Determinants of Social Security Awareness Among Gig Workers: Evidence from Grab Drivers in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Abstract

This study examines the determinants of social security awareness among gig workers, with specific focus on Grab drivers and riders in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Despite the rapid expansion of the gig economy, participation in formal social protection schemes such as the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) remains limited. Drawing on the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study investigates how accessibility to information, education and knowledge, and income stability influence awareness of social security protection. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, with data collected from 101 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings reveal that all three factors significantly influence SOCSO awareness, with accessibility to information emerging as the strongest predictor (β = 0.352), followed by income stability (β = 0.343) and education and knowledge (β = 0.302). The model explains a substantial proportion of variance (R² = 0.880), indicating strong explanatory power. The findings highlight the importance of platform-based information dissemination, financial stability, and targeted educational interventions in enhancing awareness among gig workers. This study contributes to the literature on gig economy and social protection by providing empirical evidence from a developing country context and offers policy recommendations to improve participation in social security schemes.