Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Bangla Quantitative Workload Inventory among Bangladeshi Ready-Made Garment Workers: Evidence from Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory

Abstract

The quantitative workload is the most crucial factor influencing employee well-being and mental health, especially in Bangladeshi garment workers. This study aimed to culturally adapt and validate the Quantitative Workload Inventory (QWI). The adaptation process followed established cross-cultural guidelines, including forward and backward translation, expert review, and pre-testing. The finalized Bangla QWI was administered to 406 ready-made garment (RMG) workers, and its psychometric properties were evaluating classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) approaches. Findings revealed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .821, McDonald’s ω = .834), satisfactory item discrimination, an acceptable test-retest reliability (r = .728), and a single-factor structure of the Bangla-QWI supported by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Graded Response Model (GRM) analysis supported item performance. Measurement invariance findings across gender showed configural, metric, and scalar invariance, supporting the scales’ comparability between male and female workers. Convergent validity was evidenced by a significant positive association with mental health difficulties (r = .330, p = < .001). It is a valid and culturally reliable tool for measuring workload among RMG workers. It helps researchers and organizations in designing interventions to manage workload and promote worker health.