614 Articles
Akisah Tago Yusoph, Diamond N. Tawano-Macarimbang
This paper examines the decline of the Kirim (Batang-Arab) scribe and the transformation of Salsila in the 21st century in Marantao, Lanao Del Sur amid the modernization and conflicts. Utilizing analysis of the Salsila copies and other kirim manuscripts, and the oral account from the elder---it unravels that this is not just a single case but a systematic driven by the following: the prevalence of secular education and the technology making the traditional scripts obsolete; the barriers in introducing kirim in MTB-MLE of the secular education and standard Islamic knowledge; the shift in the bureaucracy of the datus and the enthronement process; and the limited preservation initiatives. The multiple conflicts within Lanao Del Sur from 1990-2010 affected the diffusion of this Scribal knowledge due to the loss of the manuscripts and the passing of the old practitioners. Some used digital platforms to compensate for this, but it didn't change the reality of cultural erosion. Findings highlight that digitization from various organizations and institutions can be a partial resistance act against the eroding knowledge and it should be paired with introductory lessons for the youth to strengthen Meranaw identity. This study bridges the Philippine heritage gaps, emphasizing the vital point of intangible losses in indigenous scripts.
Dr. Prashant Singh, Ritesh Patel, Sejal Jaiswal
The Union Budget 2026-27 is a crucial step towards realising the aim of making India a developed nation by 2047, i.e., Viksit Bharat@2047. By becoming a developed nation, India aims to achieve global presence, greater economic prosperity, and overall improvement in its citizens' well-being. Objectives: The present study seeks to analyse the strategic provisions of the Union Budget 2026-27 that align with the objectives of Viksit Bharat@2047 and to provide suggestions to the Government of India for achieving the Viksit Bharat@2047 aim. Methodology: The study uses a qualitative approach to analyse the strategic provisions of the Union Budget 2026-27 towards achieving the Viksit Bharat@2047 aim. The study utilises the Union Budget 2026-27 and various reports on the Union Budget 2026-27 and Viksit Bharat@2047 to obtain a clear view of the provisions of the Union Budget 2026-27 and the pillars or priority areas for achieving the Viksit Bharat@2047 aim. Results: The study proposed a model for achieving the Viksit Bharat@2047 aim, which the researcher will authenticate in future by taking quantitative data on the key provisions made in the Union Budget 2026-27. According to the researchers, to materialise the goal of Viksit Bharat@2047, with the help of the budget 2026 to government should boost Production-linked localisation, allocate funds to boost basic education infrastructure, work on increasing the tax base, incentivise R&D, tech upgradation, and skill development, and most importantly, improve beneficiary identification to provide benefits to the people who are in need. Limitations: The study is based on secondary data, does not include any quantitative data, and was conducted within a limited timeframe. Despite these limitations, the study provides valuable insights into the role of the Union Budget in aligning with the long-term vision of Viksit Bharat@2047.
Dr. June Rey Sulatra, MOY, Sergia Mie G
This study explores employee satisfaction with the Human Resource Management Information System (HRMIS) implemented at the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in Iloilo Province. Employing a descriptive research design and a census of 320 employees, the research assessed satisfaction across four dimensions: system usability, efficiency and accuracy, support and training, and overall impact. Data were gathered through a validated Likert-scale survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed neutral satisfaction levels across all domains, with mean scores ranging from 3.05 to 3.11, indicating a functional yet under-optimized system. Variability in responses suggests disparities in digital literacy, infrastructure access, and training adequacy. These results align with the Technology Acceptance Model (Venkatesh & Davis, 2000), which emphasizes perceived usefulness and ease of use as key determinants of user satisfaction. The study recommends enhancing user-centered design, standardizing HR workflows, expanding training programs, and institutionalizing feedback mechanisms. By addressing these areas, DENR Iloilo can elevate HRMIS from a basic administrative platform to a strategic tool for public sector innovation and employee empowerment.
Dr. Rajeev Bhaiya Maurya
Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Osteoarthritis (OA) are most frequent chronic joint diseases, resulting in pain, stiffness, and disability. Standard treatment provides symptomatic relief without likely cures. Homeopathy, based on individualized prescribing, has a potent foundation in Materia Medica, wherein medicines have been taken from provings and clinical confirmations. Classical Materia Medica can be systematically examined to elicit medicines most frequently indicated in arthritis. Objectives: To systematically review classical Homeopathic MateriaMedica texts in an attempt to identify and summarize homeopathic remedies for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using primary Homeopathic Materia Medica sources including Hahnemann’s Materia Medica Pura, Allen’s Encyclopaedia of Pure Materia Medica, Boericke’s Pocket Manual of Materia Medica, Clarke’s Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica, Kent’s Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica, and Phatak’s Materia Medica. Remedies were taken into account if they outlined ≥3 arthritisspecific symptoms (pain, swelling, stiffness, deformity, modalities). Remedies in which there were vague or general musculoskeletal mentions without anything specific were excluded. The data were systematically extracted and tabled by remedy name, keynotes, modalities, and indications. The review proceeded as per PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic review. Results: 120 remedies were scrutinized in all; 35 showed strong relevance to arthritis, and 15 remedies were shortlisted for critical analysis. The most indicatively advised remedies included Rhus toxicodendron, Bryonia alba, Causticum, Kali carbonicum, Colchicum autumnale, Guaiacum, Ledum palustre, Actaea spicata, and Arnica montana. These remedies all showed characteristic modalities and keynote symptoms reflecting RA or OA symptoms. Conclusion: This systematic review of Materia Medica reveals there are several remedies with common indications for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis. Bryonia and Rhus tox were most commonly indicated, and Causticum and Kali Carb most resembled chronic progressive deformity and stiffness. There is good theory based upon this Materia Medica, but clinical trials would have to be performed to establish these findings as evidence-based practice inclusion.
Dr VP Thirulogasundaram, Mohankumar R
The rapid growth of the Information Technology (IT) sector in South India has brought unprecedented opportunities, but also increased challenges related to work–family conflict among employees. This study investigates the impact of Human Resource (HR) interventions and AI-driven workplace practices on managing work–family conflict in IT organizations. HR interventions such as strategic objective formulation, performance evaluation systems, career development, employee coaching, diversity and inclusion management, and workplace wellness initiatives play a pivotal role in supporting employee well-being and productivity. Simultaneously, AI-driven workplace practices, including automation of routine tasks and intelligent workflow management, help in reducing workload and mitigating stress. Using primary data collected from IT professionals in Bangalore, Hyderabad, and Chennai, along with secondary industry data, the study employs descriptive and inferential statistical methods to examine the relationship between HR interventions, AI adoption, and work–family conflict. Findings indicate that well-implemented HR policies combined with AI-enabled processes significantly reduce work–family conflict and enhance job satisfaction. The study emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach integrating human-cantered interventions with technology-driven efficiencies to promote employee well-being while maintaining organizational performance. These insights offer valuable guidance to IT organizations aiming to create a supportive and productive work environment.
Sitaram Panda, Subhasmita Dash
Women’s empowerment has emerged as a central concern in development discourse; however, the experiences of Scheduled Tribe women in India remain inadequately examined within mainstream empirical research. Positioned at the intersection of gender and social marginalisation, tribal women encounter distinctive socioeconomic constraints that shape their opportunities, agency, and decision-making capacity. This study examines the socio-economic determinants influencing empowerment among Scheduled Tribe women in India, focusing on how variations in education, employment, household economic conditions, and demographic characteristics contribute to differences in empowerment outcomes. Empowerment is conceptualised as a multidimensional construct encompassing economic participation, household decision-making autonomy, and access to resources. The analysis reveals marked disparities in empowerment levels across socio-economic groups, highlighting education and work participation as particularly influential factors. Economic security and household wealth further emerge as significant contributors to women’s agency, while social and demographic factors condition the extent to which empowerment is realised. The findings underline that empowerment among tribal women is not uniform but shaped by layered structural conditions that either enable or constrain individual agency. By highlighting the socio-economic pathways through which empowerment operates, this study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of gendered inequality within tribal communities. The paper offers important insights for policy interventions aimed at advancing inclusive, context-sensitive strategies to enhance the empowerment of Scheduled Tribe women in India.
Risper A. Awuor, Samuel Ngilinshuti
This quantitative research paper examined the significant relationship between leadership traits and church growth among pastors of the Seventh-day Adventist church in Rwanda Union Mission, the renewed focus on leadership traits, and the need for church growth in their spiritual performance in leadership. Consequently, this quantitative research on leadership traits and growth in church ministry. It examines leadership traits, perspectives, and purpose. It also discusses church growth theories, effective communication, pastoral, organizational, and leadership competencies. The results showed that the leadership traits and practices of church leaders were positive in church growth in the effective communication, pastors showed that pastors influence church growth by high mean of 4.18. Further, the church leadership was engaged in church growth practices to a significant extent, such practices included praying, having hope, sharing Adventist beliefs, gaining guidance from spiritual beliefs in times of frustration, and having a clear sense of church growth. Those pastors taking on responsibilities positively influences church growth, with moderate variability (with a standard deviation of 1.05).
Dr. Nithya Prem. S.R, Shalini
The current study investigates the cognitive and moral behavior, as well as the philosophical underpinnings and teacher-student relationships within the Gurukul education system. The aim is to understand the factors that contribute to the growth and development of students in Gurukuls, and to analyze the subsequent impact on their values following enrollment in this traditional education framework. Historically, students received education by residing with their Acharya (teacher), who observed their behavior and facilitated positive changes. While Gurukuls served as the primary centers of learning in ancient times, the modern educational landscape is characterized by numerous formal institutions. Today’s education systems tend to prioritize examination outcomes and standardized measures, contrasting with the Gurukul model, which emphasizes value-based education while adapting to contemporary educational requirements. The Gurukul education system, rooted in culture and values, remains distinct from modern approaches that often overlook these elements. Essential features of the Gurukul system foster an environment where students can engage deeply with their studies and their surroundings. The guru-disciple relationship, built on trust and respect, allows for personalized attention and individualized learning experiences, catering to each student's unique strengths and challenges. Moreover, Gurukuls prioritize moral and ethical education as intrinsic components of both the curriculum and daily activities. This system emphasizes not only academic achievement but also the cultivation of virtues such as honesty, compassion, and respect for others. Additional elements like yoga, cultural activities, and physical exercises are integrated into daily schedules, ensuring that education extends beyond mere textbooks. This holistic approach aims to cultivate well-rounded individuals who make positive contributions to society. Gurukuls are currently struggling to survive. In this situation, the government should take concrete steps to significantly contribute to preserving Vedic education, culture, and the revered values of Gurukuls.This exploration aims to enrich the existing literature on traditional education, offering invaluable insights for policymakers and educational planners, and encouraging a deeper reflection on the significance of such practices in contemporary educational discourse.
Roly Anne De Jesus Catangui
This case study investigates the community perception and preparedness regarding flooding in the urban areas of Barangay San Roque, San Miguel, and San Francisco in Iriga City, Camarines Sur. The research was prompted by the extreme rainfall and unanticipated flooding caused by Typhoon Kristine in late 2024, which left some families trapped on roofs and faced significant livelihood losses. The study aimed to identify existing preparedness practices, uncover local challenges, and offer recommendations to enhance community resilience. The methodology involved a survey and in-depth interviews with a total of 45 residents and 30 barangay officials across the three locations. Findings revealed a high level of risk awareness, with over 92% of respondents in San Francisco and San Roque acknowledging their vulnerability to floods. While heavy rainfall was cited as the primary cause of flooding, residents also recognized the roles of climate change, poor drainage systems, and proximity to rivers and creeks. At the household level, preparedness is robust: most residents have lived in their barangays for over a decade and have developed specific survival strategies. These include safekeeping appliances prior to floods , shutting off power supplies , and maintaining "GO Bags" for emergencies. Furthermore, there is high awareness of early warning signals and local emergency plans, largely attributed to the effective use of social media and public address systems, or bandillo. From an institutional perspective, the barangay councils were found to be well-prepared, having established BDRRM Plans and protocols for preemptive and forced evacuations. However, significant gaps remain. The top problems identified by officials include uncooperative residents (96.67%), inadequate transportation, budget constraints, and a lack of specialized equipment like rubber boats. The study concludes that while the three barangays demonstrate strong resilience and readiness, systemic improvements are necessary. It recommends implementing sanctions for uncooperative residents, increasing response budgets, and collaborating with NGOs to build additional evacuation centers and provide more rescue vehicles to better manage future climate-related hazards.
Mbwoge Divine Ngome
Colonialism reshaped societies across Africa, Asia, and the Americas, leaving enduring political, economic, and environmental legacies. While colonial regimes shared certain structural features, their long-term outcomes differed significantly across regions. This article offers a comparative historical analysis of colonialism in Africa and other parts of the world, focusing on development, environmental sustainability, food crises, disease, and political stability after independence. It argues that variations in colonial administrative systems, economic policies, and levels of infrastructural investment contributed to divergent postcolonial trajectories. By situating these differences within the broader historiography of colonial studies, the article demonstrates that colonial legacies were neither uniform nor inevitable, but shaped by specific institutional and environmental contexts.
Eddy Goh Chee Hao, Fatin Nurul Aqilah binti Abdul Hamid, Norhazren Izatie Mohd, Nur Alia Fatihah binti Roslan, Nur Liyana Sahira binti Mohamad Isa, Yee Jian Hao
The construction industry is progressing toward Construction 4.0; however, project-level information management practices remain predominantly reliant on informal communication tools such as messaging applications and email. This misalignment between technological advancement and operational practice results in fragmented information flows, limited traceability, data silos, and reduced coordination efficiency. This study critically evaluates the limitations of decentralized, manual communication approaches and proposes a centralized, cloud-based information management system tailored for the delivery of built environment projects. A comparative analytical approach was adopted, guided by the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), encompassing feasibility assessment, requirements analysis, system design, development modelling, and implementation planning. The evaluation focused on key governance and performance criteria, including accessibility, interoperability, auditability, real-time visibility, and decision-support capability. The findings indicate that manual communication methods contribute to record duplication, delayed information retrieval, constrained managerial oversight, and weakened stakeholder coordination. In contrast, a centralized cloud-based system enhances structured documentation control, integrates project data streams, and provides real-time visibility into work progress, thereby strengthening information governance and enabling evidence-based decision-making. This study contributes to built environment scholarship by positioning project-level information governance as a foundational enabler of Construction 4.0 readiness and by offering a structured framework to support the digital transition in construction project management.
Nannan Yan
With the continuous development and popularization of internet technology, the e-commerce industry has shown a rapid development trend globally. In this context, the culture of e-commerce enterprises has also become a topic of great concern. Corporate culture refers to a common set of values, belief systems, and behavioral norms formed within an enterprise, which is the soul and core competitiveness of the enterprise. Therefore, in-depth research on the characteristics and differences of e-commerce corporate culture statements is of great significance for promoting the healthy development of the e-commerce industry and enhancing enterprise competitiveness. This study is based on the perspective of a three-level organizational culture model, aiming to compare the meta-discourse of corporate culture statements in e-commerce between China and the United States, explore their differences and reasons, and propose how to promote foreign trade through corporate culture strategies, providing important references.
Ansel John C. Secretario, Dr. Junvil A. Insong, John Daryl N. Acas, John Gilbert A. Agawin, Queen A. Marzan
A visible police presence serves as a powerful deterrent to crime and a vital factor in strengthening public confidence in law enforcement. This study aimed to determine the relationship between police omnipresence and the community’s perception of public safety and crime rates. This was conducted in one of the municipalities of Misamis Occidental, where police omnipresence is actively implemented through routine patrols and law enforcement visibility, the study employed a descriptive-correlational research design. A total of 293 residents were purposively selected as respondents. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to measure the levels of perception, and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to determine the strength and direction of relationships among variables. Findings revealed that police omnipresence had a strong positive impact on community perceptions of reduced crime rates and heightened public safety, fostering trust, confidence, and cooperation between the police and the public. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between police omnipresence and both public safety and perceived crime reduction. It was concluded that visible and consistent police presence effectively deter criminal activity and promotes a safer and more cohesive community. It is recommended that the Philippine National Police (PNP) intensify visible patrol operations and strengthen community-oriented policing programs to sustain public trust, enhance perceptions of safety, and further support crime prevention efforts.
Md. Ziaul Hoque
There are many environmental issues happened in Bangladesh from 1971 to 2020. The study rigorously examined these issues together with the significant impact on patterns of internal migration. The study clarified on complex relationship between environmental events and dynamics of internal migration through a nuanced lens and providing insight into environmental vulnerability and human mobility within the socio-economic context of Bangladesh.
Wiston Mbhazima Baloyi
Service delivery presents a considerable challenge on a global scale, impacting the livelihoods and well-being of communities. The increasing demand for public services necessitates that governments not only disburse resources (including financial assets) efficiently, but also monitor their administration. Although protests related to service delivery persist in most emerging economies, such as South Africa, limited efforts have been made to alter the status quo. Furthermore, while the conventional bureaucratic paradigm in the public sector has been linked to corruption, it has also significantly impeded service delivery. This study aims to critically examine the impact of irregular expenditure on service delivery within South Africa. Underpinned by an interpretivist worldview, the research adopts a qualitative methodology through document analysis. In addition to grey literature obtained from government websites, relevant studies (i.e., peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and academic books) were sourced from the Web of Science scholarly database. Findings indicate that factors such as fund mismanagement, non-compliance with laws and regulations, corruption and fraud, and skills deficits obstruct effective service delivery. Moreover, the results suggest strategies for improvement, including enhanced public-sector governance, digitalization of services, and prudent resource deployment and management. This research provides valuable insights into the existing body of knowledge by proposing actionable strategies for governments seeking to enhance service delivery. Policymakers, strategists and decision-makers within the public sector are encouraged to consider the implications of this study for future policy development.
Andam, Alysa Janelyn M, Collado, Jennelyn R, Corpuz, Jelyn A, Daniel P. Ong Jr, Oscar O. Ancheta Jr, Peralta, Benjie P, Villanueva, Mariela F
This study investigated parents’ experiences, perspectives, and decision-making around their children’s earliest exposure to digital technology at home. It investigated what parents thought about their children’s first interactions with digital devices, what variables influenced their choices about what sort of device to buy and how long to use it, and how they believed it would impact their kids’ behavior, learning, and growth. The results demonstrated that parents know both the good and bad things about utilizing technology. A lot of people indicated that digital devices help people learn, get more creative, and get better at things like reading, math, and problem-solving. People were afraid about too much screen time, changes in behavior, not getting enough exercise, and not being able to meet people in person as often. Parents made decisions based on their kids’ ages and stages of development, the content’s appropriateness, their kids’ behavior, family values, and advice from friends or professionals. Parents utilized things like limiting screen time, picking educational content, watching usage, and making sure rules were followed to assess the pros and cons. The study demonstrates that parents think technology is a double-edged sword. It can help kids learn and grow, but they need to use it responsibly, with help, and with parental mediation.
Amanullah Jamalzai
This research investigates the grammatical mechanisms underlying noun declension (inflection) in Pashto, an Eastern Iranian language with distinctive ergative-absolutive alignment. In Pashto morphosyntax, proper nouns and common nouns undergo systematic case marking that has historically posed pedagogical and analytical challenges for both native and non-native learners. This study addresses a critical gap in Pashto grammatical scholarship by demonstrating that temporal categories (tense) do not directly govern noun case assignment. Rather, noun declension is triggered by two principal factors: (1) the presence of adpositions (prepositions and postpositions) that establish syntactic relationships, and (2) the ergative case marking required for subjects of transitive verbs in past perfective constructions. Through a library-based descriptive-analytical methodology drawing on classical and contemporary Pashto grammatical literature, this paper synthesizes existing theoretical frameworks and proposes three operational rules consolidated into a comprehensive 'Golden Rule' for noun declension. The findings reveal that morphological changes in Pashto nouns represent obligatory grammatical requirements rooted in the language's ergative typology, serving to maintain semantic clarity and syntactic coherence. Specifically, feminine nouns ending in /a/ (ـه) shift to /e/ (ـې), while masculine nouns ending in /ay/ (ی) shift to /i/ (ي) when entering the oblique case. The study acknowledges that additional noun classes exist in Pashto whose case behavior requires separate investigation; the scope of this analysis is deliberately limited to the two most pedagogically prominent alternation classes. This analysis provides accessible models for accurate Pashto usage and contributes to broader linguistic typology by offering empirical evidence of ergativity in contemporary Indo-Aryan and Eastern Iranian languages, with significant implications for language education and computational linguistics.
Alishah Raza, Aliza Rehman, Henna A. Qureshi, M. Usman Siddiqui, Maham Mughal, Maheen Laraib, Maleeha Qureshi, Musfirah Mobashar, Zaima Rasheed, Zarak Ahmad Jan Khan
In an era of innovative technology and demand for students to be exemplary candidates for employment, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) face the challenge of preparing their students academically, psychosocially, and professionally for the labour market. As a result, the faculty stands as the main source of guidance towards achieving the required level of holistic development. This study explores the perception of coaching and mentoring in Pakistani HEIs from the perspective of faculty, specifically, the current state of coaching and mentoring in Pakistani HEIs, how faculty provide coaching and mentoring, the challenges they face, and the recommendations they would provide. A sample of 4 faculty members from HEIs in Islamabad from the STEAM fields was selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data and were analyzed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. The findings revealed that while faculty are always available to coach and mentor their students, they face challenges that prevent them from guiding their students to their full potential. Based on the findings, the study also proposes recommendations to enable faculty to engage in these practices more meaningfully.
Ngu Nkwah Bertrand
The linguistic landscape of Cameroon is entrained with pluralities of languages. Official languages (English and French), lingua francas (Cameroon pidgin English and camfranglaise) and more than 300 national languages. This study investigates the linguistic landscape of Cameroon and how telecommunication companies (MTN and Orange) reach their consumers and build consumption preferences. MTN uses English which attracts more of English speakers in consuming their services while Orange uses French ton attract French speakers. The research design is descriptive. The simple random sampling was adopted in data collection. A total of 700 advertisements on all languages used were collected between 2000 to 2025 and analyzed. Sources of data are billboards, internet web pages, flyers and Cameroon tribune news papers. The analytical method employed is the approach of Linguistic landscape by Backhaus (2005). Quantitatively, the ads were counted and quantified to see the effects of language choice on consumers preferences. Results reveal that from 2000 to 2022 MTN used more of English language in their advertisements and Orange more of French. The outcome was more Anglophones consuming MTN products and a similar higher consumption of Orange products by Francophones. This study recommends the increase usage of the lingua francas by these companies since the illiterate classes are left out. Also, these lingua francas should be englobed in the language policy by the state. Code switching and mixing are recommended to these companies, they can attract consumers in purchasing. This study contributes in providing knowledge on communication and marketing strategies to companies who need to venture into the Cameroon market.
Noor Faiza M. Ja’afar
The global fight against money laundering and terrorist financing (AML/CFT) faces escalating challenges from digital assets, offshore finance, and increasingly sophisticated criminal networks. For jurisdictions such as Malaysia, a dynamic financial hub with significant Islamic finance and offshore sectors, these evolving threats intersect with governance vulnerabilities, as illustrated by the 1MDB scandal. Beyond compliance concerns, this context raises a broader regulatory governance question: how can AML/CFT systems sustain effectiveness amid institutional complexity, technological disruption, and competing normative demands? This narrative literature review synthesises and critically evaluates scholarly research on Malaysia’s AML/CFT frameworks to move beyond compartmentalised, sector-specific analysis. Drawing on legal, qualitative, and policy-oriented studies, the review integrates six interconnected themes, including the limitations of asset recovery tools, cross-border crypto and offshore risks, the dual role of technology, sector-specific vulnerabilities, systemic governance failures, and tensions between enforcement efficiency and fundamental rights. The analysis finds that regulatory effectiveness is not determined by any single legal or technological instrument. Rather, it emerges from alignment across three interdependent layers: foundational governance architecture, operational enforcement mechanisms, and normative institutional principles. Misalignment across these dimensions generates systemic vulnerability, even where formal compliance structures exist. The study contributes a multi-layered governance alignment model that conceptualises AML/CFT resilience as a dynamic institutional outcome. It calls for synchronised legal, technological, and institutional reform and highlights the need for interdisciplinary empirical research to examine cross-sectoral threat flows and enforcement trade-offs.
Amirul Syahmi Mosni, Asiah Amal, Kevina Wong Xiang Hua, Mohamad Iman Dihyauddin Ismail, Siti Najihah Jamal
The Mole Concept, Chemical Formula, and Chemical Equation are consistently identified as challenging topics in secondary school chemistry due to their abstract representations and mathematical complexity, often resulting in low student engagement and conceptual difficulties. This pilot study examined the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of TriChem, a hybrid game-based learning tool integrated within the 5E instructional model, in enhancing students’ interest and conceptual understanding of mole-related concepts. A one-group pretest–posttest design was implemented with 19 Form 4 students in a Malaysian secondary school. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and reliability analysis (Cronbach’s α = 0.880). Post-intervention results showed increases in mean interest scores (4.04 to 4.31) and engagement scores (4.25 to 4.66). Qualitative feedback indicated reduced calculation-related anxiety and improved conceptual reasoning. Although limited by its small sample size, the findings suggest that TriChem demonstrates promising feasibility and pedagogical value, warranting further large-scale investigation.
Chen Yanjie, Mohd Nizam Nasrifan, Wang Huandong
With the advancement and development of history, the trumpet, as an accompanying and supporting instrument in musical works, has gradually begun to be emphasized by composers, and a large number of musical works in which the trumpet plays a major role have emerged. However, the interpretation and performance of trumpet works in different musical periods are different. Interpretation is very important in music performance, it is about how the performer presents the elements of tempo, dynamics, articulation and timbre during the performance. This study focused on analyzing the interpretation and performance of selected musical works from different periods using modern trumpet. This paper is a reflection of a Practice Based Research which focusses on interpretation and performance on selected compositional work. Based on the series of practice, researcher found that the using of articulation, dynamics, and the adjustment and utilization of breath and the strengthening of endurance in performance in. Based on the study orientation, together with the literature references, the researcher developed personal inspirations and experiences. This study has been an attempt to offer relevant advice and enlightenment to other trumpet players in their learning process.
Nansamba Maureen, Nwanesi Peter Karubi, Poline Bala
This study explores the lived experiences of market women engaging with microfinance institutions in Kampala, Uganda, with particular attention to how microfinance shapes economic empowerment, household dynamics, and social relations. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, the study draws on in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews conducted with 20 market women operating in urban markets across Kampala. The findings reveal that access to microfinance enhances women’s ability to expand businesses, contribute to household welfare, and participate in community networks, thereby strengthening their sense of agency and social recognition. However, these gains are tempered by significant challenges, including rigid repayment schedules, limited financial literacy, and persistent gendered expectations that place disproportionate domestic and economic burdens on women. The study demonstrates that microfinance operates as both an enabling and constraining force in women’s lives. It concludes that women’s empowerment through microfinance is deeply relational and context-specific, calling for more flexible, gender-sensitive microfinance policies that integrate financial services with social support and empowerment-oriented interventions.
Audrina Shirley Norbert, Azilah Baddiri, Mark Cyril Francis, Nur Fadilah Darmansah, Nurakmal A@Goh
Introduction: Virtual Reality (VR) possesses transformative capabilities for safety management, facilitating risk-free immersive training and the modelling of dangerous scenarios. Notwithstanding global adoption, implementation in Malaysia is still in its infancy. This study quantifies the particular obstacles impeding VR integration for occupational safety in Malaysian high-risk industries.
Amar Badiuzzaman Bin Md Yazed, Hanifah Jambari, Sharifah Maryam Syed Azman
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) plays a crucial role in equipping learners with relevant technical competencies in industry and employability skills. This review aims to identify and analyse effective models of teaching that enhance skills mastery among TVET students. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, 10 studies published between 2020 and 2025 were examined from reputable databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect and Emerald Insight. The analysis revealed five dominant teaching models applied in TVET context which is Competency-Based Education and Training (CBET), Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Experiential Learning, Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), and Blended Learning. Findings indicate that effective teaching models share key elements including active learning strategies, integration of employability and soft skills, clearly defined learning objectives and competency outcomes, supportive instructor facilitation and continuous assessment and feedback for mastery. Among these, CBET emerged as the most effective model due to its direct alignment with Malaysia’s National Occupational Skills Standards (NOSS) underscore performance-based assessment and job readiness. The study concludes that integrating multiple models, supported by continuous curriculum review, professional development and industry collaboration can optimized skills mastery and enhance TVET graduate’s employability.
Hartoyo, Muhammad Amin-Nul Aiman Anuar, Muhammad Haziq Mazlan, Muhammad Ikhwan Hafiz Bahrum, Rosnawati Buhari, Saifullizam Puteh, Zunuwanas Mohamad
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) has significantly transformed industrial practices, generating an urgent demand for a workforce equipped with advanced digital, technical, and cognitive competencies. In response to this transformation, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), particularly through Work-Based Learning (WBL), has emerged as a strategic mechanism to bridge the gap between academic preparation and industry requirements. This paper presents a comprehensive review of IR4.0 talent development within academic programmes implementing WBL in Malaysian polytechnics. The review synthesises global and national perspectives on TVET and WBL, with particular emphasis on policy directions, implementation models, and competency alignment in the context of IR4.0. Using a structured narrative review approach, this study examines international best practices from countries such as Germany, Australia, and Singapore, alongside Malaysia’s TVET Policy 2030 and the Transformasi Politeknik 2023-2030 agenda. The analysis highlights how WBL contributes to graduate employability by integrating theoretical learning with authentic workplace experience, thereby fostering technical proficiency, adaptability, and industry readiness. Findings indicate that Malaysian polytechnics have made significant progress in embedding WBL across engineering, technology, business, and creative disciplines, supported by industry partnerships and curriculum co-development. However, the review also identifies persistent challenges, including uneven industry participation, regional disparities in training quality, and the absence of a standardised IR4.0 talent framework to guide WBL implementation. These challenges risk limiting the effectiveness of WBL in fully addressing IR4.0 workforce demands. The paper concludes by emphasising the need for a structured and validated IR4.0 Talent Excellence framework to strengthen curriculum alignment, standardise competency development, and enhance industry-academia collaboration. Such an approach is essential to ensure that Malaysian polytechnic graduates are not only employable but also resilient and competitive in the rapidly evolving IR4.0 landscape.
Gilanie Rose L. Alfeche, Jeanilyn T. Muico, Loudette D. Nuñez, Ma. Veronica A. Imbo
This single-case study investigates the effectiveness of disaster risk preparedness programs at UM Panabo College, with particular emphasis on the role of the Safety and Security Office (SSO) and other personnel. The study examines how organized safety training, resource availability, and inclusive education contribute to students’ resilience and readiness for disasters. Key findings reveal that training selected participants in safety drills equips them to assist their peers, fostering a culture of safety and shared responsibility. The presence of disaster preparedness resources, including comprehensive emergency equipment, CCTV systems, and fire alarms, enhances the school’s capacity to respond effectively during crises. The program emphasizes practical experience, enabling students to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world emergency scenarios. Designated safety personnel, such as the SSO, PPMGS, and Red Cross Youth, play critical roles in mentoring and leading students, with more experienced individuals demonstrating greater confidence and decision-making ability during emergencies. Emergency preparedness education in schools equips students with vital life-saving skills that can be applied both within the school environment and in their families and communities. Hands-on involvement of trained responders provides students with realistic, experiential learning opportunities, reinforcing knowledge through practice. Collectively, these findings highlight that collaboration, consistent and clear training, and ongoing improvement efforts are essential for cultivating a safe, resilient, and prepared learning environment.
Mukesh Kumar, Saubhagya Ranjan Padhi
The aim of this study is to analyse the Educational Attainment among the Baiga Tribe in Mandla District, Madhya Pradesh. Purposive sampling was used in this study; 300 people were selected from different villages in Mandla District, Madhya Pradesh. The sample was also divided by age and gender. A descriptive survey-based design was used in this study. The findings suggested that the education of Baiga tribal people faces multiple socio-economic and institutional challenges, as reflected in a survey of 300 students. Poverty (50 students) emerges as the most significant barrier, limiting access to education due to financial constraints and forcing children into labour or household responsibilities (40 students). Additionally, difficulty in understanding subjects or language (35 students) presents an academic challenge, while early marriage (25 students) disproportionately affects female students, leading to premature school dropout. The lack of infrastructure in schools (30 students) and inadequate hostel facilities (30 students) further exacerbate accessibility issues. Teacher-related concerns, including insufficient guidance (25 students) and frequent teacher absenteeism (30 students), contribute to declining student engagement. Student disinterest (35 students), influenced by an uninspiring curriculum and limited parental support, is another critical factor. The literacy and dropout data reveal alarming trends: 28% of Baiga children remain illiterate, while 39.6% drop out at the primary and middle levels. Enrolment sharply declines beyond secondary education: only 6.3% reach higher secondary education, and even fewer pursue graduation (3%) or higher studies (0.3%). The findings underscore the urgent need for policy interventions, including financial support, improved school infrastructure, teacher training, and culturally relevant education programs, to bridge these educational gaps and enhance learning opportunities for Baiga children.
Boris Latinović
This article explores literature in the age of artificial intelligence as a site where technology, power, and human imagination converge and quietly collide. It advances a sociological inquiry into how algorithmic systems reshape authorship, authority, and the production of meaning. Artificial intelligence is not treated merely as a tool but as a structural actor within the literary field, reconfiguring symbolic capital, institutional hierarchies, and the boundaries between creator and creation. Drawing on theories of cultural production and social systems, the study examines how machine learning models alter narrative form, aesthetic evaluation, and the circulation of texts. It argues that literature is entering a phase in which authorship becomes distributed, creativity hybridized, and interpretation increasingly mediated by computational infrastructures. Beneath the surface of efficiency and innovation lies a deeper transformation of epistemic power. Who speaks when a text is generated by an algorithm trained on collective memory. Who owns imagination when data becomes the raw material of culture. The article situates these questions within broader trajectories of digital modernity, considering both emancipatory potentials and new regimes of control. It proposes that literature remains a critical arena for negotiating human agency in technologically saturated societies. Rather than announcing the end of the human author, the analysis suggests a redefinition of literary subjectivity, one that reflects shifting configurations of knowledge, authority, and social legitimacy. In this emerging epoch, literature becomes a diagnostic instrument of civilizational change, revealing not only what we create with machines, but what we are becoming through them.
Simona Michelon
International cooperation in education is increasingly shaped by geopolitical instability, digital transformation, and the proliferation of multilevel educational ecosystems. Traditional hierarchical governance arrangements struggle to ensure credible commitments, equitable participation, and adaptive coordination across global and local contexts. This paper proposes a polycentric star-shaped governance model as a first conceptual and exploratory framework for rethinking international educational cooperation. Grounded in Barro and Gordon’s theory of policy credibility, Ostrom’s principles of collective action, multilevel governance, and global public goods theory, the model distinguishes between institutional cooperation at the centre and collaborative dynamics across territorial nodes. Through analytical formalization and applied governance scenarios, the paper clarifies operational implications while explicitly addressing power asymmetries and governance tensions. The model is positioned as a conceptual architecture designed to strengthen credibility, reciprocity, and adaptive coordination in the governance of education as a global common good.
Dr. Rohayu Mohd Yunos, Muhammad Irfan Mokhtar, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Nur Alyani Khairol Anuar, Nurul Hijah Jasman
Writers do not work in solitude when they go through the composing process. Studies have shown that writers go through a cognitive activity while they write. Academic writing is an act of communication between several parties. Firstly, the writer communicates with the writers of the text used as their content. Next, the writer communicates with the reader (audience) who would be reading the completed text. Social interaction can also act as a catalyst that mediates between the writer and the reader. This current study aims to explore the extension of the cognitive writing theory to be mediated by social interaction. This study is done to (i) extend the model of cognitive process in writing and (ii) extend the model with a mediation of social interaction. 177 participants were chosen for this study. The instrument used was a survey on writing strategies converted to comply with the chosen constructs in the model. Data collected is analysed using SmartPLS. Data analysis is done at two levels: the measurement and structural model. The first stage is the measurement model, which measures the outer model. The second stage is the structural model, which measures the inner model. The analyzed data is used to answer the research questions and also to confirm the model chosen. Findings revealed partial mediation of Social Interaction on the Composing Process. Specifically, only the Translation stage show small effect of mediation. The results of this study bear pedagogical implications for the teaching of the composing process and the need to include social interaction as a form of audience significance.
Nabila Eizati Komarudin, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Nur Ashiquin C. Alih, Shabina Kumari Subramaniam, Siti Syairah Fakhruddin
Grit, defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, together with motivation have been increasingly recognised as a key non-cognitive factor influencing learners’ sustained effort in learning and in the long run, academic success. Despite the acknowledged importance of grit, motivation, and self-regulated learning, undergraduates’ ability to sustain these constructs is often constrained by personal stressors and heavy academic workloads, which can challenge even highly capable learners. Hence, this study was set out to examine the influence of grit on learners’ motivational beliefs and self-regulated learning strategies. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from learners through a set of questionnaires with 4 sections focusing on different variables namely demography, grit, motivational beliefs and self-regulated learning strategies with a total of 45 items. A total of 116 respondents participated in the study. The findings revealed moderate consistency of interest, and difficulty sustaining long-term focus. In addition, the analysis also shows generally positive motivational beliefs among learners and strong intrinsic value toward learning. In terms of self-regulated learning strategy, the cognitive and behavioural domains were shown to be moderate to highly used by the learners. Lastly, it was revealed that grit has a high significant association with learners’ motivational beliefs and their use of self-regulated learning strategies. The findings suggest that grit plays an important role in fostering positive motivational dispositions and effective learning behaviours. This study contributes to the expanding body of research on non-cognitive factors in education and highlights the importance of nurturing grit to support learners’ motivation and self-regulated learning.
Chua Sin Nee, Fuziah Ismail, Muhammad Daniel bin Muhamad Subri, Ng Shi Chun, Norhazren Izatie Mohd, Oh Jia Min, Ong Yi Ying
This study investigates the critical cybersecurity vulnerabilities in construction organizations that manage sensitive project data. The primary weakness identified was reliance on consumer-grade digital tools and single-factor authentication, which exposed the organization to phishing attacks, credential compromise, and unauthorized data access. Although prior research has highlighted the risks of digital transformation in the construction sector, a clear gap remains in the practical integration of unified cybersecurity platforms into operational workflows. A System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology was adopted to evaluate existing security processes, identify system deficiencies, and define technical requirements. Based on this assessment, the study proposed the structured implementation of Microsoft 365 Business Premium as a centralized cybersecurity framework. Key components included AI-driven email threat protection via Defender for Office 365, secure cloud governance through OneDrive and SharePoint, and enforcement of multi-factor authentication. The findings indicate that transitioning from fragmented “Shadow IT” practices to an integrated enterprise-level security environment significantly reduces the likelihood of account compromise and enhances operational transparency. The study offers a scalable, practical framework for strengthening data protection and safeguarding decision-making integrity in construction organizations. Implementing enterprise-grade cybersecurity controls is essential to sustaining client trust and ensuring project continuity in an increasingly digital operating environment.
Irma Wahyuny Ibrahim, Noor Hanim Rahmat*
This systematic literature review (SLR) examines academic writing among academicians with a specific focus on the challenges encountered and the solutions proposed within higher education contexts. Academic writing is a core scholarly practice that directly influences research productivity, professional identity, and knowledge dissemination; however, many academicians continue to experience persistent difficulties that hinder effective scholarly communication. Despite growing research on academic writing, existing studies remain fragmented, often addressing isolated aspects of writing challenges without offering an integrated synthesis of challenges and solutions. To address this gap, the present review systematically synthesizes recent empirical evidence on academic writing challenges and support mechanisms among academicians. Guided by the PRISMA protocol, a comprehensive search was conducted using two major databases, Scopus and Web of Science. Advanced searching strategies were applied using four key thematic keyword clusters: (1) cognitive and linguistic challenges, (2) lack of confidence, (3) ethical issues, and (4) solutions and support mechanisms. Inclusion criteria were limited to peer-reviewed journal articles published in English within a defined recent timeframe. Following identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and quality appraisal procedures, 18 primary studies were retained for qualitative synthesis. The analysis revealed four dominant themes. Cognitive and linguistic challenges emerged as the most frequently reported obstacles, encompassing difficulties in critical thinking, genre conventions, source integration, and language proficiency. Issues related to confidence and sense of belonging were closely linked to academic identity formation and writing motivation. Ethical concerns, particularly plagiarism awareness and responsible use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, represented an increasingly prominent challenge. In response, pedagogical and institutional supports, including academic literacies approaches, writing communities, mentoring, and structured publication guidance, were identified as key solutions. Overall, the review highlights academic writing as a multidimensional and socially situated practice and underscores the need for coordinated pedagogical and institutional strategies to support sustainable academic writing development among academicians.
Halimah Binti Mohd Yusof, Nur Tasha Idayu Binti Yusoff
This systematic literature review aims to provide a comprehensive review of empirical studies on the relationship between Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and work engagement with organizational insights. LMX describes the quality of the relationship between leaders and their subordinates and has been widely recognized as a key antecedent of work engagement that is considered as a vital factor influencing employee performance and overall organizational success. Drawing on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, two major electronic databases, Scopus and Web of Sciences (WoS) were used to identify relevant studies. The articles were screened and selected according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a total of 17 studies being reviewed. From the findings, it shows that LMX plays a crucial role in enhancing employees’ work engagement, although the strength or how it affects this relationship differs across sectors and cultural contexts.
Arihasnida Ariffin, Salmie Ramli
Creative teaching plays an important role in enhancing the teaching and learning of mathematics by fostering students’ engagement, flexibility of thinking, and meaningful understanding. Teachers are encouraged to adopt creative teaching approaches to support students’ interest and creative thinking in mathematics classrooms. However, despite the growing attention to creative teaching, the literature remains fragmented in terms of how creative teaching approaches in mathematics education are conceptualised and reported. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature to identify and synthesise the creative teaching approaches reported in mathematics education. This study employed a systematic literature review following established review procedures. Articles were retrieved from two leading academic databases, namely Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 40 empirical studies published within the selected time frame were included for analysis. The selected studies were analysed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and similarities in the reported creative teaching approaches. The findings reveal that creative teaching approaches in mathematics education can be synthesised into five major themes: technology-enhanced and AI-supported teaching, student-centred and inquiry-oriented learning, problem-solving and conceptual understanding approaches, project-based and STEAM/STEM-oriented learning, and visual, manipulative, and context-based learning. Among these, technology-enhanced and student-centred approaches were the most frequently reported in the literature. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis of creative teaching approaches in mathematics education and highlights prevailing trends and gaps in the existing literature. The findings offer valuable insights for educators, researchers, and curriculum developers in understanding how creative teaching is currently enacted in mathematics classrooms and suggest directions for future research on creative pedagogy in mathematics education.
Audrina Shirley Norbert, Azilah Baddiri, Cho Ken Ying, Norazlin Janius, Nur Fadilah Darmansah
Background: Effective maintenance management implementation are critical for ensuring patient safety, equipment availability, and operational efficiency in public hospitals. Despite growing recognition of their importance, significant gaps persist in standardized practices, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Aim: This systematic review examines contemporary the challenges and implication of maintenance management practices in hospital settings globally, with specific focus on identifying evidence-based strategies applicable to Sabah’s public hospitals. The study synthesizes empirical evidence from 2020-2026 to inform maintenance technicians and Facilities and Engineering Management Services (FEMS) heads. Methods: A comprehensive literature search across multiple databases identified 893 papers published between 2020-2026. Following systematic screening using the PRISMA 2020 framework and quality appraisal with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists, 30 highly relevant studies were analyzed using descriptive synthesis. Inter-reviewer reliability was established through Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ = 0.84). Key dimensions examined included maintenance strategies, risk assessment frameworks, implementation challenges, competency requirements, and digital transformation initiatives.
Adejumo Lukman Sola, Ajogu Nwonu Orji, Akingbade Babatunde Richard, Ariyo Wole John, Victor Iyanoye
Mechanical seal failure is a significant cause of unplanned downtime in centrifugal pumps used in large water and process industries, particularly where reliance on imported original equipment manufacturer (OEM) spare parts results in extended procurement lead times. This paper presents an industrial case study on the emergency in-situ restoration of a damaged stationary ceramics mechanical seal face in an ultrafiltration (UF) backwash pump (Tag: 50-P-007B, capacity 1100 m³/hr) at Dangote Fertiliser Limited, Nigeria. Following seal face chipping and the unavailability of replacement components with OEM lead times of 6–18 weeks, an epoxy-based composite material (M-Seal) was used as a contingency repair. The repair methodology involved controlled surface preparation, epoxy composite application to rebuild the sealing interface, finishing to restore functional flatness, and a monitored 24-hour curing period before recommissioning. On start-up, leakage ceased completely within minutes of operation. The pump was subsequently monitored under normal UF backwash operating conditions. Field evidence confirms that the repaired seal remained in continuous service for over four years without observable leakage, abnormal wear, or performance degradation. A comparative economic assessment indicates substantial reductions in downtime duration and maintenance cost relative to OEM seal replacement. The study demonstrates that controlled epoxy-based restoration of stationary mechanical seal faces can provide a reliable and cost-effective contingency maintenance strategy for benign water-based services, enhancing equipment availability and operational resilience under supply-chain constraints.
Annalyn C. Manolong, Chrismark O. Principe, Erap L. Ordaneza, Lpt, Maed-Elt, Janien L. Balmores, Jenica G. Cabras, Jerlyn C. Llorinte, Marjun A. Salizon, Ronald D. Manolong, Lpt, Maed-Elt
This action research investigated the impact of using cube-based activities on developing the Filipino vocabulary of 1st graders in Casa Amazing Grace School. The researcher followed a dual-method approach in this research. The research used quantitative analysis for pre-test and post-test scores exercises, using descriptive statistics and a t-test, revealed a significant positive effect of the intervention. The participants of the study represented (24) male and female pupils. After conducting the pre-test and post-test, the researcher analyzed the collected data by using qualitative data, along with the quantitative pre-test and post-test results. The computed mean score increased from 7.43 in the pretest to 9.48 in the post-test, showing a notable improvement in academic performance. The standard deviation also decreased from 1.72 to 0.75, indicating that the post-test scores were more consistent across the group. Furthermore, the paired-samples t-test yielded a t-value of 7.10 with a p-value of 0.0001, which is far below the conventional threshold of 0.05. This result strongly suggests that the observed improvement is not due to random chance but rather to the effectiveness of the intervention. Therefore, it can be concluded that the intervention had a statistically significant and positive impact on the pupils’ academic outcomes. The use of cube-based activities was anchored on Multiple Intelligences Theory, which emphasizes that children learn in different ways — linguistic, visual-spatial, kinesthetics, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. The qualitative analysis further supported these findings. Thematic analysis of observational notes and teacher reflections revealed four key themes: strengthens reading fluency, builds Filipino vocabulary, promotes enjoyable and collaborative learning, and enhances instructional strategies. These themes underscore how the intervention not only improved vocabulary skills but also fostered a more interactive, supportive, and effective classroom environment.
Christhoffer P. Lelis, Gwendolyn S. Morales
Academic self-efficacy, digital stress, and academic resilience are important constructs in guidance and counseling, yet their relationships remain underexplored. This study employed a cross-sectional quantitative design to examine the associations among academic self-efficacy, digital stress, and academic resilience among undergraduate students. The sample consisted of 103 students enrolled in private colleges in Davao City, Philippines. Data were collected using the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASE), Digital Stress Scale (DSS), and Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30). Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships and estimate the extent to which academic self-efficacy and digital stress statistically predicted academic resilience. Results indicated that academic self-efficacy was positively associated with academic resilience (r = .32, p < .001), whereas digital stress was negatively associated with academic resilience (r = −.32, p < .001). These findings highlight the importance of strengthening academic self-efficacy and addressing digital stressors to support students’ adaptive functioning in higher education contexts.
Saleh Ali Abdalla Mubarak, Sofian Rosbi
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is at the forefront of integrating digital transformation within its construction sector, particularly emphasizing sustainable development. The convergence of digital tools, Agile project management methodologies, and sustainable construction practices is reshaping how contractors approach project execution. This paper will explore the Acceptance of Digital Transformation for Agile Project Management among Contractors of Sustainable Facilities in UAE. The construction industry is undergoing a rapid digital transformation, with agile project management (APM) methodologies playing a crucial role in enhancing efficiency, adaptability, and sustainability. This study explores the acceptance and adoption of digital transformation tools among contractors managing sustainable facilities in the UAE. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, the research identifies key factors influencing contractors' willingness to integrate digital technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Artificial Intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and Internet of Things (IoT) into agile project management frameworks. To augment and substantiate the existing body of research, this study endeavors to empirically validate the proposed conceptual framework and hypotheses. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and construction firms seeking to enhance digital transformation strategies, ensuring more efficient and sustainable project execution in the UAE’s evolving construction landscape.
Esabel Maisiri, Godwin Dzangare, Thabo Ayibongwe Gulu
This study examines access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information among adolescent girls in the Sipepa Community, Tsholotsho District, Zimbabwe, from which there were high rates of early teenage pregnancy at the time of the study. Using Buckland’s six factors of information access, a qualitative cross-sectional design was employed to gain deeper insights into the research question. Teachers and health workers were selected purposively for the study, because they were mandated to provide SRH services to the target population. The study ascertained that SRH information was moderately available. Various organisations and programmes were named as the pathways in availing SRH information to the adolescent girls in the Sipepa Community. In spite of this, adolescent girls in the community still struggled to effectively access SRH information. The information resources packaged in a foreign language (English) and inadequately focused SRH programmes were among the causal factors of this inability to effectively access SRH information. Therefore, the study recommends that SRH information providers be trained to be culturally sensitive when delivering SRH education, senior students be empowered to mentor peers, and community awareness initiatives at health facilities be enhanced to meet the community’s information needs.
Lee Bih Ni
This study examines the effectiveness of offline e-learning models in improving access to education in remote primary schools with limited or no internet connectivity. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative survey data from students and teachers with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews and classroom observations to provide a comprehensive evaluation of learning outcomes, engagement levels, and instructional practices. Probability sampling techniques ensured representative participation, while validated instruments with acceptable reliability coefficients supported data accuracy. Quantitative findings were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with confidence intervals, and qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and contextual challenges. The results indicate that well-designed offline digital resources enhance student participation, self-directed learning, and academic performance when supported by trained teachers and adequate infrastructure. However, limitations related to device availability, technical maintenance, and teacher preparedness remain significant barriers. The study highlights the importance of integrating pedagogical training, systematic monitoring, and policy support to strengthen offline e-learning implementation. These findings contribute to evidence-based strategies for reducing educational disparities and promoting inclusive learning in underserved rural and remote communities.
Akingbehin Akinwasola Akinfolarin, Prof. ‘Dare Dickson Ajayi., Victor Nichols Ukpere.
In Nigeria, internally displaced people (IDPs) are challenged by chronic obstacles in getting vital healthcare services despite the existence of various humanitarian and government interventions. This research paper focuses on investigating the spatial distribution, accessibility, and utilisation of healthcare facilities in the IDP camps of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Abuja. Through descriptive research design, GPS data from 31 IDP camps were gathered and assessed using a nearest neighbour analysis. Questionnaire data from 357 IDPs were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Findings indicate that the distribution of IDP camps in the FCT is clustered, with 87 percent of the camps located in the Abuja Municipal Area Council. Healthcare facilities were generally within walking distance generally with the majority of the IDPs taking less than two minutes to arrive at the services, and there was no charge for transport. Although these are geographically close, a number of socio-economic and cultural elements that had a considerable impact on the utilisation of healthcare were evident, such as education, income, gender, perceived need, and cultural norms. The paper also points out discrepancies in the access of services and discrepancies in quality of care among camps. The results indicate the necessity of the specific health measures, enhanced resource distribution, and culturally competent engagement strategies to increase access and use of healthcare services by IDPs in the FCT. Enhancement of primary healthcare provision in camps and targeting social determinants of health have been important to the enhancement of health outcomes among displaced populations.
E. N. I. Hashim, I. L. Ismail, M. Z. A. Chek, Rinda Nariswari, Z. H. Zulkifli
Social protection systems in emerging and middle-income economies are confronting structural actuarial vulnerabilities driven by rapid demographic transition, labour market informality, and evolving occupational risk patterns. This paper develops an integrated research framework to examine two interrelated and financial material liabilities within statutory social insurance schemes: (i) the long-term sustainability and adequacy of survivors’ and invalidity pension programs under accelerated population ageing and shrinking contributor bases, and (ii) the rising actuarial burden of commuting-related occupational accidents characterised by high tail-risk exposure.
Mbwoge Divine Ngome
This study explores how development strategies pioneered by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in the 1930s can be adapted to address Cameroon’s ongoing challenges, such as malaria, food insecurity, weak transportation systems, and slow economic growth. Through historical and comparative analysis, it examines how the TVA used integrated planning combining health initiatives, agricultural reform, electrification, and infrastructure development to transform one of the poorest U.S. regions into a productive economy. The study argues that Cameroon could achieve similar progress by adopting regional, multi-sectoral frameworks that prioritize local participation, environmental management, and infrastructure modernization to promote sustainable development and self-reliance.
Cynthia S. Superable, Grace G. Tizon, Imelda O. Reyes, Juvy M. Vale, Rochelan Lumasag
Curriculum reforms play a vital role in improving educational quality and ensuring that teaching practices remain responsive to learners’ evolving needs. The study investigated the lived experiences of public-school teachers navigating multigrade classrooms amid curriculum reforms. Conducted in selected public schools within the Division of Oroquieta City. The study involved 10 purposively selected teachers who met specific inclusion criteria. Using a single semi-structured interview guide, the study collected detailed narratives on teachers’ experiences, which were analyzed through Moustakas’ (1994) phenomenological method. There were five emerging themes identified in the study, namely: physical and emotional strain in navigating multigrade teaching amid curriculum reforms; classroom space as a dynamic enabler of multigrade teaching and curriculum adaptation; experiencing professional growth and fulfillment through student-centered adaptation; supportive relationship as a key influence in teachers’ adaptation to curriculum reforms; and instructional resources as catalysts for adaptation and creativity in multigrade teaching. The interplay of physical and emotional demands, flexible use of space, student-centered practices, supportive relationships, and creative access to instructional resources shapes teachers’ effective adaptation to curriculum reforms in multigrade classrooms. Schools and education stakeholders may strengthen the implementation of curriculum reforms in multigrade settings by providing sustained professional and wellness support for teachers.
A.P. Dr. Haliyana Binti Khalid, Muhammad Farid Bin Mohamed Yusoff
This study investigates the existing business practices and challenges that women entrepreneurs running MSMEs face in Kuala Lumpur as they transition into adapting to the evolving landscape of business to remain competitive with their peers. Using qualitative research methods, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to elicit respondents’ views on the current business practices. Since many entrepreneurs are influenced to some extent by the changing business model, they do face outstretching challenges, such as a decline in traditional practices plus increased competition posed by e-commerce. Such issues make it hard for most of them to adapt to switching their business models (BMs) into more efficient ones. Therefore, through FGDs, this research managed to explore the readiness of the respondents to embrace the digital transformation. The results reveal key barriers, including lack of skill in digital adaptation, inadequate finances due to declining sales, and cultural reluctance toward digitalization. This research further highlights the alternative scenarios for providing support for the entrepreneurs to confront these critical barriers, such as digital skills training concentrate guidance to help them learn and employ knowledge in digital developments, the amplifying of institutions, plus partnership support initiatives. The main goal is to propose a strategic framework arising from the findings of the study that could offer guidance to women entrepreneurs among MSMEs in Kuala Lumpur in navigating the terrain of digitality. With the setting of physical premises in Kuala Lumpur falling increasingly silent, this study does serve as a significant guide for entrepreneurs to adapt and grow within the new business landscape
Mohamad Aidil Hasim, Muhammad Syazwan Rosli, Nor Azela Md Isa, Nor Fauziana Ibrahim, Nurul Farhana Nasir, Siti Noorahayusolah Kosnandi, Vincent Woo Ming Wei
The integration of artificial intelligence tools in higher education has gained significant attention, particularly in supporting students’ academic activities. This pilot study examines the factors influencing the adoption of ChatGPT as an academic assistance tool among university students. Guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, the study focuses on four key constructs: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. A quantitative research design was employed using a structured survey instrument to collect data from 100 undergraduate students from various faculties at Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling method to ensure that every participant had an equal chance of being selected. The findings aim to identify the significant determinants that influence students’ behavioral intention to adopt ChatGPT in their learning processes. The results indicate that the Cronbach’s alpha values for most of the constructs are above 0.8 and 0.9, which indicate high to very high internal consistency reliability. As a pilot study, the results provide preliminary empirical evidence on technology acceptance in the context of AI-powered learning tools and offer insights for educators, institutions, and policymakers seeking to integrate artificial intelligence technologies effectively into higher education environments.
Afolabi Ibikunle Joseph, Foyeke Beatrice Agbongiaban
This study examines the adoption of Human Resource Accounting (HRA) practices among state-owned and privately managed football clubs in Southwest Nigeria. Using a comparative survey design, primary data were collected from ten football clubs, five state-owned and five privately managed, operating across the six states of Southwest Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered to 78 key personnel. Multiple regression analysis, independent samples t-tests, and chi-square tests were employed to analyse the data. Findings reveal that HRA adoption is at an early and informal stage across all sampled clubs, with privately managed clubs demonstrating significantly higher awareness and partial implementation compared to state-owned clubs (t(76) = -8.13, ρ < .001). The regression model explained 68.1% of variance in HRA adoption (R² = 0.681, F(5,72) = 30.74, ρ < .001), with ownership type (β = 0.521), accounting expertise (β = 0.298), and funding stability (β = 0.187) as the strongest predictors. The study recommends regulatory mandates, capacity building, governance reforms, and international standard adoption to accelerate HRA implementation in Nigerian football.
He Jin
The respondents are predominantly male, adult, and highly experienced aerobics instructors, indicating a mature and skilled group well-equipped to handle the demands of their profession. Aerobics instructors generally perceive themselves as effective in supporting participant autonomy across all dimensions, particularly by explaining activity rationale, providing effort-based feedback, and fostering self-paced learning and initiative, while areas such as shared decision-making and fully acknowledging participant feelings show slight room for improvement. Male instructors perceive themselves as more autonomy-supportive than female instructors, while the number of years of teaching experience does not significantly influence instructors’ self-assessed autonomy-supportive practices. Participants are generally intrinsically motivated to exercise, with motivation driven mainly by a strong sense of accomplishment, persistence despite challenges, enjoyment of activities, personal progress, and self-directed engagement rather than external rewards. Respondents’ sex significantly influences perceptions of participants’ intrinsic motivation, with male instructors consistently rating motivation higher than female instructors, while years of experience do not significantly affect these perceptions, indicating that participants are generally viewed as intrinsically motivated regardless of instructor tenure. Autonomy-supportive instruction has a strong and significant positive influence on participants’ intrinsic motivation, leading to higher enjoyment, persistence, engagement, and sense of accomplishment in exercise activities.
Mohd Azlan Ab Jalil, Mohd Johari Tarmidi, Mohd Sahrul Syukri Yahya, Norainee Mohamed
Housing affordability has emerged as a critical determinant of locational choice, quality of life, and labour market stability among young professionals in rapidly urbanising Malaysian regions. Johor, as a strategic growth corridor bordering Singapore, faces escalating housing costs alongside ambitious state-level affordable housing initiatives such as Rumah Mampu Milik Johor (RMMJ) and selected PR1MA projects. This systematic literature review synthesises empirical and conceptual studies published between 2010 and 2025 on housing affordability and accessibility in Malaysia, young professionals' housing pathways and preferences, and the relationship between housing affordability and talent retention, with particular focus on implications for Johor. Following a PRISMA-informed search strategy, databases including Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Planning Malaysia, Science Direct (SD) and HRMARS were systematically searched using keywords related to "affordable housing", "young professionals", "housing pathways", "labour retention", and "Johor". Twenty-five (25) core studies were identified and thematically analysed, predominantly centred on Greater Kuala Lumpur and Klang Valley, with limited direct evidence from Johor. Theoretically, the review is anchored in housing pathways theory, residual income approaches to affordability, human capital theory, and urban amenity-led retention frameworks. Findings suggest that young professionals face growing affordability gaps despite rising qualifications and income, state schemes such as RMMJ improve nominal access but may not align with young professionals' locational, tenure, and lifestyle preferences, and perceived housing (un)affordability interacts with cross-border employment prospects to shape retention decisions in Johor. This review proposes a conceptual framework linking housing accessibility, perceived life-course security, and young professional retention, and identifies critical gaps relating to Johor-specific empirical evidence, longitudinal research designs, and integrated labour market and housing policy analysis. For policymakers, the findings underscore the need to reframe affordable housing policy not merely as social welfare intervention but as strategic human capital retention infrastructure.
Harihararao Mojjada, Tippanu Jagannadham
The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education is revolutionizing the educational landscape, especially in Library and Information Science (LIS). As technologies such as automation, information retrieval, and research support reshape the makeup of academic libraries, AI literacy has truly become an essential competency for information science practitioners. This paper explores that the drawing on literature and scholarship about the value of AI literacy in higher education, specific details in roles augmenting library services and enhancing user experiences, how to develop AI capabilities, including curriculum, training, ethical issues. The research results are complemented by efforts to address previous concerns regarding algorithmic bias, data privacy, and the resistance of AI adoption. Through a study of best practices and implementation frameworks, this paper seeks to offer a broad comprehension of AI literacy to support LIS professionals as they prepare to navigate the emerging digital landscape.
Faezah Othman, Nor Fauziana Ibrahim, Retno Martanti Endah Lestari
The rapid evolution of Financial Technology (FinTech) has fundamentally transformed retail investment participation worldwide. Digital trading platforms, robo-advisory systems, cryptocurrency exchanges, and AI-driven portfolio applications have increased market accessibility, reduced transaction costs, and accelerated decision-making processes. While traditional behavioral finance literature has extensively examined psychological biases such as anchoring, herding, overconfidence, risk perception, and emotional bias in conventional financial markets, limited conceptual integration exists regarding how these biases manifest within digitally mediated investment ecosystems. This conceptual paper develops a comprehensive framework integrating behavioral finance theory with digital platform characteristics and financial literacy as moderating variable. Drawing upon Prospect Theory, Heuristic Theory, and technology acceptance perspectives, the proposed model positions psychological biases and digital platform features as key determinants of digital investment decision-making, with financial literacy serving as a moderating factor. The framework contributes theoretically by extending cognitive bias analysis into digital financial contexts and practically by providing insights for FinTech developers, financial advisors and financial educators. The study highlights the importance of responsible interface design and digital financial literacy in mitigating bias amplification within FinTech environments.
Dr Lee Yee Lin, Mazlina Binti Mohamed, Prof. Dr Nur Emma Mustaffa, Valerie Voon Kher Yiing
Construction disputes are a commonality in the Malaysian construction industry. Previous researchers found that contractual issues are the main problem in construction disputes. It could also cause project delay, bad workmanship, and cost overruns if the construction contracts are not drafted properly. As such, the construction contract acts as the first security for the rights and responsibilities of the contracting parties. The construction contract in this study is based on general construction contracts, including both the main contract and subcontract, which govern the contractor's liabilities in construction. The researcher indicated that 6 sub-salient elements (Terminology, Lengthening and Consistency, Format and Presentation, Risk Allocation, Statutory Compliance, Completeness of Clauses), and a total of 11 salient elements in the construction contract in literature review which are “Certainty in Scope of Works”, “Terms with Industry Conventions and Shared Meaning”, “Unambiguous Words”, “Plain Language”, “Avoid Long Sentences and Redundant Information”, “Avoid Too Many Cross-references”, “Usage of Headings, Signage and Active Voice”, “Clear Illustration of Procedure and Process”, “Fair Risk Allocation”, “Not Contrary to the Statute”, and “Comprehensive with Essential Clauses”. In addition, an analysis of 14 construction contract-related cases within the Malaysian jurisdiction, identified through Lexis Advance, was conducted to examine the judicial recognition of these salient elements. The findings reveal that the inclusion of comprehensive and essential clauses is the most critical element in drafting an effective construction contract, as expressly stated provisions provide the strongest evidentiary basis for enforcing contractual claims.
Allena, Azriel E., Amar, Redin, A., Ancajas, Joice, S., Andrade, Harez, R., Aninapon, Klaire June A., Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Barriga, Archie D., Cambalon, Kc Jane N., Cuerda, Jobertson C., Pada, Fredlyn Jean E., Pastolero, Jassame M., Ricardo, Angle V., Sion, Ienz Jhon O.
This study assessed the level of critical thinking skills among Senior High School students at Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School as a basis for an instructional intervention. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed, using a validated questionnaire that measured six components of critical thinking: interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. The respondents consisted of 162 Grade 12 students selected through stratified random sampling from a population of 279 students. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and mean. The demographic profile revealed that most respondents were female, aged 16–17 and enrolled in the Computer System Servicing strand. The results showed that the overall level of critical thinking skills was high. All components were rated high, with self-regulation obtaining the highest mean, followed by inference, explanation, interpretation, and evaluation, while analysis obtained the lowest mean score of 3.81. The findings indicate that students demonstrate a high level of critical thinking skills; however, analytical skills require further improvement. Based on the results, an instructional intervention program was proposed to strengthen students’ analytical and problem-solving skills. The study concludes that targeted instructional interventions may further enhance students’ critical thinking skills and support their academic development.
Mpande Sikampandu
This study explored the effectiveness of performance management systems (PMS) in enhancing employee productivity within Lusaka-based organizations, utilizing a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach. The study targeted a diverse population of 1,500 employees and managers from 10 organizations across various industries, selecting a sample size of 300 participants through stratified random sampling. Data collection involved structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to capture perceptions of PMS effectiveness, focusing on aspects such as goal setting, feedback, and employee engagement. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and regression analyses to assess the relationship between PMS and productivity. Qualitative data from interviews underwent thematic analysis, offering insights into the challenges and strategies associated with PMS implementation. The findings revealed key correlations between effective performance management practices and enhanced employee productivity, underscoring the critical role of goal alignment, regular feedback, and employee engagement. Ethical considerations were rigorously upheld, including informed consent, confidentiality, and participants rights to withdraw. By providing actionable recommendations for improving PMS practices, this study contributes to the broader understanding of performance management role in organizational success and offers practical implications for both public and private sector organizations in Lusaka.
Aya T. Gantala, Imie C. Catubig, Marilou Garces, Romulo L. Lanugan, Sheila Mae C. Kaibigan
Fraternity involvement is recognized in our society today. As can be seen, people join fraternity organizations on the basis that members receive a variety of benefits from being a part of them, even though the majority frequently criticize and question the benefits to members as well as the community as a whole from being a part of these kinds of organizations. This study aimed to determine the lived experiences of fraternity members and identify the contributing factors and the roles of fraternities in their success within their involvement in the organizations. The semi-structured interview was conducted with researcher-made guide questions through the snowball sampling method. Results from the gathered data revealed that fraternities render financial assistance to members; they are contrivers of leadership skills to college members; promote brotherhood and sisterhood among members; provide a network as support for college graduate and undergraduate members; improve members' personal development; and support the government's activities in the community. With these results from the gathered data, the researchers suggest using this paper for the general public to be informed, to clear up the tainted thoughts that people have about fraternities, and for people to educate themselves about fraternities for the betterment of the community.
Dhruv Prajapati, Dushyant Chawda, Het Patel, Meet Savaliya
The rapid expansion of e-commerce platforms has increased the demand for intelligent systems that can provide personalized user experiences and data-driven business insights. Traditional e-commerce applications often rely on static product listings and lack integrated analytics, resulting in reduced user engagement and limited decision-making support for administrators. This paper presents an intelligent e-commerce system developed using Java Spring Boot that integrates a recommendation mechanism and an analytics module to enhance both user experience and administrative control. The proposed system supports personalized product suggestions, handles cold-start scenarios using fallback strategies, and provides analytical dashboards for monitoring sales trends and user behavior. A modular and scalable architecture is adopted to ensure maintainability and future extensibility. The system achieves 87% recommendation accuracy and reduces query response time by 35% compared to baseline implementations. Furthermore, the paper discusses the potential integration of AI and machine learning techniques as future enhancements.
Farhana Binti Ghazuddin, Husna Binti Abdul Ahad, Munirah Binti Azrae, Nik Nur Hidayah Binti Bahari, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Sabihah Binti Abdul Kadir
Group work commonly used in educational and organizational context to stimulate collaboration, shared learning and collective problem solving. However, due to differences in behaviors, human belief and social interactions between group members, the outcome of group work may fluctuate. This study aimed to explore group work through social cognitive theory. A quantitative approach was employed with 404 participants from a local university responding to the 5 Likert-scale survey that is rooted from Studnicka (2023) and Bateman, et. al. (2002). In general, learners had positive insight in terms of environmental, behavioral and personal factors. Findings reveal that to build an effective group work, clear goals, clear roles, good teamwork and learner confidence are needed. In conclusion, the finding parallels Social Cognitive Theory by revealing how these factors work together to influence group work. The findings suggest that language teachers should design group work with clear goals, defined roles, and supportive interaction to improve collaboration, learner confidence, and learning outcomes. The findings of this study bear interesting implications in the use of group work in the classroom.
Ahmad Asnawi bin Zamri, Fatin Amirah binti Mohammad Azmi, Mohamed Hafizuddin bin Mohamed Jamrus, Muhammad Hafidzudeen bin Norazizan, Muhammad Hanafi bin Md Zaini, Noor Hanim Rahmat
This study investigates language learning strategies through the lens of ERG theory with the purpose of examining how learners’ motivational needs influence learning strategies in second language acquisition. The theoretical framework is grounded in Alderfer’s ERG model, which emphasizes existence, relatedness, and growth needs as learning motivations. The research investigates how these motivational needs shape learners’ strategic behaviours, as most prior studies have focused on strategy usage without exploring the affecting and external factors. A quantitative survey design was employed with a convenient sample of 78 respondents drawn from different academic fields. The data was collected using a 42-item Likert-scale questionnaire adapted from Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) (Pintrich et. al, 1991). An analysis was conducted using reliability testing and descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that learners perceive existence needs through metacognitive regulation, while growth needs are viewed through cognitive strategies. On the other hand, relatedness needs are perceived through resource management. These findings suggest a strong association of motivation and strategy use. In conclusion, the study suggests that ERG theory provides a valuable framework for understanding language learning strategies and deepens the insights between motivation and strategy use.
Ang Wei Yin, Chee Sie Ching, Lee Ai Chat, Lim Siew Mei, Noor Hanim Rahmat, On Yee Min
Motivation is widely recognised as a key component in successful second language acquisition. However, research on motivation in Mandarin learning has rarely been examined through McClelland's theory in relation to learners' grit and self-regulated learning (SRL). This quantitative study investigates Mandarin learners’ motivational profiles by linking (i) a power-related orientation with grit (consistency of interest and perseverance of effort), (ii) an affiliation-related orientation with motivational beliefs (self-efficacy, intrinsic value, and test anxiety), and (iii) an affective (achievement-related self-regulatory) factors with SRL strategies (cognitive strategy use and self-regulation). A total of 170 university students in Malaysia responded to a 5-point Likert-scale survey. The findings indicate a moderate level of consistency of interest and a generally high level of perseverance of effort. Learners reported positive motivational beliefs and strong intrinsic value toward learning Mandarin, while also experiencing noticeable test anxiety. They demonstrated frequent use of cognitive learning strategies and relatively strong self-regulation. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations among the motivational components, suggesting that these factors operate interactively rather than independently. Findings further indicate that no significant differences were found across students’ disciplines or Mandarin proficiency levels.
Rayyanu Kabir Danfulani
Social media refers to a set of online tools that are designed for and centered around social interaction. In practice, social media serves as a catchall phrase for a conglomeration of web-based technologies and services such as blogs, microblogs (i.e., Twitter), social sharing services (e.g., YouTube, Flickr, StumbleUpon, Last.fm), text messaging, discussion forums, collaborative editing tools (e.g., wikis), virtual worlds (e.g., Second Life), and social networking services (e.g. Facebook, MySpace)
Anrihani Binti Amir, Dayang Masleha Binti Mohd Rahman, Elsie Ili, Lindah Rozaini Jamru, Mohammad Tahir Mapa, Norisah Binti Sadri, Nur Fatihah Binti Juli, Nurul Hikmah Binti Awaluddin, Wan Norhashwanies Binti Wan Hashronnizan
Plastic pollution has become a serious environmental issue, particularly affecting the ecological integrity of coastal and rural areas in emerging countries. This study explores on rural inhabitants' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding plastic waste management in Kuala Penyu District, Sabah, Malaysia. As a location with a dispersed population and major eco-tourism assets, such as Pulau Tiga Park, effective waste disposal is critical to local sustainability. Structured surveys were distributed to a random sample of 100 residents as part of a quantitative research design to assess cognitive and behavioural drivers of plastic waste management. Descriptive statistics revealed that participants had a high level of knowledge. A correlation analysis found a significant, positive, and moderate association between knowledge and practice. Furthermore, simple linear regression revealed that knowledge is a strong predictor of behavior, accounting for 33.5% of the variance in waste management practice. In contrast, while attitude was a statistically significant predictor, its predictive power was noticeably lower, accounting for only 11.9% of the variation. The findings imply that in rural Sabah, factual comprehension and awareness are more powerful drivers of behavioural change than evaluative perceptions. To overcome the practice gap, policy interventions should shift away from general knowledge toward practical, infrastructure-based education and the provision of accessible waste management facilities.
Aspalilla binti Main, Hasmaini binti Hashim, Mohamad Hasbullah bin Mustafa
Mental health is an important aspect of individual and community well-being; however, access to mental health services continues to face various challenges. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing access to and utilization of mental health services among communities. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with selected participants and document analysis, including mental health policies, statistical reports from the Ministry of Health Malaysia, and previous studies. Interviews were conducted face-to-face and online, recorded with participants’ consent, and transcribed verbatim. Interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis through coding, theme development, and interpretation. Document analysis was used to support and triangulate the interview findings. The results indicate several key factors influencing mental health literacy, public awareness, and the utilization of available services. The findings may assist authorities in formulating effective intervention strategies to improve access to and utilization of mental health services within communities.
Enoch Ibu Otor, Queeneth Oroma Wokoro
Medical or Health care systems have recorded unimaginable and unsatisfactory performance in quality health care delivery, especially in Nigeria. Negligence is the act of omission or commission to do or doing something that ought not to be done by a professional that results in an injury. A Look at medical negligence as it relates to health care providers, which includes doctors, nurses, laboratory scientist, laboratory technicians, pharmacists and other paramedics, identified the duties of health care providers to patients as well as the duties of patients towards health care providers. Our appraisal showed liabilities of health care providers in medical negligence and raised awareness on the remedy available to victims of medical negligence. Many Nigerians are not aware of the fact that health care providers could be held liable for medical negligence. The relationship between patient and health care provider is central in providing health care services. It is recommended that awareness to health care providers on their legal responsibilities towards their patients and to have strict regard for patients will go a long way to ameliorate the challenges faced by Nigerians when trying to access health care services. Patients’ awareness of their rights and knowledge or better information on their rights and the reality of their taking out successful law suits against negligent health care providers may improve the quality of health care in Nigeria.
Dr. Ihuoma Anthony, Udeh Emmanuel Odiakaoseh
Female vulnerability — characterised by helplessness, economic marginalisation, and constrained access to education — remains a persistent structural condition in African societies, sustained by poverty and the pervasive operation of patriarchal institutions. Social protection systems, in principle, constitute the state's primary buffer against such vulnerability; yet, as a 2023 UNDP report documents, 47.6 per cent of the world's population remain entirely outside formal social protection coverage (UNDP, 2023). This protection gap is acutely gendered: women and girls bear a disproportionate share of unprotected poverty, a condition that the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals — particularly SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 4 (Quality Education) — identify as requiring urgent remediation by 2030. This paper employs qualitative literary analysis to interrogate how African fiction represents, theorises, and critiques female vulnerability and the disruption of social protection. Drawing on Trauma Theory (Caruth, 1996; Herman, 1992) and Social Protection Theory as dual analytical frameworks, the study examines three primary literary texts — Kaine Agary's Yellow Yellow (2006), Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo's Trafficked (2014), and Tsitsi Dangarembga's Nervous Conditions (1988) — as documentary imaginaries of female dispossession across sub-Saharan African contexts. The analysis demonstrates how literary representation illuminates the lived dimensions of SDG 1 and SDG 4 deficits that aggregate statistical indices cannot fully capture, and argues that the characters' traumatic experiences of poverty and educational exclusion constitute narrative evidence of systemic social protection failure. The paper calls for accelerated, community-anchored implementation of SDGs 1 and 4 across African nations.
Aishah Baharudin, Khairon Nisa Shafeei, Norwati Roslim
This study establishes a comprehensive, centralized reference for educators and researchers investigating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education. The three objectives were to evaluate the evolution and dissemination of AI in higher education research, to determine key areas of AI in higher education research and to identify the major players of AI in higher education research. A bibliometric approach was used to analyze 800 publications retrieved from the Scopus database in February 2026, with VOSviewer software employed for data visualization. The analysis revealed that while scholarly interest began around 2018, publications surged from 2023 onwards, peaking in 2025. Despite this upward trend, collaboration patterns suggest the field is still in its early stages of development, as evidenced by the volume of indexed literature. Consequently, this study provides a foundation for future research and facilitates the development of meta-analyses and structured literature reviews.
Afif Zuhri Muhammad Khodri Harahap, Ahmad Ismail Mohd Anuar, Ahmad Suffian bin Mohd Zahari, Rabiatul Adawiyah Ma'arof, Wan Maziah Wan Ab. Razak
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a transformative force in business management, reshaping organizational strategies, decision-making processes, and competitive advantage. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of AI-related research in business management, based on 2,999 documents indexed in Scopus between 2015 and 2025. Using the Bibliometrix R package and its Biblioshiny interface, the analysis maps publication trends, influential authors, institutions, journals, and countries, as well as the conceptual structure of the field. The results reveal a geometric growth in scholarly output, with an annual increase of 47.09%, reflecting the accelerating adoption of AI in organizational contexts. The findings highlight the dominance of journal articles and reviews, strong collaboration patterns with 29.41% international co-authorship, and concentration of publications in a limited number of multidisciplinary and management-focused journals. Citation analysis identifies highly influential works within the field, while keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals clusters around technical methods (machine learning, deep learning, robotics), applications (natural language processing, data mining), and managerial themes (decision-making, organizational performance, digital transformation). This study provides a comprehensive overview of the intellectual landscape of AI in Business Management, identifies emerging themes and research gaps, and offers valuable insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to harness AI for organizational transformation and sustainable competitiveness.
E. N. I. Hashim, I. L. Ismail, M. Z. A. Chek, Muhammad Syakir Asrulsani, Rinda Nariswari, Z. H. Zulkifli
Return-to-Work (RTW) programmes administered by the Social Security Organization of Malaysia (SOCSO) are critical in facilitating the reintegration of injured or ill employees into productive employment. However, accurately predicting rehabilitation outcomes remains challenging due to the complex and nonlinear interactions among demographic and employment-related factors. This study develops a predictive modelling framework using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to enhance outcome forecasting within SOCSO’s RTW programme.
Shila Nasrin
Microfinance has been shown to contribute significantly to self-employment and wage employment, with female participation yielding particularly strong effects. This study examines how microfinance contributes to women’s economic empowerment and economic gains in rural Bangladesh. Using a structured questionnaire and purposive sampling, data were collected from 376 women who had borrowed from microfinance institutions for at least two years. The findings indicate that many women experience moderate to high levels of economic empowerment, especially through income generation and improved market access, although benefits are not evenly distributed. Outcomes are influenced by factors such as loan size, entrepreneurial skills, market conditions, and household support. Overall, microfinance serves as a valuable tool for enhancing women’s economic status, but additional measures including government and NGO support, skill development programs, and non-exploitative loan restructuring which are necessary to ensure sustainable and equitable benefits for all women.
Sechelanji Nambela
Community Health Workers (CHWs) play a critical role in strengthening primary health care systems and improving healthcare access in underserved communities. However, evidence on the operational effectiveness of CHW programs at sub-national level remains limited. This study assessed the effectiveness of Community Health Worker programs on healthcare accessibility and utilization in Luapula Province, Zambia. A mixed methods research design was used, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Primary data were collected from 95 CHWs, 190 community members, and 15 facility-based health workers using structured questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis in SPSS to validate constructs related to training, motivation, logistics, and resource mobilization, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings show that CHW programs significantly contribute to community health project implementation through training exposure, worker motivation, and community-level engagement. Most CHWs reported receiving periodic training and demonstrated professional service delivery practices. However, major gaps were identified in availability of medicines, transport, diagnostic tools, communication equipment, and referral systems. Motivation mechanisms existed but were inconsistent across programs. Resource mobilization systems were present but weakly funded and lacked transparent community participation. The study concludes that while CHW programs positively influence healthcare accessibility and utilization, their effectiveness is constrained by systemic resource and support limitations. Strengthening phased training models, harmonizing incentives, improving logistics support, and enhancing community resource mobilization structures are essential to improve program performance and sustainability.
Connie L. Giron, Glecel M. Ramos, Gwyneth Roi F. Aquino, Lyka Jasmine C. Gavina, Maria Aurora N. Palabay, Oscar O. Ancheta Jr., Raiza Joy C. Abanera
This study explored the functional literacy of Grade 3 learners, focusing on their reading and writing abilities as essential skills for learning and communication. It aimed to assess how well pupils understand written texts and express their ideas clearly through writing tasks. Functional literacy plays a vital role in helping young learners apply what they read and write in real-life situations. The research utilized a descriptive approach to gather information on learners’ performance in reading comprehension and written expression. Data were collected through reading tests, writing exercises, and teacher observations. Findings revealed that most learners were at a developing stage in both reading and writing. They could read short and familiar words but often found it difficult to comprehend longer passages and organize their ideas in writing. Weak vocabulary, limited reading exposure, and lack of writing practice were identified as common challenges. The study emphasizes the need for daily reading activities, guided writing instruction, and active collaboration between teachers and parents. Strengthening these literacy foundations in the primary grades will enhance learners’ confidence, comprehension, and ability to use language effectively across learning areas and everyday situations.
Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Asumbrado, Dennis T., Bongabong, Revoh R., Espadera, Janly A., Felias, Venice Clyde M., Mara, Kent Bryle., Navarro, Zaira Mae M., Nobleza, Abby Gail E., Ondagan, Harry C., Polinar, Romie, Rivero, May Ann C., Villones, Rey Germaine V.
This study focused on determining the level of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills of Grade 11 Senior High School students at Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. The main purpose of the study was to assess respondents' levels of ICT skills in maintenance, word processing, spreadsheet, presentation, database, browser, and e-communication, as well as their demographic profile in terms of sex, age, and strand. A descriptive quantitative research design was used in this study, involving the 199 Grade 11 students as respondents. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, and mean. The findings show that the majority of the respondents were female, mostly aged 15–16 years, and from the HUMSS strand. Results further indicated that the overall level of ICT skills among the respondents was high, with e-communication obtaining the highest mean score, followed by maintenance, browser, presentation, word processing, spreadsheet, and database skills. These findings suggest that the students have the required ICT skills for academic tasks and digital communication. The study recommends continuing to enhance ICT-related programs to further develop students’ technological skills.
Phoebe Aguilar, Phd, Richell V. Diaz
Strengthening the child protection policy among elementary schools, promote a safer and conducive learning space to learners. However, several news casted on the bullying and violence encountered by victim learners from their classmates, teachers, or other stakeholders. Hence, this study aims to assess the level of implementation of child protection policies in elementary schools, focusing on awareness and understanding, policy implementation and compliance, training and capacity building and school culture and stakeholder engagement, and investigating the challenges and their best practices. Using sequential explanatory research design, from 94 participants, primarily school staffs and teachers, through written interviews and survey questionnaires results indicated that the five constructs were strong in implementation, with Policy Implementation and Compliance yielding the highest mean (M = 4.72, SD = 0.47) and Training and Capacity Building the lowest (M = 4.51, SD = 0.64). Qualitative results identified areas of concern in terms of policy comprehension, resource management, reporting problems, training, and stakeholder relationship issues. Best practices, on the other hand included systematic campaigns, constant monitoring of compliance with the policy, transparent reporting and referral, differential training modalities, and active stakeholder engagement. This study therefore recommends to continue reinforcing Child Protection Policy in Maramag Central Elementary School.
Abdul A. Koroma, Victor S. Kamara
Site investigations are crucial for the safe design of foundations. This study evaluates the use of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) to determine subsoil stratigraphy in inaccessible areas along a proposed transmission line grid, comparing the results with traditional Standard Penetration Testing (SPT) data. SPT and VES tests were conducted concurrently at three tower locations (TT – Bu – L9, TATA sites) to a non-refusal depth of 15m. Results from both methods correlated well, suggesting that VES is a reliable and efficient tool for geotechnical investigations in challenging terrains, which can improve the safety and cost-effectiveness of infrastructure development.
Akomolehin Bolawale Victor, Akomolehin Francis Olugbenga
The Africa Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) presents Nigeria and the continent with considerable opportunities for the enhancement of intra-African trade flows, the strengthening of regional value chains, and the overall improvement of Nigeria’s export competitiveness. To ensure the actualization of such opportunities, however, the readiness and preparedness of the Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) to effectively implement AfCFTA agreements and protocols represent a fundamental and critical imperative. This work will assess the overall preparedness of Nigeria in terms of institutions, processes, and information and communication technology, investigate the effectuality of the NCS in the administration of Rules of Origin (RoO), and examine the realities of corridor operations for the Seme-Krake, Jibia, and Apapa Port corridors. Utilizing a combined multi-method approach and an overall analysis of cases, the work uses secondary data from SCM agreements, the AfCFTA and ECOWAS frameworks, and international trade facilitation literature. The study shows that, even as the NCS has recorded remarkable moments in the area of information and communication technology and process reform, there is still a lot of work to be done in the area of human resources, infrastructure, RoO checking, inter-agency interaction, and the overall automation of certificates of origin. The study recommends, among other suggestions, the national implementation of electronic certificates of origin, the comprehensive integration of NICIS II and the AfCFTA Digital Trade Platform, improved inter-agency interaction, the harmonization of tariff schedules, and the overall enhancement of human resources and capacities in this respect and at all seaports. Unlike existing studies, this paper integrates institutional readiness analysis with corridor-specific customs performance under AfCFTA.
Ike C. Tapitan, Rosemary L. Buraga
The ongoing production of waste globally poses serious environmental concerns, particularly in developing countries such as the Philippines. Despite national legislation like the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) and local programs in Cabagan, Isabela, sustaining active public engagement in recycling remains difficult. This study, titled Assessing Waste Disposal and Recycling Behavior in Public Spaces: Habits, Barriers, Incentives, and Digital Solutions, examined waste behaviors, common barriers, and potential incentives among 345 participants, including vendors, drivers, students, teachers, and government employees. A descriptive research design was employed using a structured survey questionnaire. Findings revealed that the use of public recycling bins was generally low, and plastic was the most frequently disposed waste type. Women reported better waste segregation practices than men, though the difference was not statistically significant. The two primary obstacles identified were the lack of accessible recycling bins and limited incentives. Proposed solutions included providing more visible and well-maintained bins and introducing reward-based initiatives.
Bolukale Oluwatoyin, Fosudo, Peter Olulade
The study evaluates the urban poverty characteristics of inhabitants of the informal settlement of Bosso in Minna, Niger state, Nigeria. It utilized a projected population of Bosso at 1,500 households, using a sample size of 251, and applied the Kothari model to arrive at a reasonable sample for the study. The study employed closed ended questionnaire, and systematic random sampling was employed to administer 251 questionnaires to every 10th house, and 247 questionnaires were returned and analysed for the study. Descriptive method of analysis, such as percentages and crosstabulation, was used. Also, inferential methods, such chi-square test was used to determine the relationship of households in terms of poverty characteristics. The result revealed that 76.9% majority of the households that fall in the second to fourth categories of household size were living below half a dollar per day. The result further revealed that the level of education and household sizes are significantly related in terms of income level. The study concludes that the informal settlement area of Bosso was characterized by poverty, as the majority of the households live below half a dollar per day.
Adamu, Taiwo Haruna, Akinwolere Bukola Comfort, Akinwolere Charles Olumide, Kolawole. Oluwatoyin Temitope, SABIU, Sani Bariki
Cryptocurrencies have emerged as decentralized digital financial instruments with the potential to enhance financial inclusion, particularly in developing economies. In Nigeria, evolving regulatory frameworks and growing digitalization have accelerated interest in cryptocurrency adoption, yet localized empirical evidence remains scarce. This study examines the assessment of relationship between adoption of cryptocurrency and financial stability among low- and middle-income earners in Gwagwalada Area Council, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The study specifically assesses the level of adoption, perceived financial benefits, associated challenges and risks, and the influence of cryptocurrency usage on savings patterns. Adopting a descriptive survey research design, quantitative data were collected from 250 respondents comprising traders, artisans, students, civil servants, and small-scale entrepreneurs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chisquare tests to test the stated hypotheses. The findings reveal a significant level of cryptocurrency adoption, with 58.8% of respondents reporting active use. Cryptocurrency adoption was perceived to enhance financial independence, reduce transaction costs, and facilitate faster payments. However, challenges such as price volatility, regulatory uncertainty, technical literacy gaps, fraud risks, and liquidity constraints were prominent. The study further finds that cryptocurrency adoption has influenced savings behavior, with many respondents using digital assets as alternative savings vehicles despite conversion difficulties. The study concludes that while cryptocurrency adoption promotes financial inclusion and autonomy among low- and middle-income earners, it simultaneously exposes users to substantial economic risks. The findings underscore the need for balanced regulatory frameworks, financial literacy initiatives, and infrastructural support to ensure that cryptocurrency adoption contributes sustainably to economic stability in semi-urban communities.
Anerlene Villasan, Dennis Gilbero, D Agsci, Sittie Aisha T. Manucang, Vengie O. Isidro
This study assessed the innovation capacity of Community Food Farms (CFFs) established by Gawad Kalinga in Barangay Bitaug and Barangay Cangcohoy, Siargao Island, Philippines. Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from 19 participants through a structured survey instrument measuring five innovation capacity dimensions: navigating complexity, collaboration, reflection and learning, engagement in strategic and political processes, and technical skills. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Coxcomb plot visualizations were used for analysis.Findings indicate moderate to high levels of innovation capacity across all five dimensions, with particularly strong performance in collaboration and technical skills. Participants demonstrated effective problem-solving, stakeholder engagement, and adaptive learning practices. Comparative analysis further revealed variation in capacity levels based on education and gender, suggesting the need for tailored capacity-building interventions.The study concludes that Community Food Farms in Siargao possess foundational innovation capacities that contribute to sustainable community development and resilience. Strategic investments in structured training, stakeholder coordination, and institutionalized monitoring systems are recommended to strengthen long-term impact.
Kpobari, Peter Visigah, Le-ol Anthony Evangeline Nkiruka
Public investment in core social infrastructure plays a critical role in economic development, human capital formation, and spatially inclusive growth. In developing contexts, however, infrastructure outcomes depend not only on aggregate expenditure levels but also on how equitably resources are distributed across populations and space. This study evaluates real per capita investment in education and healthcare infrastructure in Rivers State, Nigeria, within a spatial justice framework. Adopting a quantitative spatial-analytical approach, the study integrates inflation-adjusted capital expenditure data (constant 2010 ₦), population estimates, and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based analysis to examine inter-district investment patterns across the three senatorial districts from 2002 to 2024. Per capita investment levels were computed to enable population-adjusted comparison, while the coefficient of variation (CV) was applied annually to measure spatial inequality. The findings reveal pronounced temporal volatility and persistent inter-district disparities in both sectors. Educational infrastructure investment experienced episodes of extreme inequality during years of selective allocation, followed by periods of moderate but sustained imbalance despite increased funding. Healthcare investment exhibited even greater instability, characterized by cycles of sector-wide neglect, concentration in specific districts, and limited convergence. Although some years recorded relatively balanced distribution, high CV values in several periods indicate that fiscal expansion did not consistently yield equitable outcomes. Overall, infrastructure investment in Rivers State has been uneven and structurally imbalanced. Achieving spatial justice requires institutionalized population-adjusted allocation frameworks, strengthened medium-term planning, and routine GIS-based monitoring to ensure inclusive infrastructure provision.
Ma. Rosela Clarito Buenvenida, Odessa Rose D. Gasapo
Road traffic injuries are preventable causes of mortality and disability requiring coordinated governance across transport planning, enforcement, health systems, and infrastructure design. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the Philippines recorded 11,062 road traffic deaths in 2021 (9.7 per 100,000 population). Iloilo Province has likewise documented a substantial crash burden based on publicly reported police- and health office–cited summaries. This study synthesized provincial crash indicators and municipal crash narratives to describe the burden and recurring circumstances of vehicular accidents in selected Northern Iloilo municipalities and to identify locally feasible prevention priorities consistent with Safe System principles. A descriptive ecological secondary-data study design was used, integrating provincial quantitative crash summaries (Iloilo Police Provincial Office [IPPO] counts cited in provincial reporting) and qualitative municipal crash narratives referenced in publicly available reports for selected Northern Iloilo municipalities. Descriptive summaries were produced for provincial totals and attributed causes, and municipal narratives were thematically coded for vehicle involvement, crash configuration, road context, and behavioural contributors. Iloilo Province recorded 5,195 road crashes, resulting in 167 deaths and 2,441 injuries (384 major and 2,057 minor). Findings support a prevention package prioritizing speed management, motorcycle safety enforcement, roadside hazard mitigation, and strengthened post-crash response, aligned with emerging road safety planning initiatives in Western Visayas
Comidoy, Marynel C, Salva, Edna T
This study determined the best model that predicts critical thinking disposition of the senior high school students using the Structural Equation Modeling. It was conducted among private senior high school institutions in Region XI focusing on the Grade 11 using descriptive-correlational design, employing the cluster random sampling method in the selection of respondents. The results showed a moderate level of attitudes towards mathematics and AI-based ChatGPT usage, along with a high level of motivational persistence and a critical thinking disposition. Moreover, a significant relationship exists between attitudes towards mathematics, motivational perseverance, and critical thinking disposition, while it revealed a not significant relationship between AI-based ChatGPT usage and critical thinking disposition. The hypothesized model generated in the study came up with marginal to poor fit which requires model modification. The best-fit model demonstrated a causal link of motivational persistence to critical thinking disposition, while attitudes towards mathematics directly influence CTD when mediated by motivational persistence. This pathway underscores that CTD is most effectively cultivated not merely by favorable attitudes but with motivational persistence that enable them to achieve mathematical pursuits amidst difficulties.
Nurol Fatihah binti Kamaruddin, Zamri Mahamod
Low levels of student motivation continue to negatively affect engagement and achievement in Mathematics. Augmented Reality (AR) has emerged as a promising educational technology capable of enhancing students’ interest and motivation through interactive, visual, and immersive learning experiences. This concept paper explores the role of AR as a catalyst for improving student motivation in Mathematics learning, grounded in the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which emphasizes the fulfilment of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The paper analyses how AR features support motivational development, discusses challenges associated with AR implementation in Mathematics education, and proposes strategies to strengthen its integration in classroom practice. The discussion suggests that well-planned AR integration can promote student-centered learning, enhance engagement and create more meaningful Mathematics learning experiences. The findings of this paper provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers seeking to leverage AR as an effective pedagogical strategy to improve student motivation in Mathematics education.
Jasrul Nizam Ghazali, Mohamad Norzamani Sahroni, Mohd Azry Abdul Malik, Mohd Muhaimin Chuweni, Sharifalillah Nordin
Financial data extraction, traditionally a manual and labour-intensive process, is being revolutionized by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). However, understanding financial documents remains a significant challenge for individuals without specialized financial knowledge due to complex terminology and concepts. This study addresses this gap by designing, developing, and evaluating an AI-powered financial data extraction system tailored for non-financial individuals. The system integrates Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for text extraction from document images statements, invoices, receipts) and leverages the OpenAI platform's advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) capabilities to organize, interpret, and explain financial information in a user-friendly manner. A Waterfall development methodology was employed, encompassing requirements gathering via questionnaires with target users, system architecture design, implementation using Python libraries and OpenAI API, and rigorous testing, including functionality tests and user evaluations. Results from functionality testing confirmed the system's ability to accurately process various document types. User evaluation, involving finance staff assessing the system's potential for non-expert users, yielded overwhelmingly positive feedback, with high ratings for accuracy, usability, efficiency, and the significant impact of AI/ML integration in enhancing the depth and speed of analysis. The findings demonstrate the system's potential to improve financial literacy and empower individuals in managing personal finances by making complex financial data more accessible and understandable.
Mumbe Christina Musyoka, Nichanor Achola Ogolla
The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has transformed instructional practices globally. In Kenya, national policy frameworks such as Vision 2030 emphasize digital transformation in education. Despite increased awareness of ICT tools, disparities persist between awareness and actual classroom utilization, particularly in rural settings. This study investigated the awareness, utilization, perceived impacts, and barriers influencing ICT integration in teaching biology in secondary schools in Kitui County, Kenya. A descriptive survey design was adopted involving 220 respondents (200 students, 13 biology teachers, and 7 principals). Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics through SPSS version 22. Findings revealed high levels of ICT awareness (90%), yet classroom utilization remained low. Traditional teaching methods such as textbooks and blackboards dominated instructional practice. Major barriers included limited ICT infrastructure, inadequate teacher training, heavy workload, unreliable electricity supply, and low digital self-efficacy. Despite these challenges, respondents acknowledged that ICT improves student performance, enhances content delivery, and saves instructional time when effectively implemented. The study concludes that bridging the gap between awareness and practice requires sustained professional development, infrastructure investment, institutional support, and policy reinforcement. Strengthening ICT integration in rural secondary schools can enhance learner engagement, promote studentcentered learning, and improve academic outcomes.
Dian B. Garcia, Leon II B. Rogador, Rene Jun B. Belgica, Reynante A. Santiago
Workplace safety and security are critical concerns in higher education institutions, as they influence employee well-being, productivity, and organizational effectiveness. This study examined the levels of awareness, attitude, and practices on workplace safety and security among faculty and staff of a public higher education institution in Western Visayas, Philippines. A descriptive-comparative research design was employed, utilizing a survey questionnaire with high internal consistency to gather data from 153 faculty and non-teaching personnel. Findings revealed that respondents demonstrated a high level of awareness and a positive attitude toward workplace safety and security, while safety practices were also favorably observed, although they were demonstrated less consistently than awareness and attitude. When respondents were grouped according to sex, no significant differences were found in their levels of awareness, attitude, and practices, indicating that male and female employees shared comparable perceptions and behaviors related to workplace safety and security. Similarly, no significant differences were observed when respondents were grouped according to employment category, suggesting that faculty and staff exhibited a common understanding and implementation of safety and security measures within the institution. The results indicate a generally uniform safety culture across employee groups, reflecting the effectiveness of institutional safety and security initiatives. However, the findings also highlight the need to strengthen the translation of positive awareness and attitudes into consistent safety practices. Continuous safety training, regular monitoring, and sustained administrative support are recommended to further enhance workplace safety and security in higher education institutions.
Adamu Akyala Ishaku, Adewale Adeyinka Falade, Ayobami Nurudeen Akiode, Oluwakemi Oluwagbohun
Contraceptive discontinuation and switching are major challenges in the maintenance of reproductive health outcomes in Nigeria. Although awareness and the use of modern contraceptive methods are improving, the discontinuation rate of married women remains high. In Abuja, socio-cultural factors, side effects, and service factors are important determinants of contraceptive use. This study aimed to explore the barriers to family planning continuation and determine the predictors of contraceptive discontinuation among married women in Abuja, Nigeria, guided by Andersen’s Behavioural Model of Health Services Utilization.
Adejumo Lukman Sola, Ajogu Nwonu Orji, Akingbade Babatunde Richard, Ariyo Wole John, Victor Iyanoye
Bearing-related issues continue to be a significant cause of downtime for centrifugal pumps in oil and gas processing plants, especially in developing countries where harsh operating conditions, aging equipment, and mainly reactive maintenance strategies prevail. This research provides a thorough analysis of bearing failures and reliability evaluation for centrifugal pumps in selected oil and gas facilities in Nigeria. A mixed-method strategy was employed, which combined the analysis of historical maintenance data, physical examination of failed bearings, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Root Cause Analysis (RCA), and reliability modeling through Weibull distribution and Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF). The findings suggest that the main causes of unplanned pump failures are lubrication degradation, contamination ingress, and shaft misalignment, which together make up many of these outages. Reliability analysis shows that the mean time between failures (MTBF) is considerably less than what the manufacturer anticipates, while Weibull shape parameters reveal a prevalence of early-life and random failure patterns. Considering these results, a practical framework for improving reliability is proposed, which includes condition-based monitoring, structured lubrication management, better installation practices, and reliability-centered maintenance (RCM). This study offers component-level insights tailored to specific contexts to improve the reliability and availability of centrifugal pumps in Nigerian and similar oil and gas processing settings.
Daniel P. Ong Jr, Oscar Jr. O. Ancheta, Soriano, Marilou G, Velasco, Angela
There is a clear gap in understanding how parents' beliefs about gender roles keep stereotypes strong in child-rearing, especially in rural areas like La Union, Philippines, where old norms limit children's fair growth. This study filled that gap by looking at the repeating cycle of stereotype reinforcement through parents' views and actions. The researcher used a qualitative multiple case study design, doing semi-structured interviews with ten parents from different communities in La Union. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis method, with strict ethical rules followed. Five experts in child development and gender fairness checked the findings using a special rating form for thematic strength, a checklist for educational value, and spoken feedback on useful insights. The results showed an overall Very Satisfactory level for thematic depth, clear presentation, and good structure, along with high educational soundness, seen as a Recommended Quality Evaluated resource for gender fairness education. Comments from experts and parent thoughts highlighted themes like clearanalysis of societal effects, practical parenting examples, and different ways to challenge norms, proving the study's value as a helpful tool for promoting fair child-rearing and breaking stereotype cycles in rural Philippine settings.
Kimaita, S.
Over the past two decades, the Horn of Africa has emerged as a strategic arena for Gulf states seeking to extend their power and influence beyond the Arabian Peninsula. While Gulf states defend their continued infiltration in the Horn of Africa on grounds of conflict intervention, a more critical analysis reveals the extension of their regional supremacy rivalries, economic and security imperatives as the main motivating factors. Endowed with mineral-rich countries, proximity to strategic maritime routes, extensive arable land, and opportunities for military expansion, the Horn of Africa has been an opportune ground for Gulf states’ pursuits. This strategic penetration has produced a complex intersection of external rivalries with local conflicts. Rivalry among dominant Gulf countries has shaped conflict dynamics by influencing local actors, deepening internal divisions and complicating chances of amicable resolution of conflicts in the fragile states in the Horn of Africa. Based on the Regional Security Complex Theory developed by Barry Buzan and Ole Waever, the study demonstrates that the HoA and the Gulf are geographically proximate regions with deep security interdependence in which their national security concerns are so intertwined that they cannot meaningfully be analyzed or resolved in isolation. By interrogating the hidden agendas underlying Gulf interventions, this study examines how Gulf supremacy rivalries shape conflict dynamics in the Horn of Africa and assesses the subsequent impacts of such interventions. To achieve sustainable peace in the Horn of Africa, the study recommends transparent and inclusive interventions that transcend elite interests and prioritize community-level benefits.
Chick Nchumi Ndum
Conventional approaches to technology transfer regulation, anchored in formal legal instruments such as patent licensing, foreign direct investment and structured technical assistance, have been in the spotlight for decades as the primary channels that enable technology to be transferred, often overlooking informal channels. Much of technological learning, adaptation and diffusion in Cameroon occurs outside formal arrangements, and these processes are unregulated. This article examines informal technology transfer in Cameroon using a doctrinal and qualitative methodology, drawing on legal analysis of Cameroon’s statutory instruments, including the Investment Code, the revised Bangui Agreement under OAPI, and copyright legislation, alongside documented sectoral evidence from international development assessments across digital financial services, manufacturing, and the software ecosystem. The study argues that informal transfer mechanisms generate technological capabilities comparable to those produced by formal agreements, particularly through tacit knowledge, embodied skills, and relational learning. Yet, the absence of regulatory oversight creates challenges, including quality inconsistencies, intellectual property uncertainty, and weak alignment with national development strategies. Rather than imposing rigid controls, the article proposes a facilitative regulatory framework that recognizes the developmental value of informality. It advocates for soft law instruments, competency-based certification, and public-private coordination platforms to enhance knowledge circulation and inclusive innovation. Ultimately, the study shifts the focus of technology transfer governance from ownership and enforcement toward absorption, coordination, and facilitation grounded in the realities of informal technological change.
Issraq Ramli, Mohd Zulfikaar Azizi Aliakbar, Zaifuddin Md Rasip
The Muslim population in Malaysia has continued to increase over time. One of the contributing factors to this growth, particularly in the state of Sabah, is the rising number of mualaf. This observation is further supported by official mualaf statistics released by the Sabah State Islamic Religious Affairs Department (JHEAINS), which indicate a consistent year on year increase in the number of formally registered mualaf. Sabah has also been recorded as the state with the highest increase in the number of mualaf compared to other states in Malaysia. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the factors that contribute to the increase in the number of mualaf in Sabah, as well as the challenges encountered after embracing Islam. This study adopts a qualitative approach through a literature based research design. By employing a literature review approach, the study engages with scholarly texts, da‘wah related articles, and other relevant sources to synthesise current understandings related to the topic. The study summarises that the primary factors contributing to the increase of mualaf in Sabah include active da‘wah efforts, admiration for Islamic moral conduct, interfaith marriage, and collaboration between governmental and non-governmental agencies. Meanwhile, the major challenges faced by mualaf across most areas in Sabah relate to financial constraints and issues of accessibility.
Haryati Abdul Karim, Marianne Estabella Fung, Rajesh Kumar Muniandy
Background: Communication difficulties in multicultural healthcare settings such as Malaysia are frequently attributed to language barriers; however, misunderstanding often persists even when doctors and patients share a common language. This suggests that clinical dissonance is not merely linguistic but conceptual. Aim: This integrative review examines theoretical scholarship to explore the deeper cognitive and cultural mechanisms that shape doctor-patient interaction, with particular attention to how patients may become effectively ‘voiceless’ during clinical encounters due to misalignment in Explanatory Models (EMs). Methods: Adopting the methodology of Whittemore and Knafl (2005), this review synthesises diverse literature from Social Constructionism, medical anthropology and cognitive linguistics. The analysis integrates work on EMs and Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) to identify points of convergence relevant to hierarchical and medically pluralistic contexts. Results: The analysis reveals a critical theoretical gap: while EMs describe what patients believe about illness (content), CMT explains how such beliefs are cognitively structured (mechanism) yet these perspectives are rarely examined together. In the Malaysian context, communication breakdowns frequently arise when patients’ culturally grounded metaphors, specifically those related to angin (wind) and panas (heat), are literalised or overridden by biomedical frameworks. Conclusion: On this basis, the paper proposes the Conceptual-Anthropological Framework (CAF) as an integrative model. By foregrounding metaphorical reasoning as a central dimension of meaning-making, CAF offers a lens to better understand and address the ‘silent’ non-adherence often observed in medically pluralistic societies.
Prof. Kalpnath Singh Yadav, Smriti
The present study examines the education system beyond the enrolment by focusing & analysing the role of life skills training initiatives in shaping educational equity among school going children in urban slum area of Mangolpuri Delhi. The study uses a primary descriptive research design to collect the data within 100 households with 184 samples of school going children through structured household survey and child level questionnaire. The core findings reveal that while school enrolment has already reached near the universal level but the quality of participation in life skills programs is uneven due to socio-economic conditions of households. Participation in life skills initiatives was unevenly distributed with children going to govt schools in comparison to private schools or NGO governed schools. The significant gender-based differences were also observed in such programmes due to structural conditions of the educational system in specific area. Respondents exposed to life skills training reported higher level of confidence, classroom participation and interaction with peers and teachers. This paper concludes that primarily enrolment focused educational policies are insufficient to ensure equity in urban slum context and emphasises the need to integrate life skills education in mainstream schooling system.
Diyana Zulaika Abdul Ghani, Mohamad Ikram Zakaria, Nur Adlina Mohd Zaki, Nurul Rabiatul Adawiyah Suhaimee
This bibliometric analysis maps research on teacher competency and pedagogical models for digital technology integration in school physical education (PE), with the aim of clarifying growth patterns, knowledge structures, and thematic priorities. A Scopus search was executed using a structured TITLE-ABS-KEY strategy and reported through a PRISMA-aligned screening flow. The search retrieved 708 records, followed by staged screening and eligibility checks that yielded a final dataset of 79 documents. The dataset spans 2012 to February 4, 2026 and shows sustained scholarly activity across 15 citable years, involving 321 contributing authors. Impact indicators show 912 total citations, 11.54 citations per paper, 65.14 citations per year, and a strong h-core concentration of 863 citations, alongside an h-index of 18, g-index of 27, and m-index of 1.200. To reveal the conceptual structure, keyword co-occurrence mapping identified six clusters linking teacher training and professional development with technology integration, teacher perceptions and self-efficacy, assessment and school implementation, and movement-based PE priorities including meaningful PE, with COVID-19 appearing as a marker of accelerated discourse during remote teaching periods. These findings position the field as an intersection of competency frameworks and pedagogical model scholarship, with clear pathways for future research focused on stronger alignment between digital tool use, pedagogical model fidelity, and evidence of learning outcomes in movement-based contexts.
Cherry An E. Cabalona, Cirilo T. Laguiwed Jr., Erika Rina B. Talango, Jeff E. Rosendo, Wilbert B. Wanas
Binnadang is an Indigenous communal practice deeply embedded in the everyday life of Kankanaey communities, reflecting shared labor, moral responsibility, and collective identity. This qualitative study explored how community members experience and sustain Binnadang in one of the Kankanaey Indigenous Community focusing on motivations for participation, contemporary challenges, contributions to community unity, and strategies that help sustain the practice. Guided by a phenomenological–thematic approach, the study involved in depth, face to face interviews with ten adult and elder community members who have actively participated in Binnadang. Data were collected using a semi structured interview guide, transcribed verbatim from Kankanaey, translated into English, and analyzed thematically through a Colaizzi informed process emphasizing participants lived meanings.
Kimm Ryan E. Roldan, Qatryn MieR E. Villanueva
We derive a five–dimensional Modified Lorenz System (MLS) from the incompressible Boussinesq Navier–Stokes equations with coupled potential temperature and moisture fields via systematic Galerkin projection onto a small set of physically motivated spatial modes. Beginning from ∂_t u+(u⋅∇)u=-∇p+ν∇^2 u+gα Θ z ̂, ∂_t Θ+(u⋅∇)Θ=κ_Θ ∇^2 Θ+S_Θ, and a passive moisture equation, we nondimensionalize and project onto a divergence–free modal basis, leading to q ̇_m=∑_n▒ L_mn q_n+∑_(i,j)▒ C_mij q_i q_j+F_m, with closure hypotheses for unresolved modes. A judicious choice of five dominant amplitudes (T,H,P,W,R)^⊤ yields the MLS, which generalizes the classical Lorenz–63 model by incorporating moisture coupling and bounded nonlinear closures. We provide a detailed analytical characterization of the MLS: (i) fixed points are identified and classified, (ii) linear stability is determined via the Jacobian eigenvalue spectrum, and (iii) Lyapunov exponents are defined through the tangent–linear system ξ ̇=J(X(t)) ξ, with the largest exponent λ_1 setting a predictability time scale T_L∼1/λ_1. Using energy estimates, we prove the existence of an absorbing set under admissible damping and closure conditions, ensuring global boundedness of solutions. The MLS thus serves as a mathematically well–posed reduced–order model capturing essential nonlinear dynamics of moist convective systems and providing a reproducible analytical testbed for future studies in predictability, ensemble design, and reduced modeling of complex atmospheric processes.
Anis Mardhiah Binti Ahmad Khairuddin, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Nur Amalin Balqis Binti Muhammad Zamarin, Nur Suhaila Binti Aminudin, Nurshamira Afiqah Binti Samsuri
Reading is a fundamental skill in English as a Second Language (ESL) learning that not only enhances vocabulary and grammar but also fulfills learners' metacognitive needs for affiliation, power, and achievement. However, ESL learners often experience reading anxiety that may interfere with their comprehension and academic performance. This quantitative research examined the reading strategies influence on reading anxiety among Malaysian tertiary-level ESL learners. A 5-point Likert-scale survey adapted from Miao and Vibulphol (2020), Zoghi (2012), and Amer et al. (2010) was administered to 236 participants across four different educational levels. The instrument consisted of two main sections: Section B measuring reading anxiety (21 items across top-down, bottom-up, and classroom anxiety dimensions with Cronbach's alpha = .942) and Section C assessing reading strategies (18 items which include global, problem-solving, and support strategies with Cronbach's alpha = .926). Findings showed that learners predominantly employed prediction as a global strategy, rereading as a problem-solving strategy, and bilingual processing as a support strategy. Reading anxiety manifested primarily through limited prior knowledge, difficulty identifying main ideas, vocabulary recall challenges, and grammar processing difficulties. Nevertheless, correlation analysis showed weak to nonexistent relationships between reading strategies and reading anxiety, suggesting these constructs operate independently. No significant differences in strategy use or anxiety levels were found across educational levels. The findings have important pedagogical implications, indicating that educators must adopt a dual approach that addresses both cognitive strategy development and affective anxiety management simultaneously, as strategy instruction alone does not reduce reading anxiety.
Dr Charles Boadi, Dr Daniel Duker, Dr Mukta Jamwal, Olusola Sam-Sorungbe, Rahul Raj
Social enterprises function as hybrid organisations that integrate commercial activity with explicit social missions. In many Sub-Saharan African contexts, however, corporate law frameworks continue to reflect a binary distinction between for-profit companies and non-profit entities, creating institutional constraints for hybrid organising. This article develops a hybrid comparative–integrative framework to examine how corporate law environments shape social enterprise growth and social value creation in Nigeria and Ghana. Drawing on hybrid organisation theory, institutional theory, stakeholder theory, and social value perspectives, the study adopts a qualitative comparative legal-institutional methodology that combines doctrinal analysis of statutory frameworks with thematic synthesis of policy and academic sources. The findings reveal strong convergence across both jurisdictions, including the absence of formal legal recognition for hybrid purpose, fragmented registration pathways, and limited governance mechanisms to safeguard social missions. Notable divergence is observed in regulatory flexibility and policy engagement, with Ghana exhibiting greater operational adaptability despite similar doctrinal limitations. The integrative analysis demonstrates that neither legal system currently provides stable institutional conditions for sustaining hybrid missions without explicit statutory recognition and accountability provisions. The article contributes theoretically by extending hybrid organisation and institutional analysis into a West African legal context and practically by proposing regionally informed legal pathways that embed social value, governance accountability, and financial sustainability within corporate law design. The findings hold relevance for policymakers, legal reform actors, and social enterprise practitioners seeking to strengthen sustainable hybrid enterprise ecosystems across West Africa.
Ian Kristoffer M. Dela Cruz
Pursuing overseas employment as Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) but facing unforeseen challenges and setbacks reflects a broader migration experiences among Filipino labor migrants. This study examines the failed migration experiences of a Filipino family from Bonfal West, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines situating their narratives within broader patterns of OFW labor migration. Anchored on Push–Pull Migration Theory, social history, and family history perspectives, the study situates migration not merely as an individual economic choice but as a collective family strategy shaped by structural constraints and social expectations. Using an oral history approach and a personal narrative design, data were gathered through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews to explore migration motivations, challenges abroad, and post-migration family dynamics. Findings reveal that economic instability and limited local employment opportunities served as primary push factors driving overseas migration. However, deceptive recruitment practices, unsafe and exploitative working conditions, and unmet contractual promises undermined migrants’ aspirations abroad. These hardships produced significant emotional, psychological, and economic consequences that extended beyond individual workers and reshaped family relationships and well-being. Despite these adversities, the family demonstrated resilience through shared coping mechanisms rooted in faith, mutual support, and collective endurance. The study underscores the need for strengthened labor protections, transparent recruitment processes, and communitybased support mechanisms.
Yeabi Stephanie Mbeidzenyuy
The context of the Gamble. Cameroon stands at a developmental crossroads, where its "Vision 2035" goals are inextricably linked to energy security. However, this ambition is built on a "gamble" a lopsided reliance on large-scale hydroelectricity in an era of unprecedented climate volatility. The introduction establishes that without a robust legal anchor, this energy strategy remains a house of cards. This research identifies the central problem: a legislative framework (Law No. 2011/022) that was designed for market liberalization and modernization but failed to anticipate the necessity of climate resilience. It highlights how the law remains "climate-blind," treating energy production as a purely an economic activity rather than an ecological one. The theoretical framework is focused on the utilizing the "Climate Law" theory, this study examines how legal norms can act as catalysts for environmental change. It posits that law is not merely a set of rules but a steering mechanism for risk management. This abstract outlines the hypothesis that the current "fragmented" governance is the primary barrier to a resilient energy mix. This study employs a multidisciplinary legal analysis. By bridging the gap between administrative law and environmental science, the research methodology ensures that findings are grounded in both legal reality and the physical realities of climate change in the Gulf of Guinea and the Sudano-Sahelian regions. The synthesis of findings analysis reveals a striking "Implementation Gap." While the SND30 policy document calls for 25% renewable energy by 2035, the legal codes lack the enforcement mechanisms to turn these aspirations into bankable projects. The "gamble" is further complicated by the lack of legal protections for independent solar and wind producers. Finally, this work proposes a radical shift from "passive" to "active" energy law. This involves the "ClimateProofing" of the energy sector through legislative amendments that mandate environmental impact assessments specifically focused on long-term climate projections rather than historical weather data.
Romeo Padillo Brizuela
Emergency medical services (EMS) represent a critical intersection of public safety and healthcare, where the efficiency of first responders can determine life or death outcomes. In the Philippines, the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) is tasked with providing these vital services, especially in rural areas like Sipocot, Camarines Sur, where healthcare access is often limited. This study assessed the capabilities and expertise of BFP-Sipocot personnel through a mixed-methods approach, utilizing inventory assessments, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions to evaluate training, resources, and infrastructure. The findings reveal significant challenges that hinder effective emergency response. Personnel have attended only six out of sixteen essential training indicators, leading to identified gaps in specialized knowledge and skills. Quantitatively, the station faces severe resource limitations; for instance, there is a total absence of equipment for advanced cardiac life support and a critical shortage of basic life support and personal protective equipment. Perhaps most significantly, the study found a complete absence of ambulances at the BFPSipocot station, which directly delays the transport of victims to hospitals and places lives at risk. Furthermore, while standard operating procedures (SOPs) for trauma and medical emergencies are documented, they remain non-operational. The research concludes that the delivery of EMS in Sipocot is currently insufficient due to limited training, inadequate physical facilities, and a lack of essential life-saving vehicles. To improve public safety outcomes, it is recommended that BFP-Sipocot personnel undergo specialized training in areas such as advanced cardiac life support and ambulance operations. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for a stronger partnership with the Local Government Unit (LGU) to secure necessary funding and ensure that emergency management protocols are fully operationalized.
Duncan Owino Sino, Edwins Baraza
This paper examines the relationship between regulatory capital adequacy and bank growth using a bank-level panel of licensed commercial banks in Kenya over the period 2015–2024. The study evaluates whether higher capital ratios systematically constrain balance-sheet growth in an emerging-market banking system characterized by structural heterogeneity across institutions, given the ongoing debates on the trade-off between financial stability and credit expansion under Basel-style prudential frameworks,. By applying fixed-effects and dynamic System Generalized Method of Moments (System-GMM) estimators to account for unobserved heterogeneity, persistence, and potential endogeneity, the analysis finds no robust evidence that capital adequacy ratios exert a uniform direct effect on asset or deposit growth across banks. Instead, growth dynamics appear primarily driven by structural characteristics such as bank size, profitability, efficiency, and funding composition. The study finds larger banks exhibiting slower expansion, while profitability and funding structure play more consistent roles in shaping growth outcomes. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the relationship between capital and growth varies across bank tiers. While higher capital ratios are associated with weaker deposit growth among larger banks, smaller institutions display different adjustment patterns. This may imply that regulatory capital influences balance-sheet and funding strategies in a non-uniform manner. Robustness checks using alternative capital measures confirm that aggregate capital-growth relationships remain modest within the sample period.
Atta Idrawani bin Zaini, Chong Wan Siang, Joy Natalie Cotter, Kelvin Lee Kian Shie, Mervyn Wong Hsin Jyi
This study aims to investigate the architectural and historical significance of St. James Old Church, a centuries-old ecclesiastical building located in the heart of Kampung Quop Kota Samarahan, Sarawak. The old church is not properly documented and alteration works has been carried out which has deviated from the original design. The research aims to preserve detailed information on the endogenous influences during the British colonization Era. St James Church Kampung Quop was consecrated on Dec 7, 1865 by Bishop Francis McDougall. It is believed to be the one of the oldest outstation churches in Sarawak land. St James was a prefabricated church, similar to the numerous out-station Belian (timber species) forts of the same period, built by the Rajah.
Sai-Keong, Chan, Zhou Ying
Cash flow is widely recognized as the lifeblood of business operations, and managing liquidity risk is essential for sustaining profitability and growth. For retail enterprises—often characterized by thin profit margins, seasonal fluctuations, and rapid inventory turnover—liquidity risk has a direct impact on financial performance, particularly on return on assets (ROA). This paper reviews the primary sources of liquidity risk, such as inventory buildup, delayed receivables, and supply chain disruptions, and explores how these factors influence asset utilization and profitability. Furthermore, it examines how broader macroeconomic forces, including inflation and interest rates, as well as shifts in consumer behavior, compound these liquidity challenges. Drawing on recent empirical studies (2022–2025), the review emphasizes that firms with proactive liquidity risk management, including the optimization of cash flow cycles and the reduction of working capital inefficiencies, tend to achieve stronger ROA. Furthermore, digital technologies—such as AI-driven forecasting, ERP systems, and real-time analytics—are playing a transformative role by improving cash flow visibility, predictive accuracy, and operational resilience. The findings underscore the importance of integrating liquidity risk assessment into broader financial strategies to ensure sustainable success in the retail sector.
ABDI, A.O., Kimani E.M., Matanda J.W.
Financial Performance of Investment Firms Has a Significant Impact on Future Prospects of the Firm. Listed Companies Place a Lot of Emphasis on Profitability and Stability of Their Performance. However, Investment Firms Have Been Experiencing a Problem of Poor Financial Performance Over Time. The Study Seeked to Establish Effect of Cash Flow From Operation Activities on Financial Performance of Investment Firms Listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. The Study Was Anchored on Resource-Based View Theory. Descriptive Research Design Was Used in This Study. All the Investment Firms Listed at NSE Were Subject of Investigation Hence a Census Study Was Conducted. Secondary Data Was Sourced From Cash Flow Statements and Other Relevant Financial Statements Using Secondary Data Collection Sheet. The Data Was Analyzed Using Descriptive and Inferential Statistical Methods With the Aid of SPSS, (Version 29.0) Statistical Software. Descriptive Statistical Tools Including Mean, Frequency, Standard Deviation, Skewness and Kurtosis Were Used. Inferential Statistics Included Use of Product Moment Correlation to Depict Strength and Direction of Relationship Between Variables. Panel Regression Model Was Applied for Data Analysis and Langrage Multiplier Test Was Done to Determine Whether Fixed Effect Model Was Suitable for Analysis. The Finding of the Study Indicated a Positive and Significant Correlation Between Operating Cash Flows and Financial Performance of Investment Firms Listed at NSE in Kenya. Coefficient of Determination (R-Squared (R2) Value Was 0.6451 for CFOA. The P-Value for the Variable Was Less Than 0.05 Level of Significance. This Implied That Operating Cash Flow Explained Financial Performance of Listed Investment Firms in Kenya. The Finding of This Study Will Be of Benefit to a Number of Interested Parties Including Creditors, Investors, the Government, Scholars and Researchers, Regulatory Authorities and Trading Companies. From the Findings of the It Was Recommended That Directors of Investment Firms Should Implement a Policy Focusing on Quick Moving Inventory, Which Will Eventually Affect Other Components of Operations.
Dr. Jadab Dutta, Susan Kaji
This study explores the challenges and barriers faced by teachers in implementing inclusive education using secondary data from scholarly articles, policy reports and institutional publications. Findings indicate that teachers consistently struggle with inadequate training, limited knowledge of diverse learning needs, insufficient resources, overcrowded classrooms and lack of support from multidisciplinary teams. Additional obstacles include negative attitudes toward disability, limited administrative backing, time constraints and increased workload, all of which hinder effective classroom practices. The study highlights the need for stronger teacher preparation programs, adequate resource allocation, improved policy implementation and collaborative support systems to ensure meaningful participation of all learners in inclusive classrooms.
Shanika Madurangi Bopitiya
Most students in Sri Lanka receive their elementary and secondary education in Sinhala or Tamil, although English-Medium Instruction (EMI) is becoming increasingly prevalent in higher education worldwide. This qualitative systematic review examines the difficulties Sri Lankan undergraduates encounter when transitioning to EMI at public universities. Using thematic content analysis of peer-reviewed literature and empirical studies, augmented by student and lecturer testimonies, the study identifies socioeconomic and geographic disparities, cultural factors, language anxiety, a lack of institutional support, and language competency deficits as the primary obstacles. The findings indicate that students from arts faculties and those from rural areas face greater challenges due to limited prior exposure to English. The study also highlights the effects of faculty language proficiency, peer pressure (ragging culture), and inadequate pre-university English language instruction. Recommendations include enhancing university-level English-language support, targeting interventions for underprivileged students, and providing EMI lecturers with professional development. The research advances understanding of EMI challenges in post-colonial and multilingual contexts.
Lonie Ann L. Agosto, Marcelyn C. Paras
This study explored the challenges faced by Physical Education (PE) students during online classes during the academic year 2022-2023. Using a quantitative survey method, data were collected to identify key difficulties encountered by students. The findings revealed several significant obstacles, including technological issues, limited learning resources, difficulties in performing physical activities remotely, and heightened stress levels. These challenges negatively impacted students’ academic performance, motivation, and overall wellbeing. The study underscores the need for universities to implement targeted interventions to enhance the effectiveness of online PE classes and improve student-learning experiences in virtual settings.
Noor Hanim Rahmat
The rapid integration of generative artificial intelligence, particularly ChatGPT, into higher education has sparked growing scholarly interest in its potential to support strategic academic reading and critical engagement with complex texts. While empirical studies on AI-assisted learning are increasing, the intellectual structure, research trends, and collaborative patterns surrounding ChatGPT as a scaffold for academic reading in tertiary education remain fragmented. Addressing this gap, the present study conducts a bibliometric analysis to systematically map the development, thematic focus, and global distribution of research in this emerging field. Using an advanced search strategy in the Scopus database, a total of 196 English-language journal articles published between 2021 and 2025 within the Social Sciences and Arts and Humanities were retrieved. Data were cleaned and harmonized using OpenRefine to ensure consistency, followed by statistical and graphical analysis through the Scopus Analyzer. VOSviewer software was then employed to visualize publication trends, citation impact, keyword co-occurrence, and international collaboration networks. The results reveal a marked growth in publications after 2022, reflecting heightened academic attention following the widespread adoption of ChatGPT in educational contexts. Citation analysis indicates that highly influential studies remain grounded in reading strategies, metacognition, and reading comprehension, while AI-related research is increasingly integrated into these pedagogical frameworks. Keyword co-occurrence mapping highlights stable learner-centered themes alongside emerging interests in technology-supported and inclusive reading practices. Geographically, research output is globally distributed but concentrated in a small number of leading countries, with collaboration networks showing moderate but uneven international connectivity. Overall, this bibliometric study positions ChatGPT not as a standalone innovation, but as an evolving pedagogical scaffold embedded within established research on strategic academic reading, offering insights for researchers, educators, and policymakers seeking to guide ethical and effective AI integration in tertiary education.
Dr. Oscar Ancheta Jr, Lovely Joy Carino, Melvin Motilla, Neri Margarita Dacanay, Niel Karlo Apigo, Sheena Tember Nisperos
This study explored second year BEEd students' perspective of ChatGPT as an assistive educational tool and as an enabling source of dependence. The researcher used a quantitative descriptive-comparative design to understand some of the opportunities and limitations of ChatGPT, as perceived by the students, around their academic learning and performance. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire and by a documentary analysis of GWA between two groups of students; who used ChatGPT as a learning aid and for who used it as an adjunct to their learning. Survey results showed agreement on writing, grammar, and conceptual understanding (M = 3.79–3.89) but neutral concerns about misinformation and motivation. Supplementary users averaged a 90.93 GWA (Very Satisfactory) while dependent users averaged 88.84 GWA (Satisfactory); the difference was significant (t = 2.36, p = 0.0215). Overall mean GWA = 89.27 ± 2.48 fell short of the mastery benchmark (90). The study concludes that ChatGPT enhances learning only when used as a scaffold, not as a crutch, and recommends monitored, guided integration. The study briefly theorizes the balancing of AI integration by using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Student Development Theory (SDT), and the framework of Vygotsky's ZPD, and recommend educators and students professionally moderate the use of ChatGPT in education to utilize it responsibly so that students learn with technology, without compromising academic integrity and cognitive development. This paper concludes with a comprehensive account of educational implications for educators, policymakers, and learners for the advancement of AI in their learning and education.
Dr. Bikash Nath, Dr. Binoy Brot Rajkhowa
One of the major findings of the research on the development and growth of the tea plantations in colonial Assam has been the consistency in implications of the British planters’ scientific knowledge in converting the wild periphery of the distant part of the newly annexed territory into the edenic manifestation of a garden .But we delve deeper into the historical background of the production of tea as one of the major mercantile goods in terms of its capacity to occupy a very respectable position in the world of commerce for the interests of the British colonial empire then we could see that it was the Chinese methods of scientific production of tea that was deployed in generating the knowledge about the further growth of tea cultivation in Assam. It was not the British science that was assumed to be the catalyst of making Assam a safe haven for increasing rate of export of tea instead of the Chinese import of tea but it was the art of scientific knowledge of producing tea which was utilized through the mercantile skill of the British tea entrepreneurs The paper would try to analyze how the British colonial state took help in the initial stage of production of tea from the Chinese experts in order to consolidate the hold over the methods of cultivation of tea in a more appropriate way .In today’s perspective , the chai diplomacy has a great leverage in increasing strong diplomatic relation of the Indian republic with the South East Asian countries through coming out of the colonial hangovers.
Chinonye Austin Ekwujuru, Ugonna Obi-Emeruwa
This study examines the relationship between citizens' participation and election outcomes in Nigeria, aiming to determine the extent to which citizens' engagement affects electoral results. With the 2027 general elections on the horizon, the research seeks to provide insights into how increased participation can shape future electoral processes and outcomes. The study adopts a quantitative research approach, utilizing primary data from a survey conducted by Afrobarometer in December 2023, which included 1,398 observations. Secondary data were sourced from government reports, media, and Non-governmental Organizations (NGO) publications to contextualize and support the findings. The methodology involved statistical analysis to examine the correlation between citizens' participation and election outcomes, focusing on variables such as representation, accountability, and the credibility of elections. The research findings reveal a positive correlation between citizens' participation and its influence on election outcomes in Nigeria. Specifically, higher levels of citizen engagement were associated with elections that better reflect voter preferences, ensure accountability, and enhance the credibility of electoral processes. Based on these findings, the study recommends policy formulations that create an enabling environment for increased citizen participation in the 2027 elections, i.e., reviewing and strengthening the 2022 amended Electoral Act to ensure free and fair elections, revising civic education curricula to foster awareness of participatory democracy among younger generations, and leveraging technology to improve voter accessibility and trust in the electoral system.
Riza Mae H. Gerodias, Roel T. Lim
The digital transformation of government services has been promoted to improve efficiency, accessibility, and client experience; however, the successful implementation of such platforms depends largely on users’ readiness to adopt them. This study assessed the readiness of clients of the Pag-IBIG Fund – San Francisco Branch and its extension office, the Tandag Member Services Office, to adopt Virtual Pag-IBIG services for loan and benefit transactions. Specifically, the study examined clients’ demographic profile and their level of readiness in terms of digital literacy, perceived usefulness and ease of use, trust and perceived security, accessibility and usability, and legal awareness and institutional support. Persistent reliance on in-branch transactions, despite the availability of online services, underscored the need for a localized assessment of client readiness in a provincial setting. The study employed a descriptive research design and involved 122 Pag-IBIG clients selected through convenience sampling. Data were gathered using a validated and reliable structured questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Results showed that clients were generally Much Ready to adopt Virtual Pag-IBIG services, with legal awareness and institutional support and perceived usefulness and ease of use obtaining the highest mean ratings. Significant differences in readiness were found when respondents were grouped according to income level, internet connectivity, and type of digital device used, while age, sex, and educational attainment showed no significant differences. Security concerns, unfamiliarity with the system, and limited digital skills emerged as the most common barriers. Based on the findings, a Client Adoption Enhancement Framework was developed to strengthen digital literacy, trust, accessibility, and institutional support. The study provided empirical evidence to guide Pag-IBIG Fund administrators and policymakers in improving inclusive and effective digital service delivery at the branch level.
Mohd Aiman Barudin
Clinical research is essential to the progress of modern medicine, especially in developing safe and effective therapies, pharmaceuticals, and health technologies. Ethical oversight of clinical trials is largely shaped by international frameworks such as ICH Good Clinical Practice (E6[R3]) and national standards including the Malaysian Guideline for Good Clinical Practice (4th Edition). Together, these frameworks prioritize participant protection, scientific integrity, informed consent, and institutional accountability. In Muslim-majority settings such as Malaysia, ethical appraisal of hospital-based research may be strengthened by a complementary normative lens grounded in Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah (the objectives of Islamic law). This article offers a conceptual analysis of clinical research ethics in hospital environments through Maqāṣid reasoning while critically engaging Western bioethical principlism. Using a qualitative, library-based approach, the study synthesizes classical and contemporary Maqāṣid scholarship alongside regulatory and healthcare ethics literature. The analysis indicates that the preservation of life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), intellect (ḥifẓ al-ʿaql), wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl), lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl), and religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn), supported by the pursuit of maṣlaḥah (public benefit) and the prevention of mafsadah (harm), provides a holistic and purpose-oriented ethical framework. Beyond aligning with global governance standards, the Maqāṣid approach adds ethical depth by emphasizing moral intention, spiritual accountability, and socio-communal welfare. Integrating Maqāṣid into Malaysian clinical research governance may therefore enhance ethical robustness while remaining compatible with international regulatory expectations. This paper proposes a two-layer framework for IRB deliberation that maintains GCP requirements while incorporating Maqāṣid-oriented ethical considerations for Malaysian hospital governance.
ADEDIPE Oluwaseyi Ayodele, ADETUNJI Oluwaseun Titilope, FAJIMI Adedayo
This study examined the effect of cloud-based accounting systems (CBAS) on the financial reporting quality (FRQ) of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Specifically, it assessed the influence of CBAS on financial report transparency and disclosure quality, the reliability and accuracy of reported earnings, and the timeliness and efficiency of financial reporting. A survey research design was adopted, targeting professionals directly involved in financial reporting processes within licensed Nigerian DMBs. Using G*Power, a minimum sample size was determined; however, 400 respondents were surveyed to enhance generalizability and statistical robustness. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale and analysed using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that CBAS significantly improved transparency and disclosure quality, with cost-effectiveness, security and compliance, and integration and scalability emerging as key predictors. The results further showed that security and compliance, integration and scalability, and user-friendliness significantly enhanced the reliability and accuracy of reported earnings. Additionally, integration and scalability and cost-effectiveness positively influenced the timeliness and efficiency of financial reporting, although user-friendliness exhibited a negative effect on timeliness. Overall, the study concludes that CBAS significantly enhance financial reporting quality in Nigerian DMBs and recommends strategic technological investment, capacity building, and supportive regulatory frameworks to maximize digital transformation benefits in the banking sector.
Miguel Alberto Montañez Romero
The aim of this literature review was to analyze the relationship between video games and cognitive functions in young people. A search was conducted in academic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Dialnet, and Google Scholar) between 2020 and 2025, using Boolean connectors (*AND, OR, NOT*) and keywords such as video games, gamification, cognitive functions, Empirical articles and reviews addressing the youth population (12–25 years old) with analyses of cognitive functions were included. Studies with an exclusively clinical population, gray literature, and publications without access to full text were excluded. Forty articles were identified and classified according to the type of video game and the cognitive functions studied. The results show several categories of video games with positive effects on attention, working memory, executive functions, metacognition, and abstract reasoning. Similarly, results were obtained showing negative consequences on attention, self-regulation, and academic performance. In conclusion, the impact of video games on cognition is heterogeneous and depends on gender, context of use, and regulation of exposure time. These findings highlight the need to integrate video games in a pedagogical and regulated manner, as well as to continue researching their effects to maximize benefits and prevent risks associated with addiction.
AJohn Christian Mark M. Hamac, LPT, Alma C. Largo, Arnel E. Bulaan, MAED-Math (CAR), Ferilyn D. Galvez, LPT, Gloribien Gem C. Bacang, MSciEd, Jerome B. Ladion, LPT, Osias C. Juano Jr, Rose Marie M. Dejino, LPT
This study explored the impact of collaborative learning strategies on the academic performance of Grade 7 students in mathematics. It examined students' profiles in terms of age and gender, as well as pre-test and post-test performance, identified strategies influencing academic outcomes, assessed changes in performance, analyzed the relationship between collaborative learning and academic success, and gathered student perceptions on these methods. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental design, the research measured students' performance before and after implementing collaborative strategies such as Think-Pair-Share, Jigsaw, and Group Work. The findings revealed a significant improvement in mathematics performance following collaborative learning techniques. Statistical analysis confirmed a strong relationship between these strategies and academic success. The study also suggested further research on various collaborative learning approaches across different subjects, teacher training programs to enhance implementation, and broader studies to validate these findings.
Mukucha Mugove
Gender equality remains a cornerstone of sustainable social development, yet in Zimbabwe, the persistent use of sexist language in meetings, workshops, and public gatherings continues to reinforce gender hierarchies and marginalize the girl child. This study is of critical importance as it interrogates the linguistic and cultural foundations that perpetuate gender bias, aiming to advance gender-neutral communication as a pathway to empowerment and equity. Despite numerous gender mainstreaming policies, a significant research gap exists in understanding how everyday sexist discourse sustains systemic inequalities and limits girls’ participation and agency in social, educational, and professional spaces. The primary objective of this study is to examine the prevalence, forms, and socio-cultural implications of sexist language in Zimbabwean institutional and community contexts, and to propose strategies for promoting inclusive and gender-sensitive communication. Adopting a mixed-methods design, the research combines qualitative interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis with quantitative surveys conducted across government, educational, and civic institutions. Data will be analysed thematically and statistically to capture both the depth and breadth of linguistic gender bias. Preliminary findings indicate that sexist language is deeply embedded in traditional communication practices, institutional norms, and even policy discourse, resulting in subtle but pervasive disempowerment of girls and women. However, evidence also points to a growing awareness and readiness among educators, policymakers, and community leaders to adopt gender-neutral communication frameworks. The study’s implications are profound: by reshaping linguistic norms, Zimbabwe can cultivate environments that affirm equality, inclusivity, and respect. The research contributes to global discourse on gender and language while providing actionable recommendations for policymakers, educators, and advocacy groups to dismantle linguistic barriers and foster the full empowerment of the girl child.
Dg Norizah Ag Kiflee @ Dzulkifli, Karmilah Binti Liashin
Improving teacher performance remains a central priority within Malaysia’s TS25 reform, which seeks to enhance instructional quality and school effectiveness nationwide. Although leadership and innovation have been widely examined, limited empirical evidence explains how communicative school climates and teachers’ digital pedagogical competence jointly shape professional performance. This study addresses this gap by examining the direct and complementary effects of school climate communication and digital competence on teacher performance in TS25 secondary schools in Sabah. A quantitative survey was conducted with 350 teachers selected through stratified random sampling, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypothesized relationships. The findings reveal that school climate communication is the strongest predictor of teacher performance, highlighting the importance of transparent dialogue, collaborative culture, and supportive leadership in strengthening instructional effectiveness. Digital pedagogical competence also demonstrates a significant positive effect, particularly in enhancing teachers’ capacity to implement innovative and adaptive instructional practices. Furthermore, a supportive communicative climate amplifies the contribution of digital competence, indicating a complementary interaction between organizational and individual resources. Theoretically, the study advances organizational communication and teacher effectiveness literature by situating digital competence within the Job Demands–Resources framework, emphasizing the synergy between contextual and personal resources in shaping performance outcomes. Practically, the findings underscore the need for policymakers and school leaders to cultivate supportive communicative environments while sustaining continuous digital professional development, especially in reform-driven and resource-diverse contexts such as Sabah where teacher performance is critical to long-term educational transformation.
Nel Gabriel L. Arroyo
This study investigates the effectiveness of the Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee (BDRRMC) Search and Rescue (SAR) Team of Barangay Ibayugan, Buhi, Camarines Sur, during Severe Tropical Storm (STS) Kristine. Situated in a geographically vulnerable area prone to flooding and landslides, the community's reliance on the SAR team's preparedness and response capabilities was critical. The primary objectives were to evaluate the SAR team's preparedness, resource adequacy, coordination efficacy, and response outcomes, while also identifying operational challenges and proposing evidence-based improvements. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research combined qualitative data gathered through semi-structured interviews with barangay officials, SAR team members, and affected residents with quantitative data obtained from surveys assessing the team's performance. Barangay records and relevant documents were also analyzed to corroborate the findings. The results indicated that while the SAR team had received foundational training, a significant lack of essential resources hampered their operational effectiveness. Adverse weather conditions, the absence of critical equipment, and difficult access to affected areas presented substantial obstacles. However, strong community engagement and the team's adaptive capacity enabled them to conduct rescue operations that successfully prevented fatalities and minimized injuries. The study recommends the provision of essential rescue equipment, the implementation of advanced and specialized training programs, and the improvement of infrastructure to ensure better accessibility during emergencies. Despite facing resource limitations, the SAR team's teamwork, adaptability, and the robust support from the community were pivotal in safeguarding lives, leading to an overall assessment of moderate effectiveness. Strategic investments in enhanced equipment, continuous and advanced training, and deeper community involvement are crucial for bolstering disaster response capabilities in Barangay Ibayugan.
Cromwell R. Cabalu
This community needs assessment was conducted among 95 residents of Barangay Palico II in Imus City, Cavite, to identify sectoral needs and perceptions aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The demographic profile showed a predominantly young and middle-aged population, with 46.32% aged 13–32 and 41.05% aged 33–52, mostly male (60%) and unmarried (53.68%). Household sizes ranged from 3 to 6 members, reflecting extended family arrangements. The community demonstrated a robust existing support system, with 80-85% reporting access to health and nutrition centers, ambulatory services, and emergency response units, supporting SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being). Educational infrastructure was well-established, with 75-76% recognizing school facilities and scholarship grants, contributing to SDG 4 (Quality Education). Social welfare programs such as financial aid and disaster reduction are accessible to 6679% of residents, aligning with SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). Residents prioritized emergency services (mean = 3.80), health/nutrition centers (3.76), and medical assistance (3.74). Perceptions across most demographic variables were homogeneous, except in perceptions of health seminars and infrastructure, which significantly varied with education level (p = 0.039 and p = 0.022, respectively). The community collectively recognizes the importance of healthcare, education, safety, and environmental sustainability, supporting SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 15 (Life on Land). These findings provide a foundation for developing targeted community extension programs focused on strengthening emergency healthcare, expanding educational support, improving infrastructure, and promoting environmental conservation, thereby fostering inclusive and sustainable community development in line with the SDGs
Stephen Ajanga Obah ECHOCHU
In the face of persistent insecurity and the erosion of formal state protection, communities caught in the Anglophone armed conflict in Cameroon have had no choice but to adopt self-survival strategies as a means to navigate the high insecurity and stay safe. This research examines the community-driven safety mechanisms adopted by civilians to navigate the Anglophone armed conflict, with a specific focus on the rural community of Tole-Bwiyuku and the peri-urban settlement of Mile 16 Bolifamba in the South West Region of Cameroon. Anchored in the Community Resilience Theory, the research challenges the perception of conflict-affected populations as passive victims, thereby highlighting their roles as active agents in their own protection. With a qualitative research approach and a comparative case study design, data were collected through ten (10) Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), two (02) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) of eight (08) members per group, and direct field observations. The findings reveal five core safety strategies: unarmed civilian self-protection, informal early-warning and information-sharing systems, collective negotiation with armed actors, mobility and routine adaptation, and the formation of community watch (vigilante) groups. The study demonstrates that while Tole-Bwiyuku prioritized agricultural continuity and Mile 16 focused on navigating transit-related volatility, both communities leveraged social cohesion, local legitimacy, and traditional institutions to mitigate violence in the absence of state protection. These findings offer critical insights for peacebuilders and humanitarian actors, suggesting that resilience-based interventions should be rooted in existing grassroots networks to enhance civilian security and social continuity in fragile contexts.
Bayu Mangkurat, Filda Rahmiati, Genoveva Genoveva, Kukuh Haikal Tarigan
Moringa (kelor) is a nutrient-dense "miracle tree" known for its high vitamin and mineral content, which benefits newborns, children, and pre- and pregnant women. It promises to treat stunting and malnutrition. While the Indonesian government promotes moringa, widespread adoption remains limited due to cultural misconceptions, poor public knowledge, and lack of collaboration. This study aims to promote moringa utilization through a community-based intervention trial in Bekasi Regency, focusing on families having access to local moringa trees, resulting in enhanced perceptions of moringa's health benefits and higher family consumption. Community members were engaged in entrepreneurial and nutritional activities through participatory tecniques such as culinary demos, teaching workshops, and small-scale product development. Monthly health seminars were held in an area of Bekasi Regency during a five-month period, with roughly 100 participants. Mrs. Milah is a local inventor who created moringa-based products such as chips, pudding, meatballs, and sambal, increasing children's acceptability and household income while also providing as an example of successful SMEs promoting healthful snack options in the community. The results reveal enhanced views of moringa's health advantages, increased household consumption, and the expansion of community-based micro-enterprises. Mrs. Milah, whose moringa-based innovations have become a local SME model, reported that demand for moringa products increased about fivefold while revenues quintupled as a greater number of people in the community repurchased the product after realizing the benefits of Moringa consumption. Moringa pudding has also been promoted in communities through Posyandu events as part of stunting prevention initiatives. These findings show moringa's potential for improving nutrition and promoting sustainable livelihoods. This study proposes a scalable methodology for combining nutrition improvement with rural business. Collaboration between the government, academia, and the corporate sector must be strengthened in order to increase moringa cultivation training, market access, and community motivation.
Azlin Yajid, Nor Adillah Ahmad Mazlan, Norfadhilah Hasan
Programme Educational Outcomes (PEO) serve as long-term indicators of graduate achievement and curriculum effectiveness within the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) framework. This study examines and compares the attainment of PEO among graduates of the Diploma in Electronic Engineering (Communication) (DEP) programme at Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia. The analysis focuses on four key outcomes: the ability to practice as technicians in electronic engineering related fields, contribute to society with ethical and professional responsibility, engage in enterprising activities using engineering and technical skills, and participate in ongoing knowledge enhancement for career development. The findings show that all PEOs met the target Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) across the evaluated cohorts, indicating strong alignment between the programme’s educational objectives and the curriculum delivered. Although overall attainment was satisfactory, the comparative analysis highlights variations between cohorts that reveal both strengths and areas for further enhancement. These insights support continuous quality improvement efforts and reinforce the effective implementation of OBE within Malaysian polytechnic education.
Dr Ndongwe Evershine, Zirima Desline
This paper explores the comparative effectiveness of two literacy initiatives in Zimbabwe: The Early Reading Initiative (ERI) and the Teaching Handwriting, Reading, and Spelling Skills (THRASS) program. Given the critical importance of early literacy for lifelong learning and development, this study assesses each program's alignment with Zimbabwe's Heritage-Based Curriculum. Employing a desk study methodology, the analysis reviews policy documents, program manuals, and empirical studies to evaluate how effectively each initiative addresses linguistic diversity, cultural inclusivity, and scalability in diverse educational contexts. Findings indicate that while THRASS offers structured phonics instruction beneficial in urban areas, ERI's holistic approach integrating indigenous languages and community involvement emerges as the more effective model across varied socio-economic settings. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers, emphasizing the need for adaptable, culturally relevant literacy frameworks to enhance educational outcomes in Zimbabwe.
Ksh. Birbal Singh, Moirangthem Amarjit Singh
Anthropometric characteristics are essential determinants of athletic performance and play a significant role in distinguishing the physical profiles required for different sports. The study aimed to compare selected anthropometric measurements between male football and hockey players of Manipur. A total of 120 (n = 120) state-level male players were randomly selected for the study, comprising 60 football male players from the Sports Authority of India (SAI) Centre, Takyel, and 60 hockey male players from regular coaching centres under the Department of Youth Affairs and Sports, Manipur. The selected anthropometric variables included body mass, stretch stature (standing height), sitting height, and arm span, measured using standardized anthropometric instruments. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation were used to summarize the data. To examine the significance of differences between football and hockey players, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied at the 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed noticeable variations in selected anthropometric measurements between football and hockey players, reflecting the sport-specific physical demands of each game. These findings suggest that anthropometric characteristics differ according to the nature of the sport and may influence performance and training adaptations.
Nik Mastura Nik Ismail Azlan.,, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Shairah Hana Sulaiman, Siti Nursabrina Md Yunus, Siti Sarah Roselan
This quantitative study investigated how different types of critical thinking are associated with group work and pair work among 174 university students using a questionnaire with 44-item under three sections. Findings show learners most strongly apply evaluative and people-oriented thinking skills when solving complex problems and judging others’ ideas. Collaborative communication is highly characterised by shared goals, trust and learning from mistakes in group work, meanwhile explanation, idea exchange and shared responsibility are strongest in pair work. Strong positive relationships were found between critical thinking and group work (r=.651) as well as pair work (r=.573), with no significant differences across academic clusters. The results indicate that both collaborative formats support critical thinking through complementary interaction patterns. The findings further reveal that learners demonstrate consistent use of thought-oriented, action-oriented and people-oriented thinking across collaborative contexts. Group work encourages collective problem solving, flexible processes and mutual trust, while pair work promotes focused dialogue, knowledge construction and shared responsibility between partners. Overall, the patterns suggest that collaborative learning environments provide supportive conditions that stimulate higher order thinking, communication and engagement among university learners. These results reinforce the importance of carefully designed collaborative tasks that balance interaction structure and learner participation in different learning situations across university classrooms and academic courses in higher education contexts today and beyond globally for diverse learners worldwide today effectively and efficiently. The study suggests that deliberately structured group and pair activities should be integrated across disciplines to enhance students’ problem-solving and critical thinking skills in higher education settings.
Dr. Robert Lee C. Remigio, Mary Lovely A. Dela Cruz, RSW
This study looked into the level of compassion of the healthcare professionals dwelled into the perceptions of the patients as well as the barriers affecting compassion. The study employed a quantitative research design utilizing a descriptive-correlational approach, the study focused on 160 healthcare professionals and 130 patients. Data were collected through survey and analyzed using frequency counts and percentage, weighted mean, and spearman rank correlation. The study found that majority of the healthcare professionals belong to young adulthood, female, married, roman catholic, with five years and below of healthcare work experience. Most of the nurses are college graduates earning around Php15,000 to Php25,000, while the majority of the doctors are fellows earning Php55,000 and above monthly. On the other hand, the largest portion of the patients belong to young adulthood (26.9%), female (70%), married (58.5%), roman catholic (80.8%), finished secondary education (40.8%), with Php10,957 and below monthly income (56.2%). Majority of their diagnosis belongs to cardiovascular diseases (21.5%). Care (4.08), competence (4.5), communication (4.06), courage (4.04) and commitment (4.01), altogether garnered a grand mean of 4.07 indicating that the healthcare professionals as highly compassionate healthcare in each area assessed. Barriers such as burnout (3.41), external distractions (3.19), difficult patient/family (3.04) and clinical complexity (3.15), further confirmed with a 3.19 grand mean, indicates moderate impediment of the healthcare professional’s ability to provide compassionate care towards patients. The level of compassion is not influenced by the patient’s profile. However, perception of commitment is highly influenced by the patient’s educational attainment. The study concludes that the interconnected nature of data derived from the investigation necessitates the development of a structured and person-centered guide that targets not the only the healthcare professionals but also external contributors such as but not limited with patients, healthcare team and the healthcare institutions. Thus, COMPASSion Framework for Care Providers is proposed.
Edna Luz R. Abulon, Lizzette C. Elago, RPm
This phenomenological research delves into the lived experiences of school-based mental healthcare providers who engaged in counseling during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Through qualitative analysis, the study identifies key themes that depict the providers' adaptation to evolving counseling methods and the personal meaning they derive from their professional roles. Themes emerged around the challenges of technological adaptation, heightened student mental health needs, expanded professional roles, pandemic-related impacts, and contemplation of career trajectories. Providers attribute significance to their roles by navigating complexities in balancing personal and professional considerations, finding purpose in meaningful connections, and evolving responsibilities within their practice. Policy recommendations derived from the findings highlight the imperative to enhance technological proficiency, ensure financial stability with job security measures, provide ongoing professional development opportunities, and foster mental well-being through self-care initiatives and equitable resource allocation. These recommendations aim to bolster provider resilience and optimize support for students in future emergencies, contributing to a more robust and adaptive school-based mental healthcare system.
Cellyne N. Anudo, Jackline B. Arege, Ouma Lyner Atieno
Language plays a pivotal role in advancing political agenda. There are varied ways through which such agenda are propagated one of them being debate. Debates generally and televised ones specifically, fulfill a valuable democratic function by enabling voters to evaluate potential leaders and their policies. In Kenya, these televised debates have become an integral part of democratic dialogue, determining how citizens judge integrity, governance models and preparedness to rule. This study sought to examine how the deputy presidential candidates adhered to Grice’s conversational maxims during the 2022 Kenyan Deputy Presidential Debate. The intention of this study was to contribute to discourse studies by bringing to the fore how actors in the political arena use language as a tactical tool in momentous electoral communication, and to foster a more profound intellectual grasp of the connection between pragmatics, and ideology in Kenyan political debates. The study was guided by Fairclough’s Dialectical Relational Approach (hereafter DRA) (1992, 2001) and Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle. Fairclough’s three-dimensional model was crucial because it provided an in-depth understanding on the structure of the discourse while Grice’s maxims gauged whether the parameters within which conversations should be carried out to ensure effective communication are adhered to. The study adopted a qualitative descriptive design and through purposive sampling excerpts from the debate were selected. The study revealed that candidates adhered to the maxims of Quality, Quantity, Relevance and Manner.
Almazan, Xian EJ., Alviso, RJ Thamas Q., Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Braga, Reymund P., Buligan, Raniel., Carriaga, Kristine A., Dabalos, Kaeshia Kimberly S., Dominise, Joseph B., Gonato, Chris Nikko S., Jamile, Roy Jake M., Jocel T. Labadan, Malinao, Avril D., Nacario, Justine P., Ortilano, Say V.
This study examined the mediating effect of computer literacy on the relationship between metacognitive awareness and computer self-efficacy among learners. It investigated the levels of metacognitive awareness, computer literacy, and computer self-efficacy. Furthermore, it assessed the significant relationships among the variables: computer literacy and computer self-efficacy, computer self-efficacy and metacognitive awareness, and computer literacy and metacognitive awareness. The study also explored the role of computer literacy as a mediator in these relationships. A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive-correlational research design was employed, using a sample of learners selected through stratified random sampling. The statistical tools utilized in the study included the mean, Pearson’s (r), mediation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that the levels of metacognitive awareness, computer literacy, and computer self-efficacy were high. Moreover, all relationships among the variables were found to be statistically significant: metacognitive awareness and computer literacy; computer literacy and computer self-efficacy; and metacognitive awareness and computer self-efficacy. Additionally, the results indicated that computer literacy partially mediated the relationship between computer self-efficacy and metacognitive awareness. These findings suggest that improving computer literacy enhances learners’ computer self-efficacy and their skills in using computers.
Mir Mokaddesh Ali
Organizational leadership has become increasingly crucial in today's rapidly changing environment and is seen as a key success component. Transformational leadership is one of leadership styles that have attracted much attention because of its capacity to motivate the people who follow it, stimulate creativity and initiate change in the organizations. This paper seeks to analyze the essence, central features, uses, and weaknesses of transformational leadership by use of a systematic review of literature available. As a review-based research, the paper drew on the research results of peer-reviewed journal articles, governmental reports and industry publications and accessed databases like Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. It is disclosed in the literature that transformational leadership has a positive impact on employee motivation, commitment, innovation, and organizational performance through creating a shared vision and enhancing relationships between leaders and their followers. Transformational leadership has four key elements; idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration, which are crucial towards improving both individual and group-level performance. Nevertheless, the review also reveals a number of issues related to this type of leadership such as ethical issues, the danger of abusing power, excessive dependence on charismatic leaders, and the lack of concentration of the current research on short-term results. The results suggest that further studies with a focus on exploring the long-term effects of transformational leadership on organizational sustainability, employee welfare, and performance are necessary. In general, this review can conclude that transformational leadership is still an effective and topical form of leadership.
A.U. Emela, C.O. Vitus-Dike, K.C. Ubaku
This study examines the tensions, contestations, and shifting dynamics of Christian denominations in the aftermath of colonialism and the Nigerian Civil War. Southeastern Nigeria, predominantly Christian, witnessed a resurgence of denominational identities in the post-war period, marked by intense competition for membership, legitimacy, and influence among Catholic, Anglican, and Pentecostal traditions. While Christianity served as a unifying faith that offered hope, healing, and moral reconstruction in a devastated region, it simultaneously became a ground for rivalry that fractured communities and challenged the ecumenical ideals of the faith. Drawing on oral interviews, personal observations, and secondary sources, the research interrogates the roots and manifestations of interdenominational conflict in the region. It highlights the theological disputes, institutional rivalries, and contestations over resources, status, and cultural authority that underpinned these conflicts. The study further shows that denominational competition extended into politics, education, and social life, shaping patterns of communal allegiance and generating mistrust among Christians who otherwise professed a common faith. The analysis situates these rivalries within the broader post-colonial struggle for identity and relevance, as churches sought to reassert authority in a rapidly transforming society. Importantly, the research also underscores the impact of rivalry on social cohesion, gender roles within the church, and the prospects of ecumenism. By 2013, the persistence of denominational conflicts revealed the paradox of Christianity in the region, simultaneously a force of unity and division. Ultimately, the work contributes to scholarship on religion and society by illuminating how Christianity in Southeastern Nigeria embodies both the resilience of faith and the fragility of unity. It calls for a rethinking of interdenominational relations, emphasizing dialogue, inclusivity, and reconciliation as pathways toward authentic Christian faith.
Dr. (Mrs.) Omolola F. Aromolaran
The paper examines the concept of continuing education as a catalyst for development in the present Democratic Dispensation in Nigeria. The paper explains the relationship that exists between Adult and Continuing education. It further states that Continuing Education and other programmes under adult education are still very relevant in the present-day depressed economy. The paper goes further to look at the functions of Continuing education, the impact or societal changes on continuing education such as the nagging depressed economy which encourages expansion of continuing education that has makes it possible for all citizens to embark on various programmes because of its flexibility. The rapid technological changes and increasing inflation likewise the demand for multi-skills acquisition which are all calling for a growing efforts in continuing education, so as to enhance the nation’s democratic dispensation in Nigeria.
Dr. (Mrs) Busayo Sarah Takpa
This research work examined the contributing effect of closed pension fund on sustainable Nigerian economic development. Time series data from the period of 2007 to 2023 were sourced from the annual reports of Pension Commission. Auto Regression Distributed Lag technique was used for estimation with the aid E-view version 12 statistical tool. Dependent variable, per capita income was used to measure sustainable economic development while contribution from the closed pension fund scheme was an independent variable. The regression result showed that closed pension fund has a negative and non statistical significant effect on per Capita income in Nigeria. The study recommended that the PENCOM should conduct a thorough review that would reveal the reasons behind the negative effect of closed pension funds on per capita income and consider merging or consolidating closed pension funds with other pension schemes funds to improve economies of scale.
Yvonne Georgina Tovar Silva
The aim of the research is to identify the contributions of artificial intelligence to achieving gender equality conditions in the decision-making processes of indigenous groups and communities in energy projects. Although local laws and international commitments protect the right to free, prior, and informed consent, experiences in Latin America indicate that women may encounter obstacles to representation in local communities, lack sufficient information, or have their needs, concerns, and desires overlooked regarding the impact of planned activities within their territories. Through the historic and analytical methods, this research will explore the vulnerability of indigenous women, as well as the rules and landmark cases that have interpreted the scope of the free, prior, and informed consent, which is important for the development of energy infrastructure. In this regard, further strategies should be implemented to effectively communicate with indigenous people. It is deemed that the appropriate use of artificial intelligence could be an important tool to explain clearly the risks and benefits of the energy projects and allow women to participate to offer some suggestions for improvements according to their own needs and aspirations, as well as to identify paths to achieve energy justice. The theoretical approach of this research will lead to further developments of artificial intelligence to assist women involved in the energy decision-making processes and explore further horizons for gender equality. In addition, it is important to consider that the uses of artificial intelligence should be aimed at helping vulnerable people. In this regard, the paths and challenges of artificial intelligence as a tool to contribute to the protection of human rights should be explored.
Ng Han Yu, Nooraneda Mutalip Laidey*
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of hedonic motivation, convenience motivation, and information quality on consumers' intention to use online food delivery services in Malaysia. A total of 168 respondents participated in this study. Data were collected using a convenience sampling method. The findings revealed that hedonic motivation, convenience motivation, and information quality are positively related to the intention to use online food delivery services in Malaysia. Interestingly, this study uncovered that hedonic motivation has the highest effect on consumers’ intention to use online food delivery services. This shows that the relevant stakeholders, including platform providers, restaurant owners, and marketers, should focus on developing a platform that tends to invoke enjoyable and pleasurable feelings. This can be done through exciting promotions, entertaining games or features, or even providing customizable features according to consumers’ preferences, so that when consumers experience pleasure or enjoyment, they are more likely to continue utilizing the platform, resulting in increased use and profitability for the stakeholders.
Adedipe Oluwaseyi Ayodele (Ph. D), Adegbite Sunday Timothy (Ph. D)
In recent times, the study of factors that affect tax strategies of companies has gained a huge research attention due to its relevant in determining the success of nation. However, this study broadly investigated the impact of corporate social responsibility on tax strategies in Nigerian public companies. This study specifically examined; the effect of employee social welfare, environmental maintenance cost and firm donation cost on tax strategies measure by effective tax rate in Nigerian Public Companies. This study was anchored on corporate culture theory and agency theory and adopted ex-post facto research design by employing secondary data collated from the annual reports and accounts of a sample size of fifty-four (54) Nigerian Public Companies from 2013-2022. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and correlation. It was found that employees’ social welfare cost had negative and significant effect on tax Strategies (t-val.= -7.074, P-val. < 0.05) which suggested that increase in employee social welfare cost exhibited significant decrease in tax strategies. Environmental maintenance cost had negative and significant effect on tax strategies (t-val.= -12.559, P-val. < 0.05). This finding further suggested that increase in environmental maintenance cost exhibited significant decrease in tax strategies. Donation cost had negative and insignificant effect on tax strategies (t-val.= -18.996, P-val. < 0.05). This finding suggested that increase in donation cost exhibited significant decrease in their tax strategies. This study concluded that increasing the costs of investments in corporate social responsibility through employee social welfare costs, environmental maintenance costs, and donations, have a significant negative effect on tax strategies in Nigerian Public Companies. It was recommended among others that the Nigerian public companies should actively invest in corporate social responsibility by increasing employee social welfare costs, environmental maintenance costs, and donations costs in order to minimise tax strategies.
Michael DC Gabanit
This study employed correlational analysis of student essays within a descriptive-correlational research design to quantify writing quality and examine relationships with demographic variables. Using a modified rubric by Ozfidan and Mitchell (2022), the respondents' written Narrative, Persuasive, Argumentative, and Informative Essays were assessed by a team of licensed English teachers in the Pantabangan District, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, for the ESL students’ writing conventions: grammar, mechanics, sentence structure, and vocabulary. The current study's results showed that while students displayed strong academic performance and a preference for English, their written texts were below average in grammar, mechanics, and sentence structure but average in substance and vocabulary. Gender and subject preference showed no statistically significant association with writing proficiency, whereas average grades and parents' educational attainment demonstrated significant correlations with writing quality. Given the correlational design, these findings indicate association rather than causation. Recommendations include longitudinal research to examine further developmental trajectories, targeted instructional support for identified weak areas, and strengthened parent–teacher collaboration informed by the observed patterns. The proposed intervention program, "Project Write Right: A Skill-Targeted Writing Intervention and Enhancement," was also recommended for adoption by school principals and district-level English coordinators, with potential for broader implementation.
Ancheta, Oscar Jr, Dawey, Filemon C, Enriquez, Karylle Cindy C, Pascua, Jamaica Angel A, Tangente, Royce Jay C
Early childhood education points out an increasing emphasis on the development of numeracy skills, which serve as the foundation for future mathematical learning. This explanatory sequential mixed-method approach was used to gather data on the counting abilities of preschool learners and the teaching strategies used by teachers. It addresses the numeracy development of preschoolers, more specifically their early number sense, as well as the effectiveness of preschoolers’ counting skills and kindergarten instructional methods used by educators. This study examined the level of counting abilities of preschoolers in public schools in San Fernando City. Data were collected through assessment tests administered to kindergarten learners and one-on-one interviews with kindergarten teachers, which revealed the current level of preschoolers’ counting abilities as well as the teaching methods used to scaffold their development. Findings suggest that integrating tangible materials and flexible teaching strategies in early childhood education is essential for nurturing a strong number sense, which can enhance counting abilities.
Mohd Hasrol Haffiz Aliasak, Norwaliza Abdul Wahab, Nurul Farhani Che Ghani, Rafidah Abd Karim, Ramlee Mustapha
Indigenous women contribute significantly to household survival and community resilience through traditional livelihood practices, yet their economic roles remain underrepresented in development research and policy. This study examines how handicraft production supports sustainable livelihoods and women’s empowerment among Orang Asli women in Malaysia. Adopting a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Orang Asli women who are actively involved in handicraft-making within their communities. The interviews explored participants’ livelihood experiences, income generation, skill transmission, perceived benefits, and challenges associated with sustaining handicraft activities. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify key patterns and meanings. The findings indicate that handicraft-based activities function as an important source of supplementary income, contributing to household economic stability while enabling women to maintain cultural traditions and indigenous knowledge. Participation in handicraft production enhanced women’s sense of self-worth, financial autonomy, and involvement in household decision-making, reflecting multiple dimensions of empowerment. However, participants also reported persistent structural constraints, including limited access to markets, inconsistent demand, inadequate financial and institutional support, and challenges related to raw materials and production capacity. Despite these limitations, Orang Asli women demonstrated resilience and adaptability by combining traditional skills with informal livelihood strategies. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on indigenous women’s livelihoods by providing context-specific insights into the lived experiences of Orang Asli women in Malaysia. The findings offer important implications for inclusive development initiatives and policy interventions aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). Strengthening support for handicraft-based livelihoods can enhance sustainable and equitable development outcomes for indigenous women.
Nomelita S. LO, Edd, Richard B. Torzar
This study examined the cultivation of inclusive leadership in public secondary schools in Basud, Camarines Norte, focusing on the strategies, challenges faced, and outcomes in promoting diversity and equity. It also determined the relationship between inclusive leadership strategies and challenges and proposed an intervention based on the study’s outcomes. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was employed involving 239 educational leaders composed of school heads, teachers, and School Parents and Teachers Association (SPTA) presidents. Data was gathered using a validated researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed through weighted mean and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. Findings showed that inclusive leadership strategies were generally employed across policy and program implementation, professional development, community engagement, accessibility, well-being, and monitoring mechanisms. Policy implementation was the most practiced, while student and teacher well-being was the least. Challenges were assessed as moderately challenging with poor internet connectivity identified as the most significant concern. Relationships between strategies and challenges were generally weak and not statistically significant although significant positive relationships were found between resource constraints and professional development, and between policy alignment and well-being. Outcomes related to diversity and equity were moderately complied, indicating positive but developing results, with flexible teaching strategies showing the strongest outcome and equitable policies the weakest. The study concludes that while inclusive leadership practices are evident, gaps in consistency and sustainability remain. Thus, the study proposes the LEAD-IN INSET cum Learning Action Cell (LAC) Session: Strengthening Inclusive Leadership for Diversity and Equity in the School Community as a school-based professional development intervention to enhance inclusive leadership practices in secondary schools.
Xiao Ling
Anhui Province in China is rich in intangible cultural heritage, which is an important content of Anhui traditional culture. This study aims to take the theory of cultural discourse analysis as a guide to analyze the cultural discourse in the international communication of Anhui intangible cultural heritage in China Daily and other reports, and to explore the discourse subject, discourse content, media, and discourse effect in the practice of the international communication. The study finds that the international communication of Anhui intangible cultural heritage mainly focuses on traditional skills, folk culture, etc., and the reports are mainly positive, with rich cultural connotations and values. This study provides theoretical references and practical guidance for the analysis of cultural discourse in the international communication of intangible cultural heritage and contributes to the promotion of Chinese excellent traditional culture to the world.
Ahmad Rithaudin Md Noor, Azim Bin Sulaiman@Zakaria, Nadia Widyawati Binti Madzhi¹
With over 7 million inhabitants, Selangor is the most developed and densely populated state in Malaysia and possesses a rich cultural heritage. The Perbadanan Adat Melayu dan Warisan Negeri Selangor (PADAT) is the Selangor state-owned agency responsible for documenting, preserving, and promoting Selangor's cultural heritage. As a museum-based heritage institution, PADAT is often perceived primarily as a space for displaying artefacts. Such perceptions, however, tend to underrepresent the evolving educational functions of museums and heritage institutions, particularly their roles in facilitating learning, knowledge transmission, and community engagement. In recent years, museums worldwide have shifted from being object-centred institutions to becoming active educational spaces that support learning. Despite this shift, the pedagogical function of state-level heritage institutions in Malaysia, particularly through structured collaboration with Malaysian universities, has received limited scholarly attention. Since its establishment in 2009, PADAT has implemented a range of education-focused initiatives to sustain cultural heritage through collaboration with both public and private universities. This study aims to examine the collaborative efforts that support the transmission of Selangor’s cultural heritage, particularly through both formal and informal teaching and learning. This study employs qualitative methods, including document analysis, participant observation, and interviews with PADAT officials and academics from selected universities in Selangor. The findings show that collaborations between PADAT and universities employ a teaching and learning approach that integrates hands-on experiences, professional knowledge sharing, and community engagement across both formal and informal settings. These initiatives provide meaningful learning experiences for students while facilitating knowledge transfer and the broader dissemination of local cultural heritage. Overall, the study demonstrates that higher education institutions play a crucial pedagogical role in advancing the sustainability of cultural heritage through education-based collaboration.
Cristine A. Geroy, DM, Princess Nadzmyra Xyza M. Tabao
Employee productivity is a critical determinant of effectiveness in government institutions, particularly in revenue-generating agencies where efficiency and service quality directly influence public trust. This study examined cultural intelligence, leadership style, personality traits, and job satisfaction as determinants of employee productivity among employees of selected Revenue District Offices of the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) in Northern Mindanao. A quantitative descriptive–correlational research design was employed. Data were collected from 509 employees using validated survey instruments. Descriptive statistics and Pearson product–moment correlation were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed high levels of cultural intelligence, leadership style, personality traits, job satisfaction, and employee productivity among respondents. The results further indicated significant positive relationships between employee productivity and cultural intelligence, leadership style, personality traits, and job satisfaction. Among the variables examined, personality traits and job satisfaction demonstrated relatively stronger relationships with productivity. These findings highlight the importance of both individual attributes and organizational factors in enhancing employee productivity in public sector institutions. The study provides empirical insights that may inform leadership development programs and human resource policies aimed at strengthening employee performance in government organizations.
Effendi Bin Mohamad, Hamd Abdulla Aldhaheri, Mohamad Zahir Zainudin
This study explores the impact of digital transformation on customer loyalty, with a focus on the mediating roles of customer experience and customer trust in the context of Abu Dhabi’s digital economy. As organizations across banking, retail, e-commerce, and government services adopt advanced technologies such as AI, blockchain, and big data, there is a growing need to understand how these digital innovations influence customer relationships. Despite widespread digital adoption, a critical gap remains in understanding how customer trust bridges the relationship between digital transformation and long-term loyalty. The study aims to investigate how digital transformation enhances customer experience and trust, ultimately driving loyalty, while addressing the lack of empirical research within the Abu Dhabi market. Using a quantitative, survey-based research design, the study collects primary data from customers interacting with digitally transformed businesses, employing structural equation modeling (SEM)to test the conceptual framework and hypotheses. The scope is limited to digitally active customers in Abu Dhabi, offering context-specific insights. Upon completion, the findings will provide practical implications for businesses and policymakers seeking to strengthen loyalty through technology-driven, trust-centered strategies. The study emphasizes that digital transformation must be accompanied by meaningful experiences and ethical practices to foster sustained customer relationships.
Roshafiza Hassan, Zul Afida Abdullah
Digital transformation has intensified reliance on digital infrastructures within public education while simultaneously amplifying institutional exposure to cybersecurity risks. Yet educational leadership scholarship continues to privilege innovation and digital maturity, leaving cybersecurity under-theorised as a governance responsibility. Addressing this gap, this study developed a constructivist grounded theory of Cybersecurity Leadership within Malaysia’s public education system. Drawing on 26 semi-structured interviews across school, district, and policy levels, constant comparative analysis generated a multidimensional governance model. Findings reveal a governance internalisation process in which digital risk shifts from delegated technical management to executive accountability. Six interdependent dimensions were identified: strategic governance integration, risk-informed decision-making, cultural reinforcement, capability development, crisis leadership, and ethical stewardship. Through their recursive interaction, these dimensions generate institutional resilience and digital trust. The study reframes cybersecurity as a core executive leadership competency embedded within strategic direction-setting rather than a peripheral compliance function. By integrating socio-technical systems and organisational resilience perspectives, it advances digital leadership theory beyond innovation-centric paradigms and positions risk-informed governance as a foundational principle of sustainable digital transformation in public education.
Collade N. Murungu, Majory Nyazema, Morelate Kupfuwa
The rapid adoption of digital technologies in the banking sector has transformed service delivery, operational efficiency, and customer engagement. However, this transformation has simultaneously exposed commercial banks to escalating cybersecurity threats, particularly in developing economies. This study examines the effectiveness of cybersecurity strategies in promoting digital transformation within commercial banks in Zimbabwe. Anchored in the Technology Acceptance Theory, Routine Activity Theory, and Fraud Triangle Theory, the study adopts a positivist research philosophy and a quantitative explanatory design. Data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to employees and customers of five major Zimbabwean commercial banks. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression modeling. The findings reveal uneven adoption of digital transformation initiatives, with significant gaps in service automation and data analytics capabilities. Cybersecurity challenges, including skills shortages, cultural resistance, and legacy systems, were identified as major constraints. Empirical results demonstrate a strong positive relationship between cybersecurity strategies and digital transformation, with cybersecurity explaining approximately 68% of the variance in digital transformation outcomes. The study concludes that robust cybersecurity measures are not merely protective mechanisms but critical enablers of successful digital transformation in the banking sector. It recommends targeted investment in cybersecurity infrastructure, continuous workforce upskilling, and stronger regulatory frameworks to enhance secure digital innovation. The study contributes to the limited empirical literature on cybersecurity and digital transformation in emerging market banking contexts.
Souravh Choursiya
This study presents a comprehensive empirical analysis of the day-of-the-week effect within the Vietnamese stock market using an extensive 25-year dataset of the VN-Index (VNI). Utilizing an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model with weekday dummy variables, the analysis examines 6,127 daily closing prices from 2001 to 2025 to test for systematic variations in mean weekday returns. The empirical findings, supported by descriptive summary statistics, reveal a statistically significant negative Monday effect, contrasted by highly significant positive returns on Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays. Furthermore, a sub-period robustness check demonstrates that while the Monday effect persisted throughout the sample, it became significantly more pronounced in the post-COVID phase (2020-2025). These findings confirm the long-term presence of calendar anomalies, suggesting that the Vietnamese stock market does not strictly adhere to weak-form efficiency. Ultimately, this research offers valuable insights for investors regarding market-timing strategies while emphasizing the critical role of market frictions and transaction costs in determining the practical viability of such strategies.
Busuyi Emmanuel Omodara, Olusola Success Adeyemi, Vincent Olawale Bamidele
This study investigates the implications of deferred tax accounting for firm performance and capital structure in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Deferred tax arises from temporary differences between accounting and taxable income, as regulated by IAS 12 and the Petroleum Industry Act. Despite its theoretical importance, empirical evidence on the direct impact of deferred tax assets and liabilities on financial outcomes in this sector remains limited. Using an ex post facto research design, the study analyzes panel data from 2010 to 2024 for six oil and gas firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and panel regression models were employed, with return on assets (ROA) and debt-to-equity ratio (DER) serving as proxies for firm performance and capital structure, respectively. The results reveal that the deferred tax liability ratio (DTLR) has a negative and significant effect on ROA, indicating that higher deferred tax liabilities are associated with lower firm performance. Conversely, the deferred tax asset ratio (DTAR) exerts a positive and significant effect on ROA, suggesting that higher deferred tax assets enhance profitability. For capital structure, DTLR is positively and significantly related to DER, while DTAR is negatively associated with DER, implying that deferred tax liabilities increase leverage, whereas deferred tax assets reduce it. Firm age and size also significantly influence both performance and capital structure. The findings underscore the strategic importance of deferred tax accounting in financial management and highlight the need for transparent and prudent tax planning in the oil and gas sector. The study offers practical insights for managers, investors, and policymakers seeking to optimize tax strategies and regulatory compliance.
Dr Garima Kalita
The inescapable impression of lay readers regarding the source of pervasive nature of dreams often lies with the idea of it as a portent, but the history of structural analysis of course lies with Freudian study of Interpretation of Dreams. Dreams as wish fulfillments also are considered to be potent corollaries to the process of creation and no aesthetic movement of the modern times would be as integrally connected to the land of dreams as Surrealism. For the Surrealists the idea and meaning of art was to evoke some illuminating signs which would in a formal manner define the process of thinking, at the nearest with the conscious process and at the remotest with the glimpses of the twilight zone, the unconscious . The integrating relationship between art and dreams are never straightforward but has to contain always the conflicting, prohibitive and the most metaphorical. What is so restrictive and prohibitive has been proven to be just the opposite by the validity of the latent which relegates to the rear or suppressed. Hence the artistic expression was never on a straight line, not even the naturalistic portraits. When Freud himself interprets the lot of Oedipus and also Hamlet by bringing in the analogues of Oedipus Complex, he as a pioneer psychoanalyst also differentiates between the manifest in Oedipus and the latent in Hamlet in his artistic analysis. The dynamic theory of dream formation as indicated by Freud in his Second Introductory Lecture of Psychoanalysis would simultaneously accommodate wish fulfillment and dream censorship. For the surrealists like Duchamp , Max Ernst , Francis Picabia ,Rene Magritte and Salvador Dali perhaps art is the forms of trepidation, fluctuating moments working in stasis , romantic and lyrical as dream images , creation of incoherence and terror with the language of unconscious . Taking Dali’s representative work as the bridge between land of the dream and the real , fascinating reading of the metaphorical and the literal, and manifest and the latent would be possible and perhaps we could have glimpses on the hermeneutics of aesthetics and life with the tangents of dream work. This line of assumptions would also hold that the visual enactment of Freudian dream work in Dali’s art would be a fascinating reading , but at the same time a reciprocatory perspective needs to be focused on the aesthetic and moralistic limits of psychoanalytic interpretation.
Dr. Kenneth Okocha
The question of attitudes to capital punishment has continued to be central to the criminal justice policy and mass opinion research. The research paper explores the stability and predictability of three demographic variables, which are core variables age, gender, and education, on the support of the death penalty. The analysis of interest was based on a predictive model using multiple regression analysis on secondary data of two independent samples (N 1 = 132 and N 2 = 150). Those findings showed that there was a significant paradox in the first sample, the overall model showed statistical significance (F(3,128)=9.209, *p=.001, R 2=.178), and age (404) and gender (0.404) turned out to be significant predictors, and education did not. The same model used on the second sample was, on the other hand, non-significant (F(3,146) =1.010, 3.90, R 2=0.20) and none of the predictors had any statistical significance. Such an extreme discrepancy evidences that the correlation between these fundamental demographics and attitudes towards the death penalty is not strong and constant in all situations. It is hypothesized in the interpretive conclusion that the divergence is probably because of sample-specific differences in compositional changes and that simplistic demographic models are subject to certain constraints. Such results are critical to the dependence of independent demographic variables and emphasize the need to develop more sophisticated and combined theoretical models that include psychosocial and contextual mediators, which are effective in explaining punitive attitudes.
Ahmad Ammar Mohammad Rafiq, Khairun Nisa Khamil, Noor Asyikin Sulaiman, Noorhazirah Sunar, Sharatul Izah Samsudin, Siti Fatimah Sulaiman
This paper reports the design and implementation of a contactless, hand gesture–based wireless control interface for basic household appliances. A PAJ7620 gesture recognition sensor, integrated with a transmitter ESP32, detects four predefined gestures and sends control commands via ESP-NOW to a receiver ESP32. The receiver actuates a lamp indicator (LED) and a 5 V DC fan through a relay module. Custom PCBs and 3D-printed enclosures were developed to improve integration and portability. Functional testing verified correct gesture-to-actuation mapping, stable device-to-device communication, and state retention between commands. The proposed approach reduces reliance on touch and speech input, making it suitable for noisy environments and for users who benefit from contactless interaction in home and care settings.
Mohamad Hazmi Mohamad Shoroin, Norarifah Ali
This study addresses the lack of explicit design-strategy guidance in the development of multisensory education products. Although multisensory approaches are widely recognised for enhancing engagement and learning, existing research primarily emphasises instructional outcomes rather than product-level design configuration. The aim of this conceptual paper is to develop a structured design-strategy framework that clarifies how sensory modalities should be selected, prioritised, sequenced, and integrated within children’s education products. Adopting a theory-driven conceptual approach, the study synthesises literature across industrial design, embodied cognition, cognitive load theory, and sensory congruency research. The paper proposes a hierarchical conceptual framework linking theoretical foundations, strategic domains, product design dimensions, experiential outcomes, and educational impact. By positioning multisensory engagement as a strategic configuration problem, this study contributes a clearer conceptual foundation for coherent and inclusive education product design.
Adedayo Fajimi PhD, ADEDIPE, Oluwaseyi Ayodele PhD, Ayo-Ogunleye Tolulope Theresa
This study investigated the determinants of income inequality in the public and private sectors of Southwest Nigeria, focusing on education, work experience, wage structures, government policies, and economic factors. Motivated by rising wage disparities in Nigeria’s formal labour market, the study examined how structural conditions, institutional frameworks, and sectoral differences reinforce income gaps. The research drew on Human Capital Theory, Labour Market Segmentation Theory, Efficiency Wage Theory, Institutional Theory of Wage Determination, Structuralist Theory of Income Distribution, and Political Economy Theory, providing a multidimensional lens to understand the interactions between individual qualifications, labour market divisions, institutional influences, and macroeconomic factors. A comparative cross-sectional design was employed, targeting employees from state government ministries and parastatals (public sector) and commercial banks, microfinance institutions, and insurance firms (private sector) across Lagos, Ogun, Oyo, Osun, Ondo, and Ekiti States. From a total population of 403,710 employees, a sample of 450 respondents was selected using multistage sampling. Data were collected via structured questionnaires administered both physically and online. Analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the Gini coefficient, correlation, variance inflation factor, multiple linear regression, and diagnostic tests. Findings revealed that education (β = 0.152, p = 0.002) and wage structures (β = 0.198, p = 0.001) significantly increased income inequality, while work experience (β = 0.078, p = 0.058) and government policy (β = 0.064, p = 0.148) had positive but insignificant effects. Economic factors also significantly exacerbated disparities (β = 0.139, p = 0.005). The results suggest that income inequality in Southwest Nigeria is a multidimensional issue shaped by qualifications, sectoral pay practices, institutional inefficiencies, and macroeconomic conditions. The study recommends reforms in education, wage harmonization, labour market regulation, and economic management to promote equitable income distribution and inclusive growth.
Kumaran Sekar, Rokiah Binti Mohd Nazir, Roshafiza binti Hassan PhD, Shanti Ramanlingam PhD, Zizi'Azniza Binti Mohd, Zul Afida Binti Abdullah
The digital transformation of education has intensified organizational dependence on connected platforms, cloud systems, and data-driven learning environments, thereby increasing exposure to cybersecurity risks such as ransomware, phishing, identity compromise, and data breaches. While educational cybersecurity research has predominantly focused on technical controls, cybersecurity in education is increasingly recognized as a leadership and governance challenge requiring institutional direction, cultural change, and strategic capabilitybuilding. In Malaysia, national initiatives such as MyDIGITAL, the Malaysia Education Blueprint (2013–2025), and the Digital Education Policy highlight the importance of digital readiness; however, there remains limited empirical understanding of how educational leaders enact cybersecurity leadership in complex organisational contexts. This study aims to develop a Cybersecurity Leadership Model for educational organizations in Malaysia, using grounded theory to capture leadership practices and governance mechanisms from practitioner perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with N=26 participants comprising education leaders, ICT coordinators, cybersecurity officers, and policy stakeholders across key educational settings. Data were analyzed through constant comparative analysis using open, axial, and selective coding, leading to the emergence of six core leadership dimensions such as strategic cyber governance, risk-informed decisionmaking, cyber-resilient culture and awareness, capability development and professional learning, incident leadership and crisis communication, and ethical compliance and data stewardship. The resulting model positions cybersecurity leadership as a socio-technical and governance-driven function that integrates institutional values with initiative-taking risk management and sustainable capacity-building. The study contributes a context-sensitive framework for guiding cybersecurity readiness and leadership development in Malaysia’s educational ecosystem and offers actionable implications for leadership training institutions such as Institute Aminuddin Baki in strengthening cyber governance and organizational resilience.
Roger Jr. Agandao
The study employed a developmental-experimental research design using five treatments arranged in a single- factor framework: Treatment A (10% Azolla), Treatment B (20% Azolla), Treatment C (30% Azolla), Treatment D (40% Azolla), and a control (commercial store-bought Kropek). A 9-point Hedonic Rating Scale was utilized to collect sensory data from 21 respondents. Statistical analysis included the computation of mean scores and the application of Welch’s Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post hoc testing to determine significant differences among treatments. Results of the sensory evaluation revealed that Treatment D (40% Azolla) obtained the highest mean rating in flavor and demonstrated a statistically significant difference compared to Treatment B (20% Azolla). No significant differences were observed in appearance, aroma, texture, and sound. Based on overall consumer acceptability, Treatment D was the most preferred formulation, receiving qualitative ratings equivalent to “Like Very Much” to “Extremely Like.” Storage observation indicated that the fried Azolla-Kropek remained stable for approximately three to four weeks under proper dry and airtight conditions, maintaining acceptable texture and sensory quality. Cost analysis further showed that the product is economically feasible for small-scale or school-based production. The findings indicate that Azolla (A. Pinnata) can be successfully incorporated into Kropek without compromising sensory acceptability while potentially enhancing its nutritional value and sustainability as a snack alternative.
Choomket Sawangjaroen, Natthawadee Temeeyakul
Thailand’s rapid demographic aging presents significant challenges for municipal governance, particularly in ensuring accessible and inclusive urban environments. Existing Healthy City and Age-Friendly frameworks provide domain-based guidance but lack structured mechanisms for measuring institutional integration of accessibility principles. This study develops and field-validates a Universal Design–Based Maturity Index designed to assess the degree of institutional embedding of accessibility within municipal Healthy City governance. The instrument was constructed through synthesis of WHO Healthy City principles, Thailand’s national Healthy City criteria, and the WHO Age-Friendly City framework, integrated with over two decades of fieldbased Universal Design implementation experience. Content validity was assessed by five interdisciplinary experts, yielding an overall mean score of 4.85 (S-CVI/Ave ≈ 0.97). A 12-month pilot implementation in Ladsawai Municipality evaluated definitional clarity, administrative feasibility, and compatibility with planning and budgeting systems. Following refinement, the index was adopted under formal Memoranda of Understanding with five municipalities across five provinces. Findings indicate that the staged maturity ladder enables differentiation between activity-based interventions and institutional policy integration. While longitudinal outcome evaluation remains ongoing, preliminary evidence suggests cross-context applicability within decentralized governance systems. The proposed index operationalizes Universal Design as a measurable governance variable, providing municipalities with a structured pathway toward inclusive Healthy City development.
Glenn M. Demillo, Haide Lou M. Nonggod, Marian Claire C. Madrangca
This study evaluated the development, sensory quality, acceptability, and profitability of squash (Cucurbita maxima) kroepek enhanced with varying levels of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Four formulations were assessed by 30 respondents using the 9-point Hedonic Scale, focusing on color, odor, texture, taste, and general acceptability. Results showed no significant differences among treatments for all sensory attributes, indicating that the incorporation of oyster mushroom did not adversely affect product quality. All samples were rated from “very like” to “extremely like,” with the 100% squash formulation receiving the highest general acceptability. Profitability analysis revealed that both cooked and uncooked kroepek were financially viable. Cooked kroepek yielded a higher net income per peso cost (0.51) compared to uncooked kroepek (0.39). Overall, the findings indicate that oyster mushroom can be added to squash kroepek without compromising sensory quality while offering strong market potential and economic feasibility for small-scale producers.
Afiqah Zahidah Anwarzaini, Nazirah Md Tarmizi
Wildfires are among the most destructive natural disasters due to their increased frequency, intensity, and duration. Countries in Southeast Asia (SEA), which primarily have tropical climates, have seen a few wildfire incidents in recent decades. To manage ecosystems and minimise disasters, effective surveillance systems are necessary. Thus, this paper aimed to derive a Fire Hazard Index (FHI) using multispectral indices through geospatial analysis, in parallel with the objectives of ascertaining the correlation coefficient using the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method and identifying the wildfire hazard zone in Perlis. Utilising high-resolution satellite imagery from Landsat 8, various significant spectral indices, including Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalised Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalised Difference Drought Index (NDDI), and Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR), were combined and analysed. The correlation coefficients for the spectral indices used to develop the index were calculated using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) tool in ArcMap 10.5. The resultant coefficients were used to develop the FHI, and the wildfire hazard index for Perlis state was calculated using the Raster Calculator tool. The result indicates that the combined multispectral indices have a high predictive accuracy of 71% (R2 = 0.71). The results of the hazard zone identification in Perlis, Malaysia, determined using our developed FHI model, reveal that the very high hazard zone was concentrated in the Kangar area during hot, dry weather. The resulting FHI map is an adaptable tool that local authorities may use to monitor long-term ecological recovery and establish wildfire mitigation strategies.
Caspe, Dave C., Espina Edzen A.
Higher education institutions (HEIs) are expected to exemplify ethical conduct and accountability; yet workplace deviance persists even in settings with formal ethical policies. This study examines how ethical climate shapes workplace deviance in a higher education institution, focusing on the personal and organizational motivations that underpin deviant behavior. Guided by Ethical Climate Theory and Organizational Deviance Theory, the study adopts a qualitative grounded theory design following Corbin and Strauss’ approach. Data were generated through semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with fifteen academic and non-academic employees from a non-sectarian HEI in Mindanao, Philippines, and analyzed using constant comparative methods. Findings demonstrate that workplace deviance is rarely driven by malicious intent. Rather, deviant behaviors emerge as adaptive, survival-oriented responses to systemic conditions, including job insecurity, fear-based compliance, burnout, weak leadership enforcement, policy–practice gaps, unmet professional needs, and economic strain. Behaviors such as minimal compliance, procedural shortcuts, silence, and withdrawal function as coping strategies that enable employees to manage institutional pressures and sustain employment. Over time, these adaptive responses become normalized through organizational tolerance and inconsistency. The study advances a grounded theory of deviance as an adaptive strategy, reframing workplace deviance as a rational response to ethical and structural vulnerabilities rather than individual moral failure. The findings offer critical implications for ethical governance, leadership accountability, and human resource interventions in higher education.
Charelle P. Tecson, Nenita I. Prado
Digital transformation has significantly reshaped public administration, requiring local government employees to develop digital competence while maintaining work-life balance and organizational commitment to sustain high job performance. This study examined the levels of digital competence, work-life balance, organizational commitment, and job performance among 283 regular employees from eight municipalities in the 3rd District of Bukidnon, Philippines. Guided by Social Exchange Theory, Self-Determination Theory, Transformational Leadership Theory, and Meyer and Allen's Three-Component Model, the research further investigated whether significant relationships exist between job performance and the three organizational variables. Using a correlational research design, data were collected from employees through stratified random sampling. A validated 109-item survey instrument measured digital competence (information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, digital content creation, safety information, and problem-solving), work-life balance (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), organizational commitment (affective, continuance, and normative), and job performance. Descriptive statistics and Pearson product-moment correlation were employed for data analysis. Findings revealed high levels of digital competence, work-life balance, and organizational commitment, alongside very satisfactory job performance. Significant positive relationships were found between job performance and digital competence, work-life balance, and organizational commitment (p < .05). The results emphasize the strategic importance of digital upskilling, supportive work-life policies, and commitment-building initiatives in strengthening employee performance in local government agencies.
Farica Sung Wei Wen, Goh Sin Ru, Kieran Jingulam Quimson, Muhammad Adam Naqib Bin Md Nazli, Muhammad Farhan Harith Bin Mohamad Fauzi, Norhazren Izatie Mohd
Post-contract document management is vital for cost control, variation evaluation, and claims management in construction projects. Nevertheless, most Quantity Surveying companies still use manual methods for drawing distribution, such as email and shared drives. The consequences of these methods include confusion over document versions, remeasurement errors, and delays in processing variation orders, all of which negatively impact project financial performance. Although there have been digital and AI-based tools, the literature on their applicability to post-contract quantity surveying processes is limited and under-researched. This paper has used a workflow and system analysis, along with a dedicated literature review, to investigate current practices in manual document control and to develop and test a centralized Digital Document Control System (DDCS) on an AI-enhanced Procore platform. The results showed that the suggested digital workflow reduced manual cross-checking, increased drawing traceability, and improved the accuracy and efficiency of variation identification and remeasurement. The research provided a practical, scalable model for enhancing post-contract document control, thereby improving decision-making, reducing conflict, and increasing efficiency in project delivery.
Muaz Azinuddin, Nadia Farhana Mohd Noor*
Digital food content has increasingly become a key driver of tourist decision-making; however, theoretical explanations of how different content types shape tourists’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioural responses remain fragmented. This conceptual paper introduces a comprehensive framework for digital food content marketing in tourism. It does so by extending four fundamental content dimensions, which are informational, emotional (entertainment), social interaction, and identity-based content, into a comprehensive system of content dynamics that impact tourist engagement. Digital food content extends beyond the simple transmission of factual information and is increasingly embedded in how tourists make sense of their experiences. Engagement with this content often possesses emotional and social significance and, at times, embodies the manner in which individuals articulate their identity. These interpretations are shaped by the affordances of digital media and by persuasive visual elements commonly used in food-related content, as discussed in the digital consumer psychology literature. As tourists interact with different forms of content, a range of psychological responses may emerge, rather than a single, uniform process. Interactions with digital food content shape how individuals evaluate experiences, form emotional attachments, and relate socially. These responses gradually shape destination perceptions, influence preference development, and affect the likelihood of experience sharing in online spaces. This framework offers a clearer understanding of how these processes operate in digitally mediated and socially networked travel contexts.
Karina Lintang Cahyani, Muhammad Muttaqien, Suciati
Dating apps are becoming increasingly popular on social media. The communication motives of online dating app users are diverse and dynamic, depending on personal needs, social conditions, and the flexible and anonymous nature of digital communication. While dating apps have long been considered ineffective as a medium for connecting married couples, reality has proven that these apps are the most common way for couples to meet while dating. As many as 12% of online dating users in the United States end up married or in a serious relationship. This study examined the Omi app as a representative of a serious app for finding a life partner. The research method employed a mixed-methods approach, combining interview data collection and document content analysis. The informants interviewed were 10 OMI dating app users, and content analysis of OMI users' personal stories was conducted over three months (January-March 2025). Qualitative data were analyzed using interactive analysis. The nine communication motives studied included seeking a sexual partner, seeking love, meeting new people, curiosity, ease of communication, emotional support, escape, anonymity, and social compensation integrated into communication practices. Relationships within the OMI app can develop into friendships, premarital relationships, or committed marriages. The motivation for seeking sexual partners stems from users initially seeking a physical relationship without commitment. Informants leverage OMI's speed of interaction and features, which allow for direct communication for casual needs. The OMI app also provides a more controlled and less stressful communication space. Users find comfort through supportive and empathetic conversations. Limited social access or problematic relationships in the real world have been resolved through the use of this app. The OMI app provides an alternative space to replace the void in social relationships with new connections that feel safer, more open, and less judgmental.
Assayouti, Ismail Oseni, Ogunwolu, Sulaimon Adio
The rapid expansion of digital surveillance technologies -including CCTV systems, biometric identification, mobile data tracking and social media monitoring- has transformed public and private spaces across the globe. In Nigeria, these technologies are increasingly deployed for security, governance and commercial purposes, often with limited ethical oversight. This article offers an Islamic ethical appraisal of contemporary digital surveillance through the lens of ḥifẓ al-ʿirḍ (protection of human dignity and reputation), a core objective of Islamic law. Drawing on Qurʾānic principles, Prophetic practice, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah theory and classical juristic discussions on privacy, suspicion and moral exposure, the study examines the moral boundaries of surveillance in relation to dignity, consent, proportionality and harm prevention. The article adopts a normative-contextual methodology, combining Islamic ethical reasoning with reflections from Nigeria’s expanding surveillance landscape, including public CCTV usage, biometric governance systems and digital monitoring practices. It argues that while Islam does not reject surveillance categorically, it imposes strict ethical constraints to prevent dignity erosion, reputational harm and unjustified intrusion. By foregrounding ḥifẓ al-ʿirḍ as an underexplored maqṣad in digital ethics, the article contributes to contemporary Islamic moral discourse and offers a principled framework for evaluating surveillance practices in Muslim societies.
Pham The Hung
The intensification of academic competition and digital immersion has heightened psychosocial vulnerability among adolescents in contemporary educational contexts. This study investigates the prevalence of psychosocial stressors and evaluates the institutional readiness of school-based counseling services in Vietnamese high schools. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was implemented in four public high schools in Long Xuyen city, An Giang Province. Quantitative data from 528 students measured academic stress, digital stress exposure, emotional distress, help-seeking intention, and perceived necessity of counseling (Cronbach’s α = .87). Qualitative data were obtained through 16 student focus groups, 48 semi-structured interviews with teachers and administrators, non-participant observations, and document analysis. Results reveal substantial psychosocial strain: 76% of students reported moderate-to-high academic stress, 64% experienced examination-related anxiety, 58% reported online comparison stress, and 41% indicated exposure to cyberbullying. Digital stress exposure demonstrated a significant positive association with anxiety symptoms (r = .52, p < .01). Notably, 82% of students perceived professional counseling services as necessary or very necessary. Thematic analysis identified four interconnected domains: academic–identity pressure convergence, digital amplification of distress, confidentiality and trust deficits, and professional capacity limitations. Findings indicate a structural mismatch between escalating adolescent mental health needs and existing counseling capacity. Strengthening school-based psychological services requires competency-based professionalization, institutional investment, digital mental health integration, and policy anchoring to ensure systemic alignment with the psychosocial demands of the digital era.
Dr. Fronica Monari, Dr. Vitalis Mogwambo, Wario Tache
This study examines how digital transformation capabilities translate into competitive advantage at branch level within a semi-urban emerging-market banking context. Drawing on the Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capabilities theory, the Technology–Organization–Environment framework, and Relationship Marketing theory, the study develops and tests a relational conversion model in which digital capabilities influence competitive advantage both directly and indirectly through customer relationship strength. Using survey data from 147 customers and branch-level inputs, regression and bootstrapped mediation analyses reveal that digital network capability and digital skills significantly enhance competitive advantage, while digital marketing exhibits a smaller but positive effect. Customer relationship strength emerges as the strongest predictor and partially mediates the digital capability–advantage relationship. The findings demonstrate that in infrastructurally constrained environments, digital resources do not automatically generate performance benefits. Instead, competitive advantage emerges when digital capability is embedded in relational trust and organizational integration. The study refines resource-based logic by identifying relational conversion as a boundary condition shaping digital capability effectiveness in emerging markets.
Fauzi Kamaruddin, Muhaimi Saifuddin Mohamad Salleh, Noorli Khamis
Digitalization is now an essential component of teaching and learning. The integration of digital technologies enhances accessibility, engagement, flexibility, efficiency, and collaboration among educational stakeholders. This study explores how digitalization in education is perceived and experienced by teachers and administrators of coastal schools in Bachok, Kelantan, one of the country’s districts with the highest poverty rates. The objective of the study is to explore how digitalization occurs in coastal schools. Using a case study design framed by Constructivist Grounded Theory and Gunnsberg Digital Transformation Model as the framework the research involved 13 participants who are school administrators and teachers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The data were analysed using open, axial, and selective coding. The findings of the study revealed that issues related to teachers’ pedagogical skills and structure are main obstacles to the process. Thus, not many changes take place in the process of teaching and learning. The study concludes with recommendations for future research on educational digitalization in similar socio-economic settings.
Andrea Joh G. De La Cruz, Clarence B. Panem, Daren Kyle C. Pino, Joan B. Aquino, Lovely Ann N. Abuan, Mary Joy O. Saludo, Oscar O. Ancheta Jr.
This study examined the integration of Philippine Children’s Folksongs in classroom instruction. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected from North Central Elementary school, Ilocanos Elementary School, South Central Integrated school and San Agustin Elementary School in the City of San Fernando, La Union, to document and analyze the folksongs and examine their cultural, historical, and social contexts as reflected in classroom use. The findings revealed that these folksongs serve as effective educational tools that enrich teaching by connecting learners to Filipino heritage, values, and traditions. These folksongs serve as effective educational tools that enrich teaching by connecting learners to Filipino heritage, values, and traditions. While some integration challenges were noted, the study highlights the potential of folksongs as Interactive and meaningful resources in early childhood education. Further research is recommended to assess their sustained impact and adaptability across diverse classrooms.
Al Amin Mohamed Sultan, Nor Ratna Masrom, Wan Hasrulnizzam Wan Mahmood
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled Smart Supply Chain Management (SSCM) systems are increasingly implemented within manufacturing organizations to enhance operational efficiency and strategic decision-making. While perceived risk is widely recognized as a deterrent in technology adoption research, its explanatory role in institutionalized business-to-business (B2B) environments remains under-theorized. This study investigates the determinants of AI-enabled SSCM system usage among Malaysian manufacturing firms, focusing on Effort Expectancy, Technology Readiness, Trust, and Perceived Risk. Using survey data from 308 manufacturing professionals, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the proposed relationships. To complement explanatory modelling, machine learning techniques including Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were applied to assess predictive capability. The results indicate that Effort Expectancy, Technology Readiness, and Trust significantly influence SSCM usage behaviour, whereas Perceived Risk does not exhibit a significant effect. Drawing on institutional theory and organizational risk absorption perspectives, the findings suggest that governance mechanisms and formal safeguards attenuate the behavioural impact of perceived uncertainty in B2B contexts. This study contributes theoretically by identifying an institutional boundary condition of perceived risk in AI adoption and methodologically by integrating SEM with validated predictive AI modelling.
Dr. Ambrose Kemboi, Flora Kisale, Prof. Ronald Bonuke
Scholars have long observed that manufacturing firms in Kenya operate in highly competitive environments characterized by limited performance variability, prompting many firms to adopt various survival strategies. Increasingly, the literature highlights dynamic capabilities as critical for sustaining firm performance within the manufacturing sector. However, existing empirical studies on dynamic capabilities have been conducted across diverse industries and methodological contexts, yielding mixed and inconclusive findings. This study sought to examine the moderating effect of organizational resilience on the relationship between dynamic capabilities and firm performance among manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The study was grounded in Dynamic Capability Theory and the Resource-Based View (RBV). Adopting a quantitative paradigm and an explanatory research design, the study targeted 6,038 manufacturing firms, from which a sample of 375 firms was selected. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple regression and hierarchical regression analyses were employed to test the direct and moderating effects. Key findings revealed that dynamic capabilities (β = .744, p < .001) and organizational resilience (β = .418, p < .001) have significant positive effects on firm performance among manufacturing firms. In addition, organizational resilience positively moderates the relationship between dynamic capabilities and performance (β = .184, p < .05), indicating that firms with higher adaptability and agility gain greater performance benefits from their capabilities. The study concludes that the joint development of dynamic capabilities and organizational resilience is essential for sustained competitiveness. It recommends that manufacturing firms prioritize capability enhancement, resilience-building mechanisms, and continuous technology and skills investment to improve long-term performance.
Wresler C. Pascua
Research writing is a critical component of doctoral studies, yet it remains one of the most challenging academic tasks for many students. This study investigated the research writing experiences of PhD students at Apayao State College, Conner Campus, focusing on the challenges encountered, strategies employed, and factors influencing their writing process. Using a quantitative-descriptive design, data were gathered through an adapted survey questionnaire analyzed with frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Spearman’s rho correlation, complemented by thematic analysis for recommendations. Results revealed that respondents, predominantly young to middle-aged married women in academic professions, consistently faced substantial challenges across all stages of research writing, particularly in identifying research gaps and analyzing data. Despite these difficulties, students employed diverse strategies, with adviser guidance, online resources, and peer collaboration emerging as the most effective. Motivation, self-confidence, time management, and technological tools were identified as critical factors influencing success, underscoring both psychological and practical dimensions of research writing. Correlation analysis showed that age and nature of work significantly shaped experiences, while sex and marital status had minimal impact. A moderate positive relationship between challenges and strategies indicated that greater difficulties prompted more adaptive approaches. Institutional interventions were strongly recommended, including flexible time management policies, consistent adviser support, structured training programs, peer collaboration initiatives, and psychological well-being services. Overall, the findings highlight the complex interplay of personal, institutional, and contextual factors in doctoral research writing and emphasize the need for comprehensive support systems to enhance student success.
Jay-R G. Sad-ayan, Jemrick A. Bangcado, Joanna Grace N. Banwagen, Remy Ann A. Felipe, Wilbert B. Wanas*
Mining is a high risk occupation in which danger, uncertainty, and survival are part of everyday work. In many community based and small scale mining contexts, miners rely not only on technical knowledge but also on cultural and spiritual belief systems that guide conduct, decision making, and safety practices. This study explored the cultural and spiritual beliefs of miners in a selected mining barangay in Mankayan, Benguet and examined how these beliefs shape work behavior, readiness, and safety within everyday mining life.Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, in depth semi structured interviews were conducted with ten experienced miners selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed thematically to surface shared meanings embedded in miners’ lived experiences. Findings revealed that miners’ beliefs are deeply embedded in daily work routines and are expressed through rituals, taboos, prayer, bodily discipline, and behavioral restraint inside the mine. These belief based practices function as practical safety frameworks that influence readiness to enter the mine, attentiveness during work, and responses to danger. Safety was understood not only as a technical concern but as a moral and spiritual responsibility sustained through collective discipline and shared norms. The study further found that miners actively negotiate traditional cultural beliefs alongside Christian faith and contemporary safety awareness. Rather than abandoning earlier practices, miners integrate and reinterpret belief systems in response to generational change and evolving work conditions. This negotiation allows belief based practices to remain meaningful and relevant within modern mining contexts. By centering miners’ narratives, the study highlights belief as a lived and functional component of safety and work in mining life. The findings contribute to qualitative research on labor, culture, and occupational safety by demonstrating that effective understanding of mining safety must account for cultural and spiritual dimensions alongside technical measures.
Dr. Alok Mishra, Dr. Poonam Singh, Mr. Monu Jatav
The present study assessed the effect of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular health among professional youth students. Thirty male and female students aged between 16-19 years were random selected as sample. The participants were divided into two equal groups, experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). The experimental group undertaken a six week aerobic exercise training program, while the control group without training. A post-test only group design was used for the study. Cardiovascular health variables such as Resting Heart Rate(RHR), Blood Pressure (Systolic and Diastolic) and Cardiovascular endurance were selected as dependent variables. The data were statistically analysed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise training. The results of the study shown that significant improvement in cardiovascular health variables of the experimental group compared to control group. The study concluded that regular aerobic exercise training has a positive and significant effect on cardiovascular health of professional youth students.
Abubakar Shuaibu, Motunrayo Adeola Adesina, Rashida Tijjani Baba, Ridwan Olalekan Yusuf
This study investigates the determinants of energy-sector investment in Nigeria from 2010 to 2023 using a quarterly dataset constructed from multiple secondary sources, including FDI inflows, governance indicators, oil-market data, exchange-rate trends, and GDP performance. To address methodological limitations in earlier studies that relied on annual data and OLS regression, this paper employs a Python-based econometric framework, using pandas for data transformation and statsmodels for dynamic modelling. Augmented DickeyFuller tests confirm that the variables are predominantly non-stationary, justifying the use of an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The baseline ARDL results reveal that energy investment exhibits strong persistence and is significantly influenced by governance effectiveness, while exchange-rate instability exerts a marginally negative effect. Oil prices, GDP growth, and policy reforms show weak short-run effects. A robustness model, the ARDL, confirms the stability of these findings, although the lagged policy dummy indicates temporary adjustment frictions following major reforms. A 3D Python visualisation further demonstrates that investment clusters around periods of stronger governance rather than high oil prices. Overall, the results indicate that institutional quality and macroeconomic stability, rather than commodity price cycles, are the most critical drivers of energy-sector investment in Nigeria. The study concludes that improving governance, stabilising the exchange rate, and strengthening policy implementation frameworks are essential to sustaining investment and supporting Nigeria's energy transition ambitions.
Dr Blandina Kori, Dr Paul Kariuki, Dr Peter Ngatia, Teresa Wangai
Market creation is triggered by the problem or opportunity an organisation sets out to address, offering a breakthrough solution to the industry's existing problems or solving a brand-new problem, or seizing a brand-new opportunity outside the industry's existing boundaries. This study analyzed the effect of market creation strategy on the performance of the insurance industry in Kenya with firm size as the moderating variable. Market creation was operationalised by resource accumulation, stakeholders networking and customer acquisition. The study was anchored on the new venture creation model and resource-based theory. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The target population was 504 top and middle managers from all 56 insurance companies licensed by the insurance regulatory authority by year 2023. The study adopted a stratified random sampling technique, with a sample size of 218. Primary data was collected using semi- structured questionnaires. Secondary data was collected on return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), customer satisfaction index (CSI), total sales and total assets and market share. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to indicate the direction of the relationship between variables. Simple regression analysis was used to explain the nature of the relationship between variables, the F-statistic was used to decide the suitability of the model and test hypothesis while R2 was used to determine the model's goodness of fit. The study findings indicated that the market creation strategy (MCS) had a positive statistical significance effect on the performance of the insurance industry (p<0.05). Firm size as a moderating variable had a positive significance effect on the relationship between market creation strategy and performance of the insurance industry (p<0.05). The study concluded that the market creation strategy contributed to industry performance. The study recommended the need for the firms to leverage on their resources and stakeholders’ collaborations in order to create new markets for improved performance.
Ang Geik Yong, Tan Chee Hian, Tetsushi Moriguchi, Walter King Yan Ho, Wee Eng Hoe, Yu Choo Yee
Introduction: Health and wellness of older adults were essential in due with ageing process occurred and injuries cause mortality increased rate every single year. Objectives: To investigate the consistency and persistency of Morning Work Out (MWO) by urban older adults towards their health and wellness descriptively. Methodology: Cross sectional design with respondents attended MWO for a long year whereby managed to figure out overall respondents’ anthropometry (psycho-motor, psychological and physiological). Self-recorded without diet control. Maximum training heart rate was 70%. concerned. Samples: 13 aged 50’s and 65’s voluntarily involved and observed from 2024 to 2025. Parameters attempted: Anthropometric: Blood Pressure (BP), Body Weight, SpO2, Sleeping Pattern, Awaken Rate, Body temperature, and Core Strength (Lean Squad, Plank and Bridge) were performed by all respondents. Results: After 12 months of MWO, the overall weight was back to 79.2Kg from 78.8Kg. However, the MWO showed that Walks came about 71% by respondents; Heart Rate range of 71bpm to 90bpm after MWO was 75%; Stretching daily about 68% performed routinely; Mode of very good mood about 63.5%, Good mood about 31% and So-So mode about 3%. Hence, Lean squad about 54% and Plank making 51.2% and Bridging was about 52% performed by all throughout year. These outcomes showed respondents’ sleeping pattern resulted at deep sleep rate 20.7% and with the average of mean score 27% deep sleep which equals to 7.2% overall and this was from the range of sleeping hours 6 hours 31 minutes to 5 hours and 31 minutes which was out of expectation. Moreover, awaken times showed 42% was non awaked throughout the sleeping hours. BP showed Excellence Level about 21%, Normal Level was 59%, Normal Systolic (34%) and High Blood Pressure grade one only 0.62% respectively. Body temperature was in the average range of 36 Celsius to 36.9 Celsius with 79% and lastly the SpO2 reading around 98 with 68% along year time. Conclusion Consistency and persistency of all older adults in performing this MWO for duration of 12 months would gain effect as expected apparently. Adversely, feeling easy and happy all the time. House work became fast and clear with very fresh and happy feel. Walk faster and much faster without heavy feelings. Contribution: Practices and maintenance one’s health and wellness status in applied psychological, anatomy and physiological perspectives. Recommendation: MWO programme as older adults’ choice of practice as far as Health and Wellness, the body of knowledge concerned.
Sunmola Kadiri ADEGOKE
The study examined the effectiveness of the pictorial self-management instructional method in enhancing the performance in mathematics, of pupils with mild intellectual disability. The sample for the study consisted of twenty-four pupils with mild intellectual disability, randomly selected from two purposively selected special schools in Osun State Nigeria. A pretest – posttest control group experimental design was adopted for the study. The experimental group was taught addition of two-digit numbers using the pictorial self-management instructional strategy, while the control group was taught using the traditional method of instruction. Data collected was analysed using the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results of the analysis showed that the post-experimental performance of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group in the achievement test of addition of two-digit numbers. It was also found that the experimental group retained materials learnt significantly better than the control group. Hence, the conclusion was drawn that the pictorial self-management strategy was effective in enhancing both the performance and retention ability of pupils with mild intellectual disability [n mathematics.
Yan Xuning, Zhang Jimin
This study investigates the impact of gamification and immersive technologies on museum learning effectiveness from a user-centered perspective. A quantitative survey was conducted with 396 participants from the United Kingdom, China, and other countries. The measurement model included three constructs: immersion, gamification, and perceived learning effectiveness. Reliability and regression analyses were performed to examine predictive relationships. The findings reveal that both immersion and gamification significantly enhance perceived learning effectiveness. Immersive technologies strengthen users’ sense of presence and realism, while gamification increases engagement through challenges and rewards. Together, these elements demonstrate a complementary effect in promoting cognitive and motivational aspects of informal learning. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence for an integrated evaluation approach to gamified immersive museum learning. The results offer practical implications for museum designers seeking to optimize educational impact through balanced experiential and motivational design strategies.
Dr. Jimboy B. Pagalilauan, Dr. Manny A. Romeroso, Prof. Emeliza T. Cruz, Prof. Rosa R. Hernandez
This study analyzed the emotional framing strategies employed in PAGASA bulletins and media coverage of Typhoon Tino (Kalmaegi) and Severe Tropical Storm Uwan (Fung-Wong) in 2025. Using content and linguistic analysis, the study identified the dominant emotional frames and their communicative purposes in disaster communication. Findings reveal that PAGASA bulletins primarily employed urgency, risk, and institutional legitimacy frames, emphasizing hazard severity and promoting immediate protective actions. In contrast, media reports favored moral and community concern frames, highlighting human experiences, displacement, and social impacts to enhance audience engagement and empathy. Linguistic analysis showed that imperative verbs, technical terminology, emotive language, and authoritative attribution were key strategies for conveying these frames. The study concludes that emotional framing serves multiple functions; warning, informing, reassuring, building empathy, and establishing trust and that the complementary roles of meteorological agencies and media are crucial in shaping public understanding, emotional response, and preparedness behavior during disasters. Recommendations include integrating human-centered messaging with technical warnings, maintaining balanced communication, and promoting coordinated public education campaigns.
Kelvin Felix Kisaka, Samweli Lameck Mathayo
The empirical data on psychological factors and entrepreneurial motivation as predictors of entrepreneurial career choice in the African environment between 2015 and 2025 is compiled in this comprehensive literature review. The review examined thirty peer-reviewed studies from several African nations, including Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Tanzania, Botswana, Nigeria, Kenya, Benin, and Côte d'Ivoire, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The evidence suggests that the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) dominate the theoretical landscape, with entrepreneurial self efficacy emerging as the most consistent and powerful predictor of entrepreneurial aspirations across varied African contexts. While fear of failure exhibits negative relationships reduced by the liveliness of the business environment, internal locus of control, the drive for achievement, and a predisposition for taking risks show strong positive associations with choosing an entrepreneurial profession.The review identifies a dual motivation structure in African entrepreneurship including necessity driven motives shaped by graduate unemployment and limited formal employment opportunities coexist with opportunity driven motives including financial independence, autonomy, and creative expression. Interventions that target self efficacy beliefs through entrepreneurial education, scaffolding, and psychological capital development may successfully convert psychological propensity into entrepreneurial action, as self efficacy functions as a crucial mediator between personality traits and entrepreneurial intentions. The association between psychological variables and career choice is strongly moderated by related characteristics such as perceived financial accessibility, social support systems, and entrepreneurial education. The results emphasize the necessity of context-sensitive entrepreneurship policies in Africa that tackle structural obstacles to entrepreneurial entry as well as psychological capacity building.
Dianne Therese Marie C. Bahala, Jr., Nenita I. Prado, Rhey Manuel A Siao
In the context of Education 4.0, innovation in student services has become essential for higher education institutions seeking to deliver responsive, technology-enabled, and student-centered support. This study examined how employee engagement, digital competency, and work autonomy influence innovation in student services among Student Affairs and Services practitioners in Region 10, Northern Mindanao, Philippines. A descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative design was utilized, involving 286 practitioners who answered a structured Likert-type questionnaire. Results showed that employee engagement, digital competency, work autonomy, and innovation in student services were all rated at high levels. Innovation was positively associated with organizational factors (r = .613, p < .01), digital problem-solving skills (r = .715, p < .01), and especially work autonomy, whose sub-dimensions, work method, work schedule, and work criteria autonomy demonstrated strong correlations with innovation (r = .743 to .777, p < .01). Overall work autonomy exhibited the strongest association with innovation (r = .816, p < .01). These findings highlight that granting SAS practitioners substantial autonomy, supported by strong digital competencies and favorable organizational conditions, is critical for fostering innovation in student services and advancing institutional transformation in a digitally driven educational landscape
Dr. Parul Khanna, Kalpna Choudhary
Since time immemorial, education has been found to contribute towards the cause of promoting gender equality and women empowerment. As a country with centuries of history of given social hierarchies and patriarchal customs that curtailed women with access to education, National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a milestone in reforms that seek to instigate inclusivity, equity, and empowerment. This scholarly research paper reviews the relationship between women empowerment and education in the form of a critical analysis of NEP 2020. It evaluates the role of the provisions in the policy, gender inclusion fund, skill development, digital literacy, and flexible learning paths in addressing the long-existing gender gaps in the country and the empowerment of women to be involved in all sectors of national development.
Chomunorwa Rusakaniko, Taruona Douglas
In this empirical qualitative case study, we discussed the contribution of skills development to sustainable livelihoods among the youth in rural Zimbabwe, focusing on Nyamuroro Vocational Training Centre [VTC] in Gokwe. In a region grappling with high unemployment, poverty, and limited formal educational access, vocational training has emerged as a strategic response to youth marginalization and economic vulnerability. The study is couched in Armartya Sen’s Capability Approach and supported by Martha Nussbaum Human Development framework. It explores how practical skills training in areas such as agriculture, carpentry, welding, garment construction, and mechanics enhances youth agency and expands their livelihood options. The research is guided by the qualitative methodology, where semi-structured interviews and focused group discussions were used to solicit data from 15 participants including trainees, instructors, graduates and community leaders. The empirical paper responded to the research questions: How do Nyamuroro VTC programmes enhance skills for Sustainable livelihoods in Gokwe and also what impact do Nyamuroro VTC programmes have on graduates and communities. The major findings reveals that vocational training enhances youth capabilities and self -reliance, lack of capital and tools hinders business starts-ups. In light of the findings, the study underscores that, while vocational training at Nyamuroro Vocational Centre provides essential skills for sustainable livelihoods, its full potential is constrained by limited access to capital, inadequate infrastructure and weak institutional support. Conclusively, vocational education in rural Zimbabwe functions not only as skills transmission instead as a capability-expanding intervention mediated by socio-economic conversion factors.
Reni Yuliviona, Sefnedi, Zahara Yulia
This study aims to analyze the effect of green marketing and word of mouth on purchase decisions, with consumer trust as a mediating variable, in the context of electric car consumers in West Sumatra Province. This study used a quantitative approach with primary data obtained through questionnaires from 134 respondents selected using cluster random sampling. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using Smart-PLS version 4. The results showed that green marketing and word of mouth did not have a significant influence on purchase decisions. However, green marketing and word of mouth had a positive and significant influence on consumer trust. Furthermore, consumer trust had a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions. In addition, the results of the study indicate that consumer trust mediates the relationship between green marketing and word of mouth on purchase decisions.
Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Araiz, Jun Mark A., Asidoy, Princess Jane G., Bantayanon, Princess Faith C., Belbestre, Glaiza Mae B., Beltran, Heizel L., Callao, Reuna Angel D., Empleo, Precious Jane A., Enriquez, Ashley Mae V., Habuchi, Teofela E., Jamayo, Trisha Mae O., Jocel T. Labadan, Paghubasan, Yza C., Payac, Noime P., Saveron, Juhn David V., Sunio, Bernard Shaun M., Tiedra Kyla Nicolle P.
This study examined English language exposure and perceived self-efficacy as predictors of English grammar proficiency among General Academic Strand students of Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, data were gathered through adapted questionnaires such as the English language exposure questionnaire, perceived self-efficacy scale, and an English grammar proficiency test covering parts of speech, verb tenses and aspects, and grammar usage. The respondents’ English language exposure was analyzed in terms of home, friends, school, and media, while perceived self-efficacy was examined through mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, physiological feedback, and verbal persuasion. Statistical analyses revealed that both English language exposure and perceived self-efficacy had no significant relationship with students’ English grammar proficiency. Certain domains of exposure and self-efficacy were also found to insignificantly predict grammar proficiency. The findings suggest that English exposure and self-efficacy did not contribute to grammar proficiency, highlighting the need for supportive learning environments and building explicit instructional strategies.
Dr Azlina Binti Abdul Aziz Ismail, Rachel Nhanam
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has been widely recognized as an effective approach in English Language Teaching (ELT) due to its emphasis on meaningful communication and learner interaction. Despite its extensive implementation in ESL classrooms, concerns have emerged regarding its continued effectiveness in meeting the needs of a new generation of learners, particularly Generation Alpha, especially in enhancing students’ speaking skills. In this context, English teachers’ perceptions and beliefs play a crucial role, as they significantly influence classroom practices and the successful implementation of CLT. This descriptive study employed a quantitative research design to examine English teachers’ perceptions of CLT and their beliefs regarding its effectiveness in improving students’ speaking skills. Data were collected through an online questionnaire administered via Google Forms, involving 101 English teachers from SMK Seri Kembangan selected through convenience sampling. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed that the majority of teachers held positive perceptions of CLT, with 81% expressing favorable views towards the approach, while 98% indicated a strong intention to implement CLT in their classrooms. Furthermore, teachers demonstrated strong beliefs in the effectiveness of CLT in enhancing students’ speaking skills, with a high mean score of 4.442. Overall, the findings suggest that English teachers at SMK Seri Kembangan maintain positive perceptions of CLT and strongly believe in its potential to enhance students’ communicative competence, although the approach is perceived to be less effective in developing grammatical accuracy.
Kennedy Kasimba, Sarah Muyoma Ndume
This study explored stakeholder perspectives on educational quality and institutional development at Malcolm Moffat College of Education (MMCE). The study was guided by the following objectives: to evaluate the academic quality of the programmes at MMCE, analyse how well MMCE prepares students for the job market, and identify key areas for institutional improvement. The study was purely qualitative and employed a case study design to allow for a holistic and detailed exploration of the phenomenon within its real-life context. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The sample size was twenty-five stakeholders, including educators, administrators, students, policymakers, unions, business representatives, NGOs, traditional leaders, and religious institutions. Data was analyzed thematically, with charts and graphs used to visually present recurring patterns and stakeholder perspectives, thereby enhancing clarity and accessibility of findings. Findings indicated that teacher training diplomas had the highest recognition, while bachelor’s degree programmes were less familiar. On the overall quality of the College’s programmes, stakeholders expressed high satisfaction, with 85% rating the academic programmes as good and 15% as excellent, recognising MMCE’s commitment to competence and professional preparation. However, some respondents emphasized the need for greater holistic student development, particularly in social engagement and interdisciplinary learning. Furthermore, perceptions regarding the curriculum’s ability to foster research and critical thinking varied, with 31% affirming its effectiveness and 69% indicating uncertainty, highlighting the need for curriculum refinement. The study recommends strengthening research components, enhancing programme awareness, integrating learner-centered teaching methodologies, and balancing academic rigor with holistic student development. These insights support efforts to accredit degree programmes in Primary Education and Educational Leadership and Management, ensuring their alignment with national educational priorities and workforce demands.
Roger Jr. Agandao
Fish cage construction competency in Grade 9 constitutes an essential prerequisite for Grade 10 promotion and TESDA certification for Aquaculture NC II; however, students consistently demonstrate deficient practical skills. This explanatory sequential mixed-methods study evaluated the Climb the Ladder to Aquaculture Success (CLAS), a constructivist, gamified intervention, among 35 Grade 9 aquaculture students at the Ilocos Norte Regional School of Fisheries (INRSF) using total enumeration sampling. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was used to measure practical skill gains, supported by thematic analysis of interviews with six purposively selected participants. The assessment rubric, validated through expert judgment using Aiken's V index (above 0.80) and an excellent inter-rater reliability of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.72–0.93, p < 0.001), demonstrated significant improvement from 41% MPS (M = 8.20, SD = 4.10; "Average") pre- intervention to 91% MPS (M = 18.20, SD = 2.17; "Closely Approximating Mastery") post-intervention. Distribution analysis showed that 94% of students achieved the top two mastery levels (Mastered and Closely Approximating Mastery), confirmed by a paired-samples t-test (t (34) = 18.22, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 3.08; “Very Large Effect”). Assumptions of normality were verified using the Shapiro–Wilk test (p > .05). Qualitative themes revealed enhanced motivation, step-by-step mastery reinforcement, task readiness, and practical confidence, addressing cognitive obstacles in sequential skill development. Study limitations include a single-group design and a single-site sample, suggesting future research incorporate control groups, delayed post-tests, and multi-institution sampling. CLAS effectively transforms practical aquaculture competencies, providing a scalable, low-cost model for TVL programs. Its structured gamification aligns with constructivist principles, fostering psychomotor proficiency and engagement essential for fisheries workplace readiness.
Azwindini Robert Mutshinya, Takalani Elizabeth Tshiovhe
This study explored the perceptions of curriculum advisors, principals, and Agricultural Sciences teachers on the use of agricultural experience as a medium for contextualising learning in secondary schools. The study was guided by Instructional Leadership Theory and Constructivist Learning Theory. It examined how leadership practices and learner-centred pedagogical strategies influence the integration of practical activities with classroom theory. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative survey data from 57 respondents with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews involving two curriculum advisors, three principals, and fifty-seven (57) Agricultural Sciences teachers. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, to determine frequency and percentage distributions. Qualitative data were thematically analysed using coding and categorisation procedures, enabling an in-depth understanding of participants’ experiences and perceptions. The findings indicated that the majority of participants (63.1%) supported the integration of agricultural experience in teaching. Participants cited its role in linking theory to real-world practice and enhancing learners’ understanding, engagement, and problem-solving skills. Curriculum advisors emphasised the role of leadership in coordinating resources, planning practical sessions, and supporting teachers. Principals highlighted the benefits of hands-on activities in fostering learner skill development. Agricultural Sciences teachers largely affirmed the value of experiential learning. However, they noted challenges such as limited resources, inadequate facilities, and time constraints, which hinder effective implementation. The study recommends prioritising practical agricultural activities, providing adequate resources, training teachers, and scheduling hands-on sessions strategically to maximise learning outcomes. Integrating agricultural experience into the curriculum strengthens contextualised learning, aligns with experiential and constructivist principles, and equips learners with practical skills for real-world application, while highlighting the critical role of leadership in ensuring programme coherence and effective teaching through strategic planning, continuous professional support, and the alignment of curriculum, instruction, and assessment practices.
Mustapha Jawneh
This study presents the results of a quasi-experimental study conducted to investigate the effects of explicit instruction in metacognitive strategies on the learner autonomy of high school students in Grade 12 in English Language Learning in The Gambia. A twelve (12)-week lesson period was offered to the experimental group (n=25) that integrated instruction using planning, monitoring, and evaluation strategies, while a control group (n=25) used the normal conventional communicative teaching approach for English Language Learning. The data for the study were gathered using a pre- and post-intervention learner autonomy questionnaire, analysis of student reflection papers, and semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study indicated a significant increase in self-reported autonomy and strategic knowledge for the experimental group as compared to the control group. The qualitative analysis of the findings suggested that many students developed a clearer understanding of their own learning processes and demonstrated greater ability to self-correct and adapt strategies. The findings suggest that explicit metacognitive strategy instruction is an effective pedagogical method that can support learners and should be systematically incorporated into English language teacher education programs.
Arthur Madzore, Banele Mpande, Sibusisiwe Dube, Sinokubekezela Princess Dube
Traditional teaching and learning approaches have been supplanted by artificial intelligence (AI) in the education sector. The existing AI technologies that can be used for personalized learning, however, are not well understood. Moreover, a systematic literature review (SLR) of AI technology for personalized learning is not widely available. By performing a thorough literature review and presenting the findings of AI technologies for improving personalized learning, this work fills this research gap. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model served as the basis for the SLR. This study included 32 English-language journal articles that were published in the Google scholar, IEEE and Springer Nature Link databases between 2020 and 2026. The study's findings indicate that a number of issues with the current e-learning systems, including critical thinking, dependency syndrome, data privacy issues, and a lack of data privacy, make it challenging to accomplish personalized learning. The study also identified a number of AI technologies that fall within the general categories of deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML). Both educational practice and the application of educational policies are impacted by these findings.
Akhdiat Abdul Malek, Erman Hamid, Gracy Wan, Nazrulazhar Bahaman, Norharyati Harum, Nurul Azma Zakaria
The quality of social interaction within modern households is increasingly shaped by digital connectivity. However, many existing home network management tools remain technically complex and insufficiently user-centered, limiting their effectiveness in supporting safe and balanced digital engagement. Grounded in usability theory, this study evaluates how a mobile-based Home Network Assisted Tool enhances social experience through improved usability and parental control features. The evaluation framework integrates functional system testing, demographic-based usability assessment, and System Usability Scale (SUS) analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis (mean = 85.5, SD = 6.12) indicates excellent usability performance, supported by a 95% confidence interval within the Grade A range. Additionally, social experience indicators reveal increased parental confidence and reduced supervision stress. Findings demonstrate that usability-centered design in home networking technologies contributes not only to technical efficiency but also to measurable improvements in household digital well-being.
Albacite, Crissa Mae B., Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Aupe, Keinth Cyrus S., Guden, Crystal Jane A., Gumahad, Lheian Jake C., Jocel T. Labadan, Lansangan, Reziel Grace A., Pardorla, Shanley Kim T., Ramos, Mica P., Ranises, Cherry Love P.
This study investigated how entrepreneurial attitude and entrepreneurial efficacy influence entrepreneurial intention among General Academic Strand (GAS) senior high school students, and to begin with, it aimed to determine the students’ levels of entrepreneurial l attitude, entrepreneurial efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention, as well as examine the relationships among these variables and identify how entrepreneurial attitude and entrepreneurial efficacy affect entrepreneurial intention. To accomplish this, the researchers employed a quantitative descriptive-correlational approach and involved 87 GAS students, while data were analyzed using the mean and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient. The results indicated that the students demonstrated moderate levels of entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention; moreover, the findings revealed significant relationships among the variables, with both entrepreneurial attitude and entrepreneurial efficacy exerting a significant influence on entrepreneurial intention. Consequently, this suggests that students who possess positive entrepreneurial attitudes and strong confidence in their entrepreneurial abilities are more likely to develop higher entrepreneurial intentions, and overall, the study underscores the importance of fostering both attitudes and efficacy to strengthen students’ entrepreneurial intention.
Kavita Ahuja, Pallavi Rathor, Roshni Patel
India’s rapidly expanding startup ecosystem and digital transformation are influencing career aspirations at increasingly younger ages. While entrepreneurship has been extensively examined at the university level, limited research explores how senior secondary students perceive startups and how school education shapes their entrepreneurial thinking. This study investigates the inclination of Class XI and XII students toward entrepreneurship by analysing their motivations, awareness levels, perceived barriers, and views on curriculum support. Using a survey-based research design, the study examines whether students view entrepreneurship as a primary career choice, a supplementary pathway, or merely an aspirational idea. It further evaluates how subjects such as Business Studies, Economics, and Information Technology contribute to entrepreneurial confidence, and whether classroom learning translates into practical readiness. The findings reveal distinct patterns in students’ career preferences, digital orientation, and expectations from schools, while also highlighting notable gaps between intention and institutional support.
Fredrick Mito Ogodo
Entrepreneurship, innovation, and startup ecosystems have become central components of national development strategies, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where youth unemployment, income inequality, and limited formal employment opportunities remain persistent structural challenges. This paper presents a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 to examine how these interconnected elements contribute to Kenya’s socioeconomic development. Guided by the entrepreneurial passion theory and the risk-bearing theory of entrepreneurship, the review synthesizes both empirical and conceptual evidence across four thematic areas: job creation and poverty reduction; financing constraints and governance weaknesses; the role and reach of innovation hubs; and human capital and skills development. The findings indicate that entrepreneurship plays a significant role in employment generation, income creation, and technological progress in Kenya. Small and medium enterprises continue to absorb a substantial share of the labour force, particularly among youth. However, the study finds that the sector’s overall contribution to national development is limited by restricted access to affordable finance, inconsistent policy implementation, weak institutional coordination, and notable skill gaps among enterprise founders. These structural challenges reduce business survival rates and limit long-term growth. The review further finds that innovation hubs, including Nairobi’s iHub and university-based incubation centres, have created valuable support structures through mentorship, networking, and access to digital infrastructure. Despite these gains, their impact remains geographically concentrated and does not adequately address the needs of entrepreneurs operating outside major urban centres. Moreover, many programs do not sufficiently respond to practical business management and financing challenges faced by early-stage enterprises. The paper concludes that achieving Kenya’s Vision 2030 development objectives requires a coordinated and sustained strategy. The study therefore recommended that the government should strengthen entrepreneurship education, expand access to blended financing, decentralize innovation infrastructure, and improve institutional coordination to promote sustainable enterprise development in Kenya
Farkhanda Rauf, Muhammad Saleem Ullah Khan
This systematic review focuses on the history of environmental and carbon costing systems, its application, and development of the methodology in the industries and international environment. The review is a synthesis of evidence by key frameworks of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA), Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA), Full Cost Accounting (FCA), carbon foot printing methods, and internal carbon pricing mechanisms. It has been found that these costing systems are very important in enhancing cost visibility, waste streams, resource efficiency, and corporate sustainability strategies. MFCA and EMA continue to represent the most common form of implementation, especially in manufacturing and high impact industries whereas carbon accounting and pricing instruments become even more popular in support of making investment decisions and estimating climate risks. Although they have potential, adoption is not even because not all are measured, standard guidelines are not used, data quality is not always good, especially with Scope 3 emissions, and is not well integrated with financial reporting. There is also a lack of longitudinal studies, and SMEs and developing economies are underrepresented using empirical evidence. The review also indicates an increasing interest in digitalization, such as AI monitoring and real time emission tracking, but they are not in practical use. The improvement of methodological consistency and the broader and more extensive research in a variety of industry and other geographic settings will help to develop green cost accounting and aid low carbon decision making.
Happy Pere-ela Omodu
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a critical element in enhancing Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) performance, particularly in the banking sector. This study evaluates the impact of CSR initiatives on organizational performance in the United Bank for Africa (UBA), focusing on community development, education, healthcare, gender inclusiveness, and environmental sustainability. Drawing from secondary sources, including policy reports, sustainability disclosures, empirical studies, and bank publications, the research examines how UBA’s CSR programs influence stakeholder trust, employee morale, brand reputation, and financial performance. Findings indicate that UBA’s CSR initiatives, such as the UBA Foundation programs, Read Africa, National Essay Competition, Food Bank, and Women Sustainable Finance, positively contribute to both community development and organizational growth. The bank’s focus on education, healthcare, and gender diversity has strengthened relationships with local communities, enhanced employee engagement, and attracted socially conscious customers. Environmental sustainability initiatives, including energy efficiency, waste management, and paperless banking, align UBA with ESG trends, ensuring long-term competitiveness. The study also identifies challenges related to program reach, effectiveness, and stakeholder engagement, highlighting the need for regular evaluation, improved communication, community collaboration, and integration of measurable ESG metrics. Recommendations emphasize enhancing employee training, incentivizing participation in CSR, and expanding focus on critical environmental issues. Overall, the research concludes that CSR, when strategically aligned with ESG principles, significantly enhances UBA’s organizational performance, operational stability, and long-term business sustainability.
Tafara Marazi
The article presents a comprehensive scholarly examination of the life, artistry, and legacy of Ephat Mujuru (1950-2001). He was a black Shona Zimbabwean; and seminal figure in the history of the mbira dzaVadzimu, framed within the dual processes of Mbira music development and internationalisation. It argues that Mujuru operated as a pivotal cultural interlocutor, whose music career trajectory encapsulated the tensions and synergies between localised musical practice, national cultural politics in post-colonial Zimbabwe and the global world music market. The analysis situates his work within the broader discourse of musical change, authenticity, transmission, commodification, and internationalisation. Drawing on a qualitative methodology rooted in historical ethnomusicology, the study synthesises existing scholarly literature, archival recordings, journalistic accounts, and recorded interviews to construct a detailed narrative of his influence. The article explores how Mujuru navigated and shaped the development of mbira music through pedagogical innovation, compositional synthesis, and performative adaptation, while simultaneously catalyzing its internationalisation through diaspora engagement, academic collaboration, and commercial recording. The article concludes that Mujuru's legacy represents a complex, agentive model for the sustainable globalisation of a deep-rooted musical tradition, challenging binary conceptions of the local and the global and offering a nuanced case study in the dynamics of cultural flow, resilience, and reinterpretation in the late twentieth century.
Dr. Pradipta Kumar Mishra
Elementary education is central to promoting social justice and inclusive development in India, particularly under the provisions of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 enacted in pursuance of Article 21A of the Constitution. The present study explores equity concerns in elementary education through the perceptions of Block Resource Centre Coordinators (BRCCs) in Balasore district of Odisha. Recognizing BRCCs as key academic functionaries responsible for monitoring, mentoring, and supporting schools at the block level, the study seeks to understand how equity-related provisions under the RTE framework are interpreted and implemented at the grassroots level. A descriptive survey method was adopted, covering all 12 BRCCs across the 12 blocks of Balasore district. A structured questionnaire comprising 16 statements related to gender equity, inclusion of Children with Special Needs (CWSN), support for disadvantaged and minority groups, infrastructure facilities, and academic support mechanisms was administered using a five-point rating scale. The findings reveal that BRCCs largely perceive equity provisions as being effectively implemented. They reported positive outcomes in areas such as girls’ enrolment and access to benefits, availability of separate toilets, timely distribution of textbooks and uniforms, scholarship support for Scheduled Caste students, inclusion of out-of-school children, provision of assistive devices and resource teachers for CWSN, and bridging gaps between social categories. The overall perception indicates structural compliance with RTE norms and a narrowing of gender and social disparities. However, the study emphasizes the need for sustained monitoring, capacity building, and reduction of non-academic administrative burdens on BRCCs to ensure that equity moves beyond procedural compliance to meaningful participation and improved learning outcomes. Strengthening academic leadership at the block level remains crucial for realizing the constitutional mandate of inclusive and equitable elementary education.
Avutswa, N., Isabwa, H.K., Kimani, E.M.
Unit trust funds strive to record good performance in order to realize their investment objectives. However, not all unit trust funds record good performance. The current study therefore sought to determine the effect of investing in equity on the performance of unit trust funds in Kenya. Fund size had been adopted as a moderator and therefore the study further sought to determine the moderating effect of fund size on the relationship between equity investments and performance of unit trust funds in Kenya. This study adopted a positivism research philosophy and a causal design. Target population was 37 approved unit trust funds in Kenya as at August 2024. The study used secondary data which was collected using a secondary data collection sheet. Data collected was analyzed using Stata version 18.0. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used in data analysis. Descriptive statistics that were adopted in this study include; mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum while the inferential statistic tools that were used include both Pearson correlation and panel data analysis. Hausman test was used to determine whether to adopt a fixed effects model or a random effects model. Jacque Bera, Breusch-Pagan, Durbin-Watson tests was used to test normality of residuals, heteroscedasticity and serial correlation respectively. Multicollinearity was tested using variance inflation factor. Stationarity tests were conducted in the study. Findings revealed that investing in equity has a significant positive effect on the performance of unit trust funds with (β= 0.270, p < 0.05). Fund size had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between investing in equities and performance of unit trust funds with (β= 0.724, p<0.05). The study concluded that investing in equity enhances the performance of unit trust funds in Kenya. Fund size affects the relationship between investing in equities and performance of unit trust funds. The study recommended that the fund managers of unit trust funds should increase the proportion on investment in equity as it has the potential to increase asset return.
Stephen Banwar Wanlor, Tali Jonah Dashe
The study conducted an Error Analysis of Lower Basic Education Number and Numeration Skills with implication for remediation. The purpose of the study was to analyze the errors that primary three pupils made from the content area of numbers and numerations from the 9-Year Lower Basic Education Curriculum Guide. The researchers employed the cross-sectional survey research design. The target population was pupils in primary three in Pankshin LGA from the Central Geo-Political Zones of Plateau State, Nigeria. A sample size of 235 pupils was obtained through a simple random sampling technique. The instrument for the study called Error Analysis of Lower Basic Education Numbers and Numeration Test (EALBENNT) was developed by the researchers using the modified Blooms Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. The instrument was validated by mathematics experts. A reliability coefficient of 0.78 was obtained using the Cronbach Alpha method. The data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. The findings revealed that the pupils committed 80% conceptual errors, 9% procedural errors, 6% computational errors and 5% careless errors The result further showed a significant difference in scores of respondents based on school type: public (M=6.99, SD=1.69) and private (M=7.41, SD= 1.66); T (233) = -2.21, p = .03. and no significant difference in scores based on school location:urban (M=7.20, SD=1.71) and rural (M=5.70, SD= 1.59); T (233) = 1.94, p = .054. It was concluded that error analysis can help greatly in ascertaining the major challenges faced by the lower basic pupils and recommended among others that Lower Basic Education mathematics teachers should include error analysis as a method of assessment.
Dr. John Lander Ichenwo, Marvellous Amos
Lost circulation is one of the most chronic and most expensive problems in the drilling process as it leads to enormous losses in terms of finances and time. The conventional prediction methods mainly are based on the traditional well logs and correlations which have been empirically determined and which fully exploit the rich textual information available in the Formation Microresistivity Imaging (FMI) logs. The work is the innovative supervised machine learning model based on the use of the Random Forest classification algorithms to estimate the lost circulation areas based on the combination of the traditional Logging While Drilling (LWD) data with the texture features of the FMI image logs. The methodology was used on a large dataset of six wells of the Niger Delta, and this includes more than lost circulation events recorded by drilling reports. The conventional logs (gamma ray, resistivity, bulk density, caliper) were used as the input parameters complemented with the texture descriptors based on the FMI images determined by the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) methods. GLCM texture characteristics such as contrast, correlation, homogeneity and energy were calculated with the help of Open CV and at 0, 45, 90, and 135 angular orientations. Preprocessing of data included removing outliers, lithological coding, and depth matching of traditional logs with image-based characteristics. Random Forest classifier was trained on 70% of the data and was validated on the 30% of the data with 100 estimators and the maximum depth of 10 implemented in scikit-learn with Python. Accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score and ROC-AUC were used to measure model performance. Findings indicate that the combined method had an overall prediction accuracy of 86% and the image-based texture characterizations increased accuracy by 14% points as opposed to the traditional log-only models (71% to 86%). The ROC-AUC rose by 0.79 in case of conventional features and 0.91 of the combined feature set. The analysis of the feature importance showed that the most important features were texture contrast and caliper measurements. The methodology will allow the identification of lost circulation areas at an initial stage during the real-time implementation of drilling activities and allows taking proactive measures to mitigate the latter and improve the productivity of operations.
Abdoulie Dahaba, Mustapha Sonko
This paper examines Gambia’s diplomatic responses to the European Union’s migration policies with emphasis on externalization. Using the remote control of migration theory as its analytical framework, it explores bilateral cooperation of Gambia within the broader multilateral frameworks. Using the qualitative case study design, the data is generated from 16 respondents purposively selected from returnees, residents, youth, and other persons of interest. The study revealed key diplomatic approaches such as deportation (31.25%) and readmission, EU-funded control initiatives, and identification missions, among other initiated agreements, which provide aid but place administrative burdens and social stigma on returnees. The asymmetric power in EU-Gambia relations is highlighted by these dynamics, which have a detrimental impact on migrant mental health, asylum access, and local livelihoods through remittance volatility (31% of GDP) and reintegration gaps. In order to reduce irregular flows while preserving sovereignty, the paper recommends balanced policies that prioritize youth employment and legal migration channels and sustainable reintegration strategies.
Justice Agyei Ampofo, Obeng Owusu-Boateng
The development of international law was a long standing historical process which was influenced mainly by European intellectual traditions, political interests and expansions of empires. The principles of sovereignty, territoriality, diplomacy and state behavior have been determined since centuries in a perspective of European powers which enjoyed a disproportionate power in the international matters. The period after 1945 has however ushered in fundamental developments such as decolonisation, increasing global interdependence, and the expansion of international institutions brought a more inclusive multilateral order. This article is an empirical literature based evaluation of the effect of the move to a Eurocentric to a multilateral international system on the evolution of the contemporary international law. The work based on the contributions of the academic literature, assesses the transformation of the law making processes, human rights norms, trade regimes, dispute settlement structures and customary international law. The review concludes that modern international law has become much more universal, participatory, and normatively varied but still structural imbalances based on the fact that Eurocentrism are present. The change, thus, is indeed significant yet not final, it represents a changing legal order of the world, instead of complete eradication of inequalities of the past.
Ademola E. AYODELE, Folorunso David AKINDEKO
The study examined how Nigeria's agricultural output sustainability was impacted by human capital development during a 44-year period, from 1981 to 2024. The study specifically looked at the effects of labour force participation, government spending on health, education, and agriculture on real agricultural GDP. The autoregressive distributed lag model method was used to the data set, which included labour force participation, government investments agriculture, health, education, and real agricultural GDP. The information came from the statistics bulletins published by the CBN and NBS. Long-term relationships between Nigeria's agricultural output and the development of human capital are demonstrated by the findings. The study also found that labour force participation, government investment on agriculture, health, education, impacts real agricultural GDP in a favourable and substantial way in the short run.
Dr. Madonna P. Melchor, Gisselle G. Manahan, Kate Angel M. Fajutrao, Mark Brian L. Morante, Zernan R. Maling
This study examined employer feedback on the job performance of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management (BSHM) graduates of Mindoro State University–Bongabong Campus, focusing on competence, commitment, collaboration, and credibility. A descriptive–correlational research design was employed to determine the level of graduates’ job performance and to examine the relationship between their length of service in the hospitality industry and workplace performance. Data were collected from thirty (30) employers who served as immediate supervisors, managers, or establishment owners of BSHM graduates employed in hospitality establishments within and outside the province of Mindoro. A standardized Employer’s Feedback on Job Performance Questionnaire was used, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s r correlation. The findings revealed that the graduates demonstrated a very good level of job performance across all dimensions, indicating strong workplace readiness despite limited industry experience. High ratings were noted in teamwork, ethical conduct, professionalism, and participation in organizational operations. Lower-ranked indicators included adapting to new operating technologies, prioritizing organizational concerns over personal matters, respecting individual differences, and responsible use of organizational resources; however, these areas remained within the very good descriptive level. Correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between years of service and job performance, suggesting that length of industry experience alone does not determine employee effectiveness. The results highlight the importance of employer feedback as a reliable indicator of graduate preparedness and curriculum relevance. The study emphasizes the need for higher education institutions to further strengthen technology integration, ethical development, and career readiness initiatives to enhance graduate employability and alignment with hospitality industry demands.
Ahmad Shaarizan Shaarani, H. A. Sulaiman, Iznora Aini Zolkifly, M. L. B. Dolhalit, Nur Saadah Mohd Shapri
The Flexible Learning System (FLS), introduced by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MoHE) in 2022, aims to provide higher education students with greater flexibility in managing their study schedules, optimising resource utilisation, and improving access to education. This case study evaluates the implementation of FLS in the Bachelor of Computer Science (Interactive Media) with Honours (BITM) programme at Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), employing a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected through a structured survey administered to 58 students from the 2023/2024 and 2024/2025 academic cohorts, supplemented by an analysis of official faculty documents. The findings indicate that while FLS offers notable advantages — including scheduling flexibility and cost savings — significant challenges persist, such as reduced effectiveness of practical learning, technological access gaps, and low student engagement. This study proposes a blended learning model that integrates face-to-face and online instruction, accompanied by improvements to digital infrastructure, as strategies to enhance the effectiveness of FLS. The findings carry important implications for policymakers and universities seeking to design more sustainable and effective flexible learning frameworks.
Hasan Rachmany, Vincentius Murnawan Juli Sutanto
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of e-Invoice implementation in minimizing the issuance of Tax Invoices Not Based on Actual Transactions (TBTS) and to analyze law enforcement by the West Jakarta Regional Office of the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT). This qualitative research with a case study approach uses primary data from in-depth interviews with four key informants and secondary data in the form of official DGT documents for the 2020-2024 period. The results show that e-Invoicing is effective in improving tax administration efficiency, but it is not effective in eliminating the practice of TBTS Tax Invoices because the system is only capable of validating administrative aspects without being able to verify the economic substance of transactions. Law enforcement is carried out in stages based on the ultimum remedium principle, but its effectiveness depends on the financial capacity of taxpayers to recover state losses. The main obstacles include gaps in identity verification, the use of figurehead directors, misuse of access credentials, and the post-audit nature of law enforcement. The study recommends strengthening biometric verification, integrating inter-agency systems, and developing early detection capabilities based on data analytic.
Adrian C. Gella, Jane Rosse A. Sarmiento, Karie Britanny A. Englis, Marian D. Sacurom, Noli P. Julosan, Princess G. Sebastian, Ryza Jelly M. Ebol, Shella Marie T. Soriano, Xena Gabrielle T. Angelo, Zuchinni Nathalie B. Jucotmaya
In the United Kingdom, it was found that undergraduate student satisfaction in higher education was greatly enhanced by warm, respectful, and trusting relationships with approachable and empathetic staff, alongside well-organized courses, with staff support and job security being essential for sustaining such relational teaching (Bell, 2021). In the United States, students who have caregiving duties often experience depression and anxiety, which these feelings are connected to their financial aid records, part-time status, and their grades. Moreover, students who provide care are more likely to have emotional stress and struggle more with their schoolwork (Armstrong et al., 2022). Caregiving students who provide support that cares, for example, help them reduce burnout and enhance their quality of life (Dang et al., 2025). The study carefully looked at many important areas that affect how happy caregiving students feel, including how much teachers support students, how good the teaching was, how comfortable and helpful the learning spaces are, the support and services offered to students, the campus facilities, and how well students feel prepared for life after the school campus (Zhu, 2025).
Fhil Michael G. Belgica, Kathleen Guill L. Rodriguez, Keith C. Cabanas, Korina Jean M. Regis
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) alleviates chronic economic scarcity among marginalized Filipino families; yet, its impact on the psychological well-being of its most vulnerable beneficiaries—solo mothers—remains underexplored. Navigating the compounding challenges of sole parenthood and economic hardship, these mothers experience a unique psychological landscape shaped by long-term program participation. To examine these lived experiences, this qualitative study employed a Transcendental Phenomenological approach, focusing on solo-mother beneficiaries enrolled for over seven years in Argao, Cebu. Utilizing homogeneous purposive sampling, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with four participants, achieving data saturation. Data were analyzed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis adapted through a Husserlian lens of Epoché (bracketing) to ensure the findings reflected the authentic consciousness of the participants without researcher bias. The findings revealed four core themes central to their psychological well-being: (1) Psychological Decompression via Security, reflecting profound emotional relief and the removal of the mental load of chronic poverty; (2) Gratitude and Contentment, highlighting a resilient mindset of self-acceptance and cognitive reappraisal; (3) Resilience and Self-Efficacy, capturing growing confidence negotiated alongside the reality of "exit anxiety" regarding eventual program graduation; and (4) Enhanced Family and Social Well-Being, driven by a deep sense of belonging cultivated through mandatory Family Development Sessions (FDS). The study concludes that the 4Ps functions as a vital psychosocial intervention that restores human dignity. To address exit anxiety, the research recommends the implementation of Kahayag sa Paglaum, a structured psychological "step-down" intervention program designed to equip graduating solo mothers for sustainable economic autonomy and lasting emotional resilience
Maudlyn Ireju Victor-Ikoh, Victor Ikoh
Sustainable maritime transport is a growing concern for the International Marine Organization (IMO) as it seeks to align with the Sustainable Development Agenda of 2030. LNG energy is still within the fossil fuel family; however, it is a better energy source than fossil fuel resources like coal or oil. Consequently, since the use of LNG for energy sources is projected to continue substituting other fossil fuels and play a role in the reduction of carbon emissions, sustainable shipping and LNG trade are critical to address. This paper is a qualitative study that adopts a PESTLE analysis of global LNG Trade and the implications on sustainability. To examine how to achieve a sustainable balance, on how LNG shipping and trade activities operate to meet the present demand for LNG without compromising the sustainable state of future generations. The study reveals that global LNG trade operates within a multifaceted web of forces, each carrying significant implications for sustainable shipping and trade across generations. Geopolitical tensions continue to disrupt trade routes, while market volatility, social equity concerns, and mounting environmental pressures collectively challenge the industry's sustainability trajectory. Nevertheless, accelerating technological innovation signals a growing industry commitment to decarbonization.
Adebawojo Oladipupo Akindehinde, Okezie Stella Ogechukwu, Oti Chibuzo Agbai
The study focused on executive compensation and financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Executive compensation was measured with Directors’ compensation, CEO compensation and chairman’s compensation whereas financial performance was measured using return on assets, return on equity and earnings per share. Ex-post facto research design was employed in the study. Using ten selected deposit money banks in Nigeria, data was collected from the annual reports and financial statements of the ten (10) banks. Pre-estimation test carried out showed that the variables were not normally distributed necessitating the use of generalized method of moments (GMM) regression. Results reveal that Directors’ compensation, has a positive but insignificant effect on return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). While CEO compensation and chairman’s compensation have significant but negative effect on return on asset and return on equity of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study conclude that executive compensation do not have significant effect on financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends amongst others that deposit money banks develop a more performance-oriented compensation structure that closely ties executive pay particularly CEO and chairman’s compensation to measurable financial indicators such as ROA and ROE. Linking bonuses and incentives to long-term performance metrics rather than short-term gains can reduce agency problems and ensure that executives act in the best interest of shareholders.
Masri bin Abdul Lasi
Background and Purpose: The increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability has encouraged organizations to adopt green marketing strategies to promote environmentally responsible consumption. However, a persistent discrepancy remains between consumer awareness of sustainability issues and actual purchasing behavior, commonly referred to as the green marketing–behavior gap. This study aims to examine the influence of eco-labeling, green advertising, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and sustainable packaging on sustainable product choices among Malaysian consumers and to explore the extent to which green marketing initiatives translate into behavioral outcomes.
Agboga Silas Ehimen, Asaju Joel Ayodeji*, Morgan Albert A, Oladele Oluwatayo Olawale
Over the last few years, Lagos State has seen a growth of e-commerce, but the last-mile delivery problems of traffic, poor road networks, high delivery costs, and inefficient address systems have resulted in a delivery snarl. These unfulfilled delivery systems negatively impact e-commerce customer retention and the profitability of e-commerce ventures. Even so, these snarl systems impact e-commerce in Lagos State as a result of their inefficiencies on in the logistics systems and customer trust. Using a survey research design, e-commerce customers and logistics providers from all of Lagos State were sampled, resulting in a sample size of 384 customers, traced with structured questionnaires. These were analyzed, with the predictions checked, by simple descriptive and multiple regression analytical systems. The multiple regression shows B = 0.642, t = 7.735, p = 0.000 (< 0.05). Since p < 0.05, the Ho was rejected, and H1 is accepted. The results indicate that last-mile delivery systems do influence the growth of e-commerce systems in Lagos State. The study concludes that although Lagos has systemic infrastructural bottlenecks, firm-level strategies like technology use, flexible delivery systems, and contracts with local courier agents help alleviate some of the challenges. As a result, the study proposes that governmental and private infrastructure deficit stakeholders engage on the integration of novel infrastructural bottlenecks, more e-Commerce and Logistics providers need to be equipped and invested in automated systems like the real-time delivery tracking systems. More firms should integrate active and passive delivery systems within one system, amongst others
Gladys N. Chatto, Roque N. Langcoy II*
This qualitative phenomenological study aimed to explore the challenges, available resources, and support networks influencing access to higher-level sports meets for hinterland athletes, as experienced by teacher–coaches. Specifically, the study sought to understand how teacher–coaches navigate structural and environmental constraints while facilitating athletes’ participation in competitive sports events. The research was conducted in selected hinterland schools in the New Corella District, Division of Davao del Norte, Philippines. Participants were purposively selected teacher–coaches who were directly involved in training athletes and coordinating their participation in sports competitions. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions and were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and meanings from their lived experiences. Findings revealed that teacher–coaches faced multiple interconnected challenges, including limited sports facilities and equipment, financial constraints, geographical isolation, transportation difficulties, and insufficient institutional support. Despite these barriers, significant forms of support emerged through the personal commitment and resourcefulness of teacher–coaches, collaborative efforts with fellow coaches, support from school administrators and parents, and assistance from local communities and local government units. These coping mechanisms and support systems played a crucial role in sustaining athletes’ participation in higher-level sports meets. The study concludes that equitable access to competitive sports opportunities for hinterland athletes requires strengthened institutional policies, improved resource allocation, and enhanced multi-sectoral collaboration to support teacher–coaches in resource-limited contexts.
Amir Lukman Abd Rahman, Muhammad Danish Haikal Shukor, Muhammad Hariz Mohammad Hafiz, Nabilla Kusuma Vardhani, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Rasyiqah Batrisya Md Zolkapli, Wan Muhammad Fitri Wan Amir Nizam
Writing is a core academic competency at the tertiary level, yet many undergraduates experience anxiety during writing, particularly in second‑language (L2) contexts where idea generation, organisation, and language control converge under evaluation pressures. At the same time, motivational beliefs such as self‑efficacy and task value are expected to support engagement and persistence in academic writing. However, prior work reports mixed findings on how writing anxiety relates to these motivational beliefs, leaving a conceptual gap in L2 writing research. This study addresses that gap by examining the interplay between writing anxiety and writing motivation among undergraduates in a Malaysian public university. This quantitative survey involved 132 undergraduates and used a 31‑item Likert‑scale instrument organised into two sections: Writing Motivation (self‑efficacy; task value) and Writing Anxiety (cognitive, somatic, avoidance). Reliability for subscales ranged from good to excellent. Descriptive results showed that anxiety was most salient in evaluative and time‑pressured situations, whereas students reported generally high self‑efficacy and task value. Correlation analyses indicated no significant relationships between writing anxiety and self‑efficacy, and between writing anxiety and task value, and inferential tests showed no significant differences in anxiety or self‑efficacy across education background or disciplinary clusters. The overall findings suggest that writing anxiety coexists with strong motivational beliefs and operates as a situational rather than trait‑like inhibitor in this context. Pedagogically, the study implies the need to reduce evaluation salience and time pressure through assessment design and pacing, while sustaining students’ existing competence beliefs and perceived value for writing. Conceptually, the results support a differentiated view in which motivation and anxiety proceed in parallel processes, inviting longitudinal and mixed‑methods to test conditional pathways that may mediate their interplay.
Husna Abdul Ahad, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Nor Ili Ahmad Tajuddin, Nur Afiqah Ab Latif, Raja Rosila Raja Berahim, Siti Saleha Sanusi
Learning strategies refer to the approaches individuals use to complete learning tasks, which vary according to personal preferences. In learning German, the effective use of these strategies is essential for facilitating the learning process and enhancing students’ performance. Despite increasing interest in language learning strategies, limited studies have examined these strategies within a social-cognitive learning framework in the context of German as a third language in Malaysia, making this study significant in providing empirical and contextual evidence. This study explores language learning strategies from the perspective of reciprocal determinism by examining undergraduate students’ perceptions of the strategies they employ and the interrelationships among these strategies in achieving optimal learning outcomes in learning German at the main campus of Malaysia’s largest public university. This study employed a quantitative approach using a 5-point Likert-scale survey distributed via Google Forms to 164 students enrolled in a third-language German course. It contained four sections, which were rooted in Bandura’s (1978) concept of reciprocal determinism and the learning strategies proposed by Wenden & Rubin (1987). The instruments were divided into three sections, consisting of 42 items with 19 items on Power, 11 items on Affective and 12 items on Affiliation. The findings indicated that students demonstrated strong cognitive and metacognitive engagement, effective affective self-regulation, and appreciation for peer support, although their consistency in study routines and class attendance was limited. These results suggest that language instructors should design learning activities that not only foster cognitive and emotional engagement but also encourage consistent study habits and active participation to maximise students’ learning outcomes in German. These findings highlight the importance of integrating cognitive, affective, and social dimensions in language learning strategies and offer new insights into the application of reciprocal determinism in learning German as a third language in Malaysia, contributing empirical evidence for more effective instructional practices.
C.G. Balasooriya, K.M.S Weerasinghe, N. Vidanagae, R.P.C.K Jayasinghe, S.N Palagasinghe
The flower and foliage nursery sector plays a vital role in Sri Lanka’s rural development and agricultural sustainability, particularly in specialized regions such as the Hingurakgoda Flower and Foliage Nursery Village. Despite its economic and cultural significance, limited scholarly attention has been given to the lived experiences, challenges, and adaptive practices of nursery holders operating within this community. This study adopts a qualitative research approach to explore the cultural heritage preservation practices, market-related challenges, and the role of technological innovation among nursery holders in Hingurakgoda. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with thirty nursery holders selected using purposive sampling to ensure diversity in experience, scale of operation, and community engagement. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal three dominant themes: cultural heritage preservation, market challenges, and technological innovation. Nursery holders demonstrated a strong commitment to preserving traditional cultivation methods, indigenous knowledge, and culturally rooted practices that reinforce local identity and sustainable agriculture. However, participants also reported significant challenges related to limited market access, price fluctuations, and competition from large-scale nurseries. To address these constraints, nursery holders employed strategies such as cooperative marketing, digital platforms, and social media engagement. Technological innovations, including precision farming, automated irrigation, and fertigation systems, were found to enhance productivity and operational efficiency, although high costs and limited access to financial support constrained wider adoption. The study highlights the need for targeted policy interventions, improved agricultural extension services, financial support mechanisms, and capacity-building initiatives to strengthen market competitiveness, promote technological adoption, and safeguard cultural heritage. By addressing these interconnected dimensions, the research contributes to enhancing the resilience and sustainability of the nursery holder community and supports broader rural development objectives in Sri Lanka.
Aina Athirah Rozman Azram, Madaha Hanafi @ Mohd Ghani, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Nurul Iman Ahmad Bukhari, Siti Ainul Ayzan Ayub, Siti Khadijah Omar
Learning in a digital age has transformed educational practices, with online learning becoming an increasingly common method of instruction. However, learning in online environments does not come without challenges, as learners often experience reduced social interaction, increased cognitive demands, and a greater need for self-regulation, all of which may affect learners’ motivation. Based on Alderfer’s ERG theory, this quantitative study was conducted among 143 students from a local university in Malaysia using a structured questionnaire survey. The study adopted Fowler’s (2018) online motivation constructs, mapping existence needs to task value and extrinsic motivation, relatedness needs to social engagement and instructor support, and growth needs to self-efficacy and control of learning beliefs. Data were collected using a 5-point Likert-scale survey to examine how the three needs—existence, relatedness, and growth—influence learners’ online learning motivation. The findings indicate that learners feel more motivated and engaged in online learning when their growth, existence, and relatedness needs are fulfilled. These needs were found to be closely interconnected, suggesting that learners’ motivation is shaped by the combined fulfillment of multiple needs rather than any single factor. Overall, the findings suggest that learners’ success in online learning is closely tied to the support they receive from both instructors and peers.
Lee Ai Chat, Leona Kiu King Chieh, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Sarah Tan Ee Sin, Tan Su Ling, Tengku Azeezeen Bt Tengku Shamsudden
Reading anxiety is a significant emotional factor that can undermine learners’ engagement and achievement in second or foreign language reading. For many learners, reading is not merely a cognitive task but an experience shaped by confidence, classroom practices, and the learning environment. Drawing on Bandura’s (1986) Social Cognitive Theory, this quantitative study explores how personal beliefs, reading-related behaviours, and environmental influences interact to shape learners’ reading anxiety. Data were collected through a 27-item, 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire adapted from Milao and Vibulphol (2020) and Zoghi (2012), administered to 508 Malaysian university students from Science and Technology and Business and Management disciplines. The findings indicate moderate levels of reading anxiety across all three factors, with learners reporting greater anxiety when facing vocabulary difficulties and anxiety-provoking instructional practices such as being called upon to translate texts. Significant, positive relationships were found among personal, behavioural, and environmental factors, reflecting the reciprocal interactions proposed by Social Cognitive Theory. Differences in personal and behavioural reading anxiety were also observed across academic disciplines, while environmental factors showed no significant variation. Overall, the study highlights the complex and interconnected nature of reading anxiety and underscores the importance of supportive instructional practices and strategy-focused reading instruction in fostering learners’ confidence and engagement.
Md Nazim Uddin, Shakibur Rahman Shourov
This study examines university students’ perceptions of democratic consolidation in Bangladesh in the aftermath of the July 2024 Movement, a landmark moment in the nation’s democratic trajectory. Emerging from widespread student-led mobilization, the movement renewed debates on institutional accountability, civic freedoms, and democratic reform. Against this background, the study aims to explore how university students interpret the meaning, progress, and future prospects of democratic consolidation in post-movement Bangladesh. Despite growing scholarship on democratic consolidation in Bangladesh, limited attention has been given to youth perceptions in post-movement political contexts. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, it combines a quantitative survey of 300 students selected through simple random sampling from five major public universities with 15 in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted via snowball sampling among active participants in the movement. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis. This methodology assesses attitudes toward political stability, institutional trust, civic rights, participatory governance, and reform priorities, while also capturing the nuanced views students attach to their political experiences. The findings reveal that students are cautiously optimistic about the democratic process and broadly agree that electoral and constitutional reforms are essential for strengthening institutional accountability. A strong emphasis is placed on political stability and the rule of law as prerequisites for democratic resilience. However, skepticism persists regarding the consistent protection of civic freedoms and the effectiveness and impartiality of democratic institutions. They conceptualize democratic consolidation not merely as a formal arrangement but as a dynamic process requiring credible institutions, participatory governance, and sustained reform. This study contributes by amplifying student voices as essential indicators of Bangladesh's democratic trajectory, highlighting both the promise and challenges of the post-July democratic future. Overall, the study concludes that democratic consolidation in Bangladesh is an evolving process that requires continuous reform and stronger civic engagement.
Lawal Babatunde LATEEF
Lean manufacturing has transformed from being more than just a production philosophy advocated by Toyota to an international approach to efficiency, waste reduction and competitiveness. Although lean practices have been organized in developed economies like Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom, their use in developing economies has not been widely addressed, especially in the context of the manufacturing industry in Nigeria. The current study examined the impact of lean manufacturing on the operational performance of Dangote Cement Factory, which is one of the largest industrial companies in Nigeria. Quantitative research design was adopted whereby the survey strategy was adopted whereby structured questionnaires were administered to the operational staff. Based on the estimated sample size, 94% of the responses were obtained and analyzed using IBM SPSS and the PROCESS macro.
Glenne B. Lagura, Heracatte Balinang, Keren Hope R. Fernando, Nicole Joey D. Tucjayao
This study developed a framework to enhance e-government implementation in selected local government units (LGUs) in Davao del Norte. Using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design, qualitative data were gathered through 9 key informant interviews, followed by a quantitative survey involving 235 participants. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed six core dimensions of e-government: (1) Institutional Digital Readiness, (2) Citizen Engagement Mechanisms, (3) Digital Infrastructure Accessibility, (4) E-employment Enablement, (5) Digital Capacity Building, and (6) Secure and Equitable Digital Access. These dimensions accounted for 49.37% of the total variance, affirming the multifaceted nature of e- government in local governance. The results point out the value of digital literacy, successful electronic governance involving institutional support, inclusive access and citizen response. The framework is consistent with international digital governance frameworks, but specific to respond to the requirements of issues facing the Philippine LGUs like insufficient infrastructure and digital divides. This framework provides a practical guide for local policymakers, IT personnel, and stakeholders aiming to improve digital service delivery. Future studies are recommended to apply Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to validate the framework further and support its application across other regions.
Dr Kpobari Peter Visigah, Dr Ogechi Addline Wechie, Dr Utchay A. Okorji
Commercial land use expansion has become a defining feature of rapidly urbanizing cities in Nigeria, often reshaping residential neighbourhoods and altering urban spatial structure. Despite this transformation, limited empirical research has examined the key determinants influencing commercial land use decisions at corridor level in Port Harcourt. This study investigates the factors influencing commercial land use decisions along Woji Road (GRA Phase 2) and Peter Odili Road in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining field observation and structured questionnaires administered to 184 business and property owners selected through systematic sampling. Data were analysed using Chi-square statistics, Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index, and multiple response analysis. Results show statistically significant differences in land-use distribution (χ² = 25.490, p < 0.05) and commercial activity composition (χ² = 33.94, p < 0.001) between the two corridors. Shannon diversity values indicate higher commercial diversity along Peter Odili Road (H′ = 0.997) compared to Woji Road (H′ = 0.386). Location (97.8%) and economic considerations (92.9%) emerged as dominant drivers of commercial land use decisions, while agglomeration effects (10.4%) and legal factors (30.4%) were comparatively weaker determinants. The findings highlight the primacy of accessibility and market-driven forces over regulatory and clustering considerations in shaping commercial land use decisions. The study provides empirical insight for urban planning policy, particularly in strengthening zoning control, managing corridor commercialization, and promoting sustainable spatial development.
Dr Garima Kalita, Himi Saikia
Textbooks are not only tools for delivering content but also visual mediums that influence how students engage with and understand academic material. This study explores the perceptions of B.Ed. student teachers regarding the role and effectiveness of illustrations in Class IX and X English textbooks prescribed by the Meghalaya Board of School Education (MBOSE). A total of 60 pre-service teachers were purposively selected as the sample for the study. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire containing both close-ended questions and open- ended questions focused on various aspects of textbook illustrations, including their relevance, cultural representation, environmental awareness, visual appeal, and inclusivity. The responses were analysed using frequency and percentage. The findings reveal that while illustrations are present in most chapters and generally considered helpful for comprehension and engagement, concerns remain regarding the extent to which they reflect local culture, avoid stereotypes, and effectively support classroom learning. The study underscores the importance of thoughtful visual design in textbooks to ensure both pedagogical value and cultural responsiveness.
A.P. Dr. Haliyana Binti Khalid, Muhammad Farid Bin Mohamed Yusoff
This study investigates the challenges that family-owned businesses on Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman (Jalan TAR) in Kuala Lumpur encounter as they navigate a changing retail environment characterized by declining traditional sales and an increase in online shopping. Digital transformation is crucial for current business strategies; however, many local entrepreneurs continue to adhere to outdated family business models, which impedes their ability to adapt to digital practices. Using qualitative methods— such as in-depth interviews, observations, and focus groups—the research assesses sixteen targeted businesses based on their readiness for digital transformation execution, identifying significant barriers including a lack of digital expertise, financial constraints, and cultural resistance. The study also explores strategies employed by entrepreneurs to address these challenges, including leveraging government support, forming collaborative partnerships, and participating in targeted digital skills training. The findings develop a strategic framework to guide family-owned businesses through the digital transition, offering insights to help them thrive in the evolving retail landscape of Jalan TAR.
Azrin Raimi Bin Ahmad, Eliyas Bin Sulaiman Mohandas, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Nur Adibah Binti Zamri, Nurnadiah Binti Zamri, Siti Hajar Aisyah Binti Azhari
Writing anxiety is a common barrier to effective academic performance. This type of anxiety often reduces learners’ confidence and their willingness to participate in writing activities. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between writing anxiety and strategies across behavioural, personal and environmental factors using Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory as a framework. A quantitative survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire with a 46-item Likert scale instrument adapted from Bandura (1977), Cheng (2004) and Raoofi et. al. (2017). This questionnaire has been randomly distributed to 223 diploma and degree students. The results revealed that students have moderate levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety, whereas avoidance behaviours appeared less prominent. Other than that, learners also showed frequent use of metacognitive, effort regulation, and cognitive strategies, supported by social and affective support. There was a significant relationship between personal and environmental factors, but no correlation with behavioural factors. Inferential tests showed a statistically significant difference in behaviour and personal strategies across levels of study, but no differences were found across courses. These results suggest that learners’ writing strategies, particularly self‑regulation and peer support, play a crucial role in mitigating writing anxiety. The study underscores the importance of integrating strategy‑based interventions and supportive environments to enhance writing confidence and performance.
Ayesya Azreena Mohd Azhar, Chua Tung Er, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Sharifah Nurul Shahirah Syed Roslee, Siti Khadijah Omar
Writing is an important but difficult skill in foreign language learning, particularly in Japanese as a foreign language (JFL). This is especially true when learning JFL, which is characterised by its complex writing systems and grammatical structures. Many students struggle with writing, which can have a negative impact on their confidence and participation in the classroom. Given this, the purpose of this study is to investigate how learners perceive writing anxiety and use writing strategies in Japanese composition. Ninety-one students in the Japanese preparatory programme were given a survey questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. The instrument was modified from Raoofi et al. (2017) and Cheng (2004), and the data was analysed using SPSS correlation analysis. According to the findings, JFL students are more likely to experience cognitive anxiety, particularly the fear of making mistakes and receiving poor grades. Despite this, the majority of students reported looking for additional opportunities to practise writing outside of the classroom and did not avoid writing assignments. Furthermore, the study found that students actively use writing techniques in five areas: metacognitive, effort regulation, cognitive, social, and affective strategies. Regular checks are also made to ensure that grammar is correct. Overall, the study found that JFL students exhibit both strategic writing behaviour and writing anxiety, emphasising the importance of strategy-based, supportive instruction.
Li Qingxiang
This study aimed to assess the internal and external training load adaptability of selected collegiate student-athletes, with a particular focus on identifying variations based on demographic and athletic profiles such as year level, playing experience, position, and weekly training hours. Utilizing a descriptive-comparative research design, data were collected from 60 varsity basketball players through a structured self-assessment questionnaire evaluating seven internal and external training load constructs. Results revealed that all constructs were rated within the “Agree” range, indicating an overall “Adaptable” level of training load responsiveness. Internally, Perceived Exertion (mean = 3.43) and Sleep Quality and Duration (mean = 3.41) emerged as the strongest domains, while Training Impulse and Psychomotor Speed showed relatively lower adaptability. Externally, athletes scored highest in Role-Specific Skill Application (mean = 3.49) and Endurance Management (mean = 3.39), but lowest in Movement Efficiency (mean = 3.14) and Explosive Performance Monitoring (mean = 2.98). Significant differences were observed in several adaptability indicators based on years of playing experience and playing position, but not by year level or training hours. Notably, less experienced athletes showed higher adaptability in both internal and external domains, suggesting the influence of motivation and recent training exposure. The findings highlight the need for more individualized, position-specific, and experience-sensitive training programs. A targeted intervention plan addressing the lowest-rated constructs is recommended to optimize athlete performance, support recovery, and reduce injury risks. This study reinforces the importance of integrating internal and external load monitoring within sports training frameworks, guided by Adaptation Theory, to support holistic athlete development.
Jane Irene, Sri Rejeki Murtiningsih, Surindar Kaur
Reading comprehension is the main method of integrating knowledge that promotes training methods and efficient coping in both academic and personal contexts. This research presents the factors affecting the reading comprehension of Malaysian secondary school students and how the affecting factors differ between the students’ genders. According to the findings, the majority of the students chose that reading motivation affects the students’ reading comprehension. Even though these students chose reading motivation as the factor that affects their reading comprehension, when it comes to the factor that affects them the most, the majority of the students chose vocabulary. Moreover, a strong correlation is found between reading motivation and vocabulary. Noting that the students chose these two factors, students' confidence in their capacity to read and comprehend texts may be impacted by their vocabulary. A strong vocabulary helps enhance reading motivation in students since it increases their sense of security when reading. From the findings obtained from the survey, it was revealed that the factors that affect reading comprehension differ between the genders of the students. Even though most students chose similar factors, it can be seen that male students chose reading materials as a factor, whereas none of the female students chose the factor. On the other hand, the female students, based on the findings obtained, revealed that reading without actually understanding it, the length of reading material provided was too long, and students lost interest in reading, and the background knowledge affected their reading comprehension.
Muna Mudathir Ragab Saeed, Pooja Vishnoi
Purpose Sustainable leadership express the ability of business organization to adapt to environmental challenges and changes, while considering the future sustainability and continuity of the businesses Most empirical evidence is found in developed economies and fragmented in single sectors, emerging economies are under researched. This research aims to investigate sustainable leadership development in Sudanese financial and telecommunication sector, and highlight managerial awareness, orientation and perceived obstacles to tis implementation. Methodology Approach This is an exploratory qualitative research designed to shed lights on specific context, semi structured interviews were conducted with managers in financial and telecommunication organizations Non probability sampling was used to select respondents, namely purposive sampling. The data was then analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key context specific practice factors influencing sustainable leadership development implementation. Findings The findings showed that a high level of understanding to the concept of sustainable leadership development among managers. A significant gap is perceived between awareness and practical implementation. The following obstacles: limited human capital capabilities, organizational culture, financial resources, digital infrastructure, governance practices and regulatory condition were highlighted. Theoretical Implications The research provides empirical evidence on Sustainable leadership development from an emerging economy. It highlights the contextual contingencies (crisis conditions) influencing sustainable leadership implementation in under-researched settings. The research advances theoretical integration between sustainable leadership and digital transformation in a combined sector financial service and telecommunication. Practical implications The research provides actionable insights for business organizations and policymakers to embed business the implementation of sustainable leadership development and impose regulatory factors and provide supportive governance measurements. Value The research highlights the contextual contingencies influencing sustainable leadership implementation in under-researched settings such as emerging economies. It also reveals how crisis conditions and absence of strategic intents shaped leadership development. The findings offer a framework for understanding sustainable leadership development in fragile environments.
Ernest U Chagunda, Ezrone Mkandawire
This qualitative multiple case study explored the factors that influence the implementation of practical physics classes in three Community Day Secondary Schools in Lilongwe, Malawi. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three head teachers and six physics teachers, while focus group discussions were held with 30 physics students. The reflexive thematic analysis of the data, conducted using the Braun and Clarke approach, identified three interrelated themes: the deprivation of systemic resource and capacity, the presence of cognitive dissonance between valued ideals and the reality of systemic constraints, and theoretical dominance with performative compliance. The results of this study confirmed that only one of the six teachers was specialized in science, that there were no operational laboratories in the schools, and that practicals were almost nonexistent despite their recognition as important by all stakeholders. With Fullan’s Educational Change Model and Hofstein & Lunetta’s Laboratory Learning Framework as theoretical perspectives, this study has revealed a self-fulfilling cycle of implementation failure, where resource weaknesses, teacher capacity weaknesses, and organizational barriers combine to maintain theoretically dominated teaching. The study recommends efforts at teacher capacity development and curriculum change to facilitate effective practical physics teaching.
Hashan Pathiraja, Nuwanthi Piyumika Kulathunga, Rasika Gunapala
Background: Neurorehabilitation is essential for optimising functional independence in children with chronic neurodisabilities. However, clinic default remains a significant barrier to achieving long-term health outcomes, particularly in resource-limited settings like Sri Lanka. Objective: This study aimed to identify the socio-demographic, clinical, and systemic factors contributing to default in neuro-rehabilitation programs at the Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children (LRH), Colombo. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 71 children with chronic neuro-disabilities who had defaulted from therapy services for over one year. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires covering socio-economic status, clinical condition, and perceived barriers to attendance. Results: Most children who defaulted had Cerebral Palsy (67.6%), out of which, 68% were mobility dependent. 56.6% of the children who defaulted were from rural areas of the country. The average distance to the clinic was 106 Km. Key reasons for default were multifactorial: 66.2% cited financial problems, 64.8% reported receiving inadequate information on the importance of therapy, and 60.6% turned to alternative or indigenous treatments. Systemic barriers included long waiting times (53.5%) and transport difficulties (47.9%). Interestingly, 84.5% of caregivers had never received a follow-up call after defaulting. 73% of participants highlighted the importance of awareness programmes regarding the disease condition for them. While 61% identified telehealth as an alternative, 59% highlighted the importance of local support groups. Conclusion: Default is driven by a lack of caregiver awareness and substantial socio-economic burdens. Improving retention requires decentralised care, enhanced caregiver counselling, and the integration of digital health solutions.
Choga Georginah C., Madzore Billiard Z, Mananga Bongani, Mashiri Tonderai, Ngwenya Laimon, Nyoni Clemencia E, Sengu James, Tawabarira Gerald.T, Usayi Rodney A, Vheremu Kumbirai G
Public order management remains a critical challenge for law enforcement agencies globally, particularly in urban centers experiencing rapid social, political, and economic changes. In Zimbabwe, the Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) faces increasing pressure to maintain peace and security amid complex socio-political dynamics. This study examines the factors influencing police effectiveness in managing public order situations in Harare, Zimbabwe's capital city. Understanding these determinants is essential for developing evidence-based strategies to enhance police capacity and improve public safety outcomes. The research was conducted against a backdrop of increasing public demonstrations, political tensions, and evolving security threats that have characterized Zimbabwe's urban landscape in recent years. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods research design was employed, combining qualitative insights with quantitative analysis. A sample of 85 participants was drawn from a population that included police officers, community leaders, legal experts, and citizens using purposive and cluster sampling techniques. Data collection triangulated multiple sources including focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, observations, and structured questionnaires. Thematic content analysis was applied to qualitative data, while the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for quantitative analysis. The study sought to identify and explore the influence of organizational, resource-based, training, legal-framework, and community-relations factors on police effectiveness in managing public order. Research findings revealed that factors such as police training quality (p = .031), availability of equipment and resources (p = .011), legal framework clarity (p = .019), and community trust (p = .013) had statistically significant positive effects on police effectiveness at a 5% level of significance or 95% confidence level. However, organizational leadership showed no significant association (p = .149) with immediate operational effectiveness. The study recommends comprehensive capacity building for police officers, investment in modern equipment, clarification of legal frameworks governing public order management, and strengthening community-police partnerships. These findings contribute to the broader discourse on law enforcement effectiveness in developing countries and provide actionable insights for policy makers.
Abdalrawf Mohammed Mohammed Noor Ali, Ismail Osman Ismail Abdelgadir, Mohamed Ikhlas Ardinata, Muhiadin Abdi Awl, Osaid N. A. Abdaljawwad, Salfarina Abdul Gapor
Electric bicycles have emerged as a promising sustainable mobility option capable of reducing emissions, alleviating traffic congestion, and promoting healthier transportation choices. However, purchase remains uneven among young adults, and the determinants influencing their purchase intentions are not well established. This study investigates regional differences and key predictors of electric bicycles purchase willingness among students in Malaysian private universities. Quantitative research design was employed using an online survey, comprising a pilot study (n = 10) and a main study (n = 162). Data analysis included reliability assessment, frequency distribution, and correlation testing. The findings reveal no significant regional variation in students’ willingness to purchase electric bicycles. Instead, purchase intentions were positively associated with familiarity with electric bicycles, knowledge of their benefits, affordability, and the availability of charging infrastructure. Demographic and social factors including gender, age, environmental concern, lifestyle, and peer influence did not exhibit significant relationships with purchase intention. These results underscore that practical and structural considerations, rather than demographic attributes, play a more decisive role in shaping students’ purchasing behaviour. The study highlights opportunities for Malaysian private universities to promote sustainable mobility by reducing cost barriers, enhancing infrastructure, and increasing awareness of electric bicycle’s functionality and maintenance. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and educational institutions seeking to advance sustainable transportation initiatives among young adult populations.
Abdulai Ismail
Information flow in an information age is essential for farmers’ access to best agriculture practices for enhanced productivity. Though, the extant literature has given attention to agriculture information services, not much studies have examined access by farmers in deprived contexts to agriculture information. This study contributes to such a discourse in an information and agriculture modernization age. A concurrent mixed method approach was adopted for the investigation in order to: a) assess the information needs, modes and sources, as well as challenges in accessing information by the wider farmer population, and b) uncover the underlying reasons behind the peculiar needs and challenges of farmers. Multistage sampling was used to select 395 respondents while probability and purposive sampling were employed to select 5-Farmer Based Organizations (FBOs) for the study. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to analyse the survey data while the qualitative data was used as triangulation and provided further insights into the results of the quantitative data. The findings show that farmers had a wide range of information needs including pest and disease management information, input dealer information, credit facility information, preservation and storage information, weather information and marketing of produce information. Key sources of information were researchers, non-governmental organizations and family and friends. Limited availability of information on; pest and disease management, prices of farm produce, and standard measurement for agriculture produce were identified as challenges by farmers in accessing agriculture information. The study concludes that famers’ need for information in an increasing climate variability and deployment of technology in agriculture context, is enormous. However, a multiplicity of factors including low literacy levels, limited access to radio and television affect famers’ access to timely and reliable agriculture information. The study recommends the pursuance of an aggressive rural development strategy with development of information infrastructure as the centre of the strategy to ensure farmers have access to up-to-date, timely and reliable information for informed decision making.
Helena Kahrbek Bachmann, Márcia Regina Bronnemann, Rafael José Bona
The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that influence clothing consumption among aging women, aged between 40 and 60 years, as well as to understand the profile of B1-class women in this age group within the fashion market, based on the reality of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The research also seeks to relate the aging process to elements that impact the clothing preferences and needs of these consumers, in addition to examining the role of media in shaping and influencing their choices. This is a qualitative, descriptive study. Thirteen interviews were conducted with B1-class women, aged 40 to 60, residing in Blumenau. The main results indicate that bodily and psychological changes associated with aging and menopause directly affect their clothing choices, with a preference for garments that, in addition to offering comfort and aesthetics, help conceal certain body areas. Although they value fashion as a tool for self-esteem and social inclusion, most report difficulties in finding products that fully meet their needs and desires. The participants also express dissatisfaction with the underrepresentation of their age group in the media, highlighting the need for a more inclusive and realistic approach in the fashion market.
Fahmi Samsudin, Liza Marziana Mohd Noh, Meor Hasmadi Meor Hamzah, Nadzri Mohd Sharif, Nor Fariza Baharuddin
This study investigates the implementation of a chilli fertigation system by a local entrepreneur in Melaka, contextualised within sustainable agriculture and rural entrepreneurship. A qualitative case study design utilising interviews, field observations, and production records was employed to document individual experiences and communal effects. The study used a comparative approach, assessing the outcomes of the UiTM-assisted entrepreneur in relation to four local farmers who independently implemented the same system. Research indicates that fertigation increased chilli yields by 30-40%, improved fruit consistency, and minimised input wastage through more efficient utilisation of water and fertilisers. The entrepreneur sponsored by UiTM and a comparable farmer (Azam) attained the best yields (13-14 tonnes/ha) and profitability (35-38%), facilitated by technical training and market access. Conversely, Andre and M. Asrol achieved diminished yields (10-11.5 tonnes/ha) and profitability (20-25%) attributable to equipment malfunctions, nutritional deficiencies, pest infestations, and dependence on local markets. The growth performance and pest management were more uniform in the UiTM-associated initiative, but independent adopters had inconsistent canopy development, postponed fruiting, and increased insect prevalence. The findings underscore the enhanced benefits of institutional collaboration, facilitating knowledge transfer, systematic oversight, and reinforced buyer connections. The study indicates that fertigation has significant potential to improve rural livelihoods and foster community-based economic growth; nevertheless, sustained adoption necessitates organised support structures that encompass technical assistance, financing, and guaranteed market access.
Chika P. Imoagwu, Clement S. Ezeanyeji, Grace Mba Olughu, Maria Chinecherem Uzonwanne, Rosemary C. Umeh
Economic growth, both local and global, is no longer regarded as a measure of a state or country's wealth, this is because economic growth is usually accompanied by inequality, poverty, and joblessness, which becomes a poor measure of a country’s wealth, hence the need for economic growth that is inclusive. This study examines the impact of financial inclusion on inclusive growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2024 using the Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag technique; the study utilized insurance and financial services, monetary sector credit to private sector and remittances as measures of financial inclusion while real GDP per capita captures inclusive growth. This study used time series data sourced from the Federal Reserve Economic Data, NBS, CBN database, and WDI with the new growth theory as its theoretical framework. The findings reveal that infrastructural investment and insurance financial services exhibited a significant relationship with RGDP per capita in both the long and short run terms. The long-term analysis established a significant positive relationship which posits that inclusive financial policies contribute positively to GDP per capita, albeit in the long run, while the short run was statistically insignificant, signifying that the immediate effects of financial inclusion might not be prominently observed in increasing GDP per capita. This study highlights potential nuances within the Nigerian economic landscape and suggests that despite the current lack of discernible effects on RGDP per capita in the short-run, financial inclusion initiatives could be instrumental in laying the groundwork for future economic stability at the long run, which will generate a more conducive environment for inclusive growth in Nigeria.
Arlyn P. Cailing, Dr. Amela Tadeo-Cayabyab
This study aimed to determine how high school students from private and public schools find positive growth amidst adversity. This also focused on the adversities encountered by the students and find the silver lining amidst adversities. It also determined how the students transform their experiences into opportunities for personal and academic growth. Using a case study approach, a multi-level interview guide was employed: structured questions ensured consistency across all seven participants, semi-structured probes allowed for follow-up and clarification, and unstructured prompts provided space for spontaneous narrative expression. The research focused on seven (7) participants, four (4) from public school and three (3) from private school who have experienced significant challenges in their academic and personal lives. These students were purposively selected to reflect a range of backgrounds and experiences. Based on the findings, adversity emerged as a powerful catalyst for both personal and academic growth, compelling individuals to adapt and persevere in the face of difficult circumstances. The students demonstrated emotional resilience, which was nurtured through faith, self-reflection, and the support of meaningful relationships. The presence of mentors and positive role models played a critical role in helping students navigate trauma and remain motivated. Furthermore, participants exhibited significant personal transformation, characterized by increased responsibility, enhanced empathy, and a deeper sense of purpose. The study concluded that high school students faced numerous challenges, such as family loss, abandonment, financial problems, bullying, and academic pressure. Despite these difficulties, they showed resilience by finding support from family, friends, teachers, and personal interests like music and sports. These coping strategies turned their struggles into opportunities for growth, making them more independent, empathetic, and motivated to succeed. Their stories highlight the need for educators and policymakers to create supportive environments that nurture resilience and help students turn adversity into achievement.
Ling Song Jing, Regina Garai, Zamri Hassan
Foodborne diseases account for millions of deaths globally. Key factors contributing to these illnesses, as well as the high incidence of food poisoning among students, include improper methods of food preparation, unhealthy lifestyles, poor sanitation, and unsafe water resources. Moreover, poor food-handling practices for food handlers, combined with insufficient food hygiene knowledge among both handlers and students, significantly increase the risk of food poisoning in school environments. This paper discusses the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding food hygiene among food handlers and students, based on findings from a quantitative study employing a non-probability quota sampling method. The sample comprised 487 students and 23 canteen food handlers drawn from eight selected schools (five primary schools and three secondary schools) in Betong, Sarawak, Malaysia. These schools were selected due to their high incidences of food poisoning. Findings indicated that the food handlers demonstrated poor personal hygiene practices, including improper handwashing technique and limited knowledge about the correct steps needed for effective handwashing. In addition, the food safety conditions associated with the canteen environment were found to be statistically significant, and differences in food hygiene knowledge were observed between male and female food handlers. Furthermore, students demonstrated low awareness of cross-contamination risks, particularly regarding the inappropriate use of the same towel for wiping hands and plates. Overall, this research provides valuable insights and highlights the need for behavioural changes that could inform national health policy revisions, particularly in the area of food safety and regulations for preventing food poisoning.
Erwin Rezasyah, Linda Abd. Hamid, Natrina Mariane P. Toyong
This study explores how environmental education and public engagement foster civic responsibility and influence littering behaviour in Malaysia. Using a mixed-methods approach combining surveys (n = 43) and observations, findings show moderate awareness but limited understanding of long-term ecological impacts. Social media, formal education, and gamified learning emerged as complementary tools for promoting civic-minded behaviour. Integrating educational, behavioural, and design perspectives, the study contributes to Design for Behaviour Change (DfBC) and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), highlighting the value of multi-platform environmental education and community participation in creating cleaner, more sustainable urban environments.
Mohd Kipli Abdul Rahman, Nor Shuradi Nor Hashim
This article underscores the critical need to enhance Emotional Intelligence (EQ) in teacher training, especially in the post-pandemic landscape, which demands that prospective teacher’s trainee possess greater emotional and social stability. It focuses on the use of Theatre in Education (TDP) as an experiential intervention that fosters emotional and social guidance, enabling participants to explore their emotions, cultivate empathy, and enhance social interactions through structured dramatic activities. To ensure the safe and effective implementation of TDP, this study incorporates the Ansur Maju (AM) method. This step-by-step framework organizes exercises from simple to complex, gradually building participants' confidence while alleviating social anxiety. The study sets forth two primary objectives: first, to develop and implement an AM-based TDP module tailored for student teacher training; and second, to assess how participants’ experiences during the intervention reflect the development of EQ in line with Goleman’s theoretical framework five dimensions: self-awareness, emotional management, self-motivation, empathy, and social skills. The findings reveal that participants demonstrated notable improvements in self-awareness and emotional management through reflective practices, interview responses, and activity observations. Furthermore, they enhanced their empathy and social skills through collaborative group work and role-playing exercises. The implication of this research is that TDP, when implemented through the Ansur Maju method, offers a practical and structured approach within teacher education curricula. This method has the potential to holistically cultivate EQ, mitigate emotional stress during training, and facilitate the application of emotional skills in real classroom settings.
Mr. Adnane GUETARNI
The ISO/IEC 17020 standard requires accredited inspection bodies (IBs) to conduct management reviews as part of their quality management system (clause 8.5). However, while much research has focused on surveillance (Article 2) and internal audit (Article 4), the management review remains the least explored stage of the continuous improvement cycle. This article addresses the following question : How does the management review transform audit results and surveillance data into strategic decisions that ensure the sustainability of accreditation ?
KABIR, Fatima Shehu (PhD)
Digital pedagogy has transformed the theoretical framework of technologies-enhanced learning, such as e-learning, blended learning, and distance education, that has grown rapidly. The development of learning theories since the time of behaviourism and cognitivism through constructivism, social constructivism and connectivism, as well as the analysis of modern theoretical frameworks like Activity Theory, Learning Analytics, TPACK, SAMR and rhizomatic/networked learning, are presented in this study. This paper presents empirical findings and a literature review done within the last ten years; therefore, drawing on these findings, this paper argues that technology-enhanced learning can be effectively done based on a multi-theoretical and integrated approach that can co-align pedagogical goals with digital opportunities and socio-cultural backgrounds. The examples are illustrative of how hybrid theoretical frameworks can be used to design courses, create assessment plans, and community-building in online and blended classes. Two conceptual maps: a historical roadmap and a synthesized theoretical map are provided to help educators and researchers in knowing how the traditional theories and the contemporary frameworks correlate with each other. The paper ends with the further research directions, such as the synthesis of the theory, cross-disciplinary discovery, and implications of the emerging technological tools, which are artificial intelligence and immersive learning environments, to the pedagogical process.
Nooramira Ghazali, Nurul Farhana Azmi, Nurul Najibah Zainal, Siti Aisyah Sabri, Wan Mohd Khairul Firdaus Wan Khairuldin
Productive zakat has become a prominent instrument in Malaysia’s zakat administration for supporting livelihood empowerment among eligible recipients through an asnafpreneur pathway. Yet existing accounts frequently catalogue program inputs while under-specifying the process that connects assistance to sustained enterprise continuity and measurable empowerment. This paper strengthens conceptual clarity by operationalising asnaf development as an evaluative trajectory that integrates three elements often treated separately: the juristic requirement of tamlīk as an ownership-transfer anchor, governance safeguards that protect fairness and public trust, and outcome indicators of tamkīn that extend beyond short-term income. Using qualitative legal research, the study applies descriptive, analytical, critical, and comparative methods to Malaysia’s state-level enactments and institutional instruments, including regulations, fatwas, program guidelines, and official reports, interpreted through maqasid al-shariah, Islamic economic governance, and socio-cultural considerations grounded in ʿurf. The findings indicate that Malaysia has embedded productive interventions such as capital or asset provision, training, mentoring, and market facilitation, but implementation is constrained by cross-state fragmentation, uneven tamlīk documentation, limited enforceability, and monitoring that prioritises activities over outcomes. The paper proposes harmonised evaluative baselines for selection integrity, ownership-transfer documentation, accountability and grievance mechanisms, and developmental monitoring aligned with measurable indicators of resilience, debt reduction, household stability, ethical business conduct, and enterprise continuity. These refinements strengthen scholarly contribution and policy evaluability for productive zakat design, oversight, and reform.
Dr. Madonna P. Melchor, Kristene Jey Fallaria, Laiza S. Relox, Liezel P. Sapungan, Zarah A. Cruzado
This study examines gender equality practices in the hospitality industry in Southern Oriental Mindoro, Philippines, with a particular focus on how gender biases influence recruitment, task allocation, career advancement, and employee satisfaction. Despite substantial advancements in gender equality both globally and nationally, gendered divisions of labor persist in the hospitality sector, where women and LGBTQ+ employees are often relegated to lower-paying, customer-facing roles, while men dominate managerial positions. This study uses descriptive and statistical analyses to assess the demographic profile of employees and the prevalence of gender biases in various organizational processes. Results indicate that traditional gender roles continue to shape job assignments, limiting opportunities for women and LGBTQ+ individuals to advance to leadership roles. The findings align with global and local studies that highlight the persistence of gender inequality in recruitment practices, career progression, and task allocation. Recommendations for addressing these biases include implementing gender-neutral recruitment practices, promoting competence-based promotions, and providing inclusive training programs. The study contributes to understanding how organizational cultures, HRM practices, and institutional policies can be modified to create more equitable and inclusive work environments in the hospitality industry.
Rufino M. Lorejo, Samuel J. Gulayan
From once bountiful seawaters to a condition of excessive marine resource depletion, this qualitative study sought to document the lived experiences and insights of fisher-respondents from six islands in Bohol. The participants, who have resided in the islands for at least 50–60 years, were purposively selected due to their extensive knowledge and long-term experience with local marine ecosystems. The study focused on three key areas: (1) the condition of coral reefs and reef fishes, (2) fish catches per fishing effort, and (3) the current issues and challenges related to marine resource conservation and management. All the twelve (100%) fisher-respondents reported that coral reefs in the six islands are now severely damaged, with only a few reef fishes observed in reef areas. Ten (83.33%) respondents further noted that fish catches have declined significantly, from more than 10 kilograms per fishing effort in the past to only 2–3 kilograms at present. Illegal fishing and other destructive practices were identified as major concerns, alongside pollution and improper waste disposal linked to poorly managed tourism activities. In response to these issues, it is recommended that local government units (LGUs) across the six islands strengthen their law enforcement mechanisms through adequate budget allocation and enhanced implementation of conservation programs. Additionally, greater community involvement is essential, with all sectors encouraged to actively participate in monitoring, awareness campaigns, and collaborative efforts to support both local and national initiatives for marine resource conservation and sustainable management.
Conrad Chibango, Edson Muresherwa
This article argues for research that explores the possibilities for and constraints to leveraging specific Christian traditions to promote Christian unity and mission. It uses insights from a larger qualitative study that used case studies from the Churches of Christ in Zimbabwe to present a case for researchers in the area of religious studies and of theology to focus their studies on how the various churches in the Christian landscape may leverage their respective traditions to promote Christian unity and therefore mission. Christian unity is viewed in this article to be a precursor for peace, love and common witness internationally, as envisioned by Apostle Paul who said in Galatians 3 verse 28: “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are one in Christ Jesus” (RSV). This article provides answers to the central question: How can an investment in research that focus on leveraging specific theologies to promote Christian unity be justified? The article thus highlights the importance for researchers to explore the possibilities for and constraints to leveraging any specific Christian tradition to promote Christian unity and therefore the missio Dei. It challenges researchers and Christian believers across the globe to reimagine Christian tradition and remodel ecclesiastic practices towards the original mission of God, that is, to redeem mankind from slavery to sin. In so doing, it motivates researchers to replicate the original research on restoration theology and the Churches of Christ in Zimbabwe, with other Christian traditions, with the aim of establishing the basis for Christian unity and therefore common witness. The central thesis in this article is that, during this era of emerging ecumenical Christianity, unity among Christians, as enunciated in Jesus’ high priestly prayer (John 17: 18 - 21), should be the focus for any progressive Christian movement, as opposed to negative energy focused on fellow Christians. This study thus argues that research seeking to understand the possibilities to and constraints for leveraging any specific theological traditions to promote Christian unity and therefore mission is a worthwhile endeavour.
Jimmy Kenneth Opoka
This study examines the transformation of bride-price practices among the Acholi of northern Uganda through primary qualitative data drawn from interviews and focus group discussions with Generation Z participants born 1997–2012 (N=33). The paper, anchored in Feminist Political Economy and Cultural Modernization Theory, analyzes the direct voices of young Acholi men and women on economic change, education, gender consciousness, and digital discourse, which are reshaping customary marriage. Findings indicate that while Gen Z remains strongly attached to Acholi cultural identity, there is a growing reformist movement, especially among young women, challenging inflated monetary demands and transactional interpretations of bride-price. The study contributes to debates on customary law reform, gender justice, and intergenerational cultural negotiation in contemporary Uganda.
Eliona NAQO
In recent years, the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has shifted from fixed e-learning environments to mobile learning (m-learning), characterized by ubiquitous access through smartphones and tablets. This study is explicitly framed within mobile learning theory and digital pedagogy, exploring how mobile devices transform the Italian language learning process from a classroom-bound activity to a contextualized, informal experience. Despite the pervasive presence of mobile devices in higher education, their potential as resources for generating and producing knowledge often remains underutilized in Italian as a Foreign Language (FL) instruction. This paper examines students' actual use of Italian cultural applications, analyzing them not merely as recreational tools but as integral components of a digital pedagogical framework. Specifically, we will present the results of a survey conducted in Faculty of Humanities, at Department of Foreign Languages, University Ismail Qemali of Vlora,in Albania, in order to analyze the actual use that learners of Italian FL, make of their mobile device as an opportunity for linguistic and cultural deepening in an informal context, to evaluate the use, appreciation, and pedagogical potential of these apps. The study employs inferential statistics, including Chi-square tests, to examine relationships between app usage, age, and language proficiency, while also reporting reliability measures (Cronbach’s alpha) for the research instrument.
Antonio Clareti Pereira
Aluminum beverage cans are among the most successful examples of metal recycling in a circular economy, with global collection rates exceeding 70% and surpassing 95% in some regions. However, the pathway from post-consumer collection to remelting is technically complex, involving cumulative material losses, energy penalties, and quality constraints often overlooked in simplified sustainability narratives. This critical review examines the entire recycling chain of used beverage cans (UBCs), including collection systems and reverse logistics, sorting and physical preparation, decoating technologies, melting furnace configurations, dross formation, alloy control, and environmental performance. Emphasis is placed on the metallurgical and thermodynamic mechanisms governing oxidation losses, coating removal efficiency, impurity accumulation, and metal yield during remelting in reverberatory, rotary, and induction furnaces. The influence of contamination, scrap variability, furnace atmosphere, and operational practices on energy consumption, emissions, and final alloy quality is systematically assessed, along with the limitations of life-cycle assessment (LCA) data and of industrial transparency. Although aluminum can recycling is often described as nearly lossless and infinitely recyclable, industrial evidence indicates measurable yield losses, alloy downgrading risks, and process-related emissions that challenge the idealized closed-loop paradigm. Emerging solutions—including advanced sensor-based sorting, controlled-atmosphere melting, digital process optimization, and improved dross valorization routes—are discussed as pathways to enhance material efficiency and reduce environmental impact. The review identifies key technological bottlenecks and research gaps necessary to improve the metallurgical robustness and sustainability performance of aluminum can recycling systems.
Adeel Ahmed Qureshi, Aftab Ahmed Laghari, Md Shafiqul Islam, Qamarnisa Leghari, Rifat Mia
The Bangladesh-China economic relationship has attained a dynamic status whereby both parties have become involved in a classical donor-reward dynamic and an elaborate partnership of strategy and perfect financing. This is an exploratory study whereby the development of partnership evolution as it was in the period between 2005 and 2026 is critically analyzed. The chapter highlighted the ongoing economic development growth of Bangladesh and China's presence as a global economic powerhouse, driven by initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The study used a qualitative research methodology, which involved content analysis of policy documents, trade data, trade MOUs, and elite interviews; the paper discusses the forces, aspects, and issues of this bilateral connectivity. The results show that China is generally considered the largest trading partner and a significant source of foreign direct investment (FDI). In addition, it is the foremost supplier of military and critical infrastructure for Bangladesh. The mega projects like the Padma Bridge Rail Link, the Karnaphuli River Tunnel, and numerous power plant and seaport modernizations highlighted strong strategic developmental cooperation that basically plays a dynamic role in the South Asian economy. Though the cooperation between Bangladesh and China has also highlighted some key challenges, including concern of trade deficit for Bangladesh and debt sustainability linked to Chinese concessional loans, in addition, it also talks about the impact in the long run on Bangladeshi local industries and strategic autonomy within the intensifying US-China rivalry in the Indo-Pacific as well as the China-India rivalry in South Asia. Based on theoretical and strategic analysis, this study argues that while the Bangladesh-China relationship creates great development opportunities, in addition, likewise, it creates disproportionate dependence on each other, which creates certain risks. The research suggested that by reducing risk, such as concern about debt traps, and ensuring trade balance by increasing the export ratio, Bangladesh can utilize the advantage of its trade relationship with China. Finally, this paper has put forward policy recommendations to be implemented in Bangladesh, which can be very effective in seeing this partnership achieve sustainable growth while preserving its economic sovereignty and balancing foreign policy. This study added a meaningful contribution to the literature on South Asian political economy and small-state agency in international business and unveiled the dynamics of China-based economic diplomacy in South Asia.
Mbwoge Divine Ngome
This study employs a comparative historiographical methodology to examine the transformation of Christian missionary engagement with socioeconomic development from the nineteenth century to the present. Comparing missionary enterprises in America, Africa, and Asia with selected contemporary church movements, it analyzes shifts in theological vision, institutional practice, and economic orientation. While acknowledging the colonial entanglements and moral ambiguities of nineteenth-century missions, the study argues that many functioned as proto-development actors by integrating evangelization with education, agriculture, healthcare, and institution-building. Engaging major historiographical debates, it situates missionary activity within complex imperial, cultural, and political contexts.
Mohd. Fauzi Abdul Hamid, Noor Eliza Abdul Rahman, Nor Fadihlah Ghaza, Nurul Najibah Zainal
Arabic–Malay translation of figurative language presents persistent challenges due to differences in rhetorical conventions, cultural imagery, and semantic structures. While existing studies emphasise figurative competence and cultural adaptation, they rarely specify how figurative meaning is systematically transformed into target-language representation. Addressing this gap, the present study proposes a process-oriented analytical framework that explicates the decision pathways linking figurative interpretation to translation strategy selection. The study examines the interpretive characteristics of tashbih, istiʿarah, and kinayah, identifies evaluative criteria guiding translation decisions, and clarifies the role of Arabic rhetorical analysis in shaping target-language outcomes. The study adopts an explanatory, library-based approach. Data were collected through structured literature searches and purposive selection of authoritative sources, including classical and contemporary balaghah texts, Arabic–Malay translation studies, linguistic theory, translation models, and peer-reviewed publications indexed in major databases. Analysis was conducted through thematic synthesis, comparative rhetorical analysis, and theory-informed interpretation guided by functionalist translation perspectives and semantic equivalence frameworks. Particular attention was given to mapping Arabic figurative structures to Malay target-language realisations in order to identify recurring analytical procedures and strategy patterns.The findings indicate that effective figurative translation is shaped by structured interpretive processes rather than intuitive lexical substitution. Translation decisions are guided by three evaluative criteria: cultural transferability of figurative imagery, preservation of rhetorical function, and target-language acceptability. These criteria inform strategic choices such as sense-based rendering, metaphor modulation, paraphrase, and controlled explicitation. While such strategies support the transfer of figurative intent, challenges remain in handling culture-bound imagery, maintaining stylistic force, and ensuring consistent application of translation procedures. From an Arabic rhetorical perspective, figurative expressions may be considered transferable provided their communicative purpose and semantic coherence are preserved in the target language. The study therefore positions the integration of rhetorical analysis with structured translation procedures as a conceptual model for analysing figurative transfer rather than a prescriptive solution. Its contribution is primarily methodological, offering an analytical framework that clarifies translator decision-making and provides a basis for further empirical investigation into Arabic–Malay figurative translation.
Chimaroke Mgba, Matthew D. Ogali, Preye Rachael Hamilton
This study examined how the contemporary rise of populism reshaped international development cooperation by reorienting state behaviour from multilateral, rule-based global governance toward sovereignty-centred and national-interest–driven engagement. Using the United States of America and Nigeria as comparative cases, the study conceptualized populism as a thin-centred ideology grounded in anti-elitism, moralized constructions of “the people,” and claims to restore popular sovereignty, and explored how these ideas extended beyond domestic politics into foreign and development policy. Drawing on a qualitative, literature-based comparative design, the study synthesized theoretical and empirical scholarship on populism, global governance, and development cooperation, alongside policy analyses of aid, trade, climate governance, and regional integration. The findings showed that in both countries populist discourse delegitimized multilateral institutions by portraying them as elite-driven constraints on national autonomy, thereby encouraging selective compliance, transactional diplomacy, and a preference for bilateral or executive-centred arrangements. In the United States of America, populist nationalism contributed to reduced commitment to multilateral agreements and institutions, the politicization of development assistance, and the reframing of trade and climate cooperation in security and competitiveness terms, with systemic implications for the legitimacy and capacity of global development regimes. In Nigeria, populism was intertwined with post-colonial era and sovereignty-centred narratives that generated ambivalence toward external conditionality and regional integration, leading to selective engagement with and occasional defiance of Economic Community of West African States and African Continental Free Trade Area commitments, thereby disrupting African-led development frameworks. The comparative analysis further demonstrated that structural position in the international system mediated the scale and reach of populism’s effects: while a global power reshaped international norms and institutional authority, a regional power primarily influenced sub-regional and continental governance. The study concluded that populism did not eliminate international development cooperation but reconfigured it toward a more fragmented, interest-driven, and politically instrumental form, posing significant challenges to the sustainability, predictability, and legitimacy of collective action in global and regional development governance.
Mas Ayu Zainal @ Ismail, Normaziana Hassan
The global fashion industry generates substantial environmental pressures through rapid production cycles, excessive consumption, and escalating textile waste. Despite growing consumer awareness of sustainability issues, a persistent intention behaviour gap continues to limit the adoption of responsible fashion practices. Existing research has largely focused on cognitive determinants of purchase intention, providing limited insight into the mechanisms that translate sustainability intentions into consistent behaviour. This study develops a conceptual framework that positions consumer identity as a central mediator in sustainable fashion behaviour. Adopting a theory driven conceptual research design, the paper integrates the Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour, Identity Based Motivation, and Innovation Resistance Theory to explain how sustainability intentions evolve into long term behavioural transformation. The framework proposes that while environmental awareness and social influence may initiate sustainable intentions, behavioural change is more likely when sustainability becomes aligned with an individual’s green self identity. In addition, sensory product experiences and behavioural nudges are identified as enabling mechanisms that can reduce structural barriers such as price sensitivity and habitual fast fashion consumption. Theoretically, this study extends current understanding of the intention behaviour gap by integrating identity based psychological mechanisms with structural and experiential determinants of fashion consumption. Practically, the framework offers insights for policymakers and fashion retailers seeking to promote circular consumption practices in emerging economies. In the Malaysian context, where approximately two million kilograms of textile waste are generated daily, aligning sustainable apparel with consumer identity may play a critical role in advancing national circular economy initiatives such as the Circular Economy Blueprint for Solid Waste 2025–2035.
Flory Ann Mansor Gingging, Lu Liang
Chinese opera studies have long been shaped by analytical frameworks derived from major, institutionalized genres, resulting in the systematic marginalization of the numerous localized operatic traditions commonly referred to as small-scale folk opera. Despite constituting most of China’s operatic landscape and sustaining everyday cultural life in rural and peripheral communities, these forms remain under-theorized and inconsistently classified across disciplines. Existing research on localized opera and folk performance is extensive but fragmented, distributed across ethnomusicology, anthropology, education, heritage studies, and digital humanities, with limited conceptual integration. This article addresses this gap by advancing an interdisciplinary reconceptualization of Chinese small-scale folk opera as an operatic ecology rather than a residual or subordinate category of “non-major” opera. Drawing on empirical studies and theoretical scholarship across ethnomusicology, anthropology, education, heritage studies, and digital humanities, the study synthesizes three analytically stable dimensions: performance scale, institutional embedding, and functional context, to establish a coherent framework capable of integrating diverse localized traditions without erasing regional specificity. By reframing small-scale folk opera as a relational cultural system defined by its modes of production, transmission, and social embeddedness, the article clarifies persistent empirical problems identified in the literature, including transmission failure, ineffective preservation strategies, and the limitations of technologically driven dissemination. The proposed framework contributes a shared conceptual vocabulary for interdisciplinary research and provides a theoretical foundation for context-sensitive approaches to education, heritage policy, and digital intervention aligned with lived performance practice. This reconceptualization positions small-scale folk opera not as marginal, but as analytically central to understanding the diversity and sustainability of Chinese operatic traditions.
Erni Febrina Harahap, Rika Desiyanti, Riri Lovita
Persistent workload pressure in public healthcare institutions raises concerns about declining job satisfaction, particularly when excessive job demands disrupt the balance between professional and personal roles. This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of work overload on job satisfaction through the mediating mechanisms of work-life conflict among nurses at RSUD Dr. Muhammad Zein Painan, a regional public hospital in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Grounded in the Job Demands-Resources theory, work-life conflict is conceptualized as a reflective-reflective second-order construct comprising Work Interference with Life (WIL) and Life Interference with Work (LIW). A quantitative explanatory design was employed using purposive sampling, involving 158 nurses assigned to inpatient wards and the emergency department. Data were collected through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with the Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach. The findings indicate that work overload exerts a negative and significant direct effect on job satisfaction and positively influences both WIL and LIW, suggesting intensified bidirectional role interference. However, only LIW demonstrates a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction, whereas WIL does not show a significant direct relationship. Mediation analysis reveals that LIW provides complementary mediation in the relationship between work overload and job satisfaction, while WIL exhibits direct-only non-mediation. Higher-order construct evaluation confirms that both dimensions significantly form work-life conflict, with LIW showing a slightly stronger contribution. These results demonstrate an asymmetric transmission mechanism in which reverse role interference plays a more critical role in translating workload pressure into reduced job satisfaction. The study refines demand-based explanations of employee attitudes in public healthcare contexts and emphasizes the strategic importance of workload management and institutional support systems in sustaining nurses’ job satisfaction.
Arina Kamarudin, Irma Kamarudin, Mohd Zulhelmey Abdullah, Nur Irinah Mohamad Sirat, Nurul Mazrah Manshor, Salmah Roslim, Siti Khadijah Abdullah Sanek, Syatirah Abu Bakar
Child neglect continues to be one of the most prevalent yet intricate forms of child maltreatment, prompting fundamental enquiries regarding the appropriate role of criminal law in child protection systems. This paper conducts a doctrinal comparative analysis of the criminal responses to child neglect in Malaysia and England and Wales, investigating whether recent legislative developments indicate a transition from welfare-oriented intervention to punitive enforcement. The study examines the definition of neglect, the construction of criminal liability, and the positioning of penal sanctions within the broader child protection framework of each jurisdiction, utilising statutory provisions, judicial decisions, and safeguarding guidance published between 2020 and 2025. Despite the shared common law foundations, the results indicate a divergence in normative emphasis. In Malaysia, the law, especially the Child Act 2001, includes criminalisation in the formal definition of neglect, making punishment an essential mechanism to hold people accountable. Reinforcing prosecutorial authority, judicial interpretation reflects relatively broad thresholds based on exposure to injury. In England and Wales, on the other hand, neglect is typically seen as part of a welfare-based safeguarding system that puts the child's welfare first. Criminal responsibility functions as a residual mechanism, generally applied to circumstances characterised by wilfulness or substantial injury. The comparative analysis shows that the shift "from welfare to punishment" is neither uniform or absolute, but is instead a result of constant adjustments made in response to child rights discussions, public accountability concerns, and broader trends in penal policy. The paper says that criminal remedies are only valid and useful if there are clear limits, principled prosecutorial discretion, and strong welfare systems that work together with them. In the end, combining accountability with child-centred protection is still the most important thing for making sense of modern child neglect law.
Adeleye J. Adedamola, Ayinde B. Oyeniran, Ebisin, A. Foluso, Esther O. Peter, Famuyide J. Alaba, Olasunkanmi A. Gbeleyi, Olugbenga G. Akindoju
With the digital revolution reshaping education globally, computer science education in Nigeria stands at the forefront of this transformation. This study explores innovative teaching and learning methods that leverage emerging technologies to foster creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving among learners. Specifically, it examines the integration of artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, gamified classrooms, and adaptive learning systems within Nigerian computer science education. Employing a mixed method approach, the research combined conceptual analysis with empirical evidence drawn from both Nigerian and international contexts. The reliability of the instrument used was confirmed with a satisfactory reading of 0.72, making it suitable for educational research. Findings reveal that artificial intelligence and virtual reality are widely embraced by learners and instructors, while gamification and collaborative platforms remain underutilized due to infrastructural and cultural barriers. Respondents identified poor internet connectivity, high costs of digital tools, and limited digital skills among educators as the most pressing challenges. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge by highlighting the realities of technology adoption in Nigerian higher education and emphasizing the importance of learner-centered pedagogy, digital literacy frameworks, and inclusive practices to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Practical recommendations include promoting lifelong learning among professionals, strengthening institutional governance, and investing in affordable digital infrastructure to ensure equitable access. Ultimately, the findings point toward a redesign of computer science education in Nigeria, driven by innovation, inclusivity, and lifelong learning in the digital era.
Aldrian B. Pacio, Clij Wrangel Q. Osben, Dhevy Rose E. Silam, Lorie Fe L. Pablo, Wilbert B. Wanas
Women’s participation in small scale mining remains understudied, particularly within informal and regulated restricted contexts where labor is precarious and institutional protection is limited. This study explored the gender dynamics of informal small-scale mining by examining the lived experiences of women engaged in mining work. Guided by a qualitative phenomenological research design, the study focused on how women understand and navigate their roles, workplace conditions, access to resources, economic contribution, and coping practices within an informal mining setting.
Dr Mary Thomas K, Reshma V
Gender inequality in India remains a persistent challenge, manifesting across economic, social, cultural, and political spheres, with significant regional disparities. While India ranks 128 out of 189 countries on the Gender Inequality Index (GII), states like Kerala present a complex paradox, excelling in social development indicators yet facing entrenched gendered inequalities in economic participation. Gender inequality is not just a social issue, it has profound economic, health, and developmental consequences. Studying gender inequality is essential for understanding and addressing one of the most pervasive forms of human inequality, which affects rights across all societies. This study conducts a comparative analysis of gendered time inequality—the unequal distribution of time spent on unpaid care work, paid employment, education, and leisure—between India as a whole and the state of Kerala. Despite Kerala’s high female literacy rates, favourable sex ratios, and robust social welfare systems, women continue to bear a disproportionate burden of unpaid domestic and care work, limiting their labour force participation and economic independence. This shows a time inequality. This article examines the persistence of the rigid gender roles, exploring the concept of "time poverty" and the double burden faced by women in both the national and regional contexts. The study reveals that there exists a gap in gendered time allocation.
S. Athirathan, V. Logaprasath
This descriptive survey study aimed to study the influence of gender in motivation and learning achievement among senior secondary students. 360 students from Grades 10 and 11 were selected by stratified random sampling from Tamil Medium schools in Colombo educational zone with equal number of male and female participants. 24 class teachers, 72 parents, and 12 principals were also included in this study. Validated adapted Academic Motivation Scale was used to assess the motivation and average examination marks from recent common examination were used to assess the learning achievement. Female students showed higher learning achievement than male students (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was noted in intrinsic motivation, overall extrinsic motivation, identified extrinsic motivation and introjected extrinsic motivation between boys and girls (p>0.05). However external regulation extrinsic motivation was significantly higher in females than males (p=0.023). Female students showed statistically significant higher levels of extrinsic motivation than intrinsic motivation (p = 0.009). No significant difference between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation among male students (p = 0.457). Motivation of students was identified as a strong predictor of learning achievement in regression analysis (p < 0.001). Gender influence on the relationship between motivation and learning achievement was confirmed by moderation analysis using the PROCESS macro with HC3 robust standard errors (p < 0.01). Simple slope analysis showed that moderator effect of gender on relationship between motivation and learning achievement is stronger for females than males (p< 0.001). This study revealed the gender influence in motivation and its effect on learning achievement. Gender sensitive educational practices would help students improve their motivation and learning achievement. Strategies should also focus on improving intrinsic motivation and internalization among female students.
Dr. Teresa G. Llena-Birol
Gender, as a social construct, shapes patterns of interaction, identity formation, and power relations within society. It influences how individuals perceive themselves and others, and how opportunities and expectations are distributed across social groups. In many societies, long-standing patriarchal structures have historically privileged men while disadvantaging women, resulting in persistent gender inequalities embedded within social, political, and educational institutions. Although significant progress has been made toward gender equity, disparities continue to manifest in subtle and overt forms, particularly within educational settings.
Ara Joyce A. Ansao, Chester N. Carin, Dr. Nancy E. Aranjuez, Marizzelle J. Libre, Moses Emmanuel Lubaton, Wendell B. Alampas
Gender-based street harassment remains a pervasive issue that threatens women’s safety, dignity, and psychosocial well-being, particularly in public spaces where gendered power relations are often normalized. This study examined the relationship between gender-based street and public space experiences and women’s psychosocial well-being among female criminology students at Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian City, Philippines. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 215 third-year female criminology students through a structured questionnaire measuring experiences of catcalling, wolf-whistling, and unwanted invitations, as well as emotional, social, and psychological well-being. Statistical analyses included frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Kendall’s tau-B correlation coefficient. Findings revealed that gender-based street harassment was experienced at a moderate level, with unwanted invitations having the highest prevalence (WM = 3.2), followed by catcalling (WM = 3.1) and wolf-whistling (WM = 3.0). Meanwhile, respondents reported high levels of psychosocial well-being overall (WM = 3.6), although exposure to harassment remained a concern. Correlation analysis showed a statistically significant but weak positive relationship between gender-based street harassment and psychosocial well-being (τ = 0.166, p = 0.000), indicating that increased exposure to harassment was significantly associated with psychosocial outcomes. The findings highlight the persistent presence of gender-based harassment and its measurable psychosocial implications. The study underscores the need for strengthened institutional interventions, gender-sensitive policies, and educational programs to promote safer public spaces and protect women’s psychosocial well-being.
Andrianjato Tartin, Fatiany Pierre Ruphin, Hanitriniaina Elis Karena, Ralaivaondratsitonta Jumael Edith Fabrice, Rasolofonirina Hubert Xavier
Objective : This article examines the links between gender, community-based environmental education, and sustainable development through a concrete case study in a rural community in Madagascar. It focuses on the role and participation of women, building on the work of Mukoni (2015), Momsen (2004, 2007), and Dankelman (2002, 2012). Method : The study is based on qualitative field research conducted with 150 participants across ten rural localities in Madagascar. Data were collected through 120 semi-structured interviews with rural women, ten focus group discussions, and field observations. The analysis draws on the theoretical framework of feminist political ecology and the Gender and Development (GAD) approach. Results : The findings show that, in line with observations by Kraub (2011) and UNEP (2008), women play a central role in the daily management of natural resources and food security, yet remain marginalized in formal community-based environmental education initiatives. However, when women are genuinely included, environmental education strengthens their adaptive capacities in the face of environmental change (Sen, cited in Elliot, 2007), enhances the recognition of women’s local knowledge, and improves community practices for the sustainable management of natural resources. Conclusion : The article concludes that sustainable development in rural Malagasy communities cannot be achieved without meaningful consideration of gender and the active participation of women in community-based environmental education. In line with Agenda 21 (UNEP, 1992) and UNESCO guidelines (2004), it recommends the implementation of gender-sensitive programs aimed at reducing inequalities in access to information, resources, and decision-making.
Ms. Rebecca Saar Erdoo
Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) remains a critical yet under-addressed public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries, particularly among adolescent girls in rural settings. Inadequate access to affordable menstrual products, limited menstrual health education, persistent stigma, and unsafe disposal practices expose girls to preventable health risks, environmental hazards, and social exclusion. This article presents a mid-term impact case study of the GiveHerOne Pad project, a community-based preventive health intervention implemented in Gboko between August 2025 and April 2026. Anchored in the principles of community health and preventive medicine, the project integrates menstrual health education, skills development in reusable pad production, environmental sustainability, and community-led menstrual waste management systems.
Mohamat Najib bin Mat Noor
This research explores the reinterpretation of Islamic geometric patterns within contemporary global design practices and the impact of cultural appropriation, design hybridity, and ethical engagement on creative products. The research analyzes interdisciplinary research from design studies, cultural theory, and visual culture research by using a conceptual qualitative approach based on systematic literature synthesis. The result of this research indicates that reinterpretation acts as a process of cultural negotiation influenced by globalization and technological innovation. Ethical engagement appears to be a critical factor distinguishing respectful hybridity from superficial appropriation. The researcher of this study proposes a conceptual framework combining cultural responsibility with creative innovation and highlights implications for designers, educators, and policymakers operating within globalized creative industries. In a nutshell, this research contributes to expanding discussions on ethical design practices and sustainable cultural heritage management.
Abidemi Omotayo OLADEJI, Akinlolu Edward YUSUFF, Folasade Serifat AKINOLA-OJEDOKUN
This paper presents a critical narrative review of the complex relationship between globalization and the internationalization of higher education, with particular reference to the Nigerian context. Globalization denotes the macro-level integration of economies, cultures, and knowledge systems, while internationalization refers to the institutional strategies through which universities engage with the world via mobility programs, transnational partnerships, curriculum reform, and digital platforms. Drawing on peer-reviewed scholarship, policy documents, and position statements published between 2021 and 2025, this review critically examines the principal drivers of internationalization—economic, political, technological, and academic—and interrogates the attendant challenges of marketization, epistemic injustice, unequal access, and cultural homogenization. It demonstrates how Nigerian universities have navigated these forces within a context marked by chronic underfunding, colonial legacies, and asymmetrical global academic relations. The study further examines four emergent trends—digital internationalization, decolonial approaches, alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and glocalization—and argues that meaningful internationalization must move beyond competitive, Western-centric paradigms toward models that are ethical, inclusive, and contextually grounded. A synthesized conceptual framework is introduced to map the relationships between globalization, institutional mediation, and Nigerian higher education outcomes. The paper concludes with actionable policy recommendations addressing funding mechanisms, quality assurance reform, diaspora engagement, and digital equity. It proposes that internationalization be reconceptualized not as a crisis response or market strategy, but as a deliberate component of national development that contributes to global epistemic diversity and socially responsible academic cooperation.
Dr. Farzana Nazera, Dr. Mohamed Kaisarul Haq, Rokibul Hasan Chowdhury
The beginning of the ESG Corporate reporting began as a compliance driven report and is now an instrument of long-term value creation: Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) frameworks started as the compliance-based input. Despite this development, many companies still face challenges with piecemeal ESG adoption without integration into central governance and risk processes. This paper focuses on governance as the linchpin of ESG success and considers how board oversight, enterprise risk management (ERM), stakeholder engagement, and transparency mechanisms turn environmental and social initiatives into sustainable business strategies.
OGBOI, Charles, OMOSEBI, Tolulope Ruth, ONYEBUENYI, Ikenna Charles
In the rapidly evolving global financial ecosystem, banking institutions are increasingly integrating advanced technological infrastructures into their core operational frameworks. While digital capital expenditure can influence financial stability, the precise direction and strength of this relationship in the Nigerian context remains under-researched and poorly understood. This study sought to investigate the causal relationship between digital capital expenditure and the credit risk management of Nigerian deposit money banks, considering the role of bank size. This study employed correlation analysis and pairwise Granger causality techniques. Correlation analysis is essential for understanding the strength and direction of the linear relationship between digital investments and credit risk indicators. Pairwise Granger causality, on the other hand, allows for testing the temporal direction of influence between variables, thereby addressing the question of whether changes in digital infrastructure investments “Granger-cause” changes in credit risk outcomes, or vice versa. This study utilized secondary data sourced from the published audited annual reports and financial statements of 12 selected deposit money banks in Nigeria over a 10-year period (2015–2024). A panel data causality analysis was employed to examine the directional effect of digital capital expenditure on credit risk metrics. Granger causality test results revealed that digital capital expenditure significantly influences the non-performing loan ratio (F = 4.1721, p = 0.0185), but there is no reverse causality (F = 0.1884, p = 0.8286). Furthermore, digital capital expenditure significantly impacts the capital adequacy ratio (F = 8.6627, p = 0.0004), while the capital adequacy ratio does not influence digital capital expenditure (F = 0.6098, p = 0.5457). Bank size significantly affects capital adequacy (F = 4.1809, p = 0.0183), but the reverse does not hold (F = 0.8170, p = 0.4450). The study concluded that digital capital expenditure and bank size have strong predictive power over credit risk management behavior, while the reverse does not hold. It is therefore recommended that bank management proactively prioritize investments in digital infrastructure. Since digital capital expenditure has a unidirectional impact on improving asset quality and solvency, institutions must treat these investments as a core strategic risk management tool rather than mere operational costs to enhance overall financial stability.
Andrew Mutambasere, Anna Masona, James Sengu, Lovemore Zhou, Luckson Watambwa, Nesbert Tunha, Reginal Gumbo, Sibusisiwe Magutshwa, Tendai Shoko, Walter Kaduwo
Resource wealth has frequently served as a double-edged sword in Zimbabwe, generating economic opportunities while simultaneously fueling localized conflicts in mining communities. This study investigates the dynamics of resource-driven conflict through an enhanced application of the greed-grievance theoretical framework, focusing on Zimbabwe's diamond-rich Marange region. The research examines how economic incentives, social marginalization, weak governance structures, and militarized actors interact to escalate violence at the micro-community level. Through systematic analysis of secondary data from academic studies, government reports, and NGO publications (2016-2025), complemented by structured quantitative assessment of conflict patterns, this research demonstrates that mining zone conflicts emerge from complex interactions between greed for mineral wealth and grievances over social, political, and environmental injustices. Employing a mixed-methods approach with purposive sampling (n=347 documents) and statistical analysis including chi-square tests (χ²=23.45, p<0.001), logistic regression models (R²=0.68), and content analysis (inter-rater reliability κ=0.82), the study provides robust evidence for the multifaceted nature of resource conflicts. Findings suggest that sustainable peace in Zimbabwe's mining communities requires comprehensive interventions addressing both economic drivers and structural grievances, including transparent governance mechanisms, community-based resource management, and inclusive benefit-sharing arrangements.
Edobot Udo Ekere, Sancho Nwobuisi Chukwu
This study provides empirical evidence on how different forms of green finance affect environmental sustainability in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ), comprising Nigeria, Ghana, The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea. The specific objectives are to determine the effects of international finance for clean energy, total donations for biodiversity conservation, international financial support for green infrastructure, and technical cooperation grants on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This study relied on panel datasets gathered from the Global Carbon Budget, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the United Nations, and analysed using descriptive statistics, a panel unit root test, and a random-effects static regression. The findings showed that international funding for clean energy has a negative impact on annual CO2 emissions. Although this result is not significant at the 5% level, it suggests that funds from donor agencies for clean energy could reduce CO2 emissions across WAMZ member countries. Similarly, the results showed that total donations directed towards biodiversity conservation significantly reduced annual CO₂ emissions in the WAMZ during the study period. This suggests that donor-funded projects, such as reforestation, habitat restoration, protected area management, and anti-deforestation efforts, are delivering meaningful environmental benefits in the WAMZ. Additionally, the results showed that international financial support for infrastructure and technical cooperation grants positively and significantly affected annual CO2 emissions. This finding indicates that these funding sources have not translated into environmental sustainability, which may be linked to poor institutional quality, managerial inefficiency, and a limited focus on low-carbon technologies in the funds' investments. Given the findings, it is recommended, among others, that policymakers in the WAMZ should strengthen project appraisal frameworks and prioritise high-impact renewable energy initiatives to ensure clean energy financing is effectively utilised and results in significant CO2 emission reductions. It is also recommended that governments in the WAMZ enhance their institutional frameworks for conservation management to secure increased funding through international grants and climate funds dedicated to environmental sustainability in the region.
G Sharina Binti Shaharuddin G, Nadiah Zubbir, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Normah Ahmad, Zaiton Md Isa
Cultivating critical thinking and problem-solving abilities is crucial in higher education, particularly as language learning evolves from a focus on grammatical accuracy to communicative competence. Collaborative learning, which is fundamentally grounded in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, faces persistent challenges such as imbalanced participation and the presence of dominant personalities, both of which continue to shape the dynamics within the classroom environment. Current research supports the pedagogical advantages of collaborative work; however, there is a lack of understanding of how these interactions specifically impact critical thinking in naturalistic settings. This study sought to investigate the relationship between critical thinking skills and interaction types by comparing perceptions of pair work and group work. A quantitative survey was administered using an instrument divided into four main sections: demographic profile, perceived critical thinking/problem-solving skills, and perceptions of pair and group work interaction. The participants comprised 199 students from a Malaysian public university. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between both interaction types and the development of critical thinking, although the level of engagement varied across academic clusters. The implications of this study suggest that educators should strategically balance pair and group work to reduce learner anxiety and ensure equitable participation, thereby enhancing cognitive development.
Anthony L. Paiste, Dante M. Perido, Maria Rebecca B. Talledo, Marlene B. Pasicolan, Melanie O. Daria, Mia B. Siangco
Instructional supervision is an activity done by the school heads, supervisors, and master teachers to help teachers improve their teaching skills and practices, as well as to enhance their ability and capacity in classroom delivery of lessons. When it comes to technical assistance and support from school heads, supervisors and master teachers, teachers have different experiences with it. Teachers meet different experiences regarding instructional supervision which affect their performance especially during classroom observation. This study explores what teachers think and feel about instructional supervision. Through the use of Google Forms, the researchers gathered data from 28 Teachers II and III of the different schools in Danglas District, Division of Abra, and used thematic analysis to identify common patterns and themes. After analyzing and identifying common patterns and themes, five main themes emerged namely: support and mentorship, constructive feedback and reflection, professional growth and development, instructional improvement and learner outcomes, and collaboration and partnership. Instructional Supervision plays a very important and significant role on the enhancement of teachers’ teaching skills and practices as well as on the performance of learners. Instructional Supervision is an important part of the teaching and learning process. To sustain quality education and for learners to achieve better learning outcomes, instructional supervision is a powerful tool to achieve it most especially when it is done to give support, it is done through constructive feedback, help teachers to grow, to improve instruction and learner outcomes, and if there is collaboration between the supervisors, school heads, master teachers, and teachers.
Abdullahi Rabiu, Yusuf Musa Kibiya
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping educational systems and workforce development practices, with significant implications for vocational guidance within Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). This study adopts a systematic conceptual review methodology to synthesise existing theoretical, empirical, and policy-oriented literature on the application of AI in vocational guidance. Drawing on Human Capital Theory and Social Cognitive Career Theory, the review examines how AI-enabled tools support personalised guidance, labour market alignment, and scalable career support services. The findings indicate that AI technologies such as labour market analytics, recommender systems, and intelligent virtual assistants offer substantial opportunities to enhance guidance effectiveness, improve employability outcomes, and strengthen school-to-work transitions. However, the review also identifies critical challenges, including ethical concerns, algorithmic bias, limited explainability, loss of human-cantered counselling, and persistent digital divide constraints, particularly in developing countries contexts. The study argues that AI should function as an augmentative tool that complements, rather than replaces, professional guidance Counsellors. By synthesising key themes and identifying gaps in current research, this article contributes a conceptual framework to inform policy development, institutional practice, and future empirical research on AI-enabled vocational guidance in TVET systems.
Emily Mangwaya, Rosemary Ngara
Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping educational strategies worldwide, with growing interest in its potential to cultivate critical thinking among students. Yet, limited research explores this within African higher education contexts. This study investigated how tertiary educators in three Zimbabwean institutions understand and implement AI tools to enhance critical thinking. Rooted in the interpretivist paradigm, the study employed qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews and open-ended surveys, to capture educators’ perceptions, strategies, and the challenges they encounter. Thematic analysis revealed that AI's effect on student thinking in Zimbabwean universities depends entirely on how lecturers use it. The critical thinking aspect emerged when lecturers required students to critique the ideas that they obtained through AI. Findings indicate that students were encouraged to compare AI outputs with credible sources, forcing them to evaluate authority, accuracy, and bias. Some lecturers failed to guide students on how to utilize AI effectively. Students without clear structure developed a complicated reliance on AI by failing to think for themselves. Lecturers observed a necessary shift in their own teaching and the students' cognitive roles. Most of them suggested that since AI is responsible for basic summarisation and information retrieval, classroom discussions could focus on application, analysis, and creation as indicated in the higher levels of Bloom's Taxonomy. Participants proposed capacity-building, contextualised digital content, and institutional support as key enablers. These findings highlight the promise of AI in advancing critical thinking but call for targeted interventions to realise its full potential. The study contributes valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and curriculum designers aiming to integrate AI in meaningful and sustainable ways.
Iskandar Hasan Tan Abdullah, Raja Symsul Haq Raja Karim, Wan Ahmad Tirmizi Wan Sulaiaman, Wan Salwana Wan Sulaiman
The rapid evolution from Technology Industry 4.0 to Technology Industry 5.0 marks a transformative shift toward human-centric technological integration, prioritizing a sophisticated collaboration between Artificial Intelligence and human expertise. In the critical domain of public safety, this transition is essential for addressing the multifaceted complexities of cross-border commercial crimes. This study using the Grounded in the Extended Technology Acceptance Model and New Public Management principles. This research explores the perception and acceptance of Technology Industry 5.0 commercialization services among police officers at the Northeast District Police Headquarters in Penang, Malaysia, and Danok, Thailand. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study investigates how 5G and nascent 6G technologies facilitate the prevention of commercial crimes through "Digital Era Governance." A core contribution of this research is the development of a Virtual Decision-Simulation Model designed to predict commercial non-compliance by mimicking managerial thought patterns. Furthermore, the study formulates a Smart Networking and Data Protection Framework to ensure secure international data exchange in high-bandwidth environments. Initial findings highlight that perceived usefulness and ease of use, mediated by cognitive and affective trust in smart networking systems, significantly influence the adoption of these advanced frameworks. This research provides a strategic roadmap for public administration, yielding a validated Technology Industry 5.0 Acceptance Model. Key outputs include a policy-ready framework for secure data management and a prototype for AI-based decision simulation. Ultimately, this study enhances integrity and accountability in public administration by bridging the gap between cutting-edge technological innovation and robust regulatory governance, ensuring the sustainability of corporate transparency in the digital era.
Alfred Mapolisa, Evans Chazireni, Faith Chiwungwe, Mangirichi Marshall Magenge
This study aims to examine occupational safety and heathy hazards and risks associated with municipal waste collectors in Harare, Zimbabwe. This descriptive cross-sectional survey collected data from waste collectors and managers who have worked in the urban council, using a researcher administered semi-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPPS version 23. Questionnaires were used to collect data, and that data was used in conjunction with secondary data obtained from various literature. The results indicated that waste collectors in Harare encountered a myriad of safety and health hazards because of their work practices and conditions. Its labor-intensive nature exposes workers to injuries and exposure to disease causing pathogens and hazardous waste. As a result, waste collectors were exposed to various injuries, illnesses and musculoskeletal disorders and other health challenges. Some comprehensive prevention and control measures must be developed and applied prevent or minimize the safety and health risks. This will ensure health and safety in waste management hence reduction of risks among waste management workers at varying stages of the process. The results point to the need for council or municipalities to have a functional occupational safety and health management system that seeks to have a holistic approach towards hazard management mechanisms. The underlying determinants of a successful OSH management system by all stakeholders needs an integrated approach.
Queenie E. Arcilla, R.N
Maternal mortality: it is a very serious public health topic in geographically isolated and disadvantaged (GIDA) communities in the Philippines, where geographical isolation, a lack of infrastructure and transport severely delay emergency obstetric care. National maternal health programs notwithstanding, local and context-specific evidence is still necessary, as preventable maternal deaths are still occurring. The proposed study was based on the aim of investigating the issues facing emergency obstetric care during transport in Barangay Cagnipa, Garchitorena, Camarines Sur, and determining the community informed solutions on the barriers to timely access to emergency obstetric care. Data were gathered based on a phenomenologically informed qualitative case study design guided by the Three Delays Model and enacted through the in-depth-interviews, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations by collecting data using 30 purposely sampled participants. The four themes identified through thematic analysis consisted of: (1) extreme transportation factors such as geographic isolation, weather dependent sea travel and unavailable vehicles and high costs of transport; (2) cultural beliefs and mistrust in institutional care making care-seeking delayed; (3) the systemic limitations live up to healthcare such as poor quality in supplies, facility preparedness, and low referral systems, (4) the restrained emergency response at the community and municipal level. These results indicate that transportation barriers work alongside her socio-cultural and health system to increase delays and prevent avoidable maternal deaths. The research paper provides novel localized qualitative data of the experience of transport-related delays in a remote Philippine barangay and offers community-driven-based emergency transport, enhanced referral coordination, and culturally-sensitive maternal health literacy as community-oriented strategic interventions that may enhance maternal outcomes in remote, geographically isolated communities.
Janaki Manokaran, Porshothman Elenggoven
Grammar learning remains a challenge for lower primary ESL learners, particularly in mastering descriptive language such as adjectives. Traditional grammar instruction often relies on drill-based approaches that may limit learner engagement and meaningful language use. In response to this issue, this study investigates the effectiveness of Adjective Anglers, a game-based learning tool developed using the ADDIE instructional design model, in enhancing adjective learning among lower primary ESL learners in a Malaysian primary school. A mixed-method research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected through a pre-test and post-test administered to fifteen lower primary ESL students, while qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with five students and five English teachers. Descriptive analysis of the test results revealed a substantial improvement in students’ post-test scores, indicating enhanced understanding and application of adjectives following the intervention. Thematic analysis of interview data showed positive perceptions among both students and teachers, highlighting increased engagement, enjoyment, confidence, and active participation during grammar lessons. Teachers also reported that the game was suitable, practical, and aligned with curricular objectives. Overall, the findings suggest that Adjective Anglers is an effective and engaging supplementary instructional tool for grammar teaching in lower primary ESL classrooms. The study contributes to the growing body of research on game-based learning and offers practical insights for primary English language educators.
Barika David Ngwa, Nchinda Nelson Kekoh*
Edible caterpillars are an important non-timber forest product in the Congo Basin, supporting rural household income, food security, and seasonal livelihood diversification. This study quantifies household dependence on edible caterpillars in eight villages surrounding the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve and assesses their socioeconomic contributions, harvesting practices, ecological impacts, and perceived effects of climatic variability. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed, combining structured household surveys (n = 46), key informant interviews, Rapid Rural Appraisal tools, focus group discussions, and forest inventories. Results indicate that edible caterpillars contribute an average of 32% to seasonal household income (July–October), rising to 48% among low-wealth households, functioning as a critical safety net during agricultural lean periods. Dependence is significantly higher among low-wealth households (χ² = 15.23, df = 4, p < .01) and those located farther from urban markets, with women and children comprising 72% of harvesters. Unsustainable practices, including tree cutting reported by 91.3% of respondents, cause substantial defoliation (41% in primary forests) and threaten host tree regeneration. Households report declining caterpillar availability since 2003, attributed to rainfall irregularity and forest structural change. These findings underscore the dual role of edible caterpillars as both nutritional and economic buffers, while highlighting ecological risks from overharvesting and climate variability. Sustainable management strategies should include non-destructive harvesting regulations, host-tree reforestation, gender-responsive training for women and youth, and integration of climate adaptation into local forest governance. Such interventions can reconcile livelihood needs with biodiversity conservation in biosphere reserve transition zones.
Mohammad Ibrahim Moneeb, Novikova V. P., Raihanullah Mohmand
This study investigates how English-language media linguistically construct the concept of time management through the use of metaphor and framing strategies during the period from 2020 to 2025. Adopting a mixedmethods qualitative discourse-analytical approach, the research examines a corpus of 25 media texts (approximately 48,000 words) drawn from influential outlets, including BBC, CNN, The Economist, Financial Times, The Guardian, and Harvard Business Review. These sources were selected to represent a range of journalistic genres, such as business journalism, lifestyle media, and professional advice discourse. The analysis combines the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU) with frame-semantic analysis and systematic lexical classification to uncover recurring linguistic patterns in media representations of time. The findings reveal four dominant metaphor families used to conceptualize time, namely TIME IS MONEY, TIME IS A RESOURCE, TIME IS A MOVING ENTITY, and TIME IS AN ENEMY. These metaphors are embedded within five recurring interpretive frames: productivity, urgency, self-optimization, wellness, and neoliberal responsibility. Together, these linguistic strategies contribute to the transformation of time from an abstract experiential dimension into a quantifiable, manageable, and morally charged resource. The study demonstrates that media discourse does not merely describe time management practices but actively shapes normative expectations regarding efficiency, responsibility, and self-discipline. To illustrate the linguistic mechanisms underlying this transformation, the study proposes a conceptual model that distinguishes between the lexicon of time, the lexicon of time management, and their intersection, where hybrid expressions naturalize managerial approaches to temporal experience. The results contribute to media discourse studies, cognitive linguistics, and critical discourse analysis by providing a systematic account of how contemporary media participate in the ideological construction of time. The study also offers a theoretical foundation for future research on the relationship between language, media, and temporal perception in digitally accelerated societies.
Bhiri Kuziwa
This study explores the cultural factors influencing men’s reluctance to report domestic violence in Hwange Urban Area, Zimbabwe. Guided by interpretivist and critical theory paradigms, the research employed a qualitative design, using in-depth interviews with 30 purposively selected men aged 20–60 to capture their lived experiences. Findings reveal that entrenched cultural norms, perceptions of masculinity as strength and dominance, fear of ridicule, and social stigma significantly discourage men from disclosing abuse. Participants also reported limited institutional support and the absence of gender-inclusive policies as barriers to seeking help. The study recommends community-based awareness programs to challenge harmful cultural narratives, capacity-building for service providers and law enforcement to respond sensitively to male victims, and the establishment of confidential reporting mechanisms. These measures are critical for reducing stigma, fostering disclosure, and promoting gender-inclusive justice.
Moawiah Awad Alghizzawi, Nawal Alamri, Zamzam Alghusaini
One of the most crucial tools of social and economic policy in every nation is taxation. It is the major source of funds that offers financing in infrastructure, health care, and education. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between digital literacy and tax compliance among Omani SMEs. A quantitative approach was used by collecting a 384 questionnaire. Using SPSS version 24 the regression analysis demonstrated that, the results discovered a positive and significant relationship between digital literacy on tax compliance among Omani SMEs indicated that the high level of literacy concerning tax technology and systems (Tax Digitalization) encouraged the Omani taxpayers to voluntary tax compliance. in addition, the results discovered a positive and significant relationship between trust in government on tax compliance among Omani SMEs. Indicated that the higher trust in government regarding tax payment treatment, the better level of voluntary tax compliance among Omani SMEs. This study enhances the exciting literature concerning tax compliance in the contexts of Oman. Furthermore, the study provides new empirical data to knowledge related to literature concerning tax compliance in the contexts of Oman. Future research may consider other variables such as digital tax tools adoption as in independent variable to be examined with the study dependent variable; tax compliance.
ALABI Olutoyin Olanike, FAGBENLE Ayoola Olufunke, Ridwan olaide ADEJARE
This paper has analysed how the internal business environment influences the corporate performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The banking industry is a very competitive service-orientated environment where commitment of employees, effectiveness of managers and customer satisfaction are very important to the success of an organisation. Nevertheless, there are still several deposit money banks that struggle with the issues of low employee engagement, a poor decision-making process, and poor customer satisfaction, which implies the necessity to reinforce internal organisational drivers. The research design adopted was a descriptive research design and data were collected using structured questionnaires that were distributed to the bank employees. Out of the 330 questionnaires that were sent out, 322 were duly filled and returned, a response rate of 97.6%. Simple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level. The results indicated that human resources positively impact employee engagement (R = 0.920, R² = 0.846, p < 0.05), leadership style significantly influences decision-making (R = 0.890, R² = 0.792, p < 0.05), and organisational culture positively impacts customer satisfaction (R = 0.875, R² = 0.766, p < 0.05). The study recommends that deposit money banks should reinforce human resource practices by encouraging continuous training, equitable reward systems and supportive work policies; encourage participative and transformational leadership styles; as well as the establishment of a strong customer-centred relationship.
Bar. Nneoma Wokemba, Blessing Ifeoma Onah, Uzoma Chidimma Anthonia
In Nigeria, abuse of the pursuit of justice among women and girls is chronic in nature, which is manifested by discriminatory laws, cultural policies, and illiteracy about laws, geographical and economic constraints, and lack of access to services by marginalized groups of rural women, out of school young people, young mothers and young people with disabilities. Interventions based on legal empowerment such as peer paralegals, legal clinic, legal hotlines, and online platforms have been used to overcome these difficulties; however, the effectiveness of these interventions in various settings has not been well studied. This study is concerned with evaluating how these interventions would help adolescent girls and young women to comprehend their rights, pursue justice, and report violations. These were aimed at measuring performance, uncovering obstacles and enabling factors, and prescribing scalable solutions to improve inclusiveness and equitable access to justice. The quantitative research design was adopted with the help of structured survey consultation questionnaire conducted to 300 individuals living in urban and rural areas and consisting of the various subgroups including young mothers and people with disabilities. Knowledge, confidence, and willingness to act were measured with both closed-ended and Likert-scale questions, which were supported by open-ended questions that contained qualitative information. The findings showed that peer paralegal and legal clinic services produced the most effect in enhancing the level of legal knowledge and confidence, whereas the impact of hotlines and online networks was moderate. The reported benefits in the urban players were bigger, whilst the marginalized groups experienced lesser access and influence because of the structural, socio-cultural, and technological restrictions. Some of the recommendations necessitate scaling programs on community-based initiatives, improving digital access, producing more inclusive and multilingual resources, and adopting effective monitoring and evaluation systems to follow the progress. These are key strategies to the realization of sustainable and equitable legal empowerment of women and girls in Nigeria.
Dr. Clement Ucho, Dr. Kingsley Ikechukwu Ezeh, Prof Basil U Eze
The Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) which was passed in 2021 is a historic change to the oil and gas sector in Nigeria with profound effects on fiscal structures, governance and operations in the industry. This paper discuss the effect of the PIA on Production Sharing Contract (PSC) cost recovery analysis, especially under the management budgeting of oil and gas in the Niger Delta. The study examines the impact of reforms in fiscal aspects, governance frameworks, and transparency conditions that PIA has brought on the cost recovery process, investment choices, and revenue sharing between the Nigerian government and international oil companies (IOCs). The mixed-methods design was used, which included documentary analysis of the PIA and current PSC frameworks, and secondary data on trends in cost recovery before and after the implementation of the Act. The quantitative analysis was conducted on ground of descriptive statistics, regression analysis as well as paired sample t-tests to determine significant differences in cost recovery ratios, budget allocations and government take based on the pre and post-PIA regimes. The findings indicate that the recoverable cost margins are statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduced in the new structure, and the share of government revenue is moderately increased. Results also reveal that although the PIA increases regulatory transparency and responsibility, its cost recovery requirements and financial liabilities are stricter, and they are likely to change investment behavior and project sustainability in the long-term. The research has come to the conclusion that the successful implementation of the PIA is really the key to achieving a balance between the national revenue goals and the investor confidence and long-term oil and gas development in the Niger Delta. Policymakers, IOCs and the host communities are given recommendations on how to create a more transparent, efficient and win-win fiscal climate within the new regime.
Ezeife Agbachukwu Okeife, Muoneke Chukwuemeka Vincent, Okoli, Uju Victoria
This study explores the impact of taxation on manufacturing sector output in Nigeria from 1994 to 2023, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to uncover both short-run and long-run dynamics. Drawing on secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics, and the Federal Inland Revenue Service, the analysis focuses on direct and indirect impact of taxation on manufacturing sector output using four key tax types: Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT), Company Income Tax (CIT), Value Added Tax (VAT), and Personal Income Tax (PIT). Anchored in the Laffer curve theorem which suggests a non-linear relationship between tax rates and economic performance, the study examines whether Nigeria’s tax policies have supported or hindered manufacturing sector’s growth. The findings reveal that PPT significantly boosts manufacturing output in both the short and long run, highlighting the developmental value of resource-based revenues. CIT shows a positive influence in the short run but turns negative and statistically insignificant in the long run, suggesting that prolonged high corporate taxes may discourage industrial growth. VAT and PIT, although showing some long-run influence, were not statistically significant. Based on these insights, the study recommends a rebalancing of tax policy especially optimizing petroleum profit tax utilization, reform corporate tax structure to reduce burdens, reassess the design and administration of value added tax and balancing personal income tax rates to safeguard demand and productivity. By blending empirical evidence with theoretical insight, this research adds to the fiscal policy discourse in developing economies and offers a valuable framework for rethinking Nigeria’s tax strategy in support of sustainable industrial development.
Kabiru Bawa, M. Bashir, Patrick Chinda Duhu
The study determined the improvement needs in Electrical and Electronics Technology Education curriculum for sustainable self-employment of graduates of universities in Northern Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. A total of 175 which comprises 25 Lecturers, 76 Industry workers and 74 self-employed graduates were used as the sample of the sudy. The research objectives that guided the study include to determine the improvement needs of renewable energy, and electrical machines, among others for sustainable self-employment of Electrical Electronics Technology Education graduates. Four research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. A structured questionnaire titled Improvement needs of Electrical Electronics Technology Curriculum for Sustainable Self-employment questionnaire (INESS) was used as instrument for data collection; the questionnaire was validated by three experts. The instrument was subjected to pilot test at University of Nigeria Nsukka and a reliability coefficient of 0.76 was obtained, which indicated a good reliability index. Statistical packeage SPSS version 2.9 was used to analysed the research questions, while the rsult of the one way ANOVA was tested at 0.05 level of significance using cronbanch Alpha. The findings of the study showed that the lecturers, industry workers, and self-employed graduates have consensus on the need for curriculum enhancements in areas such as energy conversion and renewable energy, electrical machines, pedagogical skills, and educational administration and planning aspects which are crucial for equipping graduates with the expertise skills needed for self-employment. Furthermore, the findings from the study revealed no significant differences in the mean rating for the improvement needs among the different respondent groups regarding the energy conversion and renewable energy, electrical machines, pedagogical skills, and educational administration and planning aspects of the curriculum for sustainable self-employment of Electrical Elevtronics Technology Education graduates. The study recommended that Electrical Electronics Technology curriculum should incorporated AI skills, Photo-voltaic technology, hydro-panels technology, High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) for increased power density, project-based learning approaches of pedagogical skills, soft skills development, problem solving skills, and a contemporary system to track and assess the efficacy of the educational process, human resources and financial planning expertise, among others to address these curriculum gaps for equipping graduates with the necessary skills for sustainable self-employment, thereby contributing to economic development in Nigeria.
Jasper Kim M. Rabago, Junior A. Amodo
Expeditionary Learning (EL) Approach has a positive impact and has great help to both teachers and students. This pretest and posttest design aimed to improve the level of knowledge of the Grade 7 students on Asian Culture, particularly on Ilocano culture through the use of Expeditionary Learning (EL) Approach during the second grading period of the school year 2021-2022. A teacher-made test was used to measure the knowledge of students and a frequency, mean and t-test are the tools used in treating the gathered data. Based on the results, it was revealed that the level of knowledge of the students on Asian Culture may tend to be good initially, but exhibited improvement after employing Expeditionary Learning (EL) Approach through QR code scanning as an intervention measure. More so, Expeditionary Learning (EL) Approach improved the level of knowledge of students on Asian culture, particularly Ilocano culture. Based from the findings of this study, the researchers recommended the use of Expeditionary Learning (EL) Approach not only in Araling Panlipunan but also to other learning areas. Similar study may also be undertaken to further strengthen the effectiveness of the Expeditionary Learning (EL) Approach in other disciplines.
Milde Wahyu
The Muaro Temple area is one of the largest temple sites in Southeast Asia, possessing high historical, cultural, and tourism value. However, the quality of tourist services in this area still faces various challenges, particularly related to the competence of historical tour guides in delivering accurate, engaging, and experience-oriented information. This Community Service Program (PkM) aims to improve the skills of historical tour guides at Muaro Temple through integrated training that includes strengthening historical knowledge, communication skills, service excellence, and the use of simple digital media. The implementation method includes identifying partner needs, training and workshops, field practice (role play), and pre- and post-activity evaluations. The results of the activity show an increase in participants' understanding of the history of Muaro Temple, increased confidence in guiding tourists, and improved service quality perceived by visitors. This program is expected to contribute to the development of sustainable tourism and improve the welfare of the community around the Muaro Temple area.
Caroline Geetha, IMVOGUAI ISSAC I BAGA
The study aims to evaluate whether inbound tourism and domestic tourism expenditure contributes to national income for a developing economy like Malaysia based on Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis. The dependent variable is GDP; meanwhile, inbound tourism expenditure, domestic tourism expenditure, inflation and exchange rate are the independent variables. The ARDL method was employed on secondary time series data from 1994 to 2024, to determine whether there is a relationship between these independent variables with the dependent variables in the short term and long term. The result revealed that inbound was significantly negative in the short term and long term. Domestic tourism expenditure revealed a significantly positive relationship with GDP, both in the short term and long term. Similarly, inflation also exhibits a significantly positive relationship in the short term and long term. Contrary, the exchange rate revealed an insignificant relationship both in the short term and long term. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant economic leakage from the inbound tourism. Thus, strategic measures need to be taken to enhance the value of the local supply chain to reduce economic leakages.
Dr. Chandramoulesh G. K.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and present situation of the inclusive education system in India, with a particular emphasis on children who have unique medical requirements. It examines the progression from segregated education models to inclusive frameworks, analyzing key policy initiatives such as the Integrated Education for Disabled Children (IEDC), the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), and the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPWD) Act. In order to evaluate the levels of school attendance, gender inequities, and academic achievement among children with disabilities, the research makes use of data obtained from the Census in 2011. Among the key problems that are identified are the implementation of policies, the attitudes of society, the opposition of parents, and the requirement for the integration of research and skill-based instruction. The findings emphasise the need of implementing comprehensive measures to improve the efficiency of inclusive education. These strategies should ensure that all students, regardless of their ability, are provided with equal chances. This research makes a contribution to the continuing discussion on educational equity and offers suggestions for policymakers, educators, and other stakeholders concerning how to create an educational climate in India that is more welcoming to people of all backgrounds.
Farrah Rina Mohd Roshdi
The Malaysian construction industry has increasingly used the Industrialised Building System (IBS) as part of construction technology to improve efficiency, quality, and sustainability. This research aims the effects of construction technology innovation on onshore fabrication projects in Malaysia, focusing specifically in steel framing system on advancements in ergonomics, occupational safety, and work-life balance. The research examines the use of Industrialised Building Systems (IBS) encompassing mechanized production processes, automated material handling systems, and modular steel fabrication techniques. These technologies diminish reliance on physical labour, minimize repetitive motions, and restrict workers' exposure to hazardous site activities. Moreover, fabrication in regulated production settings improves quality control and operational efficiency relative to traditional on-site construction techniques. This study used a qualitative single case study methodology to investigate the effects of construction technology innovation design on ergonomics, occupational safety, and work–life balance in onshore fabrication projects in the Malaysian construction sector. This case study examines an onshore fabrication project, selected according to their technical adoption, project scale, and significance to onshore fabrication operation. Data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with project managers, engineers, safety officers, and fabrication workers, in addition to an examination of project paperwork and safety records. Interview data were utilized to get practitioners’ viewpoints on alterations in workload, safety performance, and work–life balance after the adoption of novel technology focused on labor processes, material handling techniques, equipment utilization, and workstation design to assess ergonomic conditions and safety protocols. The data gathered were analyzed thematically. Moreover, the implementation of technology-driven operational workflows enhances job scheduling, minimizes overtime demands, and optimizes labor resource management. These enhancements positively affect employees' physical health, fatigue levels, and overall job satisfaction, hence promoting a healthier work–life balance. The results demonstrate that the deliberate and systematic application of IBS technologies in Malaysia yields quantifiable enhancements in safety performance and productivity, while concurrently fostering sustainable worker behaviors. This study asserts that ongoing IBS innovation in construction technology is crucial for Malaysia’s construction sector with national modernization efforts and long-term labor welfare goals.
Dr. Uduakobong Victor Timothy CLN, MNLA, Ukeme Monday Udoikut CLN, MNLA
The research investigated the extent to which cloud computing has influence in the job performance of librarians in libraries of selected public tertiary institutions in south-south Nigeria. The specific objective was to ascertain the influence of cloud computing on librarian’s job performance in libraries of selected public tertiary institutions in South-South Nigeria, find out the difference in the application of cloud computing based on libraries of selected public tertiary institutions in South-South Nigeria. Two corresponding questions and hypotheses were formulated. The study was predicated on theory of expectancy. The conceptual framework was highlighted, a thorough review of previous studies carried out to explore the existing research carried out on cloud computing and librarian’s job performance. The empirical reviews carried out provided us with a clear gap in knowledge which this study filled. Descriptive survey design was adopted for study. A total of 132 library staff constituted the population of the study while 108 was sampled using Multi stage approached for the selection. A research structured questionnaire title “Cloud Computing and Librarian’s Job Performance Questionnaire’’ (CCALJPQ)” was used to collect data. The dependent and independent t-test were used to analysis the collected data. The result of the findings revealed a significant influence of cloud computing on librarian’s job performance in libraries of selected public tertiary institutions in South-South Nigeria.
ThankGod Amukele Mahel
Achieving research quality and contributing to the body of knowledge is a hallmark of credibility and dependability of research instruments used by scholars. Subsequently, conducting a pilot study to obtain the validity and reliability of the study data gathering instruments is indispensable. This is even more crucial when considering mental health challenges that affect the lives and academics of university and college students. Therefore, to determine the trustworthiness of the proposed dissertation research study instruments, the pilot study was conducted. Cronbach’s alpha method of data analysis was used in scale reliability computations. The descriptive statistics helped in describing the preliminary pilot study outcomes. Thus, the findings revealed that the conceptualized elements meet the acceptable threshold of internal consistency. This indicates that proposed instruments have the capacity to measure the compounded social stigma, mental health, coping strategies, mental health awareness, and mental health help-seeking attitude of university undergraduate students. Hence, it was concluded that the instruments can be utilized in the dissertation study to achieve the study objectives.
Adelheid Marie Bwire, Gabriel Senanu Akakpo, Omodu Paul Molley, Samson Rosana Ondigi
The study examined the influence of geography teachers’ competencies on students’ map-reading achievement in Secondary Schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study used a descriptive survey and mixed-methods approach, employing simple random and purposive sampling to select 194 students, 14 geography teachers, and 7 heads of department from 7 public secondary schools. Data were collected through questionnaires, assessment tests, interview schedules, and observation plans. Content analysis was employed to extract qualitative data, central tendency measures were implemented to analyse quantitative data, and descriptive statistics were implemented to review the characteristics of the collected data. Infographics and bar graphs were used to illustrate the findings. The results indicated that geography educators exhibited pedagogical content knowledge, as well as technological content knowledge and high self-efficacy. According to 71.4% of the respondents, the competence of instructors in performing their duties was the determining factor in the success of students in map reading. Nevertheless, 28.6% of the instructors indicated that, although competency was a significant predictor of academic success, it was not the sole factor influencing performance. Classroom environment, instructional material availability, and the attitudes of students and teachers towards outdoor learning were other factors that influence academic achievement. These responses were tested, and the test's P-value (.001) was below the threshold (α=.05), indicating a statistically significant association between instructors' competency and student Map Reading achievement. Gender differences in performance were not statistically significant, as the p-value (0.329) is greater than the significance level (α = 0.05). Therefore, gender did not influence students’ learning achievement in map-reading. The study concluded that the recommended method for teaching map reading to partially theoretical principles, which involves exposing students to outdoor learning, would be advantageous. The research suggests that school administrators should guarantee that geography teachers receive regular seminars, workshops, and in-service map-reading training. Instructional tools should be accessible to facilitate effective learning.
Dr. Charles Musyimi, Prof. Gideon Kasivu, Prof. Joseph Nzomoi
Education is a dependable mechanism to improve people’s lives through the acquisition of knowledge, skills and desirable attitudes. It is therefore imperative to ensure that children are receiving equal educational opportunities regardless of circumstances out of their control such as their socioeconomic status, ethnicity, geographical location, the school they attend, or the social and economic context of the country (Demeuse, Frandiji,Greger and Rochex ,2012).The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of government bursary funds on participation rates in public secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. Bursary funds are a form of educational subsidies. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study sampled 196 principals and deputy principals out of all the 384 public secondary schools in Makueni county that were targeted for the study. All the 9 Sub-County Directors of Education in Makueni County were also targeted for the study. Sampling was done through stratified, simple random sampling. Data collection instruments included questionnaires for Principals, Deputies and interview schedule for Sub-county Directors of Education. The instruments were ascertained through piloting and by research experts to ensure content validity while reliability was achieved through piloting and testing reliability. Data was analyzed by use of SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations and inferential statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data. Qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis and the responses presented in narratives, tables and figures. The results revealed that the relationship between government bursary funds and participation rates was positive but moderate (R= .679). An adjusted R2 gave a clear prediction. The adjusted R square of 0.68 indicated that 68% of the variation in the participation of students in schooling in public secondary schools in Makueni County could be explained by provision of government bursary funds in financing education. The study recommends that the government should continue and also increase bursary awards to students as a way of bolstering participation rates of students in secondary school education. This should be done by targeting the vulnerable in the society.
Bethel Ann T. Redosendo
Teacher accountability plays a vital role in promoting learners’ academic engagement. This study examined the relationship between teachers’ accountability and learners’ learning engagement among Grades 1 to 6 pupils at Lupiagan Elementary School during the School Year 2023–2024. Specifically, it assessed teachers’ accountability in terms of duty and responsibility, communication, and expectations, as well as learners’ engagement in oral recitation and participation in performance tasks. A descriptive–correlational research design was employed. Data were collected from 124 learners using a modified questionnaire adapted from Dargusch (2018). Mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s r were used for data analysis.
Mohd Azhar Bin Abd Hamid, Norlida Binti Mohamad Ramli, Roziana Bt Shaari
Informal learning is recognised as part of the learning spectrum and considered complementary to formal and non-formal learning. A study on informal learning is widely discussed in the workplace context and has reported as a dominant learning which contributes to the employee’s performance. In the context of academic leadership, leaders face challenges in fulfilling their responsibilities because they receive insufficient exposure and preparation before their appointment. The purpose of this study is to explore the informal learning strategies practised among academic leaders and identify the advantages towards academic leadership development. This study employed a qualitative case study design, with semi-structured interviews and document analysis as data collection methods. A total of 12 participants from five research universities in Malaysia were involved in this study and were selected using purposive sampling. Thematic analysis technique was used to analyse the data using the ATLAS.ti 9 computer software for Windows. Findings from the study revealed that academic leaders are actively engaging in learning through experiences, observation, social interaction and discussion as their significant informal learning strategies in leadership practice. These informal learning strategies provide advantages for academic leaders, as they serve as a medium for learning leadership, self-development, and mindset development. Therefore, these findings highlight the significance of informal learning as a strategic mechanism in strengthening and developing academic leadership in Malaysian Research Universities.
Esther Florence Akonor, Nora Dodoo Odonkor, Patience Boatemaa Antwi Yamoah
Infrastructure investment plays a critical role in shaping economic development and international relations, particularly in developing economies. This paper examines the significance of five key infrastructure components—transportation, energy, telecommunications, technological advancement, and water supply—in promoting sustainable economic growth and enhancing global competitiveness. It analyzes the effects of infrastructure investment on economic indicators such as GDP growth, employment, and international trade, highlighting their influence on productivity, market access, and competitiveness. The study further explores the interaction between infrastructure development and international relations, emphasizing how strategic investments strengthen diplomatic ties, attract foreign investment, and foster regional cooperation. Drawing on existing literature and empirical case evidence, the paper argues that infrastructure investment serves as both a driver of domestic economic performance and a strategic instrument of international engagement, and concludes with policy-relevant recommendations.
Nomelita S. Lo, Salve D. Cabrejas
This study investigated the innovative leadership strategies employed by school leaders in Basud District to enhance teacher engagement during the school year 2024-2025, focusing on collaborative school-based management, continuous professional development and training, technological integration and support, and mentorship and peer support practices. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design, data were gathered from all 260 elementary teachers through total enumeration, utilizing a researcher-made survey questionnaire on a 4-point Likert scale. Findings revealed that all leadership strategies were highly employed, with collaborative decision-making and technology integration receiving the highest ratings. Leadership practices were likewise rated as highly effective, particularly in fostering teamwork and strengthening professional commitment. Correlational analysis indicated a strong, significant positive relationship between innovative leadership strategies and teacher engagement (p = .000), with collaborative school-based management showing the strongest association. Challenges identified included time constraints, limited financial resources, unstable internet connectivity, and insufficient time for mentorship. These results underscore the crucial role of innovative leadership in enhancing cognitive, emotional, and social teacher engagement, though resource limitations hinder full implementation. The study concludes that innovative leadership strategies significantly enhance teacher engagement and proposes Project T.E.A.M. (Teachers Engaged in Action and Management) as a capacity-building intervention to reinforce collaboration, professional development, technology integration, and mentorship among teachers in the district.
Lee Bih Ni
This study explores the effectiveness of innovative teaching aids in enhancing historical thinking skills among secondary school students. Recognizing that traditional history instruction often emphasizes memorization over critical analysis, the research explores how digital tools, interactive modules, and inquiry-based strategies can foster deeper understanding of historical events, sources, and perspectives. Using a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data from surveys measure teachers’ usage patterns and students’ historical thinking performance, while qualitative data from interviews and classroom observations provide insights into pedagogical practices and student engagement. Findings indicate that integrating carefully designed teaching aids not only improves analytical and interpretive skills but also increases motivation and collaborative learning. The study underscores the importance of aligning teaching aids with curriculum goals and highlights practical strategies for history educators to cultivate critical, reflective, and evidence-based historical thinking in the classroom.
Bothwell Matewe, Clemence Makuni, Else Chambiwa
In Zimbabwe's cities, gambling has become more prevalent, especially in the Harare Central Business District (CBD), where gambling is ingrained in daily social and commercial life. With an emphasis on their reasons for gambling as well as the coping and self-regulation techniques they use to deal with losses and emotional discomfort, this study aimed to investigate the lived psychological experiences of gamblers in Harare's central business district. In-depth interviews were used to gather information from a purposively chosen sample of fifteen punters using a qualitative research methodology. The results showed that in addition to psychological elements like hope, psychological thrill, emotional escape, and social belonging, economic hardship, unemployment, and the need for immediate financial relief were the main drivers of gambling participation. It was widely believed that gambling may lead to better living conditions as well as serve as a survival tactic. Significant emotional difficulties related to gambling, such as stress, anxiety, guilt, and irritation after losses, were also mentioned by the individuals. Punters used a variety of self-regulation techniques to deal with these emotional feelings. Limit-setting, short-term abstinence, cognitive reframing, social support, and spiritual activities were examples of coping mechanisms. On the other hand, it was also clear that maladaptive tactics like pursuing losses, and emotional avoidance were used, which frequently increased emotional pain and encouraged ongoing gambling. The study comes to the conclusion that gambling among players in Harare's central business district is a complicated phenomenon influenced by socioeconomic realities and psychological demands. In order to reduce gambling-related harm and encourage healthier coping mechanisms among urban gamblers, legislation, responsible gambling programs, and contextually relevant interventions must take these lived experiences into account.
Alade Victoria Adesola, Aramide Olufemi Kunle, Oduroye Peter
This study investigated institutional support for faculty learning communities’ participation among Library and Information Science educators in the South-West, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research survey design. The population of the study was 225 LIS educators in library schools (universities and polytechnics) in the South West, Nigeria. The total enumeration sampling technique was employed for the study. The instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. It was found that there are FLCs in the library schools. There is a high level of engagement in FLCs among the LIS educators. The types of institutional support available to the LIS educators in library schools in South-West Nigeria include library resources to support FLC activities, effective communication about FLC goals, and access to necessary IT facilities and assistance. The hypothesis tested revealed a positive influence of institutional support on FLC’s participation among the LIS educators. Meanwhile, interdisciplinary collaboration and continuous learning are vital in promoting FLCs.
Daryl I. Quinito, PhD, Eduardo P. Cruz, Jr.
This study investigated the influence of instructional leadership skills on learners’ resiliency and selfefficacy in two public secondary schools in San Vicente, Camarines Norte. Grounded in Bandura’s self-efficacy theory, Richardson’s resilience metatheory, and the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST), the research employed a quantitative descriptive-correlational design. A total of 71 teachers and 247 learners from Grades 11 and 12 participated through total enumeration sampling. Data were gathered using validated survey instruments adapted from the PPST and related frameworks, covering domains of content knowledge and pedagogy, learning environment, diversity of learners, and community linkages, alongside measures of resiliency and self-efficacy. Weighted mean scores were computed to assess levels of instructional leadership, resiliency, and self-efficacy, while Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was applied to determine significant relationships at the 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that school leaders demonstrated strong instructional leadership in content knowledge, pedagogy, and community linkages, with notable influence on learners’ perseverance, problem-solving, competence, and persistence. However, reflective practices and adaptive help were rated lower, indicating areas for improvement. Significant correlations were found between instructional leadership and both resiliency and self-efficacy, particularly between content knowledge and learner persistence. These findings highlight that effective instructional leadership not only enhances teaching practices but also directly fosters learners’ adaptability, confidence, and self-regulated learning. The study recommends the establishment of a Strengthening Instructional Leadership Program to address gaps in reflective learning and adaptive support, thereby promoting resilience and empowering learners toward greater independence and academic growth.
Abdul A. Koroma, Victor S. Kamara
The long-term geotechnical integrity of Tailings Storage Facilities (TSFs) in tropical environments is a critical challenge for sustainable mining, requiring a transition from static safety assessments to dynamic, data-driven monitoring. This study presents a comprehensive geotechnical evaluation of the TSF at Marampa Mines Limited (MML), situated within the Rokel-Kasila Belt of Sierra Leone. The research integrates three core components: a detailed subsurface investigation using Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) and Cone Penetration Tests (CPTu), numerical slope stability modeling via GEO-5 software, and the implementation of a real-time monitoring network using Vibrating Wire Piezometers (VWPs). Initial field characterization identified the prevalence of "clayey gravel with sand and silty sand" strata, providing the baseline parameters for stability analysis. Numerical results confirmed a robust Factor of Safety (FoS) of 2.08 for the facility’s northern wall. To validate these findings under fluctuating climatic conditions, a network of five VWPs was strategically installed to monitor dynamic porewater pressures. This paper details the rigorous data processing methodologies employed, including temperature and barometric corrections using both linear and second-order polynomial equations. By correlating in-situ shear strength with real-time pressure readings, the study demonstrates how proactive monitoring verifies the operational safety thresholds established during the design phase. This integrated approach provides a replicable framework for the management of critical mining infrastructure in similar tropical geological contexts, ensuring ongoing vigilance and structural integrity throughout the facility’s service life.
Gea Aira Fernandez, Gordon Fraser, Jr. D. Stephen, Judie L. Velasco, Junaid U. Alap, Renelyn O. Malaran
Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health concern, prompting the continued search for safe and effective natural agents capable of regulating postprandial hyperglycemia. This study evaluated the anti-diabetic potential of Hydrocotyle umbellata (Takip-Kohol) through in vitro α-amylase inhibition assays, complemented by molecular docking and in silico ADMET analysis to elucidate possible mechanisms and drug-likeness properties. An ethanolic crude extract of H. umbellata leaves was prepared via maceration followed by rotary evaporation and assessed at three dilution concentrations (1:2, 1:5, and 1:10 v/v), with all assays performed in triplicate to ensure reproducibility. The inhibitory activity against salivary α-amylase was quantitatively measured, and corresponding IC₅₀ values were determined.
Hamizah Liyana Tajul Ariffin, Low Kee Liang, Noor Wahidah Binti Yazid, Norhazren Izatie Mohd, Nur Fatiha Binti Zamri, Nurul Awadah Binti Zazali, Shee Yuan Chang
Pre-tender cost estimation in Malaysian Quantity Surveying (QS) firms continues to rely heavily on manual 2D quantity take-off and spreadsheet-based pricing, resulting in fragmented data, repetitive work, and reduced cost reliability. Despite the availability of BIM tools and digital platforms, existing practices lack an integrated workflow that links automated quantity measurement with live, centralized pricing during the pre-tender stage. This study addresses this gap by proposing an integrated digital workflow that combines BIM-based automated measurement using Glodon software with real-time pricing visualization through Google Looker Studio. The research adopts a system development and workflow analysis approach, in which the proposed system is conceptually designed and demonstrated based on identified limitations in current QS practices, supported by the literature. The system has not been tested on a live project but has been evaluated through functional comparison and process mapping. The proposed workflow demonstrates potential improvements in coordination, reduction of repetitive manual tasks, and enhanced reliability of pre-tender cost information, offering a QS-focused contribution to digital cost management practice
Mohd Zulkhairi Abd Hamid, Muhamad Khairul Anuar Zulkepli
Arabic rhetoric, which is referred to as balaghah, is one of the key components in the achievement of mastery in the use of advanced forms of the Arabic language and is considered an effective tool in the interpretation of classical discourse, such as the discourse of the Qur'an and classical literature. At the moment, the transfer of knowledge in the field of balaghah is primarily based on traditional forms of instruction that focus on textbook-oriented learning and lecturing. This often leads to the perplexity of learners in the face of the abstract nature of rhetoric and the complexity of the language. This, in turn, affects the learners’ motivation as well as their ability to apply the principles of rhetoric in their daily communication. Within this context, the current study seeks to utilize the perspective of the digital revolution in the learning process in order to explore the possibility of using digital visual learning tools in the instruction of Arabic rhetoric. The study aims to develop a conceptual framework for the development of the "Digital Balaghah Visual Module (DBVM)" that could play an effective role in the improvement of the instruction of balaghah. The study is of a conceptual nature and relies on the findings of prior studies in the domain of digital learning, including the use of visual learning tools in language instruction. In this regard, the study seeks to incorporate the "Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning" and other learning models of learners. The findings of the study reveal the possibility of using visual multimedia tools in the instruction of balaghah, which could lead to the development of deeper understanding of the subject matter and learners’ engagement. The study seeks to develop a conceptual framework for the use of digital visual learning tools in the instruction of balaghah, which could serve as an effective instrument in the modernization of the instruction of balaghah. This study combines the traditional forms of balaghah with the use of modern digital tools in instruction, which could be of value for the development of the study in terms of its theoretical and practical contribution. This study could serve as a framework for developing an effective modality of instruction in the field of balaghah within the digital learning environment of the 21st century.
John Mart Elesio, EdD, Via Mae A. Apostol, MAEd
The integration of technology into teaching and learning is a challenge. This phenomenological study explored the experiences of 10 junior and senior high school science teachers in Davao Oriental regarding technology integration in pedagogy and lesson content. Through interviews and focus group discussions, we identified two emerging themes: enhanced pedagogical confidence and inclusive, engaging digital instruction, each with corresponding sub-themes. The mediating effect of these themes on the correlation between technology and pedagogical and lesson content may be pursued. Schools may create an environment that provides opportunities for inclusive technology integration.
Akomolehin Francis Olugbenga, Aluko Olufemi Rufus, Famoroti Jonathan Olusegun, Ibukun Felix Olusegun
This study investigates the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure on financial performance among quoted Nigerian manufacturing firms. Using panel data from ten firms over the 2013–2022 period, the study employs pooled, fixed-effects, and random-effects regression techniques to examine the relationship between CSR spending and Profit After Tax (PAT), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE). The findings reveal a positive but statistically insignificant association between CSR expenditure and financial performance indicators. Qualitative analysis of CSR disclosures suggests that CSR practices are largely philanthropic and weakly integrated into core operational strategy, potentially explaining the limited financial impact. The study further identifies sectoral differences between consumer and industrial goods firms, emphasizing the contextual nature of CSR effectiveness. The results highlight the need for strategically aligned, industry-specific CSR initiatives to enhance financial outcomes.
Faradila Mohamed Yusoff, Siti Suhana Judi, Zulhabri Ismail
Realism as a noun or realistic as an adjective bring the same definition of referring to the artistic, literary or practical approach of representing life, subjects or situations accurately and objectively as they appear in reality, often without exaggeration. It signifies a focus on truth, practicality and daily life. The realism of interior design is crucial and foundational to its relationship with the Malaysian construction industry. It transforms an abstract creative vision into a detailed, buildable, legally compliant, and financially viable set of instructions. Without realism, a design is essentially a beautiful piece of art that cannot be executed, leading to costly delays and project failure. In construction, time is money. Realism directly impacts the project timeline. Realistic design is the primary tool for managing project risk, which is paramount in the construction sector. An unrealistic design often ignores the actual cost of specialized materials, custom fabrication, or labour-intensive installation methods. A realistic design, developed with input from cost estimators, provides an accurate Bill of Quantities, preventing unexpected budget overruns. A design that violates building codes, fire codes, or accessibility standards (e.g., ADA) is not just unrealistic; it's illegal. The objective of this study is to establish the realism of interior design in relation to Malaysian construction industry and the importance of understanding the reality of Interior Design Scope of Work Details (IDSoWD) in a way to manage and complete the works realistically on time, without or with minimising delays. This study shows strong analysis on the perception of realism in interior design works. In essence, realism is the professional competency that separates a conceptual artist from an interior design professional. It ensures the construction industry can execute the design with efficiency, costcertainty, and compliance, transforming the design into a tangible, high-quality finished space. Realistic designs account for the practical lead times of materials and the duration of specialized trades. It is expected that this study can help more studies that will be done in the future. This realism consciousness in interior design should be awakening to all related project team members in ID construction industry, whereby the earlier involvement of interior designer in any project, by coordinating the related scope of works meticulously and avoiding re-work and re-do repeatedly during the construction period, saving more time and cost.
Julhasri Norsalim, Nur Jannah Azman
This study investigates the effectiveness of gamification in enhancing secondary school students’ interest and engagement in science learning. Gamification refers to an instructional approach that incorporates game elements, such as points, badges, and leaderboards, to enhance learners’ motivation and promote active participation. This study addresses the common issue of student disengagement in science education by examining how gamified learning strategies influence students’ involvement in the classroom. The primary objectives of the study are to examine students’ perceptions of gamification, compare engagement levels between male and female students, and analyze the relationship between the level of gamification and student engagement. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected through surveys administered to Form 4 science stream students at SMK Shah Alam. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to interpret the data and identify significant patterns and relationships. Preliminary findings indicate that students generally have positive perceptions of gamification, suggesting that it is a well-accepted instructional approach. The results also reveal a positive correlation between the use of gamification and student engagement, indicating that higher levels of gamified elements are associated with increased student involvement in learning activities. In addition, the findings suggest no significant differences in engagement levels between male and female students. This study has important implications for educational practices and policy development, highlighting the potential of gamification to create more interactive and engaging science learning environments. To better understand the long-term effects of gamification on student engagement and academic achievement, future studies should adopt mixed-method approaches, employ longitudinal research designs, and examine its implementation across diverse educational contexts
Alp-J L. Punayan, Andrei Nicolas S. Gingone, Angel R. Montes, Apple Jade I. Lopez, Jessa Mae D. Manguilimutan, Keziah Lhyz A. Vinluan, Lyka A. Catulong, Noli P. Julosan
This study examined the relationship between personal hygiene practices and parental motivation and self-confidence among senior high school students. Specifically, it aimed to determine the levels of personal hygiene practices, parental motivation, and students’ self-confidence. A quantitative correlational research design was employed, involving 142 senior high school students of Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the weighted average and Pearson’s r. The findings revealed that both personal hygiene practices and parental motivation are significantly related to students’ self-confidence. Moreover, the combined influence of personal hygiene practices and parental motivation was found to be statistically significant, leading to rejection of the null hypothesis.
D.M.M.S Dissanayake, U.R.D.I Rathnayaka
This action research investigates the effectiveness of peer feedback and teacher-provided verbal feedback in enhancing paragraph writing proficiency among secondary level English as a Second Language (ESL) learners. Writing is a critical yet challenging skill for ESL learners, and effective feedback plays a key role in developing this skill. Over two months, 20 students participated in paragraph writing activities, classroom observations, and interviews to examine the impact of structured peer and teacher feedback on their writing and perceptions. Findings revealed that combining these strategies significantly improved students’ writing, as reflected in higher posttest scores. Students also reported increased motivation, confidence, and autonomy. Peer feedback fostered collaboration and critical thinking, while teacher feedback provided clear guidance for improvement. However, challenges such as perceived judgment and lack of trust in peer feedback were noted, with possible mitigation through structured support. These insights contribute to ESL education by offering a foundation for future research and practice in improving writing instructions. Overall, integrating peer and teacher feedback enhances linguistic proficiency, learner independence, and interactive learning in ESL writing classrooms.
Risper A. Awuor, Samuel Ngilinshuti
Marital discord is an increasing challenge in contemporary Christian families, despite religious teachings that promote unity, love, and mutual respect in marriage. This qualitative study investigated the causes of frequent discord between spouses in contemporary Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Christian families in the Rwanda Union Mission. The research aimed to: (1) identify the primary causes of discord between spouses in SDA Christian families in Rwanda; (2) evaluate how changes in spiritual commitment and religious devotion over time contribute to marital conflict (3) examine strategies that the Rwanda Union Mission can implement to reduce discord among Christian couples. Data were collected through interviews with SDA couples within Rwanda Union Mission as participants. The findings revealed that the main causes of marital discord include financial stress, miscommunication, differences in spiritual maturity, and evolving gender roles. Additionally, a decline in spiritual commitment, characterized by reduced participation in church activities and inconsistent family worship, exacerbates marital tensions. Couples who drift away from religious practices often experience increased misunderstandings and emotional disconnection. The strategies to address these issues include promoting regular family worship, strengthening premarital counselling, offering spiritual retreats for couples, and encouraging open communication on matters of faith and family life.
Ayokunle A Akinmoladun, Olutope Adeniyi Adewole
This study looked into home solid waste collection and management in specific residential districts in Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria. The goal was to measure waste generation patterns, evaluate collection efficiency, and compare household practices and satisfaction across various residential typologies. A cross-sectional survey design was used, with a structured questionnaire distributed to 420 households purposefully chosen from high-income (Asokoro), middle-income (Gwarinpa), and low-income (Kubwa) neighbourhoods. The results showed a hybrid collecting system dominated by private providers (31.2%), the governmental agency AEPB (26.0%), and informal collectors (25.2%). treatment quality and household satisfaction differed greatly, with high-income, gated estates obtaining more consistent treatment. Organic waste was the greatest component (40.2%), and while 62.3% of households separated waste, this was heavily influenced by residential type and service reliability. The study concludes that structural fragmentation and spatial inequalities, rather than household unwillingness, are the main constraints. It recommends a diversified service model, formal integration of the informal sector, and investment in organic waste diversion programs to improve the system's efficiency and equity.
Alex Ayoyi, Dr. Yassin Kuso Ghabon
Electricity Open Access refers to allowing access to electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure non-discriminatorily- to both consumers, distributors and generators. The intention is to open up competition in electricity sector’s retail and generation alike. Developed economies like the European Union member states, United States, and some parts of Australia have implemented different Open Access models and they have both experienced mixed outcomes in the process. This paper interrogates the regulatory and institutional readiness of Kenya’s framework. The underlying regulatory, legal, and institutional environments- with respect to Electricity Open Access readiness, are explored and correlated to the Open Access models in select developed economies. This includes appreciation of the historical evolutions that have seen Kenya’s unbundling of the electricity sector over the past three decades. The conceptual framework utilized in the study establishes the outcomes of open access initiatives in the sector as the variable that is dependent on interactions between market infrastructure capacity, institutional arrangements, and legal provisions. External feedback into the relationships is derived from analysis of other jurisdictions- borrowing from the theoretical frameworks of regulatory governance, new institutional economics, and electricity markets design.
Ahmad Aminuddin Soopar, Ilham Alia Mat Isa, Mohd Rafie Suhaimi, Nadiah Hanim Abdul Wahab, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Noor Shariena Zaraini
This study examines how three forms of reading anxiety; top‑down, bottom‑up, and classroom‑based influence learners’ academic reading across disciplines. Using a quantitative survey, data were collected through a five‑point Likert‑scale instrument adapted from Miao and Vibulphol (2020) and Zoghi (2012) to measure the relationships among these anxiety types. The respondents comprised 230 university‑level students enrolled in an academic reading course at a Malaysian public university. The findings show that learners experienced the highest anxiety when identifying main ideas and interpreting overall meaning, while expressing personal responses generated comparatively lower anxiety. Vocabulary difficulty and grammatical complexity emerged as substantial contributors to bottom‑up anxiety, and interactive or evaluative classroom tasks intensified classroom reading anxiety. Strong positive relationships were observed among all anxiety dimensions, whereas no significant disciplinary differences appeared, indicating similar anxiety patterns across fields. The results support the view that reading depends on coordinated top‑down and bottom‑up processing and that anxiety disrupts this interaction, particularly when readers struggle with global comprehension or linguistic decoding. Consistent with Attentional Control Theory (ACT), anxiety appears to redirect attention toward perceived difficulties. These findings suggest the need for instruction that strengthens background‑knowledge activation, enhances vocabulary and grammar support, and incorporates low‑pressure classroom practices to reduce reading anxiety across disciplines as strong correlation among anxiety types were shown.
Ahmad Bazli Ahmad Hilmi, Ahmad Fuad Mohamad Amin, Mohd Arubi Ismail, Mohd Zamrus Mohd Ali, Musa Mohamad
This conceptual paper develops the Islamic Tri-Intelligence Framework (IQ–EQ–SQ) as a holistic model for strengthening the character development of Muslim gifted and talented students. Existing Western gifted education models remain predominantly cognitive-oriented and often neglect emotional and spiritual dimensions, creating a significant gap between intellectual excellence and students’ psychological well-being. By synthesising contemporary psychological research and Islamic epistemology, this study explains the integrative interaction between three core domains: intellectual intelligence (‘aql), emotional intelligence (nafs), and spiritual intelligence (qalb). The theoretical analysis reveals that SQ serves as the central regulating component that guides both EQ and IQ, ensuring value alignment, emotional stability, and moral integrity among gifted learners. The proposed framework offers a comprehensive foundation for curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment reforms in Islamic gifted education. It also provides avenues for future empirical research on Islamic intelligence measurement tools and education interventions grounded in spiritual–emotional–cognitive integration.
Kialee Nyiayaana, Oji Nyimenuate Ngofa
This study examined the divergence between juridical sovereignty and substantive autonomy in contemporary African statehood. Although African states possessed durable legal recognition, territorial integrity, and formal equality within international society, their capacity for independent economic, strategic, and institutional agency remained uneven. Drawing on dependency theory, the study analyzed how structural incorporation into the global political economy conditioned the exercise of sovereignty beyond its juridical form. A qualitative comparative case study design was employed, focusing on Nigeria, Burkina Faso, and Ethiopia. Data were drawn from scholarly literature, policy documents, and institutional reports and were analyzed through a structured thematic framework centered on economic structure, institutional capacity, security dynamics, and sovereign identity. The findings revealed that juridical sovereignty across the cases remained stable and internationally protected, yet substantive autonomy was mediated by commodity dependence, fiscal vulnerability, security interdependence, and internal identity fragmentation. Economic structures limited policy flexibility, security partnerships reflected relational rather than absolute autonomy, and fragmented domestic cohesion weakened institutional consolidation. While states engaged in strategic diplomatic repositioning and regional initiatives to expand bargaining space, these efforts operated within enduring structural constraints. The study concluded that African sovereignty functioned as a layered construct rather than a binary condition. Legal recognition persisted, but material autonomy required alignment across economic resilience, institutional strength, and cohesive sovereign identity. By refining dependency theory to incorporate security and digital interdependence, the study contributed to international relations scholarship through a multidimensional reconceptualization of sovereignty within global hierarchies.
Asidero, Norjanna B., Cutillas, Princess Joy, Lansang, Althea Precille G., Lumagbas, Cyrus Ken A., Nouli P. Julosan, Palermo, Maclyn S., Pena, Angel Jean M., Resaba, Precious Gayle B., Soriano, Nicole L., Villar, Wishmea D.
Globally, food choices and preferences are changing in ways that are detrimental to mental and physical health (Clark et al., 2019). Senior high school students in Asia suffer from obesity and habitually consume unhealthy foods, which are influenced by family factors such as parental education, parenting style, and socioeconomic status (Shing, 2020). Similar to this, Palestine is facing a serious health issue as a result of open food markets and the adoption of Western lifestyles, which have resulted in concerning rates of metabolic syndrome (33%) and obesity (65.3%) (Duran et al., 2021).
Amadi-Roberts Ekele, Collins A. Ordu, Ekemini Wobo, Ezeifeh Victor Tochukwu, Muo Marvis Somtochukwu, Obidinma-Igwe Avwerosuoghene Progress
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects approximately 1 billion adults globally, yet remains underdiagnosed, particularly in resource-limited settings. Physician knowledge and practice patterns are critical determinants of detection rates. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of physicians regarding OSA in two tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 73 physicians at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital between April and September 2025. A Structured Questionnaire assessed OSA knowledge (symptoms, risk factors, diagnostics), attitudes toward screening, and clinical practice patterns. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for analysis. Results: Among 73 respondents (General Practice 31.5%, Internal Medicine 24.7%, other specialties. 43.8%), 95.9% had heard of OSA, but only 63.0% correctly identified polysomnography as the gold standard diagnostic test. While 60.3% rated their awareness as Good or better, only 16.4% received formal OSA training, and merely 6.8% felt adequately trained to manage OSA patients. Despite this, 84.9% expressed interest in continuing medical education (CME). Only 28.8% routinely or occasionally screened for OSA, and 35.6% had ever made an OSA diagnosis. The predominant challenges were lack of patient awareness (31.5%), limited access to sleep laboratories (26.0%), and lack of physician training (24.7%). Notably, 82.2% believed OSA is underdiagnosed, and 87.7% considered screening Very or Extremely important. Conclusion: Significant knowledge-practice gaps. exist among physicians regarding OSA. While awareness is moderate, formal training is severely lacking, resulting in suboptimal screening and diagnostic practices. The high interest in CME suggests that structured educational interventions could substantially improve OSA detection and management in similar settings.
Ronnel Misperos
This study explored the availability of laboratory resources, the implementation of instructional strategies, and their relationship to learners’ academic performance in the Calamba District of Calamba, Misamis Occidental. A descriptive correlational research design was employed with 120 public elementary and secondary school teachers. Data were gathered using a structured research instrument, and descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, assessed levels of resource availability and instructional strategy implementation. Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (Pearson r) was used to examine relationships between the independent variables and learners’ academic performance. Findings revealed that teachers perceived laboratory resources as highly available and reported consistently high implementation of instructional strategies. Learners’ academic performance was generally above average. However, no significant relationships were found between laboratory resource availability or instructional strategy implementation and learners’ academic outcomes. The study concludes that while schools provide ample resources and effective teaching strategies, these factors alone do not directly determine academic performance, highlighting the need for complementary student engagement and support mechanisms. School administrators and teachers may collaboratively maintain laboratory resources, strengthen instructional practices, and support learners through targeted interventions, while future studies explore how effective resource use and teaching strategies impact academic performance.
Amanullah Jamalzai
Afghanistan's multilingual landscape, encompassing over forty languages, has been profoundly shaped by successive political regimes that have deployed language policy as a tool of power rather than a mechanism for social cohesion. This article examines how historical and contemporary language policies in Afghanistan have influenced intercultural communication, social integration, and national identity formation across diverse ethnolinguistic communities. Drawing on Spolsky's (2004) tripartite framework of language practices, beliefs, and management—supplemented by Bourdieu's concept of symbolic power, translanguaging theory, and critical discourse analysis—the study employs a mixed-methods design incorporating surveys (n=50) and semi-structured interviews (n=10) conducted across five major Afghan cities. The survey sample comprised 54% male and 46% female respondents, with a mean age of 27.8 years (range: 18–45), drawn from seven ethnolinguistic communities through stratified random sampling. Findings reveal that only 22% of respondents expressed satisfaction with current language policies, while 34% reported experiencing language-based discrimination. Although 68% of participants engage frequently in intercultural interaction, 42% identified language policy as a barrier to cross-ethnic relationship building. An overwhelming 82% supported the implementation of bilingual education as a reform measure. The analysis traces policy shifts from the Monarchy through the Taliban resurgence of 2021, demonstrating how each regime's linguistic decisions deepened ethnolinguistic tensions and marginalized minority language communities. The article contributes empirically grounded evidence that extends Spolsky's framework by illustrating the active, coercive dimension of language management—and calls for evidence-based policy reforms including institutionalized bilingual education, legal protections for minority languages, and community-centred governance to foster inclusive intercultural communication and durable social peace in Afghanistan.
Pablo L. Eulatic Jr., Shiela Mae V. Zolina
This study examined the relationship between shared leadership and governance among school heads and the performance of teachers in the ten Junior High Schools. The study utilized a descriptive-correlational design with 159 teacher respondents selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. The Distributed Leadership Readiness Scale (DLRS) was used to measure shared leadership and governance, while the IPCRF ratings determined teachers’ performance. Data were analyzed using weighted mean, percentage, Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient, and t-test. Findings revealed that the level of shared leadership and governance among school heads was high. The teachers’ performance was rated outstanding. However, there was no significant relationship between shared leadership and governance and teachers’ performance, indicating that while collaborative leadership was evident, it may not directly affect performance outcomes. No significant differences were also found when grouped according to sex, highest degree attained, and plantilla position. The study concludes that shared leadership remains vital in fostering collaboration, empowerment, and a positive school culture. A development plan was proposed to strengthen participatory leadership practices among school heads and teachers.
Deborah Julius Agwu
This study focuses on leadership and reward practices as determinants of effective service delivery by academic staff in South-East universities in Nigeria. This study specifically examined the relationship that exists among leadership, reward, and effective service delivery of academic staff in state universities in South-East Nigeria. Two research questions posed and two null hypotheses formulated guided the study. A correlational survey research design was used. The population of the study was 1972 academic staff, and the sample was 332 drawn using multi stage sampling technique. Three researcher designed questionnaires titled “Leadership Practice Questionnaire (LPQ)”, “Reward Practice (RP)”, and “Service Delivery Questionnaire (SDQ)” were validated and used for data collection. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC), and Linear Regression model were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that a strong positive relationship exists between leadership practice and effective service delivery of academic staff in state universities; a moderate positive relationship exists between reward practice and effective service delivery of academic staff in state universities. More so, a significant relationship exists between leadership practice and effective service delivery of academic staff in state universities; a significant relationship exists between reward practice and effective service delivery of academic staff in state universities. It was recommended that universities ought to implement meritocratic and competency-based criteria for leadership appointments. This is because leadership quality directly impacts service delivery.
Shanika Madurangi Bopitiya
This study investigates the impact of school principals' transformational and instructional leadership styles on academic performance in Sri Lanka. School leadership is essential for increasing teacher effectiveness, student learning, and overall school quality, particularly in a highly centralized education system. The study uses a qualitative research approach and draws on secondary data from academic journal articles, research papers, and prior empirical studies on school leadership. A qualitative content analysis was utilised to uncover main themes regarding how leadership styles affect teacher motivation, school culture, instructional methods, and student accomplishment. According to the findings, transformational leadership improves teacher commitment, cooperation, and school culture by fostering shared vision, innovation, and ethical behaviours. Through monitoring, professional development, and curricular support, instructional leadership improves teaching quality and student academic success. However, many principals struggle to enact instructional leadership due to administrative overload and limited professional preparation, highlighting the need to strengthen leadership development to improve school performance in Sri Lanka.
Abu Bakar Mohd Sheikh, Mohamad Ziyad Mohd Lazim
This mixed-methods study explores the leadership practices and challenges encountered by secondary school administrators in implementing drug prevention education in Terengganu, Malaysia. Drawing on Kotter’s Change Management Model, the research utilizes quantitative surveys (n=130) and qualitative interviews (n=23) to evaluate administrator engagement, program strategies, and obstacles to effective prevention. Notably, the results demonstrate that administrators perform strongly in student engagement, program monitoring, resource allocation, and fostering community partnerships. However, staff training emerges as an area in need of further development. To address these gaps, administrators are integrating prevention into the curriculum, building partnerships with agencies and parents, and empowering students to act as peer educators. Furthermore, thematic analysis indicates that successful implementation is driven by holistic, collaborative, and student-centered approaches. Although structured management frameworks contribute to program sustainability, the study acknowledges limitations, including resource constraints and the use of self-reported data. Therefore, it is recommended that schools enhance professional development for staff, broaden stakeholder participation, and implement innovative strategies to strengthen drug prevention efforts. Overall, these actionable findings not only inform policy and practice but also support the creation of safer and healthier school environments through sustained and inclusive prevention initiatives.
Annie Marmol-Dado, EDD, Joy Z. Nagera
This study determined the leadership practices of school heads and the level of stakeholders’ commitment in the delivery of school services in public elementary schools in Jose Panganiban West and East Districts, Division of Camarines Norte. Specifically, it determined leadership practices in planning and implementation, policy implementation and review, learning environment, learner discipline, management of relationships and school organizations, communication, rewards and recognition, and community engagement; determined stakeholders’ commitment across these areas; analyzed differences in commitment among stakeholder groups; identified challenges; and proposed interventions. Using a quantitative descriptive-comparative design, data were gathered from 16 school heads, 16 faculty presidents, 14 PTA presidents, and 12 Committee on Education chairpersons. Results showed that school heads demonstrated strong leadership in planning, policy implementation, communication, learning environment management, and community involvement. However, gaps were noted in collaboration, stakeholder engagement, community empowerment, performance evaluation, and recognition mechanisms. Teachers exhibited consistently high commitment across all areas, parents showed moderate to high commitment, while Committee on Education chairpersons demonstrated limited involvement, particularly in planning, policy understanding, and communication. Significant differences in stakeholder commitment were found across all areas (p < .01), with notable variations in planning, policy implementation, learning environment, and learner discipline. Key challenges included limited stakeholder participation in policy review, low community involvement, weak partnerships, and insufficient empowerment. An Action Plan was developed to strengthen leadership practices, enhance stakeholder commitment, and improve collaboration, communication, and community engagement, contributing to more effective and inclusive school service delivery.
Sonia S. Carbonell, Phd, Vin David P. Clarete
This study determined the relationship of leadership practices of department heads and its support to faculty development in Mabini Colleges, Inc. Using a quantitative method, descriptive-correlational research design, data were gathered through a survey questionnaire and analyzed thematically using SPSS software. Findings revealed that department heads consistently implement leadership practices along planning, organizing, leading, and monitoring. Faculty members also possess a high degree of skills in the level of their development along competence, evaluation result, trainings and seminars, and professional advancement. A significant relationship was found between leadership practices of department heads in academic administration along planning, organizing, leading, and monitoring and the level of faculty development along competence, evaluation results, trainings and seminars, and professional advancement. Faculty members rarely encounter challenges in support to their development. A negative but statistically significant correlations was found between faculty development and the challenges encountered by the respondents. Additionally, Project LEADGROW or Leadership Empowered Advancement, Development for Growth and Resources Organizational Wellness was proposed as an intervention. The study concludes that department heads consistently employ leadership practices along the variables and faculty members also possess a high level of development along the variables. Based on these findings, recommendations include monitoring and feedback practices, mentoring or coaching, participation in professional development, allocation of budget and resources, establishment of formal institutional policies, implementation of Project LEAD-GROW, and further research to a wider scope such as student outcomes and institutional performance.
Badaruddin Ibrahim, Noor Faizah Idris
School leadership is widely recognized as the most significant school-level organizational factor after classroom teaching in influencing student learning. Aligned with the aspirations of the Malaysian Education Blueprint 2013–2025, this study evaluates exemplary principal leadership practices using the Successful School Leadership (SSL) framework and examines the reliability of the Successful School Leadership Survey (SSLS) in the context of Pahang state secondary schools. This quantitative survey involved three national secondary schools selected through purposive sampling based on exemplary principal criteria, including recent excellence awards, consistent top-quartile academic performance, and State Education Department recommendations. Respondents comprised 152 teachers (98.1% response rate) from two urban schools and one rural school. The teacher version of SSLS (22 items across four domains: Setting Directions, Building Relationships and Developing People, (Re)Designing the Organization, and Improving the Instructional Program) was administered using a five-point Likert scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, one-way ANOVA with Games-Howell post hoc comparisons, and independent samples t-tests (Welch), with Cohen's d effect sizes reported. Findings indicated that exemplary principal leadership practices were rated highly (M = 4.40, SD = 0.56), with Setting Directions recording the highest mean (M = 4.46). The SSLS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (overall α = .977; domain α = .904-.943). Comparative analyses revealed significant differences across schools (all p < .001), with rural schools reporting higher scores than urban schools across all domains with large effect sizes (d = 0.70–0.86). These findings provide strong reliability evidence supporting the use of SSLS in the Malaysian context and offer practical implications for leadership development and benchmarking exemplary leadership practices across diverse school contexts. However, findings should be interpreted within the context of three purposively selected schools and require replication using larger and more diverse samples.
Daniel Hoshen Eugene, Ladi Sule Matinja, Nduka Raphael Chionyedue, Nduka Uche Laura
This study examines leadership style and employee motivation in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Nigeria, with a focus on identifying the dominant leadership style, key factors influencing employee motivation, and challenges affecting leadership performance. A mixed methods research design was adopted, integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from 272 staff members across eight departments of AMAC using structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with departmental heads. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were employed for quantitative data, while qualitative responses were analyzed thematically. Findings reveal that delegation (laissez-faire) and participative (democratic) leadership styles are the most dominant in AMAC, while autocratic leadership is minimally practiced. Employee motivation is significantly influenced by leadership behaviors such as inclusion in decision-making, recognition, transparency, and support. However, major challenges undermining leadership effectiveness and employee motivation include corruption, workers’ exclusion, ethnic and religious sentiment, and weak accountability systems. The study concludes that leadership style is a critical determinant of employee motivation and institutional performance in local government administration. It recommends improving leadership style toward a more transformational approach, timely financial obligations, career progression, and the adoption of ethical, participative, and employee-centered leadership practices to enhance employee motivation and improve service delivery in AMAC. The study contributes to public administration and leadership literature by providing empirical evidence from a Nigerian local government context.
Ailyn C. Eco, Corazon S. Fajardo
This study determined the leadership styles of school administrators in relation to the educational challenges encountered in the Jose Panganiban District, Schools Division of Camarines Norte. The study employed a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design using a structured survey questionnaire consisting of two parts: Part I measured the leadership styles practiced by school administrators with indicators adopted from the leadership theories of Bass (1985), Hersey and Blanchard (1969), and Kouzes and Posner (1987), while Part II measured the educational challenges encountered in terms of human relations, communication, student-related concerns, and fiscal management using researcher-developed indicators. The respondents were 29 school administrators and 312 teachers. Findings revealed that school administrators demonstrated strong and flexible leadership practices, with transformational leadership obtaining the highest weighted mean of 3.86, followed by democratic leadership with 3.85. In terms of educational challenges, student-related concerns were frequently encountered by teachers obtaining a weighted mean of 2.55, while school administrators rated them lower obtaining 2.23, interpreted as rarely encountered. Correlation analysis showed that leadership styles were significantly related to most educational challenges as perceived by teachers, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis, while no significant relationship was found from the perspective of school administrators, resulting in the failure to reject the null hypothesis. The study concludes that although strong leadership practices were observed, student-related concerns remain a major challenge requiring a more systematic and coordinated intervention, leading to the development of the Teach-Lead Resolve Activities: Strengthening Teacher Leadership in Managing Student Concerns, which utilizes the Student Case Management and Response Journal for Teachers to support early identification, consistent documentation, and coordinated monitoring of student cases.
Fatimah Az-Zahra Zulkifly, Nazri Atoh
In the context of 21st-century education, the overemphasis on outcome-based achievement, technical skills, and graduate employability has raised concerns regarding the neglect of holistic human development. In response, this study explores the work Hayy Ibn Yaqzan, which provides an early depiction of self-directed learning that evolves naturally through experience, reflection, and the exercise of reason. Nevertheless, this work remains under-scrutinized within specific educational discourse. This study employs a library research approach through content analysis, utilizing Hayy Ibn Yaqzan as the primary text, supported by secondary sources such as journal articles and academic books pertaining to self-directed learning. The data were analyzed thematically to identify the developmental phases of the protagonist Hayy’s self-directed learning. The findings demonstrate that Hayy’s self-directed learning progresses incrementally, beginning with sensory learning, followed by experimentation and early reasoning, profound reflection and the quest for meaning, and finally, validation within a social context through interactions with Absal and society. This study argues that self-directed learning in Hayy Ibn Yaqzan is not merely a learning strategy, but a holistic educational process that integrates experience, reflection, ethics, and the search for meaning. This model offers an alternative understanding of self-directed learning that is more balanced and grounded in the innate human disposition (fitrah) within the framework of modern education.
Dr. B. Umesh Kumar Sharma
Inclusive education remains a central priority in India’s educational reform agenda, particularly in light of the Right to Education Act (2009) and Sustainable Development Goal 4, which emphasize equitable and quality education for all. Despite policy commitments, many primary school children continue to experience persistent learning difficulties, particularly in foundational academic domains such as reading, writing, and mathematics. The present study investigates the nature and extent of learning difficulties among primary school children identified with learning problems in Assam and Manipur. A quantitative descriptive research design was adopted. Eighty-four students from Classes I to V were assessed using a researcher-developed tool aligned with NCERT textbooks and grade-level learning outcomes. A three-point scoring system was used to categorize responses: unable to answer, able to answer with support, and answered appropriately. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to identify grade-wise and gender-wise trends. The findings indicate that learning difficulties increase with grade progression, with Class V students demonstrating the highest difficulty in reading (50.65%) and writing (49.67%), while mathematics difficulty peaked in Classes IV (50.81%) and V (50.23%). Girls demonstrated slightly higher difficulty levels across domains compared to boys. The study highlights the urgent need for early identification, structured remediation, and inclusive pedagogical practices at the primary level.
Angelou N. Arnado, Blaise P. Mendoza, Don Karl S. Yonson, Hazel Mae C. Llorente, John Mark B. Lazaro
Good learning skills are essential for any student aiming to achieve academic success and have a major impact on their overall performance. This study aims to determine the relationship between learning skills and academic achievement among working students at Santo Tomas Davao Del Norte. Data were gathered from 311 working students using a stratified random sampling technique. This study utilized a quantitative non-experimental research design through a descriptive correlational approach. The study employed adapted instruments that were rigorously validated for accuracy and relevance. The statistical tools used in this study were mean and pearson r. Results revealed that learning skills, including time management, communication skills, IT skills, problem solving skills, teamwork skills, and self-evaluation skills, were oftentimes manifested at a high level. The academic achievement of working students, measured by their General Weighted Average (GWA), was found to be very high. A positive, weak, and statistically significant correlation was observed between learning skills and academic achievement. This implies that strong learning skills positively influence academic performance, enabling working students to effectively balance their academic and professional responsibilities. The findings suggest that enhancing learning skills can lead to improved academic outcomes for working students.
Ahmad Shakani Abdullah, Dean Nelson Mojolou, Faerozh Madli, Helmina Thomas
This case study examines the post pandemic recovery challenges faced by Malaysia Airlines Berhad, with a specific focus on the relationship between organizational learning, reward system alignment, workforce performance, and service reliability. Despite recovering passenger demand and government backed restructuring, the airline experienced declining productivity, increasing delays, rising operating costs, and inconsistent service quality during its rapid operational scale up in late 2023 and early 2024. The analysis highlights how accelerated rehiring, fleet reactivation, and network expansion exposed weaknesses in learning transfer and incentive structures across operational units. Drawing on established organizational learning and airline management literature, the study demonstrates that workforce performance variability was closely linked to uneven knowledge application, limited accountability, and misaligned reward systems. Operational units with stronger learning integration achieved higher productivity and service consistency, while others faced workflow disruptions and inefficiencies. These performance gaps translated into service reliability issues, cost escalation, and reputational risk, undermining customer trust and financial recovery prospects. The findings underscore the strategic implications of these challenges for long term sustainability and competitiveness. Persistent service inconsistency weakens brand equity and market positioning in a highly competitive Southeast Asian aviation market. More critically, insufficient alignment between learning practices, incentives, and operational processes reduces organizational resilience and limits the airline’s capacity to respond to future disruptions. The study concludes that successful recovery in complex service organizations such as airlines requires more than capacity restoration. It requires deliberate integration of organizational learning, aligned reward systems, and standardized operational processes. For Malaysia Airlines Berhad, leadership decisions regarding human capital development and performance alignment will be decisive in transforming post pandemic recovery into durable competitive capability.
C. Julian
The main objective of this study was to assess the level of attitude towards mathematics of grade 11 students of Bintawan National High School. This study also included determining the mean differences on the students’ level of attitude towards mathematics when they were grouped according to sex and strand. Moreover, it also looked into the influence of sex and strand to the students’ level of attitude towards mathematics. The research method was quantitative and utilized descriptive, comparative, and correlational design. The instrument used in this study was a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire adopted from a previous study. The statistical methods used to answer the descriptive questions included frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Meanwhile, the inferential questions were analyzed using a t-test for independence, one-way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. The result showed that the overall mean level of agreement of the respondents is neutral (mean=3.19, s = .243), this means that the students reflect a combination of positive and negative emotions toward the subject. Among the four domains, the highest mean level of agreement was on factor 2, Value of Mathematics, while the lowest was on factor 1, Self-confidence in mathematics. Both the male and the female respondents had “neutral” description on their level of attitude towards mathematics. Overall, the respondents under the STEM strand had the highest level of attitude towards mathematics (mean=3.70, s=.451) while the last was the respondents under the TVL strand (mean=2.90, s = .618), which was on the neutral level. There was no significant mean difference between the level of attitude towards mathematics of the students when grouped according to sex but a significant mean difference on the level of attitude towards mathematics was evident when grouped according to strand. STEM strand was significantly higher than the level of attitude towards mathematics of the three strands, HUMMS, ABM and TVL. Moreover, the study also revealed that there was a significant mean difference between and among the domains of attitude towards mathematics. Value of mathematics had a significantly higher mean than the other three factors. It was also revealed that between the two independent variables (sex and strand) only strand significantly influences the level of attitude towards mathematics of the respondents. As a conclusion, the level of attitude towards mathematics of the grade 11 students needs to be improved, at least to a positive level. Since the students have different skills and interests but somehow have commonality when grouped according to strand, they should be given appropriate activities and programs corresponding to their skills and interests. Among the four domains considered in this study, more activities or programs should be given along self-confidence in mathematics, enjoyment in mathematics and motivation in mathematics.
Ashok Kumar R, Dinesh Kumar G, Karthikeyan K
This study examines the role of reverse logistics within the industrial sector of Coimbatore, focusing on optimizing return management, enhancing customer satisfaction, and promoting sustainable business practices. By pinpointing local challenges and potential strategic enhancements, this research offers practical insights into how reverse logistics can enhance customer loyalty and yield environmental advantages in this specific industrial setting. A descriptive study with a sample size of 269 is conducted in Coimbatore's e-commerce industry across food and beverages, apparel, electronics, and engineering sectors. Targeting logistics personnel, the study explores and focuses on five main variables: environment, return management, customer satisfaction, and performance effectiveness. Through statistical analysis, this research aims to identify significant factors impacting reverse logistics in these categories, offering insights into optimizing practices for improved customer and operational outcomes. The study highlights actionable measures that can improve operational performance and elevate customer satisfaction, all while cutting costs and promoting sustainability.
Christine Nyanchera Maangi, Dr. Rosemarie Wanyoike
This article explored the nexus between GTPs and succession planning and leadership continuity. Adopting a desktop research strategy, available literature was reviewed to gain some understanding of how GTPs develop and prepare aspiring leaders. It was determined that sound recruitment and selection policies, proper training, mentoring, job rotation, and experiential learning, together with the right performance appraisal tools, were essential for building a strong talent pool. However, the study had a number of limitations, such as over-reliance on academic qualifications during recruitment, inconsistent mentorship practices, poorly aligned job rotations, and the use of evaluation tools that lack leadership-oriented metrics were identified. Further a key literature gap exists regarding the empirical linkage between graduate trainee programmes and succession planning in Kenya The conclusion highlights that while GTPs play a significant role in supporting succession planning, their effectiveness depends on the extent to which they are systematically designed and aligned with organizational leadership development goals. Strengthening competency-based recruitment, standardizing mentorship structures, aligning job rotations to succession needs, and refining performance evaluations to include leadership-focused indicators were recommended.
Aruna Muhammed, Dr. Ewomazino Daniel Akpor, Dr. Wilfred Oritsesan Olley
This study investigates listeners’ perceptions of the role of radio in covering electoral violence during the Edo State 2024 Gubernatorial Election, with broader implications for electoral violence coverage in Nigeria. Employing a survey research method with structured questionnaires, the research assesses audience views on radio effectiveness, objectivity and contribution to peacebuilding amid electoral tensions. Guided by the Uses and Gratifications Theory, the study explores how radio content influences public perception and social stability. The findings reveal that respondents generally perceive radio coverage as positive and peace oriented. However, they also express dissatisfaction with its overall effectiveness in mitigating electoral violence. Despite high exposure to peace messages, the perceived impact of radio coverage remains limited, showing challenges such as media bias, sensationalism and ownership influence. The study includes hypothesis testing which examines the relationship between listeners’ exposure to radio and its effectiveness in the coverage of electoral violence. The analysis indicates a statistically significant relationship, suggesting that higher exposure correlates with more positive perceptions of radio role in electoral violence coverage. The study recommends the critical need for ethical journalism, editorial independence and targeted programming to enhance radio role as a credible tool for promoting electoral peace and democratic stability in Nigeria. It recommends the strengthening of editorial practices alongside continuous professional development to unlock radio full capacity in reporting electoral conflicts responsibly.
Eccle Royce P. Macasling, Wilbert B. Wanas, Yvonne P. Banwagen
Education in rural communities is often discussed through indicators of access, infrastructure, and performance, yet such perspectives provide limited insight into how learning is actually experienced by those situated within constrained environments. This study examined the lived educational experiences of residents in a rural community in Mankayan, Benguet, Philippines, with particular attention to how learners navigate educational challenges, adapt to limited learning conditions, and interpret the influence of home, school, and community contexts on their educational journeys.
Marc Laurence A. Gatdula
The existence of male sexual victimization is a prevailing concern. Although it was already recognized, there is still a need to understand it. It is due to its underrepresentation, insufficiency of conducted research and the unfamiliarity of community towards it. This study aimed to establish an understanding regarding male sexual victimization through the perspective of police officers who have experienced handling such cases, the challenges they have encountered and the proposed program relevant to male sexual victimization. This study made use of the qualitative method. This study was conducted in the Province of Pangasinan, specifically 4th district. The main data-gathering tool is the interview guide, specifically a semi-structured interview. The findings revealed that the handled case of male sexual victimization, mostly those of male who have been sexually coerced by the perpetrator. The officers experienced case withdrawal, systematic gap in handling the case and rarity of case as challenged in dealing with male sexual victimization. Taking measures and proposing a program that focuses on acknowledgement of role limitation and capacity development of the organization. Recommendations are provided; hence, the PNP should establish a non-judgmental environment for male victim. The enhancement of capability of the Organization and their personnel which fosters a victim-centered approach. To policy makers, to ensure that male victims receive the same degree of assistance and legal recourse as their female counterparts. Lastly, this study focused on the experiential perspectives of police officers handling male sexual victimization cases, future research should examine the psychological consequences faced by male survivors.
Gracia A. Nieves,RN*, Modesto P. Fucio, MAN, MPA, DPM
Diabetes mellitus is a condition that poses a serious problem on how one sees oneself which can undermine relationship with others, and blurs one’s purpose in life. This study aimed to investigate the experiences of diabetic patients in living a meaningful life, providing a basis for holistic nursing care management. This study used qualitative phenomenological design. Using a interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA), data were gathered through in-depth semi- structured interviews, a 14 participants from Daet, Camarines Norte was selected using purposive sampling until data saturation was achieved. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis which revealed nine major themes. Results referred to Late and Multi-Faceted Onset of Diabetes, Physical Burdens and Symptom Variability, Emotional and Psychological Journey, Adaptability, Self-Management, and Resilience, Social Relationships and Support Systems, Role of Faith and Spirituality, Motivation, Meaning, and Future Outlook, and Health Workers and Healthcare System and Support and Advice for Others. These aforementioned emerging multidimensional themes can be part of the pillar of success in managing diabetes. Diabetes is not only a physical problem but a deeper emotional, social, and spiritual experiences that need to be addressed. A proposed holistic nursing care intervention was initiated by creating a Facebook Page and Support Group and a 7-day meal plan verified and signed by a Registered Nutritionist-Dietitian. The study concludes that addressing diabetes through a holistic nursing management facilitate empowerment, resilience, and an improvement in quality of life of diabetic patients.
Abubakar Bappayo, Maryam Abdu Gainaka
Local radio remains a critical communication platform in conflict-prone societies, particularly in contexts where access to formal peace infrastructures is limited. This study examines regular listeners’ perceptions of the extent to which Bauchi Radio Corporation (BRC) FM integrates with and complements broader peacebuilding initiatives in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Using a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 380 regular listeners drawn from an estimated audience population of 487,350. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were employed to analyze responses. Findings indicate that listeners perceive BRC FM as playing a significant integrative role within the state’s peacebuilding ecosystem by providing a platform for government agencies, civil society organizations, traditional institutions, and community leaders to disseminate peace-related information. Respondents further perceive that the station enhances public awareness of conflict resolution mechanisms and facilitates information exchange among peace actors. However, listeners also report limited follow-up mechanisms and weak monitoring of promoted initiatives, which may reduce the sustainability of its perceived impact. The study concludes that, from the audience’s perspective, BRC FM contributes meaningfully to conflict prevention through informational and procedural integration. Strengthening institutional coordination and accountability frameworks may enhance its effectiveness. The findings underscore the importance of local radio as a perceived connective infrastructure within multi-actor peacebuilding systems.
Divine Desirei V. Sevilla, Gleddy Mae V. La Corda, Rhea Bianca C. Dulnuan, Sunshine Keize D. Lupog, Ujey B. Uy-baan, Viktor Dovanne L. Reganit
Tourism slogans help promote a place by shaping its identity and public image. The slogan “Naturally Vibrant Nueva Vizcaya” seeks to highlight the province’s natural beauty and culture. However, there is limited research on how well locals recognize and connect with this tourism branding.This study assessed locals’ level of awareness of the slogan, identified demographic differences, gathered community suggestions for improvement, and evaluated the contribution of government initiatives to its visibility. A descriptive-comparative design was used to determine the level of awareness and examine differences across age, sex, and place of residence, while thematic analysis was conducted to interpret qualitative feedback on government efforts and suggested promotional strategies. Results revealed that overall awareness was moderate. No significant differences were found between sex and place of residence, but a significant variation appeared across age groups, with younger residents showing higher awareness. These findings imply the need for a more balanced promotional approach that strengthens online engagement for youth while improving visibility through traditional media and community-based activities for older groups. Based on these results, the study recommends enhancing both digital and traditional promotional efforts to reach a wider audience, deepen local connection to the slogan, and further strengthen the province’s tourism identity
Nemesio G. Loayon, Roel T. Lim
Leadership effectiveness is critical to the sustainability and performance of State Universities and Colleges (SUCs), particularly amid increasing demands for accountability, innovation, and quality assurance in higher education. This study assessed the extent of management competence among SUC executives in the Caraga Region, Philippines, and examined whether competence differed according to selected demographic and professional variables. Using a quantitative research design, data were gathered from 124 top management officials from four SUCs: North Eastern Mindanao State University, Caraga State University, Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology, and Surigao del Norte State University. A validated researcher-developed questionnaire measured competence across seven domains: strategic decision-making, leadership and governance, financial management and resource mobilization, policy formulation and implementation, innovation and adaptability, student support, and external resource management. Results indicated an overall competent level of management performance, with strategic decision-making rated highest and financial management lowest. Analysis of variance revealed that trainings attended consistently produced significant differences across most domains, highlighting the critical role of continuous professional development. The study concludes that institutionalizing structured leadership training programs is essential to strengthen executive competence and enhance the effectiveness of SUC governance and performance.
Iliya Farhani Ismail, Muhammad Zaly Shah
The quality of services delivered by public transport operators is used to assess the level of service provided to passengers and users. Improved public transportation quality of service (QOS) will attract new customers to switch from private automobiles to the public transportation system. This evaluation of public transportation service quality is an important tool for transportation operators and planners in attracting and retaining customers, setting strategic goals, and making funding choices. Several studies on the quality of public transport service have been published. However, extensive and quantitative research are lacking. Furthermore, just eleven reviews on the quality of public transport services have been published in the Scopus database. The current review was carried out to provide scholars and practitioners with the update of public transport quality publications through the last 10 years (20122022) to fulfil their concerns and answer their public transport service quality question. This paper contains a literature review of quality of public transport service. A bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer software analysis the service quality of public transportation publications obtained from the Scopus database to enable researchers to trace the historical and annual records of publications related to service quality covering the leading countries, institutions, journals, most frequently used keywords, authors, citation network analysis and the most cited publication. A preliminary version of this work was presented at the International Graduate Conference of Built Environment and Surveying 2023 and appeared in its proceedings. This expanded version provides a significant extension through advanced statistical forecasting and a more comprehensive literature synthesis.
Ayu Ruqayyah Yunus, Fathurrahman
Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk has emerged as an innovative Islamic social finance instrument integrating philanthropic endowments with sovereign sukuk to support sustainable development in Indonesia. This study aims to systematically map the scholarly landscape of Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk research and identify its thematic evolution, intellectual foundations, and collaboration structures. A bibliometric research design was applied using 302 peer-reviewed journal articles retrieved from the Dimensions database covering the period 2019–2023. Network analyses of publication trends, co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, citation relationships, and bibliographic coupling were conducted using VOSviewer following data standardization procedures. The results reveal a sharp post-2021 growth in academic output, reflecting policy-driven institutionalization of Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk. Dominant research themes center on institutional governance, public participation, sustainable development integration, and crisis-responsive financing. Citation networks indicate that governance effectiveness and trust-based frameworks form the core intellectual foundation of the field, while impact-oriented studies remain peripheral. Regional collaboration is heavily concentrated in Southeast Asia, with limited global comparative engagement. Overall, the findings demonstrate that Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk scholarship has transitioned from conceptual innovation to applied institutional analysis but remains methodologically imbalanced toward governance rather than socio-economic impact evaluation. This study contributes a comprehensive knowledge mapping of Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk research and highlights strategic directions for advancing impact measurement, comparative analysis, and development finance integration within Islamic social finance scholarship.
Juliet Ede Ngozi, Prof. Yusuf Munirat
This study examined the relationship between market entry strategies and internationalization performance of selected deposit money banks operating within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Abuja, Nigeria. Specifically, the study investigated how entry mode selection, digital adaptation level, and regulatory compliance efficiency influence foreign market penetration rate, cross-border transaction growth, and brand recognition index. A structured questionnaire was administered to 102 respondents, with 94 valid responses retrieved and analysed. Employing Pearson Product-Moment Correlation, the study found that all independent variables had statistically significant positive relationships with the respective dimensions of internationalization performance. Entry mode selection had a strong correlation with foreign market penetration rate, digital adaptation level was significantly related to cross-border transaction growth, and regulatory compliance efficiency was positively associated with brand recognition. These findings are consistent with extant literature, including the works of Aversa et al. (2021) and Watson et al. (2018), which highlight the critical role of strategic categorization and digitalization in successful market entry. The study concludes that adopting appropriate entry strategies, embracing digital transformation, and ensuring regulatory compliance are pivotal for enhancing the global competitiveness of Nigerian banks. It recommends that bank managers develop integrative internationalization frameworks that are adaptive, digitally-driven, and regulatory-compliant to navigate the complexities of foreign markets effectively.
Ahmad Suffian Mohd Zahari, Najihah Marha Yaacob, Salwiyah Idris
In today's digital age, brands succeed when they break through in culture and branding is a set of techniques designed to generate cultural relevance. Mikail Food, an innovator in the frozen food industry, aims to break through traditional marketing boundaries by harnessing the power of social media marketing. This study explores the complex relationship between brand engagement and social media marketing, examining how these elements can be harmonised to enhance brand recognition, capture consumer interest, and foster enduring loyalty. As Mikail Food embarks on this digital journey, understanding these dynamics becomes crucial in transforming fleeting interactions into lasting brand impressions.
Dr. Mohammed Hashim Taha Sulaiman AL-Ogaidi
Research Purpose: Measuring twisted thinking among young university students. Background: The research aimed to reveal the level of twisted thinking among young students at the University of Mosul. Methodological approach: This study used the descriptive approach on a stratified random sample of 400 male and female students in the second year and different specializations for the academic year (2023-2024). The researchers designed a test to measure twisted thinking and extracted the psychometric properties of the test (validity and reliability) Findings: The results indicated that the student's scores on the twisted thinking test were high. The arithmetic mean of the research sample on the test was 64.45 with a standard deviation of 3.45. When compared to the hypothetical mean of the test of 60, it became clear that the arithmetic mean was higher and the calculated t value was 9.54, exceeding the tabular t value of 1.96 at a significance level of 5% with 399 degrees of freedom. Implications: The study highlights the impact of negative thinking patterns represented by twisted thinking patterns on students' academic and social lives and the need to develop positive thinking skills to confront these negative patterns.
May Lumancas Larena, DPA, Pearl Micah Prado
Effective governance depends on the capacity of local government units (LGUs) to disseminate public information that is accessible, clear, and inclusive. Despite the expanding use of digital platforms in government communication, structural inequalities and institutional coordination challenges continue to constrain their effectiveness, particularly in geographically dispersed municipalities. This study examines media as a public information channel in the Municipality of Cantilan, Surigao del Sur, Philippines, with the aim of identifying communication barriers and governance strategies that influence public information delivery across barangays with varying levels of accessibility. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were gathered from 246 residents across four barangays, followed by in-depth interviews with 20 residents and barangay officials. Descriptive statistical analysis and reflexive thematic analysis reveal that while LGU Cantilan actively utilizes social media, official websites, and printed bulletins, communication effectiveness is hindered by inconsistent messaging, limited internet connectivity, and challenges in information comprehension. Digital platforms were perceived as frequently used but unevenly accessible, particularly in remote areas, resulting in continued reliance on traditional and interpersonal communication channels. The findings highlight the need for hybrid, equity oriented, and participatory communication systems that institutionalize feedback mechanisms and prioritize clarity and accessibility. The study contributes to public administration scholarship by emphasizing governance communication as a core institutional function essential to transparency, accountability, and citizen engagement.
Njoku Juliana Chinwendu, Udedibie Okechukwu Boniface I
This study examines the mediating role of job crafting in the relationship between work characteristics and turnover intentions among young working adults in Nigeria. Grounded in the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and Person-Environment Fit theory, the research investigates how job content (skill variety, specialization) and context factors (working conditions, ergonomics, physical demands) predict turnover intentions, and whether job crafting serves as a behavioral mechanism in this relationship. A cross-sectional design was employed, with data collected from 350 young employees (aged 18-40) across nine higher education institutions in Imo State, Nigeria. Participants completed validated scales measuring turnover intentions, job design, and job crafting. Results from hierarchical regression analysis indicated that job variety significantly negatively predicted turnover intentions (β = -.29, p < .01). In contrast, job specialization positively predicted them (β = 0.14, p < .01). Mediation analysis using PROCESS macro revealed that job crafting partially mediated both relationships, with significant indirect effects. These findings offer actionable insights for HR professionals and organizational psychologists aiming to develop effective retention strategies by fostering job crafting and tailored job designs in Nigerian workplaces.
Ali Qureshi, Henna A. Qureshi, Kaneez Zehra, Maham Mughal, Maheen Imtiaz, Maleeha Qureshi, Nadeem Iqbal, Naima Zubair, Raania Siddiqui
Entrepreneurship courses in Pakistan, designed in line with the Higher Education Commission (HEC) guidelines, aim to encourage university graduates to pursue entrepreneurial career pathways. Despite their comprehensive structure, these courses overlook a key component that is closely tied to entrepreneurial success: mentoring. This study primarily explores how female graduate students perceive mentoring and its potential value when integrated into entrepreneurship education. Adopting a qualitative exploratory design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen female graduate students from three major Pakistani cities who had completed an entrepreneurship course. The data were examined using Reflexive Thematic Analysis as outlined by Braun and Clarke (2021). The findings of the study highlight that female undergraduate students consider mentoring an essential support mechanism during entrepreneurship training. The study concludes that embedding mentoring within entrepreneurship curricula could play a significant role in enhancing female students’ personal growth and professional readiness.
Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Antonio, James Nathaniel B, Blanco, Gratze Judhel A, Cañete, Angel G, Garcia, Herbenz Mel N, Hinog, Diane Evanie Queen B, Jocel T. Labadan, Matias, Michelle S, Pinabacdao, Jessica, Yabana, Jian M
This study examined the mediating role of metacognitive awareness in the relationship between mathematics self-efficacy and mathematical thinking skills. The primary goal of this study was to examine the level of mathematics self-efficacy, metacognitive awareness, and mathematical thinking skills, to find out the significant relationship between variables, to determine the significant influence of mathematics self-efficacy on mathematical thinking skills, and to test the mediating effect of metacognitive awareness on the relationship between mathematics self-efficacy and mathematical thinking skills. A quantitative, descriptive-correlational design was used in this study, involving 271 senior high school students. The statistical methods employed in this study included the mean, Spearman's rho, multiple linear regression, and mediation analysis. The study found that metacognitive awareness was high, while mathematics self-efficacy and mathematical thinking skills were moderate. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the variables, and mathematics self-efficacy significantly influenced mathematical thinking skills. Mastery experience, vicarious learning, and social persuasion significantly predict mathematical thinking skills. Further, metacognitive awareness significantly mediates the relationship between mathematics self-efficacy and mathematical learning skills.
Ahesan Kabir
The social reintegration of released prisoners has become a central concern of contemporary criminology and social policy, yet empirical research on reintegration in Global South contexts remains methodologically underdeveloped. In Bangladesh, reintegration largely occurs outside formal institutional frameworks, rendering the process socially obscured, administratively fragmented and empirically difficult to observe. This article examines the methodological challenges inherent in researching the post-release experiences of former prisoners within such a context. Drawing on criminological, sociological and institutional perspectives, it identifies five principal obstacles: participant access, institutional gatekeeping, stigma-induced social silence, reliability of selfreported narratives and heightened ethical risks. The article proposes an Institutional–Relational research framework that situates reintegration at the intersection of state institutions, social networks and economic structures. By outlining context-sensitive research strategies, the article contributes to methodological debates in criminology and social welfare, while offering a practical framework for empirical reintegration research in resource-constrained and institutionally fragmented settings.
Ogochukwu Edith Nkamnebe
Microcredit is widely promoted as a tool for enhancing women’s entrepreneurship, employment creation, and poverty reduction in developing economies. However, empirical evidence on its welfare impacts remains mixed, partly because limited attention has been paid to the mechanisms through which microcredit influences livelihood outcomes. This study examines the relationship between microcredit access, employment generation, and poverty-related outcomes among rural women micro-entrepreneurs in Nigeria, with particular emphasis on employment generation through enterprise expansion as a transmission pathway. Using survey data from 412 rural women micro-entrepreneurs, the analysis combines descriptive statistics and comparative tests to assess differences between microcredit users and non-users. The results show that self-employment remains the dominant form of labour engagement across the sample, reflecting structural constraints in rural labour markets. However, women with access to microcredit exhibit significantly higher rates of employment generation through enterprise expansion, along with greater income stability, improved social status, and enhanced access to basic services. Taken together, the findings suggest that microcredit contributes to poverty reduction not only through direct financial effects but also by enabling productive employment that stabilises livelihoods in rural informal economies. While employment expansion remains modest in scale, it represents a meaningful and policy-relevant outcome in contexts characterised by underemployment rather than open unemployment. The study contributes to entrepreneurship and development scholarship by foregrounding employment generation as a key pathway linking microcredit access to poverty-related outcomes, offering context-specific evidence from rural Nigeria. The findings underscore the importance of employment-oriented and context-sensitive approaches to the design.
Edilberto A. San Carlos
Efficient emergency response depends on timely and accurate incident documentation, particularly in disasterprone urban settings. In Naga City, emergency response operations continue to rely on a predominantly manual incident recording system, which has proven increasingly inadequate during high-impact disaster events. The operational challenges of this system became evident during Tropical Cyclone Kristine, when a surge in emergency calls exposed delays, documentation errors, and coordination constraints that affected response effectiveness. This study examined the limitations of the existing manual incident recording system and explored the potential contribution of advanced digital incident recording technologies in improving emergency response operations. A descriptive–exploratory mixed-methods approach was employed, combining structured online surveys and focus group discussions with emergency responders, communication center personnel, and supervisory staff (n = 18). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative inputs were examined through thematic analysis. Findings indicate that manual incident recording contributes to delayed response actions, data inaccuracies, and inconsistencies in information sharing, particularly under high-demand conditions. Respondents identified real-time data entry, mobile accessibility, system integration, and automated error detection as critical features of an improved incident recording framework. Despite limited prior exposure to advanced systems, most participants expressed readiness to adopt digital tools, provided that adequate training, technical support, and institutional backing are in place. The study concludes that transitioning from manual to digitally enabled incident recording systems can significantly enhance emergency response efficiency and coordination at the local level. The findings provide practical insights for local government units seeking to strengthen disaster preparedness and response through system modernization and capacity development.
Ebiye CHARLES, Ibrahim Babangida Umar, Mubasshir Waliyu Lukman, WACHUKWU Elendu
This study investigates the impact of mobile money and digital lending platforms on green entrepreneurship in Nigeria. The aim and objectives of the study is to examine the impact of mobile money and digital lending platforms on the growth and development of green entrepreneurship in Nigeria. The study was guided with a hypothesis formulated for testing the significance. The correlational research design was adopted; a sample size 600 respondents was drawn from the target population 5705, using the purposive sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a self-constructed structured questionnaire which had been validated and subjected to Cronbach alpha reliability indexes of .799, .836 and .829 for each measure. The data collection was done after administration and retrieval of questionnaires with the help of trained research assistants from the various sampled states. Out of the 600 questionnaires administered, 522 questionnaires were retrieved and used for analysis. The analysis of data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0; The results indicated Mobile Money Usage with β=.528 had a moderate positive predictor on green entrepreneurship while Digital Lending Access with β = .348 had a low positive predictor on green entrepreneurship. The study also revealed that mobile money usage and digital lending access can predict green entrepreneurship in Nigeria (p < 0.05). The study concluded that mobile money usage and access to digital lending are significant predictors of green entrepreneurship in Nigeria. However, the study recommended that; digital financial inclusion policies should be strengthening by expanding mobile money infrastructure, especially in rural and underserved areas, to support green entrepreneurs; and regulatory support for digital lending platforms should be improve for transparency, affordability and consumer protection for green entrepreneurs.
Abdul Kadir, Burhan, Imelda Wahyuni, Karim, La Ode Abdul Wahab, Nasrullah, Zulkifli Musthan
Bungikela Village in Morowali Regency is a coastal area inhabited by the Bajo tribe, who have a strong tradition in moral formation. However, widespread internet access has introduced a new phenomenon of online game addiction among adolescents, potentially clashing traditional values with digital culture. This study aims to describe the symptoms of online game addiction among Bajo adolescents and analyze its impact on their moral education. This qualitative study utilized a case study approach involving 14 informants, including community leaders, religious figures, teachers, parents, and adolescents. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, then analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. Findings indicate clear symptoms of addiction, such as compulsive behavior, withdrawal symptoms, and increased playtime tolerance. This results in decreased social interaction, reduced enthusiasm for religious activities such as Quranic recitations, and a decline in academic performance. There is a conflict between digital dependency and the internalization of moral values. This study recommends a holistic intervention involving the active roles of families and the community to preserve the cultural integrity and morality of adolescents in the digital age.
Mohammed Y.M. Mai, QI JING
This study examines the direct and mediating relationships among students’ self-regulation, motivation, engagement, and academic success in online learning. Grounded in self-regulated learning theory and engagement frameworks, the proposed structural model posits that self-regulation predicts academic success both directly and indirectly through motivation and engagement. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, and data were collected from 1,521 undergraduate students enrolled in online courses at three public universities in Qinghai Province, China. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The measurement model demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity (composite reliability = .915–.953; AVE = .604–.693). Structural results revealed that self-regulation had a significant direct effect on academic success (β = .355, p < .001), engagement significantly predicted academic success (β = .348, p < .001), and motivation also had a positive but smaller effect (β = .099, p < .001). Self-regulation strongly predicted engagement (β = .821, p < .001) and motivation (β = .699, p < .001). Mediation analysis indicated significant indirect effects through engagement (β = .285, p < .001) and motivation (β = .069, p < .001), confirming partial mediation. The model explained 71.6% of the variance in academic success (R² = .716), demonstrating substantial explanatory power. The findings underscore the central role of self-regulation in online academic achievement and highlight engagement as the strongest mediating mechanism linking self-regulation to success. The study contributes to the literature by integrating key learner variables within a unified predictive model and offers practical implications for enhancing online higher education practices.
Dr. Mohammed Y.M. Mai, QI JING
Drawing on self-regulated learning theory and self-determination theory, this study examines the mediating roles of motivation and learning environment in the relationship between self-regulation and student engagement, while accounting for the influence of the online learning environment. Data were collected from 1521 Chinese university students enrolled in online courses and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results from the structural model indicate that the online learning environment strongly predicts self-regulation (β = 0.829, p < .001) and motivation (β = 0.301, p < .001). Self-regulation significantly influences motivation (β = 0.529, p < .001) and engagement (β = 0.299, p < .001), while motivation also exerts a significant effect on engagement (β = 0.330, p < .001). Engagement is substantially explained by the model (R² = 0.823), demonstrating high predictive power. Mediation analyses reveal significant indirect effects of self-regulation on engagement through motivation (β = 0.174, p < .001), as well as multiple indirect pathways linking the online learning environment to engagement via self-regulation and motivation (total indirect effect β = 0.492, p < .001). Predictive relevance was further supported by strong Q² values for engagement (Q² = 0.712). Overall, the findings confirm that motivation and engagement act as key psychological mechanisms through which self-regulation and learning environment quality translate into engagement in online learning. The study contributes to online learning research by empirically validating an integrated, mechanism-based model and offers practical implications for designing learning environments that foster self-regulation, motivation, and sustained student engagement.
Zarina Mohd Zain
While examinations remain a key tool for assessing students' learning, their performance is influenced by interrelated factors beyond academic capabilities. The present study examines the interactions among psychological, environmental, behavioural, and skill-oriented factors to predict university students' examination performance. A quantitative cross-sectional correlational study was conducted using instruments including Likert-scale questionnaires administered to 180 FSPPP UiTM undergraduates, covering extrinsic and intrinsic aspects of examination-related data and profiles, psychological traits, achievement targets, study habits/skills, and attitudes towards self-attribution. Correlations showed all variables were positively and significantly related to each other, and achievement goals were significantly associated with attribution and study habits. Clear evidence for this is seen in the multiple regression analysis, which shows that achievement goals for examination performance are the most influential predictors, with psychological factors, study habits/skills, and extrinsic and intrinsic exam factors accounting for insignificant effects when other predictors are examined. These results show that internal drives of motivation, emotional regulation, cognitive interpretations, and self-regulatory behaviours have much stronger effects on performance in examinations than external factors during the exam process. The study has raised relevant issues for holistic education that would stimulate students' motivation to study for assessments, prevent test anxiety, and build a sincere commitment to the study process, leading to improved test results and fairer evaluation of students’ potential.
Adelaide Gyabea, Fati Bodua Seidu, Patience B.A Yamoah
This paper explores the motivational factors that drive multinational enterprises (MNEs) to choose investment locations in emerging markets, with particular emphasis on assessing Ghana's preparedness to capitalize on these opportunities. As emerging economies continue to attract significant foreign direct investment (FDI), understanding the determinants that drive MNEs to choose specific locations is critical for host countries seeking to enhance their economic growth. The study identifies key factors such as market potential, resource availability, cost structures, institutional environment, infrastructure, and policy incentives as pivotal in shaping MNEs' investment decisions. Ghana's strategic efforts to improve its business environment, including economic reforms, infrastructure development, and favourable investment policies, are analysed to assess the country's readiness to attract and sustain MNE investments. By integrating these variables into a conceptual framework, this paper provides insights into how Ghana can strengthen its position as a prime destination for FDI, offering recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to boost the country's appeal to global investors.
Daisy P. Artiaga, Dyna Rose A. Javier, Korina Jean Regis, Quennie Kate C. Reyes
This qualitative case study examines the experiences of Filipino couples in marriages where the woman is significantly older than the man, a relationship dynamic that remains understudied in the Philippine setting. Through semi-structured interviews with ten couples from Southern Cebu, the study explores the challenges they encounter, the dynamics within their relationships, and the coping strategies they use to navigate cultural and social pressures. Findings show that couples face family disapproval, social stereotyping, financial strain, jealousy, and concerns related to childlessness. Despite these difficulties, they rely on coping practices rooted in prayer, reassurance, emotional openness, humility, and shared routines. These strategies help sustain their relationship despite ongoing tension and external judgment. Themes of resilience, faith, and mutual support emerged, reflecting how Filipino values shape their ability to endure challenges. The study offers a culturally grounded perspective on age-gap marriages and illustrates how couples maintain stability within a context shaped by strong family and religious norms.
Samuel Oyeyemi Agbeleoba, Ph. D, Victor O. Ogbeide, Ph. D
This study presents a comprehensive Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of the media narratives surrounding the Israel-Gaza War (2023–2024), examining how power dynamics are linguistically constructed, maintained, and contested in global news discourse. By synthesizing the theoretical frameworks of Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, Ruth Wodak, and Theo van Leeuwen, the research analyzes the reporting of Al Jazeera English (AJE) and BBC News. The analysis focuses on three primary discursive dimensions: lexical choice and terminology, social actor representation, and strategies of legitimation. Findings indicate a profound divergence in narrative framing; while AJE situates the conflict within a discourse of structural violence, coloniality, and resistance, BBC News employs a securitized, de-contextualized framework that emphasizes "both-sidesism" and immediate tactical events. This discursive struggle highlights the role of language not merely as a descriptive tool but as a crucial site for the exercise of symbolic power, ultimately shaping international public perception and the geopolitical response to the conflict.
Eddie Leolee V. Tacuhan
Transitioning into operating room (OR) practice requires skilled mentorship, and trained operating room nurses play a critical role in guiding novices in this high-risk environment. However, little is known about how trained OR nurses manage the challenges of mentoring while fulfilling their clinical responsibilities, particularly in private hospitals in the Philippines. This study explored the experiences of trained nurses in mentoring novice nurses in the OR of a selected private hospital in Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur. Using a case study design, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with five trained OR nurses, two novice OR nurses, and two OR nurse supervisors selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Yin’s six-stage case study process. The findings revealed four major themes: structured orientation through compliance with OR policies and guidelines, hands-on demonstration and supportive guidance for skill development, challenges in novice nurse engagement and mentorship continuation, and continuation of mentorship and support for novice nurse learning. The study concludes that policy-driven orientation and hands-on, supportive mentorship are the main factors developing competent and confident novice OR nurses but must be reinforced by adequate staffing and organizational support. Strengthening formal OR mentorship structures in private hospital may enhance novice nurses’ adaptation, improve retention, and promote patient safety in the perioperative setting.
Anne Claire O. Nopueto, Dannah Mae P. Marzan, Dr. Cedric Anthony E. Ochoco, Dr. Oscar O. Ancheta Jr., Jun C. Mabalo, Lorena D. Galate, Ronie Rose A. Abuan, Saira D. Cuison
The aim of this study is to investigate the employability challenges faced by BECEd graduates, with a particular emphasis on their job readiness and the connection between their academic training and workplace requirements. It looks into essential competencies, experiential learning, and systemic barrier, especially within the Philippine context to offer insights that can enhance curriculum development, support systems, and employment outcomes in early childhood education.This study investigates the challenges in employability of early childhood education (ECE) graduates is crucial for ensuring the quality of early childhood programs and fostering the development of young children. Research shows that ECE graduates encounter various challenges regarding their employability and perceived readiness, which affect their transition into the workforce. Studies investigate these challenges focusing on the alignment between academic training and workplace demands.
Bryan R. Arellano, Edgar Bryan B. Nicart, Elsa T. Manlangit, Jocelyn E. Trinidad, Joy G. Arellano*
This convergent-parallel mixed-method study examined the needs and demands for guidance and counseling services in promoting mental health and well-being at Camarines Norte State College (CNSC). Using a random sampling technique, data were gathered from administrators, counselors or designated personnel, and students across the various CNSC campuses. Data analysis included discourse analysis for the qualitative data and weighted mean formula for the quantitative data. The study aimed to: (1) describe stakeholders’ understanding of the terms ‘guidance’ and ‘counseling’ and how these perceptions influence the perceived need for and demand for services and professional counselors; (2) assess the needs of the Guidance Counselors in terms of availability of resources, implementation of services, and training and tools; and (3) determine the demand for services in promoting and enhancing awareness of mental health and well-being. Findings indicated that, despite the limited number of counselors and resources, respondents recognized the vital role of Guidance Counselors and their services in fostering mental health and increasing awareness. Based on these findings, the study recommends expanding access to counseling services, allocating additional resources, strengthening service implementation, and enhancing mental health education initiatives.
ADEBANWA, Ayowole Abayomi, OJU, Thank God Robert, ONYENEBO, Innocent Ndubisi
Persistently high poverty levels, driven by inflation, weak labour market performance, regional inequalities, and limited social safety nets, revealed a widening gap between economic growth and societal welfare in Nigeria. Specifically, the research evaluated the effects of fertility rate, birth rate, population growth rate, income inequality, and per capita income on poverty levels. Employing a long-run econometric model, the analysis revealed that approximately 81.5% of the variations in Nigeria’s poverty rate are jointly explained by population growth rate, fertility rate and birth rate as indicated by an R-square value of 0.815. The overall significance of the model was confirmed by an F-statistic of 1.144 and a probability value of 0.000, while the Durbin-Watson statistic of 1.80 indicated the absence of serial correlation in the residuals. The findings showed that the fertility rate has a statistically significant negative effect on poverty, suggesting that under specific socio-economic contexts, higher fertility may be associated with informal labour contributions and social safety structures that reduce household poverty. Conversely, birth rate exerted a positive and significant impact on poverty, aligning with the conventional view that high birth rates increase dependency burdens and strain limited resources. Population growth rate, although only marginally significant, also showed a negative relationship with poverty, hinting at its potential to reduce poverty if effectively harnessed through inclusive development policies. Meanwhile, income inequality and per capita income both revealed statistically insignificant effects on poverty in the long run, suggesting that structural and demographic factors may have more pronounced influence than aggregate income levels. These results underscored the complex and sometimes counter - intuitive nature of demographic - economic interactions in Nigeria. Thus, the paper recommended that poverty alleviation strategies incorporate demographic planning, equitable distribution of resources, and targeted social interventions to effectively address the root causes of poverty in Nigeria.
Barika David Ngwa, Nchinda Nelson Kekoh*
Non-timber forest products are central to rural livelihoods in tropical forest regions, yet their availability is increasingly threatened by forest structural degradation and long-term climatic variability. This study investigates the interactions among forest structure, historical climatic trends, and household NTFP dependence in eight villages surrounding the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve. Using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, the research integrates biophysical forest inventories based on 20 × 20 m quadrats in primary and secondary forests, historical climatic records from 1931 to 2010, stratified household surveys (n = 46), Rapid Rural Appraisal tools, focus group discussions including a women-only group, and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and chi-square tests in SPSS v26, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis in NVivo 12. Results indicate that primary forests display significantly greater structural complexity than secondary forests, including higher species richness (38 vs. 21), basal area (4.2 vs. 1.8 m²/ha), and canopy cover (70% vs. 40%), which support stronger NTFP diversity and seasonal stability. Climatic analysis shows a 1.2 °C rise in mean annual temperature and a 15% decline in rainfall over the study period, trends that are negatively correlated with perceived NTFP availability (r = -0.62, p < .05) and seasonality (r = -0.58, p < .05). Household dependence on NTFPs is significantly higher among communities located within 5 km of primary forest edges (χ² = 6.47, df = 2, p < .05). Women and female-headed households, representing 30.4% of the sample, demonstrate greater reliance on NTFPs and heightened vulnerability linked to gendered labor roles and structural constraints. Adaptation responses are dominated by agricultural expansion (45.7%) and agroforestry adoption (30.4%), whereas non-farm diversification remains limited (15.2%) due to persistent socio-economic and cultural barriers. These findings demonstrate that interacting ecological degradation and climatic stress are reducing NTFP provisioning, intensifying spatially and gender-differentiated vulnerability, and constraining adaptive capacity. The study highlights the urgency of integrated management strategies that combine forest restoration, climate-resilient agroforestry, spatially targeted livelihood support, and gender-sensitive interventions to sustain ecosystem integrity and rural wellbeing in biosphere reserve transition zones.
Dinko Štetić
The paper analyses the normative and institutional consequences of the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in international commercial arbitration. Special emphasis is placed on the application of generative and analytical AI tools in the phases of legal research, evidence analysis and drafting of decisions. The contribution of AI to the efficiency and economy of the procedure is explored, as well as the risks that such use carries for the fundamental principles of arbitration, in particular confidentiality, impartiality, transparency and autonomy of arbitrators. The paper examines the existing regulatory framework, including UNCITRAL's Model Law, the institutional rules of leading arbitration institutions, and the European Artificial Intelligence Act, pointing to the existence of a regulatory gap between traditional process standards and accelerated technological development. Particular attention is paid to the potential implications of the use of AI on the validity and enforceability of arbitral awards, particularly in the context of the right to a fair trial and equality of the parties. The paper advocates a balanced and pragmatic approach to the integration of AI in arbitration, whereby AI should remain an auxiliary tool under clear rules, with mandatory human oversight and the development of precise guidelines to preserve the legitimacy of arbitration proceedings.
Liang Ping
This study in centered on the nurses' digital health literacy and their utilization of wearable technologies in caring for diebetic patient with foot ulcer. The researcher made use of the descriptive0omparative correlation1r086srch design employing the 131 nurse08pondenie of the study who were chos0n using the purposive sampling technique
Afif Zuhri Muhammad Khodri Harahap, Khadijah Yasmin Ibrahim, Mohd Fathi Abu Yaziz, Noor Malinjasari Bt Ali, Norr Fairuz Sahira Zulkfili, Raslina Mohamed Nor
Service-based organisations face unique operational challenges due to demand variability, labour intensity, and customer involvement, which often result in inefficiencies in service delivery. This study investigates the operational and supply chain inefficiencies of Puncak Geliga Holidays Sdn Bhd (PGHSB), a Malaysian transportation and manpower service provider, through a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, direct field observations, and document analysis, with methodological triangulation enhancing credibility. Analytical tools including process flow mapping and Fishbone (Ishikawa) analysis revealed systemic inefficiencies such as reliance on manual booking procedures, fragmented communication channels, inadequate workforce planning, and the absence of integrated fleet management systems. These findings underscore the need for structured operational frameworks, digitalisation of booking and scheduling, and data-driven workforce allocation to improve service reliability and competitiveness. Beyond practical recommendations, the study contributes to service operations literature by contextualising operational challenges within Malaysian SMEs, highlighting systemic rather than isolated inefficiencies. While limited to a single case study, the research provides a foundation for future comparative studies and offers insights into how digital transformation and proactive management can enhance resilience in service-based SMEs.
Dr Kelvin Lungu, Harry Ngobile
The mining sector remains a cornerstone of Zambia’s economy through its contribution to gross domestic product, export earnings, and employment. Despite this importance, mining infrastructure projects continue to experience persistent cost inefficiencies and project management challenges that undermine operational performance. This study investigated the factors influencing the optimization of cost and project management in Zambia’s mining infrastructure projects, using Lubambe Copper Mine as a qualitative case study. The research adopted a qualitative case study design and purposively engaged ten expert participants drawn from engineering, project management, cost control, and senior management roles directly involved in project planning, implementation, and financial oversight. Primary data were collected through semi structured questionnaires and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The analysis followed a systematic coding process that involved initial familiarization with the data, open coding to identify meaningful units of information, axial coding to group related codes, and selective coding to consolidate these groups into higher order themes. Themes were derived inductively based on patterns of recurrence, emphasis, and explanatory strength across participant responses, ensuring that findings were grounded in participants’ lived experiences and professional insights. The findings revealed five dominant and interrelated themes influencing cost and project management optimization. The most prominent themes were procurement and supply chain inefficiencies and weak scope definition, both of which were consistently identified as primary drivers of cost overruns and project delays. These were followed by workforce competence gaps and limited integration of technological systems, which constrained coordination and real time cost control. Leadership discipline and accountability emerged as a cross-cutting theme shaping the effectiveness of all other factors. Integration between cost and project management was found to be further constrained by institutional rigidity, fragmented information systems, poor interdepartmental communication, and cultural resistance to change. Based on these prioritized themes, the study developed a four-stage optimization framework comprising collaborative planning, synchronized execution, real time monitoring, and continuous feedback. The study recommends policy and regulatory support from the Ministry of Mines and Minerals Development, the Zambia Public Procurement Authority, and the Engineering Institution of Zambia, alongside the adoption of integrated enterprise resource planning systems and sustained capacity building within mining firms. The study contributes to knowledge by offering an empirically grounded and context specific framework for integrating cost and project management in mining infrastructure projects within developing economies.
Dr. Ndongwe Evershine, Mukucha Mugove
Revenue collection remains a perennial challenge for secondary schools in Zimbabwe, hindering their ability to provide quality education. This study investigates strategies to and challenges affecting revenue collection in Mudzi District secondary schools. A mixed-methods approach, combining surveys, in-depth interviews and document analysis, provides a comprehensive understanding. Findings reveal inadequate infrastructure, inefficient fee collection systems, limited parental engagement and corruption as significant obstacles. Effective strategies identified include embracing digital payment systems, fostering community partnerships and enhancing school leadership accountability. This research informs evidence-based policy reforms, providing actionable recommendations for educators, policymakers and stakeholders to optimize revenue collection, ensuring sustainable educational development.
Dr. Cristine A. Geroy, Dr. Nenita I. Prado, Hazelle H. Bulquiren
This study investigates the predictive influence of organizational Culture, remuneration quality, and employee engagement on employee performance. Using multiple regression analysis, the findings reveal that the combined variables significantly predict performance, with the model explaining 65.8% of the variance (R² = 0.658, F = 126.721, p < .000). Among the sub-dimensions, Mission (β = .396, p < .000) and Adaptability (β = .385, p < .000) within organizational Culture emerged as the strongest positive predictors, underscoring the importance of strategic clarity and responsiveness to change. Engagement dimensions, specifically Absorption (β = .264, p < .000) and Dedication (β = .106, p = .027), also contributed positively, highlighting the role of deep involvement and commitment in driving favorable outcomes. Conversely, Consistency in organizational Culture (β = -0.159, p = .013) and Direct Remuneration (β = -0.112, p = .011) demonstrated significant negative effects, suggesting that rigid adherence to norms and excessive reliance on financial incentives may hinder performance. These results affirm the multidimensional nature of organizational behavior constructs and emphasize the need to examine sub-variables individually. The study concludes that fostering mission clarity, Adaptability, and employee engagement are crucial for enhancing performance, while overemphasis on uniformity and direct pay may undermine intrinsic motivation. Findings contribute to organizational behavior literature by offering nuanced insights into the complex dynamics between Culture, remuneration, engagement, and employee outcomes.
Dr. Joanes Kyongo, Eunice Munyuny
Despite the critical role played by the Kenya Investment Authority (KenInvest) in fostering economic growth in Kenya, the organization has demonstrated a relatively slow rate of project implementation over the past five years. This inefficiency has been attributed to poorly organizational restructuring such as inadequate business process redesign, low level of organizational innovation and poor integration processes. Consequently, this study sought to examine the relationship between organizational restructuring and project implementation at KenInvest. The study was anchored on Lewin’s Three-step Change Theory and Stakeholder Theory to provide a theoretical framework to understand organizational transitions. The study adopted a descriptive research design for providing a comprehensive overview of the variables. The target population for the study included all 303 employees of KenInvest across various departments, with a specific focus on 91 managers and supervisors who had served for a minimum of three years. A census approach was utilized, ensuring that all 91 targeted respondents were included in the study. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. To ensure the effectiveness of the research tool, pretesting was conducted at the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) using 10% of the sample size. Both content and face validity were established, while reliability was determined using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, which yielded an overall value of 0.764, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS version 26.0. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation was performed to establish the strength and direction of the relationship. The findings established a significant and positive relationship between organizational restructuring and project implementation. The study recommends that KenInvest should align its structural frameworks with contemporary business process redesigns to ensure successful implementation of projects.
Aizan Sofia Amin, Hammad Mohd Saidi, Mohd Nasir Selamat, Nur Saadah Mohamad Aun
Employment participation among persons with visual impairments (PVI) remains limited by persistent barriers, particularly mobility constraints and inaccessible workplace environments. Although Orientation and Mobility (O&M) training is widely recognised as essential for independent travel, its role within supported employment, especially in real workplace contexts, remains insufficiently examined. This study explored how O&M training supports employment access, daily commuting, initial workplace adaptation, and collaborative support processes for PVI within supported employment in Malaysia. A qualitative multiple case study design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with purposively selected informants, including employees with visual impairments, employment specialists, and employers in private sector settings. Interview data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis supported by NVivo (Version 14), with trustworthiness enhanced through triangulation and member checking. The analysis generated four interrelated themes: (i) O&M as access to employment; (ii) O&M in daily commuting and independent mobility; (iii) O&M supporting workplace adjustment and job retention; and (iv) O&M as a structured and collaborative support process. Overall, the findings indicate that O&M training extends beyond basic mobility skills and functions as an employment-oriented support mechanism across pre-employment, placement, and retention phases. The integration of context-specific O&M training within supported employment models may strengthen workplace inclusion, safety, and sustainable employment outcomes for PVI.
Yvette Mambo
This study critically examines the application of originality in Cameroon’s copyright framework, revealing both doctrinal gaps and practical enforcement challenges. While originality is the cornerstone of copyright law, Cameroonian courts and collective management bodies such as SOCAM often rely on vague references to “intellectual imprint,” producing inconsistent outcomes. The research proposes a Cameroon-ready originality test independent creation plus a minimal creative choice that is doctrinally precise yet culturally sensitive, ensuring protection across literary, musical, visual, and performance works. The findings highlight several tensions. State custodianship of folklore under Law No. 2000/011 preserves cultural heritage but risks stifling innovation unless modern adaptations are recognized as original works. Derivative works such as translations, compilations, and adaptations demonstrate originality through selection, arrangement, and interpretive transformation, yet remain underappreciated in practice. Emerging technologies further complicate the landscape as AI-generated outputs lack human authorship and cannot qualify for protection, while AI-assisted works may satisfy originality when human contributors exercise creative control. Enforcement mechanisms remain fragmented. Civil remedies are underutilized, criminal sanctions rarely applied, OAPI’s role limited to registration, and SOCAM weakened by governance challenges. Online enforcement is particularly underdeveloped, leaving creators vulnerable to digital piracy. To address these weaknesses, the study proposes reforms including strengthening SOCAM governance, specialized judicial training, streamlined evidentiary procedures, and the development of online enforcement mechanisms. By linking doctrinal clarity to practical enforcement, Cameroon can safeguard cultural identity, support innovation, and strengthen its creative economy. More broadly, these reforms position Cameroon as an active participant in global copyright debates, demonstrating that African jurisdictions can contribute original doctrinal solutions to the challenges of authorship, originality, and technological change.
Mercy Mutale Mukuka
This study investigated the relationship between parenting practices and juvenile delinquency in Chipata Central Constituency, Eastern Province, Zambia. The research examined how parenting styles, parental care, parental attachment, and spiritual nurturing influence delinquent behaviors including aggression, emotional instability, child prostitution, and disobedience among young people. A cross-sectional survey design used 100 randomly selected parents from 31 residential areas in Chipata Central Constituency. Data were collected using structured questionnaires with Likert-scale items and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Pearson correlation coefficients established relationships between parenting variables and delinquent outcomes. Qualitative data from open-ended questions were analyzed through thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's (2021) framework. Instrument reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α = .775), with subscale alphas from .71 to .82, exceeding the acceptable threshold (Taber, 2018; Nunnally, 1978).
Nor Ainaa Nadzirah Binti Ibrahim, Nurazlina Abdul Rashid, Siti Mariam Binti Kamaruddin
The increasing integration of digital devices such as smartphones and tablets in higher education has transformed classroom learning, offering greater flexibility and access to learning resources. However, concerns remain regarding their potential to distract students and affect learning readiness. This study examines the relationship between digital device usage during lectures and students’ learning readiness at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah. Using a stratified random sampling approach, data were collected from 104 Part 3 Bachelor of Administrative Science students through an online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed to examine patterns of device and application usage, while chi-square tests and independent samples t-tests were used to analyse associations between device usage, user category, and related factors. The findings indicate that the majority of students were either partially or fully prepared for digital learning, with the use of multiple devices being more prevalent than single-device usage. Academic applications, particularly notes materials and Microsoft Teams, were more frequently used than non-academic applications during lectures. While no significant association was found between device type and application preference, a significant difference in the number of hours spent on digital devices was observed between light and heavy users. These results suggest that students’ device usage habits may influence their engagement and readiness for learning. The study highlights the importance of promoting guided and purposeful use of digital devices to support effective learning in higher education classrooms.
Ferdinand. M. Chipindi, Munukayumbwa Mundia, Pilira Tembo, Viliza Silwamba
A study that explored the teachers' lived experiences of division in Lukulu district of Western Zambia was carried out using interpretive phenomenological analysis. The objectives of the study were to explore teachers’ experiences of division in some selected schools of Lukulu district, investigate the causes of division as a form of violence against teachers in some selected schools of Lukulu district as well as provide a framework for resolving division against teachers in some selected schools of Lukulu district. Using structured interviews, data were collected from ten schools of Lukulu district where cases of division are high among primary teachers. The sample size involved five Head teachers and ten primary school teachers in Lukulu district. The peace education theory by Harris (2003) was used to guide the study. The study found that factors such as management and leadership styles, cultural, political, religious and structural can divide teachers. The study proposes the MUNDIA theory as an important framework that can help to resolve the problem of division among primary teachers in Lukulu district.
Alicia I. Quinito, Grace D. Narido
This study assessed the pedagogical competence of non-major teachers handling Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health (MAPEH) and developed an intervention program to address identified instructional gaps. It examined teachers’ profiles, levels of pedagogical competence, teaching difficulties across MAPEH areas, and differences based on selected profile variables. Using a quantitative descriptive research design, the study involved 61 non-major MAPEH teachers from selected Bicol-speaking districts in Camarines Norte. Total enumeration was employed. Data were gathered through an adapted survey questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Kruskal–Wallis H test during Academic Year 2024–2025. Results indicated that most respondents had moderate teaching experience and specialized outside MAPEH. Overall pedagogical competence was rated moderate, with classroom management and teaching style scoring higher than subject matter competence. No significant differences in pedagogical competence were found across profile variables. Among the MAPEH areas, Physical Education was identified as the most challenging, followed by Health, Arts, and Music. Significant differences in teaching difficulties were observed in Music based on years of teaching experience, and in Arts and Health based on the number of relevant trainings attended. Based on the findings, the S.O.U.N.D (Strategies for Optimizing Understanding and Nurturing Music Development) Program was developed to enhance music-related competencies through hands-on, low-cost, and performance-based training aligned with the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers. The study concludes that targeted professional development is essential to address subject-specific challenges among non-major MAPEH teachers.
Janet Beatrice P. Bias, Mary Jellian Dherich J. Galgao*, Mattea Princess Janelle G. Aviles, Scott L. Gahum, Zoe Arabelle D. Diu
This study looked at how peer support affects adjustment for Grade 11 STEM students at a faith-based school. The goal was to see how peer support these students get in terms of emotional help, information and practical assistance as well as how well they adjust to school in terms of staying engaged handling stress and managing their time. The researchers used a survey to collect data from 150 Grade 11 STEM students at Mindanao Mission Academy in the Philippines. They made sure every student had a chance of being selected. The survey questions were based on tested ones. The results showed that these students generally get moderate to levels of peer support especially when it comes to emotional and practical help. They also do moderately well in adjusting to school with most of them being engaged in their studies. The researchers found a connection between peer support and how well students adjust to school. They also found that getting information from peers helps students cope with stress and emotional support helps them manage their time better. These findings are important because they show how peer support can help students deal with the challenges of STEM education in a faith-based school. The study can help teachers and school administrators understand how to support their students. For example they can set up peer mentoring programs, group study sessions and wellness programs to help students stay motivated and do well in school. More research is needed to understand how things, like self-confidence and motivation affect how students adjust to school.
Fadipe Bayo Micheal, Genesis Onah Agbudu, Idakwoji, Sunday Bene, Joyce A. Eniayeye
The study assessed the perceptions of teachers and students regarding the feasibility of the implementation of computer-based and computer-adaptive testing in science subjects among senior secondary schools in the Bwari Area Council, Abuja. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The study population consisted of 5,804 secondary science students and 96 science teachers from secondary schools in the Bwari Area Council. A simple random sampling technique was used for selecting schools for the study, while a sample of 374 students and 66 teachers was used for the study. An instrument titled “Computer-Based and Computer Adaptive Testing for Science Subjects in Secondary Schools in Abuja Questionnaire (CBCATSSSSAQ)” was used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by three experts in the Faculty of Science Education, Veritas University Abuja. A trial test was conducted on 30 students and 30 teachers who were not part of the sample but part of the population, using Cronbach's alpha reliability the trial test yielded a result of 0.92. The collected data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the two (2) research questions, while the hypothesis was tested using a t-test at a 0.05 significance level. The study found out that there are many challenges facing the actual feasibility of the implementation of CBT and CAT such as inadequate access to computers and technological resources to conduct CBT and CAT effectively, insufficient internet connectivity to support CBT and CAT sessions among others. Based on these findings, it was recommended that the government and relevant stakeholders should initiate targeted investments in digital infrastructure and pilot CBT and CAT programmes in secondary schools in Bwari Area Council, and school principals should ensure that internet facilities are provided in their schools to facilitate CBT and CAT and improve students’ engagement.
Mohd Nazir Md Zabit, Muhd Khalifah Sani Abd Latif, Nur Izzati Mohd Shafri, NurulAsyikin Hassan, Philip Yeoh Boon Leng, Tirzah Zubeidah Zachariah
This qualitative identify the Perceptions of History Teachers Towards the Development of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Using Cartoon Concept Framework in Malaysian Secondary Schools. The primary objectives of this study are: (i) To identify the level of content requirements for topics incorporated into the development of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Using the Cartoon Concept Framework in secondary schools based on the perspectives of History teachers and (ii) To identify the necessity to develop the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Using Cartoon Concept Framework in secondary schools based on the opinions of History teachers. The study involved seven purposively selected History teachers from secondary schools in Malaysia. The researcher used an interview protocol with two questions as the instrument for this study, semi-structured interview. The data was analyzed thematically, resulting in two key themes: Visual Learning Style and Teaching and Learning Approach, two keys subthemes: Visual Auditory Kinesthetic (VAK) and Problem Based Learning (PBL). The purpose for this study emphasised new learning methods by introducing the development of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Using the Cartoon Concept Framework to attract students in secondary schools. The findings of this study indicate that Problem Based Learning (PBL) Using the Cartoon Concept Framework can be used as a guideline to provide more practical and comprehensive methods in secondary schools throughout Malaysia. This is critical for improving students' diverse skills and abilities in accordance with the demands of 21st-century. As a result, the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE) ensuring that students pass History as a mandatory subject in order to qualify for the Malaysian Certificate of Education (SPM).
Thomas B. Fernandez
This study assessed the performance level of Junior High School students from Grades 7 to 10 at La Salette of Ramon, Inc. using the GRACE-PASS Mathematics Assessment administered during the Pretest on September 12, 2024, and the Posttest on March 7, 2025. Anchored on DepEd’s policy on formative assessment and the need to strengthen mathematics proficiency among Filipino learners, the study aimed to analyze students’ pretest and posttest results, identify the least mastered competencies, and propose instructional and remediation strategies for improving mathematical performance. Utilizing a descriptive-comparative research design, the study examined assessment results of 311 students and employed a paired sample t-test to determine significant differences in performance. Findings revealed statistically significant gains across all grade levels; however, students generally remained within the Developing level, indicating limited mastery of essential mathematical skills. Results showed varying improvements across competencies, with noticeable gains in Geometry and Data & Probability in some grade levels, but persistent gaps in Patterns and Algebra, Measurement, and higher-order reasoning across others. The least mastered competencies involved solving linear inequalities, applying geometric theorems, interpreting rational expressions, and working with rational and radical expressions. Despite upward trends from pretest to posttest, students continued to struggle in meeting proficiency standards, suggesting the need for targeted interventions. The study concludes that while instruction positively contributed to student performance, more focused remediation, differentiated instruction, and competency-based interventions are necessary to elevate students from Developing to Proficient levels and ensure readiness for senior high school mathematics.
Ally Seleman Mwita, Prof. Duwa Hamisi Chengula
The limited availability of high-quality aggregates in volcanic regions has increased interest in using locally available marginal materials for asphalt pavement construction. This study evaluates the suitability of blended cinder–basalt–sand aggregates for AC20 hot mix asphalt (HMA) surfacing of sealed low-volume roads in Mbeya Region, Tanzania. Physical and mechanical properties of cinder, basalt, and blended aggregates were determined, followed by Marshall mix design using 60/70 penetration grade bitumen. Natural cinder aggregates exhibited inadequate strength and durability, with low ten percent fines values and high crushing values, confirming their unsuitability for direct use in HMA. Blending with basalt significantly improved aggregate performance, with ten percent fines values increasing to 128–202 kN and aggregate crushing values reducing to 12.5–19%. Marshall test results showed that all blended mixtures satisfied specification requirements, with stability values of 10–12 kN, flow values of 2.5–3 mm, air voids of 4–7%, and voids in mineral aggregate of 18.5–22.4%. Optimum binder content increased with cinder content, ranging from 6.7% to 8.6%, reflecting the porous nature of cinder aggregates. The results of this study are based solely on Marshall mix design parameters and are therefore specific to low-volume road applications under moderate environmental exposure conditions. Performance-related properties such as moisture susceptibility, rutting resistance, and aging behavior were not evaluated and require further investigation before broader application.
Okokon B. Attih
This study was conducted to determine the effect of physical evidence on customer patronage of restaurants in Akwa Ibom State. The cross-sectional survey research design was used to obtain the primary data. The target population of this study comprised customers of selected restaurants in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The sample size of 336 respondents was selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Hypotheses were tested using simple linear regression model at 0.05 level of significance with p<0.05 indicating statistical significance. Data analyses were enhanced using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The simple linear regression results revealed that there is a positive significant effect of physical evidence-ambience, layout, and service staff on customer patronage of restaurants in Akwa Ibom State. It was concluded that physical evidence plays a crucial role in enhancing customers’ patronage, satisfaction and loyalty. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the operators of restaurant business should make ambience elements specific and use it as a major tool to have competitive advantage in the market. They should concentrate on providing ambience variables such as good lighting, music, scent, cleanliness, hygiene, etc. to create the desired atmosphere in the restaurants and influence customers’ experience and patronage. The operators of restaurant business should pay more attention to layout as a strategic arrangement of the restaurant space to provide for easy movement of employees and customers. Finally, the operators of restaurant business should improve on training their service staff on interpersonal relationship to develop interpersonal skills such as friendliness, attentiveness, sociability, and effective communication to enhance customers’ patronage, satisfaction and loyalty.
Alvin Jay D. Buco, Criseljosa W. Lacapag, Dr. Nancy E. Aranjuez, Jay B. Sordilla, YBVC, Jovert T. Baylon, Kristian P. Mangulare, Wilmer Dayagdag
Police transparency has become an essential component of democratic policing, influencing public trust, accountability, and institutional legitimacy. This study examined the relationship between police transparency and community perception of law enforcement credibility in selected barangays in Pagadian City, Philippines. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, data were collected from 80 respondents, including barangay officials and police personnel, through a structured questionnaire that measured police transparency indicators (media presence, community engagement, and body-worn camera use) and community perceptions of police credibility. Descriptive statistics and Kendall’s tau-b correlation analysis were employed to analyze the data. Results revealed that police transparency was perceived as high (WM = 3.97), while community perception of law enforcement credibility was very high (WM = 4.67). However, correlation analysis showed no statistically significant relationship between police transparency and community perception of credibility (τ = 0.016, p = 0.888). These findings suggest that while transparency practices are positively perceived, they do not independently determine public perceptions of police credibility. Instead, interpersonal conduct, professionalism, and procedural fairness may play more significant roles in shaping public trust. The study contributes to the policing literature by highlighting the complexity of trust formation and by providing policy recommendations to enhance police-community relations through procedural justice and sustained engagement strategies.
Chuma Patricia Chelimo
The study specifically explored the influence of tariffs and trade agreements on Kenya-Thailand Bilateral relations. The study was anchored on two interconnected theories namely; World System Theory and Dependency Theory. World Systems Theory described the Kenya-Thailand trade relationship within a hierarchical global system in which there are Structural Inequalities (unequal power relationships), Unequal Exchange (unequal terms of trade) and how middle-power economies influence peripheral trade outcomes. Dependency Theory explained how the Kenya-Thailand trade relationship may create or maintain structural dependence through unequal exchange, lack of value addition to products traded and reliance on manufactured imports thereby limiting Kenya’s long-term industrial transformation. A descriptive research design was employed for this investigation. The study target population included officials from the Thailand High Commission, Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affaires, Ministry of Trade, Investments and Industry, the Kenya National Chamber of Commerce & Industry (KNCCI) and traders from both Thailand and Kenya. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods were applied in this study. This study purposively selected a total of 65 respondents. This included officials from the Thailand High Commission (5), Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affaires (5), Ministry of Trade, Investments and Industry (5), the Kenya National Chamber of Commerce & Industry (KNCCI) (10) and traders from both Thailand and Kenya (20). Data collected was analysed and interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings established that Tariffs restrict trade, but preferential agreements, negotiations, and tariff reductions enhance market access, investments, and economic diplomacy. This study recommended the strengthening of political and diplomatic cooperation to support economic relations, promotion of economic diversification and industrial cooperation to address structural imbalances and deepening and rationalization of trade agreements to reduce tariff barriers and enhance market access between Kenya and Thailand.
Eva Jane J. Malbasias, RAgr, Glenne B. Lagura, DPA
This study examined whether political orientation mediates the relationship between organizational culture and public service motivation among employees of a Philippine Local Government Unit. A descriptive-correlational research design was implemented, with data collected from 360 employees using a structured survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, MedGraph, and the Sobel z-test. The results indicated that organizational culture, political orientation, and public service motivation were at high levels among respondents. Organizational culture demonstrated a significant positive relationship with public service motivation. Political orientation was also significantly associated with both organizational culture and public service motivation. Mediation analysis identified a significant partial mediation effect of political orientation (Sobel z = 4.27, p < 0.05), accounting for 25.41% of the total effect, with an indirect-to-direct effect ratio of 0.34. The total effect (β = 0.582) decreased but remained significant when political orientation was included in the model (direct effect β = 0.434), confirming partial mediation. These findings suggest that political orientation strengthens the influence of organizational culture on employees’ motivation to serve the public. In practice, the results imply that Local Government Units can enhance public service motivation by developing organizational cultures that foster positive political orientations among employees. This may be achieved through leadership initiatives, transparent governance practices, and targeted human resource development, thereby fostering a more motivated and committed public workforce. The study provides empirical evidence on the mediating mechanisms that influence public service motivation and offers actionable recommendations to improve the effectiveness of leadership and governance in Philippine Local Government Units.
Wasike David
This systematic literature review looks at how political theory and classical modern political thought are understood, interpreted, and contested in Ugandan political discussions and academic fields. It is based on 165 unique scholarly sources found through thorough database searches and a close study of the 30 most relevant papers. The review shows that political theory in Uganda is a complex area of ideological conflict, not a settled agreement. The evidence indicates that classical modern political thought, especially liberal, republican, and Marxist ideas, has been selectively used, critically reinterpreted, and strategically applied by Ugandan scholars, nationalists, and political figures since the colonial era. Key findings include: (1) Makerere University was the main institution for sharing and altering Western political theory between 1949 and 1968. It created a dominant curriculum that shaped elite political views; (2) nationalist leaders approached classical modern concepts through selective use and postcolonial rethinking, rather than full adoption; (3) current Ugandan political discussions involve active conflicts among liberal, Marxist, post-colonial, and hybrid regime theories. Each theory is used to support different ideas about governance, development, and sovereignty; and (4) while the involvement of elites and academics with political theory is well recorded, evidence about how the wider society understands it is still limited. This review helps us understand how political theory is shared, changed, and contested in postcolonial African settings.
Peter Situma Masibayi, Yasin Kuso Ghabon
The growth of renewable energy is viewed as a way to support both decarbonization as well as manufacturing and industrial development, yet available empirical evidence on its sector-specific growth effects in developing economies remains scarce. This study examines the relationship between renewable energy generation and manufacturing output in Kenya using annual data from 1980 to 2023 within an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework using data from WDI and EIA. Controlling for non-renewable generation, gross capital formation, as well as labour, the bounds testing approach confirms a stable long-run relationship between renewable energy generation and manufacturing sector growth in Kenya. The results indicate that renewable energy generation exerts a positive and statistically significant lagged effect such that a 1% increase in renewable generation increases manufacturing output by approximately 0.099% in the subsequent year. However, non-renewable energy generation displays delayed contractionary effects in the long run, thus suggesting potential structural inefficiencies associated with non-renewable energy sources. Gross capital formation remains the strongest determinant of manufacturing growth, underscoring the importance of complementary investment. The error correction term of -0.763 indicates rapid adjustment toward equilibrium by correcting 76.3% of disequilibrium annually. Diagnostic and stability tests confirm model robustness. The findings suggest that aligning renewable energy expansion with manufacturing and industrial policy can boost manufacturing growth and productivity while supporting long-term energy transition objectives in Kenya and comparable emerging economies.
Mohammed Arif Riaz, Said Jaouadi
This study evaluates machine learning and deep learning methodologies for forecasting metal prices (Titanium PPI, Bauxite & Aluminum, Coal Australia, and Iron Ore) within the context of the Indian economy. To enhance predictive precision, the analysis integrates key macroeconomic indicators, including the Indian CPI, industrial production, and the U.S. Federal Funds Rate. Empirical results demonstrate that tree-based ensembles, specifically the Random Forest model, consistently outperform other tested algorithms by achieving the lowest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) across all four commodities. Despite the theoretical advantages of deep learning for temporal sequence modeling, our findings indicate that tree-based models provide superior generalization and robustness against market volatility in this specific context. Furthermore, SHAP value analysis reveals that autoregressive target lags and specific macroeconomic variables are the primary drivers of price forecasts. These insights offer actionable guidance for policymakers and industrial stakeholders engaged in strategic planning and risk management.
ELUGBAJU Theresa, F. (M.A.), Oluwabusayo Odunayo Akinbiola (Ph.D.)
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and falls are major public health concerns among older adults, contributing to reduced quality of life, increased healthcare costs, and higher morbidity. This study investigated key predictors of MSDs and falls among retirees aged 65 years and above in Ife-Central Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was employed, with ethical clearance obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of the Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (protocol number HREC/2024/06/22). A purposive sample of 300 retirees participated, and data were collected using the modified Nordic Musculoskeletal and Postural Instability Questionnaire (NMPIQ) and the adapted Fall Efficacy and Gait Assessment Scale (FEGAS). Demographic variables such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, chronic disease history, medication use, and environmental factors were examined. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associations and predictors. Findings revealed moderate gait impairment (36.3%) and mild postural instability (0.73±0.70 on the PIGD scale). A high prevalence of MSDs was observed, with 86.3% reporting MSDs in the past 12 months and 80.7% in the past 7 days. Low back pain was the most common MSD, affecting 62.0% in the past year and 57.7% in the past week. Additionally, 60% of participants expressed moderate to high concern about falling. Living alone (χ²=22.29, p<0.05) and hypertension (χ²=15.97, p<0.05) were significantly associated with heightened fear of falling. FGA and PIGD emerged as the strongest modifiable correlates of fear of falling, with a strong negative correlation between FGA and FES (r = -0.52, p<0.05) and a positive correlation between PIGD and FES (r = 0.39, p<0.05). Multiple MSDs were also strongly associated with fear of falling (χ²=49.23, p<0.05 within 12 months; χ²=47.92, p<0.05 within 7 days), making them the strongest predictors of high fall concern. Overall, postural instability and gait abnormalities were identified as strong predictors of MSDs, while advancing age, fear of falling, and MSDs were the strongest predictors of actual falls among aged retirees.
Colonel Emmanuel Sithole, Rosemary Chilufya, Simson Mwale
Background: Many armed forces have improved opportunities for female officers, but significant barriers remain, especially regarding pregnancy and motherhood. Pregnancy, maternity leave, and childcare responsibilities may interrupt female officers’ career trajectories during critical phases of training, evaluation, and promotion. Objectives: This study examined the influence of pregnancy-related factors such as childbearing, age at first birth, and number of children on the career progression of female commissioned officers in the Zambia Army. Methods: Data from 118 officers were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression.
Dr. Pofung Dokbish Danung, Nandak James Dakas
This study investigates the prevalence of youths’ deviant attitude as attributed to parents’ careless attitude: roles of civic education. The study will adopt a descriptive survey research design to enable the researcher collect and analyze data on the consequences of youths’ deviant behaviour within the community. The population comprised of youths, parents, teachers, community leaders, and security personnel, from which a representative sample of 200 was selected using stratified random sampling to ensure adequate representation of all groups. A structured questionnaire titled Youths, Deviant Behaviour and Community Consequences Questionnaire (YDBCCQ) was used for data collection. Findings reveal a high incidence of deviance particularly among male youths aged 16–18 including vandalism, substance abuse, truancy, and violence. The study highlights significant negative impacts on community safety, economic stability, educational environments, and public health. While Civic Education is recognized as crucial for moral development and social responsibility, its implementation faces challenges such as inadequate resources and insufficient teacher training. The study concludes that effective parental supervision combined with strengthened Civic Education programmes, supported by community and government involvement, is essential to curb youth deviance and foster societal balance. Recommendations are provided for stakeholders including parents, community and religious leaders, school administrators, and government agencies.
Andrew Budiman, Putu Anom Mahadwartha
This study to analyze the effect of price, product quality, and information on product packaging on customer satisfaction and its impact on consumer buying behavior for Ultra Milk products. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method, and data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results show that price, product quality, and information on product packaging have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer satisfaction has been proven to have a significant effect on consumer buying behavior and acts as a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between price, product quality, and information on packaging and consumer buying behavior. Among the factors studied, product quality and perceived price fairness play an important role in shaping consumer satisfaction, which ultimately drives repurchase intention.
Fikayo Akeredolu
This review examines how Principal–Agent theory explains the performance of Results Based Climate Finance (RBCF), drawing on the World Bank's Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes (ISFL) as its primary empirical case. PA theory identifies four structural risks in climate finance: adverse selection when agents overstate readiness; moral hazard when grant-funded activities lack performance discipline; multitask trade-offs when carbon metrics crowd out social and environmental co-benefits; and contract incompleteness when verification systems cannot anticipate all contingencies. Evidence from ISFL's decade-long operation confirms that results-based design — through Emission Reductions Purchase Agreements (ERPA), jurisdictional monitoring, buffer mechanisms, and Benefit Sharing Plans (BSPs) — meaningfully addresses some of these problems. Yet readiness delays, additionality uncertainty, and persistent equity tensions reveal that agency risks are restructured rather than eliminated by results-based payments. Effective climate finance requires complementary institutional reforms that distribute risks equitably, build adaptive governance capacity, and embed incentive design within broader political economy conditions that contracts alone cannot create.
Ekpeyong Uduakobong Nse, Jeremiah Nsidibe Okon, Umoh Itohowo Mfon
This study examined the influence of principals' evaluation frequency on teachers' emotional stability in public secondary schools in Akwa Ibom North-East Senatorial District, Nigeria, during the 2024/2025 academic session. The independent variables were observation frequency and feedback frequency, while the dependent variable was teachers' emotional stability. Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study, tested at the 0.05 level of significance using an ex post facto research design. The target population consisted of 1,115 teachers drawn from 85 public secondary schools across nine Local Government Areas in Akwa Ibom North-East Senatorial District. A sample of 225 teachers was selected using stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation across the nine Local Government Areas, school types, and teaching experience levels. Data were collected using two instruments: a researcher-developed Principals' Evaluation Frequency Questionnaire (PEFQ) containing 24 items to measure observation and feedback frequency, and the standardized Teacher Emotional Stability Scale (TESS) containing 20 items adapted from established emotional stability inventories. The PEFQ demonstrated a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.84, while the TESS yielded 0.87. Simple linear regression analysis was employed for data analysis. Results showed that observation frequency significantly predicted teachers' emotional stability (β = 0.39, t = 4.52, p < 0.001, R² = 0.16). Feedback frequency significantly predicted teachers' emotional stability (β = 0.44, t = 5.18, p < 0.001, R² = 0.19). The joint prediction of observation and feedback frequency significantly influenced teachers' emotional stability (β = 0.48, t = 5.89, p < 0.001, R² = 0.23). These findings suggest that both dimensions of principals' evaluation frequency are associated with teachers' emotional stability, with feedback frequency demonstrating slightly stronger predictive power. It is recommended that principals establish structured evaluation schedules with balanced observation and feedback cycles, that the Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education develop guidelines for supportive supervisory practices, and that teacher training programs incorporate emotional resilience components to enhance stability in the Nigerian secondary school context.
Kimani, E.M., Nduruhu, D.K., Tache, J.M.
Financial performance plays a significant role in enhancing investor confidence, attracts capital, and facilitates long-term strategic growth. In Kenya, investment firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) are expected to play a pivotal role in capital mobilization, investment channeling, and national economic development. However, despite access to various investment portfolio, many listed investment firms continue to register inconsistent and often declining financial outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of private equity on the financial performance of investment firms listed at the NSE in Kenya. The study was guided by risk-return tradeoff theory. This study adopted a descriptive research design. Target population for the study was the 5 investment firms listed at NSE in Kenya. Census was used where all the 5 investment firms listed under the investment sector of the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) as at December 2024 was used. This study relied exclusively on secondary data and this data was obtained using a secondary data collection sheet from 2015-2024. Data was coded and entered into STATA used to perform statistical analysis. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics included minimum, maximum, means, standard deviation and variances. Inferential analysis included correlation and panel regression analysis Diagnostic tests including normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, unit root, Hausman, test of independence of residual and linearity tests were performed to ensure that the assumptions of regression model were not violated. The overall panel regression results revealed that private equity positively influenced financial performance, with a coefficient of 0.00000112 (p=0.003), demonstrating its effectiveness as a high-return asset class. The study concluded that investment in private equity significantly influenced the financial performance of the investment firms listed at NSE in Kenya. The study recommends that investment firms should adopt proactive management and redevelopment portfolio strategies to enhance capital appreciation, thereby improving the overall financial performance.
Anne C. Barmao, Siad Barre
Physics provides the conceptual and methodological foundation upon which many other scientific fields are built up on. Despite its importance, students’ academic achievement in physics in Isiolo Sub County has generally been poor partly due to their low critical thinking skills. Teaching approaches have been cited as one of the factors that influence students’ critical thinking skills. This study investigated effects of problem-based learning (PBL) approach on students' acquisition of critical thinking skills in physics in public co-education secondary schools in Isiolo Sub County, Kenya. The study adopted Solomon Four Quasi Experimental research design. The accessible population comprised 265 form two students. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select 4 co-educational secondary schools and a sample of 128 form two students who took part in the study. Critical Thinking Skills Physics Test (CTSPT) was used to collect data. Face and content validity of CTSTP was checked through expert judgment and its estimated reliability was 0.741. The Statistical Package for Social Science aided data analysis. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-test were used to test hypothesis at α = .05 level. The findings indicated that the difference between critical thinking skills of students exposed to PBL and those taught using conventional methods was statistically significant, F(3, 124) = 10.267, p<.05. The paper concludes that PBL improves students’ acquisition of critical thinking skills as compared to regular teaching methods. These findings may assist Physics teachers improve learners’ acquisition of physics critical thinking skills and performance in the subject. The findings may also assist physics teacher trainers in strengthening PBL components in their training programmes. This may contribute to equipping teacher trainees with pedagogical skills that can nurture and develop their learners’ critical thinking skills.
Irma Wani Othman, Kasoma Thia, Mohamad Ali Abdullah, Mohd Nasrun Mohd Talib, Saifulazry Mokhtar, Syazani Japkin
This article explores the prospects of developing an Islamic communication model grounded in the Qur’an as a comprehensive, revelation-based theoretical framework for da'wah. Beyond serving as the primary source of Islamic teachings, the Qur’an presents structured and holistic principles of communication that encompass key elements such as the communicator (da‘i), the da'wah message, communication channels, the target audience (mad‘u), as well as the effects and implications of communication on individuals and society. These principles are reflected in various Qur’anic verses that emphasize approaches rooted in wisdom (hikmah), good counsel (maw‘izhah hasanah), constructive dialogue (mujadalah billati hiya ahsan), and ethical, empathetic communication. In the context of contemporary da'wah, which operates within increasingly diverse social, cultural, and technological environments, the effectiveness of da'wah depends not only on the substance of the message but also on the method of delivery and the preacher’s ability to understand the realities, needs, and contexts of the audience. Therefore, internalizing Qur’anic communication values is essential to ensure that da'wah is conducted effectively, respectfully, and sustainably. This study adopts a qualitative research approach through content analysis of Qur’anic verses related to communication and da'wah, supported by classical and contemporary tafsir literature as well as modern communication and da'wah studies. Thematic analysis is employed to identify core elements of da'wah communication and examine their relationship with established communication theory frameworks. The findings reveal that the Qur’an-based Islamic communication model holds strong potential to be developed as a holistic, normative, and practical framework for da'wah, while simultaneously complementing and enriching existing communication theories. This study contributes to the advancement of Islamic da'wah and communication studies by highlighting the importance of integrating modern communication theories with Qur’anic communication principles to address contemporary societal challenges effectively.
Dr. Aondokighir, Terzungwe
This study examined the effect of quota system recruitment on the performance of Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Specifically, it assessed the influence of merit–quota balance, skill–job matching, and political interference on institutional performance. The study was anchored on Organizational Justice Theory as proposed by Jerald Greenberg (1990). A survey research design was adopted, with a study population of 699 staff of Benue State University, Makurdi, from which a sample size of 254 respondents was drawn. Data were collected using an adapted questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was employed for data analysis with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 27. The findings revealed a strong positive association between quota system recruitment and the performance of Benue State University, Makurdi. Further results showed that the quota system recruitment dimensions merit–quota balance, skill–job matching, and political interference have significant effects on the university’s performance.
Teke Johnson Takwa
The Waza-Logone plain as many other parts of the Sahel, is characterized by two very contrasting seasons –a long dry season lasting for a large part of the year and a short rainy season lasting 4 to 5 months. There is a negative soil water balance due to high evapotranspiration which is more than 100mm per month. The volume and distribution of rainfall vary significantly from one year to another with frequent droughts..Information collected from household heads, community opinion leaders and field observations show that the essentially agro-pastoral populations have adopted many coping strategies. These include the extension of farming and rearing surfaces leading into the protected Waza National Park, a switch to the cultivation crops that require short rainy periods such as sorghum. Other adaptions include the collection and planting of Arabic gummosis and the combination of farming activities with handicraft works and/or commerce. Some animal breeders practice semi-nomadism and others transhumance as a means of adapting to the changing climatic conditions. These changes come with profound socio-spatial changes. Despite the populations’ ability to adapt to variations in rainfall, many challenges persist.The increasing population pressure on limited and reducing water resources in the face of recurrent water shortages and droughts has exacerbated the situation. If urgent measures are not taken to control population growth and build drought resilient infrastructure, the socio-spatial mutations in his area could lead to more negative repercusions.
Hana Zahra Faisa, Taufiqur Rahman
The lack of public understanding of the importance of sexual education has led to many cases of sexual violence among Indonesian teenagers. In addition, cultural taboos and negative stigma in society also hinder the delivery of sex education, especially to parents and educational institutions. With these problems, the @taulebih.id platform has developed a long-term strategy to minimize victims of sexual violence and erase the negative stigma regarding taboos in sexual education by creating educational programs and content as a preventive measure to prevent these problems. This research aims to describe how the social marketing strategy carried out by the @taulebih.id platform through Instagram raises awareness about sex education among children, adolescents, and parents. This research is a case study with research data obtained from in-depth interviews with four informants and documentation studies. The results of this study show that @taulebih.id implements a social marketing strategy with a focus on increasing public awareness about sexuality education, especially from an Islamic perspective, and in implementing its strategy, @taulebih.id has several specific approaches through visual and interactive content, a storytelling approach by conveying messages through relevant stories or case studies, and also through an age approach by adjusting language and content to the age characteristics of the audience. The Islamic framing serves as a key differentiating factor that enhances message legitimacy and reduces sociocultural resistance. However, the evaluation of campaign effectiveness remains limited to awareness-level indicators, as it primarily measures engagement and audience responses rather than long-term behavioral change. This study highlights the potential of faith-based digital social marketing in addressing sensitive social issues while also underscoring the need for more comprehensive impact measurement to assess behavioral outcomes.
Dr. Intan Farahana binti Kamsin, Thoasshaanaah Nallappan
This independent study examines the readiness and challenges faced by teachers in integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into lesson planning. The study, which uses a qualitative researrch approach involving interviews and classroom observations with selected eight teachers. In addition, there are questions about both the integration of AI in lessons for qualitative data analysis According to the findings, suggestions that more studies analysed shows that use of AI have a potential to improve lesson design, engagement and personalization. The main issues noted from the studies are insufficient infrastructure, a lack of exposure to AI technologies and a lack of clarity regarding how to match AI characteristics with curricular objectives. Nevertheless, a number of participants indicated that they would be open to integrate AI given the right assistance and training. The study adds to the current discussion about the digital transformation of teaching methods and provides insights into the practical circumstances necessary for the successful integration of AI in education.
Nomelita S. Lo, Edd, Rizza Gernette Ann M. Lo
This study assessed the readiness of public schools in Basud District, Camarines Norte, for inclusive education, focusing on the accessibility and adaptability of school facilities to support diverse learning needs. A quantitative descriptive–correlational research design was employed, and data were collected from 68 respondents, including school leaders, teachers, and Senior High School Coordinators during the School Year 2025–2026. A validated researcher-made questionnaire examined the availability of facilities, the level of readiness for inclusive education, and challenges encountered by school administrators. Descriptive statistics and Somers’ Delta correlation were used for analysis. Findings revealed that schools demonstrated moderate to good readiness in infrastructure, sanitation, and general safety facilities; however, notable gaps persist in accessibility features for learners with disabilities. Limited assistive technologies, Braille signage, accessible sanitation adaptations, and safety equipment were identified as critical areas needing improvement. Correlation analysis indicated that classroom, sanitation, and safety facilities significantly influence school readiness for inclusive education. The study concludes that infrastructure alone does not ensure readiness for inclusive education. Accessible and adaptable learning environments are essential to effectively support diverse learners. Based on these findings, Project ACSSIE (Advancing Classroom, Sanitation, and Safety for Inclusive Education) is proposed to strengthen the readiness of school facilities for inclusive education in Basud District public schools.
Adebawojo, Oladipupo Akindehinde, Ahannaya, Gandolph Chinedu, Alu, Chituru, Enyi, Patrick Enyi, Eze, Ogbonnaya Nweze
This study provides a systematic examination and critical evaluation of prevailing methodologies for incorporating risk into investment appraisal and project planning. It advances the argument that inadequate recognition or improper integration of risk—often arising from the use of flawed or overly complex analytical models—can materially distort decision outcomes and undermine project viability. Using a desk research approach, the study analyzes cash flow estimates from five projects drawn from the authors’ tutorial archive. The project parameters were assessed using discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques and risk metrics generated through Monte Carlo simulation, Mean Relative Regression (MRR) analysis, and Enyi’s simplified statistical risk model, which also produced the distribution of risk around mean cash flows. The findings reveal that the more sophisticated models not only pose practical challenges in application but also yield inconsistent results. In contrast, the risk distribution insights produced by Enyi’s simplified statistical model offer clearer, more coherent guidance for investment planning and project appraisal decision makers. The study contributes to the literature by highlighting the value of simplified, transparent risk integration frameworks in enhancing the reliability of capital investment decisions.
Muaz Azinuddin, Muhammad Zuhdi Abu Bakar
Sustainable Intelligence (SI) has emerged as a crucial concept, particularly in sustainability and environmental studies. Despite its growing popularity among scholars across various fields, including education, organisations, community, tourism, and environment, SI still lacks a robust definition and confusing dimensions that can alter the content of studies. This paper aims to refine the SI framework by integrating perspectives from ecological intelligence, environmental ethics, systems intelligence, and cognitive sustainability. Through this integration, SI is presented as a multidimensional approach that can enhance environmental quality and improve practicality for stakeholders, promoting a long-term, positive impact on sustainability. The refinement provides a clearer context for sustainability, closing the gap between knowledge of sustainability and sustained behavioural change, and highlights its functionality across various sectors. By strengthening the SI framework, it can be applied by scholars, thereby reducing the research gap and increasing the likelihood of its application in future empirical research to foster sustainability-oriented thinking and behaviour.
Bridget Maumbe, Eager Mwerenga, Emmanuel Mapopota, Everson R. Zhou, James Sengu, Olsvado Tambwali, Perpetua Govha, Phillip Rangwani, Victor D. Gwai
The integration of artificial intelligence tools into educational contexts has created fundamental challenges for traditional academic integrity frameworks. This study investigates how learning institutions can transition from punitive detection-based approaches to developmental frameworks that prepare students for AI-augmented professional environments. Through a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach combining surveys of 385 students and educators across five Zimbabwean universities, semi-structured interviews with 24 academic integrity officers, and systematic content analysis of 67 institutional AI policies, we examine current practices, perceptions, and emerging frameworks for academic integrity in the AI era. Our findings reveal significant disconnect between institutional policies (78% remain detection-focused) and pedagogical needs, with 64% of students reporting confusion about appropriate AI use. Quantitative analysis using SPSS revealed statistically significant relationships between AI literacy training and reduced academic misconduct (χ² = 47.32, p < .001), and between developmental policy frameworks and student confidence in ethical AI use (r = .68, p < .001). We propose a comprehensive "Developmental Integrity Framework" (DIF) emphasizing AI literacy, transparent collaboration protocols, and competency-based assessment. Implementation pilots across three institutions demonstrated 43% reduction in academic misconduct cases (t = -5.87, p < .001), 56% increase in students' critical evaluation skills when engaging with AI-generated content (F = 23.45, p < .001), and 71% improvement in faculty confidence in assessing AI-mediated student work. This research contributes to global discourse on academic integrity transformation while providing contextualized insights specific to resource-constrained educational environments in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Caroline Chance
Loneliness has emerged as a pressing global concern that affects psychological [2], public health [4], educational, and social outcomes. Research conducted across multiple countries revealed that 9–14% of the world’s adolescents experience loneliness on a regular basis [1]. Large-scale studies conducted in schools across over 90 countries revealed the presence of regular feelings of loneliness among school-going students [1]. In the United States, it was found that 1 in 5 people suffer from loneliness on a daily basis [3]. The younger generation is most affected by this [3]. These results not only place loneliness as an individual-level construct but also as a public health issue that requires preventative measures [4]. Schools are a vital institution for the development of young people and are at the intersection of education, psychology, public health, and policy [5,6,7,8,9,10]. This paper will adopt an interdisciplinary approach to examine the roles of the formal, informal, and hidden curricula in teaching human interaction skills and preventing loneliness [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Applying curriculum theory, psychology, and public health approaches to prevention [2,4,11], this paper contends that schools can play a social protection role for students if the importance of relationships, feelings of belonging, and emotional intelligence are brought into the curriculum [11]. The policy implications include developing effective standards for social and emotional learning, positive school climate initiatives, and addressing content not covered in the curricula [6,7,8,11]. In this manner, schools can be a solution to loneliness before it becomes a serious problem with mental health and society [2,4].
Chauke Valerie, Chihwayi Alice, Gomba Proud, Hananda Loreen, Matare Morningstar, Mutanda Casper, Ndlovu Isaac, Nyahangari Cynthia, Sande Sheilla, Sengu James
Maternal mortality remains a significant public health challenge in Zimbabwe despite policy reforms and international support, with preventable deaths persisting particularly in rural and peri-urban areas where access to skilled birth attendants and functional health systems is limited. This study examined the role of skilled birth attendants and healthcare system strengthening in reducing maternal mortality in selected districts of Zimbabwe using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design. Qualitative data from focus groups, interviews, and observations informed a structured questionnaire administered to 120 respondents, with thematic analysis for qualitative data and SPSS (Version 26) used for quantitative analysis, including Pearson Chi-square tests at a 5% significance level. Findings revealed that availability of skilled birth attendants, distance to facilities, quality of care, health system resources, household income, and education level significantly influenced maternal health service utilisation (p < 0.05). The study concludes that improving healthcare infrastructure, increasing access to skilled birth attendants, enhancing midwife training, and removing financial barriers are essential strategies for reducing maternal mortality in Zimbabwe.
Afifa Aduri, Sheikh Sakib Rahman
Bangladesh has achieved substantial reductions in cyclone mortality through investments in early warning, the Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP), and multipurpose cyclone shelters. Yet governance failures erode trust and prevent equitable access for distinct groups of women, older persons, persons with disabilities, and others. Evidence from coastal communities reveals that sheltering systems can still reproduce insecurity as a result of overcrowding, poor water and sanitation facilities, limited privacy, uneven accessibility, and governance failures that undermine trust and equity of access for women, older persons, persons with disabilities, and other groups. This paper re-examined cyclone shelters in the coastal regions of Bangladesh as socio-spatial institutions of community-based disaster response. Also, it applied a human security lens- protection, participation, and governance to compare two models of cyclone shelters in the region. These two models were government-managed multipurpose shelters and community design-led shelters with Friendship NGO support. Using a qualitative, secondary-data comparative case study approach, the paper synthesizes peer-reviewed literature, policy documents, and humanitarian/NGO reports and triangulates findings with secondary empirical evidence on shelter accessibility, use, and management. The analysis finds that government shelters are highly effective in mitigating or preventing damage to human lives from natural and human-induced disasters but often deliver uneven human security due to standardized designs and centralized management. Shelters that are driven by the community or design show how participatory planning in combination with everyday use and locally legible accountability mechanisms can improve dignity and utilization, although Sustainability and scaling remain challenges. To make shelter systems inclusive, accountable, and people-centered, this paper concludes with governance recommendations and policy.
Dr Sabari Shankar Ravichandran
This research note reconceptualizes gay tourism branding through the lenses of identity affirmation, digital mediation, and sustainability orientation. While existing scholarship has examined the motives and behaviours of gay tourists, limited attention has been paid to how inclusive branding, virtual spaces, and regenerative tourism practices intersect within this evolving domain. Adopting a structured narrative review approach, 56 peer-reviewed publications published between 2007 and 2023 were identified through searches in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Following defined inclusion criteria, 44 studies were retained for in-depth thematic analysis. The review identifies emerging research opportunities in areas including virtual gay tourism branding, digitally mediated destination image formation, inclusive policy frameworks, and sustainable travel behaviours. The paper proposes a conceptual framework illustrating the interconnections between gay tourist identity, digital engagement, destination branding, and sustainability orientation. The implications extend to destination management organizations, policymakers, and scholars by positioning inclusivity not merely as a market strategy but as a catalyst for ethical and regenerative tourism development. The study contributes to advancing discourse on equality, representation, and sustainable destination competitiveness within contemporary tourism scholarship.
Adila Zakaria*, Hanis Nazurah Abu Hassan, Iziq Eafifi Ismail, Norliza Mohd Isa, Norshahida Azili
The discussion of healing environments has increasingly acknowledged the significance of the cultural and spiritual dimensions of healthcare architecture. Nevertheless, in the Malaysian context, the architectural implementation of Islamic values in hospital design is inadequately theorised and inconsistently executed. Existing Islamic Concept Hospitals (ICH) primarily focus on Shariah-compliant services and management, with minimal systematic integration of Islamic ethical precepts into spatial and environmental design techniques. This study fills this gap by recontextualising healing spaces through the integration of Islamic principles into hospital design. A qualitative multiple-case study methodology was employed to investigate five private and one government Islamic Concept Hospital in Malaysia. Data were collected through site inspections, semi-structured interviews with authorities, and document analysis. Thematic analysis utilising ATLAS.ti facilitated the identification and categorisation of recurring design motifs. The results identify eight interconnected design requirements, categorised as tangible (natural environment, spatial planning and accessibility, aesthetics, and maintenance) and intangible (professionalism, spiritual care, education, and user well-being). These criteria are fundamentally rooted in the Islamic virtues of rahmah (mercy) and ihsan (compassion) and are elucidated by the principles of Maqasid Shariah. This study proposes a value-centric design paradigm that systematically converts Islamic ethical principles into architectural strategies, moving beyond mere symbolic representation to achieve spatial, environmental, and operational harmony. The study helps to conceptualise culturally responsive healing environments in plural societies by bridging the gap between Islamic Built Environment theory and current healthcare design discourse. The proposed paradigm provides insights for architects, healthcare planners, and policymakers seeking to integrate spiritual values, patient-centered care, and sustainability into hospital design.
Prof. Galega D. Samgena,
Technology transfer is frequently presented as a pathway through which developing countries can accelerate economic development. Across Africa, governments increasingly look to innovation, digital transformation and emerging technologies as answers to long-standing structural challenges. However, experience shows that technology on its own does not automatically produce development. Where infrastructure is unreliable, institutions are fragmented and regulatory systems lack coordination, even advanced technologies struggle to generate lasting impact. This article examines technology transfer in Cameroon through the innovation-infrastructure lens, arguing that the failure of technology transferred to translate into development, is rooted less in the absence of technology, but more in the inadequacy of the infrastructures that support its absorption and use. Adopting a doctrinal and qualitative methodology, the study analyzes the legal and regulatory environment governing technology transfer and identifies key infrastructural constraints and capability gaps, with particular attention to the energy sector. It demonstrates that, Cameroon has made progress in facilitating access to foreign technology, regulatory fragmentation, infrastructural deficits and capability gaps continue to impede effective learning, adaptation and diffusion. This means that, technology is introduced but not domesticated. The article thus, contends that regulating technology transfer for development requires moving beyond innovation-focused only, towards governance strategies that prioritize infrastructure development, institutional coherence and long-term capability building. It concludes by advancing context-specific recommendations aimed at aligning technology transfer regulation with Cameroon’s development realities.
Dr. Elizabeth Mutisya, Dr. Josephine Mutua, Sharon Soi
Academic success is regarded as a crucial component of both individual and societal success. Students who thrive academically have an opportunity to pursue higher education and have a high possibility of finding employment. A majority of the secondary schools in Sigowet/Soin Sub County have been registering below average mean scores in KCSE. The problem has continued to persist despite the abundance of research literature on the factors that can be addressed to improve academic achievement. This raises concerns on the external validity of the findings and the robustness of the methodologies used. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between academic goal setting and academic achievement among form three students in Sigowet/Soin Sub County. The study was guided by goal setting theory by Lock and Latham (2002). Correlational research design also guided the study. The target population for this study was 36564 form three students in 32 public secondary schools in Sigowet/Soin Sub County. Purposive, proportionate, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 12 secondary schools and 380 students. Data were collected using academic self-goal setting scale. Academic achievement of the students was obtained from end of term examination results. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson product moment correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to test the research hypotheses. The results revealed existence of a moderate positive and significant relationship between academic goal setting and academic achievement, r (382) = .55, p < .05. On the subscales of academic goal setting, the personal growth goals sub scale had a moderate positive and significant relationship with academic achievement, r (382) = .50, p < .05. On academic improvement goals, results revealed that there was a moderate positive and significant relationship with academic achievement, r (382) = .57, p < .05. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education and curriculum developers should incorporate academic goal setting in students learning content to enhance students’ academic achievement.
Junaidah Yusof, Nor Firdous Mohamed, Nurul Izzah Md. Akhir
Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between health self-efficacy and healthy lifestyle behaviours among young adults in Malaysia. It specifically sought to explore how individuals’ confidence in managing their health influences their engagement in behaviours such as regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, and other health-promoting practices. By investigating this association, the study aims to provide insights that can inform the development of targeted interventions and strategies to enhance self-efficacy and support the adoption of sustainable healthy lifestyles in this population. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed. Data were collected from 166 young adults in Perak, Malaysia using purposive sampling. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire comprising socio-demographic items, the Health-Specific Self-Efficacy Scale (HSSES), and the Healthy Lifestyle Screening Tool (HLST). Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were conducted. Results: Descriptive analyses showed that male participants and those with tertiary education reported higher mean scores for health self-efficacy and healthy lifestyle behaviours compared to female participants and those with secondary education; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate and statistically significant positive association between health self-efficacy and healthy lifestyle behaviours (r (164) = 0.568, p < .001). No significant differences were observed in health self-efficacy or healthy lifestyle behaviours based on gender or level of education. Conclusion: Health self-efficacy was significantly associated with healthy lifestyle behaviours among Malaysian young adults. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating self-efficacy enhancing strategies in health promotion interventions targeting young adults. This study contributes to the limited empirical evidence in the Malaysian context and provides support for developing evidence-based approaches to encourage healthier lifestyle practices among young adults.
Dr. Manasi Echaune, PhD*
Students’ achievement scores in Mathematics at the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) has remained unsatisfactory over years. This has been linked to low teacher competence. The study sought to examine the relationship between teacher pedagogical competence and students’ achievement in Mathematics at KCSE. The specific objectives of the study were to; (i) determine the pedagogical competence of secondary school teachers in Kenya, (ii) establish the relationship between teacher pedagogical competence and students’ achievement in mathematics at KCSE and (iii) examine the effect of teacher pedagogical competence on students’ achievement at KCSE. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study involved 238 teachers drawn from 35 secondary schools in Kenya. simple random sampling was used to select schools and teachers. Self-administered questionnaire, observation checklists and FDG schedule were used to collect data. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 26). Qualitative data from interviews and FDGs was analyzed thematically. Findings were presented in tables and figures. The study revealed that teacher competence in involving learners to design teaching and learning aid, use of participatory teaching and learning strategies, constructing tests and examination and creating portfolio for teaching had statistically significant positive correlation with students’ achievement in mathematics. The study also revealed that teacher competence in giving assessment feedback was a strong predictor of students’ achievement in mathematics. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that teacher professional development programmes should focus on enhancing teacher competence in providing assessment feedback.
Ben Musonye Akala, PhD.
House helps propel the global labour industry yet are the most overexploited workers regardless of their complementary and substitution roles in sustainable development. They comprise predominantly marginalized women performing several domestic chores. In Kenya and particularly Nairobi, they face unique challenges as envisaged in the Real Househelps of Kawangware television comedy. Poor remuneration had engendered dwindling welfare domestically and Middle East exodus in search of greener pastures culminating to torture and even death. Thus, this paper examines remuneration and the welfare of house helps in Nairobi, Kenya. It particularly establishes the: job description of; determines the potential risks facing; and examines the welfare of; house helps in Nairobi. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive research design. Primary data was obtained from 100 purposively sampled house helps, complemented by secondary data. The study revealed that their amorphous job description of 42 chores comprised thirteen very frequently; nineteen frequently; nine rarely ; and one unethical tasks performed. On average, they worked for 14 hours, commencing at 5.00am in hostile environment. With an average salary of Kshs.6225.40, most (69%) of them earned less than Kshs 7,500 which lay below the legislated minimum wage of Kshs.13,572.90. It was demonstrated that the prevailing chronic house help remuneration and welfare dilemma were a function of the philosophy behind the term ‘help’. Thus, all these atrocities meted on house helps downgraded their welfare hence enforcement of compliance to the labour laws and formalising the occupation were behind schedule in Kenya.
Siti Farah Mohamed Yusoff Tajudin, Zaherawati Zakaria
The Malaysian housing market has been plagued by the issue of residential property overhang, which has caused policymakers, developers, and urban planners to express worry. To find, compile, and evaluate the trends, root causes, and wider ramifications of residential property overhang in Malaysia, this study thoroughly examines the body of existing literature. The Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were used to compile relevant publications from 2000 to 2025 for a systematic literature review (SLR) that followed the PRISMA guidelines. According to this analysis, the residential property overhang in Malaysia is influenced by a few factors, such as disparities between the supply and demand for housing, speculative construction methods, affordability concerns, inefficient site selection, and regulatory restrictions. Additionally, this data highlights regional variations between states, where high-rise buildings and luxury developments are disproportionately affected. The paper outlines the socioeconomic consequences, such as urban inequality, slower market absorption rates, and a decline in investment confidence. Persistent structural disparities highlight the need for a more integrated strategy that connects market data analysis, housing policy reforms, and sustainable urban development, even in the face of many government endeavours to address this urgent issue. This study advances knowledge of this unregulated occurrence and makes recommendations for future research avenues for creating a conceptual framework that supports sensible planning and policy initiatives to stabilise the Malaysian residential real estate market.
Tecla Cecilia Kirwa
Despite the devolved system of governance in Kenya, most of the counties, especially western Kenya, continue to face problems in raising enough own source revenue to fund their operations. As the local governments are under pressure to raise enough internal revenue to finance their operations, the need to adopt transparent and efficient revenue systems is no longer a choice but a requirement. This study sought to examine the relationship between revenue collection strategies and revenue yields in Western Kenyan counties with the goal of identifying best practices, systemic shortcomings, and feasible policy interventions. Guided by Public Financial Management theory the study employed a descriptive research design of 535 employees of county governments working in the revenue department of western counties of Kenya. A sample of 228 was approximated using the Yamane formula. Standardized questionnaires were employed in data collection and validity and reliability was ensured. The findings indicate that electronic payment systems (β= .627, ρ< .05), public enlightenment campaigns (β= .565, ρ< .05), and decentralized collection systems (β= 0.636, ρ< .05) have increased revenue inflows. The study recommends investments in training employees and using real-time auditing systems to boost revenue generation. This is considered to be an achievement of relevance to policy in improving revenue performance in county governments.
Mohd Erfanishah Abdullah, Noraini Saro
The incorporation of digital learning into human resources (HR) strategies is gaining significance in fostering organizational advancement, particularly within the framework of contemporary industrial development. This article examines the dynamic interplay between digital learning and human resources practices, investigating how technological innovations are transforming workforce training, development, and performance management processes. The digitalization of human resources practices, through the implementation of e-learning, virtual classrooms, artificial intelligence-powered tools, and mobile learning platforms, allows organizations to deliver more effective and individualized employee development programs. These developments not only enhance operational efficiency but also facilitate continuous employee skill and knowledge development. Industrial development will be significantly impacted, necessitating industries accommodating swift technological advancements by cultivating a highly proficient and flexible labor force. This document provides a review of pertinent literature, assesses employed methodologies, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages associated with the incorporation of digital learning into human resource strategies. This research further examines the function of leadership in guaranteeing the effective execution of these digital learning initiatives. Concluding remarks encompass recommendations for prospective human resources strategies and industrial advancement.
Edilberto A. San Carlos
Barangays play a critical role in disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) in the Philippines, serving as the frontline institutions for preparedness, response, and recovery. While national policies provide standardized templates for Barangay DRRM (BDRRM) Plans, questions remain as to whether these plans are substantively risk-informed or primarily compliance-driven. This study qualitatively reviews the BDRRM Plans of 27 barangays in Naga City to examine the extent to which plan content reflects localized risk conditions rather than mere adherence to prescribed formats. The study employed a qualitative document review and thematic analysis of approved BDRRM Plans, supported by triangulation with multiple secondary data sources, including the Naga City Integrated Risk Analysis, Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment, climate risk projections, a barangay-level Social Vulnerability Index, and documented impacts of a recent major tropical cyclone. A researcher-designed assessment scorecard was used as a supplementary qualitative aid to document patterns of full, partial, or absent articulation across key plan components. Analysis focused on internal plan coherence, risk articulation, integration of social vulnerability, and responsiveness to observed disaster experience. Findings indicate that while most barangay plans demonstrate formal compliance with mandated templates, substantial variation exists in their degree of risk-informedness. Many plans exhibit generic narratives, limited differentiation despite contrasting risk profiles, and a strong emphasis on response-oriented measures, with comparatively weaker attention to prevention, mitigation, and socially differentiated preparedness. High-risk and high-vulnerability barangays do not consistently demonstrate correspondingly robust planning provisions. The study concludes that compliance with planning templates does not necessarily translate into risk-informed DRRM practice. Strengthening barangay-level analytical capacity, improving the use of localized risk evidence, and embedding people-centered vulnerability considerations are essential to enhance the substantive quality of BDRRM planning.
Dr. Renson Wanyonyi, Osewe Patricia
This review examines the role of Artificial Intelligence in enhancing decision-making in Supplier Relationship Management and identifies the most frequently discussed AI role. This function is underexamined in the broader AI and supply chain management Literature. The rsearcher applies PRISMA flow models to mine 35 articles published between 2016 and 2026, the review identifies seven discrete AI-enabled roles: real-time supplier performance monitoring, data-driven decision-making, predictive risk assessment, procurement cost optimisation, buyer-supplier collaboration, supplier selection and segmentation and contract management and optimisation. Empirical evidence across manufacturing, construction, banking, and enterprise procurement contexts confirms that AI improves supply chain performance by 49%, amplifies resilience by 66%, achieves 85% accuracy in supply chain risk detection, and reduces procurement processing times by 85%. The Technology Acceptance Model was applied as the analytical framework, revealing a critical asymmetry: while all seven roles generate measurable Perceived Usefulness outcomes, Perceived Ease of Use barriers, including legacy system incompatibility, data quality deficits and workforce digital literacy gaps suppress adoption of the highest-impact roles. The review contributes a cross-sectorally validated typology of AI’s SRM functions, a TAM-grounded adoption framework, and a research agenda addressing algorithmic bias, longitudinal deployment dynamics, developing economy contexts, and AI-ESG compliance integration.
Dr. P. A. Naidu
This paper aims to explore the impact of digital financial literacy on economic sustainability among Self-Help Group (SHG) women living in destitute of hope pockets of Andhra Pradesh during 2024-25. A cross-sectional survey of 210 participants from three districts – Visakhapatnam (Coastal Andhra), Anantapur (Rayalaseema), and Kurnool (Central Region) – was administered through structured questionnaires. The findings indicate that 58.6% of the respondents have moderate level of digital financial literacy with considerable differences based on educational level, possession of smartphone and exposure to educational programs. Education (β=0.342, p<0.001), having a smartphone (β=0.289, p<0.001) and attending digital literacy training (β=0.267, p<0.01) were found to be predictors of digital financial literacy based on the regression results. The research presents that digital financial literacy positively correlates with economic sustainability such as monthly income, accumulated savings, and entrepreneurship. Findings highlight the urgent requirement for context-specific digital literacy programs for marginalized women to promote financial inclusion and sustainable livelihood results in the rural Andhra Pradesh.
Ifeoluwa Olu-obadeji, Madugba, Joseph U., Ogunsola, O. Onaolapo, Stella Opeyemi Ibitoye
This study investigated the role of forensic accounting in fraud detection and financial transparency in Nigeria blue economy. The objective was to find out how forensic accounting can aid fraud detection and enhance financial transparency in Nigeria’s blue economy. The study employed quantitative research design and data was sourced through the administration of questionnaire to 85 respondents made up of top Accountants in Nigeria Navy and top management members of the operators in Nigeria blue economy. Out of a total of 85 questionnaires distributed, 70 was returned and used for the test of hypothesis. The study employed the descriptive statistics and OLS regression for the test of hypothesis. A significant outcome indicated that there is a positive and significant effect between fraud detection and forensic accounting, financial transparency and forensic accounting meaning that application of forensic accounting in Nigeria blue economy will reduce fraudulent activities and enhance financial transparency thereby making it viable for the nation. Based on the result of the test of hypothesis, the study recommended that Nigeria government should employ forensic experts to check the activities of the operators in the blue economy.
Akintola, Aderonke A
Establishing stable romantic relationships is one of the major developmental tasks of emerging adults. Several ways exist in which people act when they are in a relationship or trying to establish stable relations with friends and significant others. These actions can be linked to their attachment styles, which are internal working models that have substantial influence on the success of their partnerships or relationships. Attachment is a deep, loving bond we have with special people in our life that causes us to feel joy when we connect with them and are reassured by their proximity in times of stress and it is developed from family environment and relationship with caregiver in childhood. Romantic attachment which is informed by childhood attachment consists of two dimensions: avoidance of intimacy, which is a general belief that others are unreliable and untrustworthy, and anxiety where concerns about abandonment, or general views that others could leave anytime, hence, believing that one is not loved, is the case. A romantic attachment that is characterized by low feelings of avoidance and anxiety is secure. A secure attachment style could promote more intimacy and emotional availability. In Nigeria, especially in Osogbo, insecure attachment style has been observed to affect a lot of romantic relationships, including marital relationships and not just relationships, but the personalities. Individuals feel anxious and unsure about the love of their partners. Hitherto, not many studies have investigated the effects of family communication patterns and parental warmth on romantic attachment styles amongst emerging adults in Nigeria. This study therefore examined the dynamics of the relationships of these variables among corps members in Osogbo Metropolis, of Osun State. Using purposive and convenient sampling technique, 383 respondents including 237 females and 146 males responded to the questionnaire. Hierarchical Regression, One-way ANOVA, and Independent T-test statistics were used to analyse the hypotheses generated. Results revealed that; Family communication patterns- conformity orientation predicted romantic attachment-related anxiety (β= .20, p < .01) while conversational orientations predicted romantic attachment avoidance (β= -.43, p < .01). Perceived Parental Warmth was significantly and negatively related to romantic attachment avoidance [r (381) = -.25, p < .01]. Gender and marital status predicted romantic attachment anxiety [t (381) = 2.41, p <.05], (β= -.14, p < .05). Males and single emerging adults were more prone to romantic attachment-related anxiety and romantic attachment avoidance.
Gwayne G. Mendoza, Noren B. Sumayao, Rhuzzel S. Salic-o, Russel B. Casido, Wilbert B. Wanas
Migration has become a common livelihood strategy among farmers facing economic insecurity, environmental stress, and limited opportunities in their places of origin. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of migrant farmers in a host farming community, focusing on their reasons for migration, the challenges they encountered during adaptation, the strategies they developed to sustain their livelihood, the ways migration shaped their identity, and the support systems that facilitated or constrained their adjustment. Guided by a phenomenological–thematic approach, the study drew on in depth interviews with migrant farmers and employed Colaizzi informed thematic analysis to capture shared meanings grounded in participants’ narratives. Findings revealed that migration was primarily driven by survival needs and family responsibility, with farming chosen due to its accessibility and familiarity. Adaptation was shaped by interconnected environmental, economic, and social challenges, including water scarcity, unstable income, debt, language barriers, and emotional isolation. In response, migrant farmers developed adaptive strategies rooted in learning through guidance and experience, endurance, cooperation, and reliance on work relationships. Migration also influenced identity formation, as participants gradually developed a sense of belonging, redefined themselves through work and responsibility, and negotiated their identity over time. Support systems, particularly informal mutual aid and employer based assistance, played a critical but uneven role in facilitating adaptation. The study concludes that migrant farmers’ adaptation is a cumulative and relational process sustained by endurance, learning, and social engagement rather than immediate stability. By foregrounding migrant farmers’ lived experiences, this research contributes to understanding migration as an ongoing process of negotiating livelihood, identity, and belonging within a specific community context. The findings offer insights relevant to education, community practice, and future research on migration and rural livelihoods.
Edlyne Faye Santos, June Rey Villegas, Marielle Lourdes Cabaluna, Mitchie Lee Obiedo
Content moderators play a vital role in maintaining safe and appropriate online environments by filtering harmful and inappropriate content. However, the constant exposure to graphic and disturbing materials poses significant risks to their psychological well-being. This study explored the mental health challenges and coping strategies of content moderators in Cebu City through a qualitative phenomenological approach. Ten participants with at least two years of experience in content moderation were purposely selected and interviewed using a semistructured guide. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis. The findings revealed that moderators commonly encountered disturbing content involving violence, sexual abuse, and gore, which led to stress, sleep disturbances, 6and emotional exhaustion. Major stressors included heavy workloads, long working hours, and unstable internet connections. To manage these challenges, participants utilized both organizational and personal coping strategies such as seeking peer support, engaging in wellness programs, humor, leisure activities, and maintaining work-life boundaries. They also emphasized the importance of enhancing wellness initiatives, mental health insurance, and supportive workplace programs. The study emphasizes the need to develop comprehensive mental health support systems and culturally responsive interventions to protect the well-being of content moderators in the BPO industry.
Jewess Ambagay, Kylene Mae Albite, Marychelle Barimbad, Ms. Korina Jean Regis
This qualitative phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of individuals residing in cemeteries in rural areas of Southern Cebu, Philippines. Using in-depth interviews with carefully selected participants, the study seeks to understand the complex interplay of socioeconomic challenges, psychological well-being, coping mechanisms, and sources of support that shape their daily lives. Findings indicate that cemetery dwellers confront persistent poverty, insecure and unstable livelihoods, and widespread social stigma, yet they display remarkable resilience, adaptability, and resourcefulness in navigating these hardships. Participants highlighted the central role of faith, prayer, and “diskarte” (practical resourcefulness) as primary coping strategies, often reinforced by strong family bonds and a tightly knit sense of community solidarity. Despite the limited, inconsistent, and often inadequate aid from government and non-government organizations, participants reported that their sense of belonging, mutual support, and shared experiences within the cemetery community fostered emotional strength, perseverance, and acceptance of difficult circumstances. The study further revealed that enduring social marginalization and economic vulnerability shaped participants’ perceptions of hope, selfefficacy, and personal growth, underscoring the dynamic ways they adapt to adversity. Themes of endurance, faith, resilience, and social connectedness emerged consistently, highlighting the delicate balance between struggle and optimism in their everyday lives. Overall, the study emphasizes the urgent need for sustained institutional support, community-based interventions, and inclusive social policies that recognize and uphold the dignity, resilience, and human potential of marginalized populations living in unconventional and often overlooked residential spaces.
Al azam C. Manucang, Kevin Boño, Mark Vincent D. Cabral, Rachel Ann F. Bayo, Rhyan Mike R. Bacaro, Samantha Yoej Mapando
This descriptive ethnographic study examined the funerary practices of the Kagan community in Casoon, Monkayo, Davao de Oro, with emphasis on how Islamic teachings have reshaped their indigenous traditions. Guided by key informant interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, the research involved selected Kagan elders, religious leaders, and community members who shared narratives on past and present burial customs. Findings reveal a significant shift from ancestral rituals toward practices aligned with Qur’anic injunctions, the Hadith, and the Sunnah. Traditional elements—such as the chanting of prophets’ names, the placement of kilah flowers, and the kuwas soil ceremony—have largely disappeared in favor of standardized Islamic procedures supported by increased access to formal Islamic education and madrasah-trained leaders. The community now adopts Islamic protocols, including gender-specific washing, the use of prescribed materials, Salat al-Janazah, and burial within 24 hours. These changes illustrate a deliberate realignment of cultural identity toward Islamic orthodoxy. The study highlights how religious education and leadership drive cultural transformation, contributing to broader discussions on faith, identity, and the evolving practices of indigenous Muslim communities in Mindanao.
E. N. I. Hashim, I. L. Ismail, M. Z. A. Chek, Rinda Nariswari, Z. H. Zulkifli
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have expanded access to STEM education globally, yet their application in specialized fields like Actuarial Science remains underexplored. Actuarial education requires mastery of advanced mathematics and risk modeling areas that pose challenges for scalable, self-directed online formats. This systematic literature review (SLR) investigates the scalability and effectiveness of MOOCs in Actuarial Science from a global perspective. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, five databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar) were searched using Boolean terms related to “MOOCs” and “Actuarial Science.” From 412 retrieved records, 28 peer-reviewed studies were included after screening. Narrative synthesis focused on course completion, learner engagement, instructional design, and regional variation. Findings show MOOCs can effectively broaden actuarial education access, particularly in Southeast Asia and Africa, when supported by adaptive features, interactive tools, and multilingual content. However, challenges such as high dropout rates, limited professional alignment, and infrastructure disparities hinder effectiveness. Well-designed, locally contextualized MOOCs with real-world relevance yielded higher retention. This review provides the first focused synthesis on actuarial MOOCs, offering guidance for course developers, universities, and actuarial bodies on enhancing design, equity, and global reach.
Kem Berly Canoy Abio
This mixed methods study examined the instructional leadership practices of public elementary school heads in Talakag I District, Division of Bukidnon. Anchored on the National Competency-Based Standards for School Heads and the theory of deliberate practice, it assessed the extent to which school heads performed four competency strands assessment for learning, program development and adaptation, implementation of programs for instructional improvement, and instructional supervision identified the difficulties they encountered, and described how they addressed these challenges. Fifteen school heads from 17 public elementary schools participated through a survey using the DepEd instructional leadership evaluation instrument and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while qualitative data underwent thematic narrative analysis. Findings revealed very high levels of instructional leadership across all strands, with overall means from 4.25 to 4.53 “Always Practiced”, indicating consistent use of assessment data, curriculum review, program implementation, and clinical supervision with feedback and technical assistance. Despite this, school heads reported challenges such as teacher resistance to change, competing administrative demands, limited time for classroom observation, and difficulties sustaining innovation. To overcome these, they maximized Learning Action Cells and other professional development activities, strengthened collegial supervision and mentoring, encouraged collaboration among teachers, and modeled openness to change. The study concludes that while instructional leadership is generally strong, targeted support is still needed to help school heads manage workload, deepen teacher buy-in, and sustain instructional improvements.
Acas, Cyril N., Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Asoy, Lovely Joy C., Baitan, Carl Gwyn A., Cruda, Leo Jev D., Delizo, Marianne Jane R., Eltagonde, Myrelle R., Erocido, Rhey Mart John E., Geolina, Angela S., Jocel T. Labadan, Layosa, Yeany Zhea L., Miguel, Albe Jane P., Mondero, John Almer V., Opisan, Reymarc R., Ostera, Zhyne S., Quijada, Maria Ñina Leoli B., Rulona, Sean Raven F.
This study examined the relationship between the school learning environment, time management skills and practices, and student engagement of Senior High School students in the Computer System Servicing (CSS) strand. The purpose of this research was to determine how the learning environment and students’ ability to manage their time influenced their level of engagement in academic activities. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected using a survey questionnaire administered to selected Senior High School CSS students. The gathered data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools to identify the relationship among the variables. The results showed that the school learning environment and time management skills and practices were significantly related to student engagement, suggesting that students were more likely to participate actively and remain focused when they experienced a supportive learning environment and effectively managed their time. The study concluded that enhancing the school learning environment and strengthening students’ time management skills could positively affect student engagement. The findings of this study served as a basis for school administrators, teachers, and students in developing strategies and interventions aimed at improving learning experiences and academic involvement among Senior High School students.
Aireen Marie E. Salva, Anicia S. Madarang
School-Based Management (SBM) plays an important role in curriculum development by empowering schools to make collaborative decisions that improve student outcomes. However, despite various programs under SBM, challenges in students’ literacy and numeracy development persist, prompting this study.This study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of the School-Based Management (SBM) on curriculum development for literacy and numeracy. This study utilized a quantitative method using a descriptive correlational research design. The findings showed that curriculum development for literacy and numeracy, including integration and assessment, was highly evident. Literacy and numeracy were integrated across subjects and reflected in student assessments. However, curriculum development related to instructional materials and resources was only moderately evident and had the lowest rating, indicating a need for improvement to better meet learners’ needs. The result of the findings also revealed that the level of effectiveness of SBM implementation for literacy and numeracy, along with all the aforementioned indicators falls under the very much effective result. This indicates that, these indicators were truly be a great help in improving the curriculum and to increase the level of effectiveness of the SBM implementation. The result of the findings also shows that there is a significant relationship between the status of curriculum development for literacy and numeracy and the level of effectiveness of SBM implementation. The result of the findings brought the researcher an idea to proposed an intervention. This proposed intervention is entitled “Literacy and Numeracy Enhancement Through Strategic Use of Instructional Materials and Resources”. It is a program containing 5 phases of different activities. These activities will be implemented to enhance the literacy and numeracy skills of the learners with the proper utilization of the learning materials and maximizing the available resources on the community.
Harerimana Methode
Science didactic competencies development is essential in teacher training because it equips pre-service teachers with the pedagogical skills, practical knowledge, and instructional strategies necessary to effectively teach science and foster student understanding. This study investigated the perceptions of final-year students at Nyamata TTC in the Eastern province of Rwanda regarding the effectiveness of science didactic competencies development within their teacher training program. The purpose was to examine how well the college prepares pre-service science teachers in key didactic competencies, including lesson planning and curriculum interpretation, pedagogical content knowledge, inquiry-based learner-centered teaching, practical and laboratory skills, assessment and evaluation, and classroom management and communication. A descriptive research design was employed, guided by Shulman’s Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) Theory (Shulman,1986). It used quantitative approach to collect data with structured questionnaire administered to 96 final-year students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine the levels of confidence across the different competency areas. The results indicated that the majority of students expressed high confidence in most competencies, particularly in lesson planning, assessment and evaluation, and classroom management. However, a relatively low confidence was noted in areas such as improvising teaching aids using locally available materials, integrating ICT tools, and managing large classes. The study concluded that Nyamata TTC’s teacher training program effectively develops core science didactic competencies, but it requires enhanced support in resourcefulness and technology integration to fully prepare graduates for real classroom conditions. It is recommended that the college strengthen innovative teaching aid development, and enhance ICT integration to bridge the gap between training and classroom realities.
Collins Powell Manana, Esther Njeri Wangui
This study aimed to analyze security threats that led to the deployment of Kenya Military Contingents (KENCOM) troops in the DRC. An interview guide and document guide formed the data collection tools that helped obtain data from a sample population of 23 respondents. The 23 participants were purposively selected and made of five Ministry of Foreign Affairs staff in Kenya, five personnel of the DRC embassy in Kenya, three political analysts from Kenya, five academicians, and five Kenyans living in the DRC. In addition to the primary data, the study also collected secondary data from newspapers, published research papers, and other collaborative media reports. Qualitative analysis in thematic and narrative format helped analyze the collected data. The results showed that the security threats that resulted in the deployment of KENCOM included the threat to regional stability, the rise of several extremist groups such as the M-23, the need for regional cooperation on matters of peace and security and the UN mission which required other EACRF forces to be on board alongside the UN humanitarian personnel in the affected areas. The study concluded that given the tenets of the expected utility theory of international conflict, even though Kenya may have appeared to act in a manner to safeguard the interests of the DRC
Christian Nghiyoonanye Haikali, Linekela Iyaloo Hasholo
This research examines the lack of Entrepreneurship Education (EE) in Namibia’s basic education and seeks to encourage the introduction of EE across the entire basic education system as a compulsory, stand-alone subject. This will help address existing EE gaps and the high levels of unemployment among the youth in Namibia. The study evaluated the state of EE in Namibia and recommended feasible EE integration strategies into Namibia’s school curriculum. Particular objectives include assessing the benefits and challenges of curriculum reform and proposing a holistic implementation model aided by home-grown and universal best practices. Using a qualitative research methodology, and a desk research method of data collection, the study sourced secondary data from related literature, and institutional reports. The analysis mainly focused on a multidimensional conceptual model, highlighting a vigorous curriculum, skilled educators, hands-on platforms, as well as compassionate institutional mechanisms. The findings revealed a substantial lack of practical EE at primary and secondary school levels, combined with systemic hiccups like academic curriculum design, inadequate teacher expertise, resource constraints, and sociocultural barriers. The researchers reached a conclusion that early, practical EE yields invaluable skills like problem-solving, financial literacy, and resilience, which are vital for youth transition from employment seekers to job creators. The study therefore recommends that EE be made a compulsory subject, across the entire basic education system and encourages a student-centred educational reform, aided by four pillars, namely: universities, teachers, enterprises, and the society. Key suggested strategies in addressing existing disparities include a participatory curriculum growth, increased and sustained investment in teacher training, public-private partnerships, educational policy alignment with national developmental plans, and experimental programs led by collective leadership values. Ultimately, the integration of business fundamentals in Namibia’s basic education is presented in this study as a strategic imperative, crucial for driving self-reliance, business innovations, and sustainable economic growth.
Aleesha Waseem, Ali Qureshi, Alishah Raza, Faqiha Noor, Henna A. Qureshi, Maham Mughal, Mariam Shafiq, Muhammad Zeeshan, Nabiha Basharat, Uswa Saeed
With the education sector undergoing changes and the labour market putting forward new demands, students in Pakistani HEIs need a support systems comprising coaching and mentoring to navigate the changes. This study explores current practices, perceptions, and challenges of coaching and mentoring within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Pakistan from the perspective of undergraduates. A sample of undergraduate students from the STEAM fields were selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. Using Reflexive Thematic Analysis, the data were analyzed in six phases. The findings revealed that the students faced challenges when transitioning to higher education and university life. The study concludes with the acknowledgement that there is a need for introducing formal mentoring and coaching programs in HEIs for the holistic development of the students.
Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Bioco, Zhairyl Keith S., Cojetia, Regine May C., Estor, Maria Elaiza G., Jocel T. Labadan, Lintas, Camille J., Manuel, Lance Owen C., Paña, Ma. Lalaine C., Pugosa, Prince Kert Lee I., Rojo, Cherry Lyn D., Sabate, Janela J.
This study determined the influence of self-determination motivation and self-efficacy on the academic engagement of caregiving students at Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. The main objective was to determine the levels of self-determination motivation, self-efficacy and academic engagement, examining the significant relationships between self-determination motivation, self-efficacy and academic engagement. Additionally, the study aimed to identify which domains of self-determination motivation and self-efficacy to learn might significantly influence academic engagement. A quantitative-correlational design was employed, involving 134 respondents from caregiving senior high school students in Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. The statistical tools utilized included mean, Pearson r, and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated a high level of self-determination motivation among senior high school students in terms of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Similarly, there was a high level of self-efficacy in terms of belief in personal ability and belief that ability grows with effort. Furthermore, the study revealed a high level of academic engagement in vigor, dedication and absorption. The findings also established a high correlation and significant relationship between self-determination motivation and academic engagement, as well as self-efficacy and academic engagement, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. All domains of self-determination motivation and self-efficacy significantly influenced academic engagement as perceived by caregiving senior high school students. Consequently, teachers might consider adapting strategies that enhance students’ self-determination motivation and develop self-efficacy to nurture students’ academic engagement. Implementing such methods aligned with the study findings would help students strengthen their self-determination motivation, enhance their self-efficacy, and cultivate deeper academic engagement for sustained excellence.
Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Edna T. Salva
This study determined the best-fit path model involving self-regulation, mathematics self-efficacy, learning behavior, and problem-solving skills among senior high school students in public secondary schools in Region XI, Philippines. A descriptive correlational research design was utilized, involving senior high school students enrolled in selected public secondary schools. Also, adapted research questionnaires were employed. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, Pearson r, multiple regression, and path analysis. The results revealed that mathematics self-efficacy was moderate, while the self-regulation, learning behavior, and problem-solving skills were high. Moreover, mathematics self-efficacy and learning behavior had a strong positive correlation with problem-solving skills, while self-regulation and problem-solving skills had a moderate positive relationship. Additionally, in a singular capacity, self-regulation, mathematics self-efficacy, and learning behavior significantly influenced the problem-solving skills of senior high school students. Also, the best-fit path model demonstrated satisfactory performance, as evidenced by favorable goodness-of-fit indices. Further, significant associations among the variables were identified: learning behavior and mathematics self-efficacy, and self-regulation and learning behavior. In addition, learning behavior had an indirect positive influence on problem-solving skills through mathematics self-efficacy.
Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Antiga, Edziel W, Asur, Anjelo O, Balondo, Ian Jane M, Besario, Mariel S, Dacula, Maria Eloiza J, Gelaga, Aj Y, Jocel T. Labadan, Laguna, Lyka A, Nuñes, Shaira E, Tandoc, Cassie Hazel L
The research studied how sense of belonging and autonomous learning ability impact student engagement at Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. The study measured engagement through the two factors which predict engagement through sense of belonging and autonomous learning ability. The research included 134 students who were studied through a quantitative-correlational design. The researchers used mean values together with Pearson r and multiple regression analysis to conduct their study. The results demonstrated that students established their strongest sense of belonging through three social connections which included peer connections and teacher support and school community experiences. Students demonstrated their ability to learn independently through their capacity to establish goals and which tasks to concentrate on and how to measure their progress. Students showed high engagement through their active participation and emotional involvement and mental concentration. The study showed strong positive relationships between sense of belonging and engagement and between autonomous learning ability and engagement which resulted in the null hypotheses being rejected. Students believed that all elements of sense of belonging and autonomous learning ability which they possessed were important elements which determined their level of engagement with others. Educators need to develop students' skills in belonging and autonomous learning to generate active participation which will lead to better results.
Jennifer C. Recomez, MAEd, John Mart Elesio, EdD
A low constructivist learning environment in science classrooms remains a significant concern. This phenomenological study explored the experiences of ten Grade 9 students in Davao Oriental, focusing on how they construct understanding through schema development, assimilation, and accommodation. Interviews and focus group discussions revealed three emerging subthemes under the modified schema: adaptive cognition, reflective learning, and teacher-facilitated learning. Future research may employ mediation analysis to examine schema changes within constructivist learning environments and develop questionnaires through exploratory factor analysis using the subthemes as indicators. The study recommends forming professional learning groups and institutional programs to help teachers apply constructivist principles.
Ashrof bin Zainuddin, Ezzat Azyze Bin Ellah Azyze
Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) has become a significant environmental health concern in contemporary workplaces. It is characterized by a range of non-specific symptoms experienced by occupants while inside a building, which typically diminish once they leave the premises. This study examines the factors contributing to SBS and its effects on the health, comfort, and work performance of office employees from Majlis Bandaraya Pulau Pinang (MBPP) occupying Levels 11 to 17 of the KOMTAR building in Penang. The research was motivated by concerns that aging infrastructure and centralized ventilation systems in older government buildings may heighten the risk of SBS. The primary objectives were to identify key contributing factors, evaluate the impacts on occupants, and propose appropriate preventive measures and a remediation framework. Adopting a quantitative research design, data were gathered through a structured digital questionnaire distributed via purposive sampling, resulting in 70 valid responses. The data were analyzed using Jamovi software, with emphasis on descriptive statistical analysis. The findings indicate that dust accumulation, noise disturbance, and temperature instability were the most prominent environmental contributors to SBS. In terms of health effects, respondents frequently reported symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, and eye irritation, which were significantly associated with perceived reductions in work productivity and psychological well-being. Additionally, occupants prioritized the installation of high-efficiency air purifiers, regular maintenance of ventilation ducts, and the use of non-toxic building materials as key preventive strategies. The study concludes that a substantial relationship exists between indoor environmental quality within the KOMTAR building and the prevalence of SBS symptoms among MBPP staff. It is therefore recommended that building management strengthen preventive maintenance practices and implement targeted improvements to enhance indoor environmental conditions implementing sustainable remediation framework
Angela Grace del Poso, Dune Ignisha Orozco, Naethan Earl Tapayan, Rhea Jane Caynila
This study determined the experiences of two Generation Z women in Cebu who underwent abortion, focusing on understanding the underlying reasons behind their decision, the multifaceted impacts that followed, and the coping strategies they employed in response. According to Arshad et al. (2023), women’s abortion experiences are shaped by a combination of personal circumstances, societal pressures, and emotional responses, with coping mechanisms often emerging as a way to reconcile guilt, fear, and social stigma. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, 2 participants participated in a semi- structured interview. Data collected were analyzed using Thematic Analysis to identify patterns of themes and codes among respondents. The findings highlighted the complexity of their experiences, from their reasons behind doing an abortion, the impacts and challenges to various dimensions of their health, to eventual acceptance and resilience. The results indicate that abortion among young Filipino women is not merely a medical act but a deeply emotional and moral experience influenced by cultural and religious values. The study concludes that abortion carries long-term psychological and spiritual effects, emphasizing the urgent need for compassionate, holistic post-abortion care that supports women’s emotional, physical, and spiritual recovery.
Alberto M. Caro, Jr., Aleya Zyra B. Obeda, Crisanto C. Artigo, Glenne B. Lagura, Johnfren D. Tecson, Libh Anthony L. Limama, Ronel G. Dagohoy, Tony Ray M. Abendaño
This study assessed the current level of skills and competencies of barangay tanods in the Municipality of Braulio E. Dujali to inform future intervention programs. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational design, the study employed a standardized questionnaire anchored on the DILG tanod training domains: gender sensitivity, first responder skills, and operational competencies. A total of 75 barangay tanods participated in the survey, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and ANOVA. Findings revealed that the respondents possessed moderate levels of competency across all domains. Moreover, age and educational attainment did not exhibit statistically significant influence on any of the skill dimensions. The results underscore the importance of structured and hands-on training regardless of demographic profile. The study concludes with a recommendation for the implementation of a competency-based enhancement program to elevate the effectiveness and responsiveness of barangay tanods in performing their roles in local governance and community safety.
B. Abel Learwellie
Global development finance is increasingly characterized by volatility, donor reprioritization, and fiscal recalibration, reshaping the predictability of official development assistance (ODA) flows. In fragile and postwar contexts such as Liberia, where civil society organizations rely heavily on external grants, aid volatility constitutes a structural rather than episodic challenge. This study examines social enterprise as a sustainability strategy for local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) operating under conditions of systemic funding uncertainty. Using a qualitative conceptual synthesis methodology, the research integrates Aid Dependency Theory, Institutional Resilience Theory, and Hybrid Organization Theory to construct a unified analytical framework linking global aid volatility to institutional adaptation mechanisms. The findings indicate that NGO fragility in post-war Liberia is architectural, rooted in restricted project-based financing, short planning horizons, and limited revenue diversification. Social enterprise, when strategically integrated and governed effectively, may function as a resilience-enhancing mechanism by diversifying revenue streams, strengthening absorptive capacity, and extending institutional planning horizons. However, enterprise integration introduces governance complexity and does not eliminate reliance on external funding. Rather than promoting abrupt financial independence, the study conceptualizes sustainability as incremental institutional strengthening through diversification, asset-building, and governance reform. The analysis contributes theoretically by extending aid dependency logic to the organizational level and operationalizing resilience theory within fragile civil society environments. Practically, it highlights the shared responsibility of donors and NGOs in co-producing resilience through flexible funding frameworks and catalytic investment approaches.
Essono Yves-Gaël MENYANA
In low-income countries, young persons with disabilities face persistent structural, social, and symbolic barriers that limit their access to economic participation and social recognition. While entrepreneurship is increasingly promoted as a pathway to inclusion, little is known about its potential as a space for empowerment and agency beyond economic outcomes. Drawing on empowerment theory and the capability approach, this qualitative study explores how social entrepreneurship contributes to the development of agency, perceived freedoms, and social inclusion among young persons with disabilities participating in Cameroon’s Plan Triennal Spécial-Jeunes (PTS-Jeunes). Based on semi-structured interviews conducted in the Centre Region of Cameroon, the findings reveal that social entrepreneurship functions as a multidimensional process of empowerment, enabling participants to redefine their social roles, expand their capabilities, and negotiate structural constraints. However, empowerment remains fragile and uneven, highly dependent on collective support structures, institutional arrangements, and social recognition. The study highlights the importance of moving beyond individualistic models of entrepreneurship toward inclusive and capability-enhancing ecosystems.
Muaz Azinuddin, Nadia Farhana Mohd Noor
The influence of social factors has been exacerbated in digital environments for food-related travel behaviour. Accordingly, this paper develops a social impact transfer model that captures how digital food tourism processes influence via two distinct channels. These channels are normative social influence, which is based on social expectations and consensual validation, and informational social influence, driven by accuracy-seeking and cognitive elaboration. Synthesising social impact theory and social comparison theory, the model describes how digitally embedded social cues, such as popularity cues or influencer endorsements, experiential narratives, and credibility cues, are translated into internal psychological states. Two mediators, destination self-congruence and perceived destination attractiveness, represent the identity-based and evaluative pathways for how external influence may become personally relevant. These mediators, in turn, drive electronic word of mouth (eWoM) behaviourally expressed through internalised social impact influences. The framework extends tourism theory by explaining dual-path influence mechanisms, situating social impact as a temporal and transferable concept in a virtual setting, and enhancing our comprehension of how identity congruence and normative valuation jointly yield persuasive effects in the food tourism domain. Practical implications emphasise the strategic importance of shaping influence transfer through identity-relevant message framing, credible information schemas, and visually engaging digital storytelling. Suggestions for additional research to support empirical testing and theoretical development are also provided.
Alfonso S. Lopez, Darmelyn Mendoza, Jamela Mae Madayag, Joana Joy N. Nalayog, Lanie Mirasol, Oscar O. Ancheta Jr., Sandra Nicole Picaza
Early childhood education does not only focus on teaching letters, numbers, or colors. It also lays the foundation for how children develop social skills, build friendships, express their emotions, and understand others. These early social skills are critical in helping children succeed in school and life. According to studies, children who build strong social and emotional skills at a young age are more likely to perform better academically and adjust well in social settings (CASEL, 2005). Because of this, there is growing interest in how social skills are taught during the preschool years, especially in private preschool settings, where resources and teaching methods may differ from public schools.
Cynthia S. Superable, Grace G. Tizon, Gwendolyn Y. Bolos, Perlito D. Jomuad, Rochelan A. Lumasag
Language plays a crucial role in shaping teaching and learning experiences, particularly in multilingual classroom contexts. This study investigates the lived experiences of junior high school Social Studies teachers who teach through the Filipino language, drawing on Moustakas’ lifeworld existentials as its analytical lens. Data were gathered from seven social studies teachers through a semi-structured interview guide. Six emerging themes were identified, namely: experiencing embodied ease and strain in teaching social studies through Filipino, experiencing emotional connection, confidence, and challenge in Filipino-medium teaching, experiencing a dynamic and adaptive classroom atmosphere when teaching social studies in Filipino, experiencing ongoing growth and adaptation in Filipino-medium teaching over time, strengthening relational connections through Filipino-medium teaching and navigating instructional and linguistic tensions in teaching social studies through Filipino. Teaching Social Studies through Filipino promotes teacher confidence, adaptive and engaging classrooms, professional growth, strong relational connections, and the ongoing management of linguistic and instructional challenges to ensure effective learning. School administrators and curriculum developers may support Social Studies teachers by providing ongoing professional development, mentoring, and accessible Filipino-language resources to enhance instructional strategies, classroom adaptability, and the balance between language clarity and academic rigor
Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Arnigo, Danica Rose S., Dizon, Jerome C., Escototo, Shena Diane B., Gelilang, Kristine D., Jimenez, Zelbert John V., Jocel T. Labadan, Kudera, Danica, Malicse, Porol, Keisha Nathalie B., Sharmyne P.
This study examined the influence of social support and personal growth initiative on the life skills ability of caregiving students at Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. It aimed to determine the levels of social support, personal growth initiative, and life skills ability, and to assess the significant relationships among these variables. The study also identified which domains of social support and personal growth initiative significantly predicted life skills ability. A quantitative correlational design was employed, involving 134 caregiving students selected through stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using mean, Spearman’s rho, and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed high levels of social support and life skills ability, and very high levels of personal growth initiative. Significant positive relationships were found between the independent variables social support and personal growth initiative and life skills ability. All domains of social support and personal growth initiative significantly predicted life skills ability. The results highlight the importance of strengthening support systems and promoting proactive personal development to enhance students’ life skills.
Dr Saurav Mitra
Urbanisation is a global trend with rapidly increasing city populations. While high-rise apartments aren't the only solution, developing countries are quickly adopting high-rise living due to socio-political and geographical factors. The sustainability of high-rise apartments has been studied across economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The review shows that social sustainability has been less researched than economic and environmental aspects, especially in the developing world. This research seeks to find how socially sustainable high-rise apartments are in the context of the developing world, especially in Kolkata, India. This study uses qualitative and quantitative analysis to examine social issues of high-rise living in Kolkata, comparing 61 low-rise (G+4) and 59 high-rise (G+5+) apartments. It analyzes residents' experiences based on social sustainability theories from the literature. The empirical findings reveal a significant income disparity between high-rise and low-rise residents. The analysis shows that, on average, 79.3% of high-rise residents belong to the High Income Group (HIG), and the remaining 20.7% belong to the Middle Income Group (MIG). For low-rise apartments, on average, 70% of residents belong to MIG, and the remaining 30% belong to the Low Income Group (LIG). The sense of community is stronger in low-rise cooperative apartments than in high-rise ones, fostering more social cohesion and trust. Popular high-rise developments in Kolkata's newer suburbs are not socially sustainable because they are unaffordable and non-inclusive. Conversely, low-rise cooperative apartments are sustainable because they are affordable, equitable, inclusive, and cohesive. The study also shows that Kolkata's religious and regional diversity does not complement social cohesion across zones. The study concludes that while high-rise apartments are rapidly increasing in eastern Kolkata, they are not socially sustainable, serving only 8% of the population. It shows that the cooperative model of low-rise apartments is more sustainable, suggesting policies should support consolidating these societies
Abu Bakar Jaafar, Nor Azrina @ Nor Azura Ab Rahman, Nur Ulfah Harun, Nurul Shuhada Ismail @ Musah, Tengku Maaidah Tengku A. Razak
This paper examines the societal and technological dimensions of online sexual behaviours and explores emerging challenges and implications. It discusses cultural norms within digital social contexts, gendered vulnerabilities, mental health consequences, and patterns of victimisation. The review also analyses technological developments including deepfake production, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and social media infrastructures and highlights their influence on privacy, content creation, and legal governance. The findings underscore the complex interactions between societal attitudes and technological capabilities that continuously reshape how online sexual behaviours are produced, normalised, and regulated. To address these multidimensional issues, the review emphasises the importance of strengthened regulatory frameworks, multistakeholder collaboration, and public awareness initiatives that promote safer digital environments. This study employed a systematic literature review approach, enabling the inclusion of both empirical and conceptual studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the societal, psychological, legal, and technological aspects of online sexual behaviours. To ensure transparency and methodological rigour, the reporting framework followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines
Amusa, I. A., Aweda, T. O., Onosemuode, C., Oyetayo, A. A.
Elections are the foundations for which democracy thrives and are the basis for good governance. Polling units are the points where these elections take place. The study examined the adequacy of these polling units in Oyo Federal Constituency with a view to proffer lasting solutions to the protracted problem of voters been denied their civic rights of casting their votes during elections. This was possible using geospatial technologies. The study adopted Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing technologies adopting Vector data model. Primary and secondary datasets were used. Data used included the locations of the polling units, analogue map of the study area, satellite imagery of the area and attribute data of the spatial data. Database was designed and created using ArcGIS Pro as the implementation software. Spatial analyses were carried out and results generated. Findings from the results included maps showing locations of the polling units with clustered pattern using Average Nearest Neighbour tool of ArcGIS Pro, inadequate distribution of the available polling units and the locations of the proposed additional 37 polling units added to the existing 551. The concentration of the study was based on the geographic locations of the polling units and the accessibility of these polling units by the voters. The study was concluded with recommendations that include the use of demographic data to redistribute the polling units before the next general elections, also splitting overpopulated polling units to avoid overcrowding during elections etc.
Adeyemo, S.O, Duruojinkeya, P., Ofomata, A.I.O.
This study produces Local Government Area (LGA) level estimates of child multidimensional poverty in Nigeria by integrating the 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) with high-resolution WorldPop 2020 population density grids and conflict event data from ACLED. Using the Alkire-Foster framework, the national child Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is estimated at 0.292, corresponding to a headcount ratio of 56% and an average intensity of 42.2%. This implies that approximately 55.7 million of Nigeria’s 99.6 million children experience deprivations in at least three indicators spanning education, health, and living standards. The MICS-derived estimate is conservative relative to official 2022 NBS/UNICEF/OPHI benchmarks (67.5% child headcount under the National MPI for ages 0–17; 83.5% for under-5s under the linked Child MPI), reflecting differences in survey design, indicator specifications, weighting procedures, and sampling adjustments. Because reliable direct MPI sampling variances are not available at the LGA level from public MICS outputs, the study adopts an SAE-inspired predictive framework. State-level MPI patterns are modelled as a function of logtransformed population density and conflict intensity, improving explanatory power to 75%. A pilot Fay-Herriot model is additionally fitted at the state level to illustrate hierarchical smoothing under approximate variance inputs. Geospatial processing aggregates auxiliary covariates to official LGA boundaries using GIS. Predicted LGA MPI values range from 0 to 0.569, with negative linear predictions constrained to 0 to respect the theoretical bounds of MPI. Model-based reliability assessment using coefficients of variation indicates that 651 of 774 LGAs (84%) have CV values below 15%. Results reveal strong north-south disparities, with the highest predicted burdens concentrated in northern zones. While the estimates remain exploratory and sensitive to omitted covariates, the study provides a transparent foundation for geographically targeted child poverty interventions and for future refinement through Bayesian SAE and expanded geospatial predictors
Patrick Dan Mukhongo, Vivian Chepng’eno
The general objective of this study was to examine the influence of stakeholder based evaluation on implementation of rural roads construction projects in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study’s theoretical framework included review of theory of constraints. This study adopted cross-sectional survey design for purposes of commendably addressing better data collection and analysis. This study’s first level target population was sixteen (16) rural road construction projects in Mombasa County, Kenya. The second level was the accessible population made up of project stakeholders totaling 414 drawn from contractors, transport and infrastructure department of Mombasa County, the government agency in charge of rural roads and community leaders, from which a sample of 107 was derived. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the respondents and self-administered questionnaires based on five-point Likert scale were distributed through drop and pick-up method for primary data collection. Linear regression analysis was done to get descriptive and inferential statistics. The study used F-test for the significance of the overall model while the influence of the specific variable on the dependent variable was confirmed using the beta coefficient. The study found that stakeholder based evaluation had a positive and significant influence on implementation of rural roads construction projects in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study recommended that stakeholders be fully empowered in analysis and problem-solving skills that could be used to road projects in their individual locations, as the influence of those projects are felt in a variety of local settings. This study also recommended that stakeholders be given knowledge and skills to assist them in addressing challenges on road projects in their areas of operation, in order to ensure a smooth process and overall project success.
Chinenye Olakunle Iwuala, Ebiarede Jonathan Apodobeyai, Emmanuella Blessing Agboifoh, Idowu Joseph Oladiti, Peter Chidindu Uchendu
This study explores how Lagos can strategically position itself as a global investment destination through a city branding campaign centered on Detty December - a culturally vibrant and economically significant festive period. With over $71.6 million generated in December 2024 alone and an influx of approximately 1.2 million visitors, Detty December has emerged as a powerful driver of urban tourism, cultural exchange, and economic activity. Despite its growing impact, there is a notable absence of structured data and academic review on this phenomenon, making the findings of this research a critical contribution to both scholarship and practice. Using a survey-based methodology and random probabilistic sampling, the study gathered insights from participants within Lagos, outside Lagos, and internationally. The analysis revealed key challenges such as traffic congestion, high costs, safety concerns, and poor infrastructure. It also identified significant public-private partnerships contributing to Lagos’ city branding efforts. Quantitative findings showed a negative sentiment toward participation (mean score: 2.46), contrasted by positive perceptions of Lagos’ cultural (3.46) and economic (3.87) potential during Detty December. Spearman’s correlation confirmed statistically significant positive relationships between perception and participation. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for integrating cultural events into Lagos’ branding framework and calls for further research to deepen understanding of seasonal urban branding strategies.
Richard Mata Visagas, Virgilio F. Kim
Strategic educational planning is essential to achieving sustained, systemic improvement in secondary education. This paper presents a comprehensive, phased development plan to enhance academic performance, strengthen teacher competencies, and upgrade infrastructure in secondary schools through systematic approaches to address critical educational challenges. The plan is structured into three phases: short-term, medium-term, and long-term, each with specific objectives and activities. The short-term phase targets immediate improvements, including revising instructional strategies, initiating student academic support programs, and updating learning resources. The medium-term phase emphasizes integrating digital learning technologies, enhancing library and laboratory facilities, and supporting teachers' continuous professional development. The long-term phase focuses on institutional growth through infrastructure expansion and the implementation of advanced academic and innovation programs. The study employs strategies including teacher professional development, digital learning integration, infrastructure enhancement, and student academic support initiatives to achieve comprehensive educational improvement. Financial projections, cost–benefit analyses, and return-on-investment (ROI) calculations are incorporated to assess financial feasibility. Risk assessment, SWOT analysis, and logical framework planning are utilized to ensure effective and sustainable implementation. The proposed plan provides a strategic framework for educational leaders and administrators to guide institutional growth, improve outcomes, and enhance education quality. The findings underscore the significance of planning, financial management, and stakeholder collaboration in achieving sustainable development.
Dr. Farzana Nazera, Dr. Mohamed Kaisarul Haq, Rokibul Hasan Chowdhury
This paper critically reviews the strategic position of environmental, social and Governance (ESG) in corporate strategy focusing on differences across industry sectors. Using simulated data and global investment data, this research de-constructs ESG into its constituents and assesses their differential impact on firm performance within-industry sectors. The studies show that environmental factors have a significant effect on the level of energy, manufacturing companies' cost reduction and productivity improvement and good governance structure reduces valuation uncertainty and strategic value enhancement in financial, technology industry. Measures for the social sustainability, especially in sectors with a high share of manual labour, increase the trustworthiness of stakeholders and effectiveness of employees. This paper takes the debate forward by framing ESG integration in governance and risk management views, leaving behind compliance‐based approaches towards an understanding of ESG as a strategic tool for value creation and long run sustainability. Importantly the research demonstrates that sector weightings in the ESG space are contributing to performance.
Fiifi Deegbe
Street begging in Accra has increasingly emerged as both a manifestation of socio-economic vulnerability and a growing urban security concern. The study examines the patterns, drivers, and security implications of street begging in Accra between 2010 and 2025, situating the practice within the broader contexts of urban governance, human security, and public order. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates field observations, semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, and documentary analysis. The findings reveal that street begging in Accra is geographically concentrated in high-traffic commercial areas, transport hubs, and major intersections, with intensity closely aligned to daily mobility patterns. The practice involves a heterogeneous population, including children, persons with disabilities, migrants, and unemployed adults, and in some cases operates within organised and exploitative networks. While begging functions as a survival strategy for vulnerable groups, the practice simultaneously generates multidimensional security risks, including traffic hazards, harassment, petty crime, and declining public confidence in urban governance. Drawing on Urban Disorder Theory and the Human Security framework, the study demonstrates that the visibility of begging contributes to perceptions of disorder and weak state control, while also reflecting deeper structural inequalities and gaps in social protection. Despite existing legal provisions, including the Beggars and Destitutes Decree, 1969 (NLCD 392) and the Children's Act, 1998, enforcement remains inconsistent and largely ineffective, resulting in cyclical patterns of displacement and re-emergence. The study concludes that street begging in Accra represents a multidimensional urban security challenge that cannot be addressed through enforcement alone. The study recommends integrated policy responses that combine regulatory measures with sustained social protection, targeted action against organised exploitation, and inclusive urban governance strategies. The research contributes to emerging scholarship on urban security in Africa by reframing street begging as both a governance and security issue rather than solely a humanitarian concern.
Fatimah Yusro Hashim, Mohd Zamre Mohd Zahir, Nur Fatihatul Nisha Hussein, Suhaizad Saifuddin
In recent years, online child sexual grooming and exploitation have emerged as critical global concerns, driven by the rapid expansion of digital communication technologies and increased internet accessibility among children. In Malaysia, the rising number of reported cases highlights growing vulnerabilities faced by children in digital environments. This article examines the adequacy of the existing legal framework governing online child sexual grooming in Malaysia through comparative analysis with selected jurisdictions, namely the United Kingdom and Singapore. The study further evaluates the Malaysian legal framework using the normative principles of Maqasid al-Shariah, particularly the protection of life, intellect, dignity, and lineage. This study adopts a qualitative legal research methodology based on doctrinal legal analysis, comparative legal analysis, and normative evaluation. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources, including statutory provisions, case law, academic literature, policy documents, and institutional reports. The data were analysed using content analysis, comparative legal analysis, and descriptive analytical methods to identify regulatory strengths, structural gaps, and areas requiring legal reform across the examined jurisdictions. The findings indicate that while Malaysia has established an important legislative foundation through the Sexual Offences Against Children Act 2017 and related laws, existing provisions remain insufficiently comprehensive in addressing early-stage online grooming behaviour, particularly where explicit intent to commit a specific sexual offence is difficult to establish. In contrast, jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom and Singapore demonstrate stronger preventive legal approaches by criminalising sexual communication and grooming behaviour at earlier stages of interaction. From a Maqasid al-Shariah perspective, effective child protection requires not only punitive measures but also preventive legal mechanisms that safeguard children’s dignity, psychological wellbeing, and long-term societal interests. This article proposes strengthening Malaysia’s legal framework through clearer criminalisation of online sexual grooming as a standalone offence, enhancement of digital evidence frameworks, and the development of child-centred digital protection policies. Integrating contemporary legal mechanisms with Maqasid al-Shariah principles is essential to ensure holistic, sustainable, and culturally grounded protection of children in Malaysia’s digital ecosystem.
Gan Kiat Chien, Irene Yoke Chu Leong, Kuldip Kaur Maktiar Singh, Lai Yuh Ying, Yeap Chun Keat
The emergence of Generation Alpha students who start using digital technologies at young ages and show different learning behaviours has created a demand for teachers to adapt and innovate teaching methods to sustain student engagement. Research shows that reflective practice has become a vital tool in developing teachers’ professional development, yet there is limited research on how structured reflective frameworks assist teachers in improving their pedagogical growth and improvement, specifically in Generation Alpha classrooms. This study uses a multiple case study method to examine how primary school teachers from a Malaysian school used Scharmer's Theory U framework toolkit as their reflective thinking guide during a six-week research period. In total, 168 structured reflective entries together with follow-up dialogues and researcher field notes were gathered as the data set throughout the study. Analysis was conducted by using both deductive and inductive methods to identify reflective themes based on the Theory U stages. Data triangulation of the dataset was also conducted to enhance analytical rigour. Findings show that as teachers progressed from one stage to the next, their reflections moved beyond surface level observations to deeper levels of meaningful thinking. Structured reflection also helped teachers regulate their emotions better while enhancing their professional confidence as they start innovating teaching methods which matched the learning needs of Generation Alpha students. The study suggests that Theory U offers a practical and transferable framework for structured reflective development. By guiding teachers through progressive levels of awareness, the framework can help educators navigate increasingly complex and technology-mediated learning environments.
Mas Nida Md. Khambari, Mohd Mokhtar Muhamad, Saiful Hasley Ramli, Sharifah Intan Sharina Syed-Abdullah, TianWong Ling
Educational tabletop games offer significant pedagogical advantages due to their tangible, collaborative nature and minimal technological requirements, positioning them as valuable tools for diverse educational settings. While Design Thinking, a systematic framework encompassing empathizing, defining, ideating, prototyping, and testing, is recognized for fostering 21st-century competencies and empowering educators, its application to non-digital tabletop game design remains underexplored. This study investigated how student teachers applied the five phases of Design Thinking in developing tabletop games for instructional use. Employing an exploratory qualitative case study, the research discovered six groups of student teachers from a Malaysian public university, gathering data through participant observations, focus group discussions, cultural probes via weekly e-portfolios and document analysis. Findings revealed a systematic and effective adoption across all Design Thinking phases: participants adeptly used Empathize to identify authentic learning challenges, synthesized findings into actionable problem statements during Define, blended pedagogical knowledge with creative game design in Ideate, facilitated rapid iteration in Prototyping, and recursively refined their games through Testing, significantly enhancing both educational effectiveness and playability. This research highlights Design Thinking's flexibility in non-digital educational contexts, offering practical insights for developing game design competencies in future educators and enhancing teacher development programs.
Don Floreal Cabahug, Jan Clyde Bala, Janisson Kim Cardeinte, Jhon Kenneth Generalao, Mark Franciz Ortega, Marlon Tabaosares., Micho Sulima, Prince Anthony Garcia, Scott Lim Gahum, Wilhelm Bruce Salarda
This study aimed to assess students’ satisfaction and perceived institutional efficiency regarding dormitory management in a faith-based school. Using a descriptive correlational design, the research employed a census approach covering all dormitory residents and utilized a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. Descriptive statistics measured satisfaction and perception levels, while Pearson’s correlation determined their relationship. The findings revealed that both satisfaction and perception were at a moderate or neutral level, with safety rated the highest and responsiveness the lowest. Results also showed a strong, statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.769, p < 0.001) between students’ satisfaction and perception, indicating that greater satisfaction associated with more favorable view of management efficiency. No significant differences were found when students were grouped by gender or grade level, suggesting uniformity in service quality and fairness of dormitory management. The study highlights the importance of responsiveness, professionalism, and fairness in sustaining positive student experiences and fostering trust in management. These findings provide valuable insights for faith-based institutions seeking to strengthen both administrative effectiveness and the spiritual-moral growth of dormitory residents.
Alingasa, Fretsel Mae S., Amorin, DJ, Arlao, Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Banaybanay, Ej F., Banquil, Shiela Mae M., Bantilan., Cabanting, Shyrel E., Chato, Mj J., Dionesio, Megan C., Espinosa, Janina Janelle L., Gerongay, Rolando Jr., Ginelle Marie M., Hannah Nicole A., Jocel T. Labadan, Lagang, Junizza Maria B., Mindajao, Rinz Jay E., Ondagan, Henry C., Paraiso, Cherry Rose C., Salmorin, Denver Jan A., Sarong, Aldrich Joy S.
This study examined the influence of study habits and classroom participation on the innovation ability of senior high school students at Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. Specifically, it aimed to determine the levels of study habits, classroom participation, and innovation ability, as well as the relationships and influences of their respective domains on innovation ability. A quantitative correlational design was employed, using validated survey questionnaires to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including mean, Pearson’s r, Shapiro-Wilk test, and multiple regression analysis, were applied. Results revealed that students exhibited high levels of study habits, classroom participation, and innovation ability. Study habits, however, had a very weak and non-significant relationship with innovation ability, while classroom participation showed a moderate positive and significant relationship. Furthermore, the domains of study habits did not significantly influence innovation ability, whereas selected domains of classroom participation demonstrated a significant impact. The study recommends that educators strengthen classroom participation through interactive, student-centered strategies to enhance students’ creativity, critical thinking, and innovation skills, supporting both academic and future professional success.
Charles John A. Casas, John Mark B. Lazaro, Joyce B. Panes, Renelyn A. Montaño
Academic performance is the measure of how well students achieve in their education, typically observed through grades, assessments, and the level of their participation in their academic studies. This study aims to determine the significant relationship between study habits and academic performance among college students. The data were gathered from the 255 college students in the local college of Santo Tomas. This study used stratified random sampling technique. This study utilized quantitative non-experimental research through a descriptive correlational design. The study utilized instruments that were adapted, and these had been stringently examined to ensure they were accurate and relevant. The statistical tools used in this study were mean and pearson r. Results revealed that study habits got a descriptive level of high, which means oftentimes manifested. While academic performance got a descriptive level of very high, which means outstanding. These results confirm that effective study habits, particularly note-taking and time management, play a meaningful role in academic achievement. However, the modest correlation strength implies that other factors—such as motivation, prior knowledge, or teaching quality—also significantly influence performance. Institutions should prioritize teaching structured study strategies while recognizing that a holistic approach, addressing both academic skills and external influences, is essential for optimizing student outcomes.
Dr. Priyanka Shingade
We present a self-contained exposition of super solvability and freeness for 𝜓-graphical arrangements, including full statements of the main characterization theorems, proof sketches, worked examples, and a short discussion of methods used (modular chains, vertex-weighted graphs, and the addition–deletion techniques for free arrangements). The paper collects and arranges the results that answer Stanley's conjectures on 𝜓-graphical arrangements: the characterization of super solvability due to Mu & Stanley and the subsequent resolution of the freeness conjecture by Suyama & Tsujie. We highlight the key combinatorial and algebraic tools (chordality, modular chains in intersection lattices, and Terao's addition–deletion framework), indicate how they are applied in this context, and point out directions for further research.
Mikidadi Hamisi Alawi
This paper examines the Nyamwezi migration to Zanzibar between the 1890s and 1950s and their life experiences. It primarily concentrates on two cultural traditions that were very important: the "fogongh'o" system, where everyone came together to assist one another, and farming with “majembe ya Kinyamwezi”, which are special Nyamwezi hoes. The paper looked into historical narratives and archival records to find out that “majembe ya Kinyamwezi” were not merely farming equipment. They really showed what people were like and how they made a living when Zanzibar was under colonial rule, with a plantation economy."Fogongh'o" was like a backup plan for people who were new to the area and needed help with hard social issues, like someone dying, getting sick, or even getting married. People helped each other, and just having that community support made it all possible. This paper examines how Nyamwezi migrants navigated challenging times during colonial rule, when they were exploited as laborers and marginalized on the periphery of society. It really goes into detail about the working tools they used and the social ways they interacted with each other to survive. These new findings significantly enhance our understanding of several key issues: the impact of labor on post-slavery society, the adaptation of migrants to new environments, and the preservation of cultural traditions in the face of colonial influences. This study shows that the Nyamwezi migrants were able to survive by following their customs and working together.
Effendi Mohamad, Ihwan Ghazali, Nasri Semiun
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) has revolutionized technological integration across industries, emphasizing smart manufacturing, digital transformation, and intelligent systems. However, the sustainability implications of IR 4.0 remain complex, especially within diverse socio-cultural contexts. This paper explores how Malaysia's unique cultural values influence the country’s readiness and capacity to integrate sustainability into Industry 4.0 adoption. Using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions as a framework, this study examines the interplay between cultural tendencies and sustainable practices within digital industrial transformation. The findings suggest that cultural values are not merely background factors but pivotal elements in shaping sustainable IR 4.0 readiness in Malaysia.
Duwa H. Chengula, Gislar E. Kifanyi, Jofrey J. Mgaya
The rapid growth of plastic production and consumption has significantly increased the generation of synthetic nonwoven waste materials, creating serious environmental and waste management challenges. In parallel, the need for sustainable ground improvement techniques in geotechnical engineering has intensified. This study presents a structured literature review evaluating the potential application of synthetic nonwoven waste materials as soil reinforcement agents. Following the PRISMA 2020 framework, 54 publications were initially identified, of which 15 studies met the inclusion criteria for detailed analysis. The reviewed studies consistently demonstrate that incorporating small percentages (0.2–1.5% by dry soil weight) of synthetic nonwoven fibers significantly enhances key geotechnical properties. Reported improvements include increases in unconfined compressive strength of up to 64%, substantial gains in California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values, reductions in plasticity index, and notable decreases in swelling potential. These improvements are primarily attributed to mechanical interlocking, frictional resistance, and crack-bridging mechanisms provided by randomly distributed fibers within the soil matrix. The findings indicate that synthetic nonwoven waste materials offer a technically viable and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional chemical stabilizers, particularly for subgrade and embankment applications. Moreover, this approach aligns with circular economy principles by diverting textile waste from landfills while enhancing soil performance. Although global studies confirm the effectiveness of synthetic fiber reinforcement, limited research has examined its application within the Tanzanian context. Therefore, further experimental investigations are recommended to evaluate locally available nonwoven waste materials and establish design guidelines for practical implementation.
Harisun Binti Yaakob, Heeswari A/P Logamoorthy, Norhashimah Binti Hussin, Thathram Palli Adil Mubarak, Wong Hui Lin
Food quality, food safety, and food security are interrelated yet distinct. Ensuring food quality, safety, and security in modern manufacturing requires analytical systems capable of capturing both product level attributes and molecular scale variations. This review synthesizes recent advancements (2020–2026) in macro and micro analytical approaches and evaluates their combined potential to strengthen quality assurance across diverse food sector. Macrolevel methods including physical, sensory, and proximate analyses provide rapid, non-destructive assessments of texture, colour, composition, and consumer relevant attributes. In contrast, microlevel techniques such as microbial enumeration, chromatography, spectroscopy, molecular diagnostics, and metabolomics offer high resolution insights into contamination risks, biochemical transformations, and authenticity verification. Integrating these analytical scales creates a complementary framework that enhances traceability, supports regulatory compliance, and improves early detection of deviations in processing environments. The review highlights industrial applications in dairy, meat, cereal, and ready-to-eat foods, demonstrating how multiscale analytical strategies improve product consistency and safety outcomes. Emerging trends including AI-assisted analytics, biosensors, hyperspectral imaging, digital twins, and portable rapid testing platforms are accelerating the transition toward intelligent, data driven food systems. Sustainability-driven innovations such as green analytical chemistry and circular economy monitoring further expand the role of analytical science in resilient food production. While the review provides comprehensive coverage, limitations include variability in analytical protocols across studies, restricted access to nonindexed industrial data, and the early-stage maturity of several emerging technologies. Overall, the integration of macro and micro analytical approaches represents a critical pathway toward building transparent, efficient, and sustainable food manufacturing systems capable of meeting global quality and safety demands.
Wang Yu
This study investigated the performance of selected student-respondents in table tennis prior to and after the implementation of a structured training program, focusing on five key skill constructs: Grip, Serve, Block, Spin, and Footwork. A descriptive-experimental design was employed, involving 50 student respondents classified by sex, grade level, and course. Standardized performance tests were administered before and after the intervention, and the data were analyzed using weighted means and standard deviations, t-tests, and ANOVA to determine performance levels and significant differences. The pre-test results revealed that the respondents generally had low performance levels in the basic skills of table tennis, namely: spin, block, serve, grip, and footwork. No significant differences in pre-test performance were found when grouped by sex, grade level, and course, confirming that deficiencies were uniformly distributed across these variables. Post-test results showed marked improvement, verbally interpreted as high. Spin being the highest in rank as to mean result, followed by serve and block, footwork, and grip. The results also revealed that grip, block, spin, and footwork showed significant improvements, while serve was relatively low. When grouped by demographics, differences were generally not significant, except that males outperformed females on overall post-test scores, and Grade 4 students obtained significantly higher Grip scores than lower grades. The findings confirmed that the training program was largely effective in enhancing the technical and tactical competencies of the student-respondents, particularly in Spin, Block, Grip, and Footwork, while serving skills required further reinforcement. It was concluded that structured, progressive, and game-based training interventions can significantly elevate table tennis performance, although individualized approaches may be necessary to address persistent weaknesses in Serve and ensure overall consistency across learners
Deepanjali Sahoo, Sadananda Nayak, D. Litt
Odisha's rich and diverse past is reflected in its culture and heritage. "Culture" is a word that has many meanings. In addition to being an item unique to a place or location, cultural heritage can also be found within a family, a people, or a group of individuals. There are two main categories to classify cultural heritage: Natural Heritage and Cultural Heritage. Further sub-categorising cultural heritage into Tangible and Intangible cultural heritage, tangible heritage is defined as anything that exists today and can be touched and/or stored. Tangible heritage can be further categorised into movable and immovable heritage; movable heritage includes items that can be moved from one location to another, such as books, clothes, and artworks, while immovable heritage typically comprises structures, including buildings, monuments, industrial sites, and similar items.
Divyaa A/P Rajandran, Mohamad Hafiz Bin Zaini
This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, investigated teachers' readiness and influencing factors in integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in English Language Teaching (ELT). The study analyzed 20 research articles published between 2021 and 2025, emphasizing on the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education. Key findings revealed that AI offers significant benefits, including adapt lessons to suit every learner’s preferred way of learning and prepare tasks for the students. Furthermore, AI fosters digital literacy and creativity of the teachers to improve engagement, learning outcomes, and classroom efficiency. While AI demonstrates the ability to improve learner engagement and motivation, the study also acknowledged the factors related with implementing AI technology in educational settings. The review also underscores varying levels of awareness and confidence among teachers in using AI tools effectively within ELT contexts. This analysis of fer meaningful informations for educators aiming to effectively integrate AI into their teaching practices, ultimately improving student learning outcomes.
Kenneth Kapalu Muzata, Mildred Kalunga
This study explored at the experiences of teachers who work with learners with mild intellectual disabilities (IDs) in Zambian primary schools. Its goal was to highlight the challenges these teachers face in inclusive classrooms. The research used an interpretivist approach and an interpretive phenomenological design to gather detailed qualitative data. A total of 15 participants were chosen through purposeful sampling, including 3 senior teachers and 12 class teachers, to focus on their experiences. Data collection involved several methods, including in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and an observation checklist. Thematic analysis of the data revealed important challenges these teachers encounter. Key issues included overcrowded classrooms that made it hard to give individual attention, as well as a lack of teaching materials that affected their ability to teach effectively. Teachers also shared their struggles with high emotional stress and feelings of inadequacy in meeting the needs of learners with mild intellectual disabilities. Other challenges included learner absenteeism, disruptive behaviors, and heavy workloads, which made teaching even more difficult. These negative experiences impacted teachers' job satisfaction and effectiveness with their learners. The study highlights the urgent need for support and resources to improve teaching practices for learners with mild intellectual disabilities. By addressing these challenges, policymakers and educational leaders can improve educational outcomes in Zambia, creating a more inclusive and effective learning environment. This research adds to the ongoing conversation about inclusive education and stresses the importance of considering teachers' insights in educational reforms.
Manjie Sambou, Modou A. Sambou
The absence of a transparent and merit-based promotion policy in public education systems poses a critical threat to workforce stability and quality. This study investigated teachers’ perceptions of this longevity-based promotion system and its impact on their turnover intention. Grounded in Organizational Justice Theory, the research employed a mixed-method, research approach. Data were collected via an online questionnaire from 500 teachers across the country with an addition of 8 teachers who participated in interviews. Validated scales measured perceptions of promotion (distributive and procedural justice) and turnover intention. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression were used for analysis.
April D. Pulido, Carla R. Abuan, Connie L. Giron, Emmanuel R. Calica, Jeanette Claire A. Corpuz, Michelle D. Adviento, Oscar O. Ancheta Jr.
This study examined the approaches used by Generation Z (Gen Z) educators in Early Childhood Education (ECE) and how these strategies are used and understood to influence the young students. Based on a qualitative phenomenological design, ten (10) Gen Z teachers were interviewed using semi-structured interviews and using Braun and Clarke (2006) thematic analysis to analyze the data. Results indicated that Gen Z teachers mostly use technology integrated, play, experiential and learner centered methods to support engagement and developmentally suitable learning experiences. The practices help in cognitive, social-emotional and behavioral development of children as well as encourage active involvement and significance of interaction. The paper indicates the significance of sustaining innovative and inclusive practices in early childhood education that is supported by professional development and institutional policies to help teachers in Gen Z.
Cheok Mui Yee, Fu Qiang, Hamidah Mohamad, Mao Chunyu
As digital technologies increasingly permeate educational environments, their psychological consequences have attracted growing scholarly attention, particularly in relation to technology anxiety. Grounded in foundational theories of general anxiety, computer anxiety, and technostress, this study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research on technology anxiety in education from 2000 to 2025. Based on 418 articles retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, CiteSpace and RAWGraphs were employed to examine publication trends, influential authors and journals, collaborative networks, thematic clusters, and keyword evolution. The results reveal a substantial and sustained growth in scholarly output, particularly after 2020, coinciding with the rapid digitalization of education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key thematic clusters include digital literacy, technology acceptance, teacher professional development, emotional readiness, and AI-enhanced learning environments. The analysis also demonstrates a conceptual evolution from early research on computer anxiety and user attitudes toward integrated psychological–pedagogical frameworks emphasizing emotional regulation, well-being, and sustainable technology integration. By systematically mapping the intellectual structure and developmental trajectories of this field, this study contributes a theoretically grounded and data-driven overview of technology anxiety scholarship in educational contexts. The findings highlight emerging research frontiers and provide strategic insights for future interdisciplinary investigations into emotionally responsive and inclusive digital education.
Jacob Segale, Mr Felix Mutau
Context and Gap: The mining industry in Namibia has struggled with sustainability compliance. Although sustainability has been proposed as a solution to the current problem, there remains a research gap regarding the practical application of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies and the barriers to their implementation, particularly in Namibia. Purpose: This paper sought to determine how the main 4IR technologies, in particular the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain, could be applied to these long-standing sustainability issues in Namibia’s mining industry. Methods: A pragmatic, socio-technical grounded theory approach was used in the study with a sequential explanatory design. The first step was a survey of 179 stakeholders in the industry, followed by 14 face-to-face interviews. Critical Quantitative Results: The survey indicated high stakeholder confidence in the use of these technologies to achieve regulatory compliance, with AI viewed as most helpful (31%), followed by blockchain (26%) and IoT (25%). However, the survey also identified serious obstacles: lack of technical expertise (28%), prohibitive implementation costs (26%), management resistance (24%), and uncertainties regarding the regulatory guidelines (19%). Qualitative Theme and Contribution: The interviews identified a socio-technical tension, the phenomenon of the Technology as a Double-Edged Sword, in which interviewees expressed a sincere interest in the process of technological change but faced real fears of employment displacement and increased digital gaps. The principal contribution of the study is the introduction of a new socio-technical framework that offers evidence-based guidance to policymakers and leaders in industries to control digital transformation in an equitable manner in the extractive industries.
Dr LRK Krishnan, S Shreya Krishnan, Sashreek Krishnan
This study examines changes in work practices across manufacturing plants in India, in the context of the postCOVID-19 pandemic and subsequent business transformations. The pandemic led to significant fluctuations in supply and demand, compelling organizations to rapidly adapt operations, enhance customer support, and implement cost-reduction strategies, including workforce downsizing. Grounded in the broader context of technological disruption and industrial restructuring, the study explores how manufacturing firms responded to these challenges. The research adopts an empirical, descriptive design, with data collected from 160 employees working at leading manufacturing plants in India. Statistical tools such as SPSS and SmartPLS were used to analyze the data and examine relationships among key variables. The findings reveal that the industry benefits from a strong demographic dividend, highlighting the urgent need for upskilling initiatives. Automation, digitalization, and emerging technologies are identified as transformative forces reshaping shop-floor dynamics. The results further indicate a positive relationship between job satisfaction, employee retention, and productivity. Technological advancement, coupled with accelerated upskilling, significantly contributes to improved organizational outcomes and workforce stability. The study underscores the practical and social implications of smart manufacturing, in which increased automation and intelligent systems may reduce the need for a manual workforce while enhancing efficiency and performance. The originality of this research lies in its focus on the intersection of demographic advantage, technological transformation, and workforce readiness in the Indian manufacturing sector. The findings emphasize the need for substantial organizational investment in employee upskilling to prepare workers for AIdriven and robotics-enabled production environments.
Ruel June B. Capio
This study examined the perceptions of teenagers from different socioeconomic backgrounds in Malaybalay City regarding the effectiveness of the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) in delivering programs, leadership, and inclusive governance. Using a quantitative descriptive-comparative design, data were collected from 100 teenagers as respondents aged thirteen to eighteen in Barangay Casisang and Barangay San Jose through a structured survey focusing on satisfaction, participation, accessibility, and inclusiveness of SK initiatives. Findings revealed that respondents were generally very satisfied with SK programs and leadership, recognizing the council’s role in youth representation and opportunities for engagement. Participation and accessibility were rated as high, particularly in terms of communication and inclusivity, although actual attendance at SK events remained moderate due to barriers such as financial constraints and limited interest. The inclusiveness and effectiveness of SK programs were also perceived positively, especially in leadership training and youth involvement in policy discussions, though concerns emerged about fairness in resource allocation and responsiveness to the needs of underprivileged groups. Correlation results indicated significant positive relationships between satisfaction, participation, and perceptions of inclusiveness, with participation and accessibility emerging as stronger predictors of inclusive governance. These findings highlight that while teenagers appreciate SK initiatives, equitable distribution of resources and removal of barriers to full participation remain pressing challenges. The study underscores the importance of strengthening youth empowerment by ensuring that SK governance equally addresses the needs of both privileged and underprivileged communities. The results may guide SK officials, barangay leaders, and policymakers in developing more responsive, inclusive, and equitable youth programs.
Kalisto Kalimaposo, Kenneth Kapalu Muzata, Oscar Sinkala
This study explored the responsiveness of Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training (TEVET) curriculum adaptations for students with Visual Impairment (VI) in Zambian institutions. Grounded in the Social Model of Disability and the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework, the research investigated how current Findings reveal that while localized adaptations such as strategic seating, task analysis, and improvised tactile materials are practiced, they are largely driven by individual lecturer initiative rather than systemic policy. Implementation is significantly hindered by a "Disability Gap" characterized by unsuitable infrastructure, a critical shortage of standardized assistive technology, and rigid academic timelines that fail to account for non-visual processing. The study concludes that for TEVET in Zambia to be truly responsive, there must be a transition from adhoc improvisations to formalized, well-funded inclusive standards. Key recommendations include the establishment of a National TEVET Inclusive Resource Fund, mandatory inclusive pedagogy training for instructors, and the adoption of competency-based modularization to provide the temporal flexibility required by learners with VI.
Dr. Madonna P. Melchor, Maecel M. Lat
This study examined the acceptability of the SuliYog Cocktail, a locally inspired beverage formulated from banana (suli) and coconut (niyog), as a foundation for a techno-guide intended for instruction, community extension, and small-scale production. The product was developed in response to the growing demand for sustainable, locally sourced food and beverage innovations that support agricultural utilization and community development. An experimental research design was employed, applying descriptive and inferential statistical methods to evaluate consumer responses to four cocktail treatments with varying ingredient formulations. Sensory evaluation was conducted using a nine-point hedonic scale by trained panelists, food and beverage practitioners, and selected consumers. The attributes assessed included taste, aroma, texture, and overall acceptability. Findings revealed that all treatments achieved acceptable sensory ratings across the evaluated attributes. Among the four formulations, Treatment B consistently obtained the highest mean scores for texture and overall acceptability, indicating a more balanced and cohesive sensory profile. One-way analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences among treatments in terms of texture and general acceptability, while no significant differences were observed for taste and aroma. The results emphasize the importance of texture and mouthfeel in shaping overall beverage preference once basic flavor quality is achieved. The study demonstrates that bananas and coconuts can be effectively utilized in beverage development without compromising consumer acceptance. Based on the findings, a techno-guide was formulated to serve as a practical reference for instructional use, community-based training, and production applications. The study contributes to sustainable food innovation by integrating sensory science, local resources, and applied product development.
Fadila Normahia Abd Manaf, Mardhiyah Ismail, Nik Nur Amiza Nik Ismail*, Nurul Hafiza Ismail, Siti Haslini Zakaria
The rise of digital payment methods has changed the way people make financial transactions. The young generation, particularly the university students, increasingly utilize electronic wallets (e-wallets) in their daily lives due to its quickness, convenience, and contactless payments and transactions. There are several factors that influence the level of e-wallet acceptance among students. These include demographic traits like age and educational background, the ease of use, their degree of trust in the platform's security, and the service's usefulness. Here, the acceptance of e-wallets among higher education students, focusing on a case study of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kelantan is studied and explored. The study will provide insights into how social influence, perceived usefulness, and ease of use influence students' intention to use this technology. Using a quantitative research approach, data were gathered by distributing a Google Form to 105 students from UiTM Kelantan. The findings imply that the acceptance of e-wallet highly influenced by the social influence and perceived usefulness of the technology. Since the factors influencing the acceptance of e-wallets may vary in various countries, the continuous study of this technology will give insights on their implications on the economic and social of a particular region.
Aidarohani Samsudin, Shahira Abdul Jabar, Shashazrina Roslan
The widespread integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has significantly reshaped how university students interact with learning materials and complete academic tasks. Among AI tools, ChatGPT has become one of the most frequently used platforms, particularly due to its ability to generate explanations, summarise content, and provide writing assistance. This study examines the impact of ChatGPT usage on learning motivation among university students in Johor. A quantitative survey involving 209 students from public university was conducted to analyse how frequently students use ChatGPT and how such usage influences their learning motivation. Data were collected through online questionnaires using adapted instruments measuring ChatGPT usage (10 items) and learning motivation (9 items) on a 5-point Likert scale. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between ChatGPT usage and learning motivation (r = 0.676, p < .001), indicating that students who frequently utilise ChatGPT tend to demonstrate higher academic motivation. The mean score for ChatGPT usage was 3.77, while learning motivation scored 3.68, suggesting moderately high engagement levels. Reliability analysis confirmed the internal consistency of both constructs (α = 0.868 for ChatGPT usage; α = 0.887 for learning motivation). Despite these positive outcomes, the study acknowledges potential risks of excessive reliance on AI tools, which may compromise independent learning skills. The study's implications suggest that ChatGPT should be positioned as a supportive learning tool rather than a primary source of academic output. Recommendations include establishing guidelines for responsible AI use and strengthening digital literacy programmes within Malaysian universities.
Imelda Ann binti Achin, Liping Xu, Mohammad Puad bin Bebit, Yuanyan Li, Yuanyi Wang
This study takes the Huizhou Three Carvings culture of Wuyuan as its primary source of inspiration. As a significant treasure of traditional Chinese architectural art, Huizhou Three Carvings—comprising brick carving, stone carving, and wood carving—are renowned for their exquisite craftsmanship, yet they currently face challenges in contemporary inheritance and application. Through a systematic analysis of the cultural elements of Huizhou Three Carvings, this research extracts four core design dimensions: first, “pattern narration,” which reflects seasonal cycles and cultural symbolism embedded in carved motifs; second, “material dialogue,” highlighting the artistic interaction among brick, stone, wood, and ceramic materials; third, “craft inheritance,” which embodies the essence of traditional carving techniques; and fourth, “functional transformation,” which enables a creative shift from architectural ornamentation to functional tableware. Based on these traditional elements, this study develops a modern ceramic tableware series. By analyzing contemporary trends in the ceramic tableware market and the current development of intangible cultural heritage-inspired creative products, representative motifs from Huizhou wood carving, brick carving, and stone carving are extracted and innovatively integrated into tableware design through a four-season thematic system. While preserving the cultural essence of traditional craftsmanship, the design emphasizes compatibility with modern aesthetics and practical use, thereby revitalizing intangible cultural heritage in everyday life. This design practice not only provides new perspectives for the contemporary transformation of intangible cultural heritage, but also explores feasible pathways for the development of traditional cultural creative products.
Mohd Saiful Affendi, Syed Fareez Syed Nasir, Zabedah Othman
Job satisfaction among healthcare professionals is an important factor in determining operational readiness, workforce stability and effective healthcare delivery, especially within structured and high-pressure healthcare environments. This research study will investigate the relationship between critical thinking skills and decision-making skills to job satisfaction among the personnel working in the Malaysian hospitals in Klang Valley. Drawing upon the Job Embeddedness Model, the research will examine the contribution of cognitive competencies to the perception of organisational fit, professional fulfilment and workforce sustainability. A quantitative cross-sectional research design will be used to analyse the proposed relationships. A sample of 200 healthcare professionals will be selected using systematics of random sampling to ensure adequate representation and statistical validity. Data will be gathered using structured questionnaires based on known data instruments on critical thinking disposition, decision-making patterns and job satisfaction. The responses will be measured using a five-point Likert scale. Statistical analyses will be performed using Version 30 of the statistical package Statistical Package and System (SPSS) including descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple regression to test the hypothesised relationships. The study will hypothesise that both critical thinking skills and decision-making skills have a positive association with job satisfaction in healthcare settings. It is expected that improved cognitive competencies will reveal greater professional confidence, decreased clinical uncertainty, increased workplace engagement, and consequently, improved work satisfaction. By concentrating on cognitive capabilities needed for clinical judgement, ethical reasoning and operational effectiveness, this study will produce empirical information to support evidence-based human resource strategies, professional development initiatives and long-term resilience of healthcare in Malaysia.
Adegbie Folajimi Festus, Oluata Oluwasegun Dolapo
The accounting profession is essential to globalized economies as it provides the bedrock of transparency, trust, and reliable financial information necessary for efficient resource allocation, international investment, and sustainable economic growth. The transformation in accounting is vital to modern globalized economies because it enhances transparency, efficiency, and data-driven decision-making, which are essential for attracting international investment, facilitating cross-border trade, and ensuring financial stability. This evolution is driven largely by technological advancements and the need for standardized global practices. The transformation of accounting from a trade into a codified, principles-based profession is widely attributed to the emergence of Professional Accounting Organizations (PAOs). Despite the acknowledged historical importance of these Professional Accounting Organizations, a significant gap exists based on empirical facts that established the specific causal mechanisms through which these institutions directly shaped and accelerated the modernization of accounting practices. This qualitative study and content analysis investigated the influence of PAO institutionalization on the modernization of accounting practices across four strategically selected countries: the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Nigeria.A comparative multiple-case study design was employed, using purposive sampling to ensure theoretical variation in PAO formation models. Data collected exclusively through qualitative archival analysis, including foundational charters, technical pronouncements, ethical codes, educational syllabi, and professional journals from each country’s formative period (c. 1880-1980). Data analysis involved within-case process tracing and cross-case pattern matching to identify causal mechanisms. The study found PAOs were not passive respondents to market needs but active institutional entrepreneurs shaping the profession's trajectory. As the analysis revealed three consistent, context-adapted mechanisms of PAO influence: Legitimacy Construction (all cases), where PAOs leveraged state partnerships (UK, France, Nigeria) or market authority (US) to codify practices; Cognitive Control (all cases), achieved through the standardization of education and examinations, most decisively observed in Nigeria’s ICAN post-1965; and Strategic Mimicry (notably in Nigeria and France), where PAOs selectively adopted and adapted Anglo-American models to suit local legal and economic contexts. The Nigerian case uniquely highlighted how a transplanted PAO functioned as the primary driver of practice homogenization in a post-colonial economy. The study concluded that PAOs were not merely reflections of market needs but were active institutional entrepreneurs whose influence are validated by national context. The transformation of accounting practices was significantly accelerated by the deliberate, strategic interventions of these bodies. It is recommended that contemporary accounting policymakers recognize the enduring importance of context-sensitive PAO capacity building, especially in emerging economies, and that global standard-setters actively support the development of PAOs as critical infrastructure for high-quality financial reporting. Also, National governments, particularly in developing nations, should prioritize the legal and operational strengthening of their national PAOs as key institutions of economic governance.
Eliah Islary
In every society, from ancient to modern times, women are considered the property of men to serve their interests in both society and the domestic front. The position of women always plays a significant role in the growth and development of any society in the world. Assam is a land of numerous tribes having different ethnic and linguistic backgrounds since time immemorial. Among them, the Bodo/Boro are numerically and sociologically one of the most important aboriginal tribes in Assam. The role of Bodo women was confined to being a wife and a mother, as has been depicted in the inscriptions. Yet the historiography of that period confined the study of the Status of Bodo women in her society in various concern areas. The paper makes a humble attempt to highlight the importance of the status of Bodo women or their normal position in the field of socio-cultural, economic, and religious perceptions in the society in the colonial period.
Dr. Ambrues Monboe Nebo
This study explores the role of the Citizens’ Movement for Change (CMC) in Liberia, investigating whether it functions as a genuine agent of democratic renewal or primarily as a protest-oriented opposition group. The research is grounded in democratic renewal theory, complemented by opposition politics theory, to explain the party’s emergence, behavior, and potential influence. Using a mixed-method qualitative design, the study employs a case study approach supplemented by document and content analysis, as well as direct observation, to examine the CMC’s organizational structure, strategic orientation, political messaging, and capacity for grassroots mobilization. The analysis reveals that the CMC shows significant promise in promoting democratic transformation through local engagement, reform-focused initiatives, and accountability advocacy. At the same time, its effectiveness is limited by structural and contextual factors, including its hesitancy to form coalitions, dependence on charismatic leadership, public perceptions of its leader, and Liberia’s complex ethnic and religious landscape. The study concludes that strengthening internal governance, implementing reform agendas at the grassroots, strategically managing public perception, and fostering inclusive support across societal divisions are critical for the CMC to consolidate its role as a driver of democratic change. These findings offer insights into the dynamics of opposition politics and the challenges and opportunities for democratic renewal in hybrid political systems.
Dr. Philip V. Saywrayne, III
Independent thinking is a foundational pillar of innovation, ethical decision-making, and sustainable institutional development. However, many educational institutions continue to prioritize conformity, rote learning, and hierarchical obedience over intellectual autonomy. This article examines the consequences of limited independent thinking on the holistic growth of institutions, including academic stagnation, weakened leadership capacity, and diminished social relevance. Drawing on educational theory and organizational development perspectives, the paper argues that institutions that suppress independent thought undermine their ability to adapt, innovate, and fulfill their societal mandate.
Nurul Hana Adi Maimun, Nurul Liyana Ibrahim
Stigmatised properties refer to residential units that are psychologically affected by past events such as death, crime, or alleged paranormal occurrences which may influence buyer perceptions despite having no physical defects. In culturally sensitive contexts such as Malaysia, where traditional beliefs and superstitions remain influential, such properties may face distinctive market challenges. This study investigates the market implications of stigmatised houses in Malaysia from the perspective of property industry professionals. A structured questionnaire survey was administered to 54 respondents, comprising licensed estate agents and property negotiators. The findings indicate that cultural beliefs significantly shape market reactions toward stigmatised properties, leading to extended marketing periods and price discounts compared to non-stigmatised units. The results further reveal that many agents are reluctant to accept listings of properties associated with negative stigma due to reputational and transaction risks. These findings contribute to the limited empirical literature on psychological stigma in emerging property markets and provide practical insights for real estate practitioners and property owners in developing appropriate pricing and marketing strategies for stigmatised properties.
Charis Polydoros, Georgios V. Polydoros, Ilias A. Kalis
This study investigates how economic conditions shape informal cultural learning within European student mobility, focusing on Erasmus students’ museum participation and engagement. Drawing on a quantitative cross-sectional design (N = 100), the study examines whether perceived economic difficulty and affordability predict museum visitation and cultural learning engagement. Multiple regression analyses indicate that economic difficulty significantly reduces museum visits, while perceived affordability strongly predicts engagement (β = .52, p < .001), with economic variables explaining 29% of the variance in participation and 42% of the variance in engagement outcomes.
John Toro Gimba, Mohammed Akaro Mainoma, Simon John Onojah
The ongoing distress in the Nigerian banking sector raises the question of whether the current regulatory framework is effective in both ensuring financial system stability and enabling banks to earn profits for their shareholders. Among the requirements, the capital adequacy regulations are of particular concern: do they strengthen the stability of the financial sector or constrain banks' ability to deliver returns to shareholders? This study examines the effect of capital adequacy regulations on the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The survey period is from Q1 2015 to Q1 2025. The study used return on equity as the measure of bank performance (dependent variable) and capital adequacy ratio as the independent variable. Asset quality and liquidity were considered as control variables. The inflation rate was included to account for external shocks. Appropriate econometric analysis was conducted using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. The major finding is that capital adequacy regulations have a significant adverse effect on bank performance in both the short and long run. Asset quality has a considerable influence, while liquidity and inflation do not. Other tests for model selection, stability, serial correlation, heteroskedasticity, and normality confirm the model's suitability. The study concludes that while capital adequacy regulations are necessary for systemic stability, their strict enforcement at high levels can constrain bank profitability. Policymakers need to strike a balance by adopting a risk-sensitive approach to capital regulation, enhancing asset quality management, applying countercyclical capital buffers, and introducing discretionary flexibility during economic shocks. These recommendations align the goals of prudential supervision with banks' dynamic performance objectives, thereby improving outcomes for the macroeconomic environment in which these banks operate. Overall, policymakers, regulators, and capital bank managers can benefit from the study's findings by ensuring that banks operate with adequate capital levels that support, rather than hinder, performance in Nigeria's banking sector.
Beatrice Sunduza, Edwin Chimunhu, James Sengu, Jowel Jowo, Kennety Gwatidzo, Linda Netsai Kubikwa, Malcolme Chada, Paidamoyo Makoni, Selina Chimbadzwa, Tichaona Mudyanadzo
This study examines the multifaceted effects of technology adoption on gender roles within the Dzivarasekwa Extension Federation Homestead in Harare, Zimbabwe, a peri-urban settlement characterized by evolving socioeconomic dynamics. Drawing on data collected from 120 households through mixed-methods approaches including structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews conducted between January and June 2024, this research investigates how mobile technology, information and communication technologies (ICT), and household appliances influence traditional gender divisions of labor, decision-making authority, and economic empowerment patterns. Findings reveal paradoxical outcomes: while technology access has expanded women's economic opportunities through mobile banking (72% of female respondents) and digital entrepreneurship (45%), persistent digital gender divides remain evident in ICT skills acquisition (31-point gap), device ownership disparities (58% male vs. 42% female), and technology-enabled domestic burden intensification. The study documents that 68% of households report technology has altered decision-making processes, with 54% indicating increased female participation in financial decisions facilitated by mobile money platforms. However, socio-cultural barriers including restrictive gender norms (reported by 76% of female participants), limited digital literacy, economic constraints, and unequal access to technological resources continue to impede transformative gender equality outcomes. This research contributes empirical evidence to technology-gender scholarship in African urban contexts and provides policy recommendations for leveraging technology as a tool for sustainable gender equality advancement in Zimbabwe.
Jacqueline Joseph
Effective business pitching is a vital skill for agro entrepreneurs, yet many students lack the confidence, structure, and persuasive delivery needed to secure support for their ventures. This study investigates the effectiveness of e-learning micro-credential in strengthening agricultural business pitching skills among Diploma in Agropreneurship students at UiTM Sabah. Using a pre-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design, 33 students were first exposed to a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). AGB283 Agriculture Business Pitching and later enrolled in a targeted micro-credential module, UMC579: Crafting Agri-Startup Business Plan. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analysed using paired t-tests. Results revealed significant improvements in pitching performance, engagement, and perceived learning relevance, with post-micro-credential outcomes far surpassing those of the MOOC stage (t(32) = 13.36, p < .001). Students reported improvements in pitch structuring, confidence, and clarity, which were further enhanced using interactive digital tools, including AI-driven pitching coaches and gamified assessments. The findings highlight micro-credentials as a transformative pedagogical innovation that aligns with 21st-century education emphasising learner-centered design, digital engagement, and competency-based outcomes. This approach not only fosters entrepreneurial competencies but also ensures higher completion, satisfaction, and pitching skill mastery compared to traditional MOOCs. Future research should explore long-term retention, scalability across sectors, and integration of emerging technologies to further strengthen their impact on agro-entrepreneurship education.
Adnan Aminuddin, Muhammad Fahim Ruzman, Muhammad Ikhwan Che Dan, Muhammad Irfan Faiz Mohd Fauzid
Nowadays, industrial training has become a mandatory component of academic programs to enhance graduate employability and workplace readiness. However, issues such as skills mismatched, insufficient soft skills and unemployment among graduates persist. Hence, the objectives of this study are to determine the level of perceived effectiveness of industrial training among students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah Branch using Kirkpatrick Training Model as the underpinning theory. Secondly, the relationship between the three factors toward the effectiveness of industrial training is also examined. Lastly, the most dominant factors towards the effectiveness of industrial training among university students are analysed. This study focused on investigating three factors which are departmental support, pre-placement activities, and host company support. This study employed a cross-sectional and quantitative study design with data collected using a set of questionnaires among 63 students determined using census procedure. The findings indicated all independent variables tested (departmental support, pre-placement activity, and host company support) have positive relationships with the dependent variable (Effectiveness of Industrial training) with the value of p<0.005. The multiple regression analysis reported that departmental support is the most influential factor toward the effectiveness of industrial training among respondents. The findings provided insights that helped higher education institutions and industry stakeholders improve the industrial training program system.
Jorrye Jakiwa, Mohd Syrinaz Azli, Pang Tsu Koon, Siti Azilah Atan
Obstacle Course Racing (OCR) is a physically demanding sport that challenges athletes to combine strength, speed, endurance, and agility to overcome various physical obstacles. For Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) athletes, OCR performance not only reflects their physical fitness but also serves as an indicator of their operational readiness and functional capability in real-field conditions. This study aims to identify the most effective training method to enhance OCR performance. Specifically, it compares the effects of eight weeks of ballistic training (BT) and complex training (CT) on upper- and lower-body strength, grip strength, vertical jump power, and linear sprint speed among RMP OCR athletes.Twenty male RMP special unit officers (n = 20; age: 30.4 ± 4.4 years; height: 1.75 ± 0.03 m; body mass: 66.0 ± 3.0 kg) participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the BT group or the CT group. Both groups showed significant improvements in upper- and lower-body strength and power (P < 0.001). However, the BT group demonstrated greater improvements compared to the CT group. No significant changes were observed in 60-m sprint performance (P > 0.001). The findings suggest that incorporating ballistic resistance exercises into in-season training programs can effectively optimize performance among tactical OCR athletes.
Rojane F. Bernas
This study investigates how well video-mediated reflective practice helps Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) pre-service teachers get ready for work and teaching. As technology becomes more common in teacher education programs, it is important to understand how digital tools affect professional development. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used with two groups of pre-service teachers: one group did video-mediated reflection, and the other group did traditional journaling. Standardized tests that focused on pedagogical content knowledge and occupational competence were used to measure how ready the respondents were. The results show that the experimental group was significantly more ready to teach than the control group, especially when it came to self-assessment and being able to adapt to their teaching style. Also, video-mediated reflection helped people think more deeply about how well they were teaching, which made them feel more confident in their jobs. The study finds that using video technology in reflective practices greatly improves the professional preparation of TVET candidates. These results suggest that schools should use video-based feedback systems to help students apply what they have learned in the classroom.
Ivo Soares
Despite the Bologna Process’ emphasis on employability, concerns persist that higher education has not kept pace with the demands of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-intensive labour markets. This article examines the formal competence profile of Business Sciences curricula to explore this misalignment. Using quantitative content analysis, programme-level learning outcomes from 421 Business Sciences study cycles accredited by the Portuguese Agency for Assessment and Accreditation of Higher Education are analysed and mapped onto the USEM model through a validated competence matrix. The findings reveal a pronounced structural imbalance: while 85% of programmes explicitly include Knowledge-related outcomes (Understanding) and 63% include Technical-Scientific competences (Skills), only 35% refer to Efficacy-related transversal competences such as autonomous work, adaptation, continuous learning, or motivation for excellence. This configuration is conceptualised as an “Efficacy Gap” in the intended curriculum. Drawing on recent frameworks of AI Capital and Technological Readiness, the gap is interpreted as a structural condition that may constrain graduates’ capacity to convert disciplinary knowledge into adaptive, AI-enabled professional practice. The study contributes by (1) providing system-level evidence on the competence architecture of an entire national set of business programmes, (2) theoretically integrating the USEM model with emerging concepts of AI Capital and Technological Readiness, and (3) outlining implications for a transition from content-delivery towards readiness-oriented curricula that more explicitly foster autonomy, resilience, and lifelong learning as core conditions for employability in the AI era.
Shereen Noranee, Siti Norashikin Bashirun*, Zuhairah Hasan
This article presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the evolution of employee green behavior (EGB) from 2013 to 2023. The study aims to map the trends, patterns, and influential factors that have shaped the research landscape over the past decade. By employing bibliometric methods, the study analyses 833 publications using approaches including co-citation analysis, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and citation network analysis. The findings highlight a significant increase in literature, with focus areas on Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Notably, the analysis identifies significant contributions from countries such as China were notably recognized. Seven clusters were identified, emphasizing key themes including employee attitude, citizenship, green behavior, environmental leadership, pro-environmental behavior, corporate social responsibility, and climate change. The findings revealed the emergence of new research directions, the evolution of theoretical frameworks, and the growing interdisciplinary nature of this field. Finally, the article discusses implications for future research and practice, highlighting the need for continued exploration of EGB in the context of sustainable organizations and environmental management
Adibah Abdul Latif, Aqeel Khan, Nur Asyikin Yakub, Syed Faraz Ali
The bibliometric study analyzes the progression of global research on polyvictimization from 2005 to 2023, focusing on its impact on adolescent mental health. Polyvictimization, a term introduced by Finkelhor in 2005, encompasses multiple victimization from such as sexual abuse, bullying, and witnessing violence, which cumulatively impact on individual’s well-being. This study employs a bibliometric approach to dissect the research landscape, identifying pivotal authors, institutions, and countries that have significantly contributed to the discourse. We mapped publication trends, citation metrics, and co-authorship networks to reveal a growing academic interest and an interconnected global research community with the United States as a central hub. The results indicate an increased recognition of polyvictimization’s mental health implications, particularly during critical developmental periods in youth. This comprehensive review serves as a vital resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners, offering insights into past developments and guiding future research trajectories in understanding and mitigating the effects of polyvictimization.
Allen Clair D. Jarmin, Angel B. Hinggo, Dr. Nancy E. Aranjuez, John Paul Carmona, Jomebe E. Bucalod, Juramie R. Rubia, Ramel L. Balogo, Romie Montes
This study aimed to look into the impact of war on residents in conflict zones, using a qualitative method. Data was collected from 10 respondents in a selected barangay of Sergio Osmeňa, Zamboanga del Norte. The findings reveal high levels of anxiety, trauma, and persistent psychological suffering stemming from the constant threat of violence. Physical displacement caused by conflict disrupts lives, leading to long-term challenges, including the loss of homes and limited access to basic services. Economic livelihoods and community networks have been severely impacted, pushing residents into a survival mode. The study recommends that the LGU implement mental health programs, strengthen peacekeeping efforts, and provide livelihood training to help residents recover from the impacts of conflict. Ensuring access to essential services, such as healthcare and education, and building temporary shelters in conflict-affected areas are also crucial to support displaced and vulnerable populations.
Yan Xuning, Zhang Jimin
In the everyday streets and alleys of southeastern coastal China, graffiti often appears alongside temples, incense burners, and local deities within the same urban landscape. However, related research tends to interpret the localization of graffiti as symbolic collage or aesthetic mashup, rarely exploring how these local resources function within the creator's experiential world. This article uses Moon, a graffiti artist from Quanzhou, Fujian, as a case study, based on a transcript of an in-depth interview, to discuss how Southern Fujian folk beliefs have entered the conceptual structure and creative practice of graffiti writing. In the interview, Moon does not treat "Tudigong (the Earth God)" as a cultural symbol to attract attention but rather understands it as a protective force highly relevant to street creation. Starting from the Southern Fujian belief system of "worshiping what you ask for," he connects street creation with "land," thus deducing that Tudigong is the "deity who manages graffiti," and prays to him for more walls and creative spaces in his daily worship. Furthermore, the image of Tudigong in his work is not only a personal identifier but also a way to establish a relationship with the space. Before entering a new location to create, he would first draw a Tudigong in a corner or stick a sticker on it to connect himself with that space. This paper contributes by proposing a supplementary path to understanding the localization of graffiti: local culture is not merely a decorative element "added" to a work; it can also deeply participate in the creator's sense of space, the sustainability of practice, and the choice of symbols through everyday concepts and action systems such as folk beliefs, thereby influencing how graffiti is imagined and practiced in local society.
Iliya Farhani Ismail, Muhammad Zaly Shah
Understanding the heterogeneity of passenger needs is essential for increasing public transport ridership in car-dependent urban areas. This study examines the relationship between passenger demographics and perceived service quality of the public bus system in Johor Bahru. By analyzing variables including age, income, and frequency of travel, the research identifies critical disparities in how different community segments experience urban mobility. Statistical analysis confirms that demographic characteristics are crucial predictors of satisfaction, with significant variations found in accessibility, safety, and information provision. The study provides a framework for transportation providers to move toward data-driven, tailored service models. By addressing the specific demands of diverse demographic groups, stakeholders can improve service equity and support the city’s goals for sustainable modal shifts. These implications extend beyond transit, offering insights into broader public service management and social engagement strategies.
Afiq Azri Mohd Ghani, Angela Chan Nguk Fong, Nur Muneerah Kasim, Nurul Nabihah Mohd Radzi, Rashidin Idris, Siti Nur Fadilah Kassim, Thilaagheswary a/p Thangadurai, Thillairaj a/l Kalipan
This study aims to examine the relationship between work motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) and job performance among employees in Selangor. The research is motivated by understanding how motivation influences performance in a diverse and dynamic workforce. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 153 employees through structured questionnaires, employing the Motivation at Work Scale (MAWS) and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ). The analysis was conducted using SPSS, to identify the relationship between motivational factors and job performance. The findings indicate a significant positive correlation (r=.464, p<.05) between motivational and job performance. High mean scores in both MAWS and IWPQ suggest that most employees were both highly motivated and performing well. This implies that motivation plays a key role in enhancing employee productivity and engagement. The implications of this study are significant for organisational leaders, HR practitioners, and policymakers, especially in tailoring motivation strategies. It recommends organisations to develop motivation strategies that address both internal satisfaction and external rewards.
Intan soliha Ibrahim, Liping Xu, Soon Fook Fong, Yuanyan Li
This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on intelligence media innovation, using the Xiaohongshu short-video platform in China as an empirical case. As AI technologies increasingly reshape digital media ecosystems, intelligence media platforms rely on algorithmic systems to optimize content production, recommendation, user engagement, and business model development. Drawing on a questionnaire survey of 210 rofessionals within the Xiaohongshu ecosystem, including content creators, editorial staff, platform managers, and technical personnel, this study examines how AI is integrated into media workflows and how such integration contributes to innovation outcomes. The findings reveal that AI plays a pivotal role in driving intelligence media innovation across multiple dimensions. AI-assisted content production, automated tagging, trend analysis, and recommendation algorithms significantly enhance workflow efficiency and support data-driven creative decision-making. Moreover, AI-driven personalization strengthens user engagement by delivering customized content, increasing interaction, retention, and overall platform competitiveness. The results also indicate that AI analytics facilitate business model innovation by enabling targeted advertising, influencer collaborations, and e-commerce integration. Although some respondents express concerns regarding content homogenization and over-reliance on algorithms, the overall evidence suggests that AI functions as an effective enabler of innovation when combined with human creativity and oversight. his study contributes empirical insights into AI-enabled intelligence media innovation and provides practical implications for digital media platforms seeking sustainable and intelligent development.
Betty Chinyanga, James Sengu, Lenzolin Mutyavaviri, Lynnet Kapfumvuti, Miriam Zira, Primrose K. Usai, Reginal Chida, Talent C. Denhere, Tendai P. Kamhaka, Tracy Chinyepe
Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a pervasive social problem with devastating consequences for children who witness or experience such violence in their homes and communities. This study examined the impact of GBV on children in Mbare, a high-density suburb of Harare, Zimbabwe. Framed within Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological systems theory, the research conceptualized GBV as a multi-level phenomenon shaped by individual, relational, community, and societal factors. The study was guided by four hypotheses: (1) GBV exposure is significantly prevalent among children in Mbare; (2) children are exposed to multiple co-occurring forms of violence; (3) GBV exposure is significantly associated with negative psychological and emotional outcomes; and (4) GBV exposure significantly predicts diminished academic performance. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was employed. A purposive sample of 78 children aged 8–15 years was drawn from the Mbare community. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered via face-to-face interviews and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. The study found that all sampled children reported exposure to or witnessing of GBV, with significant negative associations documented between GBV exposure and emotional wellbeing (fear, anxiety, sadness, anger, and helplessness) and academic performance (concentration difficulties and grade deterioration). Multiple regression analysis identified GBV exposure frequency, fear/anxiety scores, and helplessness as significant predictors of academic performance decline. The research calls for strengthening child protection mechanisms, implementing school-based psychosocial support services, and comprehensive community awareness campaigns to prevent GBV and support affected children in Zimbabwe.
Maryam Mohd Esa, Muhammad Syafiq Hakimi Mohd Adabi, Noor Fariza Mohd Hasini, Roslinawati Ibrahim, Salbiah Nur
Customer satisfaction refers to a condition in which customers’ desires, expectations, and needs are fulfilled. It is a crucial aspect that consistently attracts the attention of product suppliers and service providers. This study aims to examine the relationship between loyalty, trust, and digital customer service among customers of Villa Nadia Homestay in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, in achieving customer satisfaction. The primary objective of this research is to identify the relationship between loyalty, trust, and digital customer service towards customer satisfaction. A quantitative research approach was employed, whereby questionnaires were distributed via Google Form, and a total of 94 customers participated as respondents. Data were analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27, involving descriptive analysis, mean analysis, correlation analysis, and hypothesis testing. The findings revealed that loyalty, trust, and digital customer service exhibit a significant and positive relationship with customer satisfaction.
Jacob Tawiah, Juliet Appiah Osei-Afoakwa, Priscilla Aboagye Aryeh
Background: Ghanaian public universities, including the University of Mines and Technology (UMaT), invest considerable resources in formulating strategic plans. However, the gap between formulation and successful implementation remains a significant challenge, often leading to a failure to achieve strategic objectives. While resources and leadership are often cited as causes, this study investigates the underlying influence of organisational culture and the critical mediating role of administrative staff commitment. Methods: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional survey design. Data was collected from 113 administrative staff at UMaT using three established scales: the Organisational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) to measure culture types (Clan, Adhocracy, Market, Hierarchy), the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) to measure staff commitment, and a tailored scale to measure perceived strategic plan implementation success. Data was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4 to test the direct and mediating relationships. Results: The findings indicate that Clan and Adhocracy culture types have a significant positive influence on both administrative staff commitment and perceived implementation success. In contrast, a dominant Hierarchy culture showed a negative impact. The relationship between Market culture and outcomes was mixed. Most significantly, administrative staff commitment demonstrated a full mediating effect between Clan and Adhocracy cultures and implementation success. Conclusion: The successful implementation of strategic plans in Ghanaian public universities is not merely a procedural task but a cultural and human resource challenge. Fostering a collaborative (Clan) and innovative (Adhocracy) culture is paramount to securing the commitment of administrative staff, who are the engine of implementation. University leadership must intentionally shape organisational culture as a prerequisite for strategic success.
Ahmad Fahim bin Zulkifli, Siti Nur Shafiqah binti Zainal Abidin
This paper examines how physical activity in schools affects the academic achievement of middle school children in Shah Alam, Malaysia. In particular, the study examines the ability of the frequency, intensity, and the nature of physical activities to have an impact on cognitive abilities, emotional well-being, and general achievement in school. Through quantitative research approach, the study collected data of 169 students in the middle classes through standardized data collection methods like Physical Activity Questionnaire of Adolescents (PAQ-A) and academic performance indicators. The results show that academic performance especially with regard to memory, attention and problem-solving skills are positively correlated with physical activity and are important in academic success. The paper also investigates the importance of socio-economic status of students in the participation of school based physical activities, which is that students with higher socio-economic status enjoy more resources and can therefore engage in physical activities on a more regular basis. In addition, the study also finds that well-organized physical exercises, such as team sports, play a major role in boosting the ability of the students to be more focused, motivated, and in control of their emotions, which in turn has a positive impact on their academic performance. The study reaches a conclusion that inclusion of physical activity in the school curriculum has the potential to improve the physical health and academic performance of the students and makes recommendations to the educators, school administrators and policymakers on how the physical education programs can be improved to allow all students, irrespective of their socio-economic status, equitable access to physical activities.
Nor Akmar Nordin, Nur Mawaddah Rifqi Mohamed Azlan
Social phobia is a prevalent psychological concern among young adults and may hinder the development of essential interpersonal skills such as assertiveness. Social phobia comprises several dimensions, namely fear of negative evaluation, avoidance of social situations, and physiological symptoms experienced during social interactions. Assertiveness is particularly important during young adulthood, a developmental stage characterized by increasing academic, social, and occupational demands. This study aimed to examine the impact of social phobia and its dimensions on assertiveness among young adults aged 18 to 25. Guided by Social Learning Theory, a quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. Data were collected from 203 young adults using convenience sampling method. Social phobia was measured using the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), which assesses fear, avoidance, and physiological dimensions, while assertiveness was assessed using the Simple Version of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (SRAS). Descriptive analyses were conducted to determine the levels of social phobia and assertiveness. The results showed that the overall level of social phobia among young adults was moderate (M = 1.86), with fear recording the highest mean (M = 1.97), followed by avoidance (M = 1.90), and physiological symptoms (M = 1.69). The overall level of assertiveness was also moderate (M = 3.20). Regression analysis indicated that social phobia significantly predicted assertiveness, accounting for 47.8% of the variance. Among its dimensions, avoidance was the strongest predictor, explaining 45.4% of the variance, followed by fear (41.4%) and physiological symptoms (31.0%), indicating that greater social phobia symptoms are associated with reduced assertiveness. These results demonstrate that higher levels of social phobia and its dimensions are associated with lower assertiveness among young adults. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions focusing on reducing social phobia symptoms and strengthening assertiveness to enhance young adults’ social functioning, psychological well-being, and adjustment in academic and occupational contexts.
Dr. Mahyuddin Arsat, Nurazyan Zahidah Zakaria
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using blended learning in the field of electrical and electronic technology in vocational schools. The primary focus of education is to increase the effectiveness of using a flexible learning environment for instruction and practice in the fields of electrical and electronic technology. Periodically, teachers provide guidance on problems as well as lessons that are classroom and teacher-student oriented, which remain relatively consistent during the teaching and learning process. The research design employs quantitative methods through selected topics. The respondents consisted of 68 students from Vocational Colleges in the Johor area. Findings revealed the effects of blended learning based on knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The study underscores the potential long-term consequences of using blended learning. Recommendations include encouraging students to incorporate blended learning into their learning process. The implications and recommendations are discussed to address the effect on knowledge, skills, and attitudes using blended learning.
Elly Illya Arissa, Vimala A/P Govindaraju
This study explores the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT and Gemini, on education, interpersonal relationships, and communication among university students. As AI tools become essential things for student’s daily routines, this research investigates how these technologies affect student behavior, learning engagement, emotional expression, and social interaction. This study guided by Social Comparison Theory by Leon Festinger 1954 and examines how peer comparison motivates AI adoption and how it impacts communication confidence, collaboration, and learning efficiency. A qualitative research design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with selected informants to gain in-depth insights. The findings reveal that while AI improves access to information and supports independent learning, excessive dependence may hinder authentic interaction, reduce critical thinking, and increase communication anxiety. This study concludes that AI should be used as a tool to enhance, not replace human interaction and learning experience. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, ChatGPT, Gemini, education, interpersonal communication, social comparison, student behavior.
Agsaullo, Rexil T., Albarillo, Rezzia A., Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Bucayong, James A., Cadano, Meraden A., Cañete, Princess Angel V., Carajay, Mark Jay D., Dublin, Jhe Ann M., Estepa, Sarah Jhean L., Exilisi, Precious Danna A., Hilot, Lovely Rose A., Jocel T. Labadan, Lallen, Estefanie P., Marquez, John Cyrus S., Marquez, Rodjan B., Rulona, Ronald M., Sumalig, Jimmy Jr. A, Tuazon, Ma. Jyoneth A.
This study examined how artificial intelligence (AI) usage and learner autonomy influence the learning engagement of General Academic Strand students at Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. Using a quantitative-correlational design, the research measured levels of AI usage, learner autonomy, and learning engagement, and analyzed the relationships among these variables. Data were gathered from GAS students and analyzed using mean, Spearman Rho correlation, and multiple regression. Results showed high levels of AI usage in terms of functionality, availability, and complexity. Learner autonomy was also rated high in both personal and educational aspects. Likewise, learning engagement was high across behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions. Significant relationships were found between AI usage and learning engagement, and between learner autonomy and learning engagement, leading to the rejection of the null hypotheses. Certain domains of AI usage and learner autonomy were identified as significant predictors of learning engagement. Overall, the findings suggest that combining AI tools with autonomy-supportive strategies can effectively enhance student engagement and academic performance.
JENELYN B. RINDLISBACHER
This study examined the influence of ChatGPT integration on the supervisory leadership practices of frontline school managers in four public elementary schools in the Second District of Ubay, Division of Bohol. Employing a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design anchored on the CIPP Evaluation Model and the OECD School Leadership Framework, data were collected from 85 respondents consisted of 12 school heads and 73 teachers using a researcher-made questionnaire. Findings revealed that respondents demonstrated a high level of readiness for ChatGPT integration across the Context, Input, Process, and Product domains. Supervisory leadership practices were likewise rated at a high level, particularly in defining roles, distributing leadership, and developing leadership capacity. Despite this readiness, several challenges were identified, including limited ICT infrastructure, insufficient training on digital ethics, and concerns related to data privacy and security. Correlation analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between ChatGPT readiness and supervisory leadership practices, suggesting that higher readiness is associated with stronger and more adaptive leadership behaviors. Based on the findings, an Instructional Leadership Enhancement Plan was proposed to strengthen digital leadership competence and promote ethical, responsible, and meaningful AI-assisted supervision among frontline school managers.
Aimi Aqilah Shahrim, Atirah Sufian, Hartini Azman, Nur Erma Suryani Mohd Jamel
Digital entrepreneurship has become increasingly important in Malaysia’s digital economy, yet many young individuals lack the capabilities required to achieve sustainable digital business outcomes. This study examines the influence of digital entrepreneurial skills, digital literacy, and entrepreneurship education on digital entrepreneurship outcomes among youth in Pahang, Malaysia. The objective of the study is to determine the relationships between these factors and to identify the most influential predictor of digital entrepreneurship outcomes. A quantitative, cross‑sectional research design was employed. Data were collected using a structured online questionnaire distributed to 411 youths aged 18–34 years in Kuantan and Temerloh, Pahang, selected through purposive sampling. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), applying descriptive statistics, reliability analysis (Cronbach’s Alpha), Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that digital entrepreneurial skills, digital literacy, and entrepreneurship education all have a positive and significant relationship with digital entrepreneurship outcomes (p < 0.001). Among the predictors, digital literacy emerged as the strongest determinant, followed by digital entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurship education. The regression model explained 86.3% of the variance in digital entrepreneurship outcomes. The study concludes that strengthening youth digital literacy, alongside practical entrepreneurial skills and education, is essential for improving digital entrepreneurship outcomes. These findings offer valuable implications for policymakers, educators, and entrepreneurship development programmes aimed at supporting youth participation in the digital economy.
Alayon, Andrew Clark, Ambi, Angel, Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Bedico, Steven Ray, Caquendangan, Harvey, De Asis, Cristian, Dela Cruz, Seanne Edward, Geronimo, Rodelyn, Gonzaga, Angel, Good, Gisell, Ilagan, John Patrick, Jocel T. Labadan, Lauron, Gian, Malimbag, Eren, Memeje, Milkie Jr, Suarez, Shayne, Talaboc, Nino John, Vasquez, Cyryl Jhone
This study examined the influence of digital literacy and self-efficacy on the engagement of Senior High School students in the Computer Systems Servicing strand at Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. Using a quantitative, non-experimental research design with descriptive correlational techniques, data were collected through structured questionnaires. The study assessed the levels of digital literacy, self-efficacy, and student engagement and analyzed the relationships and predictive effects of the independent variables on engagement. Findings revealed that students possess high levels of digital literacy and self-efficacy, with citizenship and character as significant predictors within digital literacy and belief in personal ability within self-efficacy. Correlational analyses indicated positive relationships between both independent variables and student engagement. Multiple regression results further confirm that the domains of digital literacy and self-efficacy collectively influence student engagement, highlighting the importance of both technical skills and personal competence. The study underscores the need for educational interventions that develop students’ digital skills, ethical awareness, and confidence to enhance engagement, academic performance, and preparedness for future educational and professional challenges.
Diane Sima Anak Douglas Telajan, Hang Thi Thu Nguyen, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Nur Dinie Zamri, Nur Huslinda Che Mat, Zaida Nor Zainudin
Writing is a fundamental academic skill that requires learners to manage cognitive, motivational, and behavioural demands throughout the writing process. This study investigates the influence of effort regulation and affective strategies on the writing process, specifically during the planning, translating, and reviewing stages. This study is grounded in the Cognitive Process Theory of Writing, Self-Regulated Learning theory, and Expectancy-Value Theory. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected from university students using a questionnaire adapted from Raoofi et al. (2017), which measured metacognitive, cognitive, effort regulation, and affective writing strategies using a five-point Likert scale. The data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS 4 to evaluate both the measurement and structural models. The findings revealed that effort regulation has significant relationships with all three stages of the writing process: planning, translating, and reviewing, indicating that students who sustain effort and persist in writing tasks are more engaged in managing the different stages of writing. In contrast, affective strategies showed a significant relationship only with the translating stage, suggesting that emotional control and motivation mainly influence the drafting process. Effect size analysis further indicated medium effects for effort regulation on planning and reviewing, and for affective strategies on translating, while effort regulation had a smaller effect on translating. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of persistence, motivation, and emotional regulation in supporting students’ writing development. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how effort regulation and affective strategies shape the writing process and suggests that writing instruction should incorporate strategy-based approaches that promote both self-regulation and positive emotional engagement to enhance students’ writing performance.
Acut, Miles Ashlee P, Amad, Kc S, Anna Marie O. Pelandas, PhD (CAR), Añover, Adrian Kent, Artiaga, Cathrena Drixel N, Atibor, Albie Marie, Balusan, Keziah, Bihay, Kyle Jeah A, Dagangon, Lovely Joy R, Elias, Nicole Angela P, Espilla, Angel, Jocel T. Labadan, MAEd, Muñoz, Ivan Clark C, Pelpinosas, Lovely C, Punayan, Shielo P, Salvador, Fritzie Kench, Singgon Clark, Solatorio, Leyah
This study examined the influence of English Language Competence and Social Networking Usage on the communication skills of General Academic Strand (GAS) students at Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. The study employed a quantitative research design to determine the levels of English language competence in terms of reading, writing, listening, speaking, and comprehension; social networking usage in terms of academic use, socialization, entertainment, informativeness, and constraints; and communication skills in terms of competence, discouragement, body language, and dignification. Data was gathered through validated survey questionnaires administered to GAS students and were analyzed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The study further examined the relationship between English language competence and communication skills, as well as between social networking usage and communication skills. In addition, it identified which domains of English language competence and social networking usage influence students’ communication skills. The findings of the study served as the basis for drawing conclusions and formulating recommendations relevant to the development of students’ communication skills. The study provides insights that may be useful to teachers, school administrators, and future researchers in enhancing English language instruction and guiding the appropriate use of social networking to support students’ communication development.
Florence Ogheneghevorho Arunaye, Roseline Osayi Uwaifo, Unity Ayemere Odio
The study focused on the influence of entrepreneurship education on job creation among university students in Delta State, with particular attention to students' gender. The study employed a descriptive design and used the entire population of 214 students, but only 190 responses were deemed usable, yielding a sample of 190. Reliability was established through a pilot test, which yielded a Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient of 0.76. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. The study established that the entrepreneurship education students receive significantly motivates them to pursue self-employment and increases their awareness of business opportunities in Delta State. The study also found that female students are more motivated to become self-employed and create jobs after graduation. The following recommendations were made: Entrepreneurship Education should be made a compulsory skill-based course in the faculty of education. Encourage group enterprise by forming mixed-gender teams to promote collaboration, diversity, and shared leadership.
Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Asidero, Eme Rose Jane, L., Dela Cruz, Shane S., Esclamado, Ailyn A., Francisco, John Edmar A., Fuentes, Hanna Yen., Gumapac, Cynthia G., Hitalia, Venice A., Jocel T. Labadan, Navariz, Maylanie L., Tanggurak, Hanna Mae, D., Tantano, Jhona, S.
This study examined the influence of financial literacy and financial practices on the financial well-being of senior high school students. The primary goal of this study was to assess the level of financial literacy, financial practices, and financial well-being, to determine the significant relationship between these variables, and to examine the influence of financial literacy and financial practices on financial well-being. A quantitative, descriptive-correlational design was employed in this study, involving 271 senior high school students. The statistical methods used included the mean, Spearman’s rho, and multiple linear regression. The study found that financial literacy, financial practices, and financial well-being were all high. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the variables, and financial literacy and financial practices significantly influenced financial well-being. Budgeting, saving, and responsible spending were found to significantly predict financial well-being.
Md. Rosli Bin Ismail, Ts. Azri Bin Said
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) has gained increasing attention due to its potential to enhance instructional effectiveness. However, the level of AI application usage among vocational college lecturers remains uneven, particularly in less developed regions. This study examines the influence of instructional leadership on the use of AI applications among vocational college lecturers in the Sarawak Zone, guided by an integrated framework incorporating Instructional Leadership Theory, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and Self-Efficacy Theory. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed involving 120 lecturers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that instructional leadership, technology acceptance, and self-efficacy significantly influence AI application usage, with technology acceptance emerging as the strongest predictor. The model explains a substantial proportion of variance in AI usage, highlighting the combined role of leadership and psychological factors. The study provides empirical support for an integrated perspective of AI adoption, emphasising that effective AI integration in vocational education is shaped not only by technological factors but also by leadership practices and lecturers’ readiness.
Dr. Dg Norizah binti Ag Kiflee, Shamsir bin Nureddin
Teachers’ job performance is a primary indicator of school effectiveness and the overall quality of an education system. This study examines the influence of principals’ instructional leadership, teachers’ pedagogical competence, and school organisational climate on the job performance of secondary school teachers in Southeast Sabah. A quantitative approach employing a survey research design was utilised, involving 509 secondary school teachers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed through descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The findings reveal that the integrated regression model is statistically significant (F = 100.183, p < .001) and explains 37.3% of the variance in teachers’ job performance. Pedagogical competence emerged as the most dominant predictor, followed by principals’ instructional leadership and school organisational climate. These results indicate that teachers’ job performance is shaped by an interaction of individual and organisational factors. The study highlights the importance of strengthening pedagogical competence, enhancing instructional leadership practices, and fostering a supportive organisational climate to improve overall school effectiveness.
Nancy Biwott, Philip Mwei, Eliud Koech
In Kenya, performance in mathematics by primary school learners continues to be an issue especially in word problem solving. Though competence may be exhibited in computational tasks, most learners tend to show challenges in mathematical problems that are represented in linguistics form. Mathematical language comprising of vocabulary, syntax, symbolic representation and contextual definition is very important in helping the learners to comprehend and solve these problems. Nonetheless, there is little empirical evidence regarding the predictive power of mathematical language on the problem-solving capabilities among primary school students in the Uasin-Gishu County (Biwott, 2022). This paper has discussed how mathematics language has affected the capability of Class Seven learners in Cheptiret Zone to solve mathematical word problems. The adopted design was a descriptive correlational survey design. A sample of 388 learners and 15 mathematical educators out of a population of 1 292 learners result was selected (Biwott, 2022). Learners gathered the data through their questionnaires, in form of structured word problem-solving exercises and teacher questionnaires in addition to interview schedules. Simple linear regression, Pearson correlation, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data, and simple linear regression, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression on the same, whereas thematic analysis of qualitative data on teacher interviews was performed. The findings showed that the relationship between mathematical language competence and problem-solving capacity is statistically significant (r =.62, p=0.05). Regression analysis also showed that math language was an important predictor of the performance of learners in the word problem solving (=0.58, p <.001), which predicted about 38 percent of variance in the scores of learners. These findings were backed up by the qualitative finding of teacher interviews, which also indicated the problems of learners with the interpretation of mathematical vocabulary or word problems into mathematical expressions.
Azrin Raimi Bin Ahmad, Dean Yeo Kai Liang, Eliyas Bin Sulaiman Mohandas, Muhammad Harriz Bin Zaini, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Nur Adibah Binti Zamri
Online learning continues to expand due to its accessibility and flexibility; however, sustaining learners’ motivation in digital environments remains a challenge. This study aims to investigate the influence of social support on learners’ motivation to learn online, alongside the roles of expectancy and value. A quantitative survey design was employed, involving 255 respondents from two Malaysian public universities representing the Science & Technology and Social Sciences & Humanities clusters. The instrument consisted of 37 items adapted from Vroom’s Expectancy Theory (1964) and Fowler’s Motivation to Learn Online Questionnaire (2018), and demonstrated strong reliability (overall Cronbach’s α = .937). Findings show that learners perceived high levels of instructor support, strong task value, and strong control of learning beliefs, although their self‑efficacy and social engagement varied depending on task complexity and online interaction. Correlation analyses revealed strong positive relationships among expectancy, value, and social support, indicating that online learning motivation is shaped collectively by cognitive beliefs and interpersonal support. No significant differences were found across universities or clusters. The study highlights the importance of emotional, instructional, and peer‑based support in fostering a more engaging and motivating online learning experience.
Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Canja, Junito P. Jr., Causing, Eliah Joyce E., Cuizon, Ashley Nicole B., Guibac, Angela Mae B., Jocel T. Labadan, Nio, Jenny Lou T., Oracion, Gerelyn P., Pagay, Jhaira Mae P., Palomeras, Princess Jade R., Ringcunada, Angela Kate S.
This study examined the influence of teacher–student relationship and social and emotional competencies on caregiving student engagement at Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. The primary objective was to determine the levels of teacher–student relationship, social and emotional competencies, and student engagement, while exploring the significant relationships between teacher–student relationship and student engagement, and social and emotional competencies and student engagement. Furthermore, the study aimed to identify which domains of teacher–student relationship and social and emotional competencies significantly influence caregiving student engagement. A quantitative-correlational research design was employed, involving 134 senior high school students as respondents. The statistical tools used included mean, Pearson r, and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed a high level of teacher–student relationship in terms of satisfaction, instrumental help, and conflict. Similarly, students exhibited high levels of social and emotional competencies in self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and decision-making. Caregiving student engagement was also found to be high across behavioral, emotional, and cognitive domains. Moreover, the findings demonstrated a strong correlation and significant relationship between teacher–student relationship and student engagement, as well as between social and emotional competencies and student engagement, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Additionally, regression analysis indicated that instrumental help and conflict significantly predicted student engagement, while satisfaction did not demonstrate a significant influence. In terms of social and emotional competencies, social awareness and responsible decision-making significantly influenced engagement, whereas self-awareness and self-management did not show significant predictive effects. These results contribute to a more focused understanding of how relational and emotional factors support the academic participation of students balancing caregiving responsibilities.
P. Sivananthan, S. Jesunesan Dias
Contemporary English is regarded as a significant language at the international level. Proficiency in English has become indispensable across diverse fields such as knowledge of development, scientific research, international trade, and communication technology. In Sri Lanka the foundations of English language competence are primarily provided at the school level. The teaching approaches adopted by English language teachers in schools play a decisive role in determining students’ future levels of English proficiency. In the Mannar District, there are two Education Zones, Madhu and Mannar. Within the Madhu Education Zone, there are two Divisions: Manthai West and Madhu. This study focuses on the level of English competency of Grade 11 students studying in schools belonging to these two Divisions of the Madhu Education Zone, as well as the influence of English teachers’ instructional approaches on students’ performance. Since both quantitative and qualitative data were employed, this study adopts a mixed-method research design. Descriptive analysis was used to carry out the study. The study population comprised of 200 senior secondary Grade 11 students from the Manthai West Division, 52 English language teachers, 10 school principals, one English Subject Advisor, and one English instructional resource person. In the current context, schools are progressively being transformed in line with the digital era. As a result teaching and learning approaches are expected to be aligned with to be these changes, promoring innovation, and effectively contributing to the enhancement of English language proficiency.
Dondon B. Buensuceso, PhD, Robin Catulos Limbo, MaEd
This study explored how Thai school heads’ leadership styles affect Filipino teachers in Chonburi, Thailand, focusing on job satisfaction, motivation, performance, and emotional well-being. Data from 30 teachers across various schools were collected through a survey. Analyses included descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. Findings revealed that Filipino teachers in Chonburi are predominantly early- to mid-career educators, equally distributed by gender, with most working in kindergarten and primary schools, and primarily employed in public institutions. Results showed that Thai school heads demonstrate high levels of transformational and transactional leadership, while exhibiting minimal laissez-faire practices. Transformational leadership, particularly idealized influence and inspirational motivation was perceived most strongly by teachers. Leadership styles were found to influence teacher outcomes positively. Filipino teachers reported high levels of job satisfaction, motivation, and performance under supportive leadership, as well as improved emotional well-being, primarily when leaders provided encouragement and constructive feedback. Statistical analyses indicated significant relationships between leadership styles and all four teacher outcome variables. Meanwhile, no significant differences were found among teachers grouped by demographic profiles, supporting the study’s null hypothesis. The study concludes that influential leadership, particularly transformational leadership, plays a vital role in enhancing Filipino teachers' overall professional experience in Thai schools. It recommends leadership development programs that focus on vision-building, emotional support, professional growth, and instructional guidance to further enhance multicultural school environments. The findings may guide school administrators, policymakers, and future researchers in strengthening leadership practices and promoting teacher well-being in diverse educational settings.
Ke Ma, Mohamad Fazli Sabri
Financial literacy is widely regarded as an important determinant of individual financial well-being, yet growing evidence suggests that financial knowledge does not necessarily translate into sound financial behavior. Using publicly released aggregate statistics from the 2025 Consumer Financial Literacy Survey conducted by China’s National Financial Regulatory Administration, this study provides a descriptive analysis of financial literacy in China from a dimension-based perspective. The results indicate systematic differences in financial literacy across age, income, urban–rural residence, and regions, with higher scores observed among urban residents and in eastern regions. A dimension-level analysis further reveals a consistent structural pattern across regions: financial knowledge records the highest scores, whereas financial behavior consistently records the lowest. These patterns point to a persistent gap between financial understanding and financial practice and highlight the value of moving beyond aggregate indicators toward a multidimensional perspective in financial literacy research.
ADELEKE, Adebowale Babawale, OMOTESHO, Adewale Bankole
This systematic analysis explores the intersection of management accounting and digital technologies, examining the impact of technological advancements on management accounting practices. The study synthesizes existing literature, highlighting key themes, trends, and future research directions. Findings suggest that digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and cloud computing, are transforming management accounting practices, enabling more efficient data analysis, improved decision-making, and enhanced organizational performance. The study contributes to the growing body of research on the digitalization of management accounting, providing insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers.
Khairul Aidil Azlin Abd. Rahman, Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos, Zazarida Rifin
The post-pandemic design landscape has demanded new methods of collective sense-making and decision synthesis as physical collaboration has given way to digital co-creation. The KJ Method, originally devised by Jiro Kawakita, has re-emerged as a relevant tool for navigating design complexity, particularly within the domains of ergonomics, aesthetic cognition, and visual behaviour analysis. This review reinterprets the KJ Method through the lens of ergo-aesthetic integration the convergence of human factors, visual perception, and creative synthesis in product design. Drawing upon literature from design research, behavioural science, and cognitive ergonomics, the paper elucidates how the KJ Method facilitates visual clustering, tacit knowledge externalisation, and transdisciplinary dialogue in design teams. The method’s visual logic enables designers to transition from fragmented insights to structured conceptual frameworks, aligning with post-pandemic demands for remote yet embodied collaboration. Through thematic synthesis, the review explores how the KJ Method functions as both a process of seeing together and a system of meaning-making that enhances ergonomic decision quality and aesthetic coherence. A new conceptual framework the KJ-Ergo-Aesthetic Integration Model is proposed to map the flow between visual cognition, ergonomic perception, and collaborative creativity. The paper concludes by identifying methodological gaps, advocating for digital augmentation of the KJ Method, and situating it within the evolving discourse of cognitive design research.
Melodena C. Brazil, Shanon Rose S. Lumayas
This study aimed to examine the learning experiences of Indigenous Peoples (IP) children in the subject Filipino and how these experiences influenced their academic motivation at Leonard Young Sr. National High School in Glan, Sarangani Province. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study explored the lived experiences of ten Grade 7 students with low academic performance in Filipino. Through in-depth interviews and reflexive thematic analysis, three major themes emerged: emotional and cultural experiences, self-development and self-valuation, and learning challenges. The findings revealed that IP students experienced enjoyment and increased motivation in learning Filipino when teachers incorporated culturally relevant stories and interactive activities that strengthened participation and self-confidence. However, they continued to face challenges such as difficulty understanding figurative language, limited access to technology, and classroom distractions. The study recommends the adoption of Culturally Sustaining and Responsive Pedagogy (CSRP) to promote inclusive, meaningful, and culturally responsive Filipino instruction for Indigenous Peoples learners.
Apyewen, Ande Utensati, Ejue, Eneh Theresa, Nuhu, Dantani
The role of Christian ministers in building Nigeria’s nation is very significant for moral foundation and development. In the bible Prophets and other ministers served as divine instruments, advocating for justice, confronting corruption, and guiding rulers and the people toward righteousness. This study examines the challenges confronting Christian ministers in nation-building and explores their relevance in Nigerian society. Using a qualitative research approach, the finding identifies financial constraints, political interference fear of persecution and Misinterpretation of biblical doctrines as some of the major challenges that hindered contemporary Christian ministers in addressing societal challenges. The study emphasize the need for contemporary ministers to adopt biblical leadership models that integrate moral teachings, social advocacy, and community engagement. By drawing insights from Old and New Testament ministers, contemporary ministers can strengthen their roles in fostering good governance, social cohesion, and nation building. The study concludes by proposing a framework for enhancing the effectiveness of contemporary ministers in nation-building.
Mohd Yuhafidz bin Mohd Yusof, Noor Fatin Izatie binti Tukiman
The electric vehicle industry in Malaysia constitutes approximately 80% of total industry output, reflecting its growing significance as the country moves toward achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. This paper investigates buyers’ adoption of the electric vehicle industry in Malaysia by examining the perception of product cost-benefit, product compatibility, government tax policies and incentives by incorporating the buyers’ confidence attitude as a mediator. A quantitative cross-sectional approach was applied using data gathered from survey questionnaires from employed Malaysians aged 21 and above, with a minimum sample size of 384 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)-AMOS, to validate the constructs. The study is expected to show the mediating effect of buyers’ confidence attitude between factors influence buyers’ adoption on electric vehicle in Malaysia. Grounded in Diffusion of Innovation theory, the findings offer practical insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to enhance electric vehicle adoption and industry long-term sustainability.
Alferez, Kent Lester N., Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Fernandez, Ged Eric G., Jalos, Rustean Kim L., Jocel T. Labadan, Jordan, Valerie P., Manuel, Alady Rain E., Membrillos, Kezhelle A., Mendaros, Peter Glenn M., Pernites, Khrisha Miah L., Sencio, Sophia L., Sion, Melvern L.
This study focused on the mediating role of artificial intelligence (AI) usage in the relationship between students’ attitudes toward AI in education and their learning outcomes. The main purpose of the study was to determine the level of students’ attitudes toward AI, Artificial Intelligence (AI) usage, and learning outcomes among senior high school students. It also aimed to find out whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) usage plays an important role in the relationship between students’ attitudes toward AI and their learning outcomes. This study used a quantitative and correlational research design. The respondents were 271 senior high school students from Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. The data were analyzed using weighted mean, Pearson’s r, Spearman's rho, and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that students had a high level of positive attitudes toward AI, a high level of Artificial Intelligence (AI) usage, and good learning outcomes. The findings also revealed a significant relationship between attitudes toward AI in education and learning outcomes, as well as between attitudes toward AI and Artificial Intelligence (AI) usage and attitudes towards AI in education and Artificial Intelligence (AI) usage. Moreover, Artificial Intelligence (AI) usage was found to significantly mediate the relationship between students’ attitudes toward AI and their learning outcomes. This means that when students have positive attitudes toward AI, they are more likely to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, which helps improve their learning outcomes. The findings of this study may help teachers and future researchers understand the importance of using AI in education to support students’ learning.
Abongan, Lyka, A., Amar, Relien Kate M., Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Bagatnan, Arjie, Bije, Windy May, Cruda, Deo Jev, Domingo, Jean Irish, Eclarinal, Baby Jane C., Guillen, Juri, Jocel T. Labadan, Loguiber, Jovely, Reyes, Jharen Carl, Rojo, Cherry Rose, Urmenita, Dave Raniel, Venturina, Jayson
This study dealt with the mediating role of digital literacy on the relationship between motivation to learn and cybersecurity awareness among senior high school students. The primary goal of this study was to examine the level of motivation to learn, digital literacy, and cybersecurity awareness in terms of their respective indicators; determine the significant relationships between variables; identify which domains of motivation to learn significantly influence cybersecurity awareness; and assess the mediating effect of digital literacy on the relationship between motivation to learn and cybersecurity awareness. A quantitative, descriptive–correlational design was used in this study, which involved 136 Computer System Servicing (CSS) students from Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. The statistical methods employed were the average weighted mean, Pearson r, multiple regression analysis, and mediation analysis. The findings revealed that the three variables obtained a high level overall. Moreover, there were significant relationships between motivation to learn and cybersecurity awareness, motivation to learn and digital literacy, and digital literacy and cybersecurity awareness. Further, control of learning beliefs and self-efficacy significantly influenced cybersecurity awareness. Mediation analysis also confirmed that digital literacy significantly mediated the relationship between motivation to learn and cybersecurity awareness.
Carl Johnson B. Tiro, Dannyel Jan R. Casan, Dylan Kemuel L. Manawan, Khail Smith B. Ymbol, Klent Joshua P. Nalzaro, Scott L. Gahum
This study examined the mediating role of Math Anxiety in the relationship between Music Exposure and Math Fluency among junior high school students. The researchers aimed to determine whether engagement with music could influence students’ anxiety toward mathematics and whether this change in anxiety could affect their math fluency. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze both the direct and indirect relationships among the variables. Data were collected from 118 respondents using standardized questionnaires to measure Music Exposure significantly reduced Math Anxiety among students, suggesting that music may help create a more relaxed emotional state when dealing with mathematics-related tasks. However, despite this reduction in anxiety, Music exposure did not show a significant direct effect on Math Fluency. In addition, the indirect effect of Music Exposure on Math Fluency through Math Anxiety was not significant, indicating that although music can reduce anxiety, this change does not necessarily translate into improved mathematical performance. The proposed model explained only a small portion of the variance in Math Fluency (R2 = 0.136), suggesting that other factors may have a stronger influence on students’ performance in mathematics. Variables such as attention, motivation, prior knowledge, and cognitive ability may play more important roles in determining students’ math fluency. Overall, the findings highlight that music may function more as an emotional support tool that helps reduce anxiety in learning environments rather than as a direct method for improving mathematical fluency.
Njoku Juliana Chinwendu, Uchendu Barth A, Udedibie Okechukwu Boniface I
The study examined the mediating role of work-to-family conflict in the relationship between burnout and workplace bullying among 287 workers in tertiary institutions in the southeastern part of Nigeria. The participants completed the Work-Family Conflict Scale, the Negative Acts Questionnaire, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The study design was cross-sectional. Mediated analysis was used to analyse the data. The results revealed that burnout predicted workplace bullying (β = .26, p < .001). The relationship between workto-family conflict and bullying was marginally significant (β = .12, p < .09), but there was no significant indirect relationship between burnout and workplace bullying. However, family-to-work conflict significantly predicted workplace bullying (β = .25, p < .001) and had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between burnout and workplace bullying (β = .06, 95% CI = (.02, .11). In other words, employees struggling with family demands may be more susceptible to workplace bullying. This will further exacerbate the reduced capacity for workplace social defense. The study recommends that burnout programs and family-friendly policies will reduce workplace bullying.
Ahmad Muhyiddin B Yusof, Ding DongLiang, Mohamad Hanis Bin Yahaya, Muhamad Izzat Bin Rahim, Noor Aileen Ibrahim
This study investigates the supernatural entities Toyol in Malay folklore and Zashiki Warashi in Japanese folklore, evaluating their roles as cultural agents that mirror and govern socio-moral norms regarding wealth, family harmony, and ethical behaviour. Both the Toyol and the Zashiki Warashi are child-like spirits that live in homes, but they have quite different purposes. The Toyol is a mischievous, stolen spirit utilised for illegal gain, while the Zashiki Warashi is a kind guardian that brings good luck to homes that treat it with respect. This paper employs comparative literary analysis and structuralist interpretation to elucidate the binary oppositions of gain against loss, care versus neglect, and transgression versus blessing inherent in these texts. The findings suggest that the Toyol functions as a warning narrative against avarice, ethical degradation, and the abuse of heavenly authority, existing within a syncretic Islamic-animist perspective. On the other hand, the Zashiki Warashi strengthens the Shinto-animist ideas of hospitality, tradition, and domestic purity. Even though they come from different cultures, both individuals help keep society in check by employing supernatural stories to enforce communal rules, ease worries about money and family stability and adjust to the changing media landscape. This study indicates that a comparative investigation of these spirits provides profound insights into the utilisation of folklore as a dynamic instrument for moral education and social control within Malay and Japanese cultures
Chibueze Ezinne Jennifer
The global expansion of English language instruction for children aged 3–8 has intensified demand for pedagogical approaches that are both developmentally appropriate and effective. Prevailing models of teacher training for early childhood ESL (EC-ESL) educators, however, remain predominantly focused on linguistic content and methodological technique. This systematic review contends that a critical dimension is systematically overlooked: the affective-relational foundation of young children’s learning. Drawing on literature from three distinct fields, second language acquisition (SLA), early childhood education (ECE), and TESOL teacher education, the analysis reveals a pronounced and problematic gap. While SLA theory has long emphasized the role of affect (e.g., Krashen’s affective filter; MacIntyre et al.’s willingness to communicate) and ECE research robustly positions secure teacher–child relationships as the primary medium for cognitive and social growth, these insights are conspicuously absent or marginalized in the structure and content of mainstream pre-service TESOL/TEFL certifications. This dissonance creates a pedagogical preparedness gap, leaving teachers theoretically informed about child-centered methods but practically unequipped to cultivate the emotional safety and relational connection that enable young learners to engage. The review concludes that for EC-ESL to align with both language acquisition theory and developmental science, teacher training must integrate relational pedagogy not as a supplementary concept, but as a core, assessable competency. This reorientation represents an urgent imperative for curriculum developers and accrediting bodies and establishes a clear agenda for future research and programmed innovation.
Adif Fairullah Jamaludin, Asma Hakimah Ab. Halim, Hanifah Haydar Ali Tajuddin, Mohd Izzat Amsyar Mohd Arif, Ruzian Markom
Malaysia is a global leader in Islamic finance, supported by a sophisticated Shariah governance framework and robust regulatory institutions. However, the rapid rise of Islamic fintech has revealed structural tensions within a regulatory architecture originally designed for centralized financial institutions rather than decentralized, technology-driven platforms. This article argues that the issue is not a complete absence of regulation, but a form of regulatory misalignment in which statutory design, supervisory jurisdiction, and Shariah governance mechanisms struggle to keep pace with fintech's speed and functional diversity. Through doctrinal analysis of the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 and relevant regulatory frameworks, this study identifies gaps in Shariah compliance enforcement, jurisdictional coordination, and consumer religious-risk protection. It reconceptualises the notion of a "legal vacuum" as a jurisprudential-operational gap rather than legislative absence. In response, the paper proposes a structured reform comprising four calibrated models: a standalone Islamic Fintech Act, targeted IFSA amendments, a federal harmonisation mechanism for Shariah fintech governance, and a dedicated consumer protection charter. By translating jurisprudential critique into actionable institutional pathways, this study contributes to the evolving discourse on Islamic fintech regulation. It argues that sustainable leadership in Islamic fintech requires regulatory coherence in ensuring that technological innovation remains aligned with constitutional realities and the higher objectives of Maqasid al-Shariah.
Haruna DABIN mni
A defining feature of contemporary global economic development is the digital economy, which emerged in reshaping production systems, labour markets, governance practices, and social relations (World Bank, 2023). While digitalisation is frequently framed as an inclusive growth pathway, empirical evidence from developing economies suggests that its benefits could be unevenly distributed and often reinforce existing inequalities. This paper critically examines the challenges faced by underserved and marginalised communities in Nigeria’s digital economy using a qualitative political economy framework. Drawing on secondary data from peer-reviewed journals, policy documents, and multilateral development reports, the study demonstrates that Nigeria’s digital transformation reproduces long-standing exclusions rooted in geography, gender, class, education, and institutional capacity. The findings reveal a persistent gap between inclusive digital policy rhetoric and exclusionary implementation outcomes. The paper argues that embedding Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) into digital governance is not only a normative imperative but a strategic condition for sustainable digital development. Evidence-based policy recommendations are being advanced to reposition Nigeria’s digital economy as inclusive, participatory, and development-oriented.
Fathul Nabila binti Abd Karim, Muhamad Amirul Hafiz bin Zulkifli, Muhammad Eizman bin Harun, Muhammad Harraz bin Rahimin, Nur Shahizani binti Zambri
In recent years, the institution of the museum has changed its dominance to become increasingly focused on visitor attractions. The equivalent of 4.0 revolution museum institutions worldwide implemented a paradigm shift in demonstrated that it remains relevant for the eyes of the public (visitors). The displacement of the museum is strengthened as a digital platform, cultural tourism, and online learning for the global community. This study presents a conceptual framework of museum which relevant to the community through three (3) aspects such as digital platforms, cultural tourism, and online learning. This study focused on three aspects that reflected the changes in the perspectives of professional museums rather than served as a traditional museum (focused on custodial care) to more current (focused to educate and entertain the community).
Marilou M. Padilla-Casiño
Retirement represents a major life transition that significantly influences financial stability, psychological well-being, and social relationships. As life expectancy continues to rise and economic uncertainty intensifies, the need for intentional and comprehensive retirement planning has become increasingly vital. This concern is not only for individuals preparing for their future but also for governments that are responsible for ensuring the long-term welfare of their employees and citizens. Government personnel face unique challenges that stem from limited savings opportunities, continued reliance on pension programs, and the lack of strong institutional systems that support both financial and psychosocial readiness for retirement (Lhaopadchan, Gerrans, and Treepongkaruna, 2025). Across the world, retirement preparedness has become an important issue as aging populations create greater pressure on public pension systems. Policymakers now recognize that retirement planning should not be treated only as a personal obligation but also as a matter of public policy that calls for coordinated efforts in financial education, social protection, and institutional support (OECD, 2023). Being prepared for retirement involves more than the accumulation of financial assets. It also requires psychological adjustment, social connectedness, and the ability to live a meaningful and fulfilling life beyond one’s years of employment (Lhaopadchan et al., 2025).
Athirah Wilda, Mohamed Ayyub Hassan, Mohd Azhar Abd Hamid, Muhammad Luqman Murshid, Nur Syafiqah Hazirah, Siti Sofia Khadijah, Zuliana Zoolkefli
Flexible work arrangements (FWAs), including remote work, flextime, and hybrid models, have become increasingly important in modern employment, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. For Generation Z, born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, flexibility, autonomy, and digital integration are essential workplace expectations. While global studies highlight both benefits and challenges of FWAs, limited research exists in Malaysia, especially concerning their impact on Gen Z employees. This study aims to examine the relationship between FWAs and employee work performance among Generation Z employees in Telecommunication Company, Melaka. A quantitative design was employed using structured questionnaires, with two validated instruments: the Flexible Work Arrangement Questionnaire (Bijsterveldt, 2015) and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (Platania et al., 2023). The unit of analysis was individual employees, and data were collected from 86 Gen Z respondents. Findings revealed that FWAs were moderately implemented, while employee performance levels were generally high. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between FWAs and work performance, particularly in task and contextual performance, while counterproductive work behaviour showed a negative association. The study concludes that FWAs enhance motivation, productivity, and retention of Gen Z talent. This study also recommends structured FWA policies, digital collaboration tools, and managerial training to optimize flexible practices.
Nur Azmina Paslan, Siti Khatijah Harun
This study sought to ascertain the levels of lifestyle and perceived social support and to investigate their associations with the psychological well-being of guidance and counseling students at university east of Malaysia. Employing a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design, the study involved 120 respondents selected through simple random sampling. Measurement instruments comprised a lifestyle questionnaire adapted from the Adolescent Lifestyle Questionnaire (ALQ), a perceived social support scale grounded in the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and a psychological well-being measure derived from Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale. Data were analyzed using Jamovi version 2.6.26, incorporating descriptive statistical procedures and Pearson product–moment correlation analysis. Findings indicated that respondents exhibited moderate levels across all three constructs lifestyle, social support, and psychological well-being. Notwithstanding these moderate levels, correlation analyses demonstrated no statistically significant relationships between lifestyle and psychological well-being (r = 0.050, p = 0.587) or between social support and psychological well-being (r = 0.067, p = 0.468). These results suggest that, within this cohort, lifestyle practices and perceived social support may not function as primary determinants of psychological well-being. The study underscores the need for higher education institutions to implement multidimensional interventions that extend beyond lifestyle modification and social support enhancement to address students’ psychological health more holistically. The findings contribute to the empirical discourse on student mental health and may inform the formulation of evidence-based policies and comprehensive intervention frameworks in university contexts
Athirah Wilda, Mohamed Ayyub Hassan, Mohd Azhar Abd Hamid, Muhammad Luqman Mursyid, Nursyafiqah Hazirah, Siti Sofia Khadijah, Zuliana Zoolkefli
Organizational readiness for implementing change (ORIC) plays a pivotal role in ensuring the effective implementation of transformation initiatives within an organization. ORIC embodies employees’ collective commitment to change and their assurance in the organization’s ability to implement it effectively. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between ORIC and work performance among employees. The research was conducted at the Government Agency in the Agriculture industry with a population of 91 and 75 respondents. A quantitative research design was used, utilizing a structured questionnaire scattered through random sampling. The independent variable, ORIC, was measured using the scale developed by Shea et al. (2014), which includes two key dimensions; change commitment and change efficacy. Work performance was measured using the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) by Platania et al. (2023), which covers task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behavior. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that employees at Government Agency Agriculture exhibit a high level of ORIC and employee work performance. Additionally, the study identified a significant positive relationship between ORIC and high level of employee work performance. The results underscore the importance of strengthening organizational readiness to enhance employee performance during change initiatives.
Athirah Wilda, Mohamed Ayyub Hassan, Mohd Azhar Abd Hamid, Muhammad Luqman Murshid*, Nur Syafiqah Hazirah, Siti Sofia Khadijah
A favourable work environment is crucial in promoting the employee work performance, especially in the manufacturing sector. Nonetheless, there is limited empirical data available on the influence of specific dimensions in the work environment as far as affecting the employee work performance in the Malaysian manufacturing setting. Grounded in Person-Environment Fit Theory, the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model, and the Individual Work Performance Model, this study examines the relationship between the physical work environment, working conditions, and workplace layout on the performance of 169 manufacturing operators. The SPSS was used to analyze the data using descriptive and inferential statistics, which also included Pearson correlation analysis. The results show that the physical work environment, working conditions, workplace layout, and employee work performance were moderate. The Pearson correlation analysis also found that the physical work environment, working conditions and workplace layout had positive and significant relationships with employee work performance. These findings can be applied to imply that the workplace conditions, space configuration, and physical infrastructure can be enhanced to achieve better employee work performance. The paper also adds the empirical evidence to the Malaysian manufacturing setting and its impact on specific practical implications that can be offered to organizations interested in enhancing productivity and the well-being of the employees.
Doris Padmini S Selvaratnam, Zong Rundong*
The education expansion efforts have shown positive developments in China, nevertheless, the increasing disparities among the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions pose the concern whether technological advancements support the development of human capital. This paper utilized unbalanced panel data from China’s 262 prefecture-level cities between the years 2010 and 2023 to explore the association between TIC and Human Capital, and to build an econometric model for the empirical test: the econometric model mainly applies the two-way fixed effects model to deal with the influences of the intercity heterogeneity and time trends. The results of the correlation analysis matrix show that the correlation between variables is, in general, remarkable and wide-ranging, reflecting the essential issues that are influential to the capacities of urban innovation and the intrinsic relationship between them. The results suggest that policies promoting innovation are likely to be more effective when coordinated with urban development and education-related conditions that jointly shape human capital accumulation.
Athirah Wilda, Mohamed Ayyub Hassan, Mohd Azhar Abd Hamid, Muhammad Luqman Murshid, Nursyafiqah Hazirah, Siti Sofia Khadijah, Zuliana Zoolkefli
Workplace diversity and employee work performance have evolved to be an even greater issue considered by organizations that are focused on remaining competitive, innovative, and effective in the current dynamic business environment. Nevertheless, organizations still struggle to know how workforce diversity affects the work performance of employees. Past research revealed poor empirical data that measures workforce diversity through emotional reactions, judgment, behavioral intentions, personal consequences, and perceived organizational outcomes against employee work performance within Malaysian organization. This study examined the relationship between workplace diversity and employee work performance at a manufacturing company located in Johor. The population of the study comprised 87 employees, from which a sample of 73 employees participated in the research. Data were collected using structured questionnaires consisting of three sections including demographic information, workforce diversity, and employee work performance. The Workplace Diversity Survey was used to measure workplace diversity, while the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire was employed to assess employee work performance. The statistical methods of analysis used were descriptive and correlation analysis, like mean, standard deviation, and the pearson correlation coefficient. The study found that employees stated moderate levels of workforce diversity (M = 3.35) and high levels of employee work performance (M = 3.72). The results showed that the workplace diversity relationship with employee work performance was moderate, and the effective diversity management practices could be applied to increase the work performance of employees and contribute to organizational effectiveness.
Augustine Mukuka
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has the potential to transform operational practices in the retail sector. In Zambia, retail businesses continue to face operational inefficiencies, including stock-outs, inaccurate demand forecasting, high operating costs, and weak supply chain coordination, largely due to limited technological integration (Tembo, 2020; World Bank, 2022). This study employed a mixed-methods research design, combining quantitative data from 50 retail businesses via structured questionnaires with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with retail managers and business owners across Lusaka, Kitwe, and Ndola. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Findings: revealed that approximately 60% of sampled businesses had adopted AI-based technologies, primarily for inventory control, supply chain coordination, and sales forecasting. AI adoption was associated with improvements in operational efficiency, including reduced stock-outs, faster replenishment cycles, improved demand accuracy, cost savings, and enhanced customer engagement (Mweemba, 2021). Major barriers included high implementation costs, limited technical skills, inadequate infrastructure, and unreliable internet connectivity (Phiri, 2018). The study concludes that AI adoption can substantially enhance operational efficiency in Zambia’s retail sector. Targeted investments in digital infrastructure, staff training, and supportive policy frameworks are critical to accelerating AI integration, improving competitiveness, and providing empirical evidence for future research in developing economies.
Adedipe Oluwaseyi Ayodele, Olusanya Joseph Olugbenga
The paper is centered on corporate governance, internal control system, and their impact on financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria from 2015 to 2024. The population consists of all the 67 manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Group that cuts across 7 sectors which include oil and gas, conglomerates, agriculture, consumable goods, industrial goods, healthcare and natural resources. Given the stratified sector, twenty-three (23) listed firms which represent 30% of the population were proportionally selected by ensuring that each sub-sector have equal chance of being represented in proportion of their sizes. While the data were regressed, the study employed a random regression model in arriving at the findings. The study findings reveal that board size is negative and insignificant on financial performance. However, both board composition and audit committee size were positive on financial performance, though audit committee size was insignificant. Therefore, the study recommends that companies should prioritize Board Composition by ensuring that their boards consist of a significant proportion of independent directors. Independent directors can provide better oversight, reduce conflicts of interest, and bring diverse perspectives to strategic decision-making, which can ultimately improve financial performance.
Mohd Erfanishah Abdullah, Noraini Saro
In a market that is becoming increasingly competitive, businesses are coming to the realization that providing great customer service is very important for getting new customers and keep the ones they already have. Client satisfaction is a crucial factor that promotes client loyalty, and high-quality customer service is a big contributor to customer satisfaction. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact that the quality of customer service plays in increasing customer happiness and loyalty, with a particular emphasis on the contributions that different Human Resources (HR) practices make to the development of a culture that is centered on the customer. This conceptual paper presents a framework for understanding how organizations can improve the quality of customer service, increase customer satisfaction, and encourage customer loyalty. This framework is comprised of a study of existing literature as well as the utilization of qualitative methodologies such as documentation analysis. The findings underscore the necessity of HR-driven activities such as recruitment, training, and employee engagement to accomplish these outcomes.
Aakash Malik, Jyoti Sharma
This paper examines the critical and evolving role of digital literacy as a moderator of mental health outcomes among older adults. In an era of rapid digitalization, the ability to use information and communication technologies (ICT) has become a significant determinant of psychosocial well-being in later life. Drawing upon interdisciplinary research from gerontology, psychology, public health, and communication studies, this analysis synthesizes empirical evidence demonstrating that digital literacy functions as both a protective factor against depression, loneliness, and social isolation, and a potential risk factor when absent. The paper elaborates on theoretical frameworks including digital divide theory, social capital theory, social cognitive theory, socioemotional selectivity theory, and person-environment fit models to elucidate the mechanisms through which digital skills influence mental health. Methodological considerations in existing research are critically assessed, highlighting the need for longitudinal, mixed-methods designs and standardized measures. The review confirms a consistent moderating effect, whereby digital literacy buffers the impact of traditional risk factors, particularly for socially isolated or economically disadvantaged elders.
Babamboni Adekunle S, Manuwa Solomon A, Surprise Olaomo O, Williams Gbenga O
This study investigates how eco-friendly construction materials might enhance the acoustics of art and craft centers, where a variety of activities like workshops, exhibitions, performances, and group production produce intricate soundscapes. Even though conventional acoustic materials work well, their high embodied energy, restricted recyclability, and possible hazardous emissions might pose health and environmental risks. Sustainable substitutes made from natural fibers, recycled materials, and agricultural waste have gained popularity as a result. The study synthesizes information from academic papers, technical reports, and case studies on sustainable materials and architectural acoustics using a qualitative, literature-based technique. In addition to a few manufactured and waste-derived composites, the study assesses the environmental performance and acoustic behaviour of materials such wood-cement boards, hemp, bamboo, coir, timber panels, recycled PET felt, and bio-fiber composites. According to research, a lot of environmentally friendly materials support occupant health, sustainability objectives, and the ideas of the circular economy while also exhibiting good sound absorption, reverberation management, and noise reduction qualities. The analysis also identifies new digital technologies as complementing approaches for tracking and improving indoor acoustic performance, such as digital twin systems, BIM, and IoT. According to the study's findings, art and craft centers can greatly improve their functional, environmental, and experiential quality by combining eco-friendly materials with knowledgeable acoustic design and digital management frameworks. It also offers a comprehensive set of recommendations for architects and designers looking to implement sustainable acoustic solutions.
Dr. Sudha Bhetuwal Sapkota, PhD, Dr. Yashodhara Bhetuwal Prasai, PhD
The Kathmandu Valley, which includes the districts of Kathmandu, Lalitpur, and Bhaktapur, is the cultural and educational hub of Nepal (Dhungel, 2017). It is home to a diverse population, a blend of community (public) and private schools, and serves as a representative center for the country's educational development. In Nepal, the education system is structured as primary, secondary, and higher levels. Although education has made significant progress over the past few decades, challenges remain in teaching effectiveness, student engagement, and learning outcomes (Thompson, 2012). Because of various challenges in the education system, the application of educational psychology becomes crucial, as it provides teachers with principles and practices that directly address student motivation, classroom management, pedagogy, and assessment (Shakir & Sharma, 2017). This research examines the importance of educational psychology for enhancing teaching effectiveness in Nepalese schools, particularly in the cities of Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Lalitpur in the Kathmandu Valley. A qualitative research design was utilized, with a structured interview conducted with six high school teachers from both community and private schools. The study investigated how teachers' knowledge and application of various principles of educational psychology, such as motivation strategies, classroom management techniques, teaching methodologies, and assessment practices, impact teaching effectiveness and student achievement. The findings of this study suggest that when teachers learn, think, and apply psychological principles in their practice, they not only improve classroom management and instructional delivery but also foster better student engagement and academic performance. The study underscores the need to integrate educational psychology more systematically into teacher education and professional development programs in Nepal. The contribution of educational institutions through educational psychology initiatives, such as strengthening teachers' capacity in motivation, behavior management, cognitive learning processes, and practical assessment, can substantially enhance teaching quality, thereby advancing broader educational reforms and improving student outcomes in Nepalese schools.
Ahmed Rashed Alketebi, Siti Norbaya Binti Yahaya
Innovation is widely recognized as a critical driver of sustainable competitive advantage in dynamic and highly competitive markets. This study examines the role of innovation in enhancing competitive advantage, focusing on the mediating effect of market orientation and the moderating influence of business environment factors. This research used the cross-sectional time horizon to collect the data from 370 participants across the selected small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the United Arab Emirates in the UAE.The data collected were analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) using Smart PLS software. The hypotheses developed by this research were tested by applying the partial least square based on structural equation modelling. The results confirmed that all three innovation dimensions product, process, and organizational innovation have a significant and positive impact on competitive advantage. Organizational innovation contributed to competitive advantage through structural flexibility, knowledge-sharing mechanisms, and the development of a culture that encourages creativity and collaboration The study also found that market orientation mediates the relationship between innovation and competitive advantage, reinforcing the notion that innovation is most effective when guided by customer needs and competitive awareness. Additionally, the study confirmed the moderating effect of the business environment, indicating that the strength of the innovation–performance link is influenced by external conditions such as policy support, competition intensity, and technological infrastructure. The findings are expected to contribute to both theory and practice by clarifying the mechanisms through which innovation enhances competitive advantage and identifying the contextual conditions under which these effects are amplified. The study offers strategic implications for managers seeking to leverage innovation and market orientation to achieve sustainable competitive positioning in complex business environments.
Haslinda Md Isa*, Nazurah Izzati Yazid, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Norliza Che Mustafa, Saidah Ismail
This study investigates the influence of relevance in group work on learners’ attention, satisfaction, and confidence using Keller's ARCS motivational model in the context of foreign language learning. A quantitative survey design of 35 items covering four constructs: relevance, attention, satisfaction, and confidence, was adapted from Keller (1979), Bateman et al. (2002), and Studnicka (2023). Data were collected from 169 undergraduate French learners from a public university in Malaysia and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Significant positive relationships were found between relevance and all three variables. The relationship between relevance and attention scored the strongest correlation (r=.927) and (p=<.001). However, no significant differences were found across academic clusters. These findings suggest that relevant and meaningful group work promotes effective language learning and boosts learner motivation.
Arwansyah bin Kirin, Mohd Khairul Nizam, Najiah Athirah Jamaludin, Ramdan Baba
The development of social media, particularly TikTok has shaped the norms, identities and lifestyles of younger generations, positioning TikTok influencers as agents of digital socialization who may influence university students’ tendencies toward a climber lifestyle through processes of imitation and social comparison. This study aims to analyze the role of TikTok influencers in shaping the climber lifestyle among university students in the digital era by examining forms of influencer impact, the mechanisms through which the climber lifestyle develops and its implications for academic, economic and lifestyle domains. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive–interpretive design using structured interviews with 20 student informants (10 male, 10 female and aged 20–27) selected via purposive sampling, the data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Thematic Analysis. The findings reveal three main themes: (i) the academic domain : influencer content can enhance learning motivation and interest through concise and inspiring video formats, yet it may also encourage short term engagement and superficial learning if use is not well controlled; (ii) the economic domain : product promotions, discounts and trust in influencers trigger tendencies toward impulsive purchasing driven by Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), thereby influencing students’ spending patterns; and (iii) the lifestyle domain : there is a tendency to emulate fashion, appearance and symbols of luxury to “appear comparable” in digital spaces, reflecting identity construction based on curated realities and continuous social comparison. Conceptually, the findings indicate a flow of influence that begins with exposure to influencer content followed by processes of social comparison the reinforcement of FOMO and ultimately translates into behavioral changes with implications for students’ academic, economic and lifestyle dimensions. Overall, TikTok influencers play a multidimensional role with a dual-edged impact, potentially supporting academic motivation while simultaneously reinforcing status pressure, materialism and impulsive consumption therefore, strengthening critical digital literacy, screen-time management and financial and psychosocial well-being education is necessary to minimize risks and maximize the benefits of TikTok use among university students.
Abungan, Rhea Mae A, Amodia, Shania B, Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Castro, Jessica M, Esteban, Marco, Jocel T. Labadan, MAEd, Reyes, Nathalie D, Sabate, Rhealyn A, Sefuentes, Shiena Aubrey T, Suan, Krizly M
This study examines the influence of coping strategies and time management skills on self-esteem of Caregiving Senior High School students at Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. The primary objective of the study was to ascertain the levels of coping strategies, time management skills, and self-esteem in terms of their respective indicators. It also aimed to identify significant differences between coping strategies, time management skills, and self-esteem, as well as to determine which domains of coping strategies and time management skills significantly influence self-esteem. The study employed correlational design and involved 134 respondents from Caregiving Senior High School students at Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. The statistical tools used in this study included the average weighted mean, Pearson R, and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated a high level of coping strategies among Caregiving Senior High School students in terms of social support, problem solving, avoidance, and positive attitude. The study also revealed a high level of time management skills in the Caregiving Senior High School, particularly in time planning, time attitude and time consumer. In terms of self-esteem, the study found a high level among Caregiving Senior High School students, particularly in terms of family self, physical self, emotional self, academic-future self, and social self. Moreover, there was a high correlation and a significant relationship between coping strategies, time management skills and self-esteem, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Furthermore, all domains of coping strategies received high ratings as perceived by the caregiving students.
Avegail D. Sagala, YBVC, Dr. Van Ryan I. Alipoyo*, Elaiza Mae C. Canete, Gladymel Haddrian O. Tambiga, Jhon Mark B. Rabe, Yllana Bay View College
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been widely recognized as significant risk factors influencing behavioral and psychosocial outcomes among adolescents, including delinquent tendencies. This study examined the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and youth crime among Grade 10 students at Dumalinao National High School. Utilizing a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design, data were gathered through a structured survey instrument measuring three primary ACE indicators, abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction, and manifestations of youth delinquent behavior. Descriptive statistics and Kendall’s tau-b correlation analysis were employed to determine the strength and significance of the relationship between the variables. Findings revealed a weak yet statistically significant positive correlation between adverse childhood experiences and youth crime (τ = .134, p = .026). This indicates that while ACEs exert a measurable influence on delinquent tendencies among adolescents, the magnitude of the relationship is relatively low. Nonetheless, the results support the alternative hypothesis and affirm that exposure to adverse childhood conditions contributes to increased risk of youth involvement in delinquent acts. The findings underscore the importance of strengthening early intervention initiatives, enhancing family support mechanisms, and implementing schoolbased prevention programs to mitigate the long-term impact of adverse experiences on adolescent behavior. The study contributes to the growing body of criminological literature by emphasizing the preventive role of educational institutions and community stakeholders in addressing risk factors associated with youth crime.
A.C. Hasini Rodrigo, Ms. RDC Niroshini
Integration of information and communication technology (ICT) is widely promoted as a route to learner-centered pedagogy, differentiated instruction, and richer formative assessment. However, policy investments in infrastructure and training do not automatically translate into sustained classroom integration. This manuscript reports a sequential exploratory mixed-methods study that examines Key Stage 2 (KS2) teachers’ motivation to integrate ICT-based tools (ICT-BT) within the teaching-learning process in Sri Lanka. The study is theoretically grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT) [1], Technology Acceptance Model constructs (TAM)[2], and the unified acceptance-and-use tradition (UTAUT) [3], which together explain how autonomy, competence, relatedness, perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), social influence, and facilitating conditions shape teachers’ willingness and persistence. Phase 1 uses semi-structured interviews to elicit contextualized motivational narratives and to map barriers and enablers in KS2 classrooms; Phase 2 applies a survey to test directional relationships among intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, PU/PEOU, barriers, and reported ICT-BT integration. The participant group includes 44 KS2 teachers from 10 schools in Colombo South Zonal Education. To ensure immediate usability, the manuscript includes print-ready result tables and reporting structures so the author can insert computed statistics from SPSS or equivalent software. The discussion synthesizes theoretical and empirical insights to derive actionable implications for professional development, school leadership, and resource provision to sustain ICT integration at primary level.
Nenita I. Prado, Roxan A. Tamondong
By examining the interplay between internal organizational drivers – organizational management, staff professionalism, and transformational leadership – this study sought to understand how institutions navigate the “tri-focal” demands of instruction, research, and community involvement. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, the study analyzed perspectives from 325 higher education faculty members across four premier state universities in Region X, Northern Mindanao, Philippines. The findings revealed a compelling “Management Paradox.” Although many universities cling to traditional bureaucratic structures for stability, a flexible, systems-oriented approach is perceived as more effective for managing modern institutional challenges. Results indicate a strong, statistically significant positive correlation between all predictor variables and institutional productivity, with coefficients (r) ranging from 0.639 to 0.783. However, while these associations are robust, they represent perceived interconnectedness rather than established causation. To enhance the objectivity of future assessments, it is recommended that subsequent research incorporate quantifiable metrics such as publication counts, extension income, and formal accreditation levels
Ahmad Fahim bin Zulkifli, Nur Alia Qistina binti Izuan Izam
This study discusses the cognition of Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) and its connection with learning motivation and motor skills among Physical and Health Education students in a local university located in Puncak Alam. Basing their theories on constructivist learning theory and Self-Determination Theory, past research has identified that TGFU is a method that is effective as student-centered, game-based learning where students show more engagement, intrinsic motivation and application of skills compared to traditional techniquebased pedagogy. A quantitative cross sectional research design was used to collect data in structured questionnaires based on the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) and self-reported motor skills tests. The number of undergraduates that were involved in the study was 231 and descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that there were significant positive correlations between TGFUrelated learning situations and the significant aspects of intrinsic motivation including enjoyment, perceived competence, effort, perceived value, challenge, and performance satisfaction and weak or negative associations with perceived pressure. Moreover, TGFU was also strongly linked with the gains of various motor skills such as running, jumping, throwing, balance, coordination, speed and agility, which shows that cognitive and physical learning is improved by the knowledge of game tactics and in decision-making. Overall, the results demonstrate that TGFU is an effective tool to facilitate the development of meaningful learning, increased motivation, and motor skills development in physical education and may be valuable in improving the curriculum and teaching methods in higher education settings.
Dondon B. Buensuceso, Ph.D, Gemmalyn I. Angeles, MAEd.
Early literacy and numeracy are essential foundations for children’s learning, and integrating science concepts into these areas provides meaningful, hands-on experiences that strengthen comprehension. This study examined the effects of Digital Science-Based Instruction (DSBI) on the literacy and numeracy development of kindergarten children aged 4–5 years, involving 46 participants from two kindergarten classes that were handled by the researchers and treated as a single group at the Sultan Qaboos University Daycare Centre (SQU-DCC). A quantitative one-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design was employed. The four-week intervention was implemented through structured, teacher-guided sessions integrating digital learning applications, multimedia presentations, and hands-on science-based activities. Instruction used tablets, projector-supported lessons, and interactive learning stations. Students engaged in guided practice and exploratory tasks designed to reinforce letter recognition, sound blending, counting, sequencing, and number identification in meaningful science contexts. Researcher-developed and expert-validated literacy and numeracy assessment tools were administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired-samples t-test. Results revealed a statistically significant improvement in both literacy and numeracy performance (p = 0.001). The findings indicate that Digital Science-Based Instruction is an effective and developmentally appropriate approach that strengthens foundational skills and complements play-based instruction in early childhood education.
Balamuralithara Balakrishnan, Li Ziye
Creativity has become a defining competency in computer graphics (CG) and digital media education, reflecting the evolving demands of global creative industries and the increasing complexity of digital visual communication. Despite this shift, instructional practices in higher education often remain technique-centered, prioritizing software proficiency over conceptual innovation and creative thinking. This narrative literature review synthesizes contemporary research on creativity development in computer graphics education by integrating foundational creativity theories with recent pedagogical and technological developments. Drawing on Amabile’s componential theory, Sternberg’s implicit theory of creativity, and Rhodes’ 4P framework, the review examines how creativity is conceptualized, supported, and assessed within CG learning environments. Recent scholarship indicates a global transition toward learner-centered, project-based, and design-oriented pedagogies supported by digital technologies and reflective assessment practices. Nevertheless, persistent challenges remain in curriculum alignment, creativity assessment, teacher preparedness, and sustainable pedagogical transformation. This review provides theoretical insights and pedagogical implications for educators and curriculum designers seeking to promote creativity-oriented innovation in computer graphics education.
Chinonye Austin Ekwujuru, Ekaette, Glory Edem, Ugonna Obi-Emeruwa
This study investigates how third-sector organisations (TSOs) facilitate cross-sector collaboration between civil society and social movements to advance systemic change. While civil society institutions often pursue incremental reform through formal channels, social movements employ disruptive tactics to demand transformative justice—creating strategic and operational tensions that hinder collective impact. The research addresses this gap by examining the mediating role of TSOs as boundary organisations that bridge these spheres. Using a quantitative design, the study surveyed 240 TSOs across West Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America and conducted in-depth interviews with 30 key informants from environmental justice, human rights, and public health sectors. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Findings reveal that TSOs with participatory governance structures report significantly higher collaboration frequency (χ² = 18.74, p < 0.001), and trust is the strongest predictor of perceived effectiveness (β = 0.42, p < 0.001). However, reliance on international donor funding negatively correlates with flexibility and responsiveness. Based on these insights, the study proposes a strategic framework centred on adaptive leadership, inclusive governance, and ethical technology use. Seven implementable recommendations are advanced: institutionalising movement representation in TSO governance, adopting flexible core funding, investing in relational trust-building, developing context-sensitive protocols, strengthening adaptive leadership capacities, leveraging community-owned digital tools, and establishing peer learning networks. The research contributes theoretically by applying boundary organisation theory to civic ecosystems and offers practical guidance for policymakers, donors, and practitioners seeking to strengthen collaborative infrastructures for social justice and sustainable development in an era of polycrisis.
Dr. Carmen Menes, Sarah D. Rodenas, LPT, MBA-HRM
Total Quality Management (TQM) was the cooperative’s coordinated and continuous effort to improve operations by integrating customer focus, leadership, employee involvement, process management, factual decision-making, continuous improvement, and relationship management to achieve excellence and sustainability. This study aimed to (1) explore cooperative members’ experiences of TQM practices and (2) measure the extent of these practices in two multi-awarded multi-purpose cooperatives in Northern Negros. A sequential-exploratory approach, mixed-methods design was employed, where a qualitative case study was followed by a quantitative descriptive-comparative phase. In the qualitative phase, fourteen (14) conversation partners (seven per cooperative)—officers, department managers, employees, and active members— participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Creswell’s seven-step qualitative analysis. In the quantitative phase, the population included 6,935 members in MPC-A and 1,647 members in MPC-B. Using Cochran’s formula and stratified random sampling, 675 respondents (364 from MPC-A; 311 from MPC-B) were selected. The survey instrument was derived from qualitative themes and showed acceptable content validity (CVI = 0.793) and excellent reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.972). Findings showed strong implementation through responsive member service, transparent and values-driven leadership, teamwork and training support, clear procedures, coordinated work implementation, evidence-based decisions, innovation, and generally positive relationships rooted in trust and cooperative identity. However, recurring issues included monitoring lapses, communication gaps (including interest-rate concerns), uneven meeting participation, planning delays, workload/resource constraints, technology adaptation challenges, and weakened discipline after ISO monitoring was discontinued. Results indicated that all seven TQM principles were practiced to a very high extent, with the highest ratings in service quality, organizational values, support systems, decision-making, financial management, goal orientation, and organizational improvement. Relatively lower means appeared in business activity, leadership role, organizational meetings, planning, experience duration, and challenges encountered. Relationship management also remained very high with no significant differences across membership type, tenure, or position. TQM practices were consistently strong across the cooperatives, but strengthening monitoring, communication, participation, planning, and system/technology sustainability was recommended through the proposed Quality Excellence Sustainability Program (QESP).
Agnes C. Ambrosio, Jaypee Fernan M. Ramirez, Jose S. Sabaulan, Lorna V. Fulong, Teresita D. Magbitang
The tracer study of BSBA graduates, conducted at a University, aims to comprehensively investigate the career trajectories and experiences of alumni who have completed the BSBA program. This study is driven by the institution's commitment to continuously assess the effectiveness of its educational offerings and its dedication to the lifelong success of its graduates. This descriptive study employed a systematic methodology, including surveys and interviews, to collect data from a representative sample of 280 BSBA graduates who completed their degrees from the school year 2018-2019 to 2022-2023. The study analyzes various dimensions of graduates' career journeys, such as their demographic profile, employment status, period of securing their employment after graduating from the course, industries/sectors where they are employed, reasons in studying in the University, and the application of skills acquired during the BSBA program. Key findings from the tracer study include a high employment rate of approximately 92.85% within one year of graduation, indicating the immediate employability of our graduates. Moreover, the study highlights that the graduates have applied the knowledge and skills gained during their BSBA education in their current job roles to a very high extent, demonstrating the practical relevance of the curriculum. The tracer study findings provide valuable insights for program evaluation, improvement, and policy considerations. Recommendations include periodic curriculum reviews to ensure alignment with industry trends and enhanced alumni engagement initiatives. This study contributes to the broader discourse on business education and reinforces the importance of preparing graduates not only for employment but also for success, satisfaction, and meaningful contributions to their respective fields. It underscores the University's commitment to excellence and the holistic development of its BSBA graduates.
Mazlifa binti Md Daud, Normaziana binti Hassan
The Malaysian batik industry comprises multiple production techniques that vary in terms of cost efficiency, scalability, sustainability, and market positioning. While Batik Blok (cap/cop) remains the most commercially established technique due to its efficiency and affordability, Batik Tanah Liat (mud or clay batik) has emerged as an alternative that emphasizes environmental responsibility and artisanal value. This study presents a qualitative comparative business analysis of Batik Blok and Batik Tanah Liat (mud or clay batik), with specific reference to Batik Tanah Liat Kampung Hilir, Merbok and Batik Merbok. The analysis focuses on production processes, materials, techniques, cost structures, design limitations, scalability, and market demand. Secondary data from academic literature, industry reports, and documented case studies are examined using a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings indicate that Batik Blok (cap/cop) offers lower production costs, higher output efficiency, and strong scalability, making it suitable for mass-market and mainstream applications. In contrast, Batik Tanah Liat (mud or clay batik) involves more labour-intensive processes and moderate production costs but demonstrates superior environmental performance and cultural differentiation. Costing analysis of a standard two-metre sarong positions Batik Tanah Liat (mud or clay batik) between Batik Blok (cap/cop) and Batik Tulis (lukis/canting), supporting its viability within niche eco-artisanal markets. The study concludes that sustainable clay batik represents a complementary business model that can contribute to diversified and environmentally responsible development within Malaysia’s batik industry.
Dr. Aminu Aliyu Wushishi, Sella Chisanga
Leadership is the practice whereby an individual pursues influence over others and empowers, stimulates, and supervises their tasks to help accomplish organizational or group goals. In private organizations such as banks, transactional and transformational leadership styles are frequently employed. Although they are used in these sectors, their impact on employee well-being is not known. Hence this study aimed contrasting impacts of transformational and transactional leadership on employee well-being. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to offer a comprehensive perspective. The findings show that transformational leadership is generally more effective in promoting positive employee wellbeing compared to transactional leadership. Transformational leadership, characterized by the leader’s ability to inspire and motivate employees, provide emotional support, and foster a shared vision, was found to enhance job satisfaction and work-life balance significantly. Conversely, transactional leadership, which emphasizes structure, clear expectations, and rewards and punishments for specific performance outcomes, presented a more nuanced impact on employee well-being and job satisfaction and its focus on performance targets and extrinsic rewards was associated with increased stress among employees. However, the study also highlights some limitations of transformational leadership, particularly regarding consistent emotional support suggesting areas for improvement. The study underscores combining transformational leadership with selected transactional elements could optimize employee well-being hence banks should prioritize transformational leadership training to develop a more engaged workforce, while selectively incorporating transactional elements such as clear communication and structured rewards to enhance job satisfaction and employee well-being. Future research might explore the long-term effects of blended leadership styles across various sectors to further support these findings. This study ultimately adds to the broader understanding of leadership’s role in shaping employee outcomes whilst emphasizing the importance of a balanced approach that enhances employee well-being.
Dr. Ayano David Ayanniyi
Economic transformation refers to the process of changing the structure and composition of an economy. Africa's economic transformation is essential for sustainable development and global competitiveness. This study investigates the productive economy of three selected African countries, highlighting key strategies, challenges, and policy interventions that have influenced their economic progress. The study employs secondary data on the gross domestic product (GDP) of each country (proxy for economic transformation) as dependent variable while using industrialization, technological advancement, and human capital development as independent variables. The study employed panel data analysis and comparative analysis approach. The research identifies best practices and lessons learned in fostering industrialization, technological advancement, and human capital development. The findings underscore the importance of innovation, infrastructure, and policy coherence in driving Africa's economic transformation.
Victoria A. Ubod, EdD-EMD
This study examined the status and effectiveness of the National Learning Camp (NLC) implementation in selected public elementary schools in Cebu City Division during the School Year 2025–2026 and its implications for transforming educational leadership. Using a descriptive-correlational quantitative research design, the findings revealed that the implementation of the NLC was rated as excellent, while its effectiveness was assessed as very effective in improving learners’ academic performance, ensuring responsive instructional strategies, and supporting holistic development. Results further indicated a strong, positive, and significant relationship between the status of implementation and its level of effectiveness, demonstrating that systematic instructional planning, learner engagement, and monitoring are crucial for successful learning recovery outcomes. The study concluded that effective NLC implementation functions as a leadership-driven intervention that strengthens instructional competence, fosters collaborative and data-informed decision-making, and reinforces the role of school leaders in guiding learning recovery initiatives. As an output of this study, an NLC Implementation Enhancement Plan and Scheme were developed, providing practical strategies for strengthening leadership, enhancing teacher preparedness, increasing learner engagement, ensuring systematic assessment, fostering collaborative practices, and sustaining program effectiveness. This output serves as a framework for school leaders and educators to improve the quality, consistency, and impact of learning recovery programs. The study contributes to educational leadership by providing empirical evidence that structured implementation and continuous leadership support are essential to maximizing program effectiveness, sustaining learning recovery initiatives, and promoting improved learner outcomes and enhanced instructional leadership practices in public elementary schools.
Jessa M. Mangaron, Roque N. Langcoy II
This phenomenological study explored the triumphs, challenges, coping strategies, and insights of former athletes who are now serving as coaches in sports events. Anchored on Self-Determination Theory, Experiential Learning Theory and Situated Learning Theory, the study involved fifteen (15) former athletes from the Municipality of New Bataan, Davao de Oro, who are now DepEd teachers with at least two years of coaching experience and participation in district-level or higher sports competitions. Data were collected through In-Depth Interviews (IDI) with eight participants and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with seven participants and were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed six major themes on lived experiences: difficulty in juggling multiple roles, limited financial resources, challenges in accessing sports equipment and facilities, dealing with athletes’ behavior and health conditions, reaching higher athletic meets, and teaching positive attributes to student-athletes. Six coping strategies also emerged, namely open communication, self-motivation and self-care, engagement in trainings and personal services, prioritization of personal and team needs, resilience in setbacks, and faith and spirituality. Moreover, five themes were generated from the participants’ insights, including redefining success and athlete development, valuing principles of sports and coaching, recognizing the importance of institutional and community support, celebrating wins, and emphasizing the provision of adequate equipment and experienced coaches. Overall, the study underscores how former athletes past experiences significantly shape their coaching practices and highlights the need for strengthened institutional support to enhance the quality of coaching sports events.
Ram Chryztler P. Acero
This study was designed to know the relationship between the government performance and local government actions of the municipalities of Sta. Maria, Mabitac, Siniloan, Pangil and Pakil, Laguna. The researcher used descriptive-survey design in this study. The respondents involve 20 citizens from each town under the of 4th District of Laguna. Questionnaire checklist thru the means of google form was used to gather data. Mean was used to determine transparency and responsibilities of the local government during the Covid-19 pandemic. Chi-square and Spearman rho correlation was used to present the relationship between the two variables. The relationship between the Respondent’s Profile and Government Performance during COVID-19 Pandemic in terms of Public Trust and Open Government were found insignificant except the resident and monthly expenses. Same to Respondent’s Profile and Local Government Actions were also insignificant. While the Government Performance and Local Government Actions have a highly significant relationship in terms of both third factors. Recommendations: (i) LGU should give focus on giving timely access to information of their constituents in terms of accountability and government programs. (ii) Focusing on transparency to avoid the sum of questionable projects of the government by giving awareness to other citizens about the yearly budgets and other resources purposes. (iii) Factors that can relate to the government performance. (iv) DILG may help other local executive leaders in motivating them to increase the public trust.
Frency B. Bernados, Junford B. Collado, Junmel B. Barreras, Maria Rebecca B. Talledo, Melody M. Pariñas, Sozei Pearl T. Balagso
The present research analyzed the perception and appreciation of classroom observations by Master Teachers and Teachers at the Department of Senior High School, Division of Abra High School, Abra, Philippines. Based on the Philippine Professional Standards of Teachers framework (PPST), the study was intended to identify whether the process of classroom observation was considered to be developmental and whether or not there exist differences between the experiences of the observers (Master Teachers) and the observe (Teachers). A sequential mixed-methods design was used which is exploratory in nature. Semi-structured interviews conducted in the qualitative phase were analyzed using the thematic analysis that produced two major themes (1) Application and Refinement of Teaching Strategies and (2) Effective Utilization of Feedback for Instructional Improvement. The following themes were used in the construction of a validated survey instrument that was applied in the quantitative phase. The degree of classroom observation experiences and the analysis of differences between groups were assessed with the help of descriptive statistics, weighted mean, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Mazlen Arepin, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Zulaikha Khairuddin
Academic writing is a core competency in higher education, yet students across disciplines and educational contexts continue to experience persistent difficulties that affect academic performance and progression. These difficulties are widely acknowledged as multidimensional, extending beyond surface-level language problems to include psychological, pedagogical, and contextual influences. Despite a growing body of research, existing studies remain fragmented, often addressing these dimensions in isolation rather than through an integrated perspective. To address this gap, this systematic literature review aimed to synthesize empirical evidence on academic writing difficulties in higher education by examining linguistic, psychological, pedagogical, and contextual dimensions in a unified framework. Guided by the PRISMA protocol, a systematic search was conducted using two major academic databases, Scopus and Web of Science. Advanced keyword combinations—academic writing, higher education, strategies, and difficulties—were applied to ensure comprehensive coverage. The initial search yielded 861 records, comprising 618 from Scopus and 243 from Web of Science. Following duplicate removal, screening, eligibility assessment, and quality appraisal, 24 primary studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The findings reveal consistent patterns across contexts: linguistically, students struggle with academic vocabulary, grammatical accuracy, text organization, and genre conventions; psychologically, low self-efficacy, writing anxiety, and fragile academic identity significantly influence engagement with writing tasks; pedagogically, fragmented instruction and limited feedback constrain writing development, while process-oriented and scaffolded approaches show positive outcomes; contextually, disciplinary norms, assessment regimes, linguistic backgrounds, and emerging technological environments shape both expectations and challenges. Overall, the systematic literature review (SLR) demonstrates that academic writing difficulties in higher education are complex and interdependent rather than isolated skill deficits. By integrating evidence across four dimensions, this review contributes a comprehensive understanding that can inform curriculum design, instructional practices, and institutional support systems, while also providing a robust foundation for future research on academic writing development in diverse higher education contexts.
Gwen Stephanie Absalon, Joana Mae N. Bocaya, Louisse Ivy E. Calica, Lyka Ann D. Nones, Maria N. Rilloraza, Oscar O. Ancheta Jr., Paula N. Estepa
This study explored to understand the new terminologies used by primary pupils from the City of San Fernando, La union to examine Generation Alphas language in the local setting and provide insights on their new terminologies and its effects. Specifically, the research sought the specific terms and phrases they use and on how they use these terminologies. Including the factors influencing the pupils to learn the new terminologies and its potential challenges and opportunities associated with the emergence of Generation Alpha terminologies into the teaching-learning process. Findings revealed that the specific terms and phrases such as sike/psyche, sigma/sigma boy, toilet/skibidi toilet, nigga, bro, and slay, are being used by the Generation Alpha pupils and are using it in their social interactions, leisure, humors, connection, and in their expression. Furthermore, the research reveals that the factors influencing the pupils to learn these new terminologies are digital immersion and social imitation. While its potential challenges and opportunities associated with the emergence of Generation Alpha terminologies into the teaching-learning process are impact in communication, academic interference, classroom disruption, acceptance and understanding, and trend awareness and engagement opportunities.
Abdul Awal Khan Titu, Mohammad Al-Mamun, Tahsina Shifa
Children's mental health is still an important but often disregarded component of early childhood care and development (ECCD), particularly in environments with limited resources like Bangladesh. This study explored caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and actions regarding children's mental health in daycare centers, with a focus on how they identify and meet their charges' emotional and behavioral needs. A mixed-approaches convergent parallel design was employed. While standardized surveys were utilized to gather quantitative data from 25 caregivers and five ECCD teachers, ten key informant interviews and observations from five childcare centers yielded qualitative insights. The two data strands were analyzed separately before being joined in order to produce contextually grounded insights. To generate contextually grounded interpretations, the two data strands were first examined independently before being combined. The findings showed a significant lack of awareness: 72% of caregivers were unable to identify mental health and commonly confused it with discipline or physical health. Teachers were aware of warning indicators like arrogance or withdrawal, but they lacked the institutional tools and expertise to react appropriately. Practice was further hindered by ongoing stigma, a lack of organized socio-emotional learning, and a lack of training opportunities. Positive informal methods, such as play-based learning, storytelling, and compassionate interactions between caregivers and children, were noted. The results highlight the critical need to incorporate socio-emotional learning frameworks, caregiver training, and mental health awareness into ECCD programs in order to ensure a more comprehensive approach to early childhood care in Bangladesh.
Etambuyu Lubinda, Ganizani Mwale, Leonard Nkhata, Nicholas Mwanza
Background: Drug and substance abuse remains a significant global public health and social challenge, with growing implications for higher education institutions. Universities are increasingly expected to respond to the complex and evolving substance use patterns among students through comprehensive and responsive support systems. This study explored how student support services in public universities respond to rising incidents of drug and substance abuse among students. Methods: The study adopted a qualitative descriptive research design involving 94 participants. Expert purposive sampling was used to select university support service providers, while students were recruited through criterion purposive sampling based on their engagement with support services, year of study, and willingness to participate. Data were collected through five focus group discussions (15 students per group, organised by year of study) and 19 in-depth interviews with key categories of student support service providers. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data. Results: Findings revealed that although student support services and anti-substance abuse structures existed within institutional frameworks, student awareness and utilisation of these services were limited. Weak enforcement of anti-substance abuse regulations, coupled with the emergence of drug sale hotspots within halls of residence, undermined the effectiveness of existing support systems. Participants further reported gaps in strategic support services, absence of functional whistleblowing platforms, and inadequate campus security measures, all of which constrained timely identification, prevention, and response to substance abuse. Conclusion: The study highlights an urgent need to strengthen and reorient student support services to address substance abuse more effectively within public universities. A proactive, multi-sectoral approach is recommended, emphasising enforcement of regulations, improved campus security, establishment of confidential reporting mechanisms, and sustained student engagement through awareness and prevention campaigns to foster a supportive and informed university community.
Volodymyr Mykolayovych Petriakov
This research analyzes the transformation of management systems within large-scale Ukrainian businesses facing extreme environmental instability due to military aggression. It focuses on the critical need for adaptive strategies for industrial giants dealing with physical asset destruction and the total blockade of traditional export routes. The main objective is to evaluate destructive factors and provide methodological recommendations for anti-crisis strategies that ensure resilience and modernization in the metallurgical sector during the war and post-war periods.
Izzat Syazwan Ab Halim, Piermauro Catarinella, Suhardi Kram
In March 2021, the EU Parliament adopted Resolution 2021/2557, a legally binding measure that mandates all 27 member states to recognize the right to gender self-identification and to implement juridical norms aligned with this principle. Among its most transformative provisions, the Resolution calls for eliminating the male-female binary in favor of a more expansive framework that currently recognizes at least twenty-one gender identities - a number expected to grow. It also urges the revision of national languages to dismantle patriarchal structures and ensure that legal and institutional language reflects principles of gender plurality and inclusivity. Widely seen as a landmark victory for trans-feminist individuals and advocacy groups, this measure has sparked both support and controversy. The research examines whether such linguistic reforms foster inclusion or provoke democratic tensions in Italy, where gendered language is deeply rooted in historical, grammatical, and cultural traditions. It further investigates how trans-feminist advocacy - supported ideologically and financially by EU bodies (Commission, Parliament, and Council) - has gained significant influence, particularly as left-wing progressive political forces currently hold the majority within these institutions. These actors play a central role in shaping the narrative and enforcement of gender policies across EU member states. Employing a qualitative case study methodology, the analysis draws on a diverse range of materials, including press articles, televised debates, public messaging, lexical usage, multimedia content, and ideologically charged propaganda to assess the impact of EU gender policy on Italy’s linguistic landscape. Findings suggest that while these interventions promote visibility and recognition for gender-diverse individuals, they also raise concerns about linguistic autonomy, democratic principles, and the broader cultural consequences of ideologically driven legal mandates.
Godfrey Eloho
E-learning mandates in sub-Saharan African higher education institutions routinely presuppose that faculty compliance follows naturally from policy directives and infrastructure deployment. This assumption is rarely tested empirically in post-conflict, low-resource contexts. This paper draws on systematic direct observation of Google Classroom activity across 133 course sections, 82 faculty members, and 4,673 students at African Methodist Episcopal University (AMEU) in Monrovia, Liberia, assessed against standardised benchmarks across four defined compliance dimensions: syllabus posting, learning resource upload, digital midterm exam delivery, and grade posting. Each section was coded into a proficiency rating of Very Good, Fair, or Poor based on cumulative performance. The data reveal a sharp divergence between passive and active digital pedagogy. Passive compliance was relatively strong: 94% of faculty uploaded learning resources, and 73.7% posted syllabi. Active engagement collapsed: only 28.6% delivered midterm examinations digitally, and just 24.1% posted grades through the learning management system. Overall proficiency was rated Very Good in 37.6% of sections, Fair in 60.2%, and Poor in 2.3%. Cross-referencing with parallel attendance monitoring records further revealed that 86.2% of faculty recording absences were rated Fair or Poor for digital performance, establishing a coherent pattern of professional disengagement rather than isolated non-compliance. Applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations alongside African higher education governance scholarship, the paper argues that the deficit reflects a structural governance failure, not a training gap. Social affiliation dynamics, absent consequence mechanisms, faith-based institutional culture, and post-conflict educational inheritance are identified as the primary systemic drivers. The paper contributes original disaggregated institutional evidence from a Liberian denominational university context that remains virtually absent from the empirical e-learning literature, with concrete implications for governance reform.
Annie Marmol-Dado, EdD, Ericfloyd R. Quiozon
This study examined the implementation of the Rapid Mathematics Assessment (RMA) as a developmental-based strategy to improve mathematics proficiency among Grades 1 to 3 learners in public elementary schools in the Mercedes District, Division of Camarines Norte. It aimed to determine learners’ proficiency levels based on RMA results, identify instructional strategies used by primary teachers, assess changes in proficiency before and after the assessment, examine challenges encountered in teaching mathematics, and propose an intervention to enhance learner performance. Developmental-based education refers to an instructional approach that aligns teaching strategies with learners’ cognitive, social, and emotional developmental stages. It emphasizes scaffolded learning, active engagement, and differentiated support based on learners’ readiness levels. This concept is grounded in constructivist theory, which posits that learners actively construct knowledge through experience and interaction, and in Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which highlights the importance of guided support in moving learners from assisted to independent performance. Within this framework, the Rapid Mathematics Assessment (RMA) serves not merely as an evaluative tool but as a diagnostic mechanism that informs scaffolded intervention and targeted instruction. A quantitative approach using a descriptive-comparative research design was employed. Data were collected through document analysis and survey questionnaires administered to 109 Grades 1 to 3 teachers. The RMA covered 3,787 pupils in the pre-test and 3,729 pupils in the post-test. Descriptive statistics and a paired sample t-test were used to analyze proficiency levels, instructional strategies, and changes in learner performance. Findings revealed an overall improvement in mathematics proficiency across grade levels. The proportion of learners in the Intervention Category decreased, while those in the Consolidation and Enhancement Categories increased, indicating gains in foundational and higher-order mathematical skills. Teachers consistently employed diverse instructional strategies, particularly group activities, direct instruction, differentiated instruction, visual aids, collaborative learning, and educational technology. However, the paired sample t-test indicated no statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test results, suggesting relatively stable overall performance. Key challenges identified included limited parental support, inadequate educational technology, outdated learning materials, low learner engagement, large class sizes, and weak foundational skills. Based on these findings, a Mathematics Proficiency Implementation Plan (MPIP) was proposed to address identified gaps and promote sustained improvement in mathematics performance.
Ibrahim Abu Bakar, Nur Ariena Balqis Mohamad Sahayuti
Background: The valorisation of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seed by-products offers a sustainable approach to enhance the nutritional quality of cereal-based staples while reducing food system waste. Jackfruit seed flour (JSF), rich in carbohydrates, minerals and dietary fibre, presents potential as a functional ingredient in composite flour systems, yet its application in chapati remains underexplored. Methods: JSF was produced through controlled boiling, drying and milling before being incorporated into chapati formulations at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% substitution levels. Physical properties (diameter, thickness, puffing score, firmness, colour), dough-handling behaviour and sensory attributes were evaluated using established analytical procedures. Sensory testing involved 30 untrained panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test. Results: Increasing JSF incorporation significantly affected chapati structure and appearance. Higher substitution levels reduced diameter and puffing, increased firmness and darkened surface colour (lower L* values). Sensory evaluation indicated that 10% JSF achieved the highest acceptability, balancing nutritional enhancement with desirable appearance, aroma, texture and taste. Acceptance declined at 20% and 30% substitution due to increased firmness, reduced puffing and the presence of stronger seed-derived flavours. Conclusion: Jackfruit seed flour can be successfully incorporated into chapati at low substitution levels. A 10% substitution provides optimal nutritional improvement without compromising sensory quality, while higher levels negatively impact dough behaviour and acceptability. These findings support the utilisation of JSF as a functional ingredient in nutrient-enriched flatbread development and highlight its potential for valorising tropical fruit seed by-products.
Dr. N. Nirmala Devi, Dr. S. Johnsi
Recently, Sep – Oct 2025, India overtook Japan to become the world’s fourth-largest economy in terms of nominal GDP. This achievement has significant symbolic and strategic meaning, positioning India not only as a high-growth economy but also as a potential re-shaper of global economic dynamics. With the United States, China, and Germany holding the top three positions, India’s rise signals the steady shift of economic gravity toward Asia. However, this milestone is not just about GDP numbers—it is about the evolving structure of India’s economy, the dynamism of its startup ecosystem, the rise of unicorns, and the technological innovation that is creating new pathways for employment and industrial growth. This case study is about India’s rise to the World’s fourth-largest economy and the growth pathways for startups and Unicorns and their impact on the world market. At the same time, this shift raises important questions. For advanced economies like Japan and Germany, India’s momentum threatens their long-standing influence in global trade and technology markets. For China, India represents a challenger for capital flows and supply-chain leadership. For the United States, India is both a partner and a competitor, particularly in technology and talent. This case explores how India’s startups and unicorns contribute to its economic rise, what opportunities and risks lie ahead, and what strategies India must pursue to sustain its trajectory while balancing global tensions.
Marifel A. Pantinople, Marivelle Redoblado, Nicole Rose V. Son, Rhea Jane L. Caynila
This study explored the lived experiences of illegitimate children born from extramarital affairs in the Philippine context, focusing on their lived experiences, family dynamics, and perceptions on marriage and infidelity. While previous studies have already ventured into the lives of illegitimate children, the population focus was too general, and most of these studies focused on the topics of social stigma and coping mechanisms, leaving room for more discussion on the lives of illegitimate children, particularly those who are born from an extramarital affair. The study employed a phenomenological approach, with seven participants from the province of Cebu interviewed. Using Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis, six major themes emerged for illegitimate children’s lived experiences: societal stigma, emotional distress, facing legal and inheritance limitations, seeking social support, learning cognitive and emotional regulation, and utilizing behavioral resilience. Four major themes for their family dynamics: distant relationship caused by separation, close relationship formed through shared living, acceptance from peripheral extended family, and exclusion from family. While the findings of the study revealed that illegitimate children view marriage seriously as something as a foundation of a secure family, connected to happiness, a form of lifelong commitment, and/or it became a source of fear because of the history of their parents. While they show huge scorn towards infidelity, as it is not only harmful to the marital family but also to the children involved, resulting in these children witnessing the collapse of their family and experiencing social stigma.
Nguyen Tan Kiet
Throughout historical vicissitudes, the Vietnamese people have consistently taken pride in their customs and traditions. These cultural practices have long constituted a distinctive national identity. Among them, wedding rituals occupy a significant place and display regional variations across Vietnam. In the Mekong Delta, wedding ceremonies represent a distinctive cultural form transmitted across generations and still actively maintained today. This article provides an overview of traditional wedding rituals in the Mekong Delta, while examining their transformations in the context of contemporary integration and socio-economic change. It further analyzes the underlying causes of such transformations. Through this inquiry, the study affirms the enduring cultural values embedded in spiritual life and contributes to discussions on safeguarding cultural identity amid modernization.
Ahmad Fadzli Abu Sahmah, Nik Nur Nadhirah Zakaria, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Norhayati Idris, Nur Syamimi Alwani Yushalani, Nurul Amirah Khairul Amali
learners’ engagement, persistence, and achievement. According to Self-Determination Theory (SDT), motivation is typically categorised as intrinsic, which is driven by personal interest and enjoyment, or extrinsic, which is driven by external rewards and outcomes. Although both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are commonly observed in language classrooms, previous research has primarily investigated them as separate constructs, paying little attention to their involvement in communicative and cooperative tasks such as group role-play. Hence, this quantitative study examined the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation in a group role-play assessment. An adaptation of a 5-point Likert scale survey from Studnicka (2023) and Bateman et al. (2002), which comprised 35 items that measured both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, was used to collect data. The survey was administered to 147 undergraduate students studying French in Malaysia. The findings indicated that learners had consistent positive perceptions towards both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, with all items recording mean scores above 4.0. While the consistently high mean scores suggest strong motivational perceptions, this pattern may also indicate a potential ceiling effect within the measurement scale. The findings also revealed a significant positive relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, with no significant differences across clusters. Overall, these results highlight the supportive relationship of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in collaborative language-learning tasks and highlight the importance of role-play activities in fostering sustained learner involvement in foreign language classrooms. by shaping learners’ engagement, persistence, and achievement in classroom activities. According to Self-Determination Theory, motivation is typically categorised as intrinsic, which is driven by personal interest and enjoyment, or extrinsic, which is driven by external rewards and outcomes. Although both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are commonly observed in language classrooms, previous research has primarily investigated them as separate constructs, paying little attention to their involvement in communicative and cooperative tasks such as group role-play. Hence, this quantitative study examined the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation in a group role-play assessment. An adaptation of a 5-point Likert scale survey from Studnicka (2023) and Bateman et al. (2002), which comprised 35 items that measured both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, was used to collect data. The survey was administered to 147 undergraduate students studying French in Malaysia. The findings indicated that learners had consistent positive perceptions towards both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, with all items recording mean scores above 4.0. While the consistently high mean scores suggest strong motivational perceptions, this pattern may also indicate a potential ceiling effect within the measurement scale. The findings also revealed a significant positive relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, with no significant differences across clusters. Overall, these results highlight the supportive relationship of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in collaborative language-learning tasks and highlight the importance of role-play activities in fostering sustained learner involvement in foreign language classrooms.
Ait El Abbas Ilias
Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance across a broad range of natural language processing tasks and are increasingly deployed in domain- specific settings such as biomedical question answering and open- domain information access. However, adapting LLMs to spe- cialized domains remains challenging due to domain knowledge gaps, evolving information, and computational constraints. Two primary adaptation strategies are commonly used: fine-tuning, which internalizes domain knowledge within model parameters, and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), which incorporates external evidence at inference time. Hybrid approaches that combine fine-tuning with retrieval have also been proposed, yet their relative trade-offs remain insufficiently characterized under controlled conditions. In this work, we present a systematic empirical comparison of fine-tuning, RAG, and hybrid adaptation strategies using a unified evaluation framework. We analyze these approaches across multiple dimensions, including answer quality, grounding reliability, inference latency, and computational cost. Our study highlights practical trade-offs between internalized and external knowledge integration and provides decision-oriented guidelines for selecting adaptation strategies in real-world deployments. Rather than assuming a universally optimal approach, our results emphasize that the need for retrieval depends on domain characteristics, data availability, and system constraints.
Anna Marie O. Pelandas, Basalan, Zoie Carl M., Capuras, Laila Grace B., Deiparene, Erzhel Ryerjan A., Jancinal, Samatha Ruth R., Krystal Joy M. Clamares-Roces, Punayan, Erick John T., Tante, Thrisha Marie C.
This study aimed to identify and analyze the linguistic techniques present in campaign speech videos from the 2022 election campaign period. It specifically examined the types of persuasive and linguistic rhetorical techniques used, their functions, and their pragmatic implicatures. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing discourse analysis as an inquiry approach. Through purposive sampling, selected campaign speech videos were analyzed as the study's corpus. The findings revealed the presence of various persuasive and rhetorical linguistic techniques, including pillars and appeals and figures of speech and speech acts, each serving distinct persuasive functions within the speeches. Notably, the pillars were ethos, pathos, and logos. They were frequently used to establish credibility, evoke emotions, present logical arguments, and make appeals to safety, social, and self-esteem needs. Additionally, the speeches demonstrated a strategic use of figurative language, such as metaphor, analogy, hyperbole, parallelism, and metonymy to enhance audience engagement and message retention. Moreover, speech acts such as assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative were found to be among the most effective ways of linguistic persuasion. The study further analyzed the pragmatic implicatures of these techniques to deepen understanding of how linguistic strategies shaped political discourse and influenced public perception. Lastly, future researchers were encouraged to explore varied political contexts, discourse types, and analytical approaches to deepen insights into rhetorical strategies and their impact on public communication.
Intan Bayani Zakaria, Nadira Ahzahar, Nazhatulzalkis Jamaludin, Norazura Mizal Azzmi, Siti Zubaidah Hashim
The construction and built environment sectors have traditionally been male-dominated. Based on data from February 2022, women represented only 18% of RICS then 139,000 international professionals across 23 pathways. Similarly, in Malaysia, the situation mirrors that abroad, with women’s participation in the profession remaining low, although this number is gradually increasing. These women bring fresh perspectives, inclusive leadership styles, and a strong commitment to sustainability. Their expertise in building maintenance, safety, and life-cycle management makes them valuable contributors to national sustainability goals. Despite their capabilities, women in this profession continue to face various challenges, such as limited access to mentorship, gender biases, and underrepresentation in decisionmaking positions. Additionally, the building surveying profession itself faces broader concerns, including a lack of legal recognition, slow digital adoption, and low public awareness, which further hinder women’s advancement. Therefore, this paper examines the key challenges faced by women in the Malaysian building surveying field, focusing on issues of career progression, visibility, and participation in sustainabilitydriven roles. By addressing these gaps, Malaysia’s construction industry can move towards a more diverse, innovative, and sustainable future, where women building surveyors are empowered to lead and thrive.
Flomo M. Maiwo, Olivia K. David, Viola H. Cheeseman
Background: Despite the 2018 Land Rights Act (LRA) guaranteeing customary and women’s land rights and participation in land governance, data on awareness of the Act and the Liberia Land Authority (LLA) among women remains inadequate in post-conflict Liberia's dual-tenure system. Drawing on data from women in four of Liberia’s 15 counties, this study examines economic, participatory agency, and property-rights consciousness predictors that drive women’s awareness of the LRA and LLA. Although both represent key institutional and policy milestones, evidence on the drivers of women's awareness of them remains scarce. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 1,026 women from 20 customary tenure communities across 4 Liberian counties. Binary and multinomial logistic regression examined three domains: economic norms and financial access (land purchase rights, joint ownership, benefit for social development funds), participatory agency (decision-making, conflict resolution, and mediation), and legal consciousness (inheritance, spousal property rights). A three-stage analysis of domain-specific models, full multivariable models, and cross-domain interaction models with predicted probabilities was conducted. Results: Property consciousness and participatory agency drove institutional awareness more than age. Women affirming land purchase rights were 6 times more likely to be aware of LLA (OR = 6.12, p < .01) and 9 times more likely to be aware of LRA (RRR = 9.35, p < .001). Decision-making participation: 6.7× for LLA, 1.8× for LRA. Interactions demonstrate complementary effects: land purchase × decision-making peaked at 25–30% predicted awareness, 6-fold above baseline. Age had no effect (p > .60); social funds were insignificant. Conclusion: LLA and LRA awareness result from the interactions between different domain predictors, rather than simply isolated factors. In order for statutory reform awareness to happen, there needs to be active participatory contestation of property norms rather than just information. Give top priority to women's substantive participation in land governance forums, plan community dialogues for the purpose of changing property norms, and reconcile customary-statutory institutions through shared participatory and deliberative processes.
Erni Febrina Harahap, Rafidah Elyanis, Zaitul
This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of workload and job stress on burnout through work-family conflict among Human Development Cadres, while modeling burnout and job stress as second-order constructs to assess the contribution of their respective dimensions. A quantitative approach was employed by collecting data from 110 Human Development Cadres in Padang Pariaman Regency using a census technique. Data were gathered through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with the Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach. The findings reveal that workload and job stress exert positive and significant direct effects on burnout. Work-family conflict also significantly predicts burnout. Workload significantly increases work-family conflict, whereas job stress does not demonstrate a significant influence on work-family conflict. Furthermore, work-family conflict mediates the relationship between workload and burnout but does not mediate the relationship between job stress and burnout. The higher-order construct analysis confirms that all first-order dimensions significantly form their respective constructs. Emotional exhaustion shows the strongest contribution to burnout, followed by reduced personal accomplishment and depersonalization, while anxiety contributes more strongly to job stress than time stress. This study contributes to the burnout literature by emphasizing the multidimensional nature of burnout and job stress in community-based development roles and by demonstrating the selective mediating role of work-family conflict. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of balanced workload allocation and emotional support mechanisms to mitigate burnout among Human Development Cadres.
Hawa Syamsina Md Supiee, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Sharifah Amani Syed Abdul Rahman
Writer’s block is a common issue in academic writing that has implications on productivity, quality of writing, and dissemination of research in educational settings and fields. Writer’s block is a common condition that has long attracted scholars’ attention; however, the literature on writer’s block continues to be fragmented, with little integration of its types, etiology, and treatment. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to synthesise and critically evaluate the extant research on academic writer's block with reference to how it has been conceptualised, its causes, as well as ways in which it can be diagnosed and treated. According to the PRISMA protocol, a structured search was performed through two of the prominent academic databases: Web of Science and Scopus. We used a Boolean operator to search for additional articles, which included clusters of three keywords: types of writers’ block, causes of writers’ block, and identification and intervention of writers’ block. After predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, screening and eligibility process, we identified 21 articles for the final analysis. The results suggest that academic writer’s block is a multidimensional category consisting of cognitive, linguistic, affective, and motivational dimensions that engage with contextual issues that rarely function in isolation. The reasons are invariably associated with poor academic writing skills, cognitive overload, anxiety, fear of assessment judgment, institutional demands, and a lack of instruction. Among the intervention strategies found in the literature are structured writing support, prewriting and cognitive-behavioral methods, peer- and supervisor involvement, as well as increased use of technical and IT-based tools for idea generation (i.e., mindmaps) and to aid in text production management. The review suggests the importance of looking to intervention as well as preventive or supportive approaches for managing writer's block in academic settings. By integrating sparse evidence into an integrative framework, the review aims to deepen comprehension of writer’s block and offer relevant considerations for educational practice and academic support systems, including guidelines for future research.
Chan Yann Sheng, Chong Oi Leng, Irene Yoke Chu Leong, Kuldip Kaur Maktiar Singh, Yeap Chun Keat
This research examines how writing anxiety affects writing skills of Generation Z students who study business administration through English-Medium Instruction programs. A quantitative correlational design was employed, involving 60 first-year students selected through random sampling. The researchers gathered data by using the Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI) together with a standardized academic writing test. The descriptive statistics showed that students experienced writing anxiety at a moderate level, with cognitive anxiety being the most dominant dimension. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that writing anxiety negatively impacted writing performance, demonstrating a moderate strength of relationship between the two variables (r = -0.46, p = .001). Cognitive anxiety showed the strongest link to decreased writing performance among the three anxiety-related dimensions. The research results demonstrate that internal psychological elements which include fear of negative evaluation and self-doubt significantly impact writing performance. The study demonstrates how cognitive anxiety needs to be managed because it creates challenges for students who must complete written assignments in English-Medium Instruction programs. The research investigates writing anxiety present in digital-native learners which creates new knowledge about the topic while showing educators practical teaching methods for English-Medium Instruction classrooms.
Almazan, Trixia Mae Z, Asna, Samantha V, Baradillo, Jay M, Cahapon, Janelle J, Cariño, Ma. Pauline Shane B, Flores, Benigno L, Ganzan, Decie, Jamile, Kathlene Clauie M, Magluya, Ella Marie M, Polancos, Kevin Floyd R, Pradia, Nica M, Suyac, Jazzy P, Tiro, Bebie Fe T, Ventula, Dizamae Q, Villegas, Angelica R, Ybañez, Ruelyn L
This study aimed to determine the influence of writing competence and active reading experiences on the reading comprehension of the Grade 12 students. Using a quantitative research design, the study examined how the domains of writing competence such as grammatical fluency, writing habits, and students’ independence in writing, together with active reading experience including technology, purpose, and physical strategies, predict students’ reading comprehension. The respondents were Grade 12 students from Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School who were selected through appropriate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using validated survey questionnaires and analyzed through multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that writing competence has a significant influence on reading comprehension, with students’ independence in writing emerging as the only significant predictor. Grammatical fluency and writing habits showed no significant influence. In addition, active reading experiences did not significantly predict reading comprehension. Overall, the results suggest that students’ ability to work independently in writing plays an important role in improving reading comprehension and offers useful implications for instructional planning.
Gamage, Havilah Susan-Inatimi, Kialee Nyiayaana
Xenophobia has remained a persistent and destabilizing feature of South Africa’s post-apartheid social landscape, manifesting most visibly in recurrent episodes of violence against migrants from other African countries. This study examined xenophobia as a socially constructed phenomenon through which African migrants are constituted as the “African Other” and positioned outside the moral boundaries of national belonging. Drawing on Social Identity Theory, the study conceptualized hostility toward migrants as an outcome of social categorization, in-group consolidation, and out-group derogation embedded in historical legacies, institutional practices, and everyday discourses of citizenship and entitlement. Using a qualitative interpretive design and secondary data drawn from academic literature, policy documents, and institutional reports covering the period 1994–2024, the study employed thematic analysis to identify dominant patterns in the construction of migrant identity. The findings indicated that African migrants are systematically produced as non-belonging subjects through legal and symbolic classifications, framed as economic and moral threats through scapegoating narratives, and subjected to normalized forms of exclusion and episodic violence legitimized by weak institutional accountability and community-level moral justifications. The study further demonstrated that these processes serve important identity-stabilizing functions by reinforcing national in-group cohesion under conditions of socio-economic insecurity. Beyond their domestic consequences, such constructions undermine the symbolic and practical foundations of African integration by weakening Pan-African identity, eroding inter-state trust, and constraining support for free movement and regional cooperation frameworks. The article concludes that xenophobia in South Africa constitutes not merely a social pathology but a patterned form of identity politics that reflects unresolved tensions in post-apartheid nation-building and poses a structural challenge to the realization of continental integration goals.