address the student-generated nature of primary data, a systematic triangulation protocol — cross-referencing case reports, observed behavioral patterns, and theoretical benchmarks — was applied to strengthen validity. Findings reveal that 77.78% of the studied businesses (14 out of 18) lack any formal record-keeping system, relying instead on personal memory and verbal recall. This study theorizes this phenomenon as the Memory-Based Financial System (MBFS) — a distinct, nameable pattern of financial behavior situated within informal economy theory and extending the mental accounting literature through its emphasis on systemic organizational fragility rather than individual cognitive heuristics. Monthly net profits range from ₱910 to ₱25,000 (mean ≈ ₱7,468). Three interconnected themes emerge: financial sustainability is illusory without formal records; financial informality perpetuates a vicious cycle locking businesses out of formal credit; and the college-community economic relationship creates both opportunity and seasonal vulnerability. The study proposes the S.M.A.R.T. Financial Literacy Intervention Framework, operationalized in an integrated conceptual model, as a practical five-component program implementable by UCC in partnership with local government and DTI-Bohol.
Sydney Clever Keremah
This paper aims to explore how the adoption of fintech and the financing of startups affect small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria between 2009 and 2024. The analysis is done using Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS), which examine the long-run association between digital financial services and SME credit access. The results indicate that the impact of mobile payments (MPAY) on SME financing is strong and positive, which indicates that the use of digital payment systems enhances the management of money among SMEs and facilitate their financial operations in general. Conversely, web transfers (WAP) are negatively related to SME credit, suggesting that the use of digital transactions can lower the use of traditional borrowing. The impact of inflation (INF) on SME financing is also negative, that is, an increase in prices leads to the increased difficulty in getting credit by SMEs. Interest rates (INT), on the other hand, are not significantly affected in the long-run in the model. The FMOLS findings are generally consistent with these results but with weaker effects with mobile payments, indicating that even though FinTech is positively associated with financial efficiency, its direct influence on formal credit access is not quite significant when other statistical controls are taken into consideration. In general, it can be concluded that FinTech in Nigeria is transforming the way SMEs manage their finances more than it is widening their access to formal credit. It underscores the necessity to simplify fintech platforms and make them more accessible. Additionally, there should be greater regulatory support by governments and other concerned bodies to instill confidence in digital financial services.
Aisha Majeed Al Balushi, Jokha Nasser Al Kindi, Karima Sayari
The emergence of financial technology (FinTech) has significantly transformed the financial sector, reshaping traditional banking operations and risk management practices. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of Fintech adoption on the operational efficiency and non-performing loan (NPL) percentages of the Omani banking industry. Drawing on secondary data from annual reports from 2015 to 2024, the study aims to provide insights on the role of FinTech in enhancing credit risk management in the banking sector. The study’s regression results indicate a negative, but statistically insignificant, relationship between Fintech adoption and NPLs, with transactional income showing a weak effect on both gross and net NPLs. The model demonstrates strong explanatory power for gross NPLs (R² = 0.9766, p = 0.0023), while the net NPL model shows lower statistical significance (R² = 0.8217, p = 0.1152). These findings suggest that although FinTech contributes to operational efficiency and credit risk assessment, its direct impact on reducing NPLs remains limited in the Omani context. The research contributes to the literature on the fintech revolution in the banking sector by providing policymakers and other stakeholders with useful insights to strengthen operational performance and risk management frameworks in the Omani banking sector.
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Sheena Mae D. Padrones
This study analyses the lived experiences of novice teachers in entrepreneurial cooperative schools in the Philippines. These schools offer a value-oriented alternative to private schools, especially given that so many teachers are burning out. The research was conducted at one cooperative school in the Quezon IV district of Bukidnon. It addresses a critical gap: these schools offer promising teamwork and fortitude but lack sufficient information about why novice teachers choose them, what problems they face, what they gain, and what advice they offer in resource-minimal settings. The aim was to determine why they chose these jobs, what challenges they faced, what benefits they gained, and what advice they would give others. We intentionally selected 15 novice teachers with less than 2 years of on-the-job experience. We conducted open-ended interviews and analyzed excerpts to identify four main themes. They appreciated team support, shared plans, and encouragement/guidance from experienced teachers to get started. But real issues arise: insufficient supplies or technology, extensive responsibilities, pressure to bring in more students through local outreach, and administrative stagnation. Despite all of these, they emerged more resilient, navigating adversity, taking charge of small projects, and developing intrapreneurial leadership to foster institutional sustainability. Their advice was practical to stay flexible, utilize team capacity, and integrate abstract principles with practical applications. The results show that these schools have significant potential but are underdeveloped. The study calls for better training programs, equitable resource distribution and manageable workloads to retain teachers.
Abdulkarim Hussaini
This study examines the impact of fiscal policy instruments on economic growth in Nigeria over the period 1980–2024. The research focuses on government capital expenditure (GCE) and value added tax (VAT) as key fiscal tools influencing real gross domestic product (RGDP), which serves as a proxy for economic growth. Anchored on the Keynesian fiscal policy framework, the study adopts an ex-post facto research design and utilizes annual time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria and the National Bureau of Statistics. To capture both short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationships, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was employed. Prior to estimation, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests were conducted to determine stationarity, while the Johansen cointegration test confirmed the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. The results indicate that all variables are integrated of order one, I(1), and are cointegrated. Empirical findings reveal that, in the short run, government capital expenditure and value added tax exert negative and statistically insignificant effects on economic growth. However, the error correction term is negative and statistically significant, indicating a gradual adjustment toward long-run equilibrium. In the long run, government capital expenditure exhibits a positive but weak influence on economic growth, while VAT remains insignificant. The study concludes that fiscal policy instruments have limited short-run effectiveness but remain important for long-run growth. It recommends improved efficiency in public expenditure, strengthened tax administration, and diversification of revenue sources to enhance sustainable economic growth in Nigeria.
Mokwenyei Chidinma Miriam, Nwachukwu Athanasius Chukwudi, Uzoma Kelechi Promise
This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between fiscal policy instruments and inflation volatility in Nigeria over the period 1990Q1–2024Q2, deploying a sophisticated econometric framework that integrates Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) modelling — including GARCH(1,1), EGARCH(1,1), and GJR-GARCH(1,1) specifications — with Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing and structural break analysis. The core innovation of this study lies in explicitly modelling inflation uncertainty as a time-varying, heteroskedastic process driven by fiscal policy shocks, rather than treating volatility as a nuisance parameter. Using quarterly data on government expenditure (GEXP), total government revenue (GR), fiscal deficit (FD), and the consumer price index (CPI), we find that: (i) inflation in Nigeria exhibits significant ARCH effects and conditional volatility clustering, confirming the validity of GARCH-family models; (ii) government expenditure shocks significantly increase both the level and conditional variance of inflation, with asymmetric leverage effects confirmed by the EGARCH specification — negative fiscal shocks (expenditure contractions) generate disproportionately larger volatility responses than positive shocks of equal magnitude; (iii) fiscal deficit persistently feeds inflation uncertainty, with the GJR-GARCH estimates revealing that deficit shocks above a threshold trigger regime shifts in inflation volatility; (iv) three significant structural breaks are identified — 1999 (democratic transition), 2009 (post-financial crisis fiscal stimulus), and 2020 (COVID-19 emergency spending) — each associated with discrete upward jumps in the GARCH volatility process; and (v) ARDL bounds testing confirms a long-run cointegrating relationship between fiscal variables and inflation, with government expenditure contributing a long-run coefficient of 0.347 and fiscal deficit contributing 0.218 to CPI growth. The findings carry profound implications for fiscal-monetary policy coordination, inflation targeting frameworks, and the design of fiscal rules in oil-dependent economies.
Antonio Ampongan Alteza
This study examines the awareness and perspectives of fisherfolks in Calabanga, Camarines Sur, Philippines, regarding coastal resources and their management. Using a mixed-methods approach—surveys, interviews, and focus groups—data were collected from 150 fisherfolks across three barangays: Bonot, Cagsao, and Sibobo. The research assessed fisherfolks’ knowledge of sustainable fishing practices, their awareness of coastal ecosystems, the challenges they encounter, and their perceptions of coastal resource management (CRM) initiatives. Findings reveal that while fisherfolks demonstrate reasonable awareness of marine life and fishing grounds, they lack sufficient understanding of coral reefs and their ecological functions. Although 98% reported avoiding protected areas, overfishing (49%) and declining fish stocks (43%) remain pressing concerns. Participation in CRM programs is high (85%), yet perceptions of effectiveness are mixed: 39% view them as effective, 32% as somewhat effective, and 23% as ineffective. This discrepancy between participation and perceived outcomes suggests a gap between program implementation and tangible benefits, potentially perpetuating unsustainable practices. The study highlights critical gaps in educational efforts, particularly concerning coral reef conservation, which may undermine long-term sustainability goals. Recommendations include strengthening community involvement in coastal management, enhancing fisheries policy and enforcement, and promoting alternative livelihoods. Targeted training, stricter gear regulations, and awareness campaigns addressing coral reefs and climate change are emphasized. Ultimately, the sustainability of coastal resources and fisherfolk livelihoods in Calabanga depends on management strategies that align with the needs and concerns of the fishing community.
Ahmad Nur Azam Ahmad Ridzuan, Siti Khairunisa Sheikh Abdul Mutalib
Flooding in Malaysia presents a growing financial challenge, with a substantial proportion of losses remaining uninsured and largely dependent on post-disaster government assistance. This study aims to assess the flood risk profile and quantify the financing gap across regional rainfall archetypes using a probabilistic modeling approach. A Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations was employed to generate potential annual flood loss scenarios, incorporating projected urbanization growth and stochastic variability. Key risk metrics, namely Expected Annual Loss (EAL) and Probable Maximum Loss (PML) at the 99.5th percentile, were estimated to evaluate financial exposure. The results indicate significant variation in loss distributions across six regional groups, reflecting differences in rainfall intensity, exposure levels, and elasticity characteristics. At the national level, the EAL is estimated at RM2.63 billion, while the PML reaches RM8.07 billion, resulting in a financing gap of RM5.43 billion. The findings further reveal a right-skewed loss distribution with substantial tail risk concentrated in high-exposure regions. Additionally, diversification effects reduce overall national risk compared to aggregated regional extremes. The study highlights the limitations of deterministic approaches and demonstrates the importance of probabilistic modeling in disaster risk financing. It also emphasizes the need for risk-based premium structures, strengthened reinsurance arrangements, and integrated public–private financing mechanisms to enhance national financial resilience against flood events.
Jay A. Roslinda
This study assessed food safety compliance and hygiene practices among street food vendors in Dapitan City, Philippines, using a quantitative descriptive research design. A total of 57 respondents were surveyed to determine their sanitary practices, food preparation practices, and compliance with permit requirements, as well as to examine differences in these practices when grouped according to profile variables. Findings reveal that most vendors are aged 29–33 years, female, single, high school level, with one year or less in operation, and mainly selling common street foods such as turon, tempura, fish/squid ball, kwek-kwek, French fries, siomai, kikiam, and balut. In terms of sanitary practices, vendors consistently observe proper waste disposal, use of cleaning agents, and personal cleanliness; however, critical practices such as wearing protective gear and consistent handwashing before food handling remain inadequately practiced. Similarly, food preparation practices show partial compliance, with consistent observance of proper serving temperature and chemical separation, but gaps in storage, refrigeration, and safe handling persist. On the other hand, full compliance was observed in permit requirements, with all vendors maintaining valid health certificates and business permits. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in sanitary and food preparation practices, as well as permit compliance, when grouped according to age, sex, marital status, educational attainment, years in operation, and type of street food, indicating uniform practices across all categories. Overall, the study concludes that while regulatory compliance is strong, continuous training and stricter monitoring are essential to improve critical hygiene and food safety practices among street food vendors.
Abdullahi Mohamed Hersi PhD
The Horn of Africa is encompassing Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Sudan, South Sudan, Kenya, and Uganda which constitutes one of the world’s most fragile and conflict affected regions. This paper develops an integrated conflict systems framework that maps cascading interactions among six drivers of regional fragility: climate stress, governance fragility, resource competition, hydro-politics, recognition politics, and external intervention. Using comparative case study methodology across Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Eritrea as primary cases, the analysis traces six cascading pathways linking climate induced livelihood collapse to resource competition, governance overload, hydro-political failure, recognition disputes, and external intervention. An expanded hydro-politics analysis examines the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam dispute, Somalia’s dependence on the Shabelle and Jubba rivers, the absence of Ethiopia Somalia water agreements, the Baardhere Dam dispute, and the 2021 ICJ Somalia Kenya maritime ruling within the framework of international water law. The paper introduces an original composite Horn of Africa Fragility Index and concludes with policy recommendations addressing governance, climate adaptation, transboundary water cooperation, sovereignty disputes, and the management of external intervention.
Ebrima Boye
Media framing is a potent tool in shaping public perception, mainly in transitional democracies where the boundaries of acceptable discourse are contested. The paper presents a comparative content analysis of four Gambian media houses, the state-owned Gambia Radio & Television Services and the independent Kerr Fatou, The Fatu Network, and Alkamba Times – during the period 2024-2025. It investigates how these outlets frame "the Other", defined as entities that are positioned in opposition to the dominant state narratives, including political dissenters, critical journalists, and civil society actors. The findings indicate a stark divergence in framing strategies emanating from ownership structures. The pro-government GRTS consistently deployed legitimising frames, framing government actions as progressive and dissent as a threat to national unity. Independent outlets, on the other hand, utilise accountability and rights-based frames, with state power and restrictive laws emerging as the chief threats to democracy. Other key findings also revealed how digital platforms have transformed the reach of independent frames at immense ethical costs and how the legal and economic constraints continue to disproportionately impact independent media and make them a fragile "Other" within the media landscape. The study concludes that the battle to define "the Other" is central in the fragile democratic consolidation of The Gambia, thus making legal reforms, economic sustainability, and reinforced journalistic ethics urgent imperatives for the nurturing of a media landscape supportive of pluralistic discourses.
Angelika Abando, Cathrine L. Tomas
This study explores the lived experiences and sociolinguistic lexicons of mothers participating in Small Town Lottery (STL) within a local Philippine community. Grounded in phenomenology and sociolinguistics, it examines how participants make sense of their engagement and how language shapes these interpretations. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve (12) purposively selected mothers and analyzed using thematic and lexical approaches. Findings reveal that participation in STL is shaped by an interplay of hope, financial need, perceived risk, and maternal responsibility. Six themes emerged: betting with hope, interpreting signs and numbers, community interaction, emotional experiences of winning and losing, and self-regulation. In addition, STL-specific lexicons such as kalag, pake, and swerte function as operational, social, and interpretive tools that reflect shared meanings and guide participation. The study suggests that STL is not merely a gambling activity but a socially embedded and language-mediated practice. The findings informed the development of an advocacy material aimed at promoting financial awareness and responsible decision-making. These insights contribute to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), and SDG 5 (Gender Equality).
Akaki Kapanadze, Fred Kasirye
This study examines how university–industry (U–I) partnerships in Georgia navigate institutional voids by blending formal contracts with co-creation mechanisms to generate innovation outcomes. Drawing on institutional theory, transaction cost economics, and open innovation perspectives, we test a conceptual model linking institutional voids, co-creation mechanisms, and innovation performance using original cross-sectional survey data from 44 firms actively engaged in U–I collaborations. Hierarchical regression and moderation analyses were employed to assess hypothesized relationships. Co-creation mechanisms (joint research, internships, consortia, and mixed teams) show a positive, marginally significant association with knowledge outcomes, but do not directly translate into commercial outcomes. Institutional voids do not significantly deter co-creation; instead, firms rely on relational governance and trust-based coordination to sustain collaboration. Partnership maturity moderates the institutional voids–co-creation nexus, with longer-standing partnerships better able to leverage co-creation under weak formal institutions. A persistent knowledge–commercialization gap remains, underscoring the limits of relational substitutes in the absence of robust technology transfer infrastructures. The study provides micro-level evidence from a post-Soviet transition economy, demonstrating that hybrid governance—sequencing from relational trust toward formalized structures as partnerships mature—offers the most viable pathway for innovation under institutional voids. It extends governance theory by showing that while co-creation effectively builds absorptive capacity, commercialization requires complementary institutional assets that remain scarce in emerging ecosystems.
Vesel Memedi, PhD
This paper challenges Robert Fogelin’s influential “impossibility thesis,” which posits that “Deep Disagreements” are immune to rational resolution. While Fogelin views these deadlocks as terminal logical failures, this study proposes a structural solution by reconstructing argumentative discourse as a trialogue rather than a traditional dyadic exchange. Using the “Law on the Uses of Languages” in North Macedonia as a contemporary case study, the paper illustrates how ethnic identity and state sovereignty function as clashing tectonic plates, creating a strong “hinge” where rational evidence is swallowed by existential attachment. To bridge this gap, the author introduces the concept of the “Great Attractor,” which is an external force possessing sufficient “gravitational force” to pull disputants out of their isolated orbits. The study concludes that resolution is achieved not by forcing one side to surrender its “truth,” but through a rational collapse toward a higher “meta-framework.” By shifting the focus from horizontal persuasion to vertical alignment with a legitimate third party, this paper argues that even the deepest social stalemates can be rationally managed, transforming potential systemic entropy into a shared orbit of survival.
Kadonsi Kaziya, Saima N. Nakala, Sinyama Martone
Private Christian universities in Zambia widen access and offer mission-driven higher education, yet many remain financially fragile because operating income is concentrated in a narrow set of sources, especially tuition and limited sponsor or church support. Anchored in Resource Dependence Theory, this study develops a Zambia-specific resilience model by first diagnosing dependence and vulnerability profiles and then translating the evidence into practical levers for funding stability. A multiple-case design was applied across six private Christian university cases using documentary analysis of institutional financial and enrolment records for 2023–2024, complemented by 28 semi-structured interviews with senior management, finance, admissions, governance, and sponsor stakeholders. Dependence was quantified using revenue composition and concentration metrics, including top-two revenue share and the Hirschman–Herfindahl Index, while vulnerability was assessed through operating margin, cost-to-income ratio, liquidity, tuition arrears, and enrolment sensitivity. The results show a consistently tuition-centred funding structure, with tuition shares ranging from 62 to 88 percent, accompanied by high revenue concentration (top-two share 0.84–0.96; HHI 0.49–0.78). Financial vulnerability is most acute where concentration co-occurs with weak liquidity, thin or negative operating margins, high tuition arrears, and enrolment decline, indicating that cash conversion failures are a principal pathway through which dependence becomes operational instability. The article contributes an evidence-based resilient funding model that integrates portfolio diversification, cash conversion and liquidity discipline, strategic enrolment positioning, governance and stewardship credibility, and cost productivity reforms, supported by a monitoring dashboard of concentration, liquidity, margin, arrears, and retention indicators. The model provides actionable guidance for institutional leaders and councils and highlights policy implications for student financing and the cost structure of compliance in private faith-based higher education.
Anam Fatima, Prof. Vani Narula
As India faces dual challenges of climate risks and agricultural sustainability, Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCMs) become crucial for engaging farmers in climate solutions. However, the carbon economy raises serious concerns over equity, autonomy, and farmers’ roles in this nascent market. This paper investigates their roles by analyzing current carbon farming projects in India. The findings reveal the market’s dichotomy, with small footprints alongside mega-projects with revolutionary targets. The research identified two farmer-led pathways: high-intensity land use transformation and low-intensity soil health management. The study concludes that agricultural carbon markets should be climate-resilient and equitable, with policy reframed to integrate carbon revenue with co-benefits, advancing rural empowerment.
Mohd Sufian Ab Kadir, Ngau Duo Seng, Norashikin Adam, Syahiru Bin Shafiai
This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the research landscape concerning the fluctuation of the Ringgit Malaysia (MYR) between 1996 and 2026. Utilizing data from the Scopus database and the Biblioshiny platform, the analysis evaluates a dataset comprising 107 documents published across 75 distinct sources. The field is characterized by a high degree of collaborative maturity, evidenced by an average of 2.52 co-authors per document and a significant international co-authorship rate of 23.36%. With a document average age of 11.6 years, the literature reflects an established domain that has evolved through critical economic epochs, including the Asian Financial Crisis and the post-pandemic recovery. Thematic mapping, organized by centrality and density, reveals a highly structured conceptual framework. "Motor Themes" such as the real exchange rate and its relationship with the Japanese yen represent the core intellectual capital of the field. "Basic Themes," including comparative studies with the Indonesian rupiah and Thai baht, highlight foundational transversal topics that remain integral to regional discourse. Conversely, the analysis identifies "Emerging or Declining Themes," specifically the influence of the Chinese yuan and high-frequency daily data on stock returns, suggesting a pivot toward modern volatility modelling. While "Niche Themes" like long-run equilibrium and trade balance show high developmental density, they operate in relative isolation. The findings imply a significant research gap in integrating advanced digital financial metrics into traditional macroeconomic models. Consequently, future scholarly efforts should prioritize interdisciplinary collaborations to transition emerging risk-management theories into established motor themes, addressing the challenges of "digital volatility" in an increasingly connected global economy. This analysis provides a strategic roadmap for researchers to navigate Malaysia’s monetary evolution amidst shifting global economic paradigms.
Dr. Hamid Kbiri
This article argues that thanks to its unique interdiscursive character, American Orientalism, as a hegemonic discourse, constitutes the most realized expression of historical Orientalism. To this end, the article employs an interdiscursive analytical framework to map the specific "tributaries" that feed into and shape present-day American orientalist discourse. The study is systematically structured to define and explore these tributaries across three main analytical sections: firstly, an examination of American Exceptionalism as the primary tributary, encompassing foundational concepts such as the Monroe Doctrine and Manifest Destiny; secondly, an analysis of frontier mythology including the tropes of the "Wild West" and "Indian Country" and their applications to orientalist constructions; and thirdly, an investigation of postwar novel orientalist paradigms, including Modernization and Democratization theories, neo-orientalism, and the "Clash of Civilizations"/new barbarism theses. Through the systematic analysis of these primary discursive streams, the study reveals how American Orientalism operates as a complex interdependent system of colonial and intellectual discourses. In so doing, it demonstrates that post-9/11 imaginaries represent not a departure from but rather an intensification of historical orientalist constructions, employing familiar frontier metaphors and exceptionalist rationale to justify contemporary foreign interventions. By tracing the genealogical connections between Orientalism, America's founding myths and neo-orientalist discourses, this article seeks to illuminate how the United States has inherited and transformed the imperial mantle from declining European colonial powers while infusing it with distinctly American discursive features that are rooted in its own colonial and expansionist history. The findings contribute to understanding how American orientalist constructions that are permeated with national mythologies continue to inform American foreign policy formulation in the Middle-East and beyond.
Rhea Joy S. Alcano
Indigenous learners often encounter significant stress as they transition into unfamiliar urban-based school environments, where differences in culture, language, and academic expectations create multiple challenges. This study aimed to explore the perceived stress, cultural adaptations, and personal growth of Indigenous Peoples (IP) learners who migrated from rural to urban schools, using a qualitative descriptive research design to capture their lived experiences in depth. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve purposively selected participants, ensuring that the information gathered was both relevant and meaningful. Through thematic analysis, the findings revealed that IP learners experienced various forms of stress, including financial constraints, academic adjustments, social pressures, and emotional struggles while studying in urban-based schools. Despite these challenges, the learners demonstrated resilience by employing adaptive strategies such as building peer connections and engaging in self-regulated learning to manage their academic and social demands. These adaptation strategies played a crucial role in helping them navigate their new environment more effectively. Over time, such coping mechanisms contributed to meaningful personal growth, particularly in the development of academic confidence, strengthened resilience, and a greater sense of autonomy in their learning. Based on these findings, the study proposes the use of mediation analysis to examine cultural adaptation as a mediating factor between stress and personal growth. Additionally, exploratory factor analysis is recommended to develop and validate survey instruments grounded in the identified themes, thereby supporting future research and educational interventions designed to enhance the academic experiences and overall well-being of Indigenous learners.
Bakary S. Sonko
Yahya Jammeh's twenty-two-year authoritarian rule in The Gambia came to an end in 2016 with a political transition that was hailed as a new era of accountability and the rule of law. The Janneh Commission of Inquiry (2017–2019), which documented widespread state capture, embezzlement, and illicit asset accumulation and recommended thorough forfeiture and recovery, was essential to this promise. Most of these suggestions were accepted in the government's 2019 White Paper. However, the question of what truly happened to the forfeited assets is still unsettlingly unclear almost ten years after Jammeh's departure. This paper offers the first thorough empirical analysis of the post-Commission asset recovery process, drawing from the 2019 White Paper and the 324-page Final Report of a Special Select Committee of The Gambia's National Assembly (March 2026). It contends that a deep-rooted administrative pathology that persisted through the political shift and methodically undermined each step of the forfeiture and disposal process was the primary cause of the failure of asset recovery rather than a failure of the law. The evidence shows that the promise of accountability has been largely unfulfilled due to an implementation gap caused by a number of factors, including disjointed custodial arrangements, flawed valuation and sales procedures, systematic violations of public finance law, catastrophic record-keeping failures, and lax parliamentary oversight. In order to explain how institutional culture, not just legal frameworks, can sustain impunity and mismanagement even after political transition, the paper develops the concept of "administrative pathology" and provides practical suggestions for bolstering asset recovery mechanisms in fragile democracies.
Bernard Munyao Muiya, Elizabeth Karitu
Inter-clan conflict remains a persistent challenge in many parts of Kenya, yet existing studies often examine its drivers in isolation. This study investigates the interaction between structural conditions and political triggers in shaping inter-clan conflict between the Ndamata and Mururi clans in Embu County, Kenya. Drawing on Resource Scarcity Theory and Conflict Transformation Theory, the study adopts a mixed-methods approach combining survey data (N = 292) and qualitative interviews with key stakeholders. The findings reveal that resource scarcity and historical land grievances constitute the underlying structural conditions of conflict, while political competition—particularly during elections—acts as a critical trigger that activates these tensions. Descriptive results indicate that elections are perceived as the most significant driver of conflict, followed by competition over resources and land disputes. Qualitative evidence further demonstrates how political actors mobilize communities and intensify perceptions of exclusion during electoral periods. Importantly, the study finds no statistically significant differences between the Ndamata and Mururi clans in their perceptions of conflict triggers, suggesting that inter-clan conflict is shaped by shared structural conditions rather than divergent group-specific grievances. Contextual factors such as youth unemployment and social media are found to function as enabling conditions that amplify, rather than independently generate, conflict dynamics. The study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that inter-clan conflict is best understood as the product of interacting structural inequalities and situational triggers. It underscores the need for integrated policy responses that address both the underlying causes of conflict and the political processes that activate them.
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Iry Shy Larren A. Tangcawan
This study explored the narratives of non-education JLSS graduates under the DOST-SEI who rendered their mandatory teaching return of service in secondary schools in Bukidnon Province. Using a qualitative descriptive design with reflexive thematic analysis, the study examined their experiences, successes and accomplishments, struggles and challenges, coping strategies, and recommendations in relation to their teaching responsibilities. Fifteen (15) participants were purposively selected based on their eligibility as non-education JLSS graduates currently or previously assigned as secondary school teachers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and written responses, and were analyzed following Braun and Clarke’s (2019) reflexive thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns across participants’ narratives. Findings revealed five major themes. First, participants initially experienced unfamiliar teaching demands and pedagogical challenges due to limited formal training but gradually adapted through experiential learning, collegial support, and institutional assistance. Second, they derived fulfillment primarily from students’ academic growth and personal development. Third, they encountered pedagogical overload and classroom management difficulties, particularly in lesson planning, instructional design, and behavioral management. Fourth, they employed adaptive coping strategies such as peer support, self-directed learning, and work-life balance to sustain teaching effectiveness. Lastly, they strongly advocated for mandatory pre-service pedagogical training, structured mentorship, and flexible program implementation to enhance teaching readiness and support systems. The study concludes that while non-education JLSS graduates initially face significant adjustment challenges, they progressively develop teaching competence through experience and support systems. However, strengthening pre-service training, mentorship, and institutional support is essential to ensure a smoother transition, improved instructional quality, and more effective implementation of the JLSS return of service program.
Junainah Idris, Muhammad Daniel Shar Kawi Hazim, Ninderpal Singh Balwant Singh, Zaliha Idris
The rapid expansion of social commerce has reshaped digital consumer behaviour, particularly among university students who actively engage with interactive platforms such as TikTok. Despite the growing prominence of TikTok Shop, limited empirical evidence exists on how its platform-specific attributes influence purchase intention within a unified framework. This study addresses this gap by examining the relationships between perceived convenience, perceived usefulness, perceived trust, and online purchase intention among university students in Klang Valley. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Trust Theory, the study provides an integrated perspective on technological and psychological determinants of consumer behaviour in social commerce. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted using data collected from 370 university students through a structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression techniques to assess both the relationships and predictive effects among variables. The results indicate that all three factors, perceived convenience, perceived usefulness, and perceived trust, have significant positive relationships with online purchase intention (p < 0.001). Among these, perceived convenience emerged as the strongest predictor, highlighting the critical role of seamless user experience in influencing consumer decisions. These findings suggest that TikTok Shop’s ability to integrate usability, functional value, and trust-building mechanisms is central to its effectiveness as a social commerce platform. This study contributes to the literature by offering empirical evidence on the combined effects of key determinants within the context of TikTok Shop, an area that remains underexplored. The findings also provide practical insights for platform developers and digital marketers to enhance user experience, strengthen trust, and improve conversion strategies in an increasingly competitive social commerce environment.
Sweta Bauboolall Shibchurn
Geet Gawai, a Bhojpuri folk musical tradition recognised by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016, is far more than a ritualistic and festive communal practice. Indeed, it serves as a vital repository of Bhojpuri-Mauritian history and identity. This study applies Richard Schechner’s (2003, 2020) and other allied scholar’s Performance Theory concepts, particularly those of “restored behaviour,” “The Efficacy – Entertainment braid”, “liminality” (Turner) and “participation,” to explore how Geet Gawai operates as a complex social “performance sequence” and “theatrical” event through which Indo-Mauritians continuously construct, contest, and affirm cultural identity. Drawing on participant observation, interviews, audiovisual documentation, and desktop research, the paper offers a succinct overview of Geet Gawai’s origin in Bhojpuri life-cycle practices, its migration and reconfiguration in Mauritius, and its contemporary presentation in domestic and public spaces. Data collected from these methods also assists in deconstructing Geet Gawai as a performative act. Findings indicate that Geet Gawai transcends the status of a mere cultural artefact and functions as a vital, sophisticated social performative engine for the Mauritian Bhojpuri community. It perpetually restores, adapts, and redefines itself through performances in a diasporic setting while asserting cultural continuity and dynamically negotiating its position within modern Mauritian multiculturalism. It functions simultaneously as a ritual practice, social pedagogy, entertainment, and cultural heritage—maintaining community cohesion even as aestheticisation introduces new layers of interpretation and spectatorship. The paper concludes that Schechner’s performance theory offers a robust framework for analysing ritualistic musical traditions akin to Geet Gawai, providing profound insights into these phenomena not as fossilised traditions but as resilient, living, and adaptive practices vital to cultural sustainability, in which the past actively shapes the present and future.
Dr. Rashmi Choudhuri, Shalki
In today’s interconnected world, digital technologies have become an integral part of daily life, profoundly influencing how individuals communicate, learn, and engage with their surroundings. The proliferation of smartphones, social networking platforms, and instant messaging applications has created a culture where online engagement shapes personal identity, relationships, and lifestyle. This constant connectivity has led to the emergence of digital habits, recurring patterns of technology use that may be either conscious or automatic (LaRose, Lin, & Eastin, 2003). For adolescents, who are among the most active users of digital technologies, these habits play a pivotal role in shaping cognitive, emotional, and social development. Digital habits can be defined as repetitive and often automatic behaviours related to the use of digital devices and platforms (Oulasvirta, Rattenbury, Ma, & Raita, 2012). Such behaviours range from purposeful activities like academic research, skill-building, or creative expression to passive scrolling and prolonged social media use. As these habits become deeply ingrained, they influence attention spans, interpersonal communication, and even self-concept formation (Valkenburg & Peter, 2011). While digital engagement offers substantial benefits, including access to information, social connectedness, and creativity, excessive or unregulated usage has been associated with negative psychological outcomes such as anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality, and decreased well-being (Twenge, 2019; Boer et al., 2021). In the field of psychology, psychological well-being (PWB) is widely recognised as a multidimensional construct encompassing emotional balance, life satisfaction, purpose, and the capacity to manage life’s challenges effectively. Unlike the traditional view of mental health as merely the absence of illness, psychological well-being reflects the presence of positive mental states such as self-acceptance, autonomy, and meaningful social relationships (Ryff, 1989). It represents how individuals perceive and evaluate their lives both cognitively and affectively, and it serves as a vital indicator of overall mental health and quality of life. The relationship between digital habits and psychological well-being has become a central theme in contemporary behavioural research. Studies suggest that the quality and purpose of digital engagement, rather than mere screen time, determine its impact on well-being (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2017). Mindful digital use can enhance emotional resilience and social belonging, whereas compulsive or habitual use can foster dependency and social isolation. For adolescents, who are navigating identity formation and peer relationships, the boundary between healthy and unhealthy digital habits is particularly delicate (Kushlev, Proulx, & Dunn, 2016). Furthermore, gender differences play a significant role in how digital habits manifest and affect mental health. Research indicates that adolescent girls are more likely to engage in social networking activities and report emotional consequences of online interactions, while boys are often drawn to gaming or informational use (Twenge & Martin, 2020). These gender-based variations not only shape the type and intensity of digital engagement but also mediate its psychological effects. In the context of secondary school students, especially in urban centres like Delhi, understanding digital habits is essential for educators, parents, and policymakers. The academic and social environments of these students are increasingly intertwined with digital media, making it imperative to assess how habitual digital behaviours influence learning outcomes, self-esteem, and psychological well-being. By examining the patterns and correlates of digital habits among adolescents, researchers can better identify strategies to promote psychological well-being, which include a balanced, mindful, and healthy relationship with technology.
Anthony, Clement Ogbeh, Dumebi Okuagu, Ihuoma Goodness Dike, Ndorenyin Saviour Udofia, Sandra Ada Collins
Background: This systematic review critically synthesises evidence regarding gender disparities in AI-driven depression detection, emphasising algorithmic bias and its ramifications for women's health. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of six databases (PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science) found 28 studies that met the criteria and were published between 2015 and 2025 Results: The results show that there is a significant disparity in performance between men and women, with models often being less sensitive to depression in women. Bias sources include underrepresentation of female subjects in training data, reliance on male-normative symptom presentation, and feature selection that neglects psychosocial determinants of women's mental health. Conclusion: The review concludes that current AI models risk perpetuating diagnostic inequities, necessitating the development of gender-inclusive datasets and fairness-aware algorithms.
Salam Priyanka Devi
Education serves as a powerful medium for self-development, empowerment, and social mobility. For women in particular, access to education provides opportunities to construct new personal and social identities that extend beyond traditional domestic roles. For women from working-class backgrounds, entering the academic environment often involves navigating complex social and cultural transitions. In many cases, students may feel pressure to distance themselves from aspects of their class identity in order to adapt to dominant academic norms. Academic competence is not solely an innate attribute but is shaped by social interactions, institutional structures, and the perceptions of others. Responses from peers and faculty members can significantly influence students’ confidence, sense of belonging, and academic performance. This study explores the ways in which stereotypes influence the self-concept and academic competence of working-class women in higher education. A qualitative method was employed for this study. Participants’ interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that participants encounter subtle yet persistent socio-cultural barriers in higher education. However, they demonstrate considerable resilience, determination, and ambition in pursuing their educational goals. The study emphasizes the need for further research and greater institutional support to better address gender issues, social-class identity, and competence in women’s academic journeys.
Chunyan Zhong, Wen Wu, Yanhua Zhong, Yanping Chen
The increasing prevalence of mental health issues among college students has become a pressing concern for higher education institutions worldwide. Traditional mental health education models, characterized by one-size-fits-all curricula and reactive crisis intervention, often fail to address the diverse and dynamic needs of individual students. The emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) offers unprecedented opportunities for transforming mental health education from a standardized approach to a personalized, proactive, and scalable system. This study addresses the gap between the potential of GAI and its application in college mental health education by conceptualizing a personalized intervention model. Drawing on a synthesis of existing literature on mental health education, personalized learning, and AI-driven intervention, the study proposes a four-component model comprising: (1) multidimensional student profiling for personalized needs assessment; (2) GAI-powered personalized content generation; (3) adaptive intervention pathways with tiered support levels; and (4) continuous feedback loops for model optimization. The study further analyzes three core mechanisms through which GAI enables personalization: dynamic learner modeling, contextualized intervention design, and empathetic conversational interaction. The proposed model shifts the paradigm from reactive crisis management to proactive psychological nurturing, from group-based instruction to individualized support, and from human-only delivery to human-AI collaboration. Theoretically, this study contributes a systematic framework for understanding GAI applications in mental health education. Practically, it offers actionable guidance for educators, counselors, and policymakers seeking to leverage GAI for improving college student mental health outcomes. Future research should empirically validate the model through longitudinal interventions and examine its effectiveness across diverse student populations.
Connie W. Kivuti, Prof. Eric Aseka
The Failure of Neoliberal Globalization Globalization has often been portrayed as a catalyst for economic growth and integration, yet its impact on Africa tells a different story. Despite decades of engagement with global markets, many African nations remain mired in poverty and economic stagnation. The neoliberal model of globalization, which emphasizes free markets, deregulation, and privatization, has not delivered the anticipated benefits. Instead, it has entrenched structural inequalities and reinforced historical patterns of domination. Scholars such as Aseka ( Aseka 2005 and Aseka 2007) have argued that this system mirrors colonial dynamics, where external forces continue to shape and constrain African development. Koro and Clement (2013) suggest that the root of global crises lies in neglecting the principle of shared human dignity, and they, therefore, advocate for replacing competitive, profit-driven global systems with collaborative frameworks that prioritize empathy, equity, and collective well-being. A central feature of this dynamic is the emergence of corporatocracy, where large multinational corporations wield disproportionate influence over political and economic systems. These entities often operate with minimal accountability, shaping policies and trade agreements to serve their interests. In Africa, this influence is evident in sectors such as mining, agriculture, and telecommunications, where foreign corporations dominate and extract value with limited reinvestment in local economies. This concentration of power undermines national sovereignty and perpetuates dependency, leaving African states with little room to maneuver in shaping their own development trajectories. Ojo et al (2024) contend that globalization has deepened Africa’s developmental challenges by fostering economic reliance on external powers, facilitating the exploitative practices of multinational corporations, and eroding the autonomy of national government While theoretical critiques of globalization and corporatocracy abound, there is a pressing need for empirical research that quantifies their impact. Existing frameworks, such as those proposed by Hardt and Negri, offer valuable insights into the nature of global power, but they often lack concrete data. This study seeks to bridge that gap by examining measurable indicators of inequality, economic diversification, and corporate penetration. By analyzing these variables, the research aims to demonstrate how globalization, mediated through corporate dominance, has exacerbated economic disparities and limited the scope for autonomous development in Africa. In response to these challenges, African governments and regional bodies have introduced policies aimed at reclaiming control over their economies. Initiatives like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) are designed to boost intra-African trade and reduce reliance on external markets. Similarly, local content regulations in industries such as oil and gas aim to ensure that foreign investment contributes to domestic capacity-building. However, these efforts often face significant obstacles, including resistance from powerful corporate interests and structural constraints imposed by global financial institutions. This paper argues that the current form of globalization is not a neutral process but a system of control that deepens inequality and limits sovereignty. By empirically examining the relationship between globalization, corporatocracy, and economic outcomes in Africa, the study contributes to a broader understanding of how global economic structures operate. It also highlights the importance of regional cooperation, policy innovation, and intellectual resistance in challenging these dynamics and forging alternative paths toward equitable development. The findings aim to inform both academic debates and policy decisions, offering a grounded critique of globalization’s promises and its realities.
Eljonn Rolf P. Cabalbag, Joseph V. Tantiado, Mac James E. Davis
The government is one of the fundamental elements of the state, together with sovereignty, population, and territory. However, significant problems facing the modern world are the dynamic nature of the government's role and the governing process. This study measures good governance practices and public trust in Barangay Tibal-og, specifically in transparency, accountability, responsiveness, competence, beneficence, and integrity. Employing a descriptive correlational research design, data were collected from 382 residents of Barangay Tibal-og using validated instruments. The findings showed levels of both good governance practices (mean = 3.97) and public trust (mean = 3.92), with transparency (mean = 4.05) and beneficence (mean = 3.94) rising as the strongest dimensions. A significant positive correlation was identified between good governance practices and public trust (r = 0.599, p < 0.001), suggesting that profound good governance practices influence overall public trust. The study found no statistically significant differences when grouped by age, gender, and length of residency. However, in the educational attainment, the results exhibited that individuals with higher educational attainment interpret and evaluate governance at different levels, thus expecting efficient good governance practices and public trust. These findings underscore the importance of integrated governance and public trust training programs to cultivate a more collaborative and effective community among all residents. Recommendations included implementing targeted workshops, ensuring implementation and adherence to laws, and conducting further research on exploring beneficial variables and qualitative insights into governance and citizens' trust.
Arlene B. Laurel, Christian F. Rafol, Juliet M. Losabio, Niña Rowena C. Morera
Rice is a staple food in the Philippines, and its quality significantly affects consumer preference, market value, and grain grading standards across different regions and local agricultural markets today. However, conventional rice quality assessment commonly relies on manual inspection by trained personnel, making the process time-consuming, subjective, and often inaccessible to ordinary consumers. This study proposes Grainalyze, a mobile-based artificial intelligence-assisted system for rice grain quality assessment using instance segmentation and image-based analysis. Image-based rice quality assessment using computer vision and machine learning techniques has been widely explored in previous studies [1], [7]. A total of 3,885 source images of rice grains were prepared and expanded to 10,135 images through preprocessing and augmentation, then annotated into four grain quality classes: whole grain, broken grain, chalky grain, and discolored grain. The study evaluated Mask R-CNN alongside YOLOv8n-seg, YOLOv8s-seg, and U-Net using standard performance metrics, including Precision, Recall, F1 Score, mean Average Precision, and inference speed. Deep learning-based segmentation approaches have demonstrated strong performance in rice grain classification tasks [11], [19]. Results show that Mask R-CNN achieved the best overall segmentation performance, obtaining 89.89% mean Average Precision, 96.88% precision, 89.89% recall, and a 93.26% F1 Score, demonstrating the most reliable balance between segmentation accuracy and detection performance among the evaluated models. The findings demonstrate that integrating instance segmentation with coin-based measurement calibration, rule-based broken grain detection, Logistic regression for chalky grain identification, and LAB/HSV-based discoloration analysis can provide an effective and accessible approach for automated rice grain quality assessment using smartphone-captured images.
Emily Ayieta Ondondo, George Ochieng Abidha, Walter Ochieng’ Sande
Sentences, being the largest units of language, are useful in talking about events, actions and situations in terms of when they took place, their state of completion as well as the language user’s disposition. These three critical variables, other than being marked by different morphemes, are domiciled within the predicate which may or may not comprise both the main verb and an auxiliary. These three grammatical categories that are considered language universals, are marked differently by different languages and are also known to greatly influence the syntax and the semantics of any given type of sentences. Dholuo, a Western Nilo-Sahara language spoken in the Western part of Kenya and also in other countries in East Africa has its unique way of marking and expressing tense, aspect and modality. Since this has not been conclusively described and documented, this paper sought to describe, examine and explain the realisation of these three categories in conditional sentences in Dholuo. This study used descriptive-analytic research design and adopted Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) theory for its theoretical framework. The data upon which the findings were based on, was collected using elicitation frame administered on two native speakers and verified by the author as a native speaker of Dholuo. The data analysis adopted was both thematic and textual analysis to explain the manifestation and the ordering of the three grammatical paradigms within the predicates of the different categories of conditional sentences in Dholuo. The data showed that Dholuo has three distinct morphemes- ne, se, and de, that are used within the verb complex to mark tense, aspect and modality respectively in a manner that reflects the interplay between morphology, syntax and semantics. These findings make a contribution to the knowledge on Dholuo grammar generally and conditional sentences in Dholuo in particular.
Ime Okon Etukudo, Ndifreke S. Umo-udo, Udosen, Nsikak M
The intensification of great power competition (GPC) between the United States and China marks a systemic transformation in international politics. This article applies Power Transition Theory (PTT) and Neorealism to explain the structural drivers, strategic behaviors, and potential trajectories of Sino–American rivalry. While PTT explains the timing and danger of systemic conflict as power parity approaches, Neorealism elucidates balancing behavior, alliance formation, military modernization, and security dilemmas. The article argues that contemporary U.S.–China competition is structurally embedded, multidimensional, and likely to persist over decades. Although nuclear deterrence and economic interdependence reduce the probability of total war, flashpoints—particularly Taiwan and technological rivalry—present serious escalation risks.
Dr. Ahmed A M AlAfifi., Dr. Mohammed Jahangir Ali
The study aims examined the green finance mechanisms effect on renewable energy growth, through analyzing the mediating role of Omani smart infrastructure. The study narrowed research gap through linking the three variables together in transitional economies. Oman is considered as a unique case because of its modern legislative environment, which mentioned in the "Sustainability Finance Framework," and within "Vision 2040." The study used a descriptive analytical approach, distributing a Likert scale questionnaire to a purposive sample of 120 experts in the energy and finance sectors, with reliability and validity tests. The significant of study is considered as a benchmark model illustrating how green finance contributes to the digitalization of electricity grids to improve the efficiency of solar and wind energy. The study’s results found that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the availability of green finance tools and the development of smart infrastructure, which accelerates the achievement of net-zero carbon neutrality goals.
James L. Paglinawan, Raniel E. Arnado
This phenomenological study examines mentors' perspectives on preservice teachers' (interns') use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in instructional delivery during practicum in public schools under the DepEd Division of Bukidnon, Philippines. The study details mentors' views on AI in lesson planning, activities, and assessments. It also identifies challenges from AI reliance, including gaps in content depth, learner adaptation, and classroom dynamics. The study reviews strategies, feedback, and interventions to strengthen interns' pedagogical skills alongside AI. A qualitative design captured the lived experiences of 20 purposefully selected mentor teachers. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire via Google Forms. Thematic analysis included transcription, coding, categorization, and theme development. Mentors observed that AI-enhanced lessons were more efficient and engaging, thanks to professional materials such as visuals, quizzes, and presentations. However, they found it hard to judge interns' real abilities because polished outputs often hid weaknesses in critical thinking, personal explanation, and live delivery. Key strategies were oral explanations, contextual adaptation, manual elements, creativity, and post-lesson reflection methods meant to balance technology with human skills. Mentors advised using AI as a preparation aid, not a classroom replacement, and emphasized qualities like empathy, improvisation, and learner connection that are irreplaceable. The study recommends that teacher education institutions and DepEd collaborate on ethical AI training. It also suggests revising practicum evaluations to focus on delivery over aesthetics, requiring AI disclosure and personalization, and creating peer forums to support human-centered teaching amid digital advances.
Fatemeh Safarnejad
This study investigates the translation of happiness and sadness metaphors in Simin Daneshvar’s Savushun by comparing two English translations: Mohammad Reza Ghanoonparvar’s Savushun and Roxane Zand’s a Persian Requiem. Translating metaphor is among the most demanding problems in literary translation because figurative meaning is constituted not by wording alone but by the interaction of embodied cognition and cultural context. These pressures intensify when the metaphors encode emotion; happiness and sadness are expressed through imagery that varies substantially across cultures in ways that resist lexical equivalence. This study examines how metaphorical expressions belonging to these two domains in Simin Daneshvar's Savushun were rendered in two English translations: Mohammad Reza Ghanoonparvar's 1990 version and Roxane Zand's 1991 A Persian Requiem. A parallel corpus was assembled from the Persian source text and both target versions. Metaphorical expressions were identified using Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) and the Metaphor Identification Procedure (Pragglejazz Group, 2007), then classified into six categories: (1) similar conceptual mapping with similar metaphorical expression, (2) similar mapping with different expression, (3) different mapping with similar expression, (4) different mapping with different expression, (5) non-metaphorical rendering, and (6) omission. Frequency counts and proportional comparisons were run across all categories for both translators. Sadness metaphors appeared at nearly twice the rate of happiness metaphors in the source text. Both translators neutralized metaphors more often than they preserved them; non-metaphorical rendering (Category 5) was the dominant strategy in both versions. The translators' preferences diverged: Ghanoonparvar held closer to source-domain imagery; Zand applied paraphrase and omission more frequently. Conceptual equivalence proved more recoverable than lexical equivalence. The findings show that sadness metaphors occurred substantially more often than happiness metaphors in the source text. Both translators preserved many source metaphors but differed in strategic preference: one retained metaphorical imagery more consistently, while the other more frequently employed neutralization and paraphrase as target-oriented strategies. The most common strategy in both translations was preservation of conceptual meaning with altered lexical form. The findings suggest that metaphor translation from Persian into English is shaped by conceptual compatibility and translator decision-making alongside linguistic equivalence. These results are discussed in relation to domestication and foreignization as broader orientations in literary translation. The study's scope and generalizability are limited by corpus size, domain selection, and single-analyst coding, and these constraints are addressed in the limitations section.
Chua Wei Chuan, Harwati Hashim, Melor Md Yunus
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools, specifically ChatGPT, has garnered considerable interest in the field of English as a Second Language (ESL) as demand grows in recent times. The introduction of ChatGPT has transformed the assessment landscape, thus marking the beginning of a new era in AI-assisted assessment. While existing research has largely addressed the comparison of ChatGPT and human raters with regards to assessment, limited study has focused on customised GPTs and the context of Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR). To address this gap, this paper investigates the effectiveness of a customised GPT as a formative and summative assessment tool in a CEFR-aligned written task pitched at B2 CEFR level. Adopting a quantitative research design, the respondents’ attitudes towards using the GPT for formative assessment were examined through a questionnaire administered to 31 English teachers. In parallel, the scores assigned by the GPT and the teachers for the same writing tasks were compared via inter-rater reliability analysis. Findings revealed that the respondents hold a generally positive view regarding the effectiveness of GPT in providing formative feedback. However, the results also indicated that the GPT demonstrates a moderate level of agreement with the teacher scores in most assessment constructs. The data further emphasized the need of prompt engineering in developing the GPT to be an effective formative and summative assessment assistant for teachers. This paper concludes by discussing the practical implications of employing the customised GPT in assessment, thereby contributing to the discourse on AI-assisted assessment.
Aizle F. Eres
This study aimed to explore and understand the lived experiences of career firefighters during firefighting operations at the Jordan Fire Station in the Province of Guimaras. Specifically, it examined their experiences, challenges, coping mechanisms, and aspirations in real-life emergency situations. A qualitative phenomenological research design was employed to capture the depth and meaning of the participants’ lived experiences. The study involved five (5) Bureau of Fire Protection personnel selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through face-to-face semi-structured interviews using a validated interview guide and were analyzed using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s framework.
Fang Bowen, Weixing Xu
Against the backdrop of high-quality development becoming a central orientation of China’s economic governance, the development of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has attracted growing scholarly attention because these firms simultaneously embody market-oriented operational attributes and public missions. From a social value perspective, this study critically reviews the literature on the high-quality development of Chinese SOEs. The review shows that the existing literature has evolved along three major lines: mixed-ownership reform and governance optimization, digital transformation and organizational capability upgrading, and the extension of evaluation boundaries through ESG performance and social value creation. Overall, the research trajectory has shifted from traditional performance evaluation toward multidimensional assessments of development quality, and from analyses centered on institutional reform to an integrated institution-capability-outcome perspective. However, important limitations remain, including blurred conceptual boundaries, the lack of a unified measurement framework, and insufficient integration of explanatory mechanisms. In particular, social value still lacks stable and replicable operational indicators. Future research should therefore strengthen conceptual integration and indicator refinement, deepen mechanism identification and heterogeneity analysis across different SOE types, and broaden both methodological approaches and comparative perspectives. This review clarifies the intellectual trajectory of the literature on the high-quality development of Chinese SOEs and provides a basis for future theoretical development and empirical inquiry.
Cheng_Yoke, Tan, Gui Chu
In the context of China’s Rural Talent Revitalization Strategy and mounting employment pressures on college graduates, this study examined how rural-origin students form homecoming employment intentions. Drawing on qualitative-led mixed methods with 11 participants from Guizhou, the findings revealed a strong yet conditional willingness shaped by economic, social, familial, and personal push-pull factors. The study extended Push-Pull Theory by incorporating psychological and cultural dimensions. From a policy standpoint, the results pointed to the importance of strengthening policy communication and improving rural job quality to better align student aspirations with rural revitalization goals. By focusing intently on the formative process of career intention within the high-stakes context of Rural Revitalization, this study contributed not only to academic knowledge but also to inform more effective and empathetic strategies for engaging the next generation in the vital work of rural reconstruction.
Dr. Liz Johnson
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly moving into physical environments through kiosks, avatars, and holographic systems. While significant research has focused on model performance, less is understood about how the form of AI systems influences human interaction. This study examines the impact of embodiment by comparing user interactions with a holographic AI assistant and a screen-based avatar deployed at CES. Observational and interaction data reveal that the holographic system consistently elicited longer engagement, more exploratory questioning, and greater user interaction than the screen-based system. Notably, these differences occurred despite both systems using the same underlying AI model. The findings suggest that embodiment shapes user behavior independent of system functionality. This work contributes a practical framework for evaluating embodied AI systems and highlights the importance of considering physical form in the design of future human–AI interactions. This work presents a behavioral evaluation framework for embodied AI systems that leverages interaction time, question style, user behavior, and language use.
Caroline Awuor Odhuno, Kenneth Lawrence Wanjau, Richard Muthii Kiai
Universities are increasingly expected to translate Human Capital Development (HCD) into Technological Innovation (TI), yet limited empirical evidence exists on the mechanisms through which this relationship operates. In particular, the role of intermediary structures in linking human capital and innovation remains insufficiently examined. This study investigates Innovation Intermediaries Development (IID) as both a mediating and moderating construct in the association between HCD and TI in Kenyan universities. A cross-sectional quantitative design based on perceptual data is adopted. Data from 284 respondents across Kenyan universities are analysed using covariance-based structural equation modelling (SEM) in IBM SPSS Amos. The study tests a consolidated model incorporating direct, mediating, and moderating associations among HCD, IID, and TI. The findings indicate that HCD is positively and significantly associated with TI (β = 0.181, p = 0.019) and IID (β = 0.570, p < 0.001), while IID is also positively associated with TI (β = 0.299, p < 0.001). In addition, IID significantly mediates the association between HCD and TI (β = 0.102, p = 0.001) and moderates the relationship (β = 0.265, p < 0.001), such that the association between HCD and TI is stronger at higher levels of IID. Institutional age is also positively associated with TI (β = 0.119, p = 0.001). The study concludes that intermediary development is associated with the relationship between HCD and technological innovation in universities. The findings suggest that universities and policymakers may complement investments in human capital with efforts to strengthen intermediary structures, such as innovation hubs and technology transfer offices, to support innovation-related activities.
Jibrin E. I., Jibrin, M. D., Waziri B. K.
This comparative study evaluates the impact of the Basic Healthcare Provision Fund (BHCPF) on primary healthcare service utilization in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The study assesses the differences in healthcare service utilization before and after the implementation of BHCPF, with a focus on vulnerable populations. Data were collected from the 147 BHCPF primary healthcare funded facilities, stakeholders that included healthcare personnel, and community members through surveys, interviews, and observations. The findings indicate an insignificant increase in healthcare service utilization, particularly among vulnerable populations, after the implementation of BHCPF. The study also identifies challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, insufficient healthcare personnel, and inefficient financial management systems. The results suggest that BHCPF has the potential to improve primary healthcare service utilization in Nasarawa State, but addressing the identified challenges is crucial to sustaining the gains. The study's findings have implications for policy and practice, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to strengthen primary healthcare systems and ensure that the benefits of BHCPF reach the most vulnerable populations.
Atuluku Reuben, Ibe Sunday, Prof. Suleiman A. S Aruwa
This study assessed the effect of digital platforms on Supply Chain Efficiency (SCE) at Jumia Nigeria, focusing on three key independent variables: Logistics and Service Delivery (LSD), E-payment System (EPS), and Integrated Warehousing (ITW). A cross-sectional research design was adopted, with data collected from 186 staff members across key digital and supply chain operations (Supply Chain Managers & Logistics Partners, E-commerce Operations & IT Specialists, and Warehouse Staff) at Jumia Nigeria’s Lagos facilities, using a structured questionnaire administered via Google Forms. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 3 was employed for data analysis. Results showed that Integrated Warehousing exerted the strongest positive effect on SCE (β = 0.698, t = 62.079, p = 0.000), followed by E-payment System (β = 0.286, t = 38.311, p = 0.000). Logistics and Service Delivery had a positive but non-significant influence (β = 0.022, t = 2.260, p = 0.052). The model explained 99.5% of variance in SCE (R² = 0.995), measured via order-fulfillment speed, inventory turnover ratio, and delivery satisfaction. These results indicated that the strategic deployment of digital platforms across logistics, finance, and storage functions is a critical driver of enhanced supply chain performance at Jumia Nigeria. This study recommends prioritizing investment in advanced digital logistics technologies to boost order fulfillment speed, optimizing e-payment integration for faster financial flows and stock replenishment, and expanding the use of Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) to improve inventory turnover and accuracy.
Dr. Jaspreet Singh
In an era marked by technological disruption, global competition, and increasing customer expectations, digital transformation has emerged as a pivotal enabler of supply chain efficiency and resilience. This study, titled “Impact of Digital Transformation on Supply Chain Efficiency,” explores how the adoption of advanced digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, and Big Data Analytics has reshaped the performance, transparency, and agility of supply chains. A mixed-method research design was employed, combining quantitative analysis with qualitative insights. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 100 professionals across manufacturing, logistics, retail, and e-commerce sectors in India. Out of these, 92 valid responses were received, reflecting a response rate of 92%, while 8 were discarded due to incomplete or inconsistent data. The study used SPSS for statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression tests, alongside thematic content analysis of qualitative data. The findings of the study indicate a strong positive relationship between digital maturity and supply chain efficiency (r = 0.78, p < 0.01). Regression results revealed that digital initiatives explained 61% of the variance in operational performance (R² = 0.61). AI-driven forecasting reduced demand variability by 22%, IoT-based tracking minimized stockouts by 18%, and Blockchain adoption increased transparency by 28%. However, challenges such as integration complexity, data security, and skill gaps persisted. Qualitative insights underscored that organizations with a culture of innovation and collaborative digital leadership demonstrated faster adaptation and stronger performance improvements. The study concludes that digital transformation is not merely a technological evolution but a strategic reinvention of the supply chain ecosystem. To maximize its benefits, organizations must align technological investments with human capital development and data-driven decision-making. Implications for future research include assessing long-term sustainability outcomes of digital supply chains, studying sector-specific digital maturity models, and evaluating AI’s predictive capabilities in risk management and green logistics.
Ayo-Sobowale, Mopelola Omotayo
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of entrepreneurship education on employment creation of undergraduate students from South-West of Nigeria. The states were Lagos State, Ogun and Oyo States respectively. The study was carried out on 3082 final year students in 9 Federal, State and Private universities comprising of University of Lagos, Lagos State University and Caleb University (Lagos State); Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Tai Solarin University of Education and Covenant University, Otta (Ogun State); University of Ibadan, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology and Ajayi Crowther University (Oyo State). The study was mixed method in nature; data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive analysis used were frequency tables, mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient; the inferential statistics adopted was multiple regression model to test the hypotheses. The results from the hypotheses showed that there exists a significant relationship between entrepreneurship education (CP, TM and EIA) and employment creation of university graduates in Nigeria: F(3078) = 3455.633; ρ<0.001, R²=0.771, and ∆R²=0.771. The analysis showed that CP significantly predicted the EC of university graduates in Nigeria (ß=0.442, t(3081)=25.147,ρ<0.001); TM significantly predicted EC of university graduates’ in Nigeria (ß=0.414, t(3081)=19.223,ρ<0.001); and EIA significantly predicted the EC of university graduates’ in Nigeria (ß=0.043,t(3081)=3.732,ρ<0.001). This implied that CP, TM and EIA accounted for 77.1% of the variance in Employment Creation (EC) of university graduates in Nigeria. The study revealed that EE have a significant impact on EC of university graduates in Nigeria. The study thus recommended that EE at the universities should be the core action to be taken in respect of EC, this simply implies that there should be a direct linkage between EE and EC. Also, skills appropriate for EC should be emphasized more in the curriculum.
Hadiza Mali Bukar PhD, Haruna Shuaib Musa, Kachalla Bura Lumami
ABSTRACT When water exceeds a dry area and cannot be absorbed by the ground, flooding occurs. Flooding is a yearly occurrence that has caused millions of people to be relocated globally, as well as the loss of lives and property, this study centers on assessing the impact of flooding on the livelihood of women in Damaturu local government of Yobe State. The study will assess impact of Flooding on women livelihood. The study is anchored around Human ecology theory and gender and development theory. This study is rooted in the interpretivist philosophy adopting a qualitative approach with a phenomenology research design aimed to explore the experience of women with respect to flood on their livelihood. In-depth interview technique was used to collect the primary data for this study and thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the data for this study. The findings of the study revealed that there is loss of livelihood and economic disruption among women in Damaturu of Yobe State, the findings revealed that Food Insecurity and many women were struggling to meet basic needs as a results of the reoccurrence of flooding in Damaturu local government. Therefore, the study conclude that flooding have significantly affected the livelihood of women in Damaturu local government. Based on this, the study recommended that, there is the need for stake-holder intervention to address the livelihood challenge facing women in Yobe State.
, Adedamola Makanjuola, Abimbola Makanjuola Agbola, Emmanuel A. Y. Samuel
The development of entrepreneurship and small-scale businesses has led to economic growth in most countries and it is safe to say that entrepreneurship is an important driving force of business growth. Government policies can either make or break the growth of entrepreneurship and small-scale businesses. This study examines the Impact of Government Policy on Entrepreneurship Growth and Development of Small-Scale Businesses in Jos-South and Jos-North local government area of Plateau state. The population of 400 small businesses was sampled 200 in Jos-South and 200 in Jos-North. The descriptive survey research was adopted. The primary data methodology was used through the aid of a well-structured questionnaire and interviews. The Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was used to analyze the sourced data from the field to answer the research questions raised for the study. The independent variable in this study is government policy measured by entrepreneurship policy interventions, fiscal and monetary policies while the dependent variable is entrepreneurship and small scale business growth and development. Findings from this study shows that entrepreneurship policy interventions have not significantly contributed to business growth due to weak implementation, limited access, and inadequate infrastructure. Monetary policy shows a partial effect, mainly through credit provision, but lacks strong influence on broader economic conditions. In contrast, fiscal policy demonstrates a relatively strong positive effect, particularly in promoting output growth and economic stability. This study recommends that Strengthen Policy Implementation Frameworks, Increase Access to Affordable Financing and Enhance Infrastructure Development.
Dr O A Afolabi, Mr Mudashiru A S
The study examined the impact of infrastructure deficiency on logistics and supply chain efficiency in Nigeria, using Eddie International Limited as a case study. The research employed a descriptive survey design and purposively sampled 300 staff members across various departments of the company due to their accessibility and relevance to the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and relevant conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literature was reviewed to provide contextual support. Descriptive statistics and inferential tools such as Chi-square Pearson correlation were utilized in testing the study’s hypotheses. Findings revealed a significant relationship between transportation infrastructure and logistics/supply chain efficiency within Eddie International Limited. Additionally, power and ICT infrastructure were found to significantly influence warehousing and distribution performance. However, infrastructure-related costs were not found to significantly affect the competitiveness of logistics service providers in the organization. The study also established that general infrastructure deficiencies significantly hinder the operational performance of the logistics and supply chain sector in Nigeria. The study concluded that infrastructure development is a key determinant of logistics efficiency, operational cost reduction, and competitiveness in the Nigerian logistics industry. It was recommended that government and private stakeholders prioritize strategic investments in transportation, power, and ICT infrastructure to support the growth of logistics operations and supply chain effectiveness in Nigeria
Moses Katebe, Phillip Mubanga, Uchechukwuka Iluba Otiono
Liquidity management is a critical determinant of financial stability and performance in the banking sector, particularly in emerging economies characterised by macroeconomic volatility and evolving regulatory frameworks. This study examines the relationship between liquidity management and financial performance of commercial banks in Zambia using panel data spanning the period 2019-2023. A quantitative research design is adopted, incorporating financial ratio analysis, trend analysis, and Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation to assess the relationship between liquidity indicators and profitability measures. The study evaluates three anonymised bank tiers. The Large Tier A Bank, Tier B Bank, and Tier C Bank classified based on market positioning and supervisory segmentation principles. The findings reveal a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between liquidity and financial performance across all bank tiers, with correlation coefficients of 0.94, 0.78, and 0.99 respectively. The coefficient of determination indicates that liquidity explains up to 98 percent of profitability variation in smaller banks. However, the results also confirm the existence of a liquidity profitability trade-off, where excessive liquidity holdings reduce earnings due to underutilised funds. While a regression framework is specified, the empirical analysis primarily relies on correlation techniques; therefore, the findings should be interpreted as indicative of association rather than strict causality. The study contributes to the limited empirical literature in emerging economies by introducing a tier-based liquidity performance framework and provides policy-relevant recommendations for regulators and financial institutions.
Alliah Colyn P. Amurao, Christine Jane C. Santiago, Daniel M. Mangalinao, Gerlon L. Salvador, Michelle G. Campos
This research study aimed to determine the impact of logistics service quality on customer behavior in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija. It specifically aimed to determine the respondents’ level of agreement with the timeliness, quality, and availability of logistics services as well as how these variables affect customer behavior based on attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. The study also examined whether there is a significant relationship between logistics service quality and customer behavior. A descriptive research method was used, and data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire administered to 100 respondents who actively use logistics services, either for e-commerce shopping, personal use, or business transactions. The findings showed that most respondents agreed that the logistics services were reliable, especially in terms of availability. Among the variables, the ability of logistics providers to offer on-demand delivery, flexible scheduling, and broad delivery coverage was rated the highest. The results showed a significant relationship between logistics service quality and customer behavior, indicating that improvements in service quality may lead to positive customer attitudes, stronger social influence, and greater perceived control over logistics-related decisions. These findings suggest that logistics companies must prioritize consistent, accessible, and customer-centered services to enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty. The results of this study may serve as a reference for logistics providers, online businesses, and other stakeholders in developing strategies that address customer expectations and improve overall service performance.
Frances Nicole V. Pelicano, Janine S. Manalili, Janna Crista A. Justo, John Kenneth M. Hipolito, Mico G. Agustin
The study, "Impact of Online Reviews and Ratings on Shopee on the Purchasing Intention of Customers in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija," examined how online information—specifically reviews and ratings—influenced customer purchasing decisions. The e-commerce industry experienced significant growth in recent years, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Platforms such as Shopee gained an unprecedented number of users. Online reviews and ratings emerged as influential tools, offering accessible insights regarding product quality, customer satisfaction, and seller reliability—factors that heavily influenced purchasing decisions. Although awareness of online evaluations is widespread, previous research indicated that gaps remain in understanding customers' perceptions of these reviews and, more importantly, how those perceptions influence their intent to purchase. This study focused on Shopee users in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, aged 18 and above, who had completed at least one transaction on the platform within the past three months. It investigated both central cues (e.g., content quality and accuracy) and peripheral cues (e.g., visuals and star ratings) to determine how these factors aligned with the respondents' agreement or disagreement with reviews. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study further examined how review perceptions correlated with three key components of purchase intention: attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. A descriptive quantitative method was employed, using a Likert-scale questionnaire to gather data. Spearman's rho correlation test was utilized for analysis. Results revealed statistically significant relationships (p < .001) between both central and peripheral cues and all three behavioral components. In conclusion, respondents who placed trust in and reacted positively to reviews—and who were influenced by peer opinions and their own confidence in making purchase decisions—demonstrated a significantly higher intention to buy.
Allyssa Mae C. Santiago, Bea Joy O. Panugan, David M. Mangalinao, Erika Eunice D.R. Soriano, Ernestina S. Cabanding
In today’s economy, rising food costs and the growing need to support local agriculture have made price sensitivity a critical factor in consumer decision-making. This study, titled “Impact of Price Sensitivity on Locally Produced Vegetables on Consumer Buying Decision,” was conducted in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, with the goal of understanding how local consumers respond to the pricing of locally grown vegetables and how this affects their buying behavior. A quantitative research design was employed, using purposive sampling to target individuals who regularly purchase locally produced vegetables. Data were collected through a structured survey and analyzed using weighted mean to determine levels of agreement, as well as Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Kendall’s Tau to assess the relationship between price sensitivity and consumer buying decisions. The findings revealed that most consumers strongly agreed that price is a vital factor in their purchasing decisions. Both price importance and price search behavior significantly influenced consumer preferences, confirming that affordability and perceived value are key considerations. Based on these findings, the researchers recommend that local farmers and retailers adopt competitive yet sustainable pricing strategies to attract price-sensitive consumers. Government agencies and policymakers are also encouraged to support initiatives that promote affordable access to locally grown produce. Ultimately, this research contributes to strengthening the local economy, promoting environmental sustainability, and serving as a valuable foundation for future studies on consumer behavior and local food systems.
Ginige S. R., Silva P. G. T.
Services, which play a vital role in the global and Sri Lankan economies, face many challenges in maintaining a consistent service quality compared to manufacturing firms. Even though the SERVQUAL model is widely used to measure service quality, its generalised structure has limited its applicability to specific industry contexts. This has led to the development of industry-specific service quality models such as HOLSERV. However, the role of the servicescape and its impact on perceived service quality are inadequately explored, as are the interdependencies among HOLSERV service quality dimensions. The current study is expected to address this gap by examining the direct impact of the servicescape on perceived service quality and the mediating role of intangible factors in the hotel industry in Galle, Sri Lanka. The study adopts a positivist philosophy and a deductive, quantitative approach, collecting data from 110 hotel visitors using a structured survey questionnaire with a 7-point Likert scale, and analysing the data using PLS-SEM and SPSS. The findings of the study showcase that servicescape has a significant positive effect on service quality and strongly influences intangible factors, which in turn significantly affect service quality, confirming a partial mediation effect, with the model demonstrating substantial explanatory power. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by clarifying the role of servicescape in an industry-specific service quality model. Further, the mediating role of intangible factors is highlighted, suggesting that high investments in both the servicescape and employee performance are needed to enhance overall service quality
Anisha J. S., Dr. K. Kaavya
This study investigates the influence of treasury and financial management practices on the organizational performance of NLC India Limited (NLCIL), a central public sector undertaking operating in India's mining and power generation sector. Treasury operations—spanning cash flow management, liquidity control, and financial risk management—constitute critical determinants of a firm's financial health and strategic resilience. Using primary data gathered from 111 respondents through a structured questionnaire, the study employs percentage analysis, mean score analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis via IBM SPSS Statistics. Results demonstrate that robust treasury practices, particularly disciplined cash management, proactive liquidity planning, and integrated financial control mechanisms, positively influence organizational performance. The correlation coefficient (r = 0.501, p < 0.01) confirms a statistically significant moderate relationship between treasury practices and performance outcomes. On this basis, the study recommends that NLCIL invest in treasury automation, strengthen risk management protocols, and adopt advanced financial information systems to sustain operational efficiency and long-term growth.
Bolatkyzy Ayazhan
This study explores the implementation of English-Medium Education (EME) reform in Kazakhstan’s secondary schools, focusing on teachers’ perspectives on policy interpretation, practice challenges, and support needs. Using a qualitative comparative case-study design with semi-structured interviews as the core research method, 12 teachers from two contrasting schools (an elite international school and a mainstream public school) in Almaty were interviewed. Data analysis revealed three key findings: (1) Teachers in international schools interpret EME as a “global integration tool” aligned with international curricula, while public school teachers view it as a “pragmatic requirement” and adapt via code-switching and material translation; (2) Public school teachers face systemic barriers including limited English proficiency, inadequate CLIL training, and scarce English-language materials, whereas international school teachers encounter minor cultural adaptation challenges; (3) Both groups need context-specific professional support, with public school teachers prioritizing basic language training and resources, and international school teachers seeking cross-cultural teaching guidance. This study concludes that EME reform in Kazakhstan is unevenly implemented partly due to resource and training inequalities. To promote greater equity, policymakers may consider targeted funding for public schools and differentiated professional development programs. The research contributes to understanding teacher experiences in multilingual education reform and offers practical insights for EME policy refinement.
Gladys S. Escarlos, Jemboy R. Hermogenes
The implementation of the Strengthened Senior High School (SHS) Curriculum in the Philippines represents a major reform initiative aimed at improving inclusivity, relevance, and quality in secondary education. This systematic review examined existing literature, policy documents, and implementation reports related to the strengthened SHS curriculum to determine its potential in addressing limitations of the previous curriculum under the K to 12 program. Findings revealed that the former SHS curriculum faced challenges such as limited alignment with labor market demands, insufficient preparation for higher education, inadequate teacher training, and barriers to inclusive education for marginalized learners, indigenous communities, and students with special needs. In response, the strengthened curriculum introduces streamlined tracks, digital literacy, global competencies, life skills, flexible learning pathways, differentiated instruction, and stronger integration of technical-vocational competencies. The review was anchored on relevant Department of Education memoranda, including policies on pilot and full implementation, teacher training, and curriculum mapping. Results suggest that the strengthened curriculum has strong potential to enhance learner preparedness for employment, higher education, and lifelong learning while promoting equitable access to quality education. However, challenges remain in teacher readiness, resource allocation, technological infrastructure, and regional disparities in implementation. The review emphasizes that successful implementation requires sustained policy support, equitable distribution of resources, continuous professional development, and collaboration among DepEd, local government units, industry partners, parents, and communities. Overall, the strengthened SHS curriculum is a promising step toward a more inclusive, future-ready, and responsive Philippine education system, though its long-term effectiveness depends on consistent monitoring, evaluation, and evidence-based policy refinement.
Adonis S. Besa, PhD, Pelayo, Marlene C.
This study examined the implementation of digitalization in Local Civil Registry Offices (LCROs) in General Santos City, Koronadal City, and Kidapawan City (GenKorKid) in Region XII. Guided by Policy Implementation Theory, SERVQUAL Model, Digital Era Governance, and the Technology Acceptance Model, the study assessed the extent of digitalization, customer satisfaction, challenges encountered, and differences among cities. A descriptive-correlational design was used involving LCRO employees and customers. Data were gathered through a validated researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings showed that digitalization in the three LCROs was moderately implemented, indicating that digital transformation remains in a transitional stage. Technology adoption received the highest rating, while process automation obtained the lowest, reflecting limited system integration and operational efficiency. Despite this, customer satisfaction was rated very satisfied, particularly in timeliness and service quality. The major challenge identified was the redundancy of work processes, specifically the re-encoding of civil registry entries into the PhilCRIS system. Although documents had already been encoded by stakeholders such as birthing institutions, LCRO personnel still manually re-entered the same information, increasing workload, costs, manpower needs, and risks of human error and data inconsistencies. Other challenges included inadequate ICT infrastructure, limited technical support, data security concerns, insufficient digital literacy, and budget constraints. The study concludes that system upgrading, stronger system integration, workforce development, infrastructure investment, and policy support are necessary to achieve efficient and sustainable digital transformation in LCROs.
Farah Akmar Anor Salim, Xu Ying
Recruitment difficulties in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are often discussed in relation to labor market constraints or shortages in qualified applicants. Yet in practice, challenges may also stem from how roles are initially defined within the organization. In many SMEs, job descriptions outline broad responsibilities and minimum qualifications, but provide limited detail about the concrete knowledge, skills, or behavioral capabilities that are actually critical for effective performance. When expectations at this early stage remain imprecise, hiring decisions tend to depend more on individual judgment than on shared evaluative standards. Over time, this can lead to inconsistencies in how candidates are assessed. Although job descriptions are commonly viewed as routine administrative documents, their structural clarity may play a more substantive role in shaping recruitment judgment than is often acknowledged. Empirical research examining this issue in SME settings remains relatively limited. Much of the existing human resource management literature has concentrated on recruitment methods, selection tools, and applicant evaluation techniques. Implicit in many of these discussions is the assumption that job requirements are already clearly specified. However, in smaller firms where HR systems evolve gradually and formalization is limited, the articulation of competency standards may itself be unstable. If job requirements are framed in generalized or abstract terms, assessment practices no matter how sophisticated, may still produce divergent conclusions because evaluators lack a consistent reference point. This suggests that improving recruitment outcomes may require attention not only to assessment procedures but also to the structural foundation upon which those procedures rest. Against this background, the present study was conducted in a cross-border e-commerce SME and adopted an action research approach. The purpose was to explore how different ways of articulating job competencies influence recruitment judgment processes. Rather than measuring hiring effectiveness through subsequent employee performance, this study defines hiring accuracy as the perceived stability and consistency of recruitment judgments grounded in clearly articulated competency criteria. The research began with a diagnostic examination of ambiguities embedded in existing job descriptions. A standardized job description framework was then collaboratively introduced within the organization. By observing how recruitment discussions evolved following this intervention, the study seeks to clarify how greater precision in role articulation contributes to more anchored and coherent decision-making processes. In this sense, the analysis shifts attention from recruitment outcomes alone to the structural conditions that shape evaluative stability at the point of selection.
Liana Musekiwa
Inclusive education represents a vital pathway to social justice by ensuring equitable access to quality learning for all learners, regardless of ability, background, or identity, and by dismantling systemic barriers that perpetuate exclusion. This study adopts a qualitative methods design, employing purposive sampling of educators and learners with disabilities. Data were triangulated through interviews, focus groups, and observations, with thematic analysis used to identify recurring patterns and validate findings across sources. The theoretical framing draws on Critical Pedagogy (Freire), which situates education as a practice of freedom and social transformation; Social Justice Theory (Rawls, Fraser), which emphasizes fairness, redistribution, and recognition; and highlights the expansion of learners’ opportunities and agency. Together, these frameworks illuminate how inclusive education not only promotes classroom participation but also catalyzes broader societal change by fostering dignity, solidarity, and fairness. Findings underscore the importance of teacher training and the integration of assistive technologies in creating accessible learning environments, particularly within Zimbabwean contexts where challenges such as underreporting of disability prevalence, resource constraints, and negative attitudes persist. The presentation argues that inclusive education is both a pedagogical imperative and a social justice agenda, positioning schools as engines of sustainable development and equity. By linking evidence-based strategies with advocacy, the study calls for collaborative action among policymakers, educators, and communities to humanize technical challenges, prioritize accessibility, and ensure that e/very learner matters equally. Ultimately, inclusive education is framed as a transformative pathway that advances social justice, strengthens democratic participation, and contributes to building societies rooted in fairness and respect for diversity.
Chen Chen, Mohd Nizam Nasrifan
Inclusive music education has gained increasing attention as part of broader efforts to ensure equitable access to education for students with disabilities. However, persistent tensions remain between formal access and meaningful participation in music learning contexts. This mini review adopts a structured narrative review approach to synthesise recent literature on the conceptual, pedagogical, and technological developments shaping inclusive music education. The review identifies three dominant orientations within the field: special education approaches, inclusive mainstream practices, and transformative disability-informed perspectives that challenge ableist assumptions in music pedagogy. In addition, it critically examines the role of policy frameworks, teacher preparedness, and emerging innovations such as Accessible Digital Musical Instruments and Universal Design for Learning. Findings indicate that while inclusive music education holds significant potential in fostering participation, identity formation, and social engagement, its implementation remains uneven due to systemic constraints, limited pedagogical translation, and insufficient teacher preparation. This study argues that inclusive music education should move beyond accommodation toward a reconceptualisation of musical ability, pedagogy, and participation. By synthesising fragmented perspectives into a coherent analytical framework, this review contributes to advancing a more critically informed and practice-oriented discourse in inclusive music education.
Calendaria D. Cubcuban, Gladys S. Escarlos
This systematic review explored inclusive pathways for lifelong learning in Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL) Cookery programs in rural Philippine high schools, guided by PRISMA 2020 standards. Synthesizing 27 empirical studies published between 2016 and 2026, the review assessed policy impacts, planning gaps, intervention effectiveness, and advanced strategies for equitable outcomes. Findings revealed persistent disparities, with rural TESDA NC II pass rates averaging 68% compared to 92% in urban schools, largely due to infrastructural deficits, unreliable electricity, and limited teacher training. Meta analysis confirmed a moderate policy practice disconnect (SMD = 0.68), resulting in a 24% employability deficit despite Republic Act 10533’s vocational mandate. School Based Management (SBM) combined with TESDA certification pathways emerged as the most effective interventions, producing 42% relative employability gains (RR = 1.42), 62% apprenticeship to hire conversions, and 42% self employment outcomes. Inclusive practices such as universal design workstations improved completion rates among learners with disabilities by 27%, though DepEd Order No. 72 s. 2023 remained under implemented in most rural sites. Advanced strategies including climate resilient cooking methods, digital hybrid modules, and ISO standard kitchen audits achieved urban equivalent certification rates and equity improvements across diverse learners. Overall, the review underscores the need for sustained infrastructure investment, localized curriculum adaptations, and stronger DepEd TESDA collaboration. Establishing Cookery Centers in SBM Level 2+ schools, embedding inclusive practices, and linking programs with local industries are recommended to close rural urban certification gaps and promote lifelong learning pathways that foster employability, entrepreneurship, and community resilience.
Cleandy Jane R. Obquia, Dr. Gladys S. Escarlos
Inclusive education has become a critical priority in higher education institutions (HEIs) as they respond to increasing student diversity and global demands for equity and accessibility. This systematic review examines inclusive practices in HEIs, with a focus on identifying barriers to implementation and institutional support mechanisms that promote inclusion. The study synthesized literature published between 2010 and 2025, including peer-reviewed journal articles, policy documents, and international reports retrieved from databases such as Google Scholar, ERIC, Scopus, and Web of Science. Using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, selected studies were analyzed through thematic and narrative synthesis. Findings reveal that HEIs continue to encounter significant barriers, including inadequate institutional support, limited faculty preparedness, inaccessible physical and digital infrastructure, insufficient assistive technologies, and negative attitudes toward diversity. Despite these challenges, several effective support mechanisms were identified, such as faculty development programs, inclusive instructional strategies, student support services, disability support offices, and the integration of assistive technologies. Institutions with strong policy frameworks and leadership commitment demonstrated more consistent and effective implementation of inclusive practices. The review concludes that while progress has been made in promoting inclusive education in higher education, gaps remain in policy implementation, resource allocation, and institutional accountability. Strengthening faculty competencies, improving accessibility, and ensuring sustained institutional support are essential for achieving equitable and inclusive learning environments. The findings provide evidence-based insights for policymakers, educational leaders, and institutions seeking to enhance inclusive education practices in higher education.
Kadonsi Kaziya, Saima N. Nakala, Sinyama Martone
This study examined the challenges associated with implementing indigenized mathematics education in Southern Province, Zambia. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected from 55 mathematics teachers through stratified random sampling and qualitative data from 15 purposively selected teachers through semi-structured interviews. The quantitative findings showed that the most strongly perceived challenge was the lack of research and documentation on Indigenous mathematical pedagogies (M = 4.25, SD = 0.87), followed by limited collaboration between mathematics educators and Indigenous communities (M = 4.09, SD = 0.95) and inadequate teacher training and professional development (M = 4.02, SD = 0.92). One-way ANOVA results indicated that educational background significantly influenced teachers’ perceptions of selected challenges, whereas teaching experience did not produce statistically significant differences. Qualitative findings deepened these patterns by revealing the dominance of Western-oriented textbooks, the absence of culturally relevant teaching materials, limited linguistic resources for expressing mathematical concepts in local languages, and the exclusion of Indigenous knowledge holders from curriculum processes. The study concludes that the barriers to indigenizing mathematics education are systemic rather than individual, rooted in weak knowledge infrastructure, insufficient professional preparation, and limited school-community collaboration. It argues that meaningful indigenization requires stronger documentation of Indigenous mathematical knowledge, more robust institutional support, and culturally grounded teacher education.
Nurul Farhana Ayob, Rohayu Roddin, Shamnor Syaza Dania Badrol Hisham, Siti ‘Afiat Jalil
Entrepreneurship within indigenous communities has gained increasing attention as a strategic approach to improving socio-economic development. This study aims to explore the factors influencing tourism entrepreneurship among the Orang Asli community and to examine how these activities can evolve towards technopreneurship. In Malaysia, the Orang Asli community possesses unique cultural assets that offer significant potential for tourism entrepreneurship; however, their participation remains limited due to challenges such as inadequate skills, limited access to technology, and restricted market opportunities. A qualitative case study approach was employed, focusing on the Mah Meri and Semai communities. Data was collected from five participants through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis, and was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal five key themes: entrepreneurial success factors, capacity development, empowerment, community-based collaboration, and technopreneurship. The results indicate that motivation, skills, family support, and institutional assistance play a crucial role in shaping entrepreneurial engagement. In addition, capacity development and women’s empowerment significantly enhance economic participation, while community collaboration strengthens resource sharing and market access. The study also highlights the emerging role of technopreneurship through the gradual adoption of digital technologies such as social media and online platforms, which contribute to increased market reach and business competitiveness. Based on these findings, the study proposes an integrated community-based technopreneurship development model that explains the transformation of tourism entrepreneurship towards sustainable socio-economic outcomes. This study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive framework that integrates social, economic, and technological dimensions of indigenous entrepreneurship and offers practical implications for policymakers and stakeholders to support sustainable tourism development.
Angelica T. Cañadilla, MBA, Dr. Cyril C. Chavez
In today’s educational environment, understanding the factors that influence teachers’ performance is essential for improving instructional quality and institutional effectiveness. This study examined the influence of communication climate and organizational commitment on teachers’ performance in a school a Municipality in Misamis Oriental. Despite extensive international research, a gap exists in the Philippine context where these variables are often examined separately and lack integrated analysis, particularly in community-based educational institutions. The study aimed to determine the levels of communication climate, organizational commitment, and teaching performance, as well as to assess their relationships and predictive influence. A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed, involving 150 teaching faculty selected through partial enumeration. Data were collected using a validated structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed that both communication climate and organizational commitment were at favorable levels and significantly related to teaching performance. Furthermore, both variables significantly predicted teachers’ performance, indicating that a supportive organizational environment enhances instructional effectiveness. The study concludes that a positive communication climate characterized by openness and feedback, together with strong organizational commitment, plays a crucial role in improving teaching performance. It is recommended that future researchers include additional variables such as leadership style and work environment, utilize mixed-method approaches, and replicate the study in different settings to enhance generalizability.
Iro-Idoro, Charlotte Bose, Jimoh, Ibrahim Bamidele, Kehinde, Oluwatosin Abosede
This study examined influence of Green Office Practices on Information Management of Secretaries in Government parastatal in Ogun State. Green Practices has becoming a global priority in other profession and it is important to look at how this can be applicable to office and information management practices of secretaries in Government parastatals. The study aims to identify the key factors that stimulate green practices within the office environment such as energy-efficient devices, collaborative and communication tools which support secretaries reduces resource consumption, waste generation and conservation impact. The population of this study comprised of Secretaries in Government parastatals in Ogun State. Structured questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. However, Krejcie and Morgan method of sample determination was used for sample size determination at 0.05 margin error. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods of analysis. Findings revealed that Green Office practices is pivotal in information management of secretaries. The paper concludes that Information is a great asset to any organization and it is important that secretaries who are custodians of these information must imbibe the green office habit so as to reduce environmental impact. This will help to reduce paper usage. It was recommended that training on sustainable office practices would improve information management of secretaries
Kavira Kyunyu Neria
This study examined the influence of headteachers’ supervision strategies on teachers’ job satisfaction in secondary schools in Masereka, Democratic Republic of Congo. The study was guided by the need to understand how instructional supervision practices such as classroom observation, feedback provision, mentoring, coaching, collaboration, and performance appraisal affect teachers’ motivation, morale, and overall job satisfaction. A descriptive research design was adopted, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population comprised 120 teachers and 15 headteachers from 15 secondary schools. A sample of 90 teachers and 15 headteachers (n = 105) was selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires for teachers and semi-structured interview schedules for headteachers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically.
Enose M.W. Simatwa, Maurice A. Ndolo, Onyango David
Countries all over the world have invested heavily in Education. The Kenyan government through its commitment to education introduced Free Primary Education in the year 2003 to help provide quality, relevant, accessible and inclusive education for all children of school going age with an aim of improving retention rates, completion rates and pupil academic performance in schools. Despite the heavy investment, completion rates, retention rates and pupil’s academic performance in schools was still a challenge. The average academic performance in Suba West and Mbita Sub counties in the last six years from 2018 to 2023 was below average. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of learner capitation grants on learner academic performance in Suba West and Mbita Sub Counties. The study was guided by the Resource Dependency Theory (RDT), by Salancik (1978) which postulate that human organizations are not self-sufficient and must acquire essential resources from external bodies to achieve the set objectives. In this case, the resource is learner capitation grant; and liberal Classical theory of equal opportunity by Rousseau which postulates that the natural statesmen are born equal and personal qualities should not jeopardize social equality so long as society rewards people according to their status. The study established that learner capitation grants had high influence on learner performance with a mean rating of 3.93. This means that learner capitation grants contributed highly to pupil performance. The study recommended that learner capitation grant should be reviewed upwards and be disbursed to schools on time in order to enhance learners’ academic performance. The Findings of this study are useful to stakeholders in education for policy formulation with regard to learner capitation grants.
David Onyango, Enose M.W. Simatwa, Maurice A. Ndolo
Primary education is the foundation for secondary and tertiary education. Quality of education is critical to socio-economic growth and productivity of a country. Countries all over the world have invested heavily in Education. The Kenyan government through its commitment in education introduced Free Primary Education in the year 2003 to help provide quality, relevant, accessible and inclusive education for all children of school going age with an aim of improving retention rates, completion rates and pupil academic performance in schools. Despite the heavy investment, completion rates, retention rates and pupil’s academic performance in schools was still a challenge. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of capitation grant on retention rates of Pupils in Public Primary Schools in Suba West and Mbita Sub-Counties. The study was guided by the Resource Dependency Theory by Salancik (1978) which postulate that human organizations are not self-sufficient and must acquire essential resources from external bodies to achieve the set objectives. In this case, the resource is learner capitation grant; and liberal Classical theory of equal opportunity by Rousseau which postulates that the natural statesmen are born equal and personal qualities should not jeopardize social equality so long as society rewards people according to their status. The study established that government capitation grant had high influence on retention rates of pupils in the school with overall mean rating of 4.00 and accounted for 13.5% of retention rates with an adjusted R square coefficient 0.135. The study recommended that learner capitation grants should be increased to enhance retention rates further. The Findings of this study are useful to stakeholders in education for policy formulation with regards to retention rates.
Ogolla Nichanor Achola, Rose Akinyi Adhanja
The establishment of student councils in Kenyan secondary schools following the 2009 ban on corporal punishment aimed to foster learner discipline through participatory governance. However, persistent student unrest from 2015 to 2018, with Migori County recording the highest incidence rate at 31.2% (compared to Homabay at 11.7%, Kisii at 10.2%, and Narok at 5.7%), and continuing into 2024, highlighted gaps in implementation despite government directives. This study investigated the influence of student councils' involvement in school governance on students' discipline in secondary schools in Migori County, Kenya. Specifically, it examined councils' roles in supervising student welfare activities (e.g., hygiene, meals, and extracurriculars), formulating school rules and regulations, establishing communication channels (e.g., barazas, suggestion boxes, and BOM meetings), and participating in decision-making processes (e.g., on routines, canteen operations, and remedial teaching). Employing a mixed-methods approach with descriptive and correlational research designs, the study was grounded in Astin's Theory of Student Involvement (1984; 1999), which posits that active student engagement enhances responsibility and outcomes. The conceptual framework illustrated how these independent variables (welfare supervision, rule formulation, communication, and decision-making) impact discipline, measured by indicators like academic performance, strikes, complaints, and petty offenses. The target population included 283 principals, 283 deputy principals, 283 guidance and counseling teachers, 283 student council presidents, and 8 sub-county quality assurance officers (SCQAOs) across Migori's eight sub-counties (Awendo, Kuria East, Kuria West, Nyatike, Rongo, Suna East, Suna West, and Uriri). Stratified random sampling selected 85 schools, yielding samples of 85 principals, 85 deputy principals, 85 guidance teachers, and 85 council presidents, while purposive sampling included all 8 SCQAOs. Data were collected via questionnaires (for quantitative data) and interview schedules (for qualitative data), with instruments validated through expert review and pilot testing, achieving a reliability coefficient of 0.74 via Cronbach's alpha. Hypotheses were tested using regression analysis at a 0.05 significance level, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Quantitative results revealed statistically significant positive correlations between student council involvement and discipline: welfare supervision (r=0.45, p<0.05), rule formulation (r=0.52, p<0.05), communication channels (r=0.48, p<0.05), and decision-making (r=0.50, p<0.05), rejecting all null hypotheses. Qualitative insights from SCQAOs corroborated these findings, emphasizing that effective discipline stems from properly constituted councils with clear responsibilities, training, and integration into governance. Challenges included leadership absenteeism, underutilization of councils, inadequate sensitization, reluctance from administrators to delegate authority, and external factors like proximity to economic hubs (e.g., quarries and plantations) exacerbating indiscipline. Systemic barriers, such as symbolic rather than substantive participation, were noted as undermining councils' effectiveness. In conclusion, meaningful student council engagement in governance significantly enhances discipline by promoting ownership, peer accountability, and a positive school climate. The study recommends policy reforms for mandatory council training, inclusive decision-making, and resource allocation to empower councils. Findings offer practical insights for students, school leaders, policymakers (e.g., MOE, TSC, KEMI), and stakeholders to reduce unrest and improve educational outcomes. Ethical considerations, including informed consent, confidentiality, and NACOSTI/MUSERC approvals, were upheld throughout. This research addresses gaps in empirical evidence on student councils' statistical impact in Kenyan contexts, advocating for democratic governance to align with global best practices.
Erick Kiprono Bor, Mary Mwangi, Samson Wokabi Mwangi
The Women Enterprise Fund (WEF) was established in 2007 as a programme for empowering women and reducing poverty. Studies conducted on this programme have found that while there are some women groups that have excelled after receiving funds, a good number have performed dismally. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of team factors on the performance of WEF loan groups in South Imenti Constituency. The study utilized the descriptive research design where 76 women groups that received WEF loans in 2014 were targeted. Data was collected from a sample of 12 women groups that were selected using a multistage sampling method that combined clustered, random, and purposive sampling techniques. Focus group discussions were used to collect data from group members while semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from group officials. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics through the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 and result presented using tables and figures. Qualitative data was analysed using the thematic analysis technique and results presented using illustrative quotes. Result showed that the performance of the groups was moderate with the majority having a monthly group income of Ksh 10,000-49,999. Most of the groups had also acquired assets like livestock, tents and seats but had also engaged in acquisition of non-productive assets like kitchenware. The performance of the groups was influenced by team factors like group size, group leadership, and group cohesion. Based on these findings, the study concludes that team factors influence the performance of WEF loan groups in South Imenti Constituency. The findings underscore the need for development policies that promote optimal group sizes and prioritize team-building initiatives.
Vanesa N. Bagay
This study utilized a descriptive research design to examine the impact of Information and Communications Technology (ICT)-aided instruction on the academic achievement of Grade 2 pupils. The design involved observing and describing teachers’ perceptions, proficiency, and challenges in using modern technology in teaching without influencing the variables. The respondents consisted of elementary school teachers with varied demographic profiles in terms of age, sex, civil status, teaching experience, position, and educational attainment. Findings revealed that ICT resources such as laptops, internet access, and television screens were generally available and frequently used in instruction. Teachers demonstrated a high level of proficiency in integrating technology into their teaching practices and strongly agreed that ICT enhances student motivation, engagement, and understanding of lessons. Moreover, ICT-aided instruction was found to be very effective in improving pupils’ retention and comprehension through audio-visual and interactive learning experiences. However, challenges such as insufficient computers, lack of updated hardware and software, and limited technological resources were identified, though these were only moderately serious. Overall, the study concluded that ICT integration significantly improves teaching effectiveness and pupil achievement, emphasizing the importance of continued support, training, and resource provision to maximize its benefits in the classroom.
Charles Ogboi, Oluseye Adekunle Elugbaju
This study investigated the baseline and interactive effects of infrastructure financing and institutional quality on poverty reduction in Nigeria. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design, utilizing secondary time-series data covering a twenty-six-year period (1999–2024). Data were analyzed using the Johansen Cointegration test and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression. The baseline OLS regression results (Model 1) revealed that public expenditure on infrastructure had a significant positive impact on per capita income (β = 0.1056, t = 3.1803, p = 0.0043), while unmoderated private investment was statistically insignificant (β = 0.0103, t = 0.6154, p = 0.5446), yielding an R2 of 0.3465 and an F-statistic of 3.8887 (p = 0.0226). However, in the interactive model (Model 2) where financing was moderated by institutional quality, private investment demonstrated a highly significant positive impact on poverty alleviation (β = 3.76E-07, t = 6.5553, p = 0.0000), causing the explanatory power of the model to surge to an R2 of 0.7800 and an F-statistic of 24.8197 (p = 0.0000). Conversely, public expenditure moderated by institutional quality lost its statistical significance (β = 2.77E-06, t = 1.3057, p = 0.2058), exposing a profound public spending paradox where government funds are neutralized by systemic inefficiencies. The study concluded that public capital expenditure is statistically inefficient at reducing poverty in the absence of strong governance, whereas institutionally protected private investment acts as a vital catalyst for wealth creation. Therefore, the study recommends the aggressive promotion of Public-Private Partnerships and the implementation of comprehensive anti-corruption reforms to maximize the macroeconomic impact of infrastructure investments.
Abang Zainoren Bin Abang Abdurahman, Azlina Bujang, Ch’ng Looi-Chin, Daymar Latok anak Daya
This study examined the relationship between digital entrepreneurship and innovation sustainability in Kuching’s tourism sector, with access to financial resources as a moderating factor. Four dimensions of digital entrepreneurship were investigated which are Digital Technology Behaviors (DTB), Digital Entrepreneurship Capability (DEC), Digital Infrastructure (DI) and Digital Business Model (DBM). A quantitative design was employed using survey data from 486 tourism enterprises across nine subsectors in Kuching, Sarawak. Grounded in Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the study utilized Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyze direct and moderated relationships. All four digital entrepreneurship dimensions significantly influenced innovation sustainability, with DTB (β=0.599) and DI (β=0.526) showing the strongest direct effects, followed by DBM (β=0.515) and DEC (β=0.368). Critically, Access to Financial Resources significantly moderates only the relationship between DBM and Innovation Sustainability (β=0.400, p<0.001), while moderating effects on DTB, DEC and DI relationships were non-significant. The model explained 60.3% of variance in innovation sustainability. Digital business model innovation and infrastructure development are the most impactful drivers of sustainable innovation in tourism, but they operate through different mechanisms. Financial resources substantially enhance business model innovation outcomes while technological behavior and entrepreneurial capabilities depend more on knowledge and skills than financial access. The study extends Resource-Based View theory by demonstrating that not all digital resources are equally reliant on financial capital. Practically, tourism enterprises should prioritize business model innovation and infrastructure investment, while policymakers should develop targeted financial schemes supporting digital business model experimentation and scaling in regional tourism contexts.
Nur Safinas binti Albakry, Xu Liru
Against the backdrop of global cultural inheritance and modern art education reform, Shu embroidery, a representative intangible cultural heritage of Sichuan, faces dilemmas including insufficient creative transformation, disjointed talent training, and limited interdisciplinary integration in university art teaching. This study adopts a standardized mixed quantitative and qualitative research methodology, combining literature analysis, field investigation, project-based teaching practice and empirical data statistics, to explore systematic innovative design strategies and sustainable educational application modes of Shu embroidery fan works in higher art courses. It sorts out traditional artistic features, pattern semantics and craft procedures of Shu embroidery fans, and constructs a multi-stage progressive teaching system integrating traditional inheritance, digital design and independent creation. Practical effects are verified through student work evaluation, ability assessment and classroom feedback. The results prove that cross-border innovation and project-driven practice can effectively promote the living inheritance of Shu embroidery, optimize art curriculum structure, and enhance students’ traditional cultural literacy and modern design innovation ability.
Moses Kwasi Kusedzi, Nana Afia Amponsah Opoku-Asare, Rosemary Emefa Ahiadeke
The motivation of teachers in sub-Saharan African educational settings has been a continuous dilemma, especially where the lack of resources clashes with the need for pedagogical creativity. This study examined the mediating aspect of teacher self-efficacy in the correlation between innovative leadership, teacher professional development (TPD), and teacher motivation among senior high school teachers in Ghana. The study utilised the positivist, explanatory, and cross-sectional survey design underlined by the Self-Determination and Social Cognitive theories. The survey questionnaire was self-designed and administered to a convenience sample of 351 Senior High School teachers in the public and private schools in the Volta Region, Ghana. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the data in 5,000 bootstrap sub-samples. Data analysis revealed that innovative leadership characterised had a positive, significant influence on teacher self-efficacy (= 0.459, p =0.001) but had no statistically significant direct effect on teacher motivation (=0.121, p=0.064). The effect of teacher professional development was found to have a direct significant impact on teacher motivation (= 0.583, p = 0.001) and teacher self-efficacy (= 0.132, p = 0.001). Teacher self-efficacy was a strong predictor of teacher motivation (0.209, p < 0.001) and mediated the relationship between innovative leadership and teacher motivation (0.099, p = 0.020) as well as the TPD - motivation relationship (0.027, p = 0.007). The structural model pointed out a 44.2% variance in teacher motivation. This suggests teacher self-efficacy is an essential psychological process that enables institutional leadership and professional growth to manifest into long-term motivational results for teachers. It is important that educational policymakers and administrators of schools incorporate efficacy-building measures in leadership development and teacher professional development programmes.
Alexander F. Suan, Emmalyn A. Blanila
Instructional factors and community support are important influences on learners’ academic performance, especially in flexible programs like the Alternative Learning System (ALS). ALS is intended to provide educational opportunities for out-of-school youth and adults who cannot attend regular formal schooling. Although it is designed to be inclusive, many learners still encounter challenges that can affect their academic success. While earlier studies have examined instructional practices and socioeconomic conditions separately, there is still a lack of research focusing on how instructional factors and community support jointly affect academic performance in ALS settings. This study seeks to fill that gap by analyzing the combined effects of these variables on learners’ academic outcomes. This research employed a descriptive-correlational design to explore the relationship between instructional factors, community support, and the academic performance of ALS learners. The respondents were ALS Junior High School learners from one municipality in Bukidnon Province who accomplished a structured survey measuring instructional factors, community support, and relevant demographic information. The data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, along with inferential statistics like ANOVA and regression analysis to determine significant relationships among variables.The study recommends strengthening ALS instructional practices through continuous teacher development focused on learner-centered strategies and improving access to learning materials. It also highlights the importance of enhancing collaboration among schools, families, and communities to support learners effectively. Future studies are encouraged to examine psychological and motivational factors influencing ALS learners and to conduct longitudinal research to monitor academic progress over time.
Jesel-an L. Acusar, Raul C. Orongan
This study examined the influence of instructional leadership and technological competence on the educational assessment capability of public-school teachers in Kitaotao Districts 2 and 3, Division of Bukidnon, during the second term of School Year 2025–2026. A stratified random sampling technique was employed, involving 310 public elementary and secondary school teachers as respondents in a descriptive-correlational research design using a survey questionnaire. The findings revealed that teachers exhibit very high levels of instructional leadership and high levels of technological competence. In addition, their educational assessment capability was rated very high in both formative and summative assessment practices. Results further showed significant positive relationships among the variables. Instructional leadership and technological competence were both significantly correlated with educational assessment capability. Moreover, regression analysis confirmed that adaptability, sustainability, and significantly predict teachers’ assessment capability. These results indicate that strengthening leadership practices and enhancing technology integration contribute to more effective assessment of student learning and improved instructional quality.
Marilou M. Centina
This qualitative study explored the instructional leadership roles of Outstanding Master Teachers in DepEd Region XII using a single-case holistic design and Key Informant Interviews with five exemplary secondary teachers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using coding, thematic analysis, and literature triangulation to ensure credibility and develop a conceptual framework on master teachers’ leadership roles in school improvement. Findings revealed that master teachers demonstrate strong learner-centered and context-responsive instruction, collaborative curriculum alignment, and goal-oriented teaching practices. As instructional leaders, they apply data-driven decision-making, use assessment results to improve instruction, and provide constructive feedback through coaching and collaborative supervision rather than purely evaluative approaches. Mentorship emerged as a major function, characterized by differentiated support, reflective practice, and strong professional relationships grounded in empathy, respect, and empowerment. The study also highlighted that their effectiveness is rooted in ethical commitment, dedication, and continuous professional growth. Their leadership extends beyond individual classroom success, significantly contributing to teacher development, improved learner outcomes, and overall school advancement. Overall, the findings emphasize that Outstanding Master Teachers serve as transformative instructional leaders who foster collaboration, sustain professional learning, and promote a culture of continuous improvement in schools.
Balamuralithara Balakrishnan, Wang Xiaojing
With the development of digital technologies, mobile Internet, and platform-based media, social media has become an important space for the dissemination, presentation, interaction, and revitalisation of intangible cultural heritage. Although existing studies have continued to increase, their research themes, methodological approaches, and knowledge structures remain relatively fragmented, with limited systematic integration. This paper adopts a systematic literature review method, using Web of Science as the core database to screen and analyse English empirical studies related to intangible cultural heritage and social media published between 2017 and 2026. A total of 172 publications were initially retrieved. After screening by publication year, subject category, thematic relevance, language, full-text availability, and document type, 29 empirical research articles were finally included. The findings show that five core themes have mainly emerged in this field: the dissemination and presentation of intangible cultural heritage on social media, user participation and interactive behaviour, platform narratives and digital expression, the construction of authenticity and cultural identity, and intangible cultural heritage dissemination and sustainable development. In terms of research methods, the included studies demonstrate the coexistence of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research. Quantitative studies mainly focus on dissemination effects, user behaviour, and platform data; qualitative studies emphasise cultural meanings, authenticity, and community experiences; and mixed-methods studies are used to explain the complex relationships among technology, platforms, users, and culture. This paper further indicates that future research can be further deepened in terms of theoretical integration, cross-platform comparison, community-based perspectives, platform algorithm mechanisms, and longitudinal research. This paper contributes to mapping the knowledge structure of intangible cultural heritage and social media research and provides a systematic reference for future studies.
Elphina Mhlanga
Education for sustainable development is widely recognized as essential for building a resilient and equitable future. However, its effectiveness depends not only on policies and curricula but also on its grounding in culture. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities of integrating culture into education for sustainable development at tertiary level in Zimbabwe. Drawing on an interpretive paradigm and qualitative methods, through a idiographic, including interviews and focus group discussions that were held with thirty participants. The study highlights barriers such as resistance to change, linguistic diversity, resource constraints, gender inequality, and entrenched social hierarchies. At the same time, it identifies opportunities of preserving indigenous knowledge, enhancing student engagement, promoting diversity and global citizenship, ethical grounding through cultural philosophies such as Ubuntu, resilience against globalization, and stronger connections between global sustainability goals and local realities. The findings suggest that culturally responsive curricula, inclusive language policies, equitable resource allocation, and community engagement are critical for transforming ESD into a holistic and impactful framework. By embracing cultural diversity, tertiary institutions can ensure that sustainability is not perceived as an external imposition but as a lived practice rooted in identity and heritage.
Eric H. Heretape, Gladys S. Escarlos
This study systematically reviews existing literature on the integration of peace education in higher education curricula, focusing on institutional policies, curricular approaches, implementation practices, and educational outcomes. Using a systematic review methodology, relevant studies published between 2020 and 2025 were identified from major academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and Google Scholar. The selected studies were analyzed using thematic synthesis aligned with four key areas: policy frameworks, instructional strategies, institutional implementation, and outcomes related to inclusive and lifelong learning. Findings indicate that while strong international and national policies support the integration of peace education, implementation across higher education institutions remains uneven. Institutions employ diverse curricular approaches, including stand-alone courses and interdisciplinary integration, supported by participatory and transformative pedagogies. However, implementation is often fragmented and dependent on institutional commitment and faculty capacity. Despite these challenges, peace education demonstrates significant positive outcomes, including the development of empathy, critical thinking, intercultural understanding, and civic engagement, which contribute to inclusive and lifelong learning. The study highlights the need for stronger alignment between policy and practice, enhanced institutional support, and sustained efforts to integrate peace education systematically in higher education.
A. C. Imesha Kinkini, B.M.L.S. Senevirathne.
The textile and apparel industry faces significant sustainability challenges due to resource-intensive production processes and material waste generation, particularly in screen-printing operations. While existing solutions largely focus on technological optimization, the potential of cultural-aesthetic frameworks as drivers of sustainable industrial practice remains underexplored. This study investigates the integration of the Japanese aesthetic philosophies of Wabi-sabi (embracing imperfection) and Mottainai (respect for materials and waste minimization) into contemporary screen-printing processes. Adopting a qualitative, practice-led research design, the study combines field observations within an industrial textile printing facility, semi-structured interviews with 15 practitioners, and a series of controlled studio-based experiments. The findings identify five key intervention points within the production workflow, including technique manipulation, ink reuse, repurposing of defective outputs, and screen reuse. Empirical observations indicate that a substantial proportion of production waste, particularly unused inks and rejected samples, can be reintegrated into the design process, with experimental applications demonstrating the potential to reduce material discard levels by an estimated 20–35% at the sampling and post-production stages. The study further demonstrates that controlled irregularity and material reuse can generate distinctive, value-added textile outcomes while improving resource efficiency. By reframing defects and waste as aesthetic and material assets, the research proposes a shift from linear production toward a more circular, design-driven model. The findings contribute a novel framework that operationalizes Wabi-sabi and Mottainai within industrial textile contexts, offering practical implications for sustainable innovation. The study also highlights key challenges related to scalability, quality control, and market acceptance, providing directions for future research and pilot-level industrial implementation.
Floresito D. Calub, Ria Shiela A. De Leon
The integration of automation in public sector management has become increasingly important in improving organizational efficiency, transparency, and accountability. In the Philippine public sector, the Civil Service Commission promotes the Strategic Performance Management System (SPMS) to ensure results-based performance evaluation in government institutions. As part of efforts to strengthen human resource management practices and advance PRIME-HRM maturity, the Local Government Unit of San Francisco, Agusan del Sur implemented the Strategic Performance Management Information System (SPMIS) to automate performance management processes. However, despite its implementation, limited empirical evidence exists regarding the extent to which automation influences the effectiveness of performance management within the LGU. This study therefore aimed to determine the influence of automation on the effectiveness of performance management in LGU-SFADS. This study employed a descriptive–correlational research design using a structured survey questionnaire administered to 206 permanent and casual employees of the LGU. Data were analyzed using weighted mean, Pearson Product–Moment Correlation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed that the level of automation in the LGU’s performance management system is generally implemented to highly implemented in terms of system usage, accessibility of automated tools, and user competence. The results further indicated that performance management in LGU-SFADS is effective to highly effective in terms of efficiency, accuracy of records, and transparency. Regression analysis identified system usage, accessibility of automated tools, user competence or training, quality of decision-making, and cost-effectiveness as significant predictors of performance management effectiveness. The study concludes that automation contributes to improving performance management practices when supported by operational functionality and user capability. The findings provide evidence-based insights that may guide LGU management in enhancing automated performance management systems and strengthening service delivery.
Aloysius Sam, Godfred Fobiri, Marfo Bright Fosu, Peter Buckson
This study aims to develop an integrative digital leadership framework to mitigate performance inefficiencies in road construction projects by examining how digital technologies and leadership practices can jointly improve project delivery. A qualitative research design was adopted within a constructivist paradigm. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 experienced professionals drawn from government agencies, private consulting firms, and contracting organisations involved in road construction in Ghana. The data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns related to inefficiencies, socio-technical conditions, digital adoption, and leadership competencies. The study found that project inefficiencies manifest mainly as delays, rework, fragmented coordination, slow approvals, weak supervision, and poor information flow. It also revealed that the effectiveness of digital tools depends on organisational readiness, technical competence, institutional support, and leadership capability. Road sector stakeholders should embed digital tools within routine project management, strengthen digital training, improve accountability systems, and develop leadership competencies in digital literacy, coordination, and change management. Sustainable improvement in road construction performance depends on aligning digital capability with effective leadership and coordinated governance. The study offers an original socio-technical framework that integrates digital drivers, leadership competencies, and performance outcomes within road construction practice.
Henry Tando, I Gde Nyoman Sangka, I Gede Suputra Widharma, I Ketut Sumadi, I Made Budiada, I Nengah Sunaya, I Nyoman Kiriana
This article explores interreligious communication between Hindu and Muslim communities through a reinterpretation of the classical Hindu communication theory of Sādhāraṇikaraṇa, framed within the lens of Perennial Philosophy. The study investigates how communication strategies rooted in religious traditions contribute to promoting religious moderation in plural societies such as Indonesia. Sādhāraṇikaraṇa, which emphasizes the simplification and universalization of religious messages, is analyzed as a communicative bridge capable of transcending doctrinal boundaries. The research adopts a qualitative approach, combining literature review and in-depth interviews with religious leaders and interfaith communication practitioners. Findings indicate that both Hindu and Islamic communication models emphasize shared spiritual values such as compassion, justice, and peace — values aligned with the universal truths proposed by Perennial Philosophy. These shared foundations support a moderate communication paradigm, fostering dialogue and mutual understanding across religious divides. This study contributes to the global discourse on interfaith communication by offering a cross-cultural theoretical synthesis that integrates Eastern and universalist perspectives.
Adebambo, Wasiu Oloruntoyin, Bakare, Kolawole Muheeb
This study explores Internal Party Democracy (IPD) within Nigerian political parties, focusing on the All Progressives Congress (APC) in Lagos State from 2019 to 2024. Adopting a pragmatist-interpretivist paradigm and descriptive survey design, it combines qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse APC’s internal dynamics. A sample of 400 respondents from five Local Government Areas and five observers, including electoral officials and journalists, was selected to ensure broad representation. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, interviews, and party document analysis. The study examined perceptions of internal democracy and its influence on party stability, revealing practices such as transparent leadership selection, inclusive decision-making, and effective conflict resolution. These elements were found to enhance party cohesion and credibility among members and the electorate. Despite these strengths, challenges persist. Godfatherism undermines merit-based leadership, while internal divisions hinder inclusivity. These issues obstruct the full realization of IPD and pose risks to the APC’s long-term stability. To overcome these barriers, the study recommends institutionalizing merit-based leadership, encouraging grassroots participation, and strengthening conflict resolution mechanisms. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on party governance in Nigeria and offer a foundation for comparative and longitudinal research on intra-party democracy.
Fombe Lawrence Fon, Gibert Zechia Mofor, Tayong Hosea
Global displacement has increasingly become a protracted challenge of international concern, driven by the persistent escalation of civil wars, armed conflicts, and terrorism with limited prospects for lasting solutions. These dynamics have significantly increased the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) who are forcibly uprooted from their homes and compelled to seek refuge in urban areas where they struggle to sustain their livelihoods. In Cameroon, the ongoing socio-political crisis in the Northwest Region has transformed Bamenda into a major destination for IDPs originating from various affected localities. These displaced populations settle within the urban milieu and engage in diverse income-generating activities to ensure survival. Despite their growing presence, limited scholarly attention has been given to their places of origin, socio-demographic characteristics, and adaptive strategies necessary for key stakeholders’ interventions. This study seeks to identify the characteristics and origin of IDPs and to examine the various resilience and survival strategies of IDPs in Bamenda town. Data were collected through key informant interviews (n=6), focus group discussions (n=4), and a structured questionnaire developed and administered using snowball non-probability sampling techniques to IDPs (n=250). The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0 and Excel 2022. The result revealed that IDPs originate from all seven divisions in the Northwest, with the highest from Momo (18.40%), and the least from Menchum (6.80%). The gender characteristics of IDPs show less variation (46.8% males and 53.3% females). It was also identified that IDPs do not live in camps, but within the host communities (97%), while some live in isolated dwellings (1.2%). A dominant proportion live in single rented rooms (46%), with at least 3-4 IDPs living in a single room (63.2%) of moderate and low-quality housing with limited access to basic needs like water, good sanitary conditions, and electricity. The findings further revealed that IDPs are engaged in diverse livelihood income streams for survival, dominated by petty trading (80%). Further studies should evaluate the challenges faced by IDPs in Bamenda based on their displacement from different localities. Supportive stakeholders’ interventions are recommended to strengthen IDPs' resilience and survival within the Bamenda urbanscape.
Assoc. Prof. Canice Esidene Erunke, Dr. Abdullahi Mohammed Abdul, Onyia Ifeoma K
Recurrent Internet fraud in Nigeria has significantly damaged the country’s international image, particularly through high-profile cases involving foreign victims. This negative perception has imposed various socio-economic costs on Nigerians, including heightened scrutiny during visa applications, restrictions on international financial transactions, reputational embarrassment at global entry points, and reduced trust in cross-border business engagements. This study examines the challenges undermining government efforts to combat internet fraud and restore Nigeria’s global reputation. Anchored on Routine Activity Theory (RAT), the research adopts a mixed-method approach, utilizing interviews, questionnaires, and secondary data sources. Findings reveal that the problem extends beyond legislative inadequacy to include poor implementation of existing laws. Key issues identified include inconsistent enforcement mechanisms, infrastructural deficiencies, and insufficient training among law enforcement agencies. Additionally, weak inter-agency coordination creates operational gaps that cybercriminals exploit. Empirical evidence further highlights systemic challenges such as the absence of functional national databases, lack of standardized regulatory frameworks, weak institutional structures, and the erosion of rule of law institutions. The study concludes that addressing these challenges requires not only institutional reforms but also strict enforcement of existing legal provisions. It recommends that the Federal Government ensure effective implementation of the Cybercrime (Prevention, Prohibition, etc.) Act, 2015, particularly through the prompt prosecution of offenders. Such actions would serve as a deterrent, rebuild public trust, enhance Nigeria’s international credibility, and improve its attractiveness to foreign direct investment (FDI).
Dr. Revina O. Mendoza, Riazelle Jane G. Cabigquez, LPT, MAED-EED
Self-efficacy in teaching, reflective practice, and quality of supervision are generally considered to play significant roles in teacher preparation, yet limited research has been conducted to explore how these three variables interact with one another to determine their impacts on the teaching performance of pre-service teachers during internship. This study examined the relationships among these variables and determined their direct and indirect effects on the teaching performance of pre-service elementary teachers in selected cooperating schools in the Department of Education of Misamis Oriental. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) descriptive-correlational research design was used to establish the relationships and the best-fit model of the variables. Data were collected from 126 pre-service teachers, with teaching performance evaluated by 96 cooperating teachers and further supported by 5 internship supervisors, using validated survey instruments measuring self-efficacy, reflective practice (reflection-for-action, reflection-in-action, and reflection-on-action), supervision quality, and teaching performance across six domains: lesson planning and preparation, content knowledge and pedagogy, classroom management and learning environment, instructional delivery, assessment, and professionalism. The levels of the variables were determined using descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis and SEM were employed to identify the relationships and predictive impacts of the variables. Results indicated a high level of teaching performance among the pre-service teachers. Structural equation modeling identified the best-fit model, revealing that supervision quality significantly influences self-efficacy, which in turn affects reflection-for-action and ultimately enhances teaching performance. Teaching performance also significantly predicted key areas such as lesson planning, content knowledge, and professionalism, with varying degrees. Overall, the findings indicate that these variables show indirect effects on teaching performance through interrelated pathways. The study highlights the importance of strengthening supervision and fostering reflective practice to improve teaching competence. Future research may utilize longitudinal or experimental designs, expand samples, and include additional variables to further explain teaching performance.
Nneka Stella Odoh
This paper addresses governance challenges in Nigeria through a semiotic examination of select political cartoons by the prominent Nigerian cartoonist, Mike Asukwo. These cartoons provide a critique of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration. The data consists of 20 political cartoons published in the BusinessDay Newspaper in 2025. A sample size of 4 cartoons were purposively selected and analysed based on their relevance to the topic under study as well as the presence of rich semiotic resources. Roland Barthes’ (1977) model of analysis, particularly his perception of denotation and connotation theories anchored on three levels of signification (linguistic, literal and symbolic) was used as the analytical framework to examine how the verbal and visual elements employed in the cartoons interrogate governance challenges in Nigeria. The analysis revealed the use of caricature, analogies, facial expressions, gestures, and colour as compositional devices at the denoted level to depict objects, ideas, and people that have connections to real-life events and experiences. Also, rhetorical devices like allusion, personification, irony, symbolism, hyperbole, contrast and condensation were used in the cartoons at the linguistic, literal, and symbolic levels to construct humorous satirical messages. Corruption, abuse of power, lack of empathy, and weak public institutions are identified as some of the critical factors that promote bad governance in Nigeria. The study provides a contextual lens for understanding how political cartoons function as a tool for meaning-making and speaking truth to power within the interpretive fields of semiotics and multimodal discourse.
Nneka Stella Odoh, PhD
This paper addresses governance challenges in Nigeria through a semiotic examination of select political cartoons by the prominent Nigerian cartoonist, Mike Asukwo. These cartoons provide a critique of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration. The data consists of 20 political cartoons published in the BusinessDay Newspaper in 2025. A sample size of 4 cartoons were purposively selected and analysed based on their relevance to the topic under study as well as the presence of rich semiotic resources. Roland Barthes’ (1977) model of analysis, particularly his perception of denotation and connotation theories anchored on three levels of signification (linguistic, literal and symbolic) was used as the analytical framework to examine how the verbal and visual elements employed in the cartoons interrogate governance challenges in Nigeria. The analysis revealed the use of caricature, analogies, facial expressions, gestures, and colour as compositional devices at the denoted level to depict objects, ideas, and people that have connections to real-life events and experiences. Also, rhetorical devices like allusion, personification, irony, symbolism, hyperbole, contrast and condensation were used in the cartoons at the linguistic, literal, and symbolic levels to construct humorous satirical messages. Corruption, abuse of power, lack of empathy, and weak public institutions are identified as some of the critical factors that promote bad governance in Nigeria. The study provides a contextual lens for understanding how political cartoons function as a tool for meaning-making and speaking truth to power within the interpretive fields of semiotics and multimodal discourse.
Ajao Chukwudumebi Cynthia, Ayo-Balogun Atinuke Oluwatoyin, Oshai Uche Victoria
This paper has studied how inventory valuation techniques impact on financial performance of cooperative societies in Ogun State, Nigeria. Inventory valuation is a significant accounting practice, which dictates the cost of goods sold, the reported profit and the financial position of organisations in general. The research narrowly examined how the First-In, First-Out (FIFO), Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) and Weighted Average Cost (WAC) techniques affect cooperative financial performance and the overall impact of the techniques. The research design was a quantitative one. It was comprised of 356 registered production and marketing cooperative societies in Ogun State. It was calculated that a sample of 186 respondents will be used as a sample by using the Yamane (1967) sample size formula, and as a result, 147 valid responses were used to analyze the sample. The questionnaire was used to gather data on cooperative officers and accounting officers who dealt with inventory and financial management. The instrument was tested on the reliability coefficient of Cronbach which was 0.945. The data were analysed using SPSS version 26 using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Results showed that FIFO, LIFO, and Weighted Average Costs method is positively and statistically significant to the financial performance of cooperative societies. The joint analysis also suggests that inventory valuation procedures have a huge impact on financial performance. The paper concludes that proper inventory valuation procedures enhance financial reporting and organisational performance in societies that are cooperative.
Chukwuemeke Ufeli Ovili, Olubunmi Oluchi Egwu-Chukwu, Oluwapelumi Emmanuel Michael, Osahon James Ediae, Thaddeus Origho
This study investigates the sustainable design strategies implemented in selected youth centers in Nigeria, aiming to evaluate their contribution to environmental sustainability. A systematic review of existing literature served as the primary method for data collection, employing qualitative research techniques. The search utilized multiple search engines, including ResearchGate and Google Scholar, along with additional websites with relevant information on sustainable design strategies in youth centers. This review was limited to publications from the past ten years. The gathered data underwent content analysis, which was subsequently presented through thematic analysis. The findings indicate that none of the case studies sufficiently incorporated all necessary sustainable design strategies, particularly regarding energy efficiency and sustainable site utilization. This research underscores the significance of sustainable design strategies in promoting environmental sustainability in public buildings. Implementing these strategies not only reduces energy consumption but also offers additional environmental benefits, positively affecting both public health and stakeholder finances. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to the development of a framework that empowers building stakeholders to integrate sustainable design strategies at every stage of the building project life-cycle.
Janice S. Leal, Laizy Lyn C. Alarilla, Mark-Jay C. Primo, Noel B. Agustin
The study examined the investment practices and financial challenges faced by micro and small food enterprises in Guimba, Nueva Ecija. A descriptive-correlational study design was utilized in the study. A total of 40 business owners were purposefully selected to provide data using a structured questionnaire. This questionnaire evaluated factors such as capital allocation, reinvestment, financial planning, financial problems, and sustainability aspects. The results indicate that most firms were categorized as micro-scale, operated with a limited workforce, and produced minimal monthly income. Respondents generally demonstrated positive investing strategies, especially in capital allocation and reinvestment; however, their financial planning methods requires further improvement. The enterprises had considerable financial difficulties, particularly concerning credit accessibility, inconsistent cash flows, and escalating operational expenses. The findings of the study highlights that although micro and small food businesses has responsible financial behaviors, significant financial constraints hinder their long-term suitability.
Gladys S. Escarlos, Marian Mae H. Balase
This study presents a systematic review of empirical research on the K to 12 reform in the Philippines, with particular attention to implementation fidelity, learner outcomes, teacher capacity, and governance contexts. The Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, commonly referred to as the K to 12 reform, restructured the Philippine basic education system by extending schooling to 12 years, introducing Senior High School (SHS) tracks, and implementing mother‑tongue‑based multilingual education (MTB‑MLE) in the early grades. A decade after implementation, concerns remain regarding the reform’s effectiveness in improving learning quality, equity, and post‑school outcomes. Following systematic review principles, studies published between 2013 and 2024 were identified through searches of international and Philippine‑based academic databases and repositories. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed‑methods studies examining K to 12 implementation, access and participation, learning outcomes, Technical‑Vocational‑Livelihood (TVL) effectiveness, and governance factors were included. Given the heterogeneity of study designs and outcome measures, a narrative synthesis approach was employed. Findings indicate consistent expansion of access to secondary education, particularly through increased SHS enrollment among low‑income learners. However, improvements in access have not been matched by comparable gains in learning outcomes, with persistent low achievement in reading, mathematics, and science, especially in disadvantaged areas. Positive outcomes associated with MTB‑MLE and TVL programs were observed only where adequate teacher training, instructional resources, facilities, and industry partnerships were present. Shortages of subject‑specialist teachers and uneven local government capacity emerged as key constraints shaping reform outcomes. Overall, the findings suggest that while the K to 12 reform is structurally sound, its outcomes remain uneven and highly context‑dependent. Sustained investments in teaching quality, strengthened governance coordination, and robust monitoring systems are necessary to ensure that the benefits of extended schooling are equitably realized across all Filipino learners.
Abdul Rauf Ridzuan, Mohamad Hafifi Jamri, Mohd Sazili Shahibi, Muhammad Mirza Akmal Rasidi, Nazri Che Dom, Norsuriani Syamimi Shamsudin, Yusa Dyujandi
HIV cases have always been something that is an issue in Malaysia, especially among young adults, and the government has always tried to educate Malaysians about HIV either with campaigns or infographics that they share in social media. Even with all that, it seems like HIV cases keep rising each year and the number is getting bigger especially among university students. This research was made to identify if university students know how HIV is transmitted to others and are aware of how to prevent HIV. The research is made using a quantitative survey method through the distribution of a Google Form on 125 volunteering respondents. The end of the research resulted in the respondents showed a significantly above-midpoint level of knowledge (m=3.24) and level of awareness is also high (m=3.16).
Dr. Bishnupriya Mohanty, Haritra Devidas Sawant
Fistula-in-ano is a chronic granulomatous condition associated with high recurrence rates and postoperative complications. In Ayurveda, it is described as Bhagandara, for which Ksharasutra therapy is considered an effective para-surgical intervention. Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Ksharasutra therapy in the management of fistula-in-ano. Case Description: A 33-year-old male patient presented with persistent perianal discharge and pain for 6 months. MRI revealed a transsphincteric fistulous tract. The patient underwent Ksharasutra application combined with partial fistulectomy under local anaesthesia. Results: Complete healing of the fistula was achieved within 5 weeks. No complications were reported, and no recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow up period. Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of Ksharasutra may be attributed to its mechanical ligation and chemical cauterization properties, which facilitate debridement and healing. This case highlights that Ksharasutra therapy is a safe, cost-effective, and minimally invasive alternative to conventional surgical procedures in the management of fistula-in-ano.
Alessandra Joice Cruz, Armie V. Cruz, Gianne Precious V. Cruz, Jayme Ann DC. Santos, Jericho Theod Bartolome, Joel B. Faustino, Joseline M. Santos, Princess Angeli A. Roxas
The integration of EdTech tools in early childhood education involves data-driven resources to provide a meaningful learning experience for children. In line with the Department of Education’s policies on ICT integration, this study aims to design, develop, and validate the LakBayan: An Interactive Digital Storybook. The participants of the study included an intact section of 29 Grade 1 pupils and 6 evaluators. Using a descriptive-developmental design with a quasi-experimental approach, the study first described the learners’ baseline cognitive skills and the systematic development and evaluation process of LakBayan. Results revealed that post-test scores improved after the intervention. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores, evaluating the effectiveness of LakBayan in enhancing the cognitive skills of young learners. The study concludes that LakBayan is a reliable digital resource in ECE, with implications for parent guiding, teacher training, curriculum design, and policy development in the Philippine context.
Asmawi Ibrahim, Mohamad Hanif Azree Mohd Effendi, Naqeeuddin Roslan
The Kensiu language, an endangered Mon-Khmer tongue spoken by a specific Orang Asli subgroup in Malaysia, represents a critical facet of indigenous heritage currently facing threats from rapid modernization and socio-cultural assimilation. This study addresses the escalating problem of identity conflict among the younger generation of Kensiu speakers, who increasingly struggle to reconcile their traditional linguistic roots with the demands of dominant national and global identities. To investigate this phenomenon, a systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol. Data collection involved searching through three academic databases, specifically Science Direct and Scopus, utilizing a strategic keyword combination: "Kensiu language, identity conflict, Orang Asli, Indigenous people, cultural sustainability, and sociolinguistics." Following a rigorous screening process, a total of 46 primary studies (n=46) were identified and analyzed. The findings are categorized into three distinct themes: (1) Language, Sociolinguistics, and Communication, which highlights the shift toward dominant languages among youth; (2) Governance, Law, and Human Rights, focusing on the legal frameworks affecting indigenous autonomy; and (3) Socio-Cultural Identity, Heritage, and Community Wellbeing, which examines the psychological toll of navigating dual cultural worlds. The numerical results of this review demonstrate a concentrated but growing body of evidence regarding the vulnerability of the Kensiu community, with the 46 selected articles providing a robust basis for thematic mapping. The study concludes that identity conflict in Kensiu youth is a multi-dimensional issue resulting from a complex interplay of legal marginalization, linguistic displacement, and social pressure. Consequently, the research advocates for integrated policy reforms and community-driven initiatives that foster cultural pride and linguistic resilience to ensure the long-term survival of the Kensiu identity and heritage.
Bity Salwana Alias, Mohd Norazmi Nordin, Siti Norfatin Abdullah
Inclusive education has become a fundamental priority within contemporary education systems, particularly in responding to the varied learning requirements of students with special educational needs (SEN). Although inclusive education is strongly supported through international and national policy frameworks, many schools continue to encounter challenges in converting inclusive ideals into effective day-to-day practices. Research consistently identifies leadership as a decisive element shaping the success or failure of inclusive initiatives. This systematic literature review brings together recent empirical studies examining leadership practices that support the creation of inclusive learning environments for students with special educational needs (SEN), with a focus on leadership strategies, implementation barriers, and organisational responsibilities. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 48 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2022 and 2026 were sourced from the Scopus and Web of Science databases and examined through qualitative content analysis. Two primary themes emerged from the analysis: the role of leadership in promoting inclusive environments and the challenges involved in implementing inclusive practices for SEN students. The results indicate that inclusive practices are strengthened by visionary leadership, sustained organisational commitment, and collaborative engagement, whereas cultural, socioeconomic, and systemic limitations continue to hinder effective implementation. This review highlights the importance of school leaders adopting context-sensitive, resource-aware, and culturally responsive leadership approaches to achieve sustainable inclusive education. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers aiming to enhance leadership capacity within inclusive education contexts.
Kalu-okoro, U. A
This study examined the relationship between leadership styles and entrepreneurial orientation of selected fast-food enterprises in Owerri, Imo State. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. The accessible population was 235 employees of ten (10) selected fast-food enterprises in Owerri. The sample size of 148 was determined using Taro Yamane formula. Purposive sampling technique was utilized. The primary data was generated through structured questionnaire based on the 5-point Likert scale. 136 copies of questionnaires were retrieved and used for analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The reliability of the instrument was attained using the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scored above the threshold of 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. The tests were carried out at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed a significant and positive relationship between the dimensions of leadership styles and entrepreneurial orientation of fast-food enterprises in Owerri, Imo State. The study recommends among others that business owners and managers of fast-food businesses should mostly adopt transformational and servant leadership styles which fosters creative and innovative climate which aids employees to contribute their ideas, take calculated risks, enhances their motivation and engagement. Moreover, government agencies should design leadership focused capacity-building initiatives while policy makers introduce innovation-supportive policies that will help fast-food enterprises remain competitive and resilient in a rapidly changing business environment
Jesslyn Jane A. Del Rosario, Rodilyn C. Angligen
For a long time, education has primarily focused on curriculum and instruction, often overlooking the significant role of the physical school environment. However, the spaces where students learn classrooms, hallways, schoolyards quietly but powerfully shape their academic performance, behavior, and well-being (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2021). The significance of the learning environment aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, which advocates for inclusive, equitable, and quality education. It ensures that students learn in spaces that foster success. Additionally, it supports SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), as a clean, safe, and comfortable school environment can enhance student focus and well-being, while poor conditions can lead to stress, illness, and disengagement (United Nation, 2015). The physical school environment including classrooms, facilities, ventilation, lighting, and spatial organization plays a significant role in shaping students’ academic performance, behavior, engagement, and overall well-being (Brink et al., 2021; Sirojiddin, 2025). A well-designed learning environment does not only support cognitive development but also promotes motivation, comfort, and active participation among learners (Salar et al., 2024; Mallillin et al., 2025).These global initiatives highlight that quality education cannot be achieved without adequate learning environments that support both the physical and psychological needs of learners (UNESCO, 2020; UNICEF Philippines, 2022). Despite global recognition of the importance of learning environments, many schools particularly in developing countries continue to face serious infrastructure challenges such as overcrowded classrooms, inadequate sanitation facilities, poor ventilation, and insufficient learning resources. These conditions negatively affect both teaching quality and student academic performance (UNESCO, 2020; Baafi, 2020; World Bank, 2021). Research further shows that environmental factors such as classroom size, noise levels, lighting conditions, cleanliness, and availability of instructional materials significantly influence student learning outcomes and engagement (Widiastur et al., 2020; Tapia-Fonllem et al., 2020; Brink et al., 2021). Studies consistently demonstrate that classroom design and environmental quality directly affect student learning experiences. For instance, Barri (2020) found that classroom ownership, layout, lighting, and furniture positively influence student satisfaction, while poor acoustics, temperature, and cleanliness reduce learning comfort. Similarly, Widiastur et al. (2020) identified cleanliness, air circulation, and adequate facilities as major contributors to learning comfort. Sirojiddin (2025) further emphasized that classroom architecture and interior design significantly influence both academic success and emotional well-being. These studies collectively demonstrate that physical learning conditions are critical contributors to effective education. In the Philippine context, the Department of Education (DepEd) has introduced infrastructure improvement initiatives to ensure that student’s study in safe, conducive learning environments. Projects such as the Sanitation Appropriate for Education (SAFE) program aim to eliminate schools without access to water, sanitation, and electricity (DepEd, 2021). The goal is to provide students with well-maintained classrooms, functional furniture, clean restrooms, proper lighting, and good ventilation (UNICEF Philippines, 2022). Moreover, despite these initiatives, many public schools especially those in remote and underserved areas continue to experience infrastructure shortages. Persistent issues include classroom congestion, damaged facilities, outdated electrical systems, and lack of instructional resources (DepEd, 2022; World Bank, 2021; Navarro, 2022). Similar concerns were identified by Regidor et al. (2024) found that supportive physical environments significantly improve student motivation, further emphasizing the importance of improving school conditions. In recognition of the ongoing infrastructure challenges faced by many public schools in the Philippines, to help address these challenges, the Department of Education released DepEd Order No. 42, series of 2017, which introduced the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST). One important part of this framework is Domain 2, which focuses on the learning environment, includes six main areas: keeping students safe, treating all students fairly, organizing the classroom and materials well, helping all students take part in lessons, planning activities that are meaningful, and guiding students to behave properly. These areas help teachers find ways to support student learning despite poor classroom conditions. While teachers cannot always fix physical problems in schools, they can make sure that students still learn in a space that is respectful, secure, and focused. This shows that improving how teachers work in the classroom is one way to help solve larger problems in the education system (DepEd, 2017). Although a lot of studies have established that the physical learning environment influences student motivation, engagement, and academic performance (Baafi, 2020; Salar et al., 2024; Mallillin et al., 2025), some results remain inconsistent. For instance, Abarquez et al. (2025) found that high learner satisfaction with the learning environment did not necessarily result in improved academic performance, while Gaisiey et al. (2025) reported that physical and psychological environments did not significantly predict academic outcomes. These inconsistent results indicate a contradictory results gap, suggesting that the relationship between learning environment and academic performance remains inconclusive and requires further investigation. Moreover, most existing studies have focused on secondary and higher education learners (Barri, 2020; Ozcan, 2021; Regidor et al., 2024; Florescu 2020), while limited research has examined elementary pupils (Tapia-Fonllem et al., 2020; Conesa et al., 2022; Abarquez et al., 2025). There is a noticeable population gap in research on how the physical environment affects elementary learners, who may be even more sensitive to environmental factors due to their developmental stage (Widiastur et al., 2020). Additionally, while international studies strongly support the importance of school environments, there remains limited localized research examining the physical and psychological learning environments of elementary learners in the Philippine public-school context (UNESCO, 2020; Panulaya, 2024). Given these gaps, there is a clear need for more localized and context-specific research focusing on elementary learners, particularly in public schools where environmental challenges are more evident. There is also a need to examine both the physical and psychological dimensions of the learning environment simultaneously, as many previous studies have examined these variables separately. Addressing these gaps would provide a more comprehensive understanding of how learning environments influence academic outcomes among elementary pupils. This study is therefore timely and necessary as it sought to contribute empirical evidence on how physical and psychological learning environments influence the academic performance of elementary pupils. Specifically, this research aimed to assess learners’ satisfaction with the physical and psychological dimensions of their learning environment and determine how these factors relate to their academic performance. By addressing the identified research gaps, the study aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations that may help school administrators, teachers, and policymakers improve learning environments and strengthen educational outcomes. The study sought to contribute to the growing body of literature emphasizing that improving learning environments is not merely an infrastructure concern but an educational priority essential to promoting student success, well-being, and quality education.
Aris Munandar, Atmi Saidatin, Lalu Hadi Adha
The purpose of this study is to analyze the status and position of joint property still pledged as collateral in divorce cases and to analyze the basis of judges' considerations in deciding joint property disputes during divorce. This research employs normative legal research methods. The approaches used are the conceptual approach, the statutory approach, and the case approach. The legal materials utilized include primary and secondary legal sources, collected through library research techniques such as legislation, books, and other scientific works. All obtained legal materials were then analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that joint property used as collateral remains joint property even after a divorce; therefore, the rights and obligations remain attached to both parties and cannot be divided or transferred without the creditor's consent during the term of the credit agreement. The judges' considerations in several decisions essentially emphasize the certainty of the legal status of property acquired during marriage, the application of laws and regulations, including Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law, as well as facts presented in court. Furthermore, judges may ratify settlement agreements between the parties, provided they are entered into voluntarily and do not contravene the law or the principles of justice.
Jayson C. Talisayon, Mel Louie C. Suarez
This study explored the effectiveness of the Katarungang Pambarangay (KP) process and the challenges encountered based on the perceptions of the Lupong Tagapamayapa in Borongan City. As mandated by Republic Act No. 7160, Katarungang Pambarangay is an approach to resolving disputes in a friendly manner in order to reduce the burden of the judicial courts and promote social harmony in the community. A qualitative case study research design guided the research in gathering data through the use of semi-structured interviews with key informants such as the Punong Barangay, Barangay Secretary, and Lupon member. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the gathered information. Results showed that while Lupon members are familiar with KP procedures, they are not completely knowledgeable about the process due to insufficient training opportunities. Katarungang Pambarangay helps avoid unnecessary litigation expenses, speeds up the process, and bring peace in the community. Nevertheless, the difficulty in resolving emotionally charged cases, the lack of motivation and inadequate training are significant constraints for the process.
Raji-Ellams., Zaynab Bolanle
For decades, there has been an argument among analysts that the discourse of Western foreign policy has frequently posited military action against hostile states as a means to achieve stability in the Middle East. In early 2026, as the US-Israel military campaign against Iran escalated, there were conflicting claims on the legality and justification of the war. Opponents have claimed that the campaign is a breach of international law, while proponents refer to the UN Security Council resolutions on nuclear non-proliferation. Also, academic and media analysts have reported trends in Western media reporting, which, as they see it, are biased toward official sources and underreport civilian deaths, and which they refer to as structural bias instead of intentional malpractice (African News Agency, 2026). They are performing beyond the coverage of the war, as they have seemingly been part of the making of its excuses, laundering its legality and whitewashing its human price. The United States and Israel coordinated air and missile attacks on Iran on 28 February 2026, targeting the military, nuclear, and strategic command centres. One of the first attacks killed the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei (Al Jazeera, 2026). In just a few hours, a US Tomahawk cruise missile hit the elementary school of the Shajareh Tayyebeh girls in Minab city, Hormozgan Province, during school time. More than 175 people were killed in the explosion, and almost all of them were schoolgirls between seven and twelve years old (The Guardian, 2026; Wion, 2026). The Minab school incident which the Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi described as a war crime and crime against humanity had been covered differently by the media. The New York Times published a report headlined ‘Analysis Suggests School Was Hit Amid US Strikes on Iranian Naval Base’ (Wion, 2026), and linguistic analysis indicates that this headline uses passive constructions and attributes agency to the analysis as against the military men on the field. These framing decisions align with larger trends in media studies, where reporting on civilian casualties of allied or Western military strikes are more likely to adopt passive voice or nominalization than reporting on casualties caused by adversary actions. However, scholars are skeptical about whether this is a conscious bias, institutional habit, or a compliance with sourcing conventions. The overarching concern of this research is anchored on how the Western and Middle East news media differently frame the US-Israel war against Iran to justify military intervention, frame threat perception, and establish victimhood. To realise the objective, the study compares critical discourse analysis of the coverage of six outlets over three months of the initial period of the campaign. The theoretical framework combines the framing theory by Entman (1993) as the main analytical lens with strategic narrative theory as a supportive framework, which will be operationalised using the legitimation strategies proposed by van Leeuwen (2008). Notably, the second section of this paper is an overview of framing theory and strategic narrative theory as mutually reinforcing analytical approaches, including the limitations of each and the importance of their combination. Section three describes the methodology, such as the case selection, the sampling strategy, and the four-step analytic framework. The fourth section includes the comparative analysis of the three thematic dimensions of legitimacy construction, threat framing, and victimhood attribution. Section five presents findings in the context of existing media and war literature, specifically the propaganda model proposed by Herman and Chomsky (1988), the idea of grievable life by Butler (2009), and Orientalism by Said (1978). Section six draws conclusions regarding journalism ethics, audience reception, and future research.
Ansherina G. Sarmiento, Aurora E. Perillo, Esther G. Domingo, Joel B. Faustino, Joseline M. Santos, Julien Sophia S. Racelis, Ranz Erika I. Martin, Shaun Elle Margrette F. Penullar
The mastery of letter names and sounds is an important foundation for children’s early literacy success. However, many kindergarten pupils still struggle with basic reading skills. This study, “Letter Comes Alive: Enhancing Reading Skills Using Augmented Reality Flashcards in Kindergarten Pupils,” examined the effectiveness of augmented reality (AR) flashcards in improving early reading skills among non-reader kindergarten pupils. It aimed to explore how interactive tools can support early literacy development. The study used a quasi-experimental design to determine whether augmented reality (AR) flashcards could improve letter-name and sound recognition compared to traditional methods. Guided by theories of constructivist learning theory, experiential learning theory, cognitive theory of multimedia learning, and cognitive load theory. The intervention involved the use of AR flashcards during literacy lessons, in which pupils interacted with animated letters, matched sounds, and simple multisensory activities to support more effective early literacy development. The modified Quick Letter Name Knowledge Assessment and Letter Identification and Sounds Assessment were used for the pretest and posttest assessments to measure kindergarten pupils' progress. The results showed that AR flashcards helped improve recognition of letters and sounds, which increased pupils’ engagement, reduced learning difficulty, and encouraged a more positive attitude toward reading. The teachers and kindergarten pupils found that the AR flashcard was acceptable and useful as a teaching tool. The study adds to existing research on the use of AR in education by providing evidence from a local context. This supports the idea that the use of AR flashcards can help teach material that connects traditional and digital learning.
Angelica O. Mores., Eduard H. Mabanan, Hygeya G. Opiasa, Janet P. Bolante, Judy O. Cabueños, Nora Jane C. Diaz, Renno Jose B. Gabuya
This study examined the level of awareness of proactive approaches to academic stress management among Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) students of Samar Colleges, Inc. Using a descriptive design, data were collected from 40 students through a validated survey covering five dimensions: time management, academic planning, emotional regulation, physical wellness, and social support. Results indicated a generally high level of awareness, with stronger emphasis on social and academic strategies, while emotional regulation and physical wellness were only moderately recognized. No significant differences were found across demographic variables. These findings suggest that although students possess foundational knowledge of proactive coping, gaps remain in holistic stress management. The study highlights the need for interventions that strengthen emotional and physical dimensions of coping to support overall student well-being.
Florabel C. Lovido, Revina O. Mendoza
Writing proficiency is a fundamental academic skill that requires the integration of vocabulary knowledge, strategic regulation, and confidence in written communication. However, limited studies have examined the combined roles of lexical competence, metacognitive skills, and writing self-efficacy in relation to writing performance among struggling senior high school writers. This study examined the relationships among lexical competence, metacognitive skills, writing self-efficacy, and writing performance in a group of 149 struggling Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) writers in a selected school in Bukidnon during the School Year 2025–2026. Using a quantitative descriptive–correlational design, data were collected through the Lexical Competence Test, the Metacognitive Strategies of Writing Survey (MSWS), the Questionnaire of English Writing Self-Efficacy (QEWSE), and an analytic rubric for writing performance. Descriptive statistics, canonical correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that participants demonstrated a Fair level of lexical competence, with strength in word formation but weakness in collocation knowledge. Metacognitive skills were High, while writing self-efficacy was Moderate. Writing performance remained at a Fair level. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that lexical competence and metacognitive skills were significantly associated with writing performance, whereas writing self-efficacy was not. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the model was statistically significant; however, only lexical competence emerged as a significant predictor. The findings highlight the role of vocabulary knowledge in writing development. It is recommended that English teachers implement collocation-focused vocabulary instruction and structured writing supports to improve learners’ writing performance.
Aljosevan Soriano Evangelista
This study explored the lived experiences of beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in Barangay Quirino, Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. Specifically, it examined the beneficiaries’ living conditions prior to their enrollment in the program, their experiences during participation, and their present socioeconomic conditions after more than a decade of involvement. Understanding these experiences provides insight into how conditional cash transfer programs influence the lives of marginalized households. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with five long-term beneficiaries selected through purposive and snowball sampling. The participants were mothers who had been beneficiaries of the program for approximately twelve years. Interviews were conducted in Filipino to encourage open responses and were subsequently transcribed and translated for analysis. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes related to school participation, access to health services, and basic household needs. Findings revealed that prior to enrollment in the program, beneficiaries experienced severe economic hardship characterized by unstable income, food insecurity, and limited access to healthcare and educational resources. During their participation in the program, respondents reported improvements in supporting their children’s schooling and obtaining basic healthcare services due to the financial assistance provided. However, despite these improvements, many households continued to struggle with meeting basic needs due to rising living costs and limited livelihood opportunities. The study concludes that while the program contributes to improvements in human capital development, additional livelihood support and economic opportunities are necessary to ensure sustainable poverty reduction among beneficiary households.
Modou A. Sambou, Qorban Ali Nikzad, Yankuba Camara
This study examines how proficiency in Chinese language functions as a form of economic capital for alumni returnees from universities in mainland China. The study explores the processes through which proficiency in Chinese language is acquired and the ways in which it is mobilized non-Chinese speakers who studied in China to secure employment in home-country labor markets as well as the sectors that offer them employment. Anchored in Bourdieu’s theory of capital, the research conceptualizes language proficiency as a form of linguistic capital that can be converted into economic outcomes under specific social and structural conditions. The study employs qualitative case study design with snowball sampling to involve 23 participants. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and data was analysed using thematic approach. The findings reveal that the acquisition of proficiency Chinese is a cumulative and context-dependent process shaped by four key pathways which are structured classroom learning, immersive social interaction, self-directed learning practices, and engagement in academic and professional contexts. In terms of employment outcomes, the study identifies four primary mechanisms through which returnees convert their linguistic capital into economic capital which are direct recruitment by Chinese firms, the mobilization of alumni and professional networks, the strategic use of Chinese proficiency as a competitive advantage in the labor market, and the creation of entrepreneurial opportunities in translation and intermediary services. Five major sectors of employment, construction, trade and logistics, technology and telecommunications, translation services, and manufacturing, within which returnees predominantly occupy intermediary roles bridging Chinese and local actors. The findings demonstrates the growing importance of Chinese language skills as a strategic resource for employability in an increasingly interconnected global economy.
Dr. Shaha D. Mustapha, Norhan M. Abdulcarim, Sa-Adon M. Baro
This study investigated the socio-demographic profiles, lived experiences, and implicit mathematical concepts of quid chewers in four municipalities of Lanao del Sur, Philippines: Binidayan, Bayang, Tubaran, and Lumbatan. Using a qualitative descriptive design, data were collected from 20 purposively selected participants through semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that quid chewers represented diverse socio-demographic backgrounds in terms of sex, marital status, educational attainment, and occupation. Lived experiences highlighted initiation practices, habitual chewing patterns, physical and sensory effects, psychological impacts, and reflections on social and cultural contexts. Participants reported both immediate physiological responses and long-term dependence, while social interactions and cultural traditions shaped their motivations and persistence. Analysis of daily practices demonstrated that chewers employed implicit mathematical concepts, including estimation of consumption, rationing of quid portions, and timing of chewing episodes to regulate intake.
James L. Paglinawan, Raquel Nova T. Cahatol
This qualitative, descriptive‑phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of fifteen Grade 7 mathematics teachers in Bukidnon, Philippines, as they taught fundamental operations on integers. The aim was to shed light on the 'front-line' realities and post-pandemic context of teaching. Data collection involved brief online screening conversations and open‑ended digital prompts in English and Cebuano Visayan, producing detailed narratives of classroom experiences. Through thematic analysis and cross‑case synthesis, four main themes emerged: (1) The Cognitive Strain of Fragile Foundations, describing teachers' struggles with arithmetic deficiencies from elementary school; (2) Navigating the “Sign Rule” Confusion, focusing on students’ dependence on memorization, errors, and difficulty understanding operations and signs; (3) Resilience through Concretization and Gamification, showing teachers’ adaptations using kinesthetic, visual, and contextual strategies like the “Integer Walk” and “Kwarta ug Utang” (Money and Debt); and (4) The Emotional Weight of Affective Barriers, highlighting issues such as overcrowded classrooms, math anxiety, and the emotional effort needed to keep students engaged in resource-limited settings. The results revealed that students often enter junior high with unresolved gaps in fundamental operations, leading to cognitive overload and emotional stress for teachers when abstract integer rules are introduced. In response, teachers displayed resilience and pedagogical adaptability by redesigning lessons, contextualizing concepts, and using gamification to address learning gaps. The study emphasized that effective instruction depends on teacher flexibility and empathy, along with systemic support such as structured remediation, smaller classes, and better learning environments to enable teachers to serve as dynamic instructional leaders in remote and underserved schools.
Dr. Miguela B. Napier, Jasmin P. Moner
Child motherhood is a multifaceted and culturally ingrained phenomena influence by systemic disparities and societal standards. This study examined the lived experiences of Meranao women who became child mothers, focusing on the factors influencing their transition, the support structures that aided them, and the significance they attributed to their experiences. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological design, data were gathered through in-depth interviews with seven participants and analyzed by the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen technique. Finding showed theme 1 as the life as the turning point, theme 2, the Cultural Networks as a Source of Strength, Care, and Adaptation, theme 3, Theme 3: Motherhood as a Life Redirection. The child motherhood represents a notable period marked by an abrupt transition from childhood to maturity, influence by poverty, limited educational opportunities, and the premature domestic responsibilities. Nevertheless, these hurdles, participants were supported by strong cultural networks, especially familial and communal organizations that provided care, advice and sense of belonging. Over time, participants reinterpreted their experiences, converting child motherhood into a source of meaning, obligation and aspiration. This process reflects a shift from vulnerability to autonomy, where participants demonstrated a profound dedication to transforming the life of their paths of their children. The study concludes the child motherhood among Meranao women represents both a condition of constraint and catalyst for transformations, highlighting the necessity for culturally informed and community-oriented initiatives. These findings amplify the understanding of child motherhood and underscore the importance of including cultural context in policy and practice.
Winnie Amores-Bhagwani
This study was done to find out why some homeless beneficiaries of the Oro Alagang Pamilya Program are prolonging their stay as beneficiaries. The current duration of the program is 12 months. Each beneficiary is provided interventions and services within this period. Some families are observed to have marked improvement in their life conditions; however, some others have very little to no improvement at all. The researcher used a qualitative, phenomenological method of study. Three sets of participants were engaged in this study, the heads of families, a few children, and the handling social workers. The data gathering methods included focused-group discussion, in-depth interviews, and key informant interviews.Three themes came out after the data analysis, which are, experience of trauma, difficulty in complying with the requirements, and prolonged stay in the streets. The major difficulty experienced by the clients and the handling social workers were establishing their legal identities and to prove their residency so they could avail of high impact interventions such as permanent housing. Their experience of trauma, on the other hand, made it difficult for them to fully maximize the interventions provided to them..Despite the challenges, the prolonged beneficiaries were mostly grateful for the permanent housing service because it gave them a sense of permanence and security. But more than the physical house, the Program provided them the opportunity to hope for a better life for their children
Sweet Marie J. Tubio
Extracurricular activities, including school journalism and media competitions, are critical in the modern educational system in developing learners' overall growth (Armadi et al., 2024; Dung, 2024; Sternberg et al., 2024). School journalism and media competitions are fundamental platforms for the development of communication skills, critical thinking, and good citizenship among students (Almakaty, 2024; Fu & Ning, 2024; Kwigira et al., 2024). These competitions are typically coached by teachers and advisers, who serve as role models, guiding students through various levels of preparation and performance. Yet, despite the significance of these coaching positions, most educators face various challenges that can hinder effectiveness and student competition success (Fowler, 2025). Insight into the experiences of such coaches is essential for determining areas of support and improvement within school-based media programs.
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Rosejie C. Capisnon
This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of secondary students engaged in early labor while attending school at Angga-an Integrated School, Damulog, Bukidnon, during the 2025–2026 school year. Early labor remains a significant concern in economically vulnerable communities, yet the perspectives of student-workers are often underrepresented in educational research. The study aimed to understand the challenges students face, the circumstances that led them to work, the strategies they use to balance employment and schooling, and the support they believe is needed. Using purposive sampling, eleven participants who were actively engaged in work while enrolled in school were selected. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews, field notes, and reflective memos, then analyzed using thematic analysis. Trustworthiness was established through member checking, peer debriefing, reflexive journaling, and an audit trail. Four major themes emerged: (1) multidimensional burdens of work, including fatigue, stress, and limited social participation; (2) labor as a response to economic necessity, shaped by poverty, family responsibilities, and school-related costs; (3) resilience in balancing work and study through time management, adaptive coping, and persistence; and (4) the need for shared systems of support from families, schools, communities, and government institutions. The study concludes that early labor is not merely an individual choice but a response to structural inequality. Sustainable interventions should reduce educational barriers, strengthen learner protection, and expand support systems that enable vulnerable students to remain in school.
Mohd Zul Amirul Izwan bin Mat Deraseh, Muammar Ghaddafi Hanafiah
This study was conducted to analyze local wisdom in the management of domestic landscapes among the Malay community in Kelantan, focusing on the sustainability and functionality of house yards. Although the Kelantan Malay community is often associated with strong religious beliefs through the title 'Serambi Mekah' (Veranda of Mecca), the physical outdoor space of their homes is rarely viewed as a manifestation of systematic and holistic cultural wisdom. Therefore, this article aims to dissect how the yard is managed not merely for its aesthetic value but as a strategic zone that supports survival and reflects the local community's worldview. The methodology employs a qualitative approach with an ethnographic design through field research in the Kota Bharu District. Data was obtained via observation and semi-structured interviews with 7 informants, comprising local residents and mosque imams. The data was then analyzed thematically using the Malay Hygiene Model as the primary analytical instrument, which encompasses the concepts of Islamic cleanliness, social civilization, local wisdom and the traditional Malay house. The findings indicate that the management of this community's domestic landscape is centered on systematic spatial division. The front yard functions as an ecological and social buffer zone through the use of materials like white gravel. The side yard is optimized not only as a utility transition space but also acts as a "third space" and a visual privacy boundary for the family. Meanwhile, the back yard exhibits high local wisdom through the integration of a mini edible garden, the application of ethnobotanical knowledge for traditional food packaging materials and a sustainable food waste disposal cycle via small-scale domestic animal farming. The study concludes that yard management in Kelantan is a sustainable form of cultural technology that guarantees the sustainability of logistical resources, ecological balance, and the architectural identity of the nation.
James L. Paglinawan, Zairyl P. Gamayon
Beginning chemistry teachers often struggle to balance abstract content, diverse learners, and classroom management demands, yet little is known about how veteran chemistry teachers make sense of these early-career challenges over time.This study investigated how veteran chemistry teachers in Bukidnon interpreted their initial teaching experiences, the difficulties they encountered, and the ways these experiences shaped their current practices. Fifteen veteran chemistry teachers teaching at the senior high school and college levels in different schools in Bukidnon were selected through criterion-based purposive sampling and participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) design. Analysis revealed that early-career teaching brought excitement, anxiety, and “reality shock,” as participants realized that content knowledge alone was insufficient for effective chemistry teaching. They described difficulties in aligning lessons with the curriculum, simplifying complex chemical concepts, managing student behavior, addressing diverse learning needs, and coping with limited laboratory and instructional resources. Over time, they shifted from teacher-centered approaches to more student-centered, active-learning strategies, supported by mentoring, collegial guidance, reflection, and professional development. The findings underscore the importance of structured mentoring, practical preparation in classroom and laboratory management, and discipline-specific professional development for beginning chemistry teachers.
Marjorie S. Fernandez
Lack of awareness of teenage pregnancy among male adolescents is a global concern. I explored the perceptions of male adolescents towards teenage pregnancy. I used a qualitative descriptive research design and interviewed 10 purposively selected participants. Using thematic analysis, I found that male adolescents perceive teenage pregnancy as a burdened responsibility with significant emotional and financial demands, and as a broader social issue beyond individual concern. Family upbringing, peer influence, and social expectations shape their perceptions, highlighting the importance of parental guidance and open communication. Adolescents recognize the consequences of early pregnancy and the role of social institutions in guiding their values and behaviors. These factors collectively influence rational decision-making, encouraging maturity and thoughtful choices in relationships. Promotion of awareness that teenage pregnancy is a burdened responsibility influenced by social factors and consequences, through informed decision-making, open communication, and inclusive educational initiatives, is encouraged. Future research may include exploratory factor analysis, multiple linear regression, and case studies on teenage pregnancy to examine further and strengthen the understanding of adolescent decision-making and behaviors related to teenage pregnancy
Zulkiffly Baharom
This study provides a systematic bibliometric review of the worldwide research landscape in internal auditing, emphasizing key trends, major contributors, and emerging topics over the past fifty years (1970-2024). We employed a comprehensive bibliometric methodology to analyze 1,092 peer-reviewed articles from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. Using ScientoPy and VOSviewer, we conducted detailed analyses, including citation network mapping, topic visualization, and network analysis, all within a rigorous review process to ensure quality. The results reveal different patterns across databases: WoS continues to expand (AGR: 0.5%, h-index: 62), while Scopus shows a decline (AGR: -2%, h-index: 37). The United States remains a leading research hub (290 publications, h-index: 51), whereas Indonesia is emerging as a growth market (AGR: 4%). The Managerial Auditing Journal contributes the most scholarly work (169 publications; h-index: 35). Thematic analysis uncovers three interconnected research clusters focused on core auditing concepts, governance frameworks, and performance measurement methods. Limitations such as database coverage and language focus may restrict a full understanding of global research, highlighting the need for enhanced international collaboration and diverse theoretical perspectives to address regional research gaps. These findings provide valuable insights for scholars, auditors, and policymakers as they evolve internal auditing from a compliance function to a strategic organizational role in today’s global business landscape. This comprehensive review of global internal auditing scholarship identifies institutional biases and key areas for future theoretical development, supporting ongoing research efforts.
Oladipo Alaka (Ph.D)
Oil theft and pipeline vandalization continue to pose a severe threat to Nigeria’s economic development, Environmental Sustainability and National Security. This paper examines the existing legal framework in addressing the challenges of oil theft and pipeline vandalization. The paper examines the implications of oil theft on National revenue and huge revenue losses, environmental degradation, social instability and complex legal issues involved. The paper provides insights into the challenges in addressing the nature of oil theft, causes, implications and effectiveness or otherwise of the existing legal framework. The paper employed a comprehensive review of scholarly literature, case studies and legal instruments in oil and gas legislation. Additionally, it identifies major constraints in achieving just and sustainable resolution. The paper recommends the need for strategic planning and collective action towards mitigating the effects of oil theft and pipeline vandalization.
Amusa, S.O, Fadiji, A.A, Fatoki, M. S, Ganiyu, Y.A
This study investigates the stochastic behavior of rainfall in Nigeria using probabilistic modeling and Markov chain analysis. Recognizing the critical role of rainfall in agriculture, water resource management, and urban planning, the project captures inherent randomness, seasonal variability, and long-term trends in precipitation patterns. Monthly rainfall data from selected Nigerian cities were analyzed with WinQSB software to develop transition probability matrices for defined rainfall states: low, moderate, heavy, very heavy, and extremely heavy. The study derives transition probabilities, steady-state distributions, and recurrence times for different rainfall intensities. Analysis reveals significant persistence in low rainfall states and varied probabilities for transitions to higher intensities, offering insights into the likelihood of extreme rainfall events. Steady-state probabilities indicate the long-term frequency of each rainfall category, while recurrence times measure the average duration between similar events. Results confirm that Markov chain models are effective tools for predicting rainfall variability in a region characterized by climatic uncertainty. These findings have significant implications for enhancing early warning systems, optimizing agricultural practices, and guiding water resource management policies in Nigeria. Recommendations for future research include integrating hybrid models that combine traditional stochastic methods with machine learning techniques to further refine rainfall predictions and support adaptive climate strategies.
Elizabeth Titilayo Aduloju
Nigeria’s information landscape has changed rapidly as social media platforms increasingly mediate how citizens access, interpret, and share news. While traditional media bias in Nigeria has been widely documented, less attention has been paid to how algorithmic systems on platforms such as Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), TikTok, and YouTube shape public knowledge, amplify misinformation, and influence civic reasoning. This paper examines the intersection of media bias and information literacy in Nigeria, focusing on the role of social media algorithms in shaping visibility, engagement, and credibility within the digital public sphere. Drawing on conceptual literature on media bias, information literacy, and algorithmic governance, alongside qualitative analysis of documented Nigerian cases—including election misinformation, public health crises, and ethno-religious tensions—the study argues that algorithmic curation exacerbates existing structural biases while creating new forms of “algorithmic bias” that disproportionately affect low-literacy and highly vulnerable populations. The paper further demonstrates that limited algorithmic literacy among Nigerians increases susceptibility to misinformation and polarising content. It concludes by proposing a multi-level framework to strengthen information literacy, improve algorithmic transparency, and foster a fairer and more trustworthy Nigerian information ecosystem.
Grace Tafeni
This study examines the influence of media-driven climate change information on public perception, behavior, and livelihoods in Kamulanga Ward, Lusaka, Zambia. While media is widely recognized for its capacity to raise climate awareness, limited empirical evidence exists on whether such awareness translates into sustained behavioral and livelihood change in urban communities in the developing world. This study addresses that gap by examining the relationship between media exposure, perception, behavioral outcomes, and livelihood adaptation within a context shaped by socio-economic constraints. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative data collected concurrently and analysed separately before being integrated at the interpretation stage. Data were obtained from 105 respondents using semi- structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, one-sample t-tests, and ANOVA, while qualitative data were analysed thematically following Braun and Clarke (2006). The study was guided by Diffusion of Innovations Theory (Rogers, 2003; Garcia-Avilés, 2020) and Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 2010). Findings show that media significantly enhances awareness and shapes perceptions of climate change. However, this awareness does not consistently translate into behavioral change. Perceptions remained moderate and often neutral, suggesting that information is received but not fully internalised. Behavioral change was statistically significant but practically moderate and uneven, occurring most where information was actionable and locally relevant. Livelihood impacts were indirect and constrained by structural factors, including limited resources, infrastructure, and economic capacity. The study concludes that media-driven climate communication is necessary but insufficient. Its effectiveness depends on the interaction between communication quality, contextual relevance, and enabling socio-economic conditions. The study recommends a shift toward localized, participatory, and action-oriented communication strategies supported by multi-stakeholder collaboration and structural interventions.
Aina Nadira Mohd Ayob, Annis Rahmawaty, Mohd Izani Othman, Mohd Nadzri Mohd Najib, Muhamad Azim Azmi, Muhammad Azrul Zabidi, Nur Farah Dayana Azhan
Mental health issues among adolescents represent a significant and growing public health burden in Malaysia, with escalating rates of depression, anxiety, and stress recorded over the past decade. The widespread diagnosis and pharmacological management of these conditions has led to substantially increased consumption of psychotropic medications — including antidepressants, anxiolytics, and antipsychotics — with implications extending beyond clinical settings into the broader environment. This qualitative systematic review synthesises evidence on the prevalence, types, trends, and contributing factors of mental health disorders among Malaysian adolescents from 2014 to 2024, drawing on 19 peer-reviewed studies identified through Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Findings reveal a marked escalation in the prevalence of depression (8.85% to 34.84%), anxiety (10% to 57.68%), and stress across all reviewed intervals, peaking during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020-2022). From an ecopharmacovigilance perspective, the rising psychotropic drug burden associated with this epidemiological trend raises important concerns regarding pharmaceutical residues in wastewater and aquatic ecosystems. This review highlights the need for integrated surveillance strategies that address both the clinical and environmental dimensions of adolescent psychiatric pharmacotherapy in Malaysia.
Faasema Ngutor Ezekiel, Novikova V. P.
This article presents a linguistically oriented investigation of how images of the climate-changed future are constructed in African climate fiction (cli-fi), focusing on Nnedi Okorafor’s Noor and Alistair Mackay’s It Doesn’t Have to Be This Way. While both novels are frequently examined within speculative, postcolonial, and environmental literary studies, this article approaches them primarily as discursive artefacts through which futurity is linguistically assembled. It argues that posthuman and Afrofuturist futures are not merely represented thematically but are produced through patterned language use that shapes spatial perception, temporal orientation, ecological relationships, and embodied agency. Drawing on Critical Discourse Analysis, eco-linguistics, narrative stylistics, and pragmatics, the study demonstrates how metaphor, modality, pronoun choice, naming practices, and evaluative stance collectively construct a coherent image of the cli-fi future. In Noor, futurity is linguistically framed as a hostile yet navigable terrain through techno-organic metaphors, declarative syntax, and culturally grounded bilingual lexicons that position technological embodiment as adaptive agency. In contrast, It Doesn’t Have to Be This Way presents the future as fragile, relational, and collectively negotiated through eco-metaphorical imagery, modal uncertainty, and inclusive discourse patterns. Across both novels, cultural referencing operates as a stabilising linguistic strategy that sustains continuity between ancestral epistemologies and speculative futures. By foregrounding the discursive construction of futurity, this article contributes to cli-fi scholarship by demonstrating that African posthuman futures are linguistically imaged, culturally sustained, and ecologically embedded.
Faizul Ayupp Dino, John Francis Belen, Kedani Ganie, Khairunnisa Ibrahim, Nur Suriayanti Gadiman, Nurashikin Nazer Mohamed
This study examines the influence of microenterprises’ social media product information on consumer information adoption and purchase intention in Malaysia. Drawing on the Information Adoption Model, the study proposes that information credibility, information quality, and information usefulness influence consumers’ adoption of product information, which subsequently affects purchase intention. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to consumers in Malaysia who actively search for product information on microenterprises’ social media platforms. A total of 388 valid responses were analysed using Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS. The findings reveal that information credibility, information quality, and information usefulness all have significant positive effects on information adoption. Among these factors, information usefulness emerged as the strongest predictor. The results further indicate that information adoption has a significant positive effect on purchase intention. The proposed model explained 81% of the variance in information adoption and 62% of the variance in purchase intention. This study contributes to the literature by extending the Information Adoption Model to the context of microenterprises and social media marketing in Malaysia. The findings also provide practical implications for microenterprises by highlighting the importance of providing credible, high-quality, and useful product information to enhance consumer engagement and purchase intention.
Ednalene R. Lariego, James L. Paglinawan
This study investigated how Mindset Endurance AQ®, Stakeholders’ Support, and Organizational Climate influence the Conflict Resolution Proficiency of school administrators in the Department of Education, Region X (Northern Mindanao) during the 2025-2026 school year. Using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression, the study measured levels of Mindset Endurance AQ® (in Control®, Ownership®, Reach®, Endurance® via Badeo & Perido,2024), stakeholders’ support (in communication, resources, program involvement, and governance engagement via Rosales & Alzola, 2025), organizational climate (in leadership, professionalism, achievement orientation, and community engagement via adapted OCDQ-RE) and conflict resolution proficiency(Collaborating, Accommodating, Competing, Avoiding, Compromising via Gomez et al., 2022) of school administrators Findings revealed that school administrators consistently demonstrated high mindset endurance across all CORE® dimensions, particularly very high Ownership® and Reach®. Stakeholders’ support was very high across all areas, with strongest ratings in communication and governance engagement. Organizational climate was high overall, excelling in professionalism and community engagement. Conflict resolution proficiency was high, favoring compromising and accommodating styles. Statistical analysis showed significant positive relationships between conflict resolution proficiency and all three variables: mindset endurance, stakeholders’ support, and organizational climate. Among these, organizational climate through professionalism as the strongest predictor of conflict resolution proficiency, explaining over half the variation in proficiency. The study highlights the importance of empowering school administrators with strong Mindset Endurance, Stakeholders’ Support, and Organizational Climate to enhance Conflict Resolution Proficiency. The results suggest that targeted professional development, constructive feedback, and sustained organizational support are essential for enhancing proficiency, ultimately driving continuous improvement in schools across Northern Mindanao.
Dr Stephene Handa, Muchemi Moses Kamau
The African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) represents one of the most ambitious contemporary peace support operations, combining elements of peacekeeping, counterinsurgency, and state-building. Despite tactical gains against Al-Shabaab, the mission has struggled to produce sustainable strategic outcomes. This paper argues that ATMIS’s limitations stem from mission creep and conceptual drift, particularly its conflation of combat and war. Drawing on Clausewitzian theory, counterinsurgency scholarship, and peacekeeping literature, the study synthesizes arguments from leading scholars to demonstrate how the erosion of conceptual clarity undermines operational coherence, legitimacy, and long-term effectiveness. By blurring the distinction between combat as a tactical activity and war as a political enterprise, ATMIS has adopted a fragmented approach that prioritizes kinetic engagements over strategic political outcomes. The paper concludes that restoring conceptual clarity and aligning military action with political objectives is essential for the mission’s success.
Kabom Doruk, Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri
This study examines the mutidimensional role of Mithun (Bos frontalis ) in the socio-economic, ritual and political life of the Adi tribe of East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh. Drawing on primary data collected through participant observation, household surveys, semi-structured interviews and field observation supplemented by secondary sources, the paper analysis Mithun as a symbol of wealth, prestige and social security as well as a medium of exchange, compensation and political legitimacy. The findings reveal that Mithun occupies a central position in life cycle rituals, dispute settlement, clan conferences and electoral politics, while also functioning as a critical economic asset during health emergencies and household contingencies. In recent years, increasing demand, high liquidity and rising market prices have contributed to the commercialization of Mithun, particularly through the sale of meat. This transition reflects a broader shift for subsistence-oriented and symbolic use toward market- based exchange, with significant implications for cultural values and sustainability. The study highlights the changing dynamics of Mithun rearing and underscores the need to balance cultural preservation with emerging economic pressures.
Meriem Merabet, Nadjoua Bouzourine
This study examines the determinants of university professors’ digital trust in the Progress platform in Algerian higher education. Using a PLS-SEM approach and data from 382 professors, the study analyzes the effects of service quality, ease of use, security and information protection, technical stability and support, and academic suitability. The results indicate that security and information protection have the strongest and most significant effect on digital trust (β = 0.394, p < 0.001), followed by technical stability and support (β = 0.143, p = 0.045). In contrast, service quality and academic suitability show positive but non-significant effects, while ease of use has no significant impact. The model explains 46.4% of the variance in digital trust (R² = 0.464) and demonstrates strong predictive relevance (Q² = 0.385). The findings highlight that digital trust in institutional platforms is primarily driven by security and system reliability, emphasizing the importance of data protection and stable digital infrastructure in supporting higher education digital transformation.
Dr. Rhey Manuel A. Siao, Kryslen M. Serona
Employee turnover intentions have sparked a primary concern in the food business industry. Not many training and management programs were implemented to hone the employees’ personal and professional growth, considering that there was a shortage of skills and qualifications in this field. It was suggested that management had to consider an individual’s work preferences, as the nature of the environment consisted of people from different generational ages. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between talent management programs, person-environment fit, and turnover intentions, moderated by generational age, in the two main cities of the Province of Bukidnon, Philippines, with a total of 353 respondents. This study used a quantitative random-stratified sampling technique and ten in-depth interviews for triangulation. Findings revealed that talent management programs had no significant relationship with turnover intentions, while person-environment fit had a significant relationship with turnover intentions, which proves the importance of person-environment fit theory in this study. Among the generational ages, Generation X had the highest turnover intentions, followed by Generation Z and Generation Y. The analysis showed no significant difference between generational age and turnover intentions. The variables best influenced by turnover intentions are onboarding, person-organization fit, person-supervisor fit, and person-group fit. Using path analysis, generational age failed to moderate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. A retention policy review was developed based on the collective literature, triangulation, and the study's results and findings.
Ajua Grace Ajapbeniang
Papal visits to Africa have historically transcended their purely religious function, operating instead as instruments of moral diplomacy and soft power within contexts of political fragility and protracted conflict. This article examines the comparative significance of the 2009 visit of Pope Benedict XVI and the 2026 visit of Pope Leo XIV to Cameroon, with particular attention to their implications for peacebuilding within the context of the Anglophone crisis. Using a qualitative comparative approach grounded in the theories of religious diplomacy, soft power, and conflict transformation, the study demonstrates a clear evolution in papal engagement from a normative, preventive orientation in 2009 to a more direct and interventionist posture in 2026. While the 2009 visit emphasized continental reconciliation, justice, and moral renewal, the 2026 visit engaged explicitly with an ongoing conflict environment, including symbolic presence in affected regions and moral critique of governance failures. Empirically, the 2026 visit generated short-term effects, including a temporary ceasefire declared by some separatist actors. However, this de-escalation proved fragile, as routine “ghost town” operations and localized tensions resumed immediately after the visit, underscoring the limited durability of moral intervention in structurally entrenched conflicts. The study argues that although papal visits significantly shape peace narratives and mobilize moral authority, their capacity to produce sustainable peace remains constrained by governance deficits, fragmented conflict structures, and weak institutional mechanisms. By integrating African-centered scholarship and empirical evidence from Cameroon, the article contributes to broader debates on non-state actors in peacebuilding, highlighting the persistent tension between symbolic intervention and structural transformation in postcolonial conflict settings. Then symbolic intervention and institutional transformation in Cameroon’s peace process.
R. Vishnu Priya – Phd Scholar
Moongil Pallam is a remote tribal settlement located in the Amaravathi range of the Anamalai hills in Tamil Nadu, inhabited predominantly by the Pulaya (Pulaiyar) tribal community. The village reflects a long history of ecological adaptation, cultural continuity, and social cohesion shaped by forest environments. This article examines the origin, settlement history, subsistence practices, kinship structure, and cultural traditions of the community, drawing upon field observations and established anthropological scholarship. The study highlights the resilience of indigenous knowledge systems and the ongoing transformations experienced by the community in the context of modern development and conservation policies.
Shella May B. Belacas
This study examined the significance of the influence of motivation and hygiene factors on job satisfaction among public elementary school teachers of Kabacan, North Cotabato. A descriptive-correlational research design was utilized to investigate the relationship of the three variables. Additionally, stratified sampling was used to select respondents from public elementary schools. The responses from the validated adapted research instruments on motivation factors, hygiene factors, and job satisfaction were used as primary data for the study. The statistical tools used to analyze the collected data were mean, standard deviation, Pearson product-moment correlation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed that teachers exhibited a very high level of motivation primarily driven by intrinsic factors such as achievement, recognition, advancement, and growth. Similarly, the level of hygiene factors was very high indicating strong satisfaction with supervision, company policy, peer relationships, and job security, though salary and work conditions was very high. The level of job satisfaction was also very high with job responsibilities, work environment, and job security emerging as the strongest contributors. Correlation analysis showed that motivation factors have no significant relationship with job satisfaction whereas hygiene factors have a significant positive relationship. Regression analysis further confirmed that hygiene factors significantly predict job satisfaction, while motivation factors do not, explaining the variance in satisfaction levels.
James L. Paglinawan, Juren B. Ampong
This qualitative study looks at the real-life stories of fourteen mothers who are taking graduate studies while also caring for their families and working. Using a phenomenological approach, answers were gathered through Google Forms and then studied to find common themes. The results show four main areas: reasons for studying, challenges faced, strategies used, and advice for other mothers. The mothers shared that they study to grow in their careers, improve themselves, and inspire their children. These reasons connect with Knowles’ (1980) idea that adult learners are goal-driven and Ryan and Deci’s (2000) theory that people are motivated when they feel capable and free to choose. The mothers also talked about struggles with time, tiredness, stress, and money, which match Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) view that stress happens when demands are greater than resources, and Hobfoll’s (1989) idea that stress comes when personal energy and support are drained. To cope, they use schedules, set priorities, and ask for family help, which agrees with CohenMiller et al. (2022) and Cantero et al. (2024) who found that organization and support are key for student-mothers. The study concludes that while mothers face many challenges, their strength, discipline, and support systems help them succeed. It also suggests that schools and policymakers should give flexible programs and more support to mothers in graduate studies.
Annie Marmol-Dado, Imelda J. Rivera
This study determined the competency and implementation practices of the National Learning Camp volunteer’s basis in crafting an intervention in the public elementary schools in Jose Panganiban West District in the Division of Camarines Norte. Specifically, it determined the level of competency of the volunteers in the implementation of National Learning Camp in terms of teaching and learning resources and facilities, teaching and learning pedagogies, learners’ assessment, teachers’ assessment, and teachers’ professional development; the level of implementation practices of the National Learning Camp volunteers along the aforementioned variables; analyzed significant relationship between the level of competency and implementation practices of the National Learning Camp volunteers; identified challenges; and proposed interventions.
Margie G Mingoy, Philip N Talay
Disaster is defined as an unexpected natural or man-made catastrophe of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life or sometimes permanent change to the natural environment. Each disaster is unique in that each affected region of the world has different social, economic, and health backgrounds. While disaster response operations are crucial in ensuring that immediate help will be given to all affected communities provided usually by the uniformed personnel, specifically in the disaster response.
Bagnaan, Sheva Marie L.
The study utilized qualitative research particularly phenomenology aimed to explore and understand the lived experiences of the public elementary school teachers in Mawab District, Davao de Oro, in navigating curriculum transition from K–12 to MATATAG, particularly during its initial stages of implementation. It examined their experiences including the challenges they encountered, the coping mechanisms they employed, and the insights they offered to strengthen school system, and community support. The study employed phenomenological design which involved focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed qualitatively using Colaizzi’s method to derive the most emergent theme per research question. This study revealed that the lived experiences of teachers during the curriculum transition were marked by limited pedagogical knowledge, increased workload, and resource constraints. To address these challenges, the findings showed that teachers adopted a growth mindset and used collaborative strategies. Furthermore, the insights shared by participants for the academe and the wider community highlighted the importance of proactive adaptation to curriculum changes and stronger administrative support in schools.
Jinky H. Ledesma, Joel M Durban
This study explored the lived experiences of public elementary school teachers managing inclusive classrooms, focusing on how they support learners with diverse needs. Using a qualitative phenomenological design guided by Colaizzi’s framework, in-depth interviews were conducted with three experienced teachers. Analysis identified eight themes: professional transitions, managing classroom diversity, differentiated instruction, systemic challenges, professional growth, emotional commitment, resilience, and career stability, organized into four dimensions: professional, instructional, emotional, and institutional. Findings show that teachers continuously adapt instruction, develop resilience, and refine professional skills while navigating diverse learner needs and systemic constraints. Effective inclusive education emerges from the combined influence of professional development, instructional flexibility, emotional dedication, and institutional support. The study highlights the importance of teacher training, ongoing professional learning, and supportive school structures to sustain inclusive practices in public elementary schools.
Nurulhuda Adabiah Mustafa, Seri Aina Saffiya Ruslen, Tuan Damia Qistina Tuan Rusmadi
This paper analyses the complex conflict between cultural practice and universal human rights in the Malaysian pluralistic legal system. Marked by the co-existence of civil and Syariah law, the Malaysian system is often faced with jurisdictional uncertainties that affect the rights of vulnerable populations, namely, women and children (Hua, 2016; Noor and Lee, 2023). The study examines the ways in which the principle of cultural relativism tends to override the general norms of human rights through a qualitative analysis of the constitution using a doctrinal analysis of constitutional provisions, in this case Article 121(1A) and landmark judicial rulings. The discussion penetrates controversial topics like child marriage and jurisdictional questions in interfaith marriages. The results indicate that, despite legal pluralism's embrace of diversity, it is often associated with loopholes in rights protection when not interpreted in context. The paper suggests adopting inclusive constitutionalism and the broader use of maqāṣid al-shariah as avenues to reconcile religious jurisprudence with international human rights principles, and, finally, legislative changes as a means to protect core liberties.
James L. Paglinawan, Shenna Vale P. Ancajas
The study explores the lived experiences of novice mathematics teachers in large public schools in the Philippines. The study aims to understand the motivations, challenges, coping strategies, and pedagogical insights of teachers handling diverse learner groups. Using a phenomenological research design, 12 novice mathematics teachers were purposively selected, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis identified five key themes: (1) commitment to student empowerment and educational impact, (2) influence of prior experiences and teacher role models, (3) classroom management and diverse learner needs, (4) collaborative and adaptive teaching strategies, and (5) patience, flexibility, and student-centered approaches. Findings reveal that teachers are intrinsically motivated to foster student confidence and engagement despite challenges posed by large class sizes, varying learning abilities, and limited instructional resources. The study underscores the importance of mentorship, professional development, and adaptive teaching practices in enhancing teacher efficacy and student learning outcomes. These insights provide valuable implications for educational policy, teacher training programs, and school-level strategies to support novice mathematics educators.
Mastura Mahfar, Norezlin Sulaiman
The rapid expansion of digital technology has intensified adolescents’ exposure to cyberbullying, creating a pressing need for structured school-based intervention. This study examined the need to develop a group guidance module grounded in Choice Theory Reality Therapy (CTRT) for cyberbullying victims in Malaysian secondary schools. A quantitative survey design was employed, involving 81 secondary school counsellors in Johor. A researcher-developed questionnaire was distributed online via Google Form and analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings demonstrated a strong need for a structured intervention module. Specifically, 72.8% of respondents reported that there were no specific guidelines for handling cyberbullying victims, 60.5% reported lacking the skills to handle such cases, 85.2% had already received clients who were victims of cyberbullying, 85.8% agreed that school counsellors should conduct intervention programmes such as group guidance, 95.1% expressed confidence in applying CTRT to support cyberbullying victims in school, 100% agreed that they needed knowledge on implementing the cyberbullying intervention module using the CTRT approach, and 98.8% supported the development of a CTRT-based intervention module. Additional need-analysis findings showed that 72.8% perceived the absence of specific guidelines for managing cyberbullying victims, 60.5% reported limited skills in handling such cases, 85.2% had already encountered cyberbullying victims in school counselling practice, 85.8% agreed that counsellors should implement intervention programmes such as group guidance, and 98.8% supported the development of a cyberbullying intervention module based on CTRT. Supplementary student-side findings further indicated that 52.8% of students had experienced cyberbullying at least once. Overall, the study provides clear empirical support for the development of a structured, theory-driven, and school-based CTRT module to assist counsellors in responding to cyberbullying more systematically and effectively.
Dr. Aisha Kamran Siddiqui, Prof. Dr. Rossazana Ab-Rahim
Institutional support for serial entrepreneurs remains an underexplored area within Pakistan's entrepreneurial ecosystem, and this study addresses that gap by investigating what institutional mechanisms exist for serial entrepreneurs and where critical structural deficiencies persist. This study employs a qualitative phenomenological design, collecting primary data through semi-structured interviews with seven purposively selected expert informants representing national incubation centers, government policy bodies, financial institutions, chambers of commerce, and private consultants, three of whom are active serial entrepreneurs in dual institutional roles, providing practitioner-embedded perspectives alongside institutional viewpoints. The findings reveal a functionally active yet structurally misaligned ecosystem in which no formal institutional pathway targets serial entrepreneurship as a distinct support category. General-purpose institutions, including the National Incubation Centers, SMEDA, and the Bank of Punjab, provide essential but non-scalable support, while informal social capital mechanisms such as kinship networks (Baradi) and resourceful improvisation (Jugaar) substitute for absent formal provision in ways that are inequitable and invisible to policy design. This study introduces the concept of a Serial Entrepreneurship Support Void at the transition stage between venture failure-exit and new venture re-entry and proposes the Institutional Ecosystem Support Model for Serial Entrepreneurs in Compound-Uncertainty Environments as its primary theoretical contribution. Three theoretical propositions are advanced and situated within comparative evidence from Nigeria, Egypt, Vietnam, and Bangladesh, positioning the study within a broader emerging economy scholarship. The findings indicate that serial entrepreneurship must be recognized as a distinct institutional demand category within Pakistan's SME policy framework, and that ecosystem resilience under compound uncertainty requires purposefully designed re-entry programming rather than expanded general startup support.
Jean-François Kouadio*
For decades, development economics has struggled to explain why well-designed, evidence-based poverty interventions fail in culturally rich, trauma-affected communities. Standard models — neoclassical, behavioural, or institutional — treat poverty as purely economic, cognitive, or structural, but never as a simultaneous product of neurobiology, culture, and historical trauma. This article introduces Neuroanthropological Economics (NAE) as a future interdisciplinary discipline, grounded in the Neuro-Anthropological Leadership Model (NALM) developed through doctoral research in Nederburg, Western Cape, South Africa (Kouadio, 2026). NAE proposes that economic behaviour emerges from the simultaneous interaction of three constitutive systems — neural substrates (stress and reward neurochemistry), cultural practices (transmitted value frameworks and institutional logics), and historical legacies (trauma embodied in physiological hypervigilance) — and that poverty is best understood as a neuro-cultural trap: a self-reinforcing system in which scarcity generates chronic neural stress, which impairs cognitive function, which perpetuates economically short-sighted behaviour, which reproduces scarcity. This definition is not metaphorical; it is grounded in the neurobiological literature on cortisol, prefrontal cortex impairment, and amygdala hyperreactivity under chronic stress. The article establishes the future NAE's theoretical foundations through six core concepts derived from NALM: (1) the neuro-cultural trap; (2) oxytocin-dopamine trust loops; (3) cortisol-mediated institutional distrust; (4) the Cultural Appropriateness Score (CAS); (5) biometric indicators as leading predictors of economic behaviour; and (6) the Financial Resilience Index (FRI). It articulates five methodological principles, positions NAE in comparative dialogue with behavioural economics, development economics, anthropological economics, trauma-informed development, and neuro-anthropology, and proposes a global research agenda structured around seven testable hypotheses and three foundational cross-disciplinary questions. NAE's claim is not merely academic. By incorporating neurobiological, cultural, and historical dimensions into economic frameworks, it offers a more complete, humane, and effective approach to development policy — one that respects the brain's hardware, culture's software, and history's lasting inscriptions on both. This article argues that NAE constitutes a genuine disciplinary breakthrough: not an incremental extension of existing paradigms, but a reconceptualisation of the foundations of economic behaviour itself.
Md. Kamrul Hassan Tuhin, Md. Mahadi Hasan, Md. Shahriya Mannan, Md. Taharim Ahmed
Digital education has transformed traditional educational methods, offering an adaptable, scalable, and often more accessible format for delivering business education to students and professionals globally. This research paper examines the impact of digital platforms on business education, emphasizing the benefits, challenges, and emerging trends that influence learning outcomes and student engagement. By analyzing tools such as learning management systems, online simulations, and immersive technologies, this paper explores how digital platforms support knowledge retention, real-world application, and continuous skill development. The paper concludes with an exploration of future directions in digital education for business, emphasizing the growing importance of hybrid models, lifelong learning, and soft skills integration.
Pham Nhan Hoa
Assessing the seismic vulnerability of modern structural systems traditionally relies on idealized Fixed Base Building assumptions, which inherently neglect the critical flexibility introduced by the foundation and the surrounding geotechnical environment. This assumption can lead to significant miscalculations in structural demand and capacity. This paper presents an advanced computational framework that integrates a lumped parameter Soil-Structure Interaction model with Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis to evaluate the true seismic capacity of three-dimensional spatial frames. By representing the multi-layered soil-pile system as a condensed network of dynamic springs and dashpots, the study bridges complex substructure dynamics with performance-based capacity evaluation methodologies. A 9-story steel benchmark building, subjected to varying non-uniform soil conditions, is utilized to demonstrate the proposed analytical framework. The numerical investigation reveals that foundation flexibility significantly alters the fundamental dynamic characteristics of the structural system. In the nonlinear regime, Soil-Structure Interaction significantly shifts the target roof displacement, exacerbates P-Delta effects due to rigid-body base rotation, and redistributes the formation sequence of plastic hinges compared to the conventional Fixed Base Building model. Furthermore, analysis indicates up to a 17.3% increase in column base shear demands under specific soft-soil pile group configurations. The findings provide vital recommendations for structural design engineers, emphasizing that the rigid base assumption may non-conservatively estimate story drift, ultimate ductility, and the overall collapse mechanism of earthquake-resistant high-rise structures.
Dr. Prajisha P., Dr. Rahul K., Dr. Rajimol M.S.
The construction sector is one of the most labour-intensive yet hazardous segments of the informal economy. Workers are exposed to multiple occupational risks, including work at height, heavy manual labour, dust and cement exposure, unsafe machinery, heat stress, dehydration, and musculoskeletal strain. This study examines occupational health risks and the associated health-care burden among informal construction workers in Kerala using primary data from 243 workers across various occupational categories. The findings reveal that occupational health outcomes are shaped not only by working hours but also by exposure conditions, safety practices, and access to basic amenities such as drinking water and health insurance. Approximately one-fourth of workers reported work-related injuries within the past year, while protective equipment usage remains irregular. Heat stress and dehydration emerge as critical concerns, compounded by inadequate access to safe drinking water. The study highlights that health-care burden extends beyond treatment expenditure to include substantial wage loss, particularly among daily wage workers. The paper argues for a comprehensive occupational health framework integrating preventive safety measures, worksite welfare facilities, insurance coverage, and income protection mechanisms.
Cristine G. Nombrado, Leo D. Rayon, Jr.
Reading proficiency is fundamental to learners’ academic success and lifelong learning; however, persistent gaps remain, particularly among Indigenous learners in the Philippines. Despite ongoing reading initiatives, limited research has examined how reading teachers implement reading programs within culturally diverse contexts such as that of Ata-Manobo students. This study aimed to explore the practices, challenges, and strategies of reading teachers implementing reading programs for Ata-Manobo learners. Anchored in a qualitative case study design within a social constructivist framework, the study involved purposively selected reading coordinators and teachers. Data were generated through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that reading teachers implemented contextualized reading practices, including remedial and enhancement programs, structured procedures, and learner-centered approaches. However, they encountered significant challenges such as weak parental support, low student participation due to socio-economic demands, and limited instructional resources. In response, reading teachers employed adaptive strategies, including interactive and collaborative pedagogies, contextualization or indigenization of materials, principle-based instructional approaches, and personal initiatives such as home visitation and use of self-funded resources. The study underscores the need for culturally responsive and context-sensitive reading programs, strengthened school-community partnerships, and sustained institutional support to address structural and resource-related constraints. These findings contribute to improving reading program implementation for Indigenous learners and inform policy and practice in inclusive education.
Cynthia S. Superable, Isabel Ma. Kaye L. Dagpin
Operating room nurses are responsible for maintaining strict aseptic procedures to prevent surgical site infections. Understanding the role of their training and work experience is essential in examining factors that influence adherence to these practices. This study looked into the operating room nurses’ training and work experience on aseptic procedures adherence among nurses in Zamboanga del Norte. This study employed a descriptive-correlational design and was conducted in three hospitals in Zamboanga del Norte. Using purposive sampling, 120 operating room nurses from selected public and private hospitals were selected as respondents. Data were gathered through validated questionnaires on OR nurses’ training, work experience and adherence to aseptic procedures. Statistical analyses including average weighted mean, Pearson’s r correlation and regression analysis were used to interpret the findings. The study found that nurses perceived their operating room training as very adequate and their work experience as very great extent. All adherence indicators were rated very high, reflecting strong awareness of infection risks. Strong positive correlations were observed between OR training and adherence domains, while work experience was positively associated with compliance to aseptic procedures. Communication skills, confidence in decision-making, clinical judgment and team collaboration were identified as key predictors of adherence to aseptic practices. It is concluded that OR training and work experience enhance nurses’ skills and awareness, while judgment, proficiency and teamwork promote adherence to aseptic procedures. Operating Room nurses may engage in training, hands-on experience and teamwork to enhance skills and adherence to aseptic procedures. Infection prevention education may be reinforced and future research should examine team dynamics and leadership in sustaining aseptic practices.
Deenaa L A, Dr.K.Kaavya
Softrate Technologies (P) Ltd., like many emerging IT firms in Chennai, faces intensifying pressure to acquire and retain B2B clients in a market characterised by rapid digital disruption and heightened competitor density. An effectively designed B2B sales funnel helps move potential clients systematically from initial awareness to final purchase decisions. Inefficiencies in lead generation, poor lead qualification, prolonged sales cycles, and inconsistent follow-ups can result in lost business opportunities and hinder growth. This study examines the B2B sales funnel and client acquisition processes at Softrate Technologies (P) Ltd., Chennai, with the aim of identifying challenges and exploring strategies to optimize lead generation, conversion, and retention. A structured questionnaire was administered to 150 respondents using convenience sampling. Statistical tools including percentage analysis, Chi-Square tests, and ANOVA were applied. The findings reveal that LinkedIn outreach is the most preferred channel, lead qualification is the most commonly included funnel stage, and long decision cycles represent the primary challenge in lead conversion. The study provides actionable insights to improve sales efficiency, reduce customer acquisition costs, and drive sustainable business growth through systematic and data-driven B2B sales approaches.
Alaa Eldin Ibrahim, Maatouk Khoukhi, Narmeen Tariq Abu Hilal
This research addresses the critical need to enhance energy efficiency and indoor comfort in high-rise residential buildings located in hot climates, focusing on Abu Dhabi (AD), UAE. With the increasing prevalence of full glass facades in such buildings, the demand for air conditioning (AC) rises significantly due to higher heat gain. This study aims to provide practical solutions for architects, engineers, and policymakers to optimize energy performance while ensuring occupant comfort and well-being through efficient natural ventilation systems. By investigating the potential of architectural passive design principles and natural ventilation strategies, the research seeks to minimize AC energy consumption by maximizing natural airflow. Methodologically, a mixed-method approach incorporating quantitative and qualitative analyses is employed. Utilizing tools such as questionnaires, documents, records, and case studies, the study examines the existing energy performance of buildings, identifying opportunities for improvement. Additionally, simulation tools like eQuest are utilized to model energy consumption patterns under various scenarios, allowing for the evaluation of different strategies. The research focuses on the hot and humid climate, particularly during peak months like August, using realistic weather data to inform the analysis. The findings underscore the potential of optimizing natural ventilation to alleviate the energy burden on cooling systems while maintaining indoor comfort. By identifying and implementing effective strategies, such as optimal operable window sizes and architectural design modifications, the study aims to contribute to the development of more sustainable and comfortable living environments. In conclusion, optimizing natural ventilation emerges as a promising approach to address energy efficiency challenges.
Daniel Quainoo, Elizabeth Anan-Prah, George Nuer Appertey
Despite laudable arguments raised as to the role of commitment in shaping employees’ performance, empirical evidence on the individual dimensions remains mixed. Particularly, prior studies have not conclusively established whether the dimensions exert equal predictive effects on employee performance. In line, this study aims to investigate the effects of organisational commitment on employee performance among staff at the transport section of the University of Cape Coast. Specifically, three main research objectives were formulated, which sought to examine the effect of affective, continuance and normative commitment respectively on a multidimensional measure of employee performance. The target population for the discourse were all the staff at the transport section of the University totalling 175 employees. Due to the participants’ small number, the census method was employed out of which 170 responses were received. A closed ended questionnaire was employed to solicit data from participants. For the analysis, structural equation modelling with the aid of the SMART PLS-SEM software was used. The study found that both affective commitment and continuance commitment respectively had significant effects on employee performance. The normative commitment however had an insignificant effect. The study recommends that management of the University tailor initiatives aimed at strengthening the affective and continuance commitment of employees at the transport section through compensation programs and development opportunities that reward excellence for sustained security to consequently drive heightened performance.
James L. Paglinawan, Maria Kristine Ellen L. Lagura
This study examined the relationship among organizational cohesion, e-competence, monitoring and evaluation practices, and managerial proficiency of school administrators. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were gathered from school administrators through a structured survey questionnaire. The study focused on five dimensions of organizational cohesion, five indicators of e-competence, five areas of monitoring and evaluation practices, and five dimensions of managerial proficiency. Results showed that school administrators generally demonstrated high to very high levels across all variables. Organizational cohesion was strong, particularly in shared vision and trust building. E-competence was also highly evident, with information literacy and cyber leadership obtaining the highest ratings. Monitoring and evaluation practices were very highly practiced, especially in outcome tracking, resource audit, and data adjustment. Managerial proficiency was likewise rated highly, with strategic planning and performance control emerging as strengths. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships among organizational cohesion, e-competence, monitoring and evaluation practices, and managerial proficiency. Regression analysis further showed that resource audit under monitoring and evaluation practices was the best predictor of managerial proficiency. These findings suggest that administrators who foster cohesion, strengthen digital competence, and apply systematic monitoring and evaluation are more likely to demonstrate stronger managerial proficiency. The study concludes that effective school leadership requires not only technical and administrative competence but also collaborative, data-driven, and digitally responsive practices.
Karim Hassanali Omido, Kevin Were Isaac, Meshack Mwandoe Pongah, Patrick Mutua Kimaku
This study examined the relationship between organisational culture and change management in Kenyan parastatals, with specific focus on the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA). The study sought to determine how organisational adaptability, mission alignment, bureaucratic norms, and the alignment of organisational culture with change management strategies influence the implementation of change initiatives and overall organisational performance. The research was guided by Schein’s Organisational Culture Model, Denison’s Organisational Culture Theory, Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model, and the Burke–Litwin Model of Organisational Change. A positivist research philosophy and descriptive research design were adopted to generate objective and quantifiable findings. The target population consisted of 357 employees stationed at KRA Times Tower, drawn from various departments. Using stratified random sampling and Yamane’s formula, a sample size of 188 respondents was selected. Data were collected using structured questionnaires based on a five-point Likert scale. Validity was tested using the Content Validity Index (CVI), while reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha with acceptable values above 0.7. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS. The findings revealed that organisational adaptability, mission alignment, and cultural alignment positively influenced change management, while bureaucratic rigidity negatively affected implementation. The study concluded that flexible structures, clear organisational purpose, and supportive culture improve employee engagement, reduce resistance to change, and enhance institutional performance. It recommends promoting adaptability, reducing excessive bureaucracy, strengthening mission clarity, and fostering a collaborative culture to support sustainable organisational change in Kenyan parastatals.
Anecil S. Quijano-Pangutayao, Dexter Neil B. Guden, James Karlo S. Maiso, Maryjoy S. Bacus, Wenielyn G. Nilo
This study examines the multidimensional organizational development capacity of coconut farmer cooperatives in Camarines Sur, Philippines, addressing a critical gap in the literature that often treats cooperative performance as fragmented or purely economic. Using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design, qualitative insights from 20 cooperative leaders were integrated with survey data from 99 respondents to assess key dimensions, including leadership, resource management, operations, financial governance, and external linkages. Findings reveal that while cooperatives demonstrate relatively strong leadership and material resource management, financial management remains the weakest dimension, constraining long-term sustainability. Persistent challenges, such as low member participation, aging membership, and limited youth engagement, further compound institutional vulnerability. Drawing on social capital theory, resource dependence theory, and systems thinking, the study shows that cooperative performance is shaped by the interaction of internal capacities and external networks. The results highlight a condition of “partial organizational maturity,” where operational stability coexists with structural fragility. The study contributes a theoretically integrated and empirically grounded framework for understanding cooperative development and offers policy-relevant insights to strengthen financial governance, participatory leadership, and multi-stakeholder collaboration, thereby enhancing resilience and competitiveness in agricultural cooperatives.
Michelle C. Luad, Raul C. Orongan
This study explored how organizational support and teaching engagement influence the technological proficiency of teachers in District 4 of Quezon, Bukidnon, for SY 2025-2026. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 305 public and private elementary and secondary teachers through complete enumeration. Findings revealed that teachers generally perceive organizational support as strong, as they receive guidance, assistance, and resources from colleagues, supervisors, and their institutions. Teachers also showed high levels of engagement, especially in emotional, cognitive, and social aspects, indicating their active involvement in teaching and interaction with students and peers. Moreover, teachers demonstrated high technological proficiency, particularly in using digital platforms, managing technical tasks, and ensuring information security. Significant relationships were found between most aspects of organizational support, teaching engagement, and technological proficiency, except for emotional engagement. These findings indicate that support from colleagues, supervisors, and institutions, along with active engagement in teaching, contributes positively to teachers’ ability to use technology effectively. Continuous support and training are recommended to further enhance technological proficiency.
Lily Joy B. Torres, Rosemarie H. Galleto
Reading is a foundational skill in early childhood education that significantly influenced a child’s ability to comprehend, evaluate, and interact with written texts. It played a crucial role in academic success and lifelong learning, as it served as the basis for acquiring knowledge across subject areas. Strong reading skills enabled learners to think critically, communicate effectively, and actively participate in society. In this regard, literacy development was directly linked to Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which aimed to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. Strengthening early reading proficiency was therefore essential in addressing educational inequalities and achieving sustainable development.
Cathrine L. Tomas, Lea B. Del Rosario
Early literacy is universally acknowledged as the foundation for lifelong learning, academic success, and holistic development. It is during the formative years, typically from birth to age eight, that children acquire foundational skills in reading, writing, and communication. These skills are integral not only to academic achievement but also to overall personal and social development (Saracho, 2023; Salvatierra & Cabello, 2022).
Dongran Niu
Enhancing university teachers’ competence in using information technology has become an increasingly pressing concern as higher education undergoes digital transformation. This study investigates how instructional support services can contribute to this goal, an issue that remains underexamined in the existing literature. The research adopts the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework and employs a qualitative case study methodology. The analysis identifies four main pathways through which instructional support services facilitate teachers’ technological capacity development. First, technology empowerment assists instructors in moving from basic operational familiarity to skillful application of digital tools. Second, curriculum-driven support helps teachers naturally integrate technology into instruction during online course development and lecture recording. Third, competition-led encouragement motivates faculty to apply a combination of pedagogical and technical knowledge under performance pressure. Fourth, research collaboration deepens teachers’ understanding of technology through engagement in scholarly projects. These pathways are mutually reinforcing and collectively enhance teachers’ overall TPACK competence. The study also reveals persistent challenges, including insufficiently tailored support, a lack of long-term development mechanisms, superficial research collaboration, and weak incentive structures. In response, the paper proposes the establishment of discipline-specific support systems, sustainable professional development mechanisms, the transformation of technical staff into genuine research partners, and improved incentive frameworks. By shifting the perspective from individual teacher learning to the enabling role of institutional support services, this research offers practical insights for higher education institutions seeking to strengthen their instructional support systems. Future research could examine the generalizability of these pathways across different institutional contexts in multiple follow-up studies.
Elisa C. Operario, Ericson D. Acebedo, Julius Ken P. Badeo, Louise R. Horca, Rodel B. Ponferrada
This study examines the impact of the Pagpapahalaga sa Kalikasan project implemented by Eastern Visayas State University (EVSU) at Villaconzoilo Farm Resort, focusing on how ecological solid waste management (ESWM) training influenced the lived experiences of community partners. A qualitative phenomenological research design was employed, involving purposively selected employees and members of the resort who directly participated in the training. Data were gathered by means of semi-structured interviews and analyzed through Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method. Findings revealed that the training facilitated value-based environmental awareness, strengthened workplace waste management practices, and promoted sustained pro-environmental behavior among participants. In addition, the study highlights how university-led community engagement initiatives can generate broader institutional and social impacts beyond knowledge acquisition. The study contributes to sustainability and community engagement research by emphasizing the role of culturally grounded environmental values, workplace-embedded experiential learning, and the influence of transient stakeholders in sustainability initiatives. Moreover, the study provides practical insights for improving SUC-led environmental programs and strengthening university–community partnerships in disaster-prone regions.
Kharen Laiza T. Sorino
Instructional diversity and strategic teaching practices support responsive teaching, student engagement, and meaningful learning. Although emphasized in contemporary education, few studies have examined how school administrators and teachers perceive these practices in the same context. This study assessed perceived instructional diversity and strategic teaching practices among school administrators and teachers, explored differences between these groups, and investigated the relationship between instructional diversity and strategic teaching. A quantitative descriptive–comparative and correlational design involved 389 school administrators and 1,000 teachers from selected schools. Data were collected using a validated survey with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.83. Responses on a six-point Likert scale were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and Pearson correlation. Findings showed both administrators and teachers reported very high levels of perceived instructional diversity and strategic teaching practices as “Always Manifested.” Administrators reported slightly higher perceptions of instructional diversity, but no significant difference was found in strategic teaching practices. Correlation analysis indicated a moderate positive relationship between perceived instructional diversity and strategic teaching. These findings suggest diverse instructional approaches and strategic pedagogical practices are interconnected and crucial for effective teaching and meaningful learning in educational settings.
Jabes V. Pontongan
Low motivation of students in science remains. This study examined learning motivation in science as predicted by perceived teaching behavior and academic resilience. Predictive research design was used. 178 randomly selected data from STEM students were analyzed via multiple linear regression. It was found that learning motivation in science was significantly forecasted by the predictors, partly affirming self-determination theory. Future studies may include other variables, replication of the method in other settings to account for the remaining 76% variance in the strength of the model. Qualitative study may identify themes which may be considered as potential factors.
Chidiebere Nneka Martins, Gbubemi Rita Dore
This study investigated the perception of city dwellers towards the production of energy-efficient bulbs and its influence on pro-environmental conservation behaviour in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria. The study was guided by two research questions and two corresponding null hypotheses. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population comprised residents of Port Harcourt City and Obio-Akpor Local Government Areas of Rivers State. A sample of 396 respondents was selected using stratified random sampling technique. A researcher-developed questionnaire titled Perception of Energy-Efficient Bulb Production and Pro-Environmental Conservation Behaviour Questionnaire (PEEBPECBQ) was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by experts in Educational Psychology and Measurement and Evaluation. Reliability was established using Cronbach’s Alpha, yielding a coefficient of 0.76, which indicated acceptable internal consistency. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while independent samples t-test and regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses and determine predictive relationships at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that respondents from higher socioeconomic status had a significantly more positive perception of energy-efficient bulbs and stronger pro-environmental conservation behaviour than respondents from lower socioeconomic status. Similarly, graduates demonstrated significantly more favourable perceptions than non-graduates. Regression results further indicated that socioeconomic status and educational qualification significantly predicted perception of energy-efficient bulb adoption. The study concluded that socioeconomic and educational factors are important determinants of positive environmental behaviour and acceptance of sustainable energy technologies. It was recommended that government agencies, environmental organisations, and educational institutions intensify awareness campaigns, provide subsidies, and integrate environmental education into formal and informal learning systems.
ADEWUMI Eniola Marvelous, ADEWUMI Idowu Israel, ADEWUMI Praise Damilola
Social media addiction has emerged as a growing concern among students in Colleges of Education, particularly due to its psychological effects. This study examined the perception of social media addiction and its influence on the mental health of National Certificate in Education (N.C.E.) final-year students at Kwara State College of Education, Oro, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Using stratified random sampling across all five schools in the college, data were collected from 146 students (out of a total population of 231) using two validated instruments: the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), which ensured standardized and reliable measurement of the study variables. Both descriptive and inferential statistical tools were employed for data analysis. The results revealed that 82% of the students perceived social media addiction as a real and harmful phenomenon. Commonly reported symptoms included anxiety, poor sleep patterns, low concentration, emotional fatigue, and reduced attention to academic activities. Furthermore, 72% of students living off-campus reported frequent exposure to mental health challenges due to excessive social media use. The findings also indicated that 51.4% of the respondents were male. A statistically significant association was found between social media addiction and mental health symptoms (r = 0.275, p < 0.001). The study concludes that the perception of social media addiction plays a critical role in shaping students’ mental health and recommends targeted awareness programs, counseling interventions, and digital hygiene education within the college environment.
Farheen Siddiqui, Homa Rizvi, Vineet Pal, Yukti Verma
Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in the development of smart sustainable cities by enabling efficient management of urban resources and improving the quality of life for citizens. Smart cities utilize advanced technologies such as machine learning, Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and intelligent automation to enhance infrastructure, transportation, healthcare, energy systems, and environmental management. This research paper explores the role of Artificial Intelligence in transforming traditional urban systems into intelligent, sustainable, and eco-friendly environments. AI-based solutions help optimize traffic management, reduce energy consumption, improve waste management, monitor environmental conditions, and enhance public safety. The proposed framework demonstrates how AI can be integrated into city management systems using structured data collection, real-time monitoring, and predictive analytics. The study also discusses challenges such as data privacy, infrastructure cost, and ethical concerns associated with AI adoption. The results indicate that AI-driven smart city systems significantly improve resource efficiency, sustainability, and urban living standards.
Mr. Musinguzi Godard, Mr. Omoding Christopher
This study examined the effect of performance appraisal on employee performance at Ruhoko Health Centre IV in Ibanda District, Uganda. The study was guided by the objective of assessing how appraisal practices influence employee performance in the health sector. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted, involving 60 respondents comprising health workers and management staff. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. Findings revealed that performance appraisal significantly influences employee performance through feedback provision, accountability enhancement, and motivation. However, concerns were raised regarding fairness, transparency, and consistency of appraisal processes. Correlation analysis indicated a strong positive relationship between appraisal and employee performance (r = 0.586, p < 0.01). Regression results confirmed that appraisal significantly predicts employee performance (β = 0.287, t = 3.92, p < 0.01), explaining a significant proportion of variation in performance outcomes. The study concluded that effective appraisal systems enhance employee performance in health facilities, although improvements in fairness and transparency are necessary. It recommends strengthening appraisal systems through clear performance standards, regular feedback, and capacity building for supervisors.
Anselm Su Ting, Dayang Suhana Abg. Madzhi, Helmy Hazmi, Lim Siong Hee, Neilson Richard Seling, Romano Ngui, Sam Froze Jiee, Timothy Adrian Joseph Jinam
This study investigated pesticide residues in raw water from the Sarawak Kiri River catchment, a critical drinking water source supplying the Batu Kitang Water Treatment Plant in Sarawak, Malaysia. Despite the presence of surrounding agricultural activities, comprehensive multi-residue analysis covering acid herbicides, organochlorine, organophosphate pesticides, and other herbicides revealed concentrations below method detection limits in samples collected in January 2025. While these findings suggest an absence of detectable contamination at the point of abstraction, interpretation requires caution. Non-detection does not necessarily equate to absence of risk, particularly given temporal variability, episodic runoff events, and limitations inherent in analytical detection thresholds. The apparent absence of pesticide residues may reflect a combination of low-intensity agricultural practices, effective riparian buffering, hydrological dilution due to high rainfall, and regulatory protection of the catchment.
Dr. ADEGOKE Sunmola Kadiri, Professor ADEPOJU Taiwo Lanre (PhD)
The significant contribution of a well-planned investment in education to industrial revolution is very obvious, considering the rate at which countries like Japan, China and other industrialized countries rose to their enviable state of industrial and economic development today. Unlike the Developed Countries (DCs), Third World Countries or Less Developed Countries (LDCs) are facing several challenges. Among the challenges are poor educational planning and implementations of policy statements. Such challenges have indeed impeded the expected industrial revolution and economic development in the affected countries. By implication, there is no short-cut to development in whatever form. A country that adequately plans and invests substantially in human capital will develop rapidly. The human capital theorists have also subscribed to this thesis. This paper is an explorative analysis that examines the influence which effective educational planning could have on industrial revolution and economic development in Nigeria. Some issues and challenges in respect to industrial revolution and economic development were also discussed in the paper. It also examines the status of higher education and holders of higher education degrees in Nigeria vis-à-vis her economic development. The paper finally presents some conditions that should be considered for effective planning of higher education towards possible industrial revolution and economic development in Nigeria.
Afizan Amer, Albert Feisal @Muhd Feisal bin Ismail, Irwan Ibrahim, Kamarudin Abu Bakar, Mariam Miri Abdullah
Digital platforms have become critical market infrastructure in tourism destinations, yet their implications for firm resilience remain underexplored. This study examines how platform dependence shapes the financial resilience of tourism small and medium enterprises in Melaka, a mature heritage destination exposed to overtourism risks. Drawing on platform ecosystem theory and resource dependence logic, the study proposes a structural model linking platform dependence to financial resilience through pricing power erosion and demand volatility, with branding capability as a moderating resource. Survey data from 320 tourism firms were analysed using structural equation modelling. The findings show that platform dependence improves short-term occupancy performance but significantly reduces pricing power and increases demand volatility, which in turn weakens financial resilience. Branding capability mitigates these adverse effects by stabilising demand and preserving partial pricing autonomy. The study extends tourism platform research by repositioning platform dependence as a structural vulnerability rather than a purely distributional advantage and highlights the need for capability-based strategies to enhance destination-level resilience.
M Al-Imran Yasin, Md Rozalafri Johori, Nor Azura Adzharuddin
This study examines the influence of the political economy of media on the dual role of Islamic television broadcasting in Malaysia, which functions as both a religious institution and a commercial industry. However, previous studies have focused more on program content and da‘wah messages, while empirical investigations remain limited on how the structure of political economy shapes the institutional and industrial roles of Islamic television. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of commodification, structuration, and spatialization on the institutional roles and the industrial roles of Islamic television broadcasting in Malaysia. This study employed a qualitative phenomenological design, with data collected through 22 in-depth interviews involving producers, station management, and Islamic television personalities, supported by a focus group discussion (FGD) with four informants consisting of an Islamic TV personality, two academics in broadcasting, and senior station management, as well as field observations. Data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti version 7.1, while the validity of findings was strengthened through data and method triangulation as well as informant verification (member-checking). The findings show that commodification turns Islamic content, broadcast slots, and religious personalities into commodities; structuration reflects the influence of government regulation, partisan politics, and institutional governance in shaping the identity of Islamic television; while spatialization emphasizes digital reach, audience interactivity, and narrowcasting strategies. In conclusion, the three dimensions of the political economy of media create tension between the ideals of da‘wah and the realities of commercialization, thereby demanding a more sustainable institutional–industrial balance to ensure the continuity of Islamic broadcasting in Malaysia.
Alican B. Karim, Laurence Nichol B. Bedia, Maria Araceli C. Juliano
John Rawls’ model of justice as fairness serves as the philosophical lens through which this paper studies transitional justice and reconciliation in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The mechanisms of transitional justice in post-conflict societies have the aim of compensating for the historical injustices, rebuilding legitimate institutions and restoring trust between the communities affected by violence and structural inequality. In the Bangsamoro situation, perhaps the most damaging complaint has been the land dispossession, which has marginalized, caused conflict and entrenched inequalities. Using a qualitative philosophical methodology grounded in textual and conceptual analysis, the study evaluates whether BARMM’s transitional justice mechanisms embody Rawlsian principles of equal basic liberties, fair equality of opportunity, and the difference principle. The research examines legal documents, peace agreements, transitional justice reports, and scholarly literature, while engaging philosophical critiques of Rawls by thinkers such as Iris Marion Young, Amartya Sen, Charles Mills, Susan Moller Okin, and Michael Sandel. The results suggested that the TJ mechanisms of the BARMM had elements reflective of Rawlsian principles, in that they were aimed at the reform of institutions, reparations, truth-seeking and reconciliation to restore justice and legitimacy. Nevertheless, the study shows that Rawls’s framework is not sufficient to tackle completely structural land injustice caused by historical dispossession. Land injustice in BARMM violate Rawls’s principle of fair equality of opportunity which according to Young can be as a structural injustice that disables the capabilities, dignity, and active political participation of marginalized groups. To address these limitations, the study proposes a Rawlsian-Complementary Framework for Post-Conflict Ethics, integrating Rawlsian institutional fairness with rectificatory justice, structural justice, and restorative justice. This framework emphasizes the need to correct historical injustices, transform institutional structures that perpetuate inequality, and promote moral repair and reconciliation in post-conflict societies. The study contributes to political philosophy by demonstrating how Rawls’s theory of justice can inform transitional justice while also highlighting the need to expand normative frameworks to address non-ideal conditions shaped by historical injustice and structural inequality. In the context of BARMM, justice requires not only fair institutional arrangements but also the rectification of historical harm and the restoration of dignity and social cooperation among affected communities.
Ahmad Luqman Zulkefli, Akmaliza Abdullah, Arieff Salleh Rosman, Azhar Jaafar@Ramli3, Fakhrul Irfan Ishak
This article analyzes the relationship between the level of mastery of fardhu ‘ain knowledge (Aqidah, Fiqh, and Tasawwuf) among contemporary Muslims and the challenges posed by postmodern thought. Employing a qualitative research design through a systematic literature review, the study examines the direct impact of postmodern epistemological deconstruction on the intellectual structure and religious practice of the Muslim community. The findings indicate that postmodern thought, characterized by the rejection of absolute truth (meta-narratives), the adoption of relativism, and a paradigmatic shift toward anthropocentrism, has triggered a crisis of meaning, skepticism toward revelation, and the rejection of religious authority. At the same time, the level of Muslims’ mastery of fardhu ‘ain knowledge is found to be at a concerning stage, as it suffers from disciplinary fragmentation, remains largely theoretical and static, and is increasingly exposed to “digital taqlid” and forms of religiosity driven by social validation (performative piety). These weaknesses expose society to moral relativism, a spiritual crisis, and the normalization of lifestyles that conflict with Shariah principles, such as LGBTQ+ practices. In addressing these challenges, the study concludes that the teaching and transmission of fardhu ‘ain knowledge must be transformed through a holistic framework grounded in the Hadith of Jibril. The integration of Iman (Aqidah) as the foundation of worldview, Islam (Fiqh) as a system of law, and Ihsan (Tasawwuf) as an ethical compass is essential for constructing a resilient civilizational ecosystem. In conclusion, an integrated mastery of fardhu ‘ain constitutes a critical intellectual defense mechanism to ensure the sustainability of Islamic civilization and to safeguard it from the challenges of secular pragmatism and the crises of the 21st century.
Peter Mweetwa, Sami Colley, Tatiana Tombom Djassi
Power dynamics and organizational politics are central features of organizational life that shape employee attitudes, behavior, and workplace outcomes. This study investigated the relationships among expert, legitimate, and coercive power, organizational politics, perceived fairness, motivation, productivity, psychological safety, and voice behavior. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected in China from 12 December 2025 to 20 March 2026 through a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms, WhatsApp, WeChat, and campus recruitment. A total of 312 valid responses were analyzed. The instrument consisted of 27 Likert-scale items measuring the nine constructs. Data were analyzed in Python using Google Colab. Reliability analysis showed strong internal consistency for all scales (Cronbach’s α ranging from 0.854 to 0.915). Pearson correlation results indicated that coercive power was positively associated with organizational politics (r = .496, p < .01), while expert power (r = −.228, p < .01) and legitimate power (r = −.236, p < .01) were negatively associated. Organizational politics showed significant negative correlations with perceived fairness (r = −.562), psychological safety (r = −.589), motivation (r = −.522), productivity (r = −.439), and voice behavior (r = −.518). Perceived fairness emerged as a central connecting construct across outcomes, and psychological safety displayed the strongest positive association with voice behavior (r = .682, p < .01). Multiple regression confirmed coercive power as the strongest predictor of organizational politics (β = 0.452). Mediation analysis further revealed that perceived fairness partially mediated the negative effects of organizational politics on employee outcomes (38–45% mediation). These findings highlight that the way power is exercised strongly influences the political climate and, in turn, key employee outcomes. Organizations should reduce coercive practices and build fair, competence-based, and psychologically safe environments to enhance motivation, productivity, and constructive voice.
Mohd Khairul Nizam Bin Ismail, Mohd Mohadir Harun, Noorazyla Binti Nasri
Industrial Training is a compulsory component of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Malaysian polytechnics, providing students with structured workplace exposure prior to professional employment. Despite its recognised importance, limited research has explored how pre-training perceptions collectively shape anticipated career outcomes within the Malaysian polytechnic context. This preliminary study examined the level of and relationships among three pre-training constructs — readiness and knowledge, expectations of organisational support and work environment, and concerns about Industrial Training — and their associations with expected skills and career development outcomes. A quantitative ex-post facto design was adopted, involving 33 Semester 5 students at Sultan Idris Shah Polytechnic, Selangor, Malaysia, selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a 20-item structured questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale, adapted from established work readiness and employability frameworks. Reliability analysis produced an overall Cronbach’s alpha of .962, confirming excellent internal consistency. Descriptive findings revealed that all four constructs were rated at a very high level (M = 4.39–4.64), reflecting broadly positive pre-placement orientations. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive relationships between all three independent variables and expected career development outcomes: readiness and knowledge (r = .661, p < .001), organisational support expectations (r = .621, p < .001), and concerns (r = .533, p = .002). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the three predictors collectively accounted for 49.6% of the variance in expected career outcomes, F(3, 26) = 8.519, p < .001, Adjusted R² = .438. Although individual predictors did not reach statistical significance, likely due to multicollinearity arising from the small sample size, the overall model remained statistically robust. These findings provide initial directional evidence that pre-training perceptions encompassing readiness, workplace expectations, and psychological concerns are meaningful early driving factors of anticipated career development pathways. Future research with larger, multi-institutional samples is recommended to confirm and extend these preliminary findings.
Tomo Djudin
This quasi-experimental design study with a 2x2 factorial design aimed to determine the simultaneous effect of the application of the POE (Predict, Observe, Explain) learning model and self-efficacy on students' ability to understand science concepts. The target population of this study were all elementary school students in Singkawang City. Samples were taken using cluster random sampling techniques. Five public elementary schools were selected as experimental groups and 5 schools as control groups totaling 235 students. There were 3 (three) main instruments in this study, namely; Lesson Implementation Plan (RPP), Concept Understanding Test, and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Based on data analysis, the following findings were obtained: (1) The POE learning model and self-efficacy simultaneously influenced students' ability to understand concepts on heat transfer material; (2) The understanding of science concepts among students involved in POE model learning was better than those involved in conventional learning on class heat transfer material; (3) self-efficacy influenced POE Model learning and did not influence conventional learning; and (4) There is an interaction effect between learning models and self-efficacy on understanding science concepts. In-depth analysis can be done by involving other factors; for example; learning independence, learning style, or the use of interactive media.
Kamau David Mwangi, Patrick Dan Mukhongo
The general objective of this study was to examine the influence of process integration on implementation of affordable housing construction projects in Mombasa County, Kenya. This study was anchored by contingency theory and adopted cross-sectional survey research design. The target population of the study consisted of six (6) major affordable housing construction projects being implemented in Mombasa County, Kenya, and those formed the unit of analysis. The target population was considered to be appropriate because of the uniqueness and contemporary nature of the projects, given the publicity and push by the central government. Primary data was collected by use of structured questionnaires from specialist staff, consultants and contractors’ representatives who formed the unit of observation. Pilot testing was undertaken using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26, to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The study used proportionate stratified random sampling to select study respondents. The significance of the statistical model was tested through analysis of variance where beta coefficient showed the change in dependent variable for one unit change in the independent variable and assisted in drawing conclusions for the study. The study found that process integration influenced implementation of affordable housing construction projects in Mombasa County, Kenya noting that most project institutions had clear project objectives. The study recommended the adoption of process integration in implementation of affordable housing construction projects since it bridges the gap between planning and execution, reducing cost overruns and delays.
Janet Asenwa Lunayo, Kenneth Luseno Andanyi
As a component of the global cooperative system, consumer cooperatives in Kenya play a significant role in the execution of national social and economic policies. Financial institutions have adapted to change by taking advantage of the opportunities provided by information and technology. Financial innovations that are embraced by Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs) include the creation of new goods and innovative methods of product delivery to consumers. Consumer cooperatives in Kenya play a crucial role in implementing national social and economic policies, particularly through Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs). These financial institutions have adapted to changes by leveraging information technology to create innovative products and improve delivery methods. However, SACCOs face stiff competition from commercial banks and microfinance institutions. The study sought to investigate the relationship between financial innovations and the financial performance of SACCOs, focusing on their impact before, during, and after the pandemic. Utilizing panel data methodology, the study analyzed 45 registered Deposit Taking SACCOs in Nairobi City County from 2018 to 2022, employing secondary data to draw conclusions. The findings revealed a negative correlation between product innovations and financial performance, indicated by negative coefficients in Return on Assets (ROA). To SACCO effectiveness, the study recommends several strategies. It emphasizes the need for public education on internet banking and suggests that SACCOs develop more user-friendly, multifunctional products to better meet customer needs. Investing in information and communication technology (ICT) for process automation is also vital to streamline operations. Additionally, improving marketing techniques is essential to enhance customer experience, reduce wait times, and minimize inefficiencies. SACCOs are encouraged to adopt innovative financial strategies to boost overall productivity, profitability, and market share. The regulatory body, SASRA, should implement effective regulations and monitoring systems to support these innovations. Overall, the study highlights the importance of ongoing innovation and effective management in improving the financial performance of SACCOs within a competitive landscape.
Emelyn V. Eben, Gladys S. Escarlos
This study examined the relationship among professional development, digital proficiency, and instructional competence of teachers in response to the increasing demand for quality and technology-integrated education. A quantitative research design employing the descriptive-correlational method was utilized. Data were gathered through standardized scales for professional development (α=0.956), digital proficiency (α=0.989), and instructional competence (α=0.974). Findings revealed that teachers demonstrated a moderate to high level of professional development, digital proficiency, and instructional competence. Moreover, results indicated a significant positive relationship between professional development and instructional competence, as well as between digital proficiency and instructional competence. Additionally, professional development was found to be significantly associated with digital proficiency. The study concludes that both professional development and digital proficiency play crucial roles in enhancing teachers’ instructional competence. It is recommended that school administrators and policymakers design and implement targeted professional development programs that integrate digital skills training to further improve teaching effectiveness.
James L. Paglinawan, Princess Damie Jane P. Torayno
The primary aim of this study was to determine the predictors of instructional competence among novice basic education teachers, considering professional development and social support networks for the school year 2024-2025. The participants in the study were randomly selected public elementary and secondary school teachers from the Valencia City division. The study utilized a descriptive -correlational research design. The statistical techniques employed were descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. Descriptive analysis indicated that commitment to ongoing learning consistently emerges as the strongest predictor. The research results suggested that novice teachers who are more committed to continuous professional growth tend to demonstrate higher instructional competence. On the other hand, engagement in collaborative learning also showed a significant contribution, indicating that participation in collaborative activities such as peer discussions and group learning enhances instructional competence. The results implied that instructional competence among novice basic education teachers is significantly influenced by both their commitment to professional growth and the level of support they receive from their environment. Teachers who actively engage in continuous learning and collaborative practices, while also receiving strong support from their community and peers, are more likely to demonstrate higher instructional competence.
N. D. Gunasekara
Professional ethics play a vital role in shaping the integrity, fairness, and credibility of higher education institutions. This study investigates the level of ethical awareness, confidence in ethical practice, and the challenges faced by academic staff at the Advanced Technological Institute (ATI), Gampaha. Using a quantitative research approach, data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to lecturers across different designations and experience levels. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation, factor analysis, and chi-square tests were employed to analyse respondents’ perceptions and experiences. The findings indicate that while all lecturers are familiar with professional ethics, only 44.44% reported high confidence in applying ethical principles, revealing a gap between awareness and practical implementation. Nearly half of the respondents (44.44%) had encountered ethical challenges, although statistical tests showed no significant association between ethical challenges and either designation or years of experience. A notable majority (66.67%) had not received formal ethics training, despite 77.78% expressing strong interest in such programs. Overall, the study highlights the need for structured ethics training and stronger institutional support to promote ethical decision-making and enhance academic integrity. Strengthening these areas can contribute to a more transparent, fair, and professionally responsible educational environment at ATI Gampaha.
Ayodeji Bolanle Balogun, Olufunke Adewunmi Ayegbusi
Practical work is a critical component of engineering education, yet there is a scarcity of psychometrically sound instruments to measure student attitudes toward it, especially in non-Western contexts. This study addresses this gap by developing and validating a new instrument, the Engineering Students’ Attitudes Toward Practical Work (ESAPW) questionnaire, within the Nigerian higher education system. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a multidimensional instrument to measure the attitudes of engineering students toward practical work in Nigeria, and to identify the key factors that shape these attitudes. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 338 engineering students at a large Nigerian polytechnic. The 30-item ESAPW questionnaire was developed through a rigorous process of item generation, expert review, and pilot testing. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify the underlying factor structure of the instrument, and Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess its reliability. The EFA revealed a clear four-factor structure, explaining 69.8% of the total variance: (1) Instructor Quality and Pedagogical Effectiveness (42.9%), (2) Resource Adequacy and Institutional Support (15.2%), (3) Learning Environment and Atmosphere (6.6%), and (4) Student Self-Efficacy and Engagement (5.4%). The overall reliability of the instrument was excellent (α = 0.931), and the subscales also showed high reliability (α = 0.78-0.96). The ESAPW questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring engineering students’ attitudes toward practical work in the Nigerian context. The findings highlight the primacy of instructor quality in shaping student attitudes, while also underscoring the importance of resource adequacy, the learning environment, and student self-efficacy. The instrument provides a valuable tool for educators, researchers, and policymakers to assess and improve the quality of practical work in engineering education.
Imelda V. Javier, Joyce C. Bisnar, Mary Jane K. Balawag
The influence of mothers on our development is profound, as the bond forged during pregnancy shapes our resilience and enduring support. Their presence and care during a child's early years are crucial for overall development, underscoring the enduring impact of maternal influence on a child's future. This study delves into the psychosocial ramifications of maternal incarceration on children in cities such as General Santos, Koronadal, Kidapawan, Tacurong, and Cotabato from the BARMM region. Employing a triangulation mixed method approach, the research involved direct caregivers and children of incarcerated mothers. The Pediatric Symptom Checklist, based on guardian observations, assessed children's psychosocial well-being. Individual interviews and psychologist observations gauged the children's behavior, while key informant interviews with officials from BJMP, DepEd, and DSWD provided additional insights. Findings indicate a necessity for comprehensive evaluations by medical experts, particularly in cognitive and attention areas, revealing potential issues in these domains. Conversely, anxiety, depression, and conduct problems did not raise significant concerns. Despite guardians' efforts, there's a noticeable shortfall in meeting children's psychosocial support needs. While families excel in financial and emotional support, a notable deficiency exists in offering specific psychosocial support. The three cooperating agencies lack a mechanism for psychosocial support for these children. In conclusion, the research underscores the necessity for enhanced assessment, particularly in cognitive and attention areas, for children affected by maternal incarceration. Despite the absence of apparent issues in anxiety, depression, or behavior, children are noticeably affected, especially in academic settings. The study also emphasizes the significant gap in the support system, with current organizations lacking specific programs for these children's mental and social needs. Urgent attention is required to ensure the overall health and growth of these children facing unique challenges due to their mothers' incarceration.
GOODMAN, Daniel Diegha, WODU Ebimowei
This study examined the relationship between public expenditure management and service delivery outcomes in Nigeria’s health and education sectors using primary data and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique. The study was motivated by ongoing concerns regarding the effectiveness of public spending in improving service delivery, particularly in critical sectors such as health and education. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to a cross-section of stakeholders, including government officials, service providers, administrators, and service users across selected institutions. Public expenditure management was disaggregated into four components: overhead and administrative expenditure, economic service expenditure, social and community service expenditure, and government transfers. Service delivery outcomes were measured using indicators of accessibility, quality, and efficiency. Descriptive statistics were first used to summarize respondent characteristics, followed by ANOVA to examine differences in service delivery outcomes across expenditure categories. The results indicate that all components of public expenditure management are statistically associated with variations in service delivery outcomes at the 5 percent level of significance. However, the strength of these associations differs across categories. Social and community service expenditure shows the strongest statistical relationship with service delivery outcomes, while economic service expenditure also demonstrates a relatively strong association. Overhead and administrative expenditure exhibits a moderate relationship, whereas government transfers show the weakest association among the variables considered. The study concludes that improving the efficiency and allocation of public resources, particularly towards social and infrastructure-related expenditures, may be associated with better service delivery outcomes. It further emphasizes the need for strengthened accountability and monitoring mechanisms to enhance the effectiveness of public spending.
Mohsena Akter
Teacher professional development (PD) is widely regarded as important for enhancing the quality of teaching, yet its influence on day-to-day classroom work in Bangladesh is inconsistent. This study investigates how primary teachers understand the training they receive and how far they are able to use it in their regular lessons. The study followed a qualitative approach and drew on semi-structured interviews with ten teachers alongside twenty-five classroom observations in government primary schools across urban and semi-urban settings. The findings indicate that PD encourages teachers to plan lessons more deliberately, focus more clearly on learning objectives, experiment with interactive strategies, manage classrooms more confidently, and use formative assessment more regularly. Even so, the extent to which these practices appear in classrooms varies from teacher to teacher. Large class sizes, limited teaching resources, pressure to cover the curriculum, and the absence of structured follow-up support often make it difficult for teachers to apply what they learned during training. Many teachers also remarked that PD sessions tend to describe ideal situations that do not match the realities they face. The study suggests that although PD strengthens pedagogical awareness, its impact depends on continuous guidance, supportive school conditions, and training models that reflect the actual context of primary classrooms. Bringing together teachers’ reflections with observed practice, the study points to the need for school-based professional learning, collaborative support, and practical follow-up processes to narrow the gap between training and classroom implementation.
Alyssa Farida S. Adzis, Bai Sheja Jean I. Yusop, Catlyn O. Pongot, Datu Jien-One U. Kamaong, Nor Husain M. Matalam
The World Health Organization (WHO, 2025) projects that by 2050, one in six people in the world will be aged 60 years or older. The number of persons aged 80 years or older is expected to triple between 2020 and 2050 to reach 426 million. At the national level, the Philippines has also witnessed an increase in its elderly population. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA, 2025), there are approximately 9.2 million Filipinos aged 60 and above, comprising 8.5% of the total population. In Cotabato City there are 12,949 senior citizens based on the 2024 survey of the Office of the Senior Citizens Affairs. This significant demographic shift underscores the importance of developing programs and policies that promote “Healthy Ageing,” which WHO defines as maintaining functional ability that enables well-being in older age. As populations age worldwide, issues such as access to healthcare, financial stability, and social inclusion become critical measures of quality of life. Countries are now focusing on how to ensure that the elderly live not only longer but also healthier, more fulfilling lives. WHO (2025) stated that ageing leads to a gradual decrease in physical and mental capacity. Park et al. (2024) found that decreased physical function—such as slower gait speed, weaker grip strength, and reduced endurance—along with lower cognitive and emotional functioning, significantly increases the risk of frailty among older adults. Their study emphasizes that when physical and mental health deteriorate, the quality of life of senior citizens also declines due to reduced independence and participation in community life. To address this, the government has enacted several laws such as Republic Act No. 7432 (The Senior Citizens Act of 1992), Republic Act No. 9257 (The Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003), and Republic Act No. 9994 (The Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010), which collectively grant benefits such as discounts on goods and services, free medical and dental services, and social pension for indigent senior citizens. Republic Act No. 10645 further ensures mandatory PhilHealth coverage for all senior citizens. Moreover, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), together with local government units (LGUs) and non-government organizations (NGOs), spearheads the annual Elderly Filipino Week to emphasize the vital role of older persons in nation-building and to raise awareness of issues concerning their welfare. Another initiative, the Social Pension (SocPen) Program, provides monthly cash assistance to qualified indigent senior citizens across BARMM. At local level, particularly in Cotabato City, the government and local organizations have implemented several initiatives to promote the well-being of senior citizens. Under the Office for Senior Citizens Affairs (OSCA), the City Government of Cotabato facilitates the distribution of financial assistance to the Federation of Senior Citizens, providing direct support to local elderly residents. According to Alzate (2024) challenges remain in improving the day-to-day lives of senior citizens despite these alternatives, particularly in ensuring equitable access to social services. Some seniors continue to face barriers such as unequal access to health service, limited mobility, lack of information about available benefits, and insufficient financial resources. Improving the quality of life for the elderly thus requires a holistic approach—one that integrates healthcare, financial stability, family relationships, and community participation (Lee et al., 2023). While there are existing programs and policies for senior citizens, there is limited empirical evidence that directly assesses the actual quality of life of older persons in Cotabato City. Few studies have examined differences in quality of life between male and female senior citizens and across key socio-economic characteristics such as educational attainment and pension status, particularly at the local level. Existing research often relies on national or regional datasets, which may not adequately capture the unique social, economic, and cultural context of Cotabato City. Moreover, localized and updated data that allow for comparative analysis among senior citizens based on sex, education, and pension status remain scarce. This lack of evidence makes it difficult to design targeted and responsive interventions. Therefore, this study is important as it provides local, data-driven insights into the quality of life of senior citizens. It offers baseline information that can be used to improve programs and services for the elderly. Moreover, this study supports the implementation and evaluation of existing laws that protect and promote the welfare of older persons, such as Republic Act No. 7432 (The Senior Citizens Act of 1992), Republic Act No. 9257 (The Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003), and Republic Act No. 9994 (The Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010). By generating empirical evidence at the local level, the study helps determine whether the benefits, privileges, and social support mechanisms mandated by these laws are effectively contributing to the overall well-being and quality of life of senior citizens. In this way, the findings may guide policymakers, local government units, and community stakeholders in strengthening elderly-focused programs and ensuring that statutory provisions translate into meaningful outcomes for older persons. This study employed a descriptive-comparative research design using a quantitative approach to assess the quality of life of senior citizens in Cotabato City. Data were collected through a structured survey questionnaire administered to 200 respondents selected through purposive quota sampling. Statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data and determine differences in quality of life when grouped according to selected demographic variables Understanding this study specifically explores the five key aspects of quality of life—health status, financial security, organizational affiliation, household relations, and access to senior citizen benefits, because these dimensions collectively represent the essential conditions that influence the overall well-being of older adults. Examining these interconnected factors provides a comprehensive understanding of how senior citizens experience daily life, allowing for a more accurate assessment of their needs and the effectiveness of existing programs and support systems.
Amor B. Malayang, Lolita A. Dulay, PhD
This action research is an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of the readers’ club as a tool in reducing aliteracy in Kiburiao National High School for the school year 2025-2026. The action research aims to describe the traits displayed by the alliterate learners before and after the implementation of the Readers’ Club, in terms of reading interest, reading habit, factors affecting the learners’ reading engagement, engagement in social media platforms, and learners’ perception on their reading and their own reading habit and determine the difference in traits of the alliterate learners after joining the Readers’ Club. The research was conducted from the first quarter of the school year 2025-2026 from June to August 2025. It was participated by the different grade level learners from grade 7 to grade 12. The 30 participants were chosen through simple random sampling. The data were collected through survey questionnaire before and after the implementation of the readers’ club. The researchers analyzed the quantitative data using descriptive statistics including percentage, mean, and frequency to determine the aliteracy traits of the learners before and after the implementation of the readers’ club. Paired t-test and chi-square were utilized to determine the difference in the aliteracy traits of the learners exhibited after joining the readers’ club. The research findings showed that there was not much of improvement in reading motivation of the alliterates. Learners exhibited high level of engagement on Social Media platforms as well as online and offline games before and after implementation of the readers’ club. Though reading habits increased with the learners read for 30 minutes twice a week, but the time spent reading remained moderate with no learners read more than two (2) hours. After the implementation of the readers’ club, learners’ perception demonstrated a more positive attitude signifying that the club made every reading session engaging and accessible as more learners were open to reading.
Aurora E. Perillo, Blessed Keziah G. Lopez, Esther G. Domingo, Joel B. Faustino, Joseline M. Santos, Ma. Marcelyna Michaela G. Torres, Ma. Nicole C. Isidro, Maureen Joy P. Guintu
The Philippines continues to experience challenges in enhancing the foundational skills of kindergarten including literacy. These challenges create opportunities for new, interactive, and contextualized curricular materials, which urgently align with the education needs. This study developed, implemented and evaluated the “READING, Get Set, Go” a digital game-based intervention, to improve kindergarten pupils’ literacy. It integrates digital skills in revised K-12 curriculum competencies which makes every lesson contextualized and age-appropriate aligned with specific learning objectives. To test the effectiveness of the READING, Get Set, Go, the research tools used were of a quantitative, descriptive-developmental design, which involved the target participants, including kindergarten teachers, master teachers, twenty-five (25) kindergarten pupils, professors, and statisticians from Bulacan State University. The study was conducted in one of the public elementary schools in Pulilan, Bulacan from a sample of a kindergarten section through a purposive-convenience sampling. The data based on the findings show a significant increase of the improvement of the pupils before and after the implementation of READING, Get Set, Go, which focuses on their initial sound discrimination, familiar word reading, and listening comprehension through digital game-based learning. These findings were significant as the foundational skills of kindergarten were integrated with digital skills that enhanced their challenges in literacy and promoted interactive and relevant experiences. On contrary, for future research it is recommended to conduct the study with a control group to avoid bias and limitation of the generalizability. On the other hand, the study serves as a foundation for further research and technological advancement for teaching and learning.
Mohamad Ismail Ibrahim, Mohamad Zahir Zainudin, Muhammad Zaki Zaini, Orawit Boonchom
This study addresses underexplored leadership paradigms within twentieth-century Islamic revivalist thought through a comparative analysis of the models articulated by Hassan al-Banna, Abul A'la Maududi, and Sayyid Qutb. The objective is to identify their core leadership dimensions and synthesise them into an integrated theoretical framework. Using qualitative comparative textual analysis of foundational works, key leadership constructs were inductively extracted and thematically coded. The findings reveal three interrelated dimensions: moral-spiritual reform, institutional-structural governance, and consciousness-driven mobilisation. The study introduces the Integrated Islamic Transformative Leadership Framework (IITLF), a theologically anchored, non-Western contribution to leadership theory. It argues that sustainable transformative leadership requires normative equilibrium between ethical authority, governance architecture, and collective mobilisation. The framework offers a structured analytical foundation for future empirical research on Islamic leadership within contemporary governance and social movement contexts.
Technics Ikechi Nwosu
Civic responsibility in Africa has historically been conceived through the moral and political frameworks of participatory democracy, legal consciousness, and community ethics. However, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) demands a radical reimagination of what it means to be a civic actor on the African continent. The emerging paradigm, represented by the Child-Author Development Programme (CADP), positions scientific literacy and technological creativity as essential civic competences. This reconceptualization transforms civic engagement into a domain of scientific problem-solving, technological stewardship, and knowledge-based innovation. Within this framework, civic virtue is no longer measured solely by one’s political participation but by one’s capacity to produce knowledge, innovate technologies, and mobilize science for social transformation. This paper advances a theoretical expansion of civic responsibility through the lens of Science, Technology, and Society (STS) studies, proposing Scientific Leadership as a new civic identity for Africa’s emerging citizens. It analyzes the CADP model as a decolonial civic pedagogy that unites African Science Fiction, technological nationalism, and civic education to cultivate scientific consciousness in children and adolescents. By situating CADP within Africa’s epistemic struggle for technological independence, the paper argues that civic education must evolve beyond governance instruction to become an intellectual infrastructure for Africa’s scientific sovereignty. In redefining civic responsibility as scientific leadership, CADP models an indigenous civic-educational framework for Africa’s 21st-century renaissance.
Bernardo Chua, Jr., Jaime Del Rosario, Marlon T. Naiz
In light of environmental concerns, ecotourism is facing more criticism for putting human interest ahead of ecological integrity, highlighting the need for an ethical approach that balances both human and environmental needs. Aiming to redefine ecotourism through a conservation-focused ethical framework, this study explores the connection between ecotourism and Aldo Leopold's Land Ethics. Using a qualitative approach, the research utilized semi-structured interview guide conducted on eleven (14) participants who are involved in managing ecotourism sites from selected areas. There are five (5) prevailing themes as to the concept of ecotourism: ecotourism as environmental preservation, community and cultural preservation, ecotourism as a tool for social connection and well-being, tourist-centric definition of ecotourism, purpose, and future direction of ecotourism. The findings also show that, in contrast to anthropocentrism, Leopold’s conservation principle stresses the extension of ethics, the concept of community, and ecological awareness. Furthermore, applying the principle of land ethics to ecotourism frameworks, Leopold reminds us of the importance of moving away from profit-driven conservation, advocating for a more balanced approach that values the well-being of all living and non-living components of the environment. This study highlights how ecotourism can support both economic development and a deeper respect for nature, promoting responsible travel that values community, conservation, and the intrinsic worth of all parts of the environment. Ecotourism is a type of responsible travel to natural areas that promotes community involvement and ecological stewardship, putting ecosystem health and integrity first, aiding conservation initiatives, and appreciating the inherent worth of all biotic and abiotic environmental components.
Hoang Thi Thu Huyen, Nguyen Thi Hien
In the contemporary development context, sustainable development is no longer viewed merely as a policy goal of a guiding nature; rather, it has become an intrinsic requirement of the organization and functioning of the national economy. In Vietnam, alongside the significant achievements of the renovation process, development practice has also generated an imperative to further reform economic institutions in order to address bottlenecks in resource allocation, improve the quality of growth, ensure social progress, and strengthen adaptive capacity in the face of environmental, technological, and international integration challenges. Against this backdrop, the article focuses on clarifying the role of economic institutions in sustainable development, while also analyzing the historical context that has given rise to the need for economic institutional reform in contemporary Vietnam. On that basis, it assesses the current state of economic institutional reform within Vietnam’s sustainable development strategy and proposes several solutions for further improving economic institutions in a coherent, modern, and effective manner, consistent with the country’s objective of achieving rapid and sustainable development.
Marilou D. Junsay, Teresita Q. Adriano
Effective functional literacy instruction for learners with atypical language development is strengthened by deliberately integrating core teaching strategies that enhance accessibility, engagement, and meaningful learning outcomes. Employing a qualitative single case study design, this study explored the practices of five purposively selected special education teachers from Central Elementary School Special Education Centers in the Davao Region, with five master teachers serving as key informants for triangulation. Data gathered through in-depth and key informant interviews revealed that teachers consistently implement essential strategies, including multisensory, scaffolded, differentiated, communication-oriented, and functional curriculum-based instruction. These findings underscore that effective functional literacy instruction is grounded in the consistent and purposeful application of these core strategies, enabling more responsive, inclusive, and meaningful learning experiences for learners with atypical language development.
Ahmad Farid Abd Jalal, Arieff Salleh Rosman, Rahimin Affandi Abd Rahim
This study critiques the dominance of colonial archival frameworks in museological institutions in the Malay world, which often present historical narratives in a linear manner while marginalizing the intellectual foundations of Islamic civilization in the region. Although decolonization movements are increasingly gaining traction, their approaches are frequently limited to issues of representational inclusivity without fundamentally restructuring the underlying Eurocentric epistemological frameworks. In response, this article advances the concept of sanad (the chain of knowledge transmission) as an epistemic counter-archive for reconstructing museum curatorial practices. Sanad is demonstrated not merely as a sequence of historical names, but as an integrated intellectual infrastructure that binds together core Islamic disciplines—such as law (fiqh), theology (‘aqidah), and spirituality (tasawwuf)—into a coherent, authoritative, and authentic system of knowledge. Employing a qualitative methodology that combines contemporary museological analysis with the Islamic intellectual tradition, this study takes the Pahang State Museum as its primary case study, examining the potential integration of key historical documents such as the Hukum Kanun Pahang into a sanad-based narrative framework. The findings indicate that the application of sanad has the capacity to shift museum storytelling from a colonial-centered administrative chronology toward a relational mapping of knowledge networks, foregrounding the role of scholars (ulama) as the principal agents in the construction of civilization. In conclusion, the development of a sanad-based curatorial model not only functions as an empirical instrument to challenge distortions in European historiography, but also offers a new paradigm for modern cultural institutions. This model ensures that the historical identity of local communities is understood and appreciated within an autonomous Islamic epistemological framework, free from Western hegemonic influence.
Leanne Tsungai Mutasa, Memory Rumbidzai, V. Mandikiana
Refugees and asylum seekers with disabilities occupy a profoundly marginal position within contemporary forced migration regimes, shaped by intersecting structures of displacement, disability, poverty, gender, and restrictive legal environments. In Zimbabwe, these vulnerabilities are intensified by an encampment based refugee policy, enduring economic precarity, and historically weak disability inclusion mechanisms. This article critically examines the status and experiences of refugees and asylum seekers with disabilities in Zimbabwe through a policy, law, practice analytical lens, interrogating the disconnect between normative commitments and lived realities. Anchored in international refugee and disability rights instruments, and national frameworks including Zimbabwe’s National Disability Policy (2021), the Persons with Disabilities Act (2025), and the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education’s Safeguarding, Gender Equity, Disability and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) Strategy, the article synthesises academic scholarship and institutional evidence to assess the extent to which these frameworks translate into meaningful inclusion. Drawing on Zimbabwean and African scholarship; particularly the works of Mandikiana, Mhlanga, Tarusarira, and others; alongside reports from UNHCR, IOM, UNICEF, Jesuit Refugee Service, Plan International, and Christian Blind Mission, the paper argues that refugee protection in Zimbabwe remains predominantly welfare oriented, fragmented, and insufficiently disability responsive. It contends that refugees with disabilities continue to be positioned as passive recipients of assistance rather than as rights holders and contributors to social development. The article concludes by calling for a paradigmatic shift toward rights based, disability inclusive, and development oriented refugee governance that embeds participation, accessibility, and intersectionality at the centre of refugee protection and national development planning.
Dr. Sabari Shankar Ravichandran
This technical note positions regenerative behaviour as a transformative paradigm that extends beyond traditional sustainability by emphasising restoration, reciprocity, and systemic interconnectedness. It argues that existing sustainability approaches are insufficient to address escalating ecological and social challenges, and calls for a shift toward regenerative practices that actively rebuild ecosystems and societal trust. Regenerative behaviour is conceptualised as a holistic, values-driven approach rooted in gratitude, ethical consciousness, and relational thinking, requiring a transition from individualistic "I" to collective "we" mindsets. Within marketing, this paradigm redefines the role of firms from transactional value creators to societal renewal facilitators. The note highlights key strategic imperatives, including enabling regenerative consumption, embedding purpose and gratitude into design, adopting lifecycle thinking in product innovation, and fostering authentic, transparent communication. It emphasises the emergence of the regenerative consumer, while acknowledging the intention–action gap and the need for firms to simplify sustainable choices. Furthermore, the note advocates for participatory engagement, positioning consumers as co-creators in regenerative systems. It outlines guiding principles and policy recommendations for businesses and governments to institutionalise regenerative marketing practices. Ultimately, marketing is framed as a powerful catalyst for cultural transformation, capable of aligning economic activity with ecological restoration and long-term societal well-being.
Mohd Bahrin bin Othman, Syed Nabil bin Syed Abdul Nasir
The rapid growth of digital platforms has fundamentally transformed the promotion and consumption of health-related products, enabling online medicinal advertisements to reach consumers with unprecedented speed, scale, and cross-platform amplification. This paper critical review of the sufficiency of the legal framework in Malaysia regulating the online pharmaceutical advertisement, with respect to the Medicines (Advertisement and Sale) Act 1956 (MASA 1956) and its supporting mechanisms in the Consumer Protection Act 1999 and the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998. Using a qualitative doctrinal and comparative legal approach, the paper compares the regulatory framework of Malaysia to that of therapeutic goods advertising in Australia, which is regulated by Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 and Therapeutic Goods Advertising Code Instrument 2021. The analysis is based on four regulatory theories, Responsive Regulation, Deterrence Theory, Risk-Based Regulation and Risk Society Theory, and it shows that the framework in Malaysia is limited by definitional vagueness, non-binding rules, low fines in the statutes, and reactive enforcement mechanisms that are ineffective in the digital advertising ecosystem. The discussion concludes with specific reform suggestions to enhance the Malaysian regulatory control of online medicinal advertisements.
Ashley R. Peña, Jenny Lyne S. Lisayen
Reinforcement strategies play an important role in shaping learners’ behaviour, motivation, and academic achievement. However, despite their recognized significance, there is limited localized research examining their influence among elementary pupils in Cervantes, Ilocos Sur. This lack of local research makes it hard to know which teaching methods work best for pupils in this specific area. This study examined the reinforcement strategies employed by teachers and their relationship to the academic performance of Grade 6 pupils in selected elementary schools in Cervantes, Ilocos Sur.
Ibrahim Alkali
This study examines the effectiveness of Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) programmes in post-insurgency North-East Nigeria, with a specific focus on Borno State. Against the backdrop of the Boko Haram insurgency and increasing defections of ex-combatants, the study investigates the extent to which DDR initiatives have facilitated sustainable reintegration, identifies key factors contributing to relapse into insurgency, and evaluates community perceptions of reintegration efforts. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was adopted, involving 276 respondents drawn from community members, government officials, and NGO practitioners. Data were collected using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings reveal that DDR programmes have achieved moderate success in facilitating reintegration, particularly in skills acquisition and behavioural transformation. However, significant challenges persist, especially in economic sustainability and community acceptance. Poverty and unemployment emerged as the most significant drivers of relapse, followed by social stigma and inadequate programme support. Regression analysis further indicates that institutional capacity significantly influences DDR effectiveness, while community perception, though important, is not statistically significant. The study concludes that while DDR programmes contribute to short-term stability, their long-term effectiveness depends on addressing underlying socio-economic vulnerabilities and strengthening community engagement. It recommends a more integrated, community-based, and development-oriented approach to DDR implementation in Nigeria.
Dang Minh Tien
This paper examines Japanese tourism as a dynamic cultural discourse in which tradition and modernity are continuously negotiated and reinterpreted. Adopting a qualitative case study approach grounded in cultural anthropology and heritage studies, the research explores how historical rituals, aesthetic principles, culinary traditions, and contemporary creative industries collectively shape Japan’s tourism experience and national identity. Data were collected through ethnographic observations at major tourist destinations such as Kyoto, Tokyo, and Kanazawa, complemented by semi-structured interviews with international tourists, local guides, and cultural practitioners, as well as auto-ethnographic participation in rituals, hospitality services, and culinary tourism. Thematic analysis reveals that Japanese tourism is sustained by ritual continuity, harmony with nature, and refined aesthetics, while simultaneously embracing innovation through contents tourism, pop culture, and advanced infrastructure. The findings show that Japanese tourism sustains a form of flexible authenticity, treating heritage as a living and adaptive practice rather than a fixed commodity. By linking traditions such as washoku, pilgrimage, and omotenashi with anime tourism and creative industries, the study contributes to debates on authenticity and cultural sustainability. Overall, it argues that Japanese tourism operates as a resilient cultural arena that supports cross-cultural understanding while responding creatively to globalization and mass tourism.
Adewunmi F. Ayo-Vaughan, Mary O. Oyebade, Nneka C. Anueyiagu
This study assessed the factors of teacher preparedness and government policy support in order to examine the relationship between effective implementation and utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and promoting quality education among teacher educators in Delta State. Adopting a descriptive survey research design, the study targeted all teacher educators in Delta State public secondary schools, comprising junior and senior secondary levels, with a population of 14,000 educators. Using purposive sampling, Delta State was selected for its suitability in examining technology utilization in secondary schools, and a sample size of 2,640 teachers was drawn. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire titled “Implementation and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence among Teacher Educators Questionnaire (IUAITEQ).” Descriptive statistical tools such as frequency counts, mean scores, and standard deviation were used for analysis, while hypotheses were tested using the Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r). The findings reveal critical gaps in teacher preparedness in AI utilization and government policies that supports the need for AI implementation. Recommendations include providing comprehensive AI-related pre-service and in-service training for educators. Furthermore, partnerships between educational institutions and technology firms are encouraged to improve access to AI tools and expertise thereby improving the quality of teaching and learning experiences.
Eunice Kerubo Ayiera
Purpose: To establish the relationship between learners’ self-efficacy and achievement mediated by scaffolding learning within the Zone of Proximal Development. Methodology: Sequential explanatory design within the mixed methods approach was adopted involving 307 students and 10 teachers picked out through stratified sampling followed by purposive sampling. Quantitative data was collected using pre-post quasi experimental design which involved an experimental and a control group from their naturally occurring classrooms. Data was collected using a pretest on both the experimental and the control groups, scaffolding learning on the experimental group and eventually a post test on both groups. Quantitative data was analyzed and compared between the experimental and the control groups. Sequentially, qualitative data was collected using interview technique. Instruments of data collection were the pre-test and post-test self-efficacy questionnaires an Achievement Test, a scaffolding module and interview schedules. The relationship was established through Karl Pearson product moment correlation as well as the thematic framework for qualitative data. Results: After scaffolding learning, Pearson Correlation showed a positive relationship between learners’ self-efficacy and achievement (r=.428) for the experimental group. Similarly, for the control group, there was a weak positive relationship between self-efficacy and achievement (r=.228). Additionally, qualitative results established that learners achieved better results due to improved self-efficacy as a result of scaffolding pedagogies. Conclusion: Scaffolding learning is necessary in boosting learners’ self-efficacy and eventually the achievement of learning goals.
Lucy Lugo Mawang, Peterson Murithi Stephen
Academic achievement in Kenya is a critical driver to both national development and individual student’s career growth. Despite this crucial role, students in Imenti South Sub-County, Meru County, have continued to register comparatively low academic performance. This persistent underachievement limits their access to socio-economic opportunities which adversely affects their contributions to national development. Previous studies have underscored the significant role of learners’ internal capacities, particularly psychological capital (PsyCap), in managing academic demands and enhancing positive academic outcomes, including higher grades. However, empirical evidence linking PsyCap to academic achievement in Meru County remains limited. Therefore, the present study sought to address this gap by examining the relationship between psychological capital and academic achievement. The study was grounded on psychological capital theory. This association was examined using correlational research design, with 2,692 Form Three students enrolled in public secondary schools in Imenti South Sub-County, Meru County, in 2025 being the target. To assess the psychological capital, School Psychological Capital Questionnaire was used. The sample comprised 348 students selected from 17 schools through a combination of purposive, stratified and simple random sampling. The results established that the global psychological capital levels were relatively high among students (M = 56.87, SD = 11.63), with notable variation across its components. Optimism recorded the highest mean (M = 16.52, SD = 2.70), followed by resilience (M = 16.03, SD = 2.16), while self-efficacy had the lowest, though still elevated, mean (M = 15.20, SD = 2.65). The PsyCAP had a significant positive correlation with academic achievement (r (345) = .58, p < .01). These results suggest that higher levels of psychological capital are associated with better academic performance among the students. Therefore, schools should prioritize enhancing students’ psychological capital by integrating activities that strengthen hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy, as these resources are strongly linked to higher academic achievement.
Nur Azmina Paslan, Siti Hajar Mohd Esah
This study examines the levels of self-esteem, burnout, and psychological well-being among guidance and counseling teachers in the Johor Bahru district. It also investigates the relationships between self-esteem and psychological well-being, as well as between burnout and psychological well-being among school counselors. A quantitative research design employing a full population sampling technique was used, involving 100 guidance and counseling teachers serving in schools across the Johor Bahru district. Data were collected using three validated instruments administered in their Malay-language versions: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES, α = .89), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI, α = .91), and the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB, α = .88). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical procedures to determine the levels and relationships among the study variables. The findings indicate that the levels of self-esteem (M = 2.170, SD = .378), burnout (M = 2.070, SD = .781), and psychological well-being (M = 2.230, SD = .468) among the teachers were at a moderate level. Correlational analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between self-esteem and psychological well-being (r = .762), and a significant negative relationship between burnout and psychological well-being (r = −.732). These results indicate that higher self-esteem is associated with greater psychological well-being, while higher burnout corresponds with lower levels of psychological well-being. The study highlights the importance of strengthening self-esteem and implementing effective burnout management strategies among guidance and counseling teachers. The findings provide practical insights for school administrators and relevant stakeholders in designing targeted intervention programs, psychological support initiatives, and stress management strategies aimed at enhancing the well-being and professional effectiveness of school counselors. The findings support theoretical perspectives in educational psychology and counselor well-being, highlighting self-esteem as a psychological resource that enhances well-being, while burnout functions as a detrimental occupational stress factor. The results suggest the need for institutional strategies that strengthen counselors’ self-esteem and reduce burnout through targeted psychological support, resilience training, and stress management programs within school systems.
David Kariuki, Kene Mothabane, Susan Ngunu
Research on academic achievement has shown a global decline in performance. A similar trend is evident in the North East region of Botswana, where form five students have experienced a drop in academic outcomes. This poor performance has led to many students missing opportunities to progress to tertiary institutions for further studies. Consequently, this study sought to examine the relationship between students’ sense of belonging and academic performance among form five students in the North East region of Botswana. The study was anchored in the self-determination theory proposed by Deci and Ryan (2000). A correlational research design using a quantitative approach was adopted. The target population consisted of 2,632 form five students drawn from all three public senior secondary schools, while the sample included 407 students from these schools. Sampling techniques applied were purposive sampling, proportionate stratified sampling, and simple random sampling. Data collection instruments included the Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale (PSSMS) developed by Goodenow (1993) and students’ academic records. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 25. Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis was used to test the hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05. The findings indicated that students’ sense of belonging (r = .289, p < .001) had a significant positive correlation with academic performance. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers and counsellors foster collaborative learning environments through structured group projects and mentorship programs that deliberately encourage positive peer relationships and support academic collaboration among students.
Fr. Jaime Del Rosario, OMI, Laurence Nichol B. Bedia, Recris C. Alsola
This study investigates whether remembering and forgiving can be elevated as categorical imperatives under Kantian ethics. Philosophical discourse usually describes remembering and forgiving as interpretative, therapeutic, or social actions; however, their status as universal moral obligations is not clearly explained. This research aims to provide a synthesis based on the philosophical views of Paul Ricoeur and Immanuel Kant, demonstrating how remembering and forgiving can serve as categorical imperatives grounded in human dignity. Ricoeur’s hermeneutic approach perceives remembering and forgiving as ethical actions grounded in narrative identity, acknowledgment of suffering, and the opportunity for moral renewal. Still, his framework primarily maintains an interpretive and descriptive perspective. Kant’s deontological ethics, on the other hand, proposes a normative framework through the categorical imperative, establishing moral duty in reason and moral law. This study employs a philosophical methodology, specifically conceptual analysis and a dialectic approach to examine the ethical tensions and convergences between these two philosophical traditions. The research demonstrates that human dignity represents the key ethical principle for the integration of Ricoeur’s hermeneutic perspective with Kant’s deontological framework. This synthesis contends that remembering provides a moral obligation that protects truth, justice, and dignity of victims, while forgiving is described as an imperfect duty that enables reconciliation and healing. By positioning these ethical actions in human dignity, the study contributes to philosophical discourse by giving a synthesized normative ethical framework for addressing the moral issues created by historical injustices and collective tragedies.
SUN Liwen, YU Siwei
This study integrates theories from multiple disciplines including art, sociology, anthropology and economics, adopts a combined research method of literature research, questionnaire survey, field interview and field investigation, takes the native tea brand and market status of Mabian Yi Autonomous County in Sichuan Province as the research case, and uses the five-dimensional brand model (brand positioning, brand personality, brand visual identity, brand experience, brand communication) to systematically identify and deeply analyze the key factors affecting the brand development of Mabian native tea. The tea market is becoming increasingly competitive at present. Although Mabian native tea has unique regional culture and high-quality characteristics, it still has obvious shortcomings in brand building and market promotion. This study aims to explore the resource advantages of Mabian native tea and put forward feasible brand optimization schemes to boost local economic development through scientific research methods. Meanwhile, in view of the regional characteristics of Mabian Yi Autonomous County as a minority-inhabited area, it explores the path to protect and promote the local ethnic culture through tea culture communication, so as to provide references for the brand building and market promotion of Mabian native tea, and also provide a replicable brand upgrading model for ethnic minority tea-producing areas in similar regions of China, enhancing the universal applicability of the research.
Lalaine G. Sariana, Uzziel C. Toldo
This study examined the effectiveness of the Cognitive Apprenticeship Strategy (CAS) in improving the research skills of Grade 8 Science, Technology, and Engineering (STE) students at Impasugong National High School. Specifically, it assessed students’ competencies in objective formulation, literature review writing, and methodology development before and after the intervention, and explored their learning experiences to complement the quantitative findings. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed, integrating a one-group pretest–posttest approach with semi-structured interviews. The quantitative phase utilized a researcher-made scenario-based assessment evaluated through a validated rubric with high inter-rater reliability, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results revealed that prior to CAS implementation, students demonstrated generally low to developing research skills, with difficulties in formulating clear objectives, selecting and synthesizing literature, and organizing research methodologies. After the intervention, students showed significant improvement across all domains, reaching proficient to highly proficient levels, with methodology development obtaining the highest post-test performance. Paired-sample t-test results confirmed statistically significant gains in all areas (p = .000), while Cohen’s d values indicated very large effect sizes, demonstrating strong practical significance. Qualitative findings supported these results, highlighting that modeling, scaffolding, coaching, and guided practice helped students better understand research processes. However, some learners still expressed limited confidence in independent research writing. Overall, CAS was found to be an effective instructional strategy in enhancing students’ research competencies. The study concludes that structured and scaffolded instruction significantly improves research skill development among STE learners. It recommends the integration of CAS into science instruction to strengthen research literacy and higher-order thinking skills in secondary education.
Carl Vincent B. Cowas, James L. Paglinawan
This study examined the influence of resource allocation and collaborative learning expertise on the data-driven decision-making competency of basic education teachers in Kibawe, Bukidnon during the school year 2025–2026. A descriptive-correlational design was used with 302 teachers from public and private schools. Data were analyzed using mean, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression, with additional diagnostics to ensure model validity. Findings showed high levels across all variables, with significant relationships observed. Collaborative learning expertise demonstrated a stronger association (r = .853) compared to resource allocation (r = .570). Regression results revealed that supportive structures and shared professional practices significantly predict competency. However, the consistently high mean scores suggest possible social desirability bias. The study highlights the importance of collaborative professional environments in strengthening teachers’ data use. It contributes to the growing literature on data-driven decision-making by emphasizing the role of organizational learning in basic education contexts.
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Gerlie Rose C. Magdato
This study examined the influence of Instructional Leadership Orientation (ILO), Resource Enablement Capacity (RE), and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on Administrative Support Responsiveness (ASR) in national assessments among school leaders in the Division of Valencia City. Employing a quantitative, non-experimental descriptive-correlational design, data were gathered from 230 school leaders selected through convenience sampling during School Year 2025–2026. Standardized and validated instruments with high reliability (α = 0.975–0.979) were used. Mean, Pearson r, and multiple regression analysis were utilized to analyze the data. Findings revealed that school leaders demonstrated high levels of resource enablement (M = 4.403), organizational citizenship behavior (M = 4.488), instructional leadership orientation (M = 4.508), and administrative support responsiveness (M = 4.480), all interpreted as highly to exceptionally manifested. Correlation analysis showed significant positive relationships between ILO (r = 0.733), RE (r = 0.658), and OCB (r = 0.656) with ASR (p < 0.01). Regression analysis indicated that managing the instructional program, resource allocation support, defining the school mission, and altruism significantly predicted ASR, collectively explaining 61.2% of its variance (R² = 0.612). The study concludes that administrative responsiveness is strongly influenced by instructional leadership practices, resource alignment, and voluntary organizational behaviors. It further highlights that technical instructional management is the strongest predictor of effective data-driven school responsiveness. The findings underscore the importance of integrating leadership competencies to enhance sustained improvement in national assessment outcomes.
Dr Ansal P, Dr Suresha., Prasad R
Much as one would like to assert that India’s corporate bond market has grown consistently over the decade gone by, the growth is nothing to write home about. The growth rate between FY2015 and FY2025 was hard-ly 12 percent, according to NITI Ayog. Further, in absolute terms, the outstanding corporate bonds rose from around INR 17.5 trillion in FY2015 to about INR 53.6 trillion in FY2025. Corporate bonds account for a meagre 14 percent plus of the country’s GDP, compared to South Korea’s 79 percent and Malaysia’s 54 per-cent! They hardly account for three percent of the global corporate bond market! The latter’s revamp is over-due for assorted reasons, according to respondents the researcher interacted with. They remark that by de-fault, our corporates depend upon banks for their funding requirements. Consequently, a sizeable chunk of the credit risk is borne by the banks. Banks have to depend on only short-term and medium-term deposits for their working capital needs. Hence, financing long-term projects poses an asset-liability management issue for banks. Banks therefore price in this fact while pricing their funds for such projects, leaving the corporates with no alternative but to grin and bear it! A vibrant corporate bond market can help the corporates access long-term capital directly. This will ease the pressure on banks and help them achieve risk diversification. Retail investors have been participating spiritedly in the equities market lately and would relish investing in the corporate bond market too. To begin with, the regulator should entice the aspirational retail investors to invest in debt mutual funds. Fund managers who handle portfolios can invest in corporate bonds. Simultaneously, returns on such investments should be accorded the same tax treatment as returns on equity invest-ments. In other words, they should be subjected to capital gain rates.
Hariana, Rahmatiah, Trifandi Lasalewo
This study aims to analyze the development of fashion trends in Indonesia to see the aspects that influence developments in the fashion world. The method used in this study is data triangulation techniques by integrating the results of literature studies and interview data with a qualitative approach. Study materials from relevant Scopus, EBSCO, and Copernicus indexed journals published between 2020 and 2025. The analysis technique uses content analysis. The number of articles reviewed is 18 articles, and there are several supporting articles in analyzing the problems in this study. The State-of-the-Art research based on Reputable Scientific publications (2020–2025) is expected to provide an overview of aspects that need attention in the development of the fashion world. The results of the study show that Indonesian fashion trends are influenced by digitalization, local culture, the lifestyle of the younger generation, and sustainability. Phenomena such as fast fashion, thrifting, modest fashion, and the integration of technologies such as artificial intelligence are the main drivers of industry change. In addition, psychological factors such as Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and the influence of social media play an important role in fashion choices. The research results show that Indonesian fashion trends are evolving as a hybrid between global modernity and local identity.
Ahmad Sunawari Long, Saipuddin Mohamad
Malay Muslim political leadership has been a pivotal force in shaping Malaysia’s national identity, socio-political structure, and governance. This study examines its historical evolution, guiding principles, and contemporary challenges through a qualitative documentary approach. Drawing on constitutional provisions, political party documents, and scholarly sources, it identifies core Islamic leadership values namely amanah (trust), `adl (justice), shura (consultation), hikmah (wisdom) and wassatiyyah (moderation). Historically, this leadership served as a stabilizing bridge between ethnicity, religion, and governance. Today, however, it faces fragmentation, integrity crises, ideological disputes, and global pressures. The study proposes a renewed, value-based leadership model rooted in Islamic ethics and democratic inclusivity, contributing to ongoing debates on political Islam and governance.
Dan Mangoki, Eimylyn, Shintia Parewang, Yizrel Nani Sallata
Aluk Pare represents a traditional Torajan agrarian belief system governing all stages of rice cultivation, from land preparation to post-harvest rituals. It embeds moral and ethical values such as hard work, cooperation, responsibility, and respect for nature. However, modernization and lifestyle changes have eroded these values, weakening farmers’ work ethic and character. This study aims to (1) identify character values embedded in Aluk Pare relevant to farmers’ character formation; (2) design and implement a revitalization model of these values in modern agricultural practices; and (3) evaluate the model’s impact on farmers’ behavioral transformation in North Toraja. Using a Participatory Action Research approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and focus group discussions with farmers and cultural leaders. Qualitative analysis followed Miles & Huberman’s model. Results reveal that revitalizing Aluk Pare strengthens farmers’ responsibility, discipline, cooperation, and ecological obedience. The culture-based training enhanced farmers’ ecological awareness and social solidarity. Hence, revitalization of local wisdom functions not only as cultural preservation but also as an effective character education strategy supporting sustainable agriculture in North Toraja.
Chalco Bravo F., De la Cruz Montes D, De la Cruz Montoya David, Lopez Almeida M, Lopez Galan E., Ramos Vasquez A.
Risk management is vital in any organization, as the proper identification, assessment, and mitigation of potential impacts can ensure business continuity and sustainability. It is necessary to identify and control threats that arise in the company’s day-to-day operations in a timely manner; therefore, this study aims to establish the relationship between risk management and operational continuity at a poultry company in Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru. A quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional approach was employed. The dimensions of risk management were evaluated to determine the company’s ability to maintain stable operations in the face of adverse events. Duly validated and structured questionnaires were administered to a representative sample, and the data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The findings indicated significant positive correlations between operational continuity and each of the dimensions of risk management. More specifically, risk assessments proved to be the dimension most positively correlated (r = 0.888, p = 0.000), followed by risk identification (r = 0.878, p = 0.000). These findings justify the need to emphasize processes for managing risks in a more structured and standardized manner, such as those prescribed by the International Standards ISO 31000 and ISO 22301. It was concluded that special attention must be paid to how risks are managed, as this is critical to the company’s growth and sustainability.
Dagba, B. J, Ekpah, M, Inyommom, A. E, James, A. J.
The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education has emerged as a critical strategy for enhancing institutional performance, reputation, and competitiveness. In Nigeria, universities face increasing pressure to improve research output, operational efficiency, and stakeholder engagement, all of which influence national and international ranking. This study examines the role of AI in analysing and monitoring the reputation and ranking of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi, with the objective of assessing the effect of AI tools for data analysis and performance monitoring on university ranking and the extent to which AI-driven reputation and sentiment analysis influences stakeholders’ perceptions. The study is anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which posits that perceived usefulness and ease of use determine the adoption of technology and its subsequent impact on organisational outcomes. A documentary research design was adopted, utilizing secondary data including administrative records, published ranking reports, AI implementation documents, and stakeholder feedback from 2019 to 2024. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative insights from reports were subjected to thematic content analysis. Findings indicate that AI adoption has significantly improved research productivity, administrative efficiency, and national ranking, demonstrating a positive relationship between AI tools and institutional performance metrics. Similarly, AI-based reputation and sentiment analysis enhanced stakeholder perception, with measurable improvements in student satisfaction, alumni engagement, and public/media sentiment, resulting in a strengthened institutional reputation. Based on these findings, the study recommends sustained investment in AI infrastructure, capacity-building initiatives for staff, and the implementation of comprehensive AI-driven reputation management systems to optimise institutional performance and stakeholder engagement. The study concludes that AI is a strategic tool for advancing both tangible outcomes such as ranking and intangible outcomes such as reputation in Nigerian universities.
Ashraful Hassan
The most significant cities in Bangladesh are heating very fast. It is not only because of climate change, but also because of a phenomenon called the “Urban Heat Island” effect. It refers to where concrete buildings and roads trap heat, which creates massive problems. It makes people sick and drives up electricity bills from using more AC and other cooling electronics. Moreover, it creates hardship for people to work, especially the poor, who cannot afford cooling. While everyone is discussing big-picture climate solutions, there is a simple and effective solution called rooftop farming (RTF). This method involves transforming flat rooftops into small gardens with soil and plants, which is a great way to fight the heat. Significant research indicates that plants and soil absorb heat, which reduces the local temperature by a few degrees and may even help mitigate the effects of air pollution. On top of that, these RTFs are contributing to our food security by providing fresh vegetables for families. Unfortunately, this significant initiative is not prioritized that much. However, several international laws increasingly encourage RTF as part of sustainable development and climate adaptation. Although the National Agriculture Policy has recognized it, significant policy gaps and legal lacunae remain. So, the government is yet to take the initiative to raise awareness among people, which leaves them blind folded. By following the qualitative method, this research emphasizes that there is a need for government initiatives through legislation and policy to encourage RTF and make urban areas more livable and sustainable.
Maria Cristina S. Dela Cerna, Mikee Jean M. Pontevedra
This study examined the extent of implementation of School Learning Action Cell (SLAC) practices in indigenous schools, focusing on five key dimensions: assessing teachers’ needs, providing coaching and mentoring, supporting the teaching and learning process, facilitating evaluation and feedback, and availability of resources. Utilizing a quantitative descriptive design, data were gathered from teachers and teacher-in-charge respondents to determine the level of SLAC implementation as a school-based professional learning mechanism. Findings revealed that SLAC practices were generally often implemented, with an overall mean of 3.76, indicating that SLAC functions as an active platform for collaborative professional development and instructional improvement. Among the dimensions, assessing teachers’ needs and supporting the teaching and learning process emerged as the most strongly implemented practices, suggesting that SLAC sessions effectively address classroom challenges and promote context-responsive pedagogy, particularly in culturally diverse and indigenous learning environments. However, relatively lower ratings were observed in coaching and mentoring, as well as resource availability, indicating gaps in structured professional support and access to instructional materials. These limitations may hinder the full realization of SLAC as a transformative professional learning community. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening mentoring systems, enhancing resource provision, and reinforcing leadership support to maximize the impact of SLAC. Overall, the study underscores the role of SLAC as a sustainable and context-sensitive strategy for fostering teacher collaboration, reflective practice, and continuous instructional improvement in resource-constrained educational settings.
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Philip H. Brillo
The Philippines has emerged as a premier global hub for English language instruction, propelled by its exceptional English proficiency and commanding presence in the English as a Second Language (ESL) industry. Despite this strength, the Philippines continues to face significant challenges in science literacy and functional illiteracy. This underscores the urgent need to explore how science teachers, especially those with an ESL background, leverage their expertise in language instruction to support science learning. This study employed a descriptive qualitative research design that aims to explore the science teachers’ use of ESL-derived literacy strategies in science instruction. Data from thirteen high school science teachers with ESL teaching backgrounds, were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2019) reflexive thematic analysis. The findings show that science teachers perceive students’ literacy skills as developing but constrained by language and comprehension barriers. In response, they employ ESL-derived literacy strategies such as pre-teaching vocabulary, visual and multimodal supports, and interactive language scaffolds to improve comprehension, make abstract concepts more concrete, boost confidence, and foster engagement, ultimately deepening conceptual understanding and retention in English-medium science lessons. However, these efforts are limited by time constraints, varying student proficiency, and strategy-content misalignment. These challenges highlight the need for accessible resources, extended instructional time, targeted professional development, and strategic implementation guidance. The study concludes that science teachers perceive that students’ literacy skills are hindered by linguistic challenges, prompting teachers to use ESL-derived strategies to enhance understanding; however, the effectiveness of these strategies is impeded by structural and contextual factors, highlighting the need for stronger systemic support. Future research may explore the effectiveness of literacy-infused science instruction in the Philippine context.
Minghao Li, Mohamad Dinie Khalis Bin Awalluddin, Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim, Yoon Tung Chan
This study adopts a scientometric approach to systematically review and critically analyze the research progress on the resource utilization of industrial solid waste in the building materials field. According to the Web of Science (WoS) database, a total of 250 relevant English papers from 2001 to 2025 were ultimately obtained. Using VOSviewer for visualization of yearly publishing patterns, authors' keyword co-occurrences, and the development history of research interests. From 2021 onwards, due to the increasing rigidity of environmental supervision and strengthening of CO₂ reduction targets, more articles have been published in this field over time, which shows that there is an increasing focus on researching how solid waste management links with low carbon consumption building materials. Moreover, this study provides a systematic review of the main research topics in the treatment and application of typical industrial solid waste materials in the building industry, including fly ash, coal gangue, metallurgical slag, gypsum, and red mud. From a management perspective, industrial solid waste resources have helped enhance the degree of resource utilisation through the promotion of the construction of a circular economy and reducing CO₂ emissions. Additionally, it raises requirements for the establishment of standard systems, implementing incentive policies, improving regional cooperation mechanisms, and constructing integrated industries. Although industrial solid waste has broad application prospects in the construction industry, there are still deficiencies in its performance improvement, durability guarantee, economy, and scale constraints during use. Future research needs to pay more attention to green treatment technologies, life cycle management, and policy-industry collaboration mechanisms' building to drive industrial solid waste from a resource utilization process towards its transition to sustainable large-scale applications.
Oladunni Philip Adesiji, Paul Sonayon Seyi-Gbangbayau, Prof. Mufutau Oluwakemi Oriola
Sculptural artifacts are visual embodiments of cultural memory, identity, and creativity. They are veritable means of visual story-telling and cultural narratives, particularly in indigenous movies. However, many of these tangible heritages face threats of destruction from rapid urban expansion, natural disasters, neglect, and the deliberate actions of man. In Nigeria, particularly within Yoruba communities of Southwest, several sculptures that once defined communal spaces have disappeared due to modern construction, weathering, and commercialisation. This paper argued that indigenous Yoruba movies could serve as alternative platforms for documenting and preserving the endangered sculptural forms. Through the creative integration of sculptural props, filmmakers would not only enrich visual storytelling but also immortalise sculpture, which is fading as a means of preserving cultural heritage. The paper adopted a theoretical discourse approach, emphasizing interpretive analysis that drew insights from Cultural Memory Theory, complemented by a newly formulated Artefact Cinematic Bridge Theory. The theories postulated that sculptural props are mediators between tangible cultural heritage and cinematic expressions. The study established the communicative and creative roles of sculptural props as vehicles for cultural preservation, documentation, and promotion in indigenous Yoruba movies. It advocated for the strategic inclusion, archiving, and scholarly documentation of sculptural elements in Yoruba movies as tools for sustaining Nigeria’s artistic and cultural continuity amid urban and environmental transformations.
Adrian Jacob F. Mirador, Joan D. Orlin, Jomari M. Monding, Lady Michelle Ann T. Padua
This study examined the effectiveness of demonstration and verbal instruction in Physical Education in relation to skill acquisition, student engagement, and learning outcomes among Grade 9 students. Guided by Social Cognitive Theory and Information Processing Theory, the study explored how observational learning and cognitive processing support motor skill development in performance-based instruction. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed using convenience sampling to select forty medically fit Grade 9 students from a single institutional setting. Data were collected through an adapted and validated Likert-scale questionnaire measuring instructional clarity, ease of understanding, motivation, and learner engagement. Responses were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to determine the level of perceived effectiveness for each instructional approach. Findings revealed that demonstration instruction was perceived as very highly effective, obtaining an overall mean of 3.52. Students reported stronger understanding, improved retention, and greater engagement when lessons incorporated visual modeling and guided practice. In contrast, verbal instruction obtained an overall mean of 3.05, interpreted as high, indicating that while verbal cues provide structure and guidance, they are less consistently effective when used independently during skill execution. Results suggest that demonstration plays a central role in supporting motor learning, while verbal instruction functions most effectively as a complementary strategy. The study underscores the importance of integrating visual modeling and concise verbal cues to enhance comprehension, support skill mastery, and sustain learner motivation. While findings are limited to student perceptions within a specific context, the results contribute to evidence-based practice in Physical Education and support the use of multimodal instructional strategies in skill-based learning environments.
Rhea C. Tiwan
While existing literature predominantly focuses on the barriers and high dropout rates of student-mothers, there is a critical shortage of research examining the specific developmental journey that leads to their academic and professional success. This study addresses the care-blind Universalist frameworks that often render the mechanisms of success for student-parents invisible. The study aimed to explore the lived experiences and success stories of mother-graduates to understand how they achieved academic completion. Specifically, it sought to identify the challenges encountered, examine the coping mechanisms utilized, and develop a unified framework that maps the transition from enrollment to graduation. Utilizing a qualitative narrative inquiry design, the researcher purposively selected ten (10) mother-graduates from the Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) program at ISPSC-Cervantes Campus who are currently elementary teachers in Quirino and Cervantes. Data were gathered through the Robot-Foto method and semi-structured interviews, subsequently analyzed through thematic analysis. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) served as the theoretical lens to categorize behavioral and psychological transitions. The study culminated in the development of the SILAW Framework, an original conceptual model mapping a five-phase maternal-academic transformation: (S)uspended Aspirations, (I)nternal Decisional Balance, (L)atent Persistence, (A)ctive Role Integration, and (W)orth Realized. Results reveal that participants transitioned from social evaluation apprehension to a profound realization of self-worth. Their success was anchored in militant time management and the activation of a supportive scaffold rooted in relational mobilization and structural aid. The educational achievements of these women resulted in a significant identity transformation, shifting their status from socially marginalized individuals to respected professionals. The study concludes that degree attainment is a transformative generational investment that secures a family's socioeconomic future. Recommendations include the institutionalization of family-sensitive academic policies and enhanced institutional coordination for maternal education support.
Abdul Bello Kagara, Bala Maik Mohammed, Binni Danjuma Beji, Opeyemi Oladapo Alawode, Stephen Musa, Wahab Bamidele Kareem
Carpenters and joiners form a significant segment of the workforce in the building industry. They are often among the first to arrive at construction sites and the last to leave, as they are involved in various stages of construction, from setting out building layouts to finishing works. The construction sector is currently experiencing rapid transformation due to emerging technologies in tools, materials, and processes, particularly in the area of digitalisation. This development necessitates a reassessment of traditional skill requirements. In addition, the introduction of new technologies has led to the continuous evolution of safety standards and regulations. This study therefore examined the skill needs of carpenters and joiners for the construction of smart buildings in Niger State, Nigeria. The population of 362 construction professionals (128 registered architects, 94 engineers, and 140 carpenters and joiners) were targeted for the study. 188 respondents were selected and used for the study. Data were collected using the Carpentry and Joinery Skills Instrument for Smart Buildings (CJSISB), administered in collaboration with registered professionals through a Google Scholar-based application. The instrument recorded a reliability index of 0.85, established using test-retest and Cronbach’s alpha statistics. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while one-way ANOVA was employed to test two null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance using IBM SPSS version 26. Findings from the study on skills required for the use of structural insulated panels by carpenters and joiners in smart building construction revealed that nine skills were needed, with mean scores ranging from 3.69 to 3.93. The overall grand mean of 3.37 fell within the decision range of 2.50–3.49, indicating that all identified skills were considered necessary for the effective use of structural insulated panels in smart building construction. Based on these findings, it was recommended that government and relevant stakeholders in the construction industry should establish targeted training programmes aimed at enhancing knowledge and practical skills in the use of structural insulated panels and recycled materials for smart building construction among carpenters and joiners.
Musibau O. Ogundeji, Nicodemus, Gilbert Fiberesima
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) form the very base upon which the big business organizations are built and they have proved to be a major tool adopted by the developed nations to attain socio-economic development. Most of the previous studies focused primarily on financial aspects such as bank credit, financing options, or investment levels when assessing the impact of SMEs on economic growth. This study investigates the roles of non-financial factors such as employment in service, export, or regulatory frameworks in shaping the relationship between SMEs and economic growth. The study employed historical research design using secondary time series data on GDP annual growth rate and export (% GDP), employment in service (% of total employment), service value added (% GDP), et cetera,. Ordinary least square estimation technique was used. The data were subjected to pre-estimations and statistical evaluations. Findings revealed that the short – run dynamic regression of the model indicates that in the short run, the coefficient of export in the current and lagged values are negatively signed and the lagged export variable is statistically significant. The coefficient for employment in service is positively signed in the current and negatively signed in their respected lagged year but not statistically significant, suggesting that they may not have a significant impact on economic growth. The coefficient for service value added current value is negatively related to gross domestic product, and is statistically significant. In the long run, the coefficient for export is positively related to Gross domestic product and very significant. The coefficient for employment in services is positively but not significant. The coefficient for service value added is negatively related to Gross domestic product but insignificant. The study therefore concludes that SMEs are engine of economic growth. The study therefore recommends that government provide financial access to SMEs in order to increase domestic economic activities that will spur exports, so as to achieve increase in employment and spur further economic development
Maria Cristina C. Tagle, Sally P. Genuino, Sanny E. Lopez Jr
This action research evaluated the effectiveness of the SMART-ARAL Program as a math intervention for Grade 11 non-numerate learners at Luis Y. Ferrer Jr. Senior High School. The objectives were to measure proficiency before and after the intervention, assess improvement, identify challenges, and suggest program improvements. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design was used. Twenty-six learners were purposively selected from the TVL and HUMSS strands. The six-week intervention used modules, peer tutoring, guided practice, and weekly tests. Quantitative data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, and paired-sample t-tests. Qualitative data from focus group discussions were analyzed thematically. Results showed mean scores rose from 6.96 (pretest) to 19.85 (posttest). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant increase in the score, with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 3.13), reflecting improved numeracy. Challenges included time constraints, limited resources, inconsistent attendance, learning gaps, and external barriers. The study concludes that SMART-ARAL is an effective, structured mathematics remediation program. The following recommendations are made: (1) Implement the SMART-ARAL program at all grade levels where students require mathematics remediation; (2) Increase the length and number of intervention sessions to address learning gaps more thoroughly; (3) Provide additional funding for instructional materials and professional development for teachers involved in the program; (4) Integrate interactive and adaptive teaching methods, such as technology-assisted lessons and individualized practice, to cater to diverse learner needs; and (5) Conduct future studies using larger participant groups and track students’ progress over extended periods to strengthen the evidence on program efficacy.
Galang, Dandee N., Narciso, Andrei Rosewell A., Navarra Lech Walesa M., Ocampo, Clarence S., Valencia, Jessie Gerald N
Smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) has emerged as a cost-effective and portable alternative to conventional fundus cameras, particularly in low-resource and underserved areas. Traditional retinal imaging systems are often expensive, bulky, and require trained specialists, limiting access to early detection of diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Although smartphones offer a practical solution due to their accessibility and compatibility with telemedicine, challenges remain in terms of image quality, standardization, and the applicability of artificial intelligence (AI) models. This study utilized a systematic review and gap analysis of existing literature on smartphone-based fundus imaging. Relevant studies were collected from electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and selected Philippine medical journals. A purposive sampling approach was applied to select studies focusing on SBFI systems, imaging techniques, and AI applications. Data were extracted using a standardized format and analyzed through descriptive and thematic methods to identify patterns, performance outcomes, and research gaps. The findings show that SBFI can achieve diagnostic performance comparable to conventional fundus cameras, with several studies reporting high sensitivity and specificity in detecting retinal diseases. Low-cost imaging solutions, such as 3D-printed adapters and handheld lenses, demonstrated feasibility in both clinical and community settings. However, variability in image quality, limited field of view, and dependence on operator skill were consistently observed. Most studies relied on manual grading, with limited use of AI for automated analysis. Key barriers include lack of standardized imaging protocols, inconsistent image quality, and limited validation of AI models for smartphone images. SBFI is a promising tool for expanding retinal screening in low-resource settings. However, improvements in image standardization, AI adaptability, and implementation strategies are necessary to support wider adoption.
Nicholas Low Chun Pin, Tan Kwang Shean
As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to redefine global industry demands, engineering education faces a critical need for structural realignment to ensure graduate readiness. This study identifies the primary determinants of engineering student competence at INTI International College Penang (IICP), framing the investigation within the multifaceted lens of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). By examining the triadic reciprocity between cognitive, behavioural, and environmental factors, the research evaluates the impact of curriculum gaps, AI awareness, and the efficacy of industry-academia collaboration on professional development. Employing a quantitative methodology, a survey was administered to 50 diploma and degree engineering students, utilizing a five-point Likert scale to measure perceptions of these specific determinants. Descriptive analysis revealed a compelling shift in student perspectives: while respondents perceived outdated curricula and a lack of AI awareness as less influential than initially anticipated, the adoption of AI tools, practical on-the-job training, industry collaboration, and organizational cultural dynamics emerged as the most significant drivers of competence. These findings advocate for strategic educational reforms that prioritize the integration of AI-driven technologies and the expansion of experiential learning opportunities to bridge the industry-student divide. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of communicative proficiency alongside technical mastery in modern media ecologies. This research provides policymakers and higher education providers with actionable insights to enhance curricular relevance, ensuring the development of a workforce that is both technically adept and communicatively prepared to navigate the complexities of an increasingly AI-driven industrial landscape. Through this alignment, institutions can better foster innovation and long-term employability for future engineers.
Kus Hanna Rahmi, Shafa Salsabila Rahmadina, Tyo Hendryan
The increasing use of social media among students has generated multifaceted impacts on mental health, particularly under conditions of excessive exposure (Over-Exposure). A growing body of empirical and review evidence indicates that intensive and uncontrolled social media use is consistently associated with heightened anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, low self-esteem, body image distortion, cyberbullying, and declining academic performance—outcomes that are mediated not only by exposure intensity but also by students' limited capacity for emotional regulation, adaptive coping, and responsible digital decision-making. This systematic literature review aims to critically examine the role of Social Emotional Learning (SEL) as a protective mechanism against the negative psychological impacts of social media Over-Exposure on students' mental health. A systematic search was conducted across three databases—Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science—using predefined keywords and covering publications from 2019 to 2025. Guided by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) procedures, a total of 57 records were initially retrieved, with 13 articles meeting the established inclusion criteria. Critical synthesis of the findings reveals that SEL consistently contributes to improvements in emotional regulation, self-awareness, empathy, psychological resilience, and adaptive coping skills, thereby reducing the risk of mental health problems associated with excessive social media exposure. Notably, studies diverge in their explanations of the psychological mechanisms involved: whereas some emphasize rumination and cognitive overload as key mediators, others highlight threat appraisal and coping capacity as central processes. A conceptual framework is proposed to illustrate how SEL functions as a multilevel protective system within the digital context. These findings support the systematic integration of SEL into school curricula as an evidence-based preventive strategy to promote students' mental health and digital well-being in the contemporary era.
Dr. (Mrs.) N. P. Ogbuokiri, Eke Ifeoma
The study investigated Social Factors as Predictor of Premarital sex among Secondary School Adolescents in South-East in Nigeria. One research question guided the study and one hypothesis were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study employed a correlational survey design as the study sought to investigate relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The population of the study comprised 78,740 senior secondary school (SS II) students in the 1,230 public secondary schools in South East States of Nigeria. The sample for the study was two thousand four hundred and forty-one (2,441) students selected using stratified random sampling techniques. A researcher developed questionnaire titled “Social Factors Questionnaire (SFQ) and premarital sex Questionnaire (PSQ) was used for the study and was validated by three lecturers from the Department of Psychological Foundations Facility of Education, Abia State University, Uturu. The instrument yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.91 which implied that the instrument was reliable for the study. Research question was answered using simple linear regression, while t-test statistics associated with regression analysis was used to test hypotheses at 0,05 level of significance. The findings from the study reveal among others that family structure predicts premarital sex to a high extent among secondary school adolescent. Again, the corresponding hypotheses show that family structure significantly predicts adolescent involvement in premarital sex in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended among other things that schools should educate parents aboutadolescent’s development, communication, and how their attitudes, values influence their children sexual behaviour.
Abdulai Ismail, Augustine Beneb Dumeh
The agricultural supply chains of the developing economies have been typified by the presence of information asymmetries, ineffective coordination and ineffective market connections that still limit the productivity and welfare of smallholder farmers. Social media technologies have become low-priced digital technologies that have the capacity to mitigate these structural constraints, but evidence on the topic is limited in remote sub-Saharan African agricultural settings. This paper looks at the connection between social media adoption and the performance of supply chains between small farmers and agri-business players in the Upper West Region of Ghana. The sample size was 294 respondents, using the Yamane formula to pick the respondents based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Social Capital Theory, and the Resource-Based View (RBV). Structured questionnaires were used to gather data, which was analysed using IBM SPSS v28 and AMOS 26. The results indicate that the perceived usefulness ( β=.341), social capital accumulation ( β=.312), information sharing (β=.287), market access facilitation ( β=.261) and collaborative network strength ( β=.234) are all positive predictors of supply chain performance (R² =.618, p =.001). The structural equation modelling establishes a good fit of the model. The research creates theoretically new and practically practical information that can be used by policymakers, development organisations and agri-business practitioners to capitalise on the use of social media as a supply chain transformation tool in frontier agricultural economies.
Idoh, Famous Mda-Asira
Corruption remains one of the most persistent challenges undermining governance, economic development, and public trust in Nigeria. Despite the establishment of formal anti-corruption institutions such as the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission and the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission, the problem continues to manifest in various forms across political and administrative structures. In recent years, the rapid expansion of digital communication technologies and social networking platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and WhatsApp has introduced new dynamics in the fight against corruption. This article examines the role of social media as an emerging tool for promoting transparency, accountability, and citizen participation in anti-corruption efforts in Nigeria. Using a qualitative and analytical approach, the study explores how social media platforms facilitate information dissemination, whistleblowing, public mobilization, and digital activism aimed at exposing corrupt practices. At the same time, the article identifies several challenges associated with the use of social media in anti-corruption campaigns, including misinformation, digital harassment, government regulation, and the persistent digital divide that limits access for some segments of the population. The study argues that while social media has significantly expanded the space for civic engagement and public scrutiny of government activities, its effectiveness in combating corruption depends largely on responsible digital practices, supportive legal frameworks, and stronger institutional responses from relevant authorities. The article concludes that harnessing the opportunities offered by social media can significantly enhance anti-corruption initiatives in Nigeria if its limitations are carefully addressed through policy reforms, digital literacy, and improved collaboration between citizens, civil society organizations, and state institutions.
Alia Nadira Rosle, Farrah Nadia Baharuddin
The emergence of social media in today’s dynamic business environment has triggered the transformation of marketing communication strategies in business sectors, including the cosmetics sector. The 21st century has witnessed the rise of social media influencers into becoming powerful opinion leaders capable of influencing consumers’ perceptions and purchase decisions. But there is limited research on influencer characteristics that shape favourable brand perceptions and drive purchase intention particularly in the cosmetics sector in Malaysia. This conceptual study is grounded in the Source Credibility Theory, Human Brand Theory, and Stimulus-Organism-Response model, proposing a new model for explaining the influence of social media influencer characteristics on brand image and brand trust, subsequently leading to purchase intention. The proposed framework contributes to the extant literature on social media marketing by integrating psychological and branding perspectives to better understand the impact of influencer endorsement in the field of consumer behaviour. Managerial implications for local cosmetic brands targeting Generation Z consumers are also discussed.
Bui Hoang Phuoc, Luu Thi My Duyen, Nguyen Hai Anh Thu, Nguyen Huynh Bao Kim, Nguyen Viet Luan
This study investigates the level and structural characteristics of social-emotional competence (SEC) among students at Ho Chi Minh City University of Education within the framework of the Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL). A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with 382 undergraduate students using the Social-Emotional Competence Questionnaire (SECQ). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. The results indicate that students demonstrate a relatively high level of overall SEC (M = 4.53, SD = 0.95). However, the distribution across components is uneven. Interpersonal competencies, particularly relationship skills and self-awareness, are more developed, while self-management and social awareness are comparatively weaker. All five components show positive and statistically significant correlations (p < .01), supporting the integrated structure of SEC. Despite the generally high level of competence, the findings reveal a discrepancy between socio-emotional awareness and effective behavioral regulation. Importantly, this study identifies a critical structural imbalance between socio-emotional awareness and behavioral regulation, which represents its key contribution to the literature on social-emotional competence in higher education. This suggests that students’ perceived competence does not fully translate into consistent real-life application. The study highlights the need for higher education institutions to adopt structured, experiential and practice-based approaches to foster balanced development across SEC components, particularly in enhancing emotional regulation, adaptability and psychological well-being.
Gladys S. Escarlos, Redine T. Malabote
This study examined the influence of socio-emotional competence and instructional leadership on the attrition of teachers. A quantitative research design, descriptive-correlational method was utilized to examine socio-emotional competence and instructional leadership as predictors of teacher attrition among public school teachers in Don Carlos District, Bukidnon Division, Region X for the School Year 2025-2026. Attrition has become one of the most pressing issues facing education system here in Philippines. Findings revealed moderate attrition influence across all domains, with Salary/Benefits and Assignment Factors highest. Despite pressures, teachers maintained high instructional competence. Pearson correlations showed significant negative relationships between attrition and socio-emotional competence and instructional leadership, strongest for Monitoring Instruction. Multiple regression analysis identified four significant predictors: Monitoring Instruction, Responsible Decision-Making, Supporting Teachers, and Relationship Skills, explaining 50.7% of attrition variance. Instructional leadership emerged as the dominant attrition factor. The study concludes that leadership deficiencies, particularly inadequate instructional monitoring, drive rural teacher attrition more than environmental pressures. Recommendations include mandatory principal training in monitoring protocols, socio-emotional competence workshops, structured teacher support systems, and retention-linked incentives.
Associate Prof. Dr. Mohammed Y. M. Mai, Prof. Dr. Abdul Talib bin Mohamed Hashim, Suheir A. I. Shakfa
In recent years, the number of Arab students enrolled in Malaysian universities has increased significantly. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the major sociocultural adjustment challenges encountered by Arab students as they adapt to a new cultural environment in selected Malaysian public universities. A mixed- methods research design was employed, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The sample of this study consisted of 261 students who studied at five Malaysian public universities, and 10 students were interviewed from the targeted universities using the simple random sampling technique. This study was based on cross-cultural adaptation theory, drawing on the U-curve model of adaptation and utilizing a modified version of Ward and Kennedy’s (1999) Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (SCAS). The findings revealed that environmental and academic challenges had the highest mean scores, while language and social challenges ranked at intermediate levels. The qualitative interviews also highlighted four main areas of difficulty, with language and social challenges emerging as the most prominent. Therefore, it can be recommended that to encourage universities to include cross-cultural communication training for both local and international students.
Cathlyn H. Salvan, Jim Paul G. Laspobres, Marlyn P. Dela Cruz
Deforestation remains a significant environmental concern in the Philippines, particularly in forest frontier municipalities where agricultural expansion and settlement growth interact with remaining forest landscapes. This study examines the socioeconomic determinants of household tree-cutting behavior in Talakag, Bukidnon. Primary data were collected from 103 rural households in Barangays Indulang and Dominorog through a structured survey conducted between December 2022 and February 2023. Descriptive statistics indicate that households reported an average of 539.78 or 540 trees cut, reflecting substantial variation in forest-use practices. To estimate the determinants of tree-cutting behavior, a Poisson regression model was applied, complemented by Generalized Linear Modeling (GLM) and Negative Binomial specifications to assess robustness. The results show that agricultural expansion is associated with approximately 31.6% higher expected tree-cutting counts, while migration is associated with a 22.1% increase and infrastructure development with a 10.5% increase, holding other factors constant. Years of land occupation also exhibit a positive and statistically significant association with tree-cutting behavior. In contrast, education, sex, and household timber extraction are not statistically significant predictors. Diagnostic tests confirm that the Poisson specification provides a good model fit (Pseudo R² = 0.653) with no evidence of overdispersion and consistent results across alternative count-data models. However, given the cross-sectional nature of the data and the potential endogeneity of key variables, the estimated relationships were interpreted as conditional associations rather than causal effects. The findings suggest that deforestation in Talakag is closely associated with agricultural land expansion and settlement dynamics in forest frontier areas, highlighting the importance of integrated forest governance, sustainable land-use planning, and agroforestry systems to reduce pressure on forest resources in upland communities.
Mamboleo Dennis, Moenga Joshua, Norah Nyaiyo
Rapid urbanization in developing regions has intensified environmental management challenges, particularly in relation to municipal solid waste. While extensive research has focused on major cities, emerging urban centres remain underexplored despite facing similar pressures. This study examines the environmental quality implications of solid waste management practices in Suneka Town, Kisii County, Kenya. The study adopts a qualitative desk-based research design based on a systematic synthesis of peer-reviewed literature, policy documents, and institutional reports. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and causal relationships linking waste management practices to environmental outcomes. The findings show that inefficient waste collection, informal disposal practices, and poor waste handling contribute to environmental degradation through identifiable mechanisms. Waste accumulation leads to drainage blockage by obstructing water flow, increases pest infestation through organic waste decomposition, and results in odor pollution that reduces environmental quality. These processes collectively compromise sanitation conditions and increase public health risks. The study further demonstrates that these challenges are not isolated but reflect broader structural conditions observed across rapidly growing urban centres in Sub-Saharan Africa. The findings highlight the need for integrated waste management systems that combine infrastructure development, institutional strengthening, and community participation. Improving waste management in emerging urban centres is essential for enhancing environmental quality, protecting public health, and promoting sustainable urban development in Kenya and similar contexts.
Daniel Wakaba Kiniti, Dr. Daniel Mungai Wanyoike, Dr. Joel Koima
The electronics industry is among the largest and fastest-growing sectors globally, a trend that has resulted in a significant increase in the generation of electronic waste (e-waste). E-waste may be viewed not only as an environmental challenge but also as a strategic resource. Despite the growing importance of e-waste management, empirical research examining the relationship between e-waste disposal strategies and competitive advantage remains limited in the Kenyan context, particularly within the utility sector. This gap persists despite Kenya’s unique regulatory, institutional, and socio-economic environment, where weaknesses in the adequacy, coverage, and enforcement of e-waste regulations have contributed to documented environmental and public health incidents, including lead poisoning cases associated with improper disposal of electronic waste. At the same time, Kenya presents opportunities for economic gains through e-waste recycling and reuse. The study examined the influence of e-waste disposal strategies on the competitive advantage of utility firms in Kenya. The study focused on utility companies dealing with electricity, telecommunications, water and sanitation operating across all forty-seven counties, which are among the largest generators of e-waste in the country. The specific objectives were to assess the effect of value addition and transfer of e-waste on the competitive advantage of utility firms in Kenya, with stakeholder engagement applied as a moderating variable. The study was anchored on the resource-based view theory, competition theory, game theory, and waste management theory. Survey research design was adopted, targeting officers drawn from utility firms using a random sample of 235 respondents. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires administered through hand delivery and electronic mail. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics, with multiple regression analysis conducted using SPSS version 25. The results revealed that the variables had a positive and statistically significant relationship with competitive advantage of utility firms in Kenya. The regression model yielded R² value of 0.302 (30.2%) in Model 1 without the moderating variable. After the introduction of the moderating variable in Model 2, R2 rose to 0.514 (51.4%). In Model 3, R2 increased to 0.545 (54.5%) with moderator variable as intercept and slope shifter, indicating that the independent variables jointly explained 54.5% of the variation in competitive advantage, while 45.5% was attributable to factors not captured in the study. After introduction of stakeholder engagement emerged as moderator variable, it had the highest beta of +0.499 which was significant. The study concluded that environmentally compliant and strategically managed e-waste disposal practices enhanced competitive advantage by minimizing social and environmental costs, improving organizational efficiency, and maximizing welfare outcomes. The findings contribute to theory, policy, and practice by demonstrating that sustainable e-waste management is not only an environmental imperative but also a strategic driver of competitive advantage for utility firms in Kenya.
Daniel Emmanuel Kayode, Orbunde Benjamin Benshima, Rabson Iniobong Cletus
Tax avoidance among multinational corporations in Nigeria remains a critical issue due to persistent challenges such as aggressive tax planning, equity-based executive incentives, and limited regulatory oversight. This study examines the relationship between Stock Options (SO) and Long-Term Incentive Plans (LTIP) on tax avoidance in Nigerian-listed multinational corporations. Using panel data from 31 multinational corporations listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group, spanning from 2010 to 2024, this study employs Panel EGLS with cross-section weights using E-Views 12 statistical software. The findings reveal that Stock Options (SO) have a negative but significant effect on tax avoidance, indicating that higher option-based pay incentivizes tax avoidance, while Long-Term Incentive Plans (LTIP) have a positive but insignificant effect, suggesting no meaningful influence on tax planning. The study recommends that Nigerian regulatory authorities, particularly the SEC and FRCN, should mandate enhanced annual disclosures of stock option grants and exercise details while requiring listed multinational corporations to link a meaningful portion of LTIP vesting to verifiable tax compliance and minimum effective tax rate thresholds, with clawback provisions for non-compliance, to curb incentive-driven tax avoidance without compromising long-term alignment.
Beverly I. Villegas, Genevie I. Villegas, Jemuel I. Villegas, Joy B. Araza, Rezy V. Mendaño
Teaching in remote upland schools involves persistent challenges such as geographical isolation, limited resources, and restricted access; however, many teachers continue to demonstrate sustained commitment. This qualitative narrative inquiry examined how teachers in remote upland schools in the Catbalogan City Division construct commitment, cope with challenges, and sustain hope and professional fulfillment. Thirteen public elementary school teachers participated in in-depth interviews, and data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Findings identified four interrelated themes: teaching as a calling grounded in service and moral responsibility, learners as emotional and moral anchors of commitment, hardship and isolation as normalized conditions, and coping through faith, positivity, creativity, and community support. Hope was derived from incremental learner progress, while professional fulfillment was associated with personal and professional identity development characterized by resilience, confidence, and purpose. The study concludes that teachers’ commitment and hope in remote upland schools are relational, moral, and identity-driven rather than dependent solely on material conditions, highlighting the need for educational support systems that address both structural and psycho-social dimensions of teaching in geographically isolated and disadvantaged contexts.
Gilbert M. Baflor, James L. Paglinawan
This qualitative phenomenological study explored the stories of struggles and successes of novice teachers who transitioned from private to public schools in selected districts in the Division of Bukidnon, Mindanao, Philippines, during School Year 2025–2026. Fifteen novice public school teachers who previously taught in private schools were chosen through snowball sampling and participated in semi‑structured, open‑ended questions administered via online questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis, creating themes on reasons for transition, struggles and difficulties, coping strategies, and recommendations for prospective transferees. Findings showed that teachers moved to public schools mainly for financial security, professional growth, and a sense of vocation to serve underserved learners, yet they encountered resource limitations, heavy workloads, large class sizes, and poverty‑related learner difficulties. To cope, they relied on collegial support, careful planning and time management, resourcefulness and improvisation, and a flexible, service‑oriented mindset, which in turn shaped practical recommendations for teachers considering the same move. The study stresses the need for stronger institutional support and policy responsiveness to ease novice teachers’ transition from private to public schools and sustain their commitment to the public education system.
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Dr. Zyra B. Andoy
This study investigated the impact of strategic planning quality, innovation practices, and networking strategies on the resource mobilization capability of 501 school leaders in Region 10, Philippines, during the 2025-2026 school year. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study sought to address the persistent challenges of chronic funding gaps and classroom shortages that hinder the delivery of high-quality education. Findings revealed that school leaders exhibit high strategic planning quality (mean=4.16) and innovation practices (mean=4.13), with their greatest strengths lying in monitoring progress and modelling transparency. Furthermore, networking strategies (mean=4.28) and resource mobilization capability (mean=4.23) were practiced at "very high" levels, indicating exceptional skills in responsiveness to change and effective resource utilization. Statistical analysis demonstrated a highly significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) between all examined leadership practices and the capability to mobilize resources. Multiple regression analysis identified five critical predictors of resource mobilization: resource linking strategies, active engagement, modelling and transparency, monitoring and continuous improvement, and trust-building. Notably, resource linking emerged as the most potent predictor of success. The study concludes that fostering an innovative leadership culture and intentional networking are essential for securing the financial, material, and social resources necessary to bridge gaps in public funding. These results provide a vital roadmap for targeted leadership development programs aimed at enhancing school sustainability and educational outcomes.
Kingsley Okechukwu WOGWU, Olajide Solomon FADUN
Workforce turnover is a significant challenge for people working in organisations classified as high-risk industries. The loss of ‘good’ and talented staff may compromise safety, service delivery and longer-term sustainability. This paper examines the incorporation of a strategic risk management approach into human resource (HR) policies to manage turnover risks in three major establishments, namely: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Brightwaters Energy Limited (BEL), and Port Harcourt International Airport (PHIA). Quantitative research was conducted through a survey distributed within the organisations, with 420 questionnaires administered and 372 valid responses collected. Factors examined were turnover intention, job satisfaction, organisational commitment, HR policy effectiveness, and sector-specific retention issues. Statistical Description and Correlation analyses (means, standard deviations) between variables were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results indicated moderately high levels of organisational commitment, although job satisfaction was somewhat more variable, with recognition and work–life balance as among the weaker areas. The turnover intention remained a risk, especially in situations where competitive external labour markets exerted strong pull forces. Of particular significance was the finding that strategic, risk-based HR interventions, such as succession planning, risk-informed wellbeing programmes, and targeted retention packages, have a significant influence on staff retention outcomes. The study also finds that high-risk environment organisations need to prioritise risk-based, strategic HR policies not only to address turnover but also to achieve resilience, continuity and competitive advantage in an increasingly turbulent labour market.
Dr. K. Pelekelo, Simon Cheba
Today in Zambia, there has been an escalating number of reports and incidences of various forms of child abuse. Almost on a weekly basis, the Zambia Police receive many reports of child abuse cases in form of sexual abuse, physical, psychological, emotional and neglect. Chipata as a city is not spared from these cases. These are mostly happening in homes, schools, churches, and on the streets. Chipata Central Police Station receives many cases of child abuse from the surrounding communities and villages. In general, recent reports indicate that cases of child sexual abuse are still prevalent. This being the case, it’s indicative of the fact that there is a gap between the available laws or child protection policy and the implementation or enforcement of the policy. The call, therefore, is to find ways of strengthening laws that protect the welfare of children, and most importantly to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the national child protection and safeguarding policy. Additionally, there is even the lack of proper post-care of the victims of child abuse. In this case, there is also the need to establish Institutions whose sole job is to take care of those traumatized by the effects of child abuse of any form. Therefore, strengthening the mechanisms of child protection and safeguarding from all forms of abuse is an important tool to achieving a safe environment for children.
Beatrice Ombaka, Harriet Kinya Mwenda, Wanjau Kenneth Lawrence
In the contemporary Kenyan higher education landscape, institutions are increasingly challenged by technological shifts and the implementation of the 2025 New Funding Model. These pressures necessitate a strategic shift toward organizational ambidexterity as the ability to balance operational efficiency with innovative exploration. The study examined the relationship between structural ambidexterity (SA) and institutional performance in chartered private universities in Kenya, while assessing the moderating role of dynamic capabilities (DC). Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT), the research employed a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from 195 senior management respondents across 27 chartered private universities. The analysis utilized partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) via Advanced Analysis of Network Composites (ADANCO 2.3.2) software. SA was modeled as a higher-order formative composite, and moderation was tested using the product indicator approach. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between SA and perceived institutional performance (p < 0.001), supporting H1. Moreover, DC significantly moderated the relationship between SA and perceived performance (p < 0.001) of private universities, supporting H2. The moderation effect demonstrated a significant medium effect size (f² = 0.1926), indicating that the interaction term contributed meaningfully to performance over and above the direct effects of the predictor variables. The moderated model explains 29.21% of perceived university performance. It is concluded that, balancing exploration and exploitation, supported by strong DC, appears essential for enhancing performance in Kenyan chartered private universities. Accordingly, university governing boards should strengthen DC among senior management and adopt structural designs that support innovation alongside traditional academic functions, while policymakers create a regulatory environment that promotes institutional agility and diversification.
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Lanie P. Orongan
This study explored the lived experiences of 40 married students enrolled in the Alternative Learning System (ALS) in the Philippines, focusing on the struggles they encounter, the success stories they achieve, the coping strategies they employ, and the meanings they ascribe to their educational journey. Guided by a qualitative phenomenological design, the study enhanced its generalizability through a larger, more diverse sample. Data were collected from participants through a robust triangulation strategy involving semi‑structured interviews, self‑reflective written narratives, and systematic field observations, all analyzed using a rigorous six‑stage thematic analysis process. Findings revealed that married ALS learners face significant challenges such as financial hardship, time constraints due to family and work responsibilities, and emotional stress from multiple roles. Despite these barriers, learners interpreted success as incremental yet transformative victories, including completing modules, passing literacy tests, and earning certificates that fostered employment and family stability. Coping strategies included time management, peer study groups, family encouragement, community support, and reliance on faith and self‑discipline. Importantly, learners made meaning of their experiences by framing struggles as purposeful sacrifices and successes as milestones that break cycles of poverty and inspire hope for the future. The study concludes that married ALS students demonstrate remarkable resilience, navigating dual demands through robust support systems. These insights highlight ALS's transformative potential while underscoring the need for flexible, learner‑centered approaches, enhanced community involvement, and tailored family support to boost persistence.
Maradoni Louisse A. Ambrad
The increasing emphasis on student-centered quality assurance in higher education necessitates systematic evaluation of academic programs, particularly in technology-oriented disciplines. This study assesses student satisfaction within the Bachelor of Science in Computer Science (BSCS) Department of North Negros College, Inc., focusing on curriculum, facilities, and faculty performance as key determinants of academic productivity and service quality. Grounded in established Information Systems and organizational performance frameworks—including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Task–Technology Fit (TTF), and the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model—the study examines how instructional delivery, learning infrastructure, and program design influence overall student experience. A descriptive-evaluative design was employed using survey data from 105 students out of a total population of 331 (31.72% response rate). The instrument demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach’s α = .966). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, subgroup comparisons, and multiple regression modeling. Results indicate consistently high satisfaction across domains, with faculty performance emerging as the strongest predictor of overall satisfaction (β = .680, p < .001), followed by facilities (β = .202, p < .05), while curriculum showed no significant predictive effect when controlling for other variables. Findings suggest that while the department has achieved functional effectiveness in delivering academic services, its performance is shaped by contextual factors such as instructional quality and infrastructure adequacy. The study offers evidence-based recommendations for targeted improvements in faculty development, facility enhancement, and curriculum alignment to support sustained institutional growth and competitiveness.
M.S.F.Safiyya, R.Vijayatheepan
In the 21st century, as Information and Communication Technology stands as a fundamental pillar of education, employment, and social progress, the attitude of Advanced Level students toward the General Information Technology (GIT) subject directly determines their academic performance and future career opportunities. This study was conducted based on descriptive survey and mixed-method research approaches. From a population of 202 Grade 12 students studying in four Tamil-medium schools (Type 1AB and 1C) in the Beruwala Zone, 112 students were selected as a sample based on the Morgan Table. For data collection, questionnaires were used for students and teachers, while interviews were conducted with parents. The collected quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel software, and qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The attitudes of students toward the GIT subject are significantly influenced by student-related factors such as personal interest, technical skills, learning motivation, and the progress and barriers to learning GIT ; school-related factors such as teaching methods, resources, teacher support, technology usage, and the lack of technical training and guidance for teachers; and parent-related factors including parental encouragement, technological facilities at home, gender discrimination, and GIT usage. Furthermore, it is confirmed that fluctuations in past GIT examination results, external circumstances, and educational system challenges have also impacted students' attitudes. The study emphasizes the necessity of teaching strategies, educational resource development, and parental awareness to improve students' positive attitudes toward the GIT subject. This research is expected to serve as a foundation for educational planning, policy formulation, and future studies, while providing a useful contribution to the development of GIT skills among Advanced Level students and the country's human resource development. This study recommends that various measures be taken at different levels to address these issues
Carolyne S. Mudeje Buya, Elizabeth Jerop. Katam
The shift from teacher to learner in implementing Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) has given impetus to students’ voices. Descriptive design was used. The target population was all 16 teachers teaching grade 8 at St George’s public primary school in Kiambu County, Kenya. All 16 teachers purposefully participated. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and it was analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The findings revealed that half often and the other half of the teachers rarely considered students' experiences, needs, and interests before the overall planning for teaching and learning. The study recommends intensive retooling of teachers for effective CBC implementation.
Lord Mark Jayson B. Ilarde
Communication is the lifeline of hospitality service, and when students cannot use it confidently, their readiness for professional practice is directly compromised. This study determined the students’ acceptability and experiences in using the Language Mastery (LM) Remedial Workbook as a contextualized communication material for Hospitality Management students. Specifically, it assessed the level of acceptability of the workbook in terms of content quality, organization and structure, engagement and motivation, language clarity, relevance to hospitality services, and usability and design. It also explored the students’ experiences in using the workbook as a remedial tool for workplace-related communication. The study employed a mixed-methods research design involving 136 third-year Hospitality Management students from Cagayan State University–Sanchez Mira Campus during the second semester of Academic Year 2025–2026. Quantitative data were gathered through a validated workbook acceptability survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were obtained through a semi-structured interview guide and focus group responses and analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings revealed that the LM Remedial Workbook was rated highly acceptable, with an overall mean of 4.74. All six dimensions also obtained Highly acceptable ratings, indicating that the workbook was perceived as clear, organized, engaging, relevant, and easy to use. Qualitative findings further revealed six major themes: relevance and contextualized learning, increased confidence and reduced anxiety in communication, perceived improvement in communication skills, engagement and learner independence, continuing difficulties in grammar, writing, and speaking, and the need for continued practice and feedback. The study concludes that the LM Remedial Workbook is a relevant, learner-centered, and practical remedial communication material for Hospitality Management students, particularly in strengthening workplace-related English communication in front office, housekeeping, and food and beverage service contexts.
Hazrati Binti Yahaya, Ibrahim Youssef Abdelhamid, Nur Syuhaidah, Ragab Ibrahim Ahmed Awad
This study examines students’ perceptions of learning Arabic grammar through the Tanwir Lughah Language Enhancement Program at Universiti Teknologi MARA (Shah Alam). It addresses issues related to students’ weak mastery of Arabic grammar and their level of participation in the program, which is considered suboptimal. A descriptive quantitative research design was employed, with a questionnaire as the primary instrument. The sample comprised 50 Arabic language students from Semester One to Semester Five who attended and participated in the program. Findings indicate that students hold positive perceptions toward learning Arabic grammar through the program. This study is significant as it provides valuable insights for Arabic language educators and program coordinators regarding the effectiveness of the Tanwir Lughah program in enhancing students’ grammar mastery. The results can also inform the improvement of grammar modules and teaching strategies in the future, thereby supporting the development of stronger Arabic language skills among students.
Andrhea Justine C. Galutan, Jenny Lyne S. Lisayen, MAED
Foundational mathematical operations like addition are crucial for early learners, but most existing interventions target middle or upper primary learners. There remains a significant research gap in the localized development of manipulative tools for Grade 1 students. This study aimed to develop and validate a Manipulative Drill Package (MDP) to enhance the addition performance of Grade 1 learners at Cervantes Central School. Using a developmental research design guided by the Successive Approximation Model (SAM), the study identified that students struggle significantly with solving problems involving sums up to 100 without regrouping, which served as the primary basis for the MDP's content. The resulting MDP features concrete, interactive, and engaging materials such as counters and visual aids designed to target identified learning gaps. Validation results from experts indicated that the MDP is a valid instructional tool, receiving high ratings for content quality, format, presentation, and organization based on the LRMDS evaluation checklist. The study concludes that the developed MDP is an innovative and valid instructional material capable of improving learner engagement and strengthening foundational arithmetic skills. It is recommended that Grade 1 mathematics teachers utilize this package to enhance student performance and engagement, while future researchers may use the study’s methodologies as a reference for developing additional numeracy-focused instructional tools.
Helen C. Fuentes, Nic Jan Johanne A. Castillo.
The rapid evolution of educational practices in the 21st century has highlighted the critical role of supervision in ensuring that teaching and learning remain responsive, engaging, and inclusive. In Physical Education (PE) and Health programs, teachers continually navigate increasing expectations to integrate digital tools and inclusive approaches that cater to diverse learners. These expectations require coherent guidance, mentoring, and technical assistance—functions that fall squarely within the responsibilities of instructional supervisors. As schools embrace digital transformation and inclusive education policies, supervisors play an essential role in shaping instructional quality, teacher readiness, and the overall learning experience of students. Supervisory practices—such as instructional supervision, mentoring, classroom observation, technical assistance, monitoring, and the facilitation of professional development—serve as vehicles that help teachers innovate and enhance their instructional delivery. The introduction of digital strategies in PE and Health, including video analysis tools, virtual fitness applications, performance-tracking platforms, and multimedia learning materials, demands new competencies and consistent support. Similarly, inclusive strategies such as differentiated instruction, adaptive equipment, modified learning tasks, and accommodations for learners with disabilities require specialized guidance for teachers to confidently and successfully implement them. Despite these growing demands, many teachers encounter challenges in accessing meaningful supervision, especially in contexts where supervisors manage a significant number of schools across the division. The gap between supervisory expectations and actual mentoring raises critical questions about how supervision can effectively help teachers integrate digital and inclusive strategies. Understanding these dynamics becomes essential for shaping evidence-based interventions, improving instructional practices, and promoting equitable and technology-rich learning environments. This study seeks to examine how supervisory practices contribute to the integration of digital and inclusive strategies in PE and Health programs. By using a descriptive–correlational approach and regression analysis, the study investigates the extent to which supervision predicts or influences teachers’ instructional integration. The findings aim to inform decision-makers, enhance supervisory frameworks, and support teacher development in ways that benefit learners across the division. This study aims to explore instructional supervision that support the integration of digital and inclusive strategies in Physical Education and Health programs. Specifically, it seeks to determine how instructional supervision contribute to teachers’ adoption of these instructional approaches and whether significant relationships exist between variable. The general problem guiding the study is: What supervisory practices enhance the integration of digital and inclusive strategies in PE and Health programs? To address this central question, the study seeks to answer the following specific problems: (1) What mentoring practices are commonly used to support digital strategy integration in PE and Health education? (2) What professional development practices support the implementation of inclusive strategies in PE and Health education? (3) What challenges do teachers face in adopting digital and inclusive approaches? (4) How effective do teachers perceive instructional supervision in improving teaching performance and student engagement? (5) Is there a significant relationship between monitoring practices and the integration of digital strategies? (6) Is there a significant relationship between monitoring practices and the integration of inclusive strategies? (7) What recommendations may be proposed to strengthen mentoring practices in support of digital and inclusive instruction?
Shurovi Islam
However, since the publication of the UNESCO report on inclusive education in 2005, there has been increased momentum towards inclusive education as an overarching goal of educational policy and frameworks for disability rights. With regard to international treaties and national policies, states are increasingly required to provide equitable access to education for children with developmental differences such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia, as well as other neurodevelopmental disorders. In many contexts, inclusive education policies center around including these children in general classrooms and access to specialized educational services. Such advancements denote significant progress, of course, but inclusion is often understood as being placed in an education institution rather than actual and meaningful participation. This restrictive perspective threatens to neglect the wider sociocultural contexts in which children grow, intermingle and evolve. But the day-to-day experiences of neurodivergent kids go far beyond school. The well-being and participation of children are affected at different levels by social influences such as families, extended kinship networks and community attitudes. These broader social contexts take on special importance in countries like Bangladesh, where family structures and community relationships exert a strong influence on children’s daily lives.
Dr Roseline Igoniderigha, Dr. Ebimobowei Appah (FCA)
This research investigated how sustainability reporting influences the financial performance of quoted oil and gas firms operating in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region. The study specifically focused on community development disclosures and employee welfare disclosures as the main sustainability reporting components, while net profit margin served as the proxy for financial performance. An ex-post facto research design was adopted, using secondary data extracted from the annual reports of four listed oil and gas companies spanning 2015 to 2024. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, the Lagrange multiplier test, and panel regression techniques to evaluate the relationships among the variables. Findings from the analysis indicated that community development reporting exerts a statistically significant negative effect on net profit margin, implying that increased spending on community-related initiatives may temporarily reduce profitability due to higher associated costs. In contrast, employee welfare reporting was found to have a significant positive influence on net profit margin, suggesting that improved staff welfare contributes to higher productivity and better financial outcomes. The study therefore concludes that although community development obligations may reduce short-term profits, investment in employee welfare enhances overall financial performance. It is recommended that oil and gas companies adopt a balanced sustainability approach that aligns social responsibility commitments with cost efficiency in order to achieve long-term profitability and stakeholder satisfaction.
Dr. Anjali Karolia, Dr. Priyanka Kumari
The word ‘craft’ itself symbolizes a construct of sustainability. Though, the extent of sustainability depends on numerous factors like material, production technique, product quality, fair wages and many more. Today we can see a tremendous upsurge in demand of indigenous products. These consumers are more sensitive and mindful not only towards product but also towards product production process and associated narratives. Due to this, greater number of artisans and designers are coming together for cocreation which is opening new avenues for craft appropriation and co-learning. This is changing the traditional pedagogy of knowledge sharing, knowledge creation and helping in foundation of better-knit, self-sufficient inclusive society. In this study, researcher has shared her lived experiences of cocreation with a Mashru weaver - Babu bhai Manodia from Bhujodi village of Kutch district of Gujarat. The entire narration is based on a socio-ecological prototyping of Mashru fabric where a small motif was developed to understand its technical know-how and design possibility. Due to limitation of shafts in existing pit loom, this frugal approach was adopted. With the existing materials from immediate surrounding, product prototype was created. It was an experiential approach of inclusive cocreation that foster indigenous innovation and combine technical, social, and ecological component for interventions that deepen equity, resilience, and sustainability. This experience enabled smooth sharing of tacit and design knowledge between the artisan and designer at same level and space. It helped in appropriating knowledge and skill from simple to complex level.
Veetihotra Vasishtha
This paper analyze the multidimensional effects of microfinance on the empowerment of women in five dimensions, namely, economic, political, social/cultural, personal, and psychological. A quantitative research design was used to conduct a study on 180 women who are actively involved in microfinance programs in Birendranagar, Surkhet, through the use of structured questionnaires. The data were to be collected in the period between September- December 2025 and the instrument was pre-tested using a pilot study involving 20 respondents to ascertain validity and reliability. IBM SPSS 25 was used to perform correlation and multiple regression analyses. The findings show that microfinance plays a significant role in empowering women in all the five dimensions. The strongest predictor was personal empowerment (β = 0.569, p < 0.001), then political ( β = 0.260) and economic empowerment (β = 0.242). The five predictors combined to account 90.6 percent of the overall women empowerment (Adjusted R2= 0.906), which shows the high transformative power of microfinance. The effects of social/cultural and psychological empowerment were relatively smaller, which indicates the continuation of socio-cultural norms and the necessity of additional psychosocial interventions. The correlation analysis also established that there were strong positive inter-relationships between all empowerment dimensions. These results highlight the significance of integrative microfinance approaches that can tackle structural and psychosocial obstacles to comprehensive women empowerment. The research has practical implications to policymakers, program designers and practitioners who want to maximise the transformative effects of microfinance in Nepalese context.
Irish E. Flores, Norberto T. Gonzales Jr.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015, underscore education as both a goal and enabler of sustainable development, yet empirical evidence on how SDG awareness translates into civic engagement among Filipino senior high school students remains limited. This study examined the levels of SDG awareness (social, environmental, and economic goals) and civic engagement (political participation, community service, and advocacy) among 123 Grade 11 and 12 HUMSS students through a stratified sample from four public senior high schools in Olongapo City (Mabayuan SHS, Tapinac SHS, Kalalake NHS, and New Cabalan SHS) during School Year 2025–2026. Utilizing an explanatory descriptive-correlational design and a validated researcher-made questionnaire, data were analyzed through weighted means, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H with Dunn’s post-hoc, and Spearman’s rho. Results revealed Very Aware levels across all SDG domains and High to Very High civic engagement. Significant differences emerged in social goals awareness and political participation by school (Kalalake NHS lower) and in political participation by grade level (Grade 11 higher). Strong positive correlations linked SDG awareness to civic engagement, strongest between social goals and political participation. The study concludes that heightened SDG awareness fosters civic engagement and recommends the institutionalization of the “SDG Spark: Ignite. Engage. Empower” enhancement program addresses identified gaps and strengthens youth contributions to the 2030 Agenda.
Carolyn B. Rabago, Heart Evanne A. Mejor, Hersheylou M. Cabig, Resalyn T. Lagura
This study assessed the sustainable environmental tourism practices and their relationship with tourist satisfaction in geotourism areas in Bohol, Philippines. Specifically, it examined sustainability practices in three dimensions—solid waste management, water conservation, and energy efficiency—and evaluated tourist satisfaction through service quality and physical environment. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 300 tourists visiting four geotourism sites: Can-umantad Falls (Candijay), Cabagnow Cave Pool (Anda), Hinagdanan Cave (Dauis), and Pahangog Twin Falls (Dimiao). Results showed that tourists perceived sustainable practices at a high level (grand mean = 3.60), with solid waste management rated highest and energy efficiency lowest. Tourist satisfaction was also notably high (grand mean = 3.47), driven primarily by staff hospitality and site safety. A significant positive relationship was found between sustainable environmental tourism practices and tourist satisfaction (r = 0.459, p < .001), although the R² of 0.211 indicated that sustainability practices accounted for 21.1% of variance in satisfaction. Age and civil status significantly predicted both sustainability perception and satisfaction, while educational attainment was the only variable showing a significant difference in satisfaction levels. The study recommends stronger visibility of energy-saving measures, improved enforcement of conservation policies, and continued investment in hospitality and comfort infrastructure. The modest R² highlights the multi-dimensional nature of tourist satisfaction and calls for future multi-predictor models. Limitations include the reliance on convenience sampling and self-reported data; future research should employ probability sampling, expanded multi-destination scopes, and mixed-methods designs to strengthen generalizability and causal inference.
Hezzrin Mohd Pauzi
Environmental ethics education has become increasingly important in response to climate change, environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and the growing need for sustainable development. Higher education institutions are now expected not only to deliver environmental knowledge but also to cultivate ethical awareness, responsible behaviour, and sustainable decision-making among students. This narrative review examines the role of active learning methods and digital innovation in environmental ethics education, with particular emphasis on sustainable policy implications for higher education institutions. The review synthesises previous literature on active learning, instructional design, technology-enhanced learning, and environmental ethics education. It highlights the use of innovative digital tools such as applications, gamification, virtual learning environments, and collaborative technologies in improving students’ understanding of environmental values, ethics, and professional practices. The review also explores the integration of conventional learning methods with digital approaches to create a more holistic and sustainable educational framework. The findings suggest that active learning methods, supported by technology, significantly improve student engagement, critical thinking, environmental awareness, and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, sustainable educational policies are necessary to support infrastructure, digital accessibility, curriculum integration, lecturer training, and long-term institutional commitment. This article proposes that environmental ethics education should be embedded within sustainable higher education policy frameworks to ensure the development of environmentally responsible graduates.
Ruth Adesola Elumilade
This study explores the roles of teachers as facilitators for the delivery of Student-Centred Education (SCE) in secondary school classrooms in Western Nigeria. It investigates how teachers understand and implement SCE principles, the teaching strategies used, and the consistency of implementation and lesson plans. Drawing from constructivist principles and adopting Bremner's theoretical framework, a qualitative approach is adopted, which comprises teacher interviews and lesson plan review. The data obtained were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results indicated that teachers were keenly aware of SCE and use a variety of teaching strategies such as student grouping, collaborative work and sensitivity to individual differences in an attempt to promote teacher-facilitated classroom learning, playing roles which are facilitative by encouraging interaction and autonomy among students. However, a stark inconsistency between lesson planning and teaching practices was revealed, with most lesson plans showing an element of a teacher-centred approach regardless of student-centred teaching techniques in the classroom. Barriers in implementing the model in the classroom include the sheer size of classes, availability of resources and adequate teacher training, rigidity of the curriculum and non- alignment of assessment tools. Secondary school teachers showed effort in facilitating teaching; however, there is a need to address systemic and individual constraints in practice and lesson planning. Better alignment in lesson planning, development of appropriate teacher training programs, and better availability of resources should be made and provided to the teachers and education stakeholders in order to facilitate the proper implementation of SCE further.
Benzly Ralph D. Amorio, James L. Paglinawan
This study examined the experiences of public high school Mathematics teachers in integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into Mathematics instruction in the Division of Valencia City. Guided by a qualitative research design and thematic analysis, the study explored teachers’ reasons for using AI, the challenges they encountered, the strategies they employed to address these challenges, and their recommendations for effective AI integration. Data were gathered through written interviews administered via Google Forms to fifteen Mathematics teachers with at least five years of teaching experience. Findings revealed that teachers primarily integrated AI to enhance instructional effectiveness by making Mathematics lessons more engaging, interactive, personalized, and time‑efficient. AI was viewed as a supportive instructional partner that assists in lesson preparation, concept explanation, activity generation, and feedback provision, allowing teachers to focus more on meaningful classroom interactions. Despite these benefits, teachers encountered challenges such as unstable internet connection, limited access to devices, unfamiliarity with AI tools, difficulties in refining AI‑generated content, and concerns about students’ over‑dependence on AI, which could hinder critical thinking and problem‑solving skills. To address these challenges, teachers adopted adaptive strategies including self‑learning and upskilling, gradual and balanced integration of AI with traditional teaching methods, preparation of offline alternatives, careful review and validation of AI outputs, and active facilitation of students’ responsible use of AI. Teachers emphasized guiding learners to use AI as a support or “hint helper” rather than a substitute for thinking. The study concludes that while AI offers significant potential to improve Mathematics instruction, its effective use requires responsible, purposeful, and well‑guided integration supported by continuous professional development and adequate institutional support.
Danilo Daclan Caburnay, Maria Araceli Carrasco-Juliano, Mokaliden Sali Aron
This study explored the teachers’ adaptations to administrative shifts in Al-Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia which focused on changes in organizational practices, management principles, and school policies. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, semi-structured online interviews were conducted among purposively selected Filipino teachers with at least one school year of teaching experience. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis using NVivo software to identify recurring patterns and emerging themes related to administrative shifts, professional growth, roles and responsibilities, teaching, and cultural integration. Findings revealed that Filipino teachers moved from flexible to structured systems with centralized scheduling, collaborative planning, multilingual communication, and technology integration, which developed accountability, efficiency, and expectations to institutional goals. Teachers showed resilience through time management, peer collaboration, mentorship, and continuous professional learning despite challenges such as language barriers and curriculum changes. Complying to local norms indicated cultural sensitivity and fostered smooth integration into the new working environment. Moreover, teachers’ confidence, engagement, and performance were strengthened through supportive leadership, clear policy communication, and motivational practices. The study highlights that structured administrative support along with teachers’ adaptations transform challenges into opportunities for innovation, skill development, and professional advancement. It emphasizes the significance of orientation, mentorship, lifelong learning, and mindset preparation as key strategies for sustainable adaptation. These findings provide a model for enhancement of effective onboarding and support systems that help teacher retention, well- being, and productivity in multicultural educational contexts.
Dr. Barigye Enock, Kyomuhendo Janet
This study examined the effect of in-service training on the implementation of the Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) in government secondary schools in Ibanda Municipality, Ibanda District, Uganda. Using a descriptive research design with a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 81 respondents, including teachers, head teachers, the Municipal Education Officer (MEO), and Inspectors of Schools. Quantitative data were obtained through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that in-service training positively influences teachers’ preparedness, instructional practices, and competence in implementing CBC. However, challenges such as limited training frequency, inadequate follow-up support, and resource constraints affected the overall effectiveness. The study concluded that in-service training is critical to enhancing CBC implementation and recommended targeted capacity-building programs, regular mentoring, and provision of adequate teaching resources. Areas for future research include examining the role of peer coaching, continuous professional development, and ICT integration in improving CBC implementation outcomes.
Erly M. Martir, Ma. Riza G. Sambajon, Ruby Durban Catalan
This descriptive correlational study examined teachers’ utilization and effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-Based instruction in Values Education and their influence on learners’ performance in the Schools Division of Iloilo, Philippines, for the school year 2025-2026. The descriptive research design was used with 284 randomly selected teachers in Values Education from the population of 984. They were classified according to their educational attainment, position, length of service, grade level taught, and congressional district. The independent variables were the utilization and effectiveness of ICT-based instruction in Values Education, while the dependent variable was learners' performance, measured by their average grade in the first and second quarters of the school year. The data-gathering instrument was developed and modified based on the literature and theories and underwent validation and reliability testing. The statistical tools used were frequency, mean, t-test, Analysis of Variance, and multiple regression, with the level of significance set at 0.05. The results revealed that teachers utilized ICT-based instruction to a great extent. They assessed its level of effectiveness as very high. Significant differences were observed in utilization when teachers were classified by position, length of service, grade level taught, and congressional district. Their assessment of its effectiveness also varies when classified by position and congressional district. Finally, the extent of utilization and level of effectiveness of ICT-based instruction in Values Education significantly influence learners' performance
Nguyen Thi Hue
This study examines the engagement of ethnic Khmer learners with Technology-Assisted Language Learning (TALL) in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta, a region characterized by a complex multilingual environment and persistent socio-economic challenges. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews conducted among students, teachers, and caregivers. The findings reveal a significant digital participation gap: despite high levels of learner motivation and widespread access to smartphones, the systematic adoption of TALL is constrained by infrastructural limitations, including unstable electricity supply and limited internet connectivity. Data analysis further indicates that while students engage enthusiastically with multimodal and gamified learning content, their oral language production remains restricted due to insufficiently scaffolded digital support. Although educators and caregivers strongly value English as a pathway to socio-economic mobility, they face substantial barriers, such as the lack of localized Khmer-language instructional resources, rigid curricular structures, and gaps in digital literacy. The study concludes that effective institutionalization of TALL in rural, minority-majority contexts requires approaches that move beyond technological provision alone, emphasizing inclusive bilingual design and integrated home -school support systems. These findings offer important implications for policymakers and educational technology developers seeking to promote equitable and sustainable digital learning ecosystems in Southeast Asia’s multilingual regions.
Hanifah Jambari, Jamilah Ahmad, Mohamad Rasidi Pairan, Nur Hazirah Noh@Seth, Nurul Aini Mohd Ahyan, Nurul Amira Mohd Shah
Technical skills involve the knowledge and mastery of a particular field especially in areas that deal with methods, process, procedures and techniques. This research was carried out to determine the degree of; knowledge, skills, and constraints of the teachers in the subject of Technical Skills in Design and Technology, Electrical and Electronics. A quantitative survey was the research methodology that was adopted in this study. The sample size of this study was 160 teachers of secondary schools in the southern region of Malaysia. The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions in a 5-point Likert scale. The suitability of the questionnaire developed was identified by carrying out a pilot study. The findings of the pilot study revealed that the reliability that was derived out of the Alpha value of Cronbach was 0.94. The Statistical Package of the Social Sciences was used to analyse the data and provide the frequency, percentage, standard deviation and mean scores value. The results revealed that the level of mean is high in all the variables with the level of knowledge of the teachers having a mean of 3.86 and a standard deviation of 0.95, the level of technical skills of the teachers having a mean of 3.87 and a standard deviation of 0.98 and the constraint the Design and Technology (RBT) teachers face having a mean of 4.82 and a standard deviation of 0.40. The overall findings are that Technical Skills with the Design and Technology subject in the Electrical and Electronics subtopic is at high level with a mean score of 4.82 and standard deviation of 0.40. This implies that teachers have good background knowledge in Electrical and Electronics subtopic, but they might be having challenges in implementing the knowledge to practical context because of some limitations.
James L. Paglinawan, Shaira Pearl Rulida
This study determined the effect of technical support availability and academic confidence on the technological overdependence of teachers in central schools in the Division of Bukidnon for the school year 2025–2026. Specifically, it examined the levels of technical support availability, academic confidence, and technological overdependence, as well as the relationships among these variables and the best predictor of technological overdependence. The study employed a descriptive-correlational research design involving 304 teacher-respondents. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire adapted from established instruments, including the study of Joo et al. (2016) on technostress, the Ohio State Teacher Efficacy Scale by Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001), and the technostress model of Tarafdar et al. (2007). Technological overdependence in this study is operationally defined as excessive reliance on digital tools characterized by instructional disruption, pedagogical substitution, anxiety and stress, and diminished adaptability. Data were analyzed using mean, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that both technical support availability and academic confidence were high, while technological overdependence was moderate. Correlation analysis showed that technical support availability has no significant relationship with technological overdependence. In contrast, academic confidence has a significant negative relationship, indicating that higher academic confidence is associated with lower technological overdependence. Regression analysis further revealed that instructional competence is the best predictor of technological overdependence. The study concludes that while technology is essential in instruction, teachers’ academic confidence—particularly instructional competence—reduces their tendency toward technological overdependence. However, due to the correlational nature of the design, causal relationships cannot be established. Future studies incorporating variables such as digital literacy and institutional support are recommended to provide a more comprehensive understanding of technological dependence.
Ayokunmi Olayinka Johnson
In many Nigerian households, television has become a dominant medium of communication and entertainment, significantly shaping children’s daily experiences. However, increasing exposure to television content has raised concerns about its influence on children’s behaviour and academic performance. This study investigates the extent to which television exposure affects children in Akure metropolis, Ondo State. A quantitative survey design was adopted, using structured questionnaires administered to 110 children, out of which 55 valid responses were analysed. The findings reveal that children are highly exposed to television, with many engaging in daily viewing for extended hours. Results show that television significantly influences children’s behaviour, particularly in areas such as imitation of characters, aggressive tendencies, and reduced participation in social and outdoor activities. The study also found that children predominantly consume entertainment-based content, especially cartoons, while educational programmes receive comparatively lower attention. Furthermore, excessive television viewing negatively affects academic performance by reducing time allocated to reading, homework, and other educational activities. The study concludes that television’s impact depends on viewing patterns, content type, and parental guidance, highlighting the need for effective monitoring and educational content promotion.
Dr. Mirza Juned Beg
This research article explores the disability rights in India, and their right to inclusion, shedding light on the arduous pursuit of full inclusion. It examines the dynamic path toward enabling persons with disabilities to assert their legitimate position in society through a tapestry of legislative frameworks, cultural paradigms, and revolutionary initiatives. The study highlights achievements while critically analyzing remaining gaps, revealing the complex relationship between constitutional promises and actual conditions on the ground. This academic journey, which embodies optimism and resiliency, emphasizes the necessity of creating an inclusive future where everyone may flourish and overcome obstacles with unflinching resolve. This insightful study examines through empirical research how the revolutionary effects of India’s Accessible India Campaign, a pioneering step toward integrating inclusion into society at large. It highlights how this admirable program supports the rights of people with disabilities, elevating their pursuit of dignity, independence, and equal participation via a careful analysis of policies and lived experiences. The study eloquently illustrates the fabric of advancement, stressing both recent successes and lingering obstacles in achieving the right to inclusion. As a ray of hope and transformation, the campaign ushers in a new era where each person’s special talents are valued, creating an India that is genuinely open and equal to everyone.
Mohamat Najib bin Mat Noor
This paper critically examines the aesthetics of Islamic patterns as an epistemic and communicative system within design practice. Moving beyond ornamental interpretations, Islamic visual forms - geometric tessellations, arabesque structures, and calligraphic inscriptions - are conceptualized as semiotic constructs that encode and transmit theological, cosmological, and cultural knowledge. Grounded in a semiotic and cultural studies framework, the study interrogates how these non-representational systems articulate key Islamic metaphysical principles, including tawhid (unity), la nihayah (infinity), and nizam (order), through formal operations such as symmetry, repetition, and interlacing. In response to the need for stronger methodological rigor, the paper also introduces a structured qualitative case-study procedure and an empirical validation framework that may be applied through user perception studies, semi-structured interviews with designers, and experimental visual analysis. This framework clarifies how cases are selected, coded, compared, and interpreted, thereby improving reproducibility and reducing purely subjective readings of visual form. The research proposes an integrative conceptual model linking aesthetic principles, design communication, and cultural expression, positioning Islamic patterns as both visual language and cultural discourse. Through critical analysis of canonical case studies - such as the Alhambra, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, and the Shah Mosque - the paper demonstrates how visual form operates as a vehicle for metaphysical signification and spatial experience. It further evaluates the transposition of these traditional design logics into contemporary contexts, including digital interfaces, branding systems, globalized design practices, AI-generated design, and parametric modeling. The findings suggest that Islamic patterns sustain their semiotic and aesthetic agency through processes of reinterpretation and mediation across temporal and cultural boundaries. Nevertheless, their contemporary appropriation foregrounds tensions surrounding authenticity, commodification, cultural legitimacy, and cross-cultural reception. The paper argues for a critically informed design approach that preserves symbolic integrity while enabling innovation, thereby situating Islamic patterns as a vital locus of intercultural dialogue in contemporary visual communication.
Azhari Md Hashim, Dinah Rakhim, Fadila Mohd Yusof, Wan Noor Faaizah Wan Omar
Biomimicry is increasingly recognized as a sustainability-driven approach in industrial design; however, its translation into viable industrial applications remains inconsistent. Many biomimicry concepts fail during development due to limitations in interpreting biological principles and aligning them with technical and production constraints. Despite this, existing research predominantly focuses on successful applications, with limited attention to systematic failure evaluation. This study proposes the ATraMS conceptual framework as a structured methodological tool for assessing failure risks in biomimicry design. Developed through literature review and thematic analysis, the framework integrates four critical dimensions: appreciation, transformation, manufacturability, and scalability. A qualitative evaluation model is applied to seven conceptual design case studies to examine feasibility across these dimensions. The findings identify transformation as the most influential factor affecting design failure, with weak translation of biological principles significantly reducing feasibility regardless of manufacturability or scalability. In contrast, designs demonstrating balanced performance across all dimensions exhibit lower failure risk. While the study is limited by its conceptual and qualitative nature, the ATraMS framework contributes a systematic approach for early-stage evaluation, supporting more rigorous decision-making and improving the reliability of biomimicry industrial design outcomes.
Muhammad Yusuf Bin Masod
Artificial intelligence (AI) adoption has become a central topic in organisational research, particularly as firms increasingly invest in AI-enabled systems to improve decision-making, automate processes, enhance productivity, and support new forms of value creation. However, the construct of “AI adoption” remains inconsistently defined and operationalised across the literature. This lack of construct clarity creates difficulty in comparing findings, developing cumulative theory, and identifying the specific organisational effects of learning-based AI capability. This study aims to clarify how AI adoption is used in organisational research and to distinguish learning-based AI capability from related distinct technological layers. Using a targeted qualitative literature review, the study examines scholarly articles published between 2019 and 2026 that address organisational, managerial, or firm-level AI adoption, readiness, implementation, or utilisation. Each paper was analysed according to the technological artefact examined, the extent to which AI was explicitly defined, and whether the study distinguished AI capability from broader digital technologies. The findings show that 45% of the reviewed corpus examined bounded AI applications such as machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, or predictive algorithms. The remaining studies focused on AI-adjacent digital infrastructure, automation without learning, or standard enterprise digitalisation. In response, the study develops a layered taxonomy of organisational AI adoption and proposes boundary criteria for identifying AI capability. The study concludes that clearer operationalisation of AI adoption is necessary to improve measurement precision, reduce conceptual ambiguity, and support more consistent future research on AI adoption in organisational settings.
Fahyuni Baharuddin, Ishomuddin, Saiman, Vina Salviana D.S.
This study examines the construction of cultural identity among Reyog Ponorogo practitioners in Malang Regency, Indonesia. Drawing on symbolic interactionism and Alfred Schutz’s social phenomenology, the study analyzes how cultural identity is produced, interpreted, and reproduced through symbolic practices, lived experiences, and collective meaning-making within the Reyog community. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation involving members of the Reyog Ponorogo Youth Arts Practitioners Community (PPSRP). The findings reveal that cultural identity is not a naturally inherited attribute but a dynamic social process shaped by symbolic interpretation, intersubjective experience, and the internalization of shared values. In this context, Reyog functions as a cultural system that sustains collective identity, social cohesion, and cultural continuity in a migrant social setting. This study contributes to sociology and cultural studies by demonstrating that traditional performing arts serve as significant mechanisms in the construction of cultural identity in contemporary society.
Dr. Hitesh N. Dave
This research paper investigates a profound and largely unexplored question: whether the pervasive phenomenon of marital conflict particularly over trivial matters finds its metaphysical roots in Hindu Puranic literature, divine curses, cosmic design, and the ordained dysfunction of the Kaliyuga era. Drawing upon primary textual sources including the Shiva Purana, Bhagavata Purana, Devi Bhagavata, Mahabharata, Ramayana, and Manusmriti, this paper examines how ancient Indian texts not only documented divine marital strife but may have prophesied its inheritance by human couples. The paper further applies a comparative sociological lens to argue that the transition from pre-marital companionship to post-marital cohabitation creates a structural rupture one that ancient seers perhaps intuited through mythological narrative. The convergence of Puranic prophecy, psychological theory, and lived social reality suggests that marital discord is neither accidental nor merely modern; it may be cosmically embedded in the fabric of human existence as ordained by divine design.
Jacklyn Joseph, Mohd Rozilee Wazir Norjali Wazir, Muhammad Safiy bin Md Said
This study examined positional differences in the physical fitness profiles of national rugby sevens athletes in Malaysia, focusing on forwards and backline players within a high-performance sport context. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed involving 20 male national rugby sevens athletes selected from the Malaysian preparation programme for the 2026 Asian Games in Nagoya, Japan. Participants were categorized into two groups based on playing position, comprising 9 forwards and 11 backline players. Physical fitness was assessed using standardized performance tests, including the 505 agility test, 40-meter sprint test, countermovement jump test, and one-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat test, alongside anthropometric measurements such as height, body mass, and body mass index (BMI). Independent samples t-tests were conducted to determine differences between positional groups. The results revealed a statistically significant difference in body mass, with forwards demonstrating greater body mass compared to backline players (p < .05). However, no significant differences were observed in height, BMI, muscular strength, sprint speed, lower-body power, or agility (p > .05). These findings provide novel insights into the evolving physical demands of modern rugby sevens, highlighting that elite players across positions exhibit relatively homogeneous performance characteristics. This study contributes to the limited body of evidence within the Malaysian high-performance sport context and offers practical implications for evidence-based training design and athlete monitoring strategies in elite performance settings globally. Accordingly, strength and conditioning programmes should emphasize the development of versatile physical capacities while maintaining position-specific body composition requirements to optimize competitive performance and long-term athlete development outcomes.
Abdulrahman Aliyu, Jaafar Joshuwa Zongola, Salamatu Umar
This study examines the effects of climate change and armed banditry on household food security, while accounting for the role of livelihood characteristics and coping responses. Using primary data from a 2025 field survey, a Food Security Index was constructed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was applied to assess causal relationships, and descriptive analysis was used to document household coping strategies. The PCA results indicate that the first principal component explains 56.8% of the total variation in food security indicators, with a cumulative explained variance of 71.1%, suggesting that meal frequency, dietary diversity, perceived food sufficiency, food expenditure share, and months of food shortage are robust measures of household food security. SEM results reveal that climate change and banditry have significant and negative effects on food security, while climate change also significantly increases the incidence of banditry. In contrast, farm size and off-farm income positively and significantly enhance household food security. The interaction effect between climate change and banditry further exacerbates food insecurity, highlighting their reinforcing impact. The model demonstrates an acceptable fit, confirming the reliability of the estimated relationships. Descriptive findings show that households respond to food insecurity through multiple coping strategies, including crop diversification, reduced meal frequency, engagement in off-farm employment, sale of livestock assets, participation in community savings groups, and temporary migration. Overall, the findings underscore the compounded threat posed by climate change and insecurity to food security, while emphasizing the importance of livelihood diversification and income-enhancing strategies in building household resilience. The study provides evidence-based insights to inform integrated policies targeting climate adaptation, rural security, and sustainable livelihood support.
Abdul Adamu, Abiodun M. Jimoh, Ahmed A. Ibrahim, Duru John Chikwendu, Olusegun Abel Oyinwola, Paulina Suleman, Rilwan A. Ajibade, Victor A. C. Biodun, Yahuza M. Muhammed
The study examined the effect of customer relationship management on customer satisfaction. It also explored the ways in which customer satisfaction can be achieved with the use of customer relationship management. The study adopted the use of primary data, questionnaires were also issued. The study also found that customer relationship management contributes greatly to the organization’s profitability and effective customer relationship management is reliable to increase customer satisfaction. The study recommends the effective customer relationship management is a reliable tool to increasing customer satisfaction. Therefore, organization should ensure customer satisfaction at all time. It also recommends that organizations should identify the most profitable customers by ranking them according to their value and then differentiating them based on what they need from the organization.
Yitayaw Mekonnen Kumlachew
This study examines how multidimensional financial inclusion influences small and micro enterprise (SME) performance in Injibara Town, Ethiopia. Using a stratified random sample of 170 SME owners and managers, this study assessed the effects of financial access, quality, use, service delivery, and perceived barriers on firm performance. Multiple regression revealed that service delivery was the strongest predictor (β = 0.647, p < .001), followed by access (β = 0.422, p < .001), quality (β = 0.219, p = .006), and use (β = 0.187, p < .001), while barriers showed no significant effect (β = 0.032, p = .556). The model explained 74.3% of the variance in SME performance (Adjusted R² = 0.743, F(10, 159) = 98.76, p < .001). These findings challenge access-centric inclusion paradigms, demonstrating that delivery efficiency and customer-centricity drive SME growth more than mere service availability. Policymakers and financial institutions should prioritize service delivery optimization, flexible product design, and capability-building interventions to convert formal access into tangible business outcomes in small-town contexts.
Althea L. Polestico, John Mark B. Lazaro, John Mark D. Tagalog, Marife S. Briones
Cybersecurity behavior refers to how a person acts to protect devices, accounts, and personal information when using the internet and technology. This study aims to determine the significant relationship between social media engagement and cybersecurity behavior among students of a Higher Education Institution (HEI). Data were gathered from 359 students of HIE’s in Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. This study employed stratified random sampling and used quantitative, non-experimental research with a descriptive correlational design. The measurements used in this study were adapted from instruments that had been rigorously checked for accuracy and reference. The statistical tools used in this study were the mean and Pearson r. Findings showed that students exhibited high levels of social media engagement and cybersecurity behaviors, suggesting that these behaviors were often observed. The significance level of social media engagement among students of HEIs suggests that it has become a vital component of everyday academic and social lives. The strong connection between social media engagement and cybersecurity behavior suggests that higher social media engagement correlates with enhanced awareness and implementation of cybersecurity protocols.
Dr Bwalya Chilolo, Liyungu Imalimbila
This study investigated the effectiveness of flagging systems in detecting fraud among registered microfinance institutions in Lusaka. Microfinance institutions play a critical role in promoting financial inclusion; however, persistent fraud and high non-performing loans suggest weaknesses in existing detection mechanisms. The study aimed to determine the standard flagging systems used, assess their effectiveness, and examine the challenges affecting their performance. A pragmatic research philosophy was adopted, utilising a mixed research approach. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, with primary data collected from 108 employees across two microfinance institutions using structured questionnaires and semi structured interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS through descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analysed thematically to provide contextual insights. The findings revealed that institutions relied on a hybrid system combining integrated core banking modules, manual processes, and limited advanced technologies. Flagging systems contributed to fraud detection, although effectiveness was generally moderate, with inconsistencies in detection speed, accuracy, and fraud reduction outcomes. The regression analysis further showed that the model was statistically significant (F = 5.232, p = 0.000) and explained 23.70 percent of the variation in fraud detection effectiveness. Reliance on automated digital flagging systems had a significant positive effect on effectiveness (B = 0.126, p = 0.004), while technical system limitations had a significant negative effect (B = -0.131, p = 0.004). Formal training also had a significant positive influence (B = 0.085, p = 0.048), while other variables such as system interaction frequency, perceived training insufficiency, and policy constraints showed weaker or insignificant effects. Key challenges identified included system limitations, poor data quality, insufficient staff training, false alerts, and institutional constraints. The results indicated that while flagging systems improved fraud detection, their effectiveness was strongly shaped by technology quality, automation, and staff capacity. The study concluded that although flagging systems enhance fraud detection, their effectiveness is constrained by technological and operational factors. The study recommends system integration, adoption of advanced technologies, regular system updates, improved data management, and continuous staff training to strengthen fraud detection and institutional resilience.
Arinaitwe Julius Byarugaba, Jasper Atukwase, Jesse David Kabagambe, John Bosco Turyasingura, Moses Agaba
The study sought to investigate the effects of alcohol consumption in Kabale, Rubanda, and Rukiga Districts. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a comprehensive understanding of the causes and consequences of alcohol consumption within the study area. Quantitative data were collected from 618 respondents and analyzed statistically, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed to complement and contextualize the quantitative findings. Descriptive statistics, including frequency tables, were used to summarize and present the attributes of individual variables. The findings revealed that alcohol consumption in Kabale, Rubanda, and Rukiga Districts has numerous adverse effects, and the majority of respondents supported strategies to mitigate these effects, including teaching youth to resist peer pressure (97.1%), enforcing fines and detention for lawbreakers (94.9%), altering social norms (93.9%), limiting alcohol availability (90.8%), increasing taxes on alcoholic beverages (82.4%), creating job opportunities, and banning alcohol advertising (95.1%), highlighting the potential effectiveness of these interventions in reducing alcohol consumption. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government and local authorities in Kabale, Rubanda, and Rukiga Districts strengthen and enforce policies that regulate alcohol availability, increase taxes on alcoholic beverages, and impose fines or detention for lawbreakers, as these measures are widely supported by the community and are likely to significantly reduce alcohol consumption in the study area.
Hendrix Nzala Shamainda
This paper aims to investigate the effect of early access to pension on the financial performance of the public pension fund in Zambian: The case of the National Pensions Scheme Authority (NAPSA). The key financial indicators (KPIs) examined in this study are: revenue from investments, contributions, net assets, and active members. The study covered the years, 2021 and 2022, years before the change in pension policy, and the two years, 2023 and 2024 which are post the coming into force of early access to pension. A desk research methodology was employed and secondary data were collected from the NAPSA’s official website, and its audited financial statements for; 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024. To obtain the econometric results, a Linear Regression Analysis (LRA) was used on the collected secondary data. A comparison of the econometric results for the three periods; 2021-2022, 2022-2023, and 2023-2024, informs this paper to conclude that, relative to the four KPIs, early access to pension has a positive influence on the performance of the NAPSA, although not statistically significant. It was observed from the econometric results that for the periods, 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, with the exception of members’ contribution, that for every Kwacha of pension withdrawal, there was an increase in revenue from investments, value of the net assets, and population of members. However, in the period of 2023-2024, the LRA results indicate that for every Kwacha of early pension withdrawal, all the KPIs had a negative growth. The weaknesses and limitations of the study arose from lack of the financial data for 2025, and the very small data set covering two years (2023-2024) post coming into effect of early access to pension. The study offers recommendations to the Zambian government on the need to, in the long term, reform the pensions law.
Amahnui George Amenchui, Ekuri Brian Akom, Forbin Maxwell Aleanu, Nkeng Joel Junior, Ntegang Venant Atem, Veronica Ebot Manga
The application of various fertilizers have been adopted by farmers all over the world to secure food supply that can cope with rapid population growth and urbanization, this has led to concerns on their effect on the natural environment. This study aimed to determine the effects of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) and urea on soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under maize (zea mays) production over a four-month period (April-July 2022). The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates, and three treatments; organic fertilizer (OF), no fertilizer (NF), synthetic fertilizer (SF) with an amendment rate of 100 kg per hectare. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-15cm. The effects of soil amendments on MBC were determined using the chloroform fumigation extraction method. ANOVA was used to determine the difference in MBC. Results showed that MBC varied significantly before and after amendments (p<0.05). All treatments show increased MBC after amendment. However, the largest relative increase occurred in OF plots, an indication that amendment stimulated microbial biomass where baseline MBC was low, showing a highest relative increase of 218.13% compared to 86.49% and 18.59% in NF and SF plots respectively. These findings underscore the potential of organic amendments to provide labile carbon and nutrients that stimulate microbial growth, promoting soil health and sustainability in agricultural practices. More research is needed to understand the dynamics of MBC at different depths with amendments and the effects of seasons on MBC in the volcanic soils of Buea.
Jessicca G. Yubal, Loverly Ann Mejares, Lucy Marie Raven N. Mahilum, Rean S. Bayron, Roxan C. Alolor
This research assessed the relationship between smartphone distraction experience and the digital learning competence of the BTLED Evening Program students studying in Cebu Technological University Main Campus during the school year 2024-2025. It aimed to develop an intervention plan that will help students develop a more mindful and balance approached to smartphone use. It utilized the descriptive-correlation method. There are 138 students from College of Teacher Education who answered the survey questionnaires adapted from Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS) by Throuvala et al. (2021), Digital Learning Competence Scale by Yang et al. (2020). The study found that most participants were female, primarily within the 19 to 21 age range. More than half lived with both parents and reported having 3 and 5 siblings. Additionally, a notable portion of the respondents identified themselves as the youngest among their siblings. Academically, the study found that smartphone distraction, characterized by attention impulsiveness, online vigilance, emotion regulation, and multitasking, is significantly correlated with various aspects of digital learning competence. Respondents demonstrated varying levels of digital competence, with attention impulsiveness showing a weak but significant negative correlation with skills such as technology use, cognitive processing, digital reading, time management, and will management except peer management. Conversely, online vigilance and emotion regulation were positively associated with most digital learning competencies, particularly cognitive processing, digital reading, and self-regulation domains, though not with technology use. Notably, multitasking was significantly linked to all areas of digital learning competence, especially will management, suggesting a more nuanced role in supporting academic self-regulation than traditionally assumed. These findings underscore the complex relationship between smartphone-related behaviors and digital learning skills, emphasizing the need to develop targeted interventions that help students manage distractions and strengthen their competencies in digital learning environments. Based on the findings and conclusions, a digital learning competence-related career guidance intervention plan is proposed for implementation.
Roslinda Rosli, Siti Sarah Faqihah Bahari
This meta-analysis examines how STEM programs influence students' 21st-century skills, including critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, character, and citizenship (the 6Cs). We gathered 38 empirical studies, used Hedges' g as the effect size measure, and employed the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29. The overall mean effect size was large and statistically significant, showing that STEM interventions greatly surpass non-STEM approaches in developing these skills. High heterogeneity was detected, leading to moderator analyses. Educational level significantly influenced the effects: university programs produced the largest effect, followed by primary and secondary education. Program design did not significantly moderate outcomes, with both non-project-based and project-based learning proving effective. These findings confirm STEM's vital role in developing 21st-century skills and reflect current educational needs. The level of education affects effectiveness, likely due to differences in skill basis and intervention intensity. Limitations include incomplete data in some studies, which led to the exclusion of certain articles. Future research should examine additional moderators, such as duration and publication type. Policymakers and educators are encouraged to systematically incorporate STEM, backed by teacher training, to ready students for a rapidly changing world.
Dr Katsiaryna Hurbik, Mudassar Javed Baryar
This article analyzes Siddiqi’s The Centre (2023) as a sharp literary anatomy of neoliberal self-optimization. Existing discussions of the novel have understandably emphasized language politics, cultural appropriation, and the ethics of translation; however, the novel also offers a sustained critique of achievement culture, accelerated learning, and the entrepreneurial imperative to convert every aptitude into capital. Bringing together Michel Foucault’s account of human capital, Nikolas Rose’s work on advanced liberal subject formation, Ulrich Bröckling’s theorization of the entrepreneurial self, and Byung-Chul Han’s analyses of burnout and psychopolitics, we argue that Siddiqi’s speculative institution does not merely teach languages: it manufactures competitive subjects by compressing time, disciplining affect, and transforming intimacy into extractive infrastructure. Through close reading of Anisa Ellahi’s desire to become a “real” translator, the article shows how the novel links literary aspiration to market legibility, bodily absorption, and the violent incorporation of others’ lives. The Centre ultimately reveals that under neoliberal reason, self-making appears voluntary and empowering even when it is organized through exhaustion, hierarchy, and cannibal extraction.
Asamu Rasheed Adebimpe (Ph.D), Rauf Adeola Lateef (Ph.D), Salami Idris Olawale
This research offers a thorough historical examination of the progression of Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) in Nigeria from 1964 to the current day. The main aim is to outline their institutional evolution, analysing the changing policy directives, operational frameworks, and socio-economic environments that have influenced their function in the country's development financing arena. The study utilizes a qualitative historical approach, depending on documentary analysis of policy documents, annual reports, archival materials, and existing literature to create a longitudinal account of significant DFIs, including the Nigerian Industrial Development Bank (NIDB) and its successors. The results indicate clear evolutionary stages: an initial phase of state-led industrialization (1960s-1980s), a period of decline and marginalization during structural adjustment (1980s-1990s), and a modern phase of restructuring and niche realignment post-2000. The analysis highlights ongoing challenges, such as political interference, non-performing loans, and mission drift, which have consistently undermined effectiveness and sustainability. In summary, although DFIs have played a crucial role in capital formation, their influence has been cyclical and frequently below potential, limited more by governance and policy volatility than by financial structure. The study suggests a future direction focused on improved operational independence, strong corporate governance shielded from political influences, strategic collaborations with private capital, and a distinct emphasis on catalytic sectors where market failures continue to exist, to ensure that DFIs effectively support Nigeria's current developmental goals.
Dr. Armstrong Bansah Nsanyui
The inception of strategic management accounting dates back to 1981 when Kenneth Simmonds introduced this concept, emphasizing its potential to empower managers in devising more effective strategies for navigating the ever-changing and highly competitive business landscape. Over the ensuing decades, this concept has undergone a multifaceted evolution, with various dimensions explored by different authors. This work delves into the diverse dimensions that authors have explored over three decades and assesses their contributions to, or potential impact on, the development of this concept. The study divides these authors' works into three distinct sections, spanning from 1981 to 2000, then from 2001 to 2010, and finally, from 2011 to 2017 and post 2017.
Dr. Edward Tshuma, Dr. Wiklef Makamache, James Sengu, Nomathemba Ndlovu, Precious Million, Sean Marcus Muya, Sharai Madungwe, Trust Tapiwa Zamba, Wellington Dhliwayo
Social media has fundamentally changed social interaction, especially among young people, with resultant effects on the larger population. This paper examines both the positive and negative changes that social media has introduced, drawing on recent studies and empirical data. Emphasis is placed on how such platforms have enabled people to connect, build communities, and engage in civic participation. However, serious challenges have emerged alongside these advancements, including mental health concerns, cyberbullying, misinformation, and data privacy risks. The paper further assesses empirical societal shifts attributable to social media, primarily in communication patterns, novel business systems, and psycho-social development. In analysing research findings, this article provides a balanced view of the multiple facets of social media. While intended for policymakers, educators, parents, and platform developers, it advocates for rational decision-making to harness social media's benefits while curbing its harms. The results indicate that digital discipline and responsible platform design may assist in creating supportive environments for navigating the evolving digital world.
Madiha Safi, Wolanga Jalalzai
This study argues that transparency as a fundamental democratic principle does not remain as vital when new technologies are utilized in political campaigns. Furthermore, digital literacy and adaptable legal institutions are necessary to regulate AI abuse, reduce the gap between rapid technological advancements and slow policy responses. The future of democracy is not only determined by the level of technological advancement, but also by the desire of society to demand accountability over the actions of political actors to the ethical and legal regulations. The development of social media and advanced technologies, fueled by AI, is rapidly transforming the political landscape of communication, and at a rate even faster than laws and policies can keep up with in response. While these technologies enable campaigns to reach larger audiences, customize messages, and engage citizens more productively, they lend themselves to manipulation for purposes of spreading misinformation and disinformation. Artificial Intelligence will be able to produce fake stories, develop artificial consensus, and shape the minds of voters on a large scale. When false information spreads, it makes people lose trust in significant institutions and puts fair elections in danger; by that people miss out on the accurate information that they need to make smart choices about political campaigns.
Nie Dongdong, Nurfaradilla Binti Mohamad Nasri
This study examines the role of the Gaokao system in shaping Chinese students’ decisions to study abroad and its implications for educational inequality over the period 2005–2025. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates longitudinal secondary data with semi-structured interviews to provide both macro-level trend analysis and micro-level insights. Grounded in Push–Pull Theory, the Gaokao is conceptualized as a dynamic institutional push factor interacting with broader socioeconomic and global contexts. The findings indicate that the influence of the Gaokao evolves across three distinct phases: a reactive “fallback” mechanism in the early stage (2005–2009), a more proactive “parallel pathway” during the expansion phase (2010–2017), and a moderated, diversified influence within increasingly strategic decision-making in the recent period (2018–2025). Qualitative evidence further suggests a shift from exam avoidance toward long-term educational planning among students and families. Regarding inequality, the study finds that while the Gaokao maintains a meritocratic logic within the domestic system, its interaction with unequal access to international education contributes to a stratified dual-track structure. Although recent reforms and diversification trends have partially mitigated disparities, structural inequalities remain evident. By integrating longitudinal and qualitative perspectives, this study extends Push–Pull Theory and offers a more dynamic understanding of high-stakes examinations in global student mobility.
April Joy D. Deza, Dama Cynheal S. Solis
This study explored the hiring experiences of newly hired reapplicant teachers in the District of Dumangas I. It provides valuable insights to refine policy and practice. Additionally, understanding the challenges faced by reapplicants not only enriches the existing body of knowledge but also helps school districts refine their hiring processes. Ultimately, this study aspires to contribute to the development of more effective hiring practices. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the researcher conducted phenomenological interviews with eight select reapplicant teachers who had recently undergone the hiring process. Data were thematically analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. Findings revealed that reapplicants face significant obstacles, including systemic barriers, intense competition, and emotionally taxing experiences. Common themes that emerged are “attrition of aspiration,” “shadow of doubt,” and “resilience rooted in faith,” reflecting the emotional struggles and determination of applicants. Participants also reported discrepancies between their expectations and actual experiences, particularly regarding fairness, evaluation, and the lengthy application timeline. Nevertheless, the presence of support systems, such as family encouragement, peer motivation, administrative guidance, and spiritual strength, proved essential in helping them persevere. The study confirms a need for transparency, realistic interviews, and alignment between hiring policies and implementation. Also, strengthening emotional and institutional support structures is recommended to ensure a fairer, more humane, and encouraging hiring process for future applicants.
Dr. Shuaib Owolabi Olajire, Prof. Moruf Oladehinde Oladejo
This study examines the impact of fiscal federalism on economic growth in Nigeria over a 40-year period from 1985 to 2024. Using annual time-series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, economic growth is proxied by real GDP per capita, while fiscal federalism is measured via three indicators: revenue decentralization (RDC), expenditure decentralization (EXDC), and their simultaneous decentralization (REXDC). The study employs the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test, Johansen cointegration technique, an Error Correction Model (ECM), and Granger causality tests. The results confirm a stable long-run equilibrium relationship between fiscal federalism and economic growth. Revenue decentralization exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on growth, whereas expenditure decentralization negatively affects it. Simultaneous decentralization shows a complex, context-dependent effect. Granger causality tests reveal a bidirectional causal relationship between simultaneous decentralization and economic growth, suggesting feedback effects. The findings accentuate that decentralization's efficacy is contingent on institutional quality, highlighting the importance of revenue autonomy, strengthened subnational institutional capacity, and improved intergovernmental fiscal coordination for promoting sustainable economic growth in Nigeria.
Ruth Morenike ODEWUMI
This study examined the availability of learning corners and their impact on the social-emotional development of primary school children in Ikere Local Government Area Ekiti State. A descriptive survey research design was employed, with a sample size of 100 teachers who were selected through simple random sampling. to assess the presence, organization, and utilization of learning corners, as well as their influence on pupils’ social-emotional development. Findings revealed that learning corners were generally available, well-organized, accessible, and actively used in school. Teachers reported that learning corners significantly enhanced children’s social skills, emotional expression, empathy, patience, and self-regulation. Furthermore, learning corners positively influenced academic performance by improving motivation, problem-solving abilities, focus, creativity, and collaborative learning. Finally the study demonstrates that learning corners serve as effective instructional spaces that support holistic child development. The findings highlight the importance of structured, resource-rich learning environments in promoting both educational achievement and social-emotional competence among primary school pupils. The study suggested that addressing these challenges through better resources, smaller class sizes, and enhanced teacher training would improve the implementation and outcomes of learning corners in primary schools
Dr. Mohammed Chemlal, Sultan Hassan Mohammed Ahmed Alhalemi
This study aims to examine the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on gross domestic product (GDP) in Yemen during the period 2000–2022. The independent variables include broad money supply (M2), total public expenditure, total public revenue, and the trade balance, while GDP represents the dependent variable. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing time-series descriptive statistics and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to test the hypotheses using EViews13. The findings reveal a significant long-run relationship between monetary and fiscal policies and GDP. Approximately 74% of the variation in GDP is explained by the independent variables, while 26% is attributed to other factors not included in the model. The results indicate a positive impact of money supply, public revenues, and the trade balance on GDP, whereas public expenditure exhibits a negative effect.
Azleen Ilias, Rahida Abdul Rahman
This research investigates the impact of occupational stress and the behavioural, emotional, and physical symptoms of burnout on employee satisfaction in an accounting context. A quantitative research approach was employed, involving a questionnaire administered to 491 respondents from public accounting firms, the private sector, the government sector, non-profit organisations, and the self-employed. Results indicate a mix of working hours and work-life balance among responses. Furthermore, multiple regression was used to inves-tigate the factors that affect work satisfaction among accounting practitioners in Malaysia. The results indi-cate that occupational stress and physical burnout contribute most to their work satisfaction. Behavioural and emotional burnout can be considered not contributing to their satisfaction, meaning they can be regarded as coping with the burnout. These findings could improve wellness interventions, emotional intelligence, and resilience strategies that help accounting practitioners cope with workplace pressures.
A.M.T.S. Attanayake
Initial child delivery can be identified as a second birth of the woman's life. Due to high task oriented working cultures and higher competitiveness, post maternity females have to face critical situations within the workplace even with higher mental pressure. Therefore it is really important to understand the impact of organizational culture on post maternity female employee retention since it could provide solutions for the issues occurring within the workplaces. The research aims to identify how key dimensions of organizational culture such as leadership, teamwork, and adaptability impact the decision of female employees to remain in the workforce after maternity leave. Even though Sri Lanka is a country which has a higher academic background for female education, Sri Lanka has been identified as one of the lowest female labour participating countries among South Asia. The reasons for this issue may be higher cultural diversity and unfair treatments for the post maternity female employees within the organization cultures. Therefore investigation in this regard is highly required. This research focuses on post maternity female employees in Kandy District with a sample of 100 post maternity females by using convenience sampling methods. Organizational culture, with five aspects Shared Values, Communication, Leadership, Teamwork, and Adaptability was the independent variable, while post maternity female employee was the dependent variable. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data using SPSS software. The findings indicate that all five dimensions have a meaningful impact on retention, with teamwork and leadership standing out as the most significant factors. Shared values and effective communication also contribute notably, while adaptability, though less influential, still plays a significant role. The findings of this study are important to boost retention of post maternity female employees and also strengthen the organization's overall effectiveness and reputation.
Clarence A. Vallador, Jackie Lou T. Valdez, John Mark Lazaro, Orlan D. Tabuada Jr., Princess Evony L. Dadula
Individual Work Performance is defined as the visible behaviors that employees demonstrate while performing their duties, including how effectively they accomplish tasks, contribute to organizational goals, and avoid counterproductive actions. This study assessed the Impact of Organizational Justice on the Individual work performance in Santo Tomas Davao del Norte Descriptive-correlational research design was employed in this study therefore, it was used to determine the relationship between the two variables. The respondents of this study were 300 full-time plantation workers with at least six months of continuous employment; they were selected through a random sampling technique. Two sets of adapted questionnaires were used to obtain the information from the respondents. The findings of this study revealed the overall results that the level of organizational justice among banana plantation workers was high. The results indicated that banana plantation workers have a high level of organizational justice which means fairness in the workplace if oftentimes manifested. Also, the investigation found that the level of individual work performance among banana plantation workers was interpreted as high. The result indicated that banana plantation workers demonstrate a high level of individual work performance, indicating that their efficiency, cooperation, and commitment to their tasks are frequently observed in the workplace. It was also found in the study that there was a significant relationship between organizational justice and individual work performance. Therefore, it was hoped that this study could provide valuable insights that fairness and equitable treatment are frequently observed and practiced in the workplace, and employees consistently perform their duties efficiently and productively.
Emmanuel Badu Amoah, Joseph Fiifi Barima-Begyina Fosu-Ankrah
This paper examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI), automation, and remote work on employees' emotional intelligence (EI) within organisational settings. Utilizing frameworks such as technological acceptance, social cognitive theory, and emotional labor, this research elucidates the ways in which emotional regulation and social interaction are influenced by technology design and organisational practices. Technological advancements have markedly transformed emotional capacity and workplace relationships. While EI enhances empathy and self-awareness, it also presents challenges such as technostress, emotional exhaustion, and reduced face-to-face interaction. This study considers AI, remote work, and EI as interconnected phenomena within the sociology of the workplace. Employing face-to-face interviews with public sector workers in Ghana and a comprehensive literature review, the data were analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that well-integrated AI can enhance emotional capabilities, whereas poor implementation may undermine emotional autonomy and social cohesion. The study proposes human-centered AI governance and emotionally informed Human Resource (HR) policies, advocating for EI training to align with AI adoption to foster resilience and innovation in digital workspaces, thereby ensuring organizational efficiency and effectiveness.
Arif @ Kamisan Pusiran, Brahim Chekima, Fatma Zohra Chekima, Zhang Ling
This study examines how short video marketing influences hotel consumers’ reservation intention in China. Although platforms such as Douyin, Xiaohongshu, and WeChat Video Channel play an important role in hospitality promotion, the psychological processes through which short video narratives shape booking intention remain underexplored. Grounded in the Stimulus–Organism–Response framework, the study investigates the effects of narrative structure on narrative transportation; the effects of narrative transportation on flow experience and sense of presence, the effects of flow experience and sense of presence on perceived value; and the effect of perceived value on reservation intention. Data were collected via an online questionnaire from 153 respondents who had recently been exposed to hotel-related short videos and analyzed using SPSS and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed satisfactory reliability and validity of the measurement model, while the structural model confirmed that all six hypothesized relationships were positive and significant. Perceived value emerged as the strongest predictor of reservation intention. The findings extend the application of the Stimulus–Organism–Response framework to short video hospitality marketing and demonstrate that immersive storytelling can turn promotional content into experiential value creation. In practical terms, the study offers useful guidance for hotel marketers on designing coherent, emotionally engaging short videos that enhance consumer engagement and booking conversion.
Addley Bromeo Bin Bianus, Bao Shilian
Zhuang Brocade, a traditional textile art of the Zhuang ethnic group in Guangxi, China, embodies rich historical, cultural, and aesthetic significance. Rapid industrialization, declining artisan populations, and diminishing public interest threaten its preservation and transmission. This study investigates the role of virtual exhibition halls in the protection and dissemination of Zhuang Brocade culture in Jingxi City through semi-structured interviews with 24 participants, including artisans, cultural institution staff, and general users. Findings indicate that virtual exhibition halls effectively document and archive visual and historical elements of Zhuang Brocade, providing high-resolution imaging and 3D modeling that support cultural preservation without risking physical artifacts. Digital platforms significantly enhance dissemination by increasing accessibility, engagement, and awareness among geographically distant and younger audiences. Interactivity, immersion, and content quality were identified as key factors influencing user experience and satisfaction. However, intangible aspects, such as hands-on weaving skills and tacit knowledge, cannot be fully captured digitally, highlighting the need for complementary traditional transmission methods. The study offers practical recommendations for integrating virtual exhibitions with apprenticeship programs, optimizing user-centered design, and improving accessibility. Limitations include small sample size and regional focus, suggesting the need for larger-scale, longitudinal, and comparative studies to advance the digital preservation of intangible cultural heritage.
AHM Yeadul Islam
Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, holds profound significance for Muslims worldwide, not only as a period of fasting but also as a transformative framework for ethical, spiritual, and social development. Far beyond abstention from food and drink, Ramadan emphasizes values such as patience, self-control, empathy, honesty, generosity, compassion, discipline, and accountability, all of which are foundational for building a peaceful and harmonious society. These lessons transcend the individual level, extending to the family, community, national, and even international domains. At the personal level, Ramadan nurtures moral discipline, resilience, and spiritual consciousness, which reduce tendencies toward aggression, addiction, and unethical practices. Socially, its practices of collective worship and charity foster solidarity, justice, and mutual support, thereby countering crime, isolation, and anti-social behaviors. At the national level, Ramadan’s principles align with good governance, accountability, and anti-corruption strategies, while in international relations, its ethos of tolerance and reconciliation offers pathways for peacebuilding, ethical diplomacy, and conflict resolution. This paper examines the multidimensional importance of Ramadan’s lessons, using Mohammadpur, Dhaka, as a case context for community-level interventions. During Ramadan of 2024, we did a research work by adopting an observation method in Mohammadpur area. Also, we did some in-depth interviews with the local councilor. This Study proposes an action framework for embedding these values into law enforcement, education, civil society, and policymaking. The study concludes with policy recommendations for relevant ministries, institutions, and international actors, highlighting the role of Ramadan as a timeless ethical guide for fostering peace, justice, and human dignity in contemporary society.
Mazlina Binti Che Muztafa, Uni Grace P. Porras
This study aimed to explore the influence of a developed mother tongue-based teacher read-aloud module on the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) among kindergarten pupils. Using a qualitative case study approach, interviews and observations were conducted with teachers and pupils from two kindergarten classes in rural and urban settings in a province in the Philippines. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that the module positively influenced pupils’ HOTS, as demonstrated by enhanced analytical competence in processing information, strengthened evaluative competence in assessing information, and improved creative competence in producing prompt-responsive outputs. Furthermore, no rural-urban differences were observed in the module’s influence on pupils’ HOTS. The study recommends the use and integration of the module in regular teaching in classrooms with similar context as it is found to be comprehensive, inclusive, and pedagogically sound.
Dr. Christhoffer P. Lelis, LPT, Henry B. Malones, Jr., LPT
This study is anchored in the growing emphasis on enhancing career readiness among senior high school students through systematic school-based interventions and access to relevant labor market resources. Specifically, it aimed to examine the influence of exposure to and access to the Career Guidance Program (CGP) and Labor Market Information (LMI) on the Career Development Skills (CDS) of Grade 12 students at Mlang National High School. A descriptive-correlational research design was utilized to determine the relationships and predictive value of the identified variables. The study involved 216 respondents selected through stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation across student groups. Data were collected using a validated, self-administered questionnaire that measured levels of CGP exposure, LMI access, and career development skills. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics to determine variable levels, Pearson product-moment correlation to assess relationships, and multiple linear regression to evaluate predictive effects. Findings revealed that students exhibited generally high levels of CGP exposure (M = 3.46, SD = 0.61), LMI access (M = 3.55, SD = 0.68), and CDS (M = 3.74, SD = 0.71), indicating a favorable context for career development. Correlational analysis showed that both CGP exposure (r = .472, p < .001) and LMI access (r = .568, p < .001) were significantly and positively associated with career development skills, with LMI demonstrating a stronger relationship. Further, regression analysis confirmed that both variables significantly predicted CDS, F(2, 213) = 54.10, p < .001, accounting for 33.7% of the variance (R² = .337). Notably, LMI access emerged as the stronger predictor (β = .479), compared to CGP exposure (β = .187). In conclusion, the study underscores the critical role of both structured career guidance and accessible labor market information in developing students’ career competencies, highlighting the need for enhanced integration of LMI within school career guidance initiatives.
Dr. Tuntufye Mwenisongole, Geofrey Chambo
Faith-based counselling programs in Malawi’s Livingstonia Synod schools can play a crucial role in improving student outcomes. This paper explores the influence of Christian guidance and counselling practices on students’ academic performance, motivation, discipline, and engagement in Livingstonia Synod secondary schools in Malawi. The paper uses descriptive research study based on qualitative data collection and analysis. The sample were taken from secondary schools students and teachers. The report synthesizes current evidence and theory (e.g. Self-Determination and Social Learning Theory) to explain these effects, illustrates them with vivid examples, and provides policy recommendations.
Maria Alona A. Galendez, Marie Angeline G. Caliente
Early numeracy serves as a critical foundation for lifelong learning, enabling young children to understand numbers, patterns, and quantities in everyday contexts. Despite its importance, limited local studies have examined the combined influence of the home environment and home-based learning activities on kindergartners’ numeracy skills. This study investigated how these factors influence early numeracy development among kindergarten learners in a public elementary school during School Year 2025–2026. Using a descriptive–correlational design, 152 learners were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using an adapted Home Learning Environment Questionnaire, a Learning Activities Checklist, and a standardized numeracy assessment aligned with the MATATAG Kindergarten Curriculum. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that learners experienced a moderate level of home support and engagement in learning activities, while numeracy skills were at moderate level. Regression results showed that both home environment and learning activities significantly influenced numeracy skills, with learning activities emerging as the stronger predictor. The study highlights the importance of supportive home interactions and meaningful learning experiences in developing early numeracy skills. It is recommended that schools strengthen parental engagement programs and promote structured home-based learning activities to enhance children’s foundational mathematical development.
Fatima Blezyl A. Hicale, Joanna M. Castro, John Mark B. Lazaro
Social media usage has a considerable impact on consumers' purchase intentions, as it increases their interest and willingness to make online purchases. This study explored how social media engagement influences e-commerce consumers in Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was used, involving 300 e-commerce consumers selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using adapted survey questionnaires that measured social media engagement and consumers' purchase intentions. Results showed that social media engagement was high, as was consumer engagement, a pattern often observed. Statistical analysis revealed a strong and significant relationship between social media engagement and consumers’ purchase intention. Such behavior indicates that social media plays a significant role in capturing consumers’ attention, shaping preferences, and potentially influencing decision-making processes. These findings suggest that respondents' frequent preparedness and willingness to make purchases on TikTok Shop, as evidenced by product interest, intention to transact, and intentions to make future and increased purchases.
Catlyn O. Pongot, DBA, MPA, Ma. Theresa P. Llano, PhD, Xylon Keanu C. Hong
This study examined the influence of social media engagement on entrepreneurial intention among residents of Cotabato City. Guided by Social Media Engagement Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study assessed social media engagement in terms of behavioral, affective, and cognitive dimensions, and entrepreneurial intention in terms of attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed, with data collected from 385 respondents. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and simple linear regression were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that respondents exhibited high levels of social media engagement and entrepreneurial intention. Regression results indicated that social media engagement has a statistically significant but very weak positive influence on entrepreneurial intention, explaining only a small proportion of its variance. Attitude toward entrepreneurship and subjective norms were high, while perceived behavioral control was moderate. The results suggest that social media primarily functions as a source of entrepreneurial exposure rather than a strong determinant of entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurial intention appears to be more strongly associated with psychological factors such as attitudes, social influence, and perceived capability. A social media–Supported Entrepreneurial Intention Framework is proposed, highlighting the role of social media engagement as a contextual and enabling factor. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of strengthening individuals’ skills, confidence, and access to resources to support entrepreneurial development.
Emma S. Mirandilla, Helaria B. Carmona, John Mark B. Lazaro, Melven E. Gaviola, Roteo C. Anoche Jr
This study explored how teachers’ computer competencies influence the e-learning engagement of college students in Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was used, involving 359 college students selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using adapted survey questionnaires measuring teachers’ computer competencies and students’ e-learning engagement. Results showed that teachers’ computer competencies were high, and students also demonstrated a high level of engagement in online learning, which means oftentimes observed. Statistical analysis revealed a strong and significant relationship between teachers’ computer competencies and students’ e-learning engagement. These findings suggest that when teachers are more competent in using technology, students become more active, motivated, and engaged in e-learning. The study highlights the importance of strengthening teachers’ digital skills to enhance the quality of online learning in higher education.
Karen Kristine D. Abellanosa, Revina O. Mendoza, PhD
Reading comprehension was a foundational skill that was key to academic success, however many students in Grade 7 had difficulty as texts became more challenging. Grounded in the Simple View of Reading and Scaffolding Theory, the study investigated the relationship between vocabulary knowledge, teachers’ instructional practices, parental involvement and reading comprehension of Grade 7 students from one district of Cagayan de Oro City. It specifically examined vocabulary knowledge, teachers’ instructional practices, parental involvement and reading comprehension in four subskills: extracting significant information, distinguishing fact from opinion, drawing inferences and analyzing real-world issues. The study used a descriptive–correlational design with 214 students who were selected using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that vocabulary knowledge, teacher’s instructional practices and parental involvement were all at high levels. The regression model was significant; however, vocabulary knowledge was the only significant predictor of reading comprehension. Students performed relatively well in drawing inferences and analyzing real-world issues but experienced difficulty in distinguishing fact from opinion. These findings underscore the role of vocabulary knowledge in enhancing reading comprehension and the need for supportive teaching and home environments. Overall, this underscores that while external support is valuable, building strong vocabulary remains the foundational factor for effective reading comprehension. Future researchers are encouraged to examine additional factors influencing reading comprehension, such as reading motivation, metacognitive strategies, and digital literacy, to extend the generalizability of the findings across diverse contexts.
Mohamad Luthfi Abdul Rahman, Mohd Effizan Wahid, Rosnidar Ain
The Malay Lullaby or known as Lagu Dodoi Melayu is in the form of a traditional literary genre poem that uses elements of rhyme, metaphor and others, is short, soft words, and sung melodiously traditionally. Its content, which is loaded with the philosophy of education, is an influence on the early world of children, which certainly promises a connotation of well-being and spiritual soul. The study aims to form the interpretation of MADANI in the verses of The Malay Lullaby as well as show its relationship in the formation of a civil society. The study was carried out qualitatively on the discussion of the main paper entitled Membangun Negara Madani : Visi dan Kerangka Dasar Reformasi written by Anwar Ibrahim (2022). The MADANI Framework consists of six pillars, namely Sustainability, Well being, Innovation, Respect, Trust, and Ihsan (Compassion). The study found that the language aspect is seen as a priority that appears in the paper. The language aspect seen in general gives a scenario that other elements such as sub-literature, traditional literature, culture, and local history are also related and important to be the foundation for the MADANI framework. The interpretation of MADANI in The Malay Lullaby can be seen based on four of the six pillars of MADANI, which are well-being, respect, confidence and courtesy. Studies related to traditional literary themes and the relationship of social efficacy are widely conducted, but studies on the development of MADANI society are still limited. Therefore, this study definitely gives space and opportunity to the community, especially also gives a positive view on the implications and sequence of traditional literature such as The Malay Lullaby which gives legitimacy to the formation of civil society
IKPEOHA-FELIX, Ngozi Uloaku, ONYEBUENYI, Ikenna Charles
This study investigated the liquidity-profitability trade-off among listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. The main objective was to examine the impact of liquidity transformation and asset holding on corporate financial performance. Specifically, the study analyzed the baseline profitability trends; determined the effect of the Liquidity Ratio (LIQ) on Return on Assets (ROA); assessed the impact of the Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) on ROA; and evaluated the influence of institutional controls such as the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Bank Size on overarching financial performance. The study adopted an ex-post facto and longitudinal panel research design. Balanced panel data covering a ten-year period from 2015 to 2024 were sourced from the audited annual financial statements of twelve (12) purposively selected listed banks and the Central Bank of Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Levin-Lin-Chu unit root tests, Kao Residual Cointegration tests, Hausman specification tests, and Panel Estimated Generalized Least Squares (EGLS) regression. All hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Results from the Panel EGLS (Cross-section Random Effects) regression showed that the Liquidity Ratio had a statistically significant negative impact on profitability (β = -0.0227, p = 0.0212), explicitly confirming the trade-off theory. Conversely, the Loan-to-Deposit Ratio had a positive but statistically insignificant effect on ROA (β = 0.0026, p = 0.7314). The overarching model yielded an R2 = 0.3308. Furthermore, the regression established that both the Capital Adequacy Ratio (β = 0.0971, p = 0.0049) and Bank Size (β = 0.5664, p = 0.0003) exerted highly significant positive impacts on financial performance. The study concluded that a strict, inverse liquidity-profitability trade-off dictates the Nigerian banking ecosystem, where holding excessive liquid assets systematically destroys shareholder wealth, while forced credit expansion without pristine asset quality proves to be an inefficient profit strategy. Recommendations include abandoning overly conservative cash-hoarding behaviors to rapidly deploy excess liquid reserves into higher-yielding investments, prioritizing rigorous credit risk management over mere loan volume expansion, and actively pursuing sector consolidation to achieve profitability-maximizing economies of scale.
Cyber Grace P. Homoc, Hazel Mae C. Llorente, Karla Jean V. Bacalanmo, Margie D. Rollan
Student engagement refers to the level of active involvement and participation students demonstrate in their learning, both inside and outside of formal class settings. This research aims to investigate the mediating effect of classroom learning environment on the relationship between classroom assessment practices and student engagement. This study utilized quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, correlational research design and mediation analysis with 353 samples from college students. This study used stratified random sampling technique. The statistical tools used in this study were mean, Pearson r, and path analysis. Researchers gathered data using modified survey questionnaires, originally created by others, which had been rigorously checked for accuracy and relevance. The study's findings demonstrated that classroom learning environment, classroom assessment practices and student engagement have a descriptive level of high. Furthermore, there was a significant interrelationship between classroom assessment practices, student engagement and classroom learning environment. Besides, it was revealed that there was a significant partial mediation of classroom learning environment on the relationship between classroom assessment practices and student engagement. This means a well-structured learning environment, combined with supportive assessments and a positive atmosphere, fosters greater student participation.
Elmer M. Eugenio Jr., Ian Mark Veentshee D. Concha, Sharlyn Torotoro
Student engagement referred to the active participation and commitment a student demonstrated in their learning process. This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of the classroom learning environment in the relationship between teaching strategies and student engagement. A quantitative research design was employed, incorporating descriptive non-experimental, correlational, and mediation analysis. The study involved 309 students from a local college in Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte, selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using three adapted questionnaires and analyzed using mean, Pearson correlation (Pearson-r), and path analysis. The findings indicated that teaching strategies, student engagement, and the classroom learning environment were all rated highly. Additionally, the three variables showed significant correlations. Notably, the results revealed that the classroom learning environment partially mediated the relationship between teaching strategies and student engagement. This suggests that the classroom learning environment significantly influenced student engagement and played a vital role in how teaching strategies are implemented. A well-structured, supportive learning environment with access to resources and interactive teaching methods enhanced student participation and engagement in their studies.
Jed P. Acero, Vencent B. Landasan
This study investigated the correlation between cultural intelligence and the leadership effectiveness of Punong Barangay in the barangay local government, and the mediating role of democratic leadership. The research objective was to measure the cultural intelligence levels, democratic leadership levels, and effective leadership levels, and determine the relationship between them. The survey of the 300 barangay constituents was done with a stratified random sampling method and a questionnaire of the 5-point Likert type. The data obtained was analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings showed a significant effect of cultural intelligence on the effectiveness of leadership, and the mediator of the relationship is democratic leadership. The results indicate that barangay leaders perform better when they embrace various cultural practices and beliefs of their constituents. The research concluded that effective leadership requires both the engagement of the constituents and cultural intelligence, and suggests that future leaders should embrace a democratic style of leadership to sustain the effectiveness of leadership.
Glenda A. Mole, Liezel V. Chan
This study aims to establish the mediating effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between teaching practices and problems and difficulties encountered by senior high school students in learning mathematics. A descriptive–correlational design is employed in this study and targeted a total of three hundred (300) respondents using a random stratified sampling to guarantee that biases will be avoided. Questionnaires are administered online using Google Forms for easy data collection. The study's results indicated that SHS respondents perceived the level of teaching practices, with a weighted mean of 4.15. Additionally, the level of problems and difficulties encountered in learning mathematics among SHS students was found to have a weighted mean of 3.87. In contrast, the level of emotional intelligence was calculated to be 4.16. All of these levels are considered to be high. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between teaching practices and problems and difficulties encountered by the SHS respondents in learning mathematics. The relationship between teaching practices and the problems encountered by SHS students in selected schools in Davao del Norte regarding learning mathematics is directly mediated by emotional intelligence, as indicated by the mediation analysis. This suggests that effectively managing the students' emotional intelligence can directly affect their performance and accomplishments in mathematics. Furthermore, the study indicates that educators' teaching practices can directly affect how students handle the problems and difficulties they face.
Angelica J. Devera, John Mark B. Lazaro, Loren Grace F. Pelarca
Customer satisfaction serves as a vital metric, essentially reflecting how customers evaluate their service experiences against their initial expectations. This study determined the mediating effect of the food safety culture on the relationship between safe food handling knowledge and practices and customer satisfaction. This study utilizes quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, correlational research design and mediation analysis with 100 samples from customers. This study used convenience sampling technique. The statistical tools used in this study are mean, pearson r, and path analysis. The study's findings demonstrated that the level of food safety culture, safe food handling knowledge and practices and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, there was a significant interrelationship in food safety culture, safe food handling knowledge and practices and customer satisfaction. Also, a significant partial mediation effect of food safety culture was observed in the relationship between safe food handling knowledge and practices and customer satisfaction. This means that a high level of safe food handling knowledge and practices enables food establishments to implement effective safety measures, which in turn fosters a stronger food safety culture. This positive culture enhances customer satisfaction by ensuring consistency, trust, and a high standard of safety in food services.
Ariadne Faye P. Cabaluna, Dhainna Mae B. Bonite, Hazel Mae C. Llorente
Student engagement refers to the level of focus, curiosity, enthusiasm, optimism, and passion during learning or instruction is referred to as their level of student engagement. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of social participation on the relationship between motivational strategies and student engagement among college students. This study utilized quantitative, non-experimental descriptive correlational research design, and mediation analysis with 353 samples of college students. This study used stratified random sampling techniques. The statistical tools used in this study were mean, pearson r and path analysis. Data was collected from respondents using adapted survey instruments, which were verified for content validity. The study’s findings demonstrated that social participation, motivational strategies and student engagement have a descriptive level of high. Furthermore, there was significant partial mediation between social participation, motivational strategies and student engagement. The connection between motivational strategies and student engagement in college was partially explained by the level of social participation. The result was that students who engage with their peers were more likely to participate in social activities. If students are motivated and engaged in general, they'll participate in even more social activities.
John Mark Lazaro, Karen Mae T. Sitjar, Miracel L. Buyan
Students' motivation is a key factor in education, that encompasses both internal and external forces that drive students to learn and succeed academically. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the mediating effect of teaching styles on the relationship between student engagement and students' motivation. This research utilized quantitative approach, non- experimental, descriptive with correlational research design implies mediation analysis with 353 samples from students of a local college in Santo Tomas, Davao Del Norte. This study used stratified random sampling technique. The statistical tools used in this study are mean, pearson r, and path analysis. The information was gathered from the respondents using adapted survey questionnaires which were subjected to content validity. The study's findings demonstrated that teaching style, students engagement, and students' motivation have a descriptive level of very high. Furthermore, the three variables demonstrated a significant interrelationship. Additionally, the findings indicated that teaching style partially mediates the relationship between students engagement and students' motivation. The findings suggest that teaching style plays a crucial mediating role in enhancing the relationship between student engagement and motivation, highlighting the need for effective teaching style strategies to foster student learning and to enhance their motivation.
Bea Angelien D. Imperial, Bea Miguela C. Nepomuceno, Hanna Mae A. Caparas, RPsy, RPm, Josefina C. Ochoa, PhD, RPm, LPT, Julian Charles A. Dela Cruz, Maricar C. Dorongon, Rence Sophia D.L. Atenciana
This study examined the mediation of help-seeking behavior between hiya and emotional reliance on artificial intelligence (AI) among first-year Information Technology students. Grounded in Erving Goffman’s Face Theory and Leon Festinger’s Social Comparison Theory, the research explained how culturally rooted feelings of embarrassment and fear of negative evaluation influence students’ tendencies to avoid interpersonal support and instead turn to AI as a safer emotional outlet. A quantitative cross-sectional research design was employed. Using standardized questionnaires, the researchers surveyed 150 BSIT students to measure levels of hiya, help-seeking behavior, and emotional reliance on AI. Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among the variables. Results revealed that higher levels of hiya were significantly associated with lower interpersonal help-seeking and higher emotional reliance on AI. Mediation analysis showed that both the direct effect of hiya on emotional reliance on AI and the indirect effect through help-seeking behavior were significant, indicating partial mediation. These findings suggest that students experiencing higher levels of hiya may be less likely to seek help and may instead rely on AI for emotional support. The study contributes theoretically by extending Face Theory and Social Comparison Theory in explaining culturally influenced help-seeking behaviors in the context of emerging technologies. Practically, the findings highlight the need for educational institutions to strengthen mental health initiatives, encourage help-seeking, and promote responsible AI use. Furthermore, the study supports Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being by emphasizing accessible psychosocial support and student mental well-being in the digital age.
Hariyaty Ab Wahid, Jamal Sajwani
Governments worldwide increasingly adopt outsourcing to enhance efficiency and improve service delivery. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), federal authorities have actively pursued outsourcing alongside Emiratization policies aimed at increasing national workforce participation. However, the coexistence of these strategies has created organizational challenges, particularly in relation to public servants’ resistance to outsourcing initiatives. Despite the strategic importance of outsourcing, limited research has examined how such resistance influences its implementation and outcomes within the UAE public sector. This study aims to explore managers’ perceptions of public servants’ resistance and its impact on the implementation and success of outsourcing initiatives in UAE federal government organizations. Adopting a qualitative research design, the study draws on in-depth interviews with managers involved in outsourcing processes to examine the sources, dynamics, and consequences of employee resistance. The findings reveal that addressing resistance requires a comprehensive and integrated change management approach. Key themes emerging from the thematic analysis include transparent communication, employee participation, training and skill development, leadership and organizational support, cultural transformation, employee buy-in, and gradual implementation. Transparent communication was identified as critical in reducing uncertainty, addressing job security concerns, and building trust. Involving employees in decision-making processes enhanced their sense of ownership and alignment with organizational goals. Training and upskilling initiatives were found to mitigate fears of displacement by demonstrating organizational commitment to employee development. Furthermore, strong leadership support and a culture of inclusion and collaboration were essential in fostering openness and reducing resistance. Aligning employees with strategic objectives and ensuring their concerns are addressed contributed to securing their buy-in, while structured and gradual implementation supported smoother transitions. By highlighting the interplay between public servant resistance and outsourcing outcomes, this study contributes to addressing a gap in the literature on public sector outsourcing in the UAE. It also proposes a conceptual framework that links resistance management practices to outsourcing success, offering practical insights for policymakers and government organizations seeking to balance Emiratization goals with effective outsourcing strategies. The study recognizes its primary limitation in focusing solely on managerial perspectives, with interviews concentrated in IT and HR departments, and suggests future research should incorporate broader departmental representation and direct public servant input for a more holistic understanding. The conceptual framework proposed is grounded in change management and resistance theory, visually summarized to support practical application.
Angeli B. Degan
Culture is said to be dynamic, as it is passed down from one generation to another, its meaning and construct is reshaped and redefined. In the Cordilleras, inayan is a central cultural value. In recent articles, its nature and practice has been well-documented but few discussions were made on how it is transmitted across generations. Hence, the central question that this study aims to address is on how the process of transmission is done and whether there is contestation and or reinterpretation of the value. The study was conducted in the Kankana-ey community of Sagpat, Kibungan, Benguet”. It utilized a phenomenological approach to gather pertinent data set. Three families consisting of three generations (grandparent, parent, child) were interviewed about their definition, practice, and practice in the didactic process of inayan. Results reveal that elders perceive inayan as 1) a moral compass, 2) associated to spiritual sanctions and fear, and 3) likened to Christian teachings. On the other hand, the middle generation (parents) have mentioned three factors that influence the manner in how they adapt and redefine inayan; these are--- a) negotiating tradition and modernity; b) parenting styles and discipline; and, c) social and practical conditions. The third generation (child) have mentioned three aspects that affects the manner in how they perceive, negotiate, and or resist inayan as a moral value. The aspects mentioned are: a) dilution and use of humor; b) competing influences of various societal aspects; and, c) selective adherence. Based on the data, it was deduced that the process of transmission is influenced by shifting pedagogies between the three generations; and in the process of transmission, the institutions like the family, school, church, and social media were identified as pertinent mediums. Nonetheless, the contestation (keep/ discard) and reinterpretation (superstitions vs. moral values, family and personal negotiations) is much evident in the discourse.
Geoffrey Angela., Judith Akello Abal, Lydia Amongi, Mary Ejang
Humans consistently seek meaning, purpose, and a sense that their lives matter. Across philosophical, psychological, and spiritual traditions, personal development is seen as a dynamic process where individuals move from passivity and external control towards active authorship of their own lives. This manuscript explores the philosophy of personal development as the act of taking ultimate responsibility for one’s destiny. Drawing on existential humanistic philosophy, religious–spiritual thought, and modern personality theory, it examines how freedom, responsibility, self-knowledge, and moral character interact to shape a life course. A conceptual, hermeneutic analysis of key texts and frameworks was undertaken, including existential pedagogy, theories of personality as a creative act, models of self-determination, Islamic and Christian perspectives on character development and vocation, and contemporary discussions on positive thinking and quality of life. The analysis highlights several recurring themes: personality is not a fixed trait but an ongoing task and creative act; responsibility is both a prerequisite and a result of a mature personality; destiny is better understood as a vocation or mission rather than mere fate; and self-development requires active engagement with internal and external “barriers,” meaning, and values. These findings suggest that taking ultimate responsibility for one’s destiny involves assuming authorship of responses to circumstances, nurturing character and self-knowledge, and aligning one’s life with a personally and ethically meaningful sense of calling. This article concludes with practical implications for education, counselling, and spiritual guidance, and proposes research directions to empirically investigate responsibility-centred models of personal development.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Wanni Tohyala
Sharia supervision plays a vital role in Islamic banks to ensure that banking products and operations comply with Sharia law. With technological advancements, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an effective tool to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of Sharia supervision. The challenge presented in this paper is that the traditional approach to Sharia supervision in Islamic banks may be marred by some issues due to its reliance on human resources, in addition to the delay in completing transactions referred to the supervision committee. Hence, the idea of applying AI to supervision, even if only partially, contributes to reducing human error and increasing the speed of analysis and review. The roles of AI include, but are not limited to, automated analysis of Sharia texts, detection of suspicious transactions, automated auditing, and improving customer experience. This paper is based on inductive and analytical approaches. This process is not without challenges and difficulties, which officials must work to overcome, in line with the message of Islamic jurisprudence, which is to accommodate variables. The integration of technology and Sharia expertise is required and essential to ensure Islamic banks' compliance with Sharia law.
Ivy Chang Swee Fong, Vimala Govindaraju
This study investigates how communication practices shape family dynamics, emotional well-being, and relational cohesion in urban Malaysian families. Using Family Systems Theory and Family Communication Patterns Theory, the research analyzes the interplay between traditional cultural values and modern influences like digital communication. Findings suggest that while digital tools like WhatsApp enhance logistical connectivity, face-to-face interaction remains the primary driver of emotional security.
Christine Mwanza, Robert Changwe
This study critically examines the integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) within Zambian primary and secondary school curricula as a decolonisation strategy. Despite mounting global recognition of IKS value in addressing contemporary educational and developmental challenges, African curricula continue to privilege Western epistemologies, marginalising local knowledge systems and culturally grounded pedagogies. Employing a concurrent embedded mixed-methods design, this research engaged 61 participants including teachers, university lecturers, curriculum specialists, traditional leaders, and community members across Eastern and Lusaka provinces of Zambia. Data were collected through focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, and structured questionnaires, subsequently analysed thematically and through descriptive statistics. Findings reveal a pronounced disconnect between policy rhetoric acknowledging IKS and its substantive curricular integration, with 72.7% of respondents indicating inadequate IKS representation in formal education. While participants overwhelmingly recognised IKS relevance in cultivating practical skills, preserving cultural heritage, and addressing localised challenges particularly in agriculture, environmental management, and traditional medicine significant barriers persist. These include entrenched colonial mindsets, insufficient teacher preparation, limited community engagement, and the paucity of documented IKS resources. The study proposes a comprehensive decolonisation framework integrating five key IKS domains (agriculture, environmental management, traditional medicine, cultural heritage, and indigenous technologies) with complementary aspects of Western scientific knowledge. This hybridised approach, grounded in preparationism, functionalism, and communalism philosophies, aims to produce holistic, contextually relevant education fostering self-reliance and cultural continuity. The research contributes to ongoing discourses on epistemological diversity, culturally responsive pedagogy, and sustainable development in postcolonial African education systems.
Chidiogo J. Okpala, Geraldine E. Nzeribe, Jude O. Dike (PhD), Stephen M. Chukwuka
In this study transformational productivity refers to the capacity of an economy to attain long term gains in productive capacity by means of structural upgrading, technology adoption and sectoral efficiency gains. In contrast to straightforward productivity indicators, it reflects the efficiency gains inside a sector, as well as transitions to more value-added processes. As a way of operationalizing this concept, the study uses the Productive Capacities Index (PCI) that was developed by UNCTAD, which is a multidimensional measure of productive capabilities such as human capital, infrastructure, institutions, and structural change. This paper analyses the correlation between labour productivity, production in the manufacturing sector and exports of finished goods in the chosen African countries (Nigeria, Kenya, and Ethiopia) based on annual panel data between 2000 and 2022 (N = 69 observations). An ARDL panel framework is embraced to estimate both short and long-run dynamics. Results indicate that despite expected signs of the explanatory variables, the majority of the coefficients are statistically non-significant, which implies that the sectoral performance and transformational productivity are not significantly transmitted by the relevant variables in the sampled economies.. The empirical result showed a negative and insignificant relationship between labour productivity and transformational productivity; a positive but insignificant relationship between manufacturing sector output and transformational productivity; and also a positive and insignificant relationship between export of finished goods and transformational productivity. The study therefore concludes that labour productivity, manufacturing sector output and export of finished goods impacts on transformational productivity but not in a very significant way. If it must impact on it positively as suggested by theories then there is need to look at African dynamics to see how they can be helpful in achieving transformational productivity in Nigeria.
Sola, Oluwagbenle
This study evaluates the nexus between public healthcare outlay and economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data spanning from 1981 to 2024. The study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lags Approach to Cointegration and Error Correction Mechanism as estimation technique. According to the model’s estimated results, neither of the independent variables that is, government capital health spending or recurrent health spending which are proxies for public healthcare outlay has a noticeable impact on Nigeria’s economic spreading out. The independent variables were not significant, which could be attributed to lack of strength of indirect effects and the time lag between ongoing healthcare costs and the overall economy. Additionally, in Nigeria, corruption and leakages might be blamed for ineffective healthcare expenditures, which drop off the standard of healthcare and general wellness of the citizenry. In the light of the findings, the study recommends among others that the government should ensure efficiency and transparency of healthcare expenditure, alongside increased investment in the health sector to stimulate sustainable economic growth in Nigeria.
Rev Agnes Nyondo
This study investigates the lived experiences of ministers' widows in the CCAP Synod of Livingstonia, Malawi, revealing a "status paradox": women who serve as active, unpaid ministry partners become institutionally invisible upon bereavement. Synod policy documents are completely silent on widows' welfare, despite requiring male ministers to be married. Using Osmer's four-task framework and integrating Sustainable Livelihood and Pastoral Care models, the research draws on interviews with ten widows and fifteen church officials. Findings reveal that widows face financial precarity, housing loss, social stigma, and spiritual distress—the collapse of the "Mama Muliska" identity they were formed to inhabit. Policy silence, the "housewife" construct creating dependency, and patriarchal systems produce this vulnerability. The study proposes comprehensive reform: a formal Widowhood Welfare Policy, transformed identity formation for ministers' wives, economic empowerment, structured pastoral care, and cultural transformation. It offers a pathway from institutional invisibility to justice and renewed belonging.
Abdul Rauf Ridzuan, Afiqah Elysa Yaziz, Mohamad Hafifi Jamri, Mohd Sazili Shahibi, Nazri Che Dom, Nur Eleena Habeed, Yusa Dyujandi
The HIV epidemic is a significant worldwide public health issue since stigma continues to be a significant barrier to social inclusion and effective treatment. Despite advancements in healthcare and awareness initiatives, public stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) persists in Malaysia, which affects their general well-being and ability to integrate into society. This study aims to measure the expectancy of HIV patients in society. The study is also an attempt to understand the level of identified stigma or harmful stereotypes about HIV so that the behavior toward people with HIV would be better understood. The study will also assess the level of acceptability of people with HIV within that society. The end of this research resulted in the respondents having shown a low level of stigma towards people who are HIV positive (M=2.13) and high level of acceptance towards people who are HIV positive (M=3.04).
A.C.Imesha Kinkini, D.N.A.U.C. Udarini
The shift toward 21st-century education has redefined classroom management as a pedagogical construct central to fostering critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and digital literacy, rather than merely maintaining order. Despite extensive global scholarship on learner-centred pedagogy, there remains a critical lack of subject-specific, contextually grounded evidence on how classroom management practices in language education, particularly in South Asian contexts, align with these evolving demands. Addressing this gap, the present study examines the suitability of classroom management methods for teaching the Sinhala language in Sri Lankan secondary schools. The study is theoretically anchored in constructivist learning theory, behaviourist perspectives, and Fayol’s administrative theory, enabling a multidimensional analysis of classroom management as both a behavioural and organisational process. A mixed-methods design was adopted, integrating survey data with classroom observations and semi-structured interviews involving 36 teachers and 72 Grade 9 students across 21 schools. Quantitative data were analyzed using inferential statistics, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis. Findings reveal a persistent pedagogical–managerial misalignment: although teachers demonstrate an emerging orientation toward student-centred instruction, classroom management practices remain predominantly traditional, characterised by hierarchical control, limited student agency, and weak dialogic interaction. Moreover, the minimal integration of digital tools and Learning Management Systems further constrains opportunities for interactive and self-directed learning. The study’s key contribution lies in conceptualizing classroom management as a mediating mechanism between pedagogical intent and 21st-century skill development, demonstrating how entrenched management practices can undermine otherwise progressive instructional approaches. It argues for a paradigm shift toward flexible, technology-integrated, and participatory classroom management frameworks. These findings offer both theoretical advancement and context-sensitive policy implications for re-aligning language education with contemporary global competencies.
Crislyn A. Solde
As nations modernize, families face increasing economic uncertainty and shifting social dynamics, necessitating structured parenting interventions. This study explored the impact of the Family Development Session (FDS)—a cornerstone of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)—on the behavioral transformations of parents. Using a qualitative case study design, data were gathered through In-Depth Interviews (IDI), Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and Key Informant Interviews (KII), then analyzed via Reflexive Thematic Analysis to explore the lived experiences of participants. The findings revealed three major themes: (1) Guided Parenting Practices, establishing a foundation in legal awareness and structured guidance; (2) Transformed Practices, capturing a holistic shift across Personal Influence, Improved Parenting Approaches, and Positive Community Engagement; and (3) Drivers of Transformation, identifying enabling support systems and motivational factors as the primary catalysts for change. Results indicated that while institutional support from Regional Field Offices (RFOs) and intrinsic motivation facilitate these shifts, operational needs regarding physical accessibility and active participant engagement remain critical for success.
Ortuanya Kelvin Emeka
Background: Induction of labour is a key obstetric intervention aimed at improving maternal and perinatal outcomes. Misoprostol, particularly in low-dose vaginal regimens, is widely used due to its effectiveness, affordability, and stability. However, variations in clinical practice and limited long-term institutional data in low-resource settings necessitate further evaluation of its outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 25 microgram vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labour at ESUTH parklane over a five-year period. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Nigeria, from 2021 to 2025. A total population sampling approach was used to include 312 women who met the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained from labour ward registers, case notes, and delivery records. Variables analysed included socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, indications for induction, induction-to-delivery interval, mode of delivery, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The majority of women were aged 20–29 years (50.0%) and multiparous (55.1%). Post-term pregnancy (33.3%) was the most common indication for induction. The overall rate of successful vaginal delivery was 73.1%, while the caesarean section rate was 26.9%. The mean induction-to-delivery interval was 16.8 ± 6.4 hours. Maternal complications were low, with uterine hyperstimulation occurring in 7.7% and postpartum haemorrhage in 5.8% of cases. Neonatal outcomes were generally favourable, with 88.5% of neonates having Apgar scores ≥7 at 5 minutes. Multiparity, favourable Bishop score, and term gestation were significantly associated with successful induction. Conclusion: Low-dose (25 µg) vaginal misoprostol is an effective and safe method for induction of labour, with high success rates and acceptable maternal and neonatal outcomes. Its affordability and ease of use make it particularly suitable for resource-limited settings.
Edwin T. Castro, Lpt
Single mothers are succumbed to socioeconomic conditions. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of single mothers in poor urban communities, focusing on their daily struggles, available support systems, and coping mechanism. A descriptive-qualitative research design was employed using in-depth interviews with selected participants and this study underwent thematic analysis of the data gathered. This findings revealed that single mothers in urban poor communities perceived their socioeconomic conditions as a complex balance of financial struggles, daily responsibilities, and joy and fulfillment of parenting, reflecting the intertwined realities of hardships and resilience in their everyday lives. Based on the findings, future research may use advanced statistical methods such as multiple linear regression and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) – based questionnaire to identify social support factors influencing the socioeconomic conditions of single mothers, transform qualitative subthemes into measurable variables, and develop validated tools for a clearer, evidence-based understanding of their lived realities.
Athirathan, S., Jenat Mary, S.
The introduction of the 13 Years Guaranteed Education Program in 2017 marked a significant turning point in the development of vocational education in Sri Lanka. This initiative was designed to ensure that all students remain within the school system for 13 years, regardless of their performance at the G.C.E. Ordinary Level (O/L) examination. A key objective of the program is to provide vocational training opportunities, particularly at NVQ Level 4, for students who do not qualify for the traditional Advanced Level (A/L) academic stream, thereby reducing school dropout rates and improving employability. This study focuses on the level of interest in vocational education among plantation sector students, specifically within Tamil medium schools in the Kegalle Educational Zone. Despite the availability of this program, student participation remains low in this sector. The research aims to identify students’ interest levels, examine the challenges they face, and assess the awareness of the program among students, parents, and teachers. A mixed-method research design was employed, utilizing questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions for primary data collection, alongside secondary data sources such as official documents. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel, incorporating both quantitative (correlation analysis) and qualitative approaches. The findings reveal limited awareness of the program, low student participation, insufficient resources, challenges in teaching and learning processes, limited availability of practical subjects, inadequate institutional support, and lack of parental encouragement. The study recommends enhancing awareness, improving facilities, ensuring proper supervision, and expanding program availability to increase its effectiveness and accessibility.
Hynah Alliah S. Ara, James L. Paglinawan
Balancing rigorous master's programs with committed romantic relationships poses profound tensions for many graduate students, yet supportive partnerships can transform challenges into strengths. This qualitative phenomenological study delved into the lived experiences of Filipino public school teachers pursuing master's degrees amid such relationships, illuminating motivations, hurdles, coping mechanisms, and guidance. Through asynchronous written interviews via Google Forms and Messenger with 17 purposively selected respondents from Philippine institutions (primarily Northern Mindanao), data underwent reflexive thematic analysis to unearth patterns. Four pivotal themes surfaced: career advancement intertwined with personal growth, fueled by relational security; time-emotional strains like guilt and exhaustion spilling into partnerships; coping via open communication, intentional scheduling, and mutual aid; and partner support as a cornerstone enabler of persistence. These insights advocate for institutions to offer tailored wellness initiatives, while students harness transparent dialogues and shared visions—offering a blueprint for harmonious academic-romantic integration in resource-constrained contexts like DepEd.
Dr Naish Zameer, Neha Verma
This paper explores the under-addressed issue of sexual harassment of men in the workplace, emphasizing the tension between cultural norms and legal protections across different societies. Cultural attitudes often discourage male victims from reporting or recognizing their experiences as harassment. The paper examines case studies from varied legal and cultural settings, identifies barriers to effective redress, and offers a framework for multinational companies to implement culturally sensitive, legally compliant policies. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and in-depth interviews with male employees across urban and semi-urban settings, the study identifies key patterns of harassment, such as verbal abuse, inappropriate touching, and coercive behaviors, often perpetrated by both male and female colleagues or superiors. The findings highlight the societal and cultural barriers, including stigma and rigid masculinity norms, that discourage men from reporting such incidents. Additionally, the research evaluates the effectiveness of existing legal frameworks, like the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013, in addressing male victims' grievances. The study underscores the need for gender-neutral policies, awareness campaigns, and organizational support systems to foster safer workplaces for men, contributing to a more inclusive understanding of workplace harassment in India.
Noor Jannah Afi, Raihan Farhanah Ahmad, Wahiet Mat
This research explores the metaphorical application of the Toyol, a Malay folklore spirit thief, as an interpretive lens to covert workplace deviance in Malaysian organizations. Underpinned by symbolic anthropology and Islamic Human Resource Management (HRM), the study investigates how the "Toyol mentality" is used by employees to explain behavior such as time theft, electronic free-riding, and unethical self-enrichment. Using qualitative interview, digital ethnography, and Islamic text analysis methods, the study demonstrates how the cultural metaphor facilitates veiled criticism of unethical practice and mirrors underlying organizational blind spots. The research suggests that Islamic ethical values of amanah (trust), adl (justice), ihsan (excellence), and hisbah (accountability), provide spiritually underpinned alternatives to procedural ethics. Yet, HR systems neglect these values and do not operationalize them into actionable systems. The research prescribes an Islamically-coherent, culturally-appropriate HRM ethics template that aligns local metaphor and theological teaching with training, appraisal, and disciplinary practices. By renegotiating folklore as moral tale rather than superstition, the research presents a new approach to the reconstruction of workplace integrity in Muslim-majority cultures.
Dr. Fedha Flora
Teacher education is central to empowering societal transformation and driving sustainable development through innovation and inclusion. This paper explores how universities in Africa can restructure teacher preparation to align with emerging educational pathways that advance sustainability, inclusivity, and resilience in the era of Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI). In Kenya, teacher education has undergone significant transformation through the implementation of the Competency-Based Education (CBE), reforms in teacher professional development, integration of digital pedagogies, and renewed focus on inclusive education and industry linkages. Employing a desktop research design, the paper synthesizes insights from key policy documents and scholarly literature, including the Presidential Working Party on Education Reforms (PWPER), the Teachers Service Commission (TSC) Mentorship Policy, African Union (AU) education frameworks including the Continental Teacher Qualification Framework (CTQF), and resolutions of the Mombasa Deans’ Conference and also, Kenya’s Basic Education Curriculum Framework (2017), Basic Education Bill (2024), Teachers Service Commission Act (2012), and the Continental Education Strategy for Africa (CESA 16–25). The analysis identifies five reform pillars, competency-based education, digital pedagogy integration, inclusive practices, community-industry linkages, and continuous professional development,as crucial levers for empowering change. A tripartite framework of integration, innovation, and inclusion is proposed to align teacher education with sustainable societal needs. Findings reveal that while policy frameworks support transformation, challenges persist in implementation, capacity building, and resource mobilization. The paper concludes that training teachers for the new pathways is not only a policy priority but a strategic route toward achieving resilient education systems and advancing Africa’s contribution to the global knowledge economy. By reimagining teacher education as a transformative ecosystem, universities can nurture educators who inspire change, foster innovation, and build inclusive and sustainable futures.The paper advances inclusive, mentorship-driven practicums, innovative blended pedagogies, and sustainable professional development ecosystems as scalable strategies for enhancing teacher readiness for senior school pathways.
Connie Kivuti, Dr. Farai Katsande
In this study, the evolution of leadership theory through a conceptual and analytical review of seminal and contemporary literature was examined. Drawing on 36 scholarly sources, it traces the progression of leadership thought from the deterministic assumptions of the Great Man Theory to more dynamic and context-sensitive approaches, including Trait, Skills, and Style theories. The analysis highlights a significant epistemological shift from leader-centric and essentialist perspectives toward relational, developmental, and socially embedded understandings of leadership. Critically, while each theory contributes important insights—traits explaining who leaders are, skills leaders can develop, and behaviors leaders exhibit—none provides a comprehensive explanation of leadership effectiveness on its own. Consequently, the study develops an Integrated Leadership Model (ILM), which conceptualizes leadership as a multidimensional process arising from the interaction among traits (being), skills (becoming), behaviors (doing), and context (situating). The findings demonstrate that leadership effectiveness is not determined by any single dimension but by the alignment and interaction among these elements. Therefore, the study advances a holistic and integrative framework that reconceptualises leadership as a dynamic, adaptive, and contextually embedded process. This framework provides a more comprehensive foundation for understanding and developing leadership in complex organisational environments, bridging the gap between traditional theories and contemporary leadership challenges.
Ceferina Linaban Rodriguez, Jeramie Carbonero Linaban
The study explored the processes, actions, and strategies employed by Local Colleges of Carcar and Sibonga during the academic year 2025-2026, seeking to understand the initiatives being implemented, the sustainability efforts being prioritized, and the potential integration of technology-based tools to preserve educational content and knowledge. Using Grounded Theory with the Straussian approach, the study systematically generated theory from qualitative data. Research instruments included validated interview and observation guides, applied across four institutions in Southern Cebu: Sibonga Community College, St. Catherine’s College, Carcar City College, and Cebu Sacred Heart College, Inc. Participants included administrators, faculty members, student leaders, and community stakeholders. Data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding, guided by Lincoln and Guba’s trustworthiness criteria and ethical principles from Amdur and Bankert. The study revealed that transformative leadership integrates governance, preservation, and environmental responsibility, forming a holistic system of digital stewardship that balances operational resilience, cultural meaning, and strategic foresight. Governance mechanisms such as audits, documentation reviews, and student feedback ensure accountability, while green technologies, paperless workflows, and inclusivity programs embed sustainability and equity into preservation. Preservation planning, metadata standards, and collaboration with experts guarantee long-term usability and resilience. These dimensions converge into the grounded theory of Transformative Leadership Strategic Sustainable Digital Preservation in Institutions, which emphasizes stewardship, equity, and resilience as the central phenomenon. The study concludes that transformative leadership does not simply enforce rules or manage systems; it integrates sustainability, governance, reliability, inclusivity, and culture into a cohesive vision, resulting in a digital ecosystem that is sustainable, equitable, reliable, and adaptive — one where preservation is redefined as a living, evolving commitment aligned with human values and institutional purpose.
Lubbungu Jive, Sinyama Martone
Translanguaging has become a major framework for understanding multilingual meaning-making in education, yet much of the literature has tended to assume classroom contexts in which learners and teachers share relatively stable or sufficiently overlapping linguistic repertoires. This article examines how translanguaging operates in highly heterogeneous urban primary school classrooms in Livingstone, Zambia, where no single shared learner language can be consistently assumed. Drawing on a qualitative interpretivist case study, the study used classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with twenty teachers and twenty pupils from selected primary schools to investigate patterns of language use, instructional practice, learner participation, and teachers’ engagement with language-in-education policy. The findings show that multilingual classroom interaction was not random but systematically patterned according to communicative role and pedagogical function. English was more prominent in formal teacher-led and teacher-directed interaction, while Nyanja featured strongly in peer clarification and collaborative meaning-making, with Tonga and Lozi appearing in more context-specific ways. Teachers used multilingual practices strategically to scaffold understanding, clarify tasks, and sustain lesson flow, while learners relied on peer-mediated multilingual processing before producing formal classroom responses. The study further found that classroom interaction was shaped by partial linguistic overlap, requiring teachers to make moment-to-moment decisions across unevenly shared linguistic resources. It also revealed a clear mismatch between formal language-in-education policy and the realities of multilingual urban classroom practice. The article argues that in such contexts translanguaging should be understood not only as fluid repertoire mobilisation, but as pedagogical coordination under conditions of incomplete commonality, institutional constraint, and interactional necessity. By foregrounding classroom-based evidence from an underrepresented African urban context, the article extends translanguaging theory and contributes to more context-sensitive understandings of multilingual pedagogy, teacher agency, and language policy enactment.
BERNARD Anthony Oladayo, PhD
The study argued that in Sorrows and Rejoicing and The Bells of Amersfoort, Athol Fugard and Zakes Mda render trauma not simply as a thematic preoccupation but as a stylistic tool that determines the plays’ formal and aesthetic contours. Through trauma theory concepts like belated memory, repression, and the compulsion to repeat, the study demonstrates how fragmented temporality, broken dialogue, spectral presences, and the persistent use of silence become stylistic signatures through which the playwrights dramatise the unsettled psychic lives of their characters. In examining these narrative and dramaturgical strategies, the research contends that both texts reveal trauma as an experience that resists linear articulation yet imprints itself on theatrical form, thus reflecting the deeper struggle by contemporary literary artists to reckon with the lingering psychological scars of Apartheid South African.
Abideen Adekunle Tijani, Fatai Afolabi Asimi
Energy efficiency is a cornerstone of industrial competitiveness and sustainable development, yet its empirical measurement in sub-Saharan Africa’s manufacturing sectors remains limited. This study estimates energy efficiency levels and their determinants in Nigeria’s manufacturing sector using annual time-series data from 1981 to 2023. Employing an input-oriented Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), we find that the sector operates at an average energy efficiency of 82.2%, indicating a moderate but improvable performance. The trend reveals three distinct phases: improvement from 1985–1995 (efficiency reaching 100% in several years), relative stability from 1996–2015, and a notable decline after 2017, falling to 54.7% by 2023. Manufacturing output and labour input have significant positive effects on energy intensity (coefficients: 2.284 and 2.134, respectively; p < 0.01), indicating that they increase energy use per unit of output. Capital investment and the 2013 power-sector restructuring dummy significantly reduce energy intensity (coefficients: -1.213 and -1.669, respectively; p < 0.01). The generalized likelihood ratio test (167.13, critical value 6.63) confirms the presence of inefficiency, justifying SFA over OLS. The lambda parameter (4.54 × 10⁷) indicates that inefficiency dominates random error. These findings suggest that sustained capital investment in energy-efficient technologies and consistent policy implementation are essential to reverse the post-2017 decline.
Capua, Vanesa P.
Motivation is a key driver of students’ engagement and success in learning biology. This study investigated the level of motivation of undergraduate students in learning biology and examined whether significant differences exist when grouped according to sex and course. It also sought to identify the relationship between students’ age and their level of motivation, as well as to determine which profile variable significantly predicts motivation. Quantitative research approach was employed, using descriptive-comparative, correlational, and predictive research designs. Data were collected from 112 voluntary undergraduate students through a validated biology motivation questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze students’ level of motivation. Differences by sex and course were examined using an independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA, respectively. Pearson’s r was utilized to assess the relationship between motivation and age, whereas multiple linear regression was used to identify significant predictors of students’ motivation in learning biology. Results revealed that the undergraduate students were highly motivated to learn biology, regardless of sex and course, as there were no significant differences in motivation levels when grouped by these variables. However, age was found to significantly influence students' motivation, with a direct but weak correlation observed between age and motivation levels. Among the profile variables, age emerged as the most significant predictor of motivation in learning biology. These findings suggest that educators and academic institutions may consider age-related differences when designing instructional strategies and support systems to sustain and improve student motivation in biology learning contexts.
DR. K. Kaavya, Karthik. A.G.
The rapid growth of the digital economy has created a vast amount of structured and unstructured data from many different sources (for example: enterprise systems, social media, IoT devices, and customers). With the increased number of data sources, there is now a larger volume of data available than ever before; however, there are still challenges converting this raw data into useful information for decision-making. To help alleviate this problem, Business Intelligence (BI) tools have emerged as essential solutions for providing insights into the large amounts of raw data. Among the many BI tools used in business today, Microsoft Power BI is one of the most popular. Power BI helps organizations gather, integrate, process, and visualize data in an efficient and user-friendly way. This research examines how Power BI can enhance the decision-making process in present-day organizations by enabling businesses to more easily make data-driven decisions. Power BI has many applications and provides inherently valuable capabilities including: interactive dashboards, real-time analytics, data modelling, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based Intelligence to generate deeper insights into their business and market characteristics. In addition, this paper will discuss how Power BI can be applied to a variety of different business functions (e.g., marketing, finance, HR, and operations) and demonstrate how businesses can use it to monitor key performance indicators (KPIs), recognize trends and establish better strategic planning. Finally, this research paper will examine existing research literature relating to BI and data analytics to build a theoretical basis for the importance of Power BI in the BI category. The study also covers Power BI's benefits, such affordability, scalability, and user-friendliness, as well as its drawbacks, like difficulties integrating data and the requirement for technical know-how. The study's conclusions show that Power BI is essential for developing an organization's data-driven culture, increasing decision accuracy, and boosting overall company performance. To sum up, Power BI is more than simply a tool for data visualization; it is a strategic asset that helps businesses realize the full potential of their data and gain a long-term competitive edge in the contemporary business environment.
Aminah Jekri, Crispina Gregory K. Han, Nur Farha Shaafi
Along with the booming development of the digital world and technology, the educational landscape around the world is undergoing an aggressive transformation. To meet current needs, the trend of using artificial intelligence (AI) is being actively promoted in Malaysia, including Sabah. Therefore, a cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted to assess the AI readiness among of 115 postgraduate Diploma in Education students from Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Respondent was selected through a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive analysis and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyse survey response. The results indicated that AI TPACK anda motivation has positive effects on cognitive readiness to use AI. Further findings revealed that gender moderates the relationship between AI TPACK and cognitive readiness, where this relationship is strengthened among male teachers. By identifying key drivers of readiness to use AI, the study informs academic policymakers anda pedagogical practices in understanding the most effective strategies for enhance prospective teacher cognitive readiness to accept and adapt AI in real classroom.
Paolo O. Baquial
The ongoing issue of poor information retention continues to hinder students' mastery of scientific concepts. This study examined the predictive power of the Use of Motives and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence on Information Retention in Science, as measured by students’ subjective assessment of their ability to recall and apply scientific concepts. The study was conducted among 266 Grade 12 STEM students in Davao City. Adopting a predictive research design, data were selected through total enumeration and rigorously analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product-moment correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis. Descriptive results revealed that Use of Motives, Utilization of AI, and Information Retention all achieved "High" descriptive levels, suggesting that students possess strong internal drives and frequently engage with AI tools. Correlation analysis further indicated significant, moderately high positive relationships between both Use of Motives (r=0.674, p<0.05) and Utilization of AI (r=0.677, p<0.05) with the criterion variable. The multiple regression results demonstrated a significant combined predictive relationship, with the model (F=143.1, p<0.001) accounting for 52.1% of the total variance in perceived retention levels. These findings partially confirm the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), suggesting that students' cognitive success is significantly associated with the interplay between perceived usefulness and strategic digital engagement. The results are significant for school leaders and administrators in formulating technology-integrated policies to mitigate retention gaps. Furthermore, this study offers a foundational framework for future research to explore the remaining 47.9% of unexplained variance through qualitative factors or additional predictive variables.
Hariandra Muthu, Lim Yaw Loong
This research paper explores the feasibility of employing handphones as light detectors in experiments related to the inverse square law. The inverse square law describes the relationship between the intensity of light and the distance from its source, which has significant implications in various fields including physics, astronomy, and photography. Leveraging the built-in capabilities of handphones, such as the camera sensor and computational power, offers a cost-effective and accessible approach to conduct experiments on light intensity measurements. This paper discusses the theoretical background of the inverse square law, outlines the experimental setup utilizing handphones as light detectors, presents experimental results, and discusses the implications and limitations of this approach.
Annie Marmol-Dado, Hersan C. Arciga
This study determined the effectiveness of strategic interventions implemented by secondary school mathematics teachers in improving the mathematics proficiency of learners’ at-risk with mathematical difficulties in public secondary schools in Paracale and Jose Panganiban Districts, Division of Camarines Norte. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design, the study involved 64 respondents, including 59 Mathematics teachers, 3 Master Teachers, and 2 Department Heads. It determined the types of interventions utilized, their level of utilization in terms of teacher adherence, adaptation, engagement, and monitoring, and their effectiveness in improving learners’ proficiency, engagement, attitude, and motivation. It also investigated relationships between utilization and effectiveness, identified challenges encountered, and proposed an intervention program. Findings revealed that strategic interventions were highly utilized (WM = 3.35), with teacher engagement (WM = 3.52) and monitoring of learners’ progress (WM = 3.49) rated highest. Effectiveness was generally high in terms of learners’ engagement, attitude, and motivation, but only moderately effective in improving proficiency (WM = 3.21). Significant positive relationships were found between utilization and effectiveness, particularly in teacher engagement and monitoring, while other variables showed mixed results. Teachers reported challenges related to learners’ engagement and attitude as the most significant barriers. The study concludes that while strategic interventions are widely implemented and effective in improving affective learning outcomes, their impact on proficiency remains limited. As a response, a Professional Development Program titled Enhancing Learners’ Motivation in Mathematics through Effective Pedagogy and Curriculum-Aligned Practices was proposed to strengthen instructional practices and address identified challenges.
Abdul A. Koroma (PhD), Micheal Kingsley Afful
Utility-scale solar infrastructure in tropical, high-relief regions faces extreme hydrological risks due to soil compaction and high-intensity rainfall.This study evaluates the hydrological resilience of a 16.2 MWp hybrid power station in Baomahun, Sierra Leone, by validating engineered drainage designs against as-built topographic data. Utilizing a 31-year rainfall dataset, we integrated as-built surveys with D8 flow accumulation algorithms and HEC-RAS modeling. The Stream Power Index (SPI) was utilized to quantify erosive energy, while Manning’s equations were applied to determine velocity exceedance across the finalized dendritic network. Findings indicate that bulk earthworks resulted in a 16.2% increase in the weighted Curve Number (CN 91.8) and a 66.3% reduction in surface retention (S). Consequently, peak discharge (Qp) during a 100-year storm event (220.02 mm) increased by 38% to 122.78 m3/s , with peak velocities reaching 3.8 m/s—a 3.1x exceedance of the soil’s non-erodible threshold. However, spatial validation confirms that 55% of site load is successfully consolidated into a southwestern outlet, maintaining an infrastructure safety buffer of >35 meters for all critical assets. The integration of as-built accumulation mapping and SPI profiling demonstrates that while construction significantly alters hydraulic loads, a deterministic dendritic network can effectively decouple high-value assets from hydrological stress. This study offers a scalable, "bankable" framework for certifying site stability in erodible tropical terrains.
Asreen Damiya Asmawi, Muhammad Faris Numan Abdul Karim, Nur Dina Danisha Abdul Aziz, Nur Qistina Alesha Mohamad Zamin, Nurulhuda Adabiah Mustafa
The increasing prevalence of e-cigarette smoking among the Malaysian youth has brought with it legal and social health problems. This paper comments on the legal environment that governs vaping in Malaysia, the Control of Smoking Products for Public Health Act 2024 (Act 582) and evaluates how effective it is in the current issue. The research employs a doctrinal approach of research, whereby relevant statutes and other scholarly and secondary materials are examined to analyse the current regulatory framework and its implementation. The findings show that even though Act 582 is a major move in the direction of a more detailed legal system, it fails because of major gaps in enforcement. The absence of regulations in online markets, the non-existence of age restrictions, and inconsistency in jurisdiction undermine the primary functions of the law. A comparative analysis to the prohibitive regulatory model in Singapore is also cited that effective enforcement of the clarity of the legislation should be accompanied by strict enforcement. The paper concludes that the current framework is a step in the right direction. Nevertheless, more systematic reforms are required to enhance enforcement and guard the health of the population and the younger generation, in particular.
Omoding Christopher, Sadick Mwesige
This study examined the effects of Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) on the socio-economic empowerment of Low-Income Households in Mashyoro Sub-County, Kitagwenda District, Uganda. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of savings on the socio-economic empowerment of Low-Income Households in Mashyoro Sub-County, Kitagwenda District. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed, involving 157 respondents selected through purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses. Quantitative findings revealed that VSLA participation significantly increased household income, improved nutrition and health, and facilitated investment in income-generating activities. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between savings and socio-economic empowerment (r = 0.672, p < 0.01), while regression analysis confirmed that savings significantly predict socio-economic empowerment (β = 0.612, t = 11.50, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings from interviews supported these results, highlighting participants’ experiences of improved financial stability and livelihood opportunities. The study concluded that VSLAs are effective tools for poverty reduction and socio-economic empowerment among rural communities. It recommended strengthening VSLA programs, providing financial literacy training, and promoting community participation to enhance their impact.
Gennen C. Alviar, Judy Jane S. Revelo
Compassion fatigue among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses is a critical occupational concern shaped by emotional, physical, relational and environmental demands, necessitating a deeper understanding of how nurses experience and manage this phenomenon to sustain resilience, well-being, and compassionate care. This study explored the lived experiences of NICU nurses in government hospitals in the southern Philippines using an existential transcendental phenomenological design guided by Moustakas’ framework. Seven purposively selected nurses participated in semi-structured interviews, with data supplemented by field notes and analyzed through horizonalization, clustering of significant statements, textural and structural descriptions, and synthesis of the essence of the experience. Six major themes emerged: navigating emotional and physical demands while sustaining compassion; managing environmental pressures such as sensory overload and spatial intensity; the temporal development of resilience through repeated exposure to critical care; relational anchors including colleagues, patients, and families; material and technological aspects of care as both stressors and sources of hope; and the development of resilience and professional identity through experiential learning, reflective practice, and intentional self-care. Compassion fatigue was described as an embodied, relational and contextually situated experience influenced by organizational, environmental, and personal factors. Nurses mitigated its effects through adaptive coping strategies, relational support, and continuous professional growth. The findings highlight the need for supportive work environments, structured mentorship, stress-reduction interventions, and resilience training, while suggesting further multi-site research to enhance the transferability of results beyond the study’s limited sample and regional scope.
Tinatin Janjgava
This article examines Soviet Georgian political caricature with a focus on the normalization and aestheticization of violence. The study argues that caricature functioned as a mechanism for transforming violence into spectacle and entertainment, contributing to the erosion of empathy. Using art-historical and semiotic analysis, the research explores satirical journals such as Niangi and Tartarozi. It demonstrates that visual strategies including grotesque exaggeration, symbolic contrast, and dehumanization were used to legitimize aggression and shape ideological perception. The article concludes that caricature played a central role in constructing emotional responses aligned with Soviet propaganda. The case of Georgia is particularly insightful. Situated between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, the country developed an active satirical press during the late imperial and early Soviet periods. By the beginning of the twentieth century, caricature had become an important tool for discussing social inequality, local political issues, cultural tensions, and international relations. However, after Georgia was incorporated into the Soviet system, the role of satire changed. The new political regime did not remove humorous imagery but reshaped its purpose. Satire turned into a medium for spreading official ideology in a form that was understandable to the local population.
El Malki Said, Mrani Zentar Sarra
In increasingly complex and uncertain environments, where activities are project-based, organisations rely on management control systems (MCS) to support decision-making and improve performance. However, their effectiveness cannot be explained solely by their technical design. This study examines the role of MCS legitimacy as a key factor in reducing organisational uncertainty and improving coordination, thereby contributing to enhanced financial performance. Drawing on legitimacy theory, a conceptual model is developed, establishing a link between MCS legitimacy, uncertainty reduction, coordination and performance. The empirical analysis is based on data collected from 175 large construction firms in Morocco. Using regression and mediation analyses, the results show that the perceived legitimacy of MCS significantly reduces uncertainty and enhances coordination among organisational actors. In turn, better coordination leads to improved financial performance. The results also indicate that legitimacy influences performance indirectly through these intermediary mechanisms. This study contributes to the literature by offering a more comprehensive understanding of how management control systems operate in complex environments. It highlights the importance of legitimacy as a practical and managerial lever for improving organisational effectiveness in project management contexts.
Aishwarya Prasad Dhakal, Bipana Devkota
Hospitality has often been conceptualized as a pathway to women's economic participation, visibility and mobility. This conceptualization however captures only a partial look to the hospitality sector. Hotels are also known for long working hours, emotionally taxing work, repeated contact with guests and hierarchical management structures, which have the potential to undermine the agency of women in the workplace and limit their career prospects. This study examines whether the work of frontline hotel in the Kathmandu Valley is more of a vehicle for empowerment or, on the other side of the spectrum, a style of exploitation for the women employees. A quantitative, cross sectional research design is used and four antecedents of perceived workplace empowerment are proposed, namely; pay equity, opportunities for career advancement, workplace harassment, and training support. A structured questionnaire including Likert-scale items was used to administer the questionnaire to the frontline female hotel staff. The article then presents the results of the analysis in accordance with the research design. Results show that the factors of pay equity and career advancement opportunities have positive and statistically significant effects on empowerment, while the factor of workplace harassment has a negative and significant impact on empowerment. Training support does not result in a statistically significant effect after controlling for pay equity, promotional prospects and harassment. The conclusion of the paper is that the inclusion of women in hospitality needs to be appraised by the intricacies of their daily working experiences and not just through aggregate employment figures.
Dr. Agrippina Lubeka, Pauline Muhonja, Prof. Charles O. Wafula
Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) aim to improve women’s financial inclusion and household welfare in rural Kenya, yet evidence on how knowledge influences participation and how participation affects food security is limited. Objective: This study examined the association between women’s knowledge of VSLAs and membership, and the relationship between membership and household food security in Tausa Sub-Location, Taita Taveta County. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 464 women. Data included socio-demographic characteristics, VSLA knowledge, membership and household food security measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Chi-square tests and t-tests explored associations between knowledge, participation and food security. Binary logistic regression identified association between knowledge and participation while ordered logistic regression and propensity score analysis assessed the association between membership and household food security.
Marian Ali Hassan
This study examines the role of women in community engagement and national reconstruction in post-conflict Somalia, with particular attention to their contributions to peacebuilding, social cohesion, economic recovery, and governance. The study adopts a qualitative desk-review design based on secondary source analysis. It draws on peer-reviewed academic literature, policy documents, and reports published by international organizations, including the United Nations, World Bank, UNDP, and the African Union, to analyze how women contribute to rebuilding society in a fragile post-conflict context. Using thematic analysis, the study identifies the main areas in which women influence recovery processes at both community and national levels. The findings show that women play a vital role in informal leadership, conflict mediation, reconciliation, household and local economic resilience, and advocacy for inclusive governance. At the same time, the study finds that these contributions remain under-recognized within formal political and institutional structures due to persistent cultural, political, and economic barriers. The paper contributes to the literature by providing an integrated Somalia-specific analysis of women’s roles across interconnected dimensions of reconstruction, rather than treating peacebuilding, development, and community engagement as separate domains. It concludes that strengthening women’s participation and recognition is essential for sustainable peace, inclusive governance, and long-term national development in Somalia.
Alian Bonny, Muhammad Hasmi Abu Hassan Asaari, Nasina Mat Desa
This study intends to examine the relationship between workplace bullying and work requirements towards work stress. It was conducted on customs officers in the eastern region of Malaysia. A total of 124 respondents were given a self-administered questionnaire towards getting their responses on the said variables. Data analysis was done using SPSS. The findings indicate that workplace bullying has a significant relationship with job stress. In addition, job demands also show a positive relationship with job stress. Therefore, the findings of this study are useful for academics and other researchers in examining issues related to workplace bullying, job demands, and job stress. The findings offer ideas or solutions to reduce workplace bullying and job demands that contribute to job stress.
Long Jia Hui
In the digital media era, micro-dramas have emerged as a popular format for youth-oriented content, yet the reception of red culture micro-dramas among young audiences remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate youth acceptance of a self-produced micro-drama based on Lüliang Spirit and Liu Hulan’s deeds. A quantitative approach was adopted, combining platform viewership data with a questionnaire survey to capture both behavioral and attitudinal dimensions of audience engagement. A total of 95 valid responses were collected from university students across various disciplines. Descriptive statistics and independent-sample t-tests were employed to analyze the data, focusing on demographic variables and key acceptance metrics. Key findings include: Independent samples t-test results showed that gender was statistically significant only in the dimension of clear and understandable plot within perceived quality (p<0.05), with males scoring significantly higher than females. This suggests that narrative clarity may be prioritized differently across genders in educational content evaluation. No statistically significant gender differences were found in the dimensions of emotional identity, cognitive improvement, or sharing intention, indicating that the core values and educational impact of red culture micro-dramas resonate uniformly. The micro-drama successfully fostered emotional connection and enhanced historical understanding among viewers, while also stimulating willingness for social sharing. These findings provide empirical insights into how university students accept red culture micro-dramas and offer practical implications for the creation of youth-oriented red culture content by student teams with limited resources. The results underscore that while technical production values may be constrained, focusing on authentic emotional storytelling and clear historical narrative can effectively engage young audiences. The study demonstrates that micro-dramas can serve as an accessible medium for cultural transmission, particularly when they balance educational objectives with engaging narrative techniques that align with youth media consumption habits.
Prof. John Ndikaru wa Teresia, Veronica Mpoyio Sasine
Youth unemployment remains a major global challenge and is strongly linked to rising levels of criminality, particularly in informal urban settlements. This study examined the relationship between youth unemployment and criminality in Mathare Sub-County, Nairobi, Kenya. The research was guided by Strain Theory and Social Learning Theory to explain how socioeconomic pressures influence youth involvement in crime. The study employed a survey research design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from youths aged 18–35 years through questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic content analysis. The findings indicated a strong association between youth unemployment and increased crime rates in the Mathare informal settlement. Many respondents lacked stable income and employment opportunities, exposing them to extreme poverty and making criminal activities such as robbery, drug trafficking, and prostitution alternative survival strategies. High unemployment also increased frustration, idle time, and exposure to delinquent peer groups. The study concludes that youth unemployment is a key driver of criminal activity in informal settlements. It recommends youth-focused education and skills training, fair recruitment practices, economic empowerment programs, and job creation policies as essential strategies for reducing unemployment and crime among youths.