Effectiveness of Multimedia-Based Instruction in Elementary Education: A Meta-Analytic Review Toward a Teaching Primer

Abstract

Education in the 21st century has been shaped by rapid technological changes that influenced how teaching and learning take place. One of the most important developments in this area was the use of multimedia, which combines text, images, audio, video, and interactive elements to support learning. Multimedia helped learners understand lessons more clearly because information was presented in different forms. Its use also supported the goals of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which focused on providing inclusive and quality education for all. Organizations such as UNESCO (2024) and UNICEF (2024) emphasized that digital tools, including multimedia, played an important role in improving learning experiences and addressing the needs of diverse learners, especially in developing countries. These points showed that multimedia was not only a teaching strategy but also an important tool in improving education systems worldwide.