Evaluating the Flexible Learning System (FLS) Implementation in the BITM Programme at Utem: A Mixed-Methods Case Study

Abstract

The Flexible Learning System (FLS), introduced by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MoHE) in 2022, aims to provide higher education students with greater flexibility in managing their study schedules, optimising resource utilisation, and improving access to education. This case study evaluates the implementation of FLS in the Bachelor of Computer Science (Interactive Media) with Honours (BITM) programme at Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), employing a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected through a structured survey administered to 58 students from the 2023/2024 and 2024/2025 academic cohorts, supplemented by an analysis of official faculty documents. The findings indicate that while FLS offers notable advantages — including scheduling flexibility and cost savings — significant challenges persist, such as reduced effectiveness of practical learning, technological access gaps, and low student engagement. This study proposes a blended learning model that integrates face-to-face and online instruction, accompanied by improvements to digital infrastructure, as strategies to enhance the effectiveness of FLS. The findings carry important implications for policymakers and universities seeking to design more sustainable and effective flexible learning frameworks.