Eu-Gambia Migration Diplomacy: How Does Gambia Coordinate Its Diplomatic Responses to Eu Migration Policies, Examining Bilateral Cooperation Within Multilateral Frameworks?

Abstract

This paper examines Gambia’s diplomatic responses to the European Union’s migration policies with emphasis on externalization. Using the remote control of migration theory as its analytical framework, it explores bilateral cooperation of Gambia within the broader multilateral frameworks. Using the qualitative case study design, the data is generated from 16 respondents purposively selected from returnees, residents, youth, and other persons of interest. The study revealed key diplomatic approaches such as deportation (31.25%) and readmission, EU-funded control initiatives, and identification missions, among other initiated agreements, which provide aid but place administrative burdens and social stigma on returnees. The asymmetric power in EU-Gambia relations is highlighted by these dynamics, which have a detrimental impact on migrant mental health, asylum access, and local livelihoods through remittance volatility (31% of GDP) and reintegration gaps. In order to reduce irregular flows while preserving sovereignty, the paper recommends balanced policies that prioritize youth employment and legal migration channels and sustainable reintegration strategies.