624 Articles
Charles Shambi, Dr. Valarie Sands
Just as with other international police agencies, Kenya’s National Police Service (KNPS) represents the face of bureaucracy. Its officers are entrusted with the State’s power to maintain peace and order, enforce laws, lawfully deprive people of their liberty (as in the case of arrest), and use force, to mention but a few. This position of privilege that potentially harbours serious ramifications, calls for a competent recruitment function to yield quality officers joining the rank and files of the organisation. However, recruitment of police in Kenya continues to be a wicked problem that has demonstrated durability of time, with claims of unethical misadministration causing it to be seen as unequal, unfair, and therefore illegitimate in the eyes of the public. Recommendations to address this contemporary issue have been suggested in the past, with implementation of some reforms, yet the problem persists. The present study argues that the prescriptions suggested so far lack the robustness to address the issue, which in part explains the persistence of the problem. This study adopts a different approach by revisiting the KNPS recruitment model to heed to the call for further research that shall culminate in suggesting a ‘competent recruitment’ model embedding merit in recruitment and selection of entry-level police officers in Kenya.
Manuel L. Hermosa
This action research, "Bridging the Gap: An Action Research on ICT Integration in Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management 1 and 2 to Improve Learner Engagement in Immersion," examines the impact of ICT integrations on Grade 12 ABM learners at Elpidio Quirino Senior High School. Addressing the critical need to connect theoretical knowledge with practical application (Deloitte, 2020), the study used pre- and post-immersion questionnaires to assess learner perceptions of ICT's effectiveness. Pre-immersion, learners expressed strong expectations, with a mean score of 4.25 (SD=0.75) for practical skills development, indicating anticipated benefits from ICT tools. Post-immersion data validated these expectations; the mean score increased to 4.50 (SD=0.60), with 88% of learners reporting improved data analysis skills and confidence in accounting software. While communication and collaboration saw high initial expectations (mean=4.30, SD=0.70), post-immersion results showed a slight decrease (mean=4.20, SD=0.75), suggesting encountered challenges. The research identified key barriers, including technical difficulties and limited access, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The findings suggest that strategic ICT integration holds promise for enhancing learner engagement and preparing them for ABM careers (Partnership for 21st Century Skills, 2019). Recommendations include comprehensive training and improved ICT infrastructure. Addressing these challenges is crucial for maximizing ICT's benefits and fostering a relevant, effective learning experience.
Arif Fadli Muchlis, Iit Selviani1, Ilham, Ismaningsih, Marsika Sepyanda, Yose Rizal
Low Back Pain is a condition characterized by pain in the lower back muscles, commonly caused by excessive daily activities such as prolonged standing, lifting heavy loads, or sitting for extended periods. These activities can lead to muscle strain, while aging further contributes to decreased physical activity and mobility, resulting in weakened back and abdominal muscles. The prevalence of LBP in Indonesia is estimated at 18% and increases with age. Approximately 85% of LBP cases are nonspecific, often related to soft tissue abnormalities such as injuries, muscle spasms, or fatigue. To address these problems, interventions such as Back Exercise and Kinesio Taping can be applied. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Back Exercise and Kinesio Taping in reducing pain among patients with LBP. This experimental research employed a pre-test and post-test group design, comparing pain intensity before and after a six-week intervention. From a total population of 15 participants screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 participants were eligible and selected as the study sample. Pain levels were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The results of the paired comparison analysis showed a significant reduction in pain (p = 0.003, p < 0.05), indicating that Back Exercise and Kinesio Taping are effective in alleviating pain associated with Low Back Pain. This study demonstrates that the combination of Back Exercise and Kinesio Taping provides a significant reduction in pain among patients with Low Back Pain. The findings highlight the potential of integrating exercise-based rehabilitation with supportive tapping techniques as a non-invasive and effective therapeutic approach. These results suggest that such interventions may be recommended as part of clinical management strategies to improve the quality of life of individuals suffering from Low Back Pain.
Mahmoud Menyaoui, Pr. Lassaad Lakhal
Organizations in emerging economies are increasingly challenged to innovate while responding to growing expectations for environmental and social responsibility. This study examines how two strategic orientations—digital organizational culture and ESG commitment—influence employees’ intrapreneurial behaviour and, in turn, shape sustainable performance within SMEs and startups. Drawing on dynamic capability theory and socio-technical perspectives, we propose and test a mediation model in which intrapreneurship functions as the central mechanism linking organizational conditions to sustainability outcomes. Using survey data from firms operating in a MENA emerging-market context and analysing the relationships through PLS-SEM, the results show that both digital culture and ESG orientation significantly encourage intrapreneurial engagement. The findings further reveal that intrapreneurial behaviour plays a decisive role in enhancing sustainable performance, particularly by enabling employees to initiate and drive internal improvements aligned with long-term environmental and social goals. Mediation tests highlight that the influence of digital and ESG orientations becomes effective primarily when translated into employee-driven innovation efforts. The study contributes to the literature by integrating digital transformation, sustainability strategy and employee innovation within a single framework, and by extending intrapreneurship research to an underexplored regional context. Practical implications emphasize the need for managers to nurture digital mindsets, strengthen ESG integration and create conditions that empower employees to act entrepreneurially. The paper concludes with future research directions centred on psychological moderators, sectoral differences and longitudinal examination
Abdul Wafi Abdul Rahman, Fazilina Darus, Hazrina Ghazali, Muhammad Faiz Mansor, Noraida Abd. Karim, Nurul Ashikin Ismail
Social media has revolutionized the way people connect, communicate, and share cultural heritage. Facebook, as a dominant image-sharing and engagement platform, plays a pivotal role in preserving and promoting culinary traditions. Traditional Malay kuih, an integral part of Malaysia’s food heritage, is facing threats of extinction due to declining intergenerational knowledge transfer and limited public awareness. This study investigates how the Facebook food community, particularly the group Masak Apa Hari Ni (MAHN), contributes to sharing and preserving knowledge of traditional Malay kuih. Through qualitative content analysis of five highly engaged posts, the study identifies six major themes that demonstrate how Facebook facilitates social learning, emotional engagement, and collective knowledge sharing around traditional kuih. The findings highlight Facebook's potential as a virtual archive and learning space for cultural food heritage in the digital age.
Kinyera Tony Apecu
The paper revisits how the British colonial state reconfigured the existing structure and institutions of political power and authority in Acholiland to organize and govern society as a way to entrench its extractive logic. This occurred in three major phases. First, by deploying missionaries, church education institutions (schools, catechism), and interpreters, the British attempted to transform the intellectual consciousness of Acholi society to construct an “educated” governable modernized native subject, constructed in the image of British logic of rule. Second, British rule introduced the institution of native law and custom into Acholi to ground indirect rule whereby colonial chiefs mediated state’s access to society. By fragmenting the institutions and offices of traditional Acholi power, represented by Rwodi kalam (educated chiefs) vis-à-vis Rwodi moo (anointed chiefs), British governance excised political authority of its chosen Rwodi kalam from the cultural component relegated to Rwodi moo and thereby vulgarized chiefly authority. Consequently, political chiefs were cut off from their social base and this made Native chiefs lose legitimacy, leading to the outbreak of social discontent and conflict. This was also manifested in the naming format whereby Acholi offices were renamed Ganda terms such as Mukungu, Muluka (parish chief), village chief, etcetera, which further fragmented society due to confusion of political and cultural roles. By creating new territorial offices where they did not exist before, the British reconfigured the spatial reach of Acholi hereditary institutions leading to a clash of roles, duties and responsibilities in restricted “homelands”.
Kinyera Tony Apecu
The paper revisits how the British colonial state reconfigured the existing structure and institutions of political power and authority in Acholiland to organize and govern society as a way to entrench its extractive logic. This occurred in three major phases. First, by deploying missionaries, church education institutions (schools, catechism), and interpreters, the British attempted to transform the intellectual consciousness of Acholi society to construct an “educated” governable modernized native subject, constructed in the image of British logic of rule. Second, British rule introduced the institution of native law and custom into Acholi to ground indirect rule whereby colonial chiefs mediated state’s access to society. By fragmenting the institutions and offices of traditional Acholi power, represented by Rwodi kalam (educated chiefs) vis-à-vis Rwodi moo (anointed chiefs), British governance excised political authority of its chosen Rwodi kalam from the cultural component relegated to Rwodi moo and thereby vulgarized chiefly authority. Consequently, political chiefs were cut off from their social base and this made Native chiefs lose legitimacy, leading to the outbreak of social discontent and conflict. This was also manifested in the naming format whereby Acholi offices were renamed Ganda terms such as Mukungu, Muluka (parish chief), village chief, etcetera, which further fragmented society due to confusion of political and cultural roles. By creating new territorial offices where they did not exist before, the British reconfigured the spatial reach of Acholi hereditary institutions leading to a clash of roles, duties and responsibilities in restricted “homelands”.
Abu Bakarr Turay, MCIPS (CS), Emmanuel Awusi Arthur
This study explores how blockchain can help to make humanitarian supply chains more resilient through the creation of trust and collaboration, specifically in a resource limited setting. Continuous inefficiencies and absence of transparency in humanitarian operations are the inspirations behind the research, which aims to assess the direct role of blockchain in resilience and the possible mediating mechanisms. The research hypothesizes the conceptualization of blockchain as strategic capability that supports both relational and operational performance guided by the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Swift Trust Theory (STT). Two hundred and fifty respondents who were the representatives of 300 humanitarian organizations in Freetown, Sierra Leone, collected data and examined using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results show that blockchain has a considerable positive effect on trust, collaboration, and resilience in general, and collaboration partly mediates the association, whereas trust does not have a mediating role. The research suggests the incorporation of blockchain-based collaboration and trust systems into the humanitarian action. The findings are relevant to the digital-transformation theory and can provide practical advice to policy-makers and practitioners who want to create resilient and transparent humanitarian systems.
Manuel L. Hermosa
This report summarizes a Work Immersion Pilot Study designed to prepare ABM Grade 12 learners for upcoming work placements. The study used a Mock Exam, Practical Skills Assessment, and Routine Interview process. The Mock Exam showed a generally positive starting point but highlighted areas for improvement. While students showed potential based on personality assessments, they needed more work in advanced mathematics, financial applications, error identification, and vocabulary. The Practical Skills Assessment confirmed basic computer skills but revealed a need for better Excel skills, which requires focused training. Interviews showed students had good communication skills and relevant knowledge, but they could improve their adaptability, cultural sensitivity, and overall communication style. Feedback from teachers and evaluators indicated that students were generally well-prepared for the mock exam, with an average rating of 4.5 out of 5. Student feedback highlighted the realism and usefulness of the practical skills assessment, averaging 4.86 out of 5, though Excel skills were a common challenge. Interview evaluations averaged 91.9 out of 100, with adaptability and cultural sensitivity scoring the lowest (19.13 out of 20), suggesting this area needs attention. Only a small percentage (3.45%) of students scored high in business/financial applications on math tests, and over 41% struggled with error identification in language tests. These results suggest that while students are generally well-prepared and confident, specific skill gaps need targeted interventions, especially in Excel, adaptability, cultural sensitivity, business/financial applications, and error identification.
Nadia Omar, Nik Nurul Atiqah Nik Yusof, Nurazlina Abdul Raof, Rozita Othman
The article is a comparative legal analysis of laws that are used to regulate charitable organisations in Malaysia, the United Kingdom and Singapore. The success and social trustworthiness of the charitable sector depend on strong governance and open control. Nevertheless, the current state of regulation in Malaysia is typified by a multi-agency system that lacks centralised authority, which poses serious issues to accountability and consistency. Conversely, the United Kingdom (UK) and Singapore have also established well-established, centralised paradigms of regulation, based on the UK model of an independent Charity Commission and those of the Singapore Commissioner of Charities, which works in partnership with others. The paper will examine the primary legislation, regulatory framework, and governance mechanisms in each jurisdiction to identify the strengths and weaknesses in each. Through the analysis, the centralised, transparent, and proactive strategies which the UK and Singapore have applied can be used as lessons in reform. The article then presents a set of evidence-based recommendations to the Malaysian government, based on the assertion that enacting a unified Charities Act and establishing an independent, statutory Charity Commission would improve governance and unleash the potential of the Malaysian charitable sector.
Aida Aisyah Moktar Abdullah, Aini Nazura Paimin, Lutfiah Natrah Abbas, Mustika Nuramalia Handayani, Siti Aisyah Abd Razak
Developing well-rounded, adaptable, and globally competitive graduates remains a strategic priority for higher education institutions. Beyond disciplinary knowledge, universities are increasingly expected to cultivate personal attributes that enable students to thrive in a rapidly globalising and competitive world. This study examined the personality profiles of final-year students enrolled in a technical and vocational education programme in Malaysia, comparing learners from two academic pathways, Education and Technology, across six bachelor’s degree programs. Using a survey-comparative design, quantitative data were gathered from 259 students through a structured instrument measuring the five GRITT dimensions: Global, Resilient, Innovative, Trustworthy, and Talent. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests were used to assess the differences between groups. Overall, both cohorts demonstrated moderate levels across all GRITT traits. Statistically significant differences were identified for the Innovative, Trustworthy, and Talent constructs, favouring students in the Technology pathway, whereas no significant differences emerged for the Global and Resilience dimensions. The findings highlight significant variations in personality development across academic pathways and reinforce the need for intentional strategies to enhance holistic student development, particularly within vocational education contexts aiming to produce future-ready graduates.
Àìná-Adébáyò, Olúwátóyìn Bọ́sẹ̀dé
This study presents a comparative analysis of the phonological systems of Mọ̀bà and Adó dialects of Yorùbá with the aim of comparing and finding their similarities and differences regardless of their distance and classification as Central Yorùbá. The study area is located in southwestern part of Nigeria, where Yorùbá language and its dialects are predominantly spoken by the indigenes. A comparative approach was adopted for this study. Data were collected from 100 native speakers of 60 years and above from the study areas, 50 from each of the dialects, using adapted instrument of 1700 wordlist of the Summer Institutes of Linguistics (SIL) Dallas, Texas. The selection of elderly native speaker was based on the need to avoid code-mixing is common among younger generation. Common lexemes in the dialects are used for the classification of the dialects’ sound systems and syllables to assess the differences and similarities. The study reveals that with the exception of [ɲ], all other consonants can occur at the word initial of the two dialects, and that no consonant is permitted in the word final because the dialects operate open syllables like that of Standard Yorùb́á. However, it was revealed that Mọ̀bà dialect attests palata alveolar fricative [ʃ] which does not reflect in Adó Èkìtì dialect. It is concluded that even the two dialects are mutually intelligible, there are differences in the way the native speakers articulate some words. However, the identified differences did not constitute problem of misunderstanding during communication process among speakers of the dialects. It is therefore established that despite the fact that Mọ̀bà people share borders with Ọ̀ṣun and Kwara states and some other local governments within Ekiti state, this has not influenced the phonological structures of speakers of Mọ̀bà dialect. The study established that there exists a very strong affinity between the dialects as the researcher discovered some common lexemes.
Nuditha Ranawaka
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has become a critical strategic tool for service-sector organizations competing in increasingly customer-driven markets. This study examines the impact and effectiveness of CRM within Sri Lanka’s service sector by integrating empirical findings from quantitative research with a new behavioral framework: Nudi’s 7/7 Theory of Customer Need Analyzing and Solutions Providing. Using data from 114 respondents, the study evaluates CRM strategies, customer satisfaction and loyalty, organizational performance, and implementation challenges. Statistical results from descriptive analysis, correlations, regression analysis, and factor analysis confirm that CRM significantly influences performance outcomes, although adoption remains uneven across organizations. The article also demonstrates how Nudi’s 7/7 Theory complements empirical findings by offering a practical model for understanding customer behavior and delivering tailored CRM responses. Overall, the study highlights CRM as a transformative strategic instrument and provides recommendations for service organizations, policymakers, and researchers.
M. A. Rahim, Md. Rahmat Sarker
This paper examines the evolution of women's rights in Islam, tracing its origin and development throughout history. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of women's rights in Islam by exploring the role of the Quran and Hadith, examining the violation of women’s rights within Islamic societies, and analyzing the legal protections available under Islamic law. The research begins by discussing the foundational principles of Islam, which prioritizes gender equality and women's rights. The Quranic verses and Hadiths reflect this prioritization, advocating for women's empowerment and equal treatment. The study also examines the historical context of women's rights in Islam, highlighting the positive advancements that occurred during the time of Prophet Muhammad and the early Islamic community. The paper also addresses the violation of women's rights within some Muslim societies, where patriarchal and cultural practices often overshadow Islamic principles. The study highlights various forms of mistreatment and neglect of women's rights, including domestic violence, forced marriage, and limited access to education and employment opportunities. The paper discusses the legal protections available under Islamic law for women. It analyzes the roles of Islamic courts and scholars in ensuring gender equality and women's rights, such as the rights to inheritance, divorce, and custody. The research also examines the contemporary developments in Islamic law regarding women's rights, including reforms and challenges. This thesis paper provides a comprehensive analysis of women's rights in Islam, tracing its origin and development throughout history. The study highlights the importance of implementing Islamic laws to safeguard women's rights and ensure gender equality in Muslim societies. Overall, this research contributes to the ongoing conversation about women's rights in Islam, providing valuable insights for scholars, policymakers, and activists.
Amir Faisal bin Ahamed Latfi, Nur Kamarul Hafiz bin Jamil
Paedophilic behaviour poses significant risks to child safety, yet parental awareness in Malaysia remains underexplored. Despite legislative measures such as the Sexual Offenses Against Children Act 2017, cases of child sexual abuse continue to rise, highlighting systemic gaps and cultural barriers. This paper proposes a conceptual framework grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT) to examine three critical awareness factors: education on “stranger danger,” awareness of online platform risks, and perceived effectiveness of child protection laws. These factors are hypothesized to influence parental perceptions of paedophilic behaviour, which in turn shape preventive actions. The framework addresses research gaps by integrating cultural norms, digital threats, and legal confidence into a unified model tailored to Malaysia’s sociocultural context. Methodological considerations suggest a quantitative approach using stratified sampling and Structural Equation Modeling for future validation. The study’s significance lies in its theoretical extension of CBT, practical guidance for policy and awareness campaigns, and social contribution toward empowering parents as proactive defenders against child exploitation. This conceptual model offers a foundation for evidence-based interventions that strengthen child protection strategies both online and offline.
Badrul Hisham Abd Rahman, Faidzulaini Muhammad, Nor Shamila Abdul Karim, Zulkiffly Baharom
This conceptual paper explores the internal motivational factors that influence global food manufacturers' intentions to obtain halal certification, moving beyond the typical focus on external compliance. Using a theorybuilding approach, this study combines the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Resource-Based View (RBV) to create a new conceptual framework. A thorough review of the existing literature on halal certification, organizational behavior, and strategic management informs the model. The framework highlights four main internal drivers—ethical commitment, perceived business advantage, leadership orientation, and organizational culture—as key predictors of halal certification intention. Additionally, organizational readiness is identified as a critical moderating factor that enhances the connection between these internal motivators and the decision to pursue certification. As a conceptual study, the framework needs empirical testing using quantitative methods, such as large-scale surveys. Future research should validate the proposed ideas and examine contextual factors. The results provide policymakers and certification agencies with valuable insights to develop strategies that tap into firms' intrinsic motivations. For managers, it emphasizes the importance of fostering internal readiness and aligning certification with ethical and strategic organizational goals, rather than viewing it solely as a regulatory obligation. This study offers a significant shift in understanding halal certification as a strategic, value-driven organizational choice. The combination of TPB and RBV offers a fresh theoretical perspective, shifting the discussion from external pressure to internal organizational agency and enriching the field of halal management.
Mastura Mahfar, Nursyawalina Sulong
This conceptual paper examines the role of STEM career interest in predicting career readiness among Malaysian secondary school students in STEM streams. Guided by Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), the paper positions career interest as an affective motivational construct that drives students to engage in exploration, planning and decision-making behaviours associated with readiness for future study and work. Within SCCT, cognitive beliefs such as career self-efficacy and career outcome expectations are recognised as antecedents that shape career interest formation. However, this paper focuses specifically on the direct motivational pathway linking STEM career interest to career readiness. Drawing on theoretical and empirical literature, the discussion explains how sustained career interest in STEM domains enhances persistence, proactive engagement and informed career decision-making, all of which signify readiness to pursue STEM pathways. By synthesising current evidence and highlighting key gaps in Malaysian secondary education research, this paper underscores the importance of prioritising STEM career interest as a central motivational determinant of career readiness and calls for future empirical studies to test this relationship within the Malaysian context.
Dr. Tanyi Derrick Ntemen
The rules governing the sale of counterfeit goods in Cameroon are critically analysed in this paper, which also maps the legislative framework, assesses enforcement practices, and suggests specific improvements to improve consumer welfare and intellectual property protection. In response to growing worries about the negative effects of counterfeit goods on the economy, public health, and society, from lost profits and intellectual property degradation to consumer safety hazards and reputational harm to respectable companies, the study examines the suitability of Cameroon's current legal framework and enforcement system. The analysis begins by summarising the normative framework that governs counterfeiting, including national laws that either criminalise or civilly regulate trademark and copyright infringement, rights-holders' procedural avenues, administrative tools (such as border controls and customs detention), and Cameroon's commitments under international agreements. The implementation is then critically evaluated, including institutional coordination between law enforcement, customs, and the judiciary; evidentiary standards and burdens in criminal and civil proceedings; access to remedies for consumers and rights-holders who have been wronged; capacity constraints (forensics, case management); and barriers that encourage a flourishing counterfeit market (informal retail networks, digital marketplaces, and low consumer awareness). Important discoveries show a disconnect between official legal safeguards and practical enforcement. The deterrent effect of the law is diminished by procedural delays, insufficient sanctions, unpredictable judicial outcomes, and low specialist capacity. Detection and attribution are made more difficult by informal distribution methods and the expansion of online sales. Additionally, enforcement frequently favours administrative fines and seizures over targeted criminal prosecutions or civil remedies that can break up profit chains and compensate victims. The study suggests a calibrated reform package that includes: improved customs and digital marketplace cooperation; capacity-building for forensic evidence and case preparation; public awareness campaigns; more precise statutory definitions and proportionate sanctions; streamlined procedural mechanisms to speed evidence preservation and prosecution; strengthened inter-agency coordination and specialized IP courts or judicial training; and legislative alignment with regional and international standards while protecting access to legitimate trade and public interests.
Dr Ephraim Kaang'andu Belemu, Erastus M. Mwanaumo
The role of Destination Marketing Organisations (DMOs) has been the subject of persistent questioning in both academic literature and professional practice since the early 2000s. While scholars acknowledge that the expected role of DMOs is shifting among various tourism industry stakeholders, the underlying causal mechanisms producing these shifts remain inadequately explained. This study employs Critical Realism (CR) as a theoretical framework to investigate the shifting expected role of the DMO in Zambia's tourism destination system. Using a qualitative case study design with thirty informants from the southern tourism circuit, the study applied Bhaskar's stratified ontology and Archer's morphogenetic model to explain the observed phenomena. The findings reveal that the shifting role of the DMO emerges from the interplay between structural conditioning forces (path-dependence mechanisms including government policy directions, regional structures, market forces, cultural history, and international organisation influences) and social interactions among destination stakeholders. The study identifies morphogenetic processes characterised by structural elaboration rather than morphostasis, explaining why policy propositions fail to produce intended outcomes despite stakeholder expectations shifting. This research contributes to DMO theory by demonstrating how CR provides explanatory adequacy for understanding destination system dynamics, offering practical implications for tourism policy formulation in emerging destinations.
Anas Abdul Latiff, Mohd Arif Mohd Azman, Noor Izwanni Amil
This paper demonstrates a systematic method for preparing higher education institution (HEI) a data-driven research and innovation (R&I) performance report based on implementation of the proposed R&I Ecosystem Framework. The ecosystem framework is an Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model and has adopted elements in the Malaysia Research Assessment (MyRA). The method of performance report is designed to present performance achievement levels, enabling relevant stakeholders to plan and implement appropriate action plans. The study begins with mapping MyRA criteria to the proposed ecosystem framework, which encompass input, process, and output, to form a complete and holistic R&I ecosystem view. Data for each criteria were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and visual representations such as radar charts, statistical graphs, pie charts, and bell curve charts were prepared for reporting. The application of this IPO-based framework, coupled with strategic data visualization techniques, moves data-driven R&I performance reporting beyond descriptive accounting to become a powerful diagnostic and strategic tool. The results identified strengths and weaknesses (gaps) in specific R&I criteria, aiding top management and relevant responsibility R&I offices in formulating actionable plans to bridging the performance gaps and ultimately enhancing the HEI's overall R&I ecosystem, directly supporting the national agenda for improved R&I excellence and global competitiveness.
Adel Abedrabu Mohamed Alhemeiri, Kesavan Nallaluthan, Norsamsinar Binti Samsudin
The role of leadership in the gas and oil industry (O&G) has been reported a critical factor in developing human resources. However, the role of transformational leadership in boosting job performance with the mediating influence of organizational culture and motivation has not been reported. Hence, the aim of this study is to develop a conceptual framework that links transformational leadership, organizational culture, employee motivation, and job performance in O&G industry. Quantitative methodology was deployed to validate the conceptual framework. A structured questionnaire was the data collection instrument for data collection. The study sample consists of 422 employees across various departments of ADNOC, the largest oil company in the UAE. A simple random sampling technique was applied in the survey procedure. Data analysis was based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS software. The results showed the validity of the hypothesized framework and significant relationships between the variables. These findings confirm that transformational leadership does not only have a direct impact on the performance of employees but also the indirect effect of organizational culture and employee motivation was significant. The outcome of this paper contributes to the theory of leadership theory and organizational behavior by presenting a novel framework in the O&G sector. Based on the results, the policymakers in the O&G industry should focus on transformational leaders to boost the performance of employees. One of the principal recommendations is to invest in human resources development programs by developing a culture of innovation and continuous improvement among the human resources of the organizations, while simultaneously strengthening the motivational factors, to drive sustainable performance and operational excellence in high-demand energy sector.
Dr. John Moose, Dr. Vincent Kanyamuna, James Mwale, Prof. Francis Simui
The study purpose was to explore Gender exclusion in the on-site sanitation among stakeholders in in George compound one of the Peri-Urban Areas in Lusaka. The study was anchored on the Phenomenology paradigm and viewed reality from a relativist ontology that believes in multiple realities. Scotland (2012) asserts that reality is relative to how individuals experience it at any given time and place. According to Scotland (2012), ontology is defined as a branch of philosophy concerned with the assumptions we make to believe that something makes sense or is real, or the very nature or essence of the social phenomenon we are investigating. The researcher analysed data using a reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse in-depth and key informant interviews with beneficiaries, local committees, regulatory bodies, and the Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company. The sample was selected purposively and determined using data saturation, ensuring rich, contextual insights from relevant stakeholders. The study revealed that men are often away from home, which complicates household decision-making, particularly regarding financial matters related to sanitation. This irregular participation hinders effective sanitation decisions, as men are less aware of the impacts of inadequate toilet facilities. Furthermore, The Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company (LWSC) must consider women's specific needs, particularly regarding access to water for toilet use, especially during menstruation. Finally, the study uncovered that The study highlighted that many of the newly constructed toilets have shallow pits, leading to rapid filling and increased burden on women, who are primarily responsible for household sanitation. The study has both practical and policy implication. Practically, the study informs the service providers for continuous engagement of all stakeholders particularly the women. This is because the sanitation system has male slant thus leaving women more vulnerable. Therefore, policy makers need to rethink sanitation approaches that deliberately targets women during design stage and thus develop robust programmes for raising awareness and education to all the water and sanitation utility companies. In conclusion, addressing sanitation challenges in peri-urban Lusaka requires a holistic, systems-oriented approach that integrates infrastructure, regulation, education, cultural socialization, and community participation to ensure equitable, sustainable, and effective onsite sanitation services. The study explored Gendered response to exclusion in the on-site sanitation among stakeholders in George compound, Lusaka, Zambia.
Ayu Kamareenna Abdullah Thani, Nurhidayah Rosely
This pilot study investigates the relationship between person-job fit and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), with religiosity as a mediating variable among Muslim government servants in Klang Valley. The study aims to validate the research instruments and assess the preliminary reliability of the constructs. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed via Google Form to 30 Muslim government servants representing various departments in Klang Valley. The study employed a quantitative research design, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 29. Reliability analysis showed that all Cronbach’s alpha values exceeded 0.80, confirming internal consistency for all constructs. Preliminary results suggest that when employees experience a strong person-job fit, they are more likely to engage in positive extra-role behaviors, and religiosity may strengthen this relationship by encouraging ethical and altruistic actions consistent with Islamic values. This pilot test validates the measurement instruments and provides a foundation for conducting the main study with a larger sample.
Muhammad Athif Mat Zin, Rasimah Che Mohd Yusoff, Saharudin Ismail
Augmented Reality has been widely investigated as an educational technology that overlays digital content such as 3D models, animations, audio narration, and interactive quizzes onto physical media. Most existing studies on augmented reality books focus on formal education (schools, classrooms, and STEM learning). Only a small number examine how augmented reality books influence learning, engagement, or knowledge recall among public library users, especially younger children and casual readers. While Design Thinking is often used to create prototypes, few studies use its Testing phase to systematically evaluate learning effectiveness through repeated measurement. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an augmented reality book in enhancing students’ knowledge recall and understanding of key places of interest. A set of questionnaires is being used to measure change in knowledge recall and understanding to the augmented reality experience. This study employed a quantitative research design to explore the effectiveness of an augmented reality book using a pre-test and post-test design. 70 participants in this study represented a broad spectrum of library users, supporting the inclusiveness of the study sample. Findings from pre-test and post-test results showed a significant increase in students’ post-test scores, indicating improved knowledge recall and understanding. The positive gain score and paired t-test results further confirmed that the augmented reality book enhanced learning performance.
Faraha Hamidi, Nurul Aini Hanani Mohd Saidi, Wan Farah Wani Wan Fakhruddin, Yasmin Hanafi Zaid
This preliminary qualitative study examines the development of critical thinking skills and the level of reading for learning among secondary school L2 learners. The study involved two 15-year-old high-proficiency L2 learners from a Malaysian secondary school, using three qualitative instruments: think-aloud protocols, reflective journal writing, and structured interviews. Data were analysed according to the five stages of Reading for Learning – decoding, understanding, comparing, evaluating, and revising ideas. The participants read a narrative text selected from the KSSM Form 3 Close-Up B1 Students Book by Healan and Gormley (2018), entitled Survival in the Andes. Findings showed that both learners demonstrated critical engagement, particularly in making judgments and drawing connections with prior knowledge. However, the highest cognitive stage, revising one’s ideas, was not observed during think-aloud sessions but emerged in reflective journals and interviews, indicating a time-delayed cognitive transformation that may be due to the amount of time participants spent doing independent research. The study highlights the multidimensional nature of critical thinking in L2 reading and underscores the importance of using multimodal, reflective approaches to foster deeper learning and cognitive development
Haslina Abdullah, Sharul Effendy Janudin
This conceptual paper develops a theoretically grounded framework to strengthen Management Accounting Practices (MAPs) in schools. Although management accounting is widely applied in the corporate sector, its adoption in educational settings remains limited, resulting in weak analytical decision-making, inadequate financial transparency, and inefficient budgeting. Drawing on Contingency Theory, Dynamic Capabilities Theory, and principles of public-sector accountability, this study conceptualises how contextual conditions shape the design and quality of Management Accounting Information (MAI), and how decision-making capability and financial innovation mediate the relationship between MAI and school performance. The proposed framework integrates budgeting cycles, cost measurement tools, reporting systems, and performance indicators to offer a more systematic and evidence-based approach to school financial governance. It also provides a foundation for future empirical validation through pilot studies, qualitative interviews, and quantitative modelling. By positioning MAPs as strategic enablers rather than administrative routines, the model offers practical guidance for school leaders and policymakers seeking to enhance transparency, resource optimisation, and data-driven decision-making in alignment with Malaysia’s education transformation agenda.
Chiew Fung Ling, Hanita Hanim Ismail, Melor Md Yunus
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming English Language Teaching (ELT), yet limited empirical evidence exists on how Malaysian primary ESL teachers perceive and intend to use AI tools in classroom practice. This study investigates teachers’ readiness, perceived usefulness and behavioural intention to integrate AI, addressing a gap in empirical research within the Malaysian primary school context. A quantitative survey design was employed, involving 80 primary ESL teachers who completed a structured questionnaire adapted from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Descriptive statistics indicated moderately high levels of readiness, strong perceptions of usefulness and high intention to adopt AI. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong, positive and statistically significant relationships among the three constructs. Multiple regression results further showed that perceived usefulness was the strongest predictor of intention, followed by teacher readiness. Openended responses provided supplementary insights, highlighting teachers’ need for hands-on training, practical examples and continuous professional development. Overall, the study offers timely empirical evidence on AI adoption in Malaysian primary ESL classrooms and underscores the importance of enhancing teachers’ digital competence and pedagogical capacity for sustainable and meaningful AI integration.
Ranjitha Bala
Advertisements serve as pivotal cultural tools that shape consumer perceptions, influence purchasing behavior and construct social meanings. In the context of beauty and cosmetics, their persuasive force is particularly directed toward women, often reinforcing the long-standing association between fair skin and desirability. This study examines the semiotic strategies employed in fairness cream advertisements to demonstrate how they commodify the female body and reproduce normative beauty standards among Indian women. Drawing on multimodal semiotic theories from Structuralist Model of Signification of Saussure, Barthes (1972) and Kress and van Leeuwen (2006) the analysis explores how signs, symbols, color schemes, narrative structures and ideological mythologies collectively sustain the notion that fairness signifies beauty, confidence, success and social approval. The study focuses on both lexical and visual semiotics, analyzing linguistic choices, metaphors, presuppositions and transformation narratives that implicitly encode colorist ideologies. Complemented by feminist theory and postcolonial perspectives, the analysis further interrogates the gendered pressures, patriarchal expectations and colonial residues embedded within fairness discourse. Findings reveal that fairness cream advertisements systematically normalize colorism by idealizing lighter skin tones while marginalizing darker complexions. These representational patterns shape self-perceptions of women, contributing to internalized bias, diminished self-esteem, and aspirational conformity to Eurocentric beauty norms. The study highlights the urgent need for inclusive media practices that challenge discriminatory beauty narratives and support diverse representations. By examining the intersections of semiotics, gender and postcolonial identity, this research contributes to broader discussions on beauty, power and inequality in contemporary Indian society.
Dr. S.T. Akilan
A gig economy is a free market system in which temporary positions are common and organizations contract with independent workers for short-term engagements. This is the collection of markets that match providers to consumers on a gig or job basis in support on on-demand commerce. In the basic model, gig workers inter into formal agreements with on- demand companies to provide services to the company’s clients. The study has made an attempt to assess the Socio-economic standards, demographic profile, the Problems and challenges related to the work culture and the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats of the Gig workers in selected areas of Chennai city. The study is descriptive in nature and it focused on the issues of gig workers through both primary and secondary data sources. The samples comprising 100 were chosen by using purposive sampling technique and the descriptive analysis was employed to analyse the data with necessary graphical representation. The study has identified the themes such as educational background, safety concern, work load, gender role, work culture, health of the workers of gig economic sector in Chennai city. A comprehensive Sociological approach was launched in this present study with appropriate methods and tools. The study concludes with theoretical application major findings and suggestions as per the objectives used.
Dr. S.T. Akilan
A gig economy is a free market system in which temporary positions are common and organizations contract with independent workers for short-term engagements. This is the collection of markets that match providers to consumers on a gig or job basis in support on on-demand commerce. In the basic model, gig workers inter into formal agreements with on- demand companies to provide services to the company’s clients. The study has made an attempt to assess the Socio-economic standards, demographic profile, the Problems and challenges related to the work culture and the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats of the Gig workers in selected areas of Chennai city. The study is descriptive in nature and it focused on the issues of gig workers through both primary and secondary data sources. The samples comprising 100 were chosen by using purposive sampling technique and the descriptive analysis was employed to analyse the data with necessary graphical representation. The study has identified the themes such as educational background, safety concern, work load, gender role, work culture, health of the workers of gig economic sector in Chennai city. A comprehensive Sociological approach was launched in this present study with appropriate methods and tools. The study concludes with theoretical application major findings and suggestions as per the objectives used.
Willy P. Calo, MAEd
As the Philippine Department of Education advances its digital transformation agenda, understanding how teachers’ engagement with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) translates into instructional effectiveness has become increasingly important, particularly in non-formal education contexts such as the Alternative Learning System (ALS). This study examined the structural relationships among ICT Engagement, Digital Leadership, and Teaching Performance of ALS teachers in Northern Mindanao using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Data were collected from 200 ALS teachers through an online survey utilizing adapted measures of ICT Engagement, perceived Digital Leadership of Education Program Specialists (EPS), and IPCRF-based Teaching Performance ratings. Descriptive results indicated generally low ICT engagement, moderate levels of perceived digital leadership, and high teaching performance ratings. SEM results showed that ICT Engagement significantly predicted both Digital Leadership and Teaching Performance, while Digital Leadership also had a significant effect on Teaching Performance. Mediation analysis revealed that Digital Leadership partially mediated the relationship between ICT Engagement and Teaching Performance. These findings highlight ICT Engagement as the primary driver of instructional performance in ALS, with digital leadership serving a reinforcing role. The study contributes empirical evidence to the limited body of research on digital leadership and ICT integration in non-formal education and underscores the need for sustained ICT capacity-building and strengthened EPS-led digital support to enhance teaching quality in ALS.
A P. Dr Alias Bin Mahmud., Abdul Raimi Bin Abd Kadir., Azmi Bin Ab Manan., Mohd Azroy Bin Ag. Rajak., Rozila Binti Ibrahim, Siti Maisarah Binti Amdan., Zuraida Bt Jorkasi.
The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped higher education worldwide, creating unprecedented challenges for students, particularly those enrolled in health science programs that depend heavily on laboratory work, clinical exposure, and competency-based assessments. This study investigates the academic stressors, coping strategies, and online learning challenges experienced by Malaysian Diploma in Health Science students during the pandemic, with the goal of understanding how these factors interacted to influence student well-being and academic performance. Employing a quantitative cross-sectional design, the study collected data from 120 respondents through an online structured questionnaire that included demographic variables, standardized academic stress scales, coping behaviour indicators, and online learning experience measures. Findings indicate that academic stress remained significantly elevated throughout the pandemic, with a majority of students reporting moderate to high levels of psychological strain. Key stressors included unclear assessment expectations, increased academic workload, disrupted practical and clinical training, and difficulties adapting to rapidly shifting online learning formats. The absence of in-person laboratory and clinical sessions created substantial anxiety regarding future professional competence. Many students expressed fear of graduating without adequate practical skills, a concern intensified by inconsistent access to simulation tools and limited lecturer-student interaction in virtual environments. Technological barriers further compounded stress levels. Challenges such as unstable internet connectivity, limited access to personal digital devices, and unconducive home learning environments were widespread, particularly among students from lower-income households. These inequities not only affected academic engagement but also contributed to frustration, demotivation, and academic fatigue. Coping strategy analysis revealed that students predominantly relied on adaptive methods such as social support seeking, religious and spiritual practices, and cognitive reframing. However, a notable portion also reported maladaptive coping behaviours, including avoidance and emotional suppression, indicating deeper psychological distress. Overall, the study highlights that academic stress among health science students during the COVID-19 pandemic was multidimensional, interconnected with structural, technological, and psychological factors. The findings emphasize the urgent need for educational institutions to strengthen mental health support systems, redesign online and hybrid teaching methods, expand digital accessibility, and provide additional clinical training opportunities to rebuild student confidence. By understanding these stressors and coping patterns, policymakers and educators can develop a more resilient and equitable post-pandemic educational landscape that safeguards student well-being while ensuring academic continuity and professional readiness.
Mohammed R. M. Elshobake
This research aims to discuss the landscape of Sustainable Economic Development in Muslim countries, establishing that its pursuit is not just a policy priority, but an ethical and religious obligation rooted in Islamic teachings, particularly the principles of Khilāfah (Stewardship) and Al-Adl (Justice). Many Muslim-majority nations face persistent contemporary challenges, including high poverty, resource dependency, weak institutional frameworks, and crippling corruption, which severely hinder their ability to achieve the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research focuses on the strategic potential of revitalising traditional Islamic financial instruments: Zakāt, Waqf, and Islamic Philanthropy. Historically pivotal in alleviating poverty and financing public services, these tools can offer alternative and complementary pathways to fostering inclusive growth where state initiatives have proven insufficient. The research aims to evaluate how these mechanisms can be systematically integrated into national development strategies, while simultaneously analysing the formidable institutional, legal, and governance barriers that currently limit their effectiveness. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, this research provides a foundational understanding of these Islamic economic principles and critically examines successful models, such as the use of Green Sukuk and productive Zakāt in countries like Indonesia and Malaysia to demonstrate the viability of harnessing spiritual heritage for modern development demands. The ultimate goal is to contribute to the discourse on how Muslim countries can achieve responsible, ethical, and sustainable economic outcomes in the 21st century.
Aldreich Lois Genita, Valentina Pallo
This study investigates the critical role of school administrators in the implementation of the Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (Phil-IRI) within the context of the newly introduced MATATAG Curriculum. Conducted in the Tagoloan East and West Districts of the Division of Misamis Oriental, the research employed a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design to evaluate administrative strategies across three domains: Development, Monitoring, and Sustainability. Data were collected from 51 Grade 4–6 teachers through the Standard Survey Questionnaire (SSQ) and open-ended qualitative inquiries.
Arif Hossain, Jumman Sani
Bangladesh's ready-made garment (RMG) sector, which accounts for over 80% of the country's export revenue, is progressively implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems to boost productivity, compliance, and competitiveness in the international market. ERP helps manufacturers avoid delays, cut down on waste, and improve buyer-required traceability by offering integrated data visibility across production, merchandising, inventory, HR, costing, and finance. The operational function, strategic advantages, and difficulties of ERP implementation are examined in this study using a wealth of secondary data from worldwide studies, peer-reviewed journals, and BGMEA publications. The results show that ERP supports adherence to international standards and improves workflow coordination, production planning accuracy, real-time inventory monitoring, and analytics-based decision-making. However, obstacles to widespread adoption, particularly among small and medium-sized businesses, include high costs, a lack of digital skills, organizational reluctance, and the requirement for factory-specific customization. According to the study's findings, ERP has a great deal of revolutionary potential for Bangladesh's RMG sector; nevertheless, its success is contingent upon leadership commitment, organized training, appropriate data management, and industry-level support for digital transformation.
Gerwine J. Medio, Lileth O. Ulbeda
This study investigates the adoption of social networking sites (SNS) for clothing purchases using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. It examines how performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and behavioral intention influence consumers’ acceptance of SNS as platforms for clothing purchases. A descriptive–correlational research design was employed with 100 participants recruited from an academic institution. Data were gathered through a validated questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. Findings indicate high levels of SNS adoption, with performance expectancy emerging as the strongest predictor of behavioral intention. All UTAUT constructs showed significant positive relationships, indicating that perceived usefulness, ease of use, and social influence substantially shape consumers’ intention to use SNS for clothing purchases. The study reinforces the relevance of UTAUT in explaining technology acceptance within online shopping contexts, specifically in clothing-related purchases.
Mtetwa Andrias
This abstract presents a study of challenges African students face in learning Chinese at Zhejiang Normal University College of Education, which is a significant void in understanding students' educational experiences. Mixed-method research was adopted for this study, using a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to acquire factual information from thirty participants. The sample of students was comprised of Master's and Doctoral students. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and literature reviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, charts, and graphs, while the qualitative data were presented based on themes. Findings speak to the way tonal pronunciation complexity, the intricacy of Chinese writing, and the cultural barriers limit language acquisition in the students and their overall adjustment. Notably, 80% of the respondents have reported significant struggles with Mandarin's tonal variations, with 67% having not been previously exposed to tonal languages, negatively impacting their learning experience. Further, the participants also expressed feelings of isolation and alienation as a result of cultural disconnections and language barriers, which affected their confidence and motivation levels negatively. Recommendations include increasing opportunities for peer interaction in the classrooms by having mixed classrooms to promote some cultural exchange and language proficiency. Some went as far as to suggest establishing tonal awareness programs to deal with pronunciation problems specifically. They have targeted action put forward by the institutions of learning to shape some forms of inclusion and enhanced experiences for such students to support their academic journeys.
Hannah Grace S. Parcasio
This study explored the lived experiences of the retired public-school teachers. It also identified the problems encountered by the retired teachers, as well as, in dealing to address the problems encountered. The study used the descriptive-qualitative method using phenomenological analysis based on the transcription discourses from the interview. The sources of data were the responses of the fifteen (15) participants who were chosen purposively. Researchers’ made questionnaire was employed and validated. Interview was utilized to gather data of the study. The answer of the participants occurred naturally without any manipulation or treatment from the researcher. The findings of the study show that the problems encountered by the retired public-school teachers were on health, financial and family issues. To address the problems encountered, the participants asked help and guidance from God, exerted more effort to gain another source of income, joined organizations, relax life and by sharing their problems with friends. Since there are economic and social problems encountered by the Retired Public School Teachers after retirement that affect their quality of life, there is a need to address these problems. Lack of planning before retiring is one of the reasons why retired teachers cannot attain the life they have wanted. Further, having trouble in adjusting to the life of being a retired professional is also considered.
Oruko Felix Ogora
The study sought to examine how agrarian change influenced the decline of indigenous food production among the Abagusii community of western Kenya between 1955 and 1970. Before this period, the Abagusii relied on communal land ownership, indigenous seed systems and indigenous cropping methods that sustained food security and reinforced cultural values. However, land reforms such as the Swynnerton Plan, introduction of exotic livestock and post-independence agricultural policies shifted emphasis toward commercial crop production. As families increasingly planted cash crops such as tea, coffee and pyrethrum and adopted grade cattle, indigenous crops such as millet, sorghum and indigenous legumes gradually declined. Migration to estates and urban centres in search of income further removed labour from rural farms and encouraged reliance on purchased food. Education policies and youth agricultural programs, including 4-K Clubs, promoted modern farming practices and high-value crops, shaping a generation that associated progress with commercial agriculture rather than indigenous food production. Grounded in modernisation theory, this study explores how shifts in Kenya’s agrarian structure have shaped patterns of indigenous food production. This study adopted a historical research design, utilizing purposive and snowball sampling to identify knowledgeable informants in Gusiiland in regard to indigenous food production. Findings indicate that agrarian modernisation created economic opportunities but weakened indigenous production. The study concludes that agrarian change led to growing demand of western education, rural to rural and rural to urban migration which led to the decline indigenous food production. The study recommends that agricultural policies should integrate modern agriculture with indigenous food production through culturally sensitive and community-based approaches to achieve sustainable food production practices.
Azmi Che Leh, Mariatul Liza Meor Gheda, Mohd Tajuzzaman Hassanor, Nurul Fizah Mohamad Nusran, Sharifah Rosfashida Syed Abd Latif
This conceptual paper examines how an open and distance learning (ODL) institution aligns its physical and digital infrastructure with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, focusing on accessible mobility (11.2), inclusive planning (11.3), protection of institutional assets (11.4), environmental performance (11.6), universal accessibility (11.7) and resilience planning (11.b). The paper highlights that despite firm institutional commitments to sustainability, many universities face uneven progress in translating these goals into practice, particularly in infrastructure management and organisational routines. For an ODL institution, the centrality of digital platforms introduces added challenges in ensuring equitable access, usability and continuity of services. Drawing on literature from campus sustainability, digital transformation, accessibility and SDG governance, the paper proposes a conceptual framework that links infrastructure conditions with institutional factors to explain how SDG 11 outcomes emerge. The framework emphasises the importance of coordinated planning across physical facilities, digital systems, leadership direction, policy clarity, and operational processes. It provides a foundation for future empirical work, utilising approaches such as accessibility audits, user experience studies, and sustainability dashboards. It provides a structured framework for fostering sustainable, inclusive, and resilient campus development in alignment with SDG 11.
Hafizol Abu Hassan, Mohd Faizul Hassan, Nor Asfarul Lail Azwan Haris, Nor Maizura Ibrahim
This study investigates the determinants influencing Malaysian consumers’ purchase intention toward heritage food processed using retort ready-to-eat (RTE) technology, with a specific focus on Malaysia Tok Beef Rendang. As demand for convenient and culturally authentic food grows, retort technology offers a viable solution by ensuring extended shelf life, safety, and preservation of sensory quality. The research examines five key determinants—quality, price, technology, convenience, and intention to purchase—within the context of RTE heritage food consumption. A cross-sectional quantitative method was employed using a structured questionnaire developed from established measurement items. A total of 150 prospective respondents assessed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate relationships between determinants and purchase intention. Findings highlight that perceived quality, affordability, technological assurance, and convenience significantly shape consumers’ behavioural intention toward retort-processed heritage foods. The results underscore the potential of retort technology in sustaining Malaysia’s culinary heritage while aligning with modern lifestyle demands. The study provides meaningful insights for food manufacturers, policymakers, and gastronomy stakeholders on enhancing product acceptance, improving market strategies, and promoting Malaysian heritage dishes internationally through innovative food technology.
Florence Phiri, John Moose, Peccy Ngwira
Results showed that hospitality industry provided limited economic outcomes, and few locals were employed in hospitality industry with low-salary jobs. It was further established that purchases of produce is made from supermarkets instead of local communities. The study revealed that related activities within the area have contributed significantly to cultural preservation and revitalization. Many communities engage in traditional dances, storytelling, and craft production as part of tourism and hospitality experiences, providing platforms for expressing and sustaining local heritage. However, participants also expressed concern about the commercialization of culture, noting that cultural performances and artifacts are sometimes exploited for profit without fair compensation to the creators or performers.
Adilao, Abdulrahim Sani, Ansano, Nor-Hasmine, Barandia, Fritz Aerole D., Bayas, Jehan, Cordero, Rovic Angelou C., Hofer, Meghan A., Maurin, Harbie, Rivera, Earl Cydrick, Salindawan, Airah
This study explored the connection between interpersonal relationships and mental health of senior high school students at Iligan City National High School. Personal Survey and online questionnaires were used for data gathering with an emphasis on physical and emotional support, communication patterns, and conflict management. There were a total of 55 respondents all together. Most respondents were aged 16-17, with a majority being female and from medium-income families. The data reveal varied experiences of support: many students are uncertain or neutral about the consistency of physical and emotional assistance they receive, while responses about communication and conflict management show both positive efforts and challenges in expressing emotions and solving disputes calmly. The findings indicate that positive relationships marked by love, trust, support, and good communication foster emotional stability and motivation, while poor relationships and unresolved conflicts increase stress and mental health difficulties. The study recommends that students maintain healthy communication, teachers foster supportive classrooms, parents provide emotional support, and schools offer mental health programs and awareness.
Benjamine Hanyani Mlambo, Mercy Bita, Obert Kasirai
This study assessed approaches to enhance the adoption rate of Pfumvudza farming among smallholder farmers in Gwanda district. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the adoption rate. The sample consisted of 538 smallholder communal farmers selected through stratified random sampling across all 24 wards in Gwanda district. Results showed 126 adopters and 412 non-adopters, giving an adoption rate of 23.42% and a non-adoption rate of 76.58%. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13. Multicollinearity was tested using the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF), with results below 5 indicating its absence. A logit regression identified the number of plots and household size as factors determining adoption. Propensity Score Matching was used to assess the impact of Pfumvudza farming on household food security. The Average Treatment Effect results indicated that adopters achieved 48% higher food security than non-adopters. Additionally, adopters obtained 888 kg per hectare more maize yield than non-adopters. Capacity building, training, and government support were identified as key strategies to enhance adoption. The study recommends the adoption of Pfumvudza farming by smallholder farmers.
Ahmad Sharifuddin Mustapha, Muhammad Masruri, Muhammad Syazwan Faid, Nik Kamal Wan Muhammed, Shakila Ahmad
The pandemic significantly affected Malaysia's economy, resulting in a GDP decline of 17.1%. A survey indicated that 67.8% of enterprises saw no sales during the Movement Control Order (MCO), with 92.8% of them being small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study examines the spiritual activities of UTHM Muslims following the MCO, emphasizing personal and ethical impacts. Participants consisted of UTHM staff, interviewed mostly two years after the stay-at-home order (March 2020) and one year following the conclusion of the MCO (ending May 17, 2021). The results indicated that participants aged 31-40 exhibited a substantially higher interest in online lectures (0.43) compared to other age groups (0.18). Senior officers favored online seminars over their counterparts at other grade levels. Male individuals participated more in family religious activities (mean 0.46) than female participants (0.21). Age, number of offspring, and educational level did not significantly influence familial religious practices. Self-reflection religious activities were minimal during and after the MCO, with merely 25% of participants engaging in frequent practice. The MCO enhanced individual resilience and awareness of expanded charitable capacities via online lectures, electronic donations, and social media initiatives. Family interactions resumed normally following the MCO.
Dr. John Moose, Dr. Vincent Kanyamuna, James Mwale, Prof. Francis Simui
The study was guided by an objective which sought to explore the stakeholders perceived mitigation measures for sanitation challenges in Peri-Urban Areas in Lusaka. The researcher adopted the social constructivist ontology, knowledge was co-constructed with participants through an interpretive phenomenological approach, and reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse in-depth and key informant interviews with beneficiaries, local committees, regulatory bodies, and the Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company. The sample was selected purposively and determined using data saturation, ensuring rich, contextual insights from relevant stakeholders. The study revealed that even if you employ hundred inspectors this still cannot address sanitation because, sanitation starts at the household level. sanitation services have been integrated into the Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company’s (LWSC) digital customer service platforms. The sanitation platform allows households to access sanitation services more conveniently, facilitates reporting of issues, and enhances communication between service providers and beneficiaries. Furthermore, the utility company introduction of scheduled desludging has improved predictability and affordability in pit emptying services. Under this system, households register their pit latrines and make small, routine contributions, which enables service providers to plan operations efficiently and reduces the risk of full pits overflowing or being emptied unsafely. The researcher’s application of systems theory highlighted the interdependence of institutions, service providers, and communities, demonstrating that weaknesses in any component can compromise the sanitation system. The systems lens also emphasized that sustainable outcomes require integration of infrastructure, regulation, household participation, and community engagement. The study has theoretical, methodological, policy, practice, and knowledge implications. Theoretically, it corroborates systems theory by illustrating the interrelated roles of stakeholders in sustainable sanitation. Methodologically, it demonstrates the value of interpretive phenomenology in capturing lived experiences and operational nuances. For policy, the study emphasizes integrated, multi-stakeholder interventions informed by practical experiences. Practically, it highlights the need for community sensitization and engagement to ensure sustainability of sanitation innovations. Knowledge-wise, the study provides contextual evidence specific to George Compound, documenting challenges, innovations, and operational insights that can inform similar peri-urban settings. In conclusion, addressing sanitation challenges in peri-urban Lusaka requires a holistic, systems-oriented approach that integrates infrastructure, regulation, education, cultural socialization, and community participation to ensure equitable, sustainable, and effective on-site sanitation services.
A. H. D Athukorala, L. A. W. A. C. Liyanage, L. S. H Jayasooriya, S. L. Ranamukhaarachchi
Comprehending the dynamics of land use, particularly in agricultural and plantation sectors, has become increasingly vital for ecological sustainability. This research provides an overview of changes in farming and plantation land use in the Deraniyagala and Dehiowita DS divisions of Sri Lanka over the past decade, analyzing remote sensing data from different time periods. This study evaluates urban growth and vegetation, water, and hydric resources within the area using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). The results reveal contrasting trends: Deraniyagala showed greater urban and environmental strain, coupled with declining vegetation and surface moisture levels, whereas Dehiowita demonstrated comparatively more stable ecological conditions, indicating more sustainable land use. Shifts in crop cultivation patterns demonstrated a pivot of traditional plantation crops, including tea and rubber, towards alternative crops such as coffee and pepper, reflecting demographic pressures and evolving land management practices. This study highlights the potential of remote sensing to capture fine-scale environmental dynamics and facilitate spatial analysis, underscoring the urgent need for integrated strategies in land and water resource management, along with evidence-based spatial planning approaches, to foster sustainable ecological and rural development in environmentally sensitive areas.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azri Bin Bhari, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Ashrof Zaki Bin Yaakob, Dr. Mohd Faiz Mohamed Bin Yusof, Dr. Mohd Yusra Bin Abdullah, Dr. Nik Airin Aqmar Binti Nik Azhar, Dr. Nurulaina Saidin, Intan Nurrachmi, Mr. Mohammad Mahyuddin Bin Khalid, Nurulaneeyamirah Razali
Gold is a high-value asset that plays a crucial role in the economic system and wealth development of the Muslim community. In addition to functioning as a medium of exchange and ornamentation, gold has increasingly become a significant investment instrument through physical ownership such as bars and coins, as well as digital gold investment accounts. The evolving functions of gold necessitate a reassessment of the understanding and implementation of gold zakat to ensure conformity with fiqh principles and contemporary realities. This article aims to analyse the concept of gold zakat based on the discussions of the four major mazhab (school of thought) and contemporary scholars, and to examine the implementation and governance of gold zakat at Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) as a leading zakat institution in Malaysia. This study adopts a qualitative research design through document analysis, specifically examining the Fatwa on Zakat Collection Management System (Amendment 2022) and operational data from LZS. The data were analysed using inductive and comparative approaches to assess the consistency between Shariah principles and institutional implementation. The findings indicate that LZS adheres to four fundamental collection principles: immediacy (fauriyyah), prevention of double taxation, and the classification of gold as a growth asset (al-namā'). Furthermore, the study critically evaluates LZS's approach to contemporary issues, specifically the taxation of the principal amount in non-Shariah-compliant digital gold investments. Overall, LZS demonstrates its capacity to align Shariah obligations with modern economic realities, thereby strengthening the zakat system as an instrument of social justice and sustainable development of the Muslim ummah.
AKINWOLERE, Bukola Comfort, Dr. SANI Bariki Sabiu, Prof. MAGAJI, Sule
The incidence of child labour persists in Lagos state, Nigeria despite the Child’s Rights Act 2003 that has been domesticated by the state. As a result, the study analyzed the socio-economic determinants of child labour in Lagos state, Nigeria. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were employed in the study. Specifically, Tobit regression was utilized to analyze the quantitative primary data collected through structured questionnaire from the study area. The findings revealed that increase in household income raises the probability of a child working with 1% level of significance. The findings further indicated that the educational level of the household head has no significant effect on child labour. The findings also indicate that the employment status of the household head does not significantly influence the likelihood of children engaging in work. Moreover, the findings revealed that the likelihood of the household head having dependents have a negative and insignificant impact the probability of a child engaging in work. Furthermore, the findings highlight that a child's gender does not significantly influence the likelihood of engaging in work. The study concluded that child labour in Lagos state is significantly influenced by household income, parent's employment status, the parent’s educational level and the level of dependency. The study recommended that affordable and accessible education in marginalized areas in order to boost school enrolment and retention rates, as well as reducing the amount of time children spend in labour.
Huzaimah Husin, Nur Faizah binti Hambali, Shakir Saat, Siva Kumar Subramaniam, Yusmarnita Yusop
High-efficiency power conversion is critical for Wireless Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems, especially at high operating frequencies where switching losses, impedance sensitivity, and load variations strongly affect overall performance. Conventional Class-E inverters typically exhibit efficiency degradation when operating outside their optimum load conditions due to impedance mismatch and the consequent loss of soft-switching. To address these limitations, this study investigates the design and performance analysis of a Class-E π2b resonant transmitter, a topology chosen for its capability to sustain zero voltage switching (ZVS) under appropriately matched conditions. The Class-E 2b transmitter is analytically designed for a 16 W power specification using standard Class-E design equations, and its performance is examined through detailed circuit-level simulations in PSIM. The resonant transmitter is evaluated under two operational scenarios: (i) direct operation without an impedance-matching network, and (ii) operation incorporating a π2b impedance-matching network. This comparative approach enables a controlled assessment of how impedance matching influences efficiency, switching behaviour, and output stability. Simulation results show that the Class-E π2b inverter operating without impedance matching achieves approximately 74% efficiency, primarily due to load-dependent mismatch and partial loss of soft-switching. In contrast, when integrated with a π2b matching network, the transmitter preserves ideal ZVS switching characteristics and delivers stable 16 W at 6.78 MHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band, achieving a significantly improved overall efficiency of 98.2% when driving a 22 Ω load. These findings demonstrate that the Class-E π2b topology, when complemented with an appropriate impedance-matching network, provides a robust and highly efficient solution for high-frequency inductive wireless power transfer applications.
Ha Minh Hieu, Ho Thi Trang Nhung
Research aims: This study explores the influence of three key dimensions of customer equity - Value Equity (VE), Brand Equity (BE), and Relationship Equity (RE) - on Consumer Well-Being (CWB) within Vietnam’s retail sector. It further investigates the direct and mediating mechanisms through which these equity drivers shape perceived well-being. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative method was adopted, using survey-based data from the retail environment in Vietnam. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to empirically assess both the hypothesized effects and the structural links among VE, BE, RE, and CWB. Research findings: The findings reveal that VE has a positive influence on both RE and CWB, whereas RE stands out as the most substantial contributor to CWB. While BE significantly impacts VE and RE, it does not directly influence CWB. These results indicate that consumer well-being is largely shaped by value perceptions and relationship quality rather than brand-related factors alone. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study broadens the customer equity theory by incorporating consumer well-being and testing their combined framework in an emerging market setting. The results clarify how distinct customer equity components differentially contribute to consumer well-being outcomes.
Alyaa Nabihah Zainal Abu, Maizatul Haizan Mahbob, Mohd Azul Mohamad Salleh, Muhammad Adnan Pitchan
Umrah fraud is no longer a new issue and continues to be a concern among the Muslim community in Malaysia. This study focuses on the main objective of identifying the relationship between cognitive, affective, and conative elements in pilgrims’ communication behavior when choosing umrah packages, which in the end may expose them to the risk of fraud. These three elements are framed based on the Theory of Mind (ToM), which explains how human beings understand and interpret the behavior of others through mental processes such as beliefs, intentions, and desires. From this perspective, the study seeks to understand how pilgrims form perceptions of the information received, the emotions involved in the selection process, as well as the intentions or behavioral tendencies to subscribe to a particular package.
C. F. Khoo
The dynamic modelling of nonlinear electronic circuits often results in high-dimensional systems of differential equations that are computationally expensive to solve, particularly when incorporating parasitic elements with widely varying time scales. This research proposes a dimensionality reduction framework utilizing singular perturbation theory applied to the chaotic Chua circuit. By decomposing the system dynamics into "slow" (outer) and "fast" (inner) time scales, and invoking Tikhonov’s theorem to validate the asymptotic correctness, a reduced-order model is derived. A uniform approximation is subsequently constructed by mathematically matching the boundary layer transients with the steady-state behaviour. Numerical simulations compare this approximation against the full system solved via standard ODE solvers, revealing that the uniform approximation achieves high fidelity with negligible absolute errors. The results confirm that singular perturbation is an effective technique for minimizing computational cost without compromising dynamical accuracy, presenting significant potential for scaling to higher-dimensional problems.
Dr. Mohamed Shadi, Mostafa Ahmed
Arabic’s gradual attrition has been theorised as a potential national security threat, but this claim has not previously been tested empirically. Building on our earlier conceptual work – the Socio-Political-Historical (SPH) framework and the SPH-LENS early warning system – the paper examines whether erosion in Arabic language vitality is associated with rising state fragility across the 22 Arab League states. Using a panel dataset covering roughly 2000–2025, the paper constructs a composite Arabic Attrition Index (AAI), operationalising SPH LENS indicators, and compare it to national stability measures such as the Fragile States Index (FSI). Fixed effects panel regressions, panel Granger causality tests, and robustness checks with economic, demographic, and institutional controls are employed to isolate the language factor. The paper finds that declines in Arabic’s societal role – particularly in education, science, and media – significantly predict subsequent increases in state fragility, even after accounting for confounders. These results provide the first quantitative evidence that language attrition and instability are linked, reframing Arabic language policy as a strategic rather than purely cultural concern. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for Arab governments and the Arab League and outlines avenues for further research on language vitality as an early warning indicator of national cohesion and security.
Aicha Habacha, Mahmoud Menyaoui
This study investigates how the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in learning activities contributes to the development of intrapreneurial culture among students at the University of Sousse. It examines the direct effects of AI use and the mediating roles of creativity and entrepreneurial mindset, as well as the moderating influence of institutional support for innovation. A quantitative survey was conducted among 312 students across multiple faculties. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM to assess measurement reliability, structural relationships, mediation, and moderation effects. Results indicate that AI use significantly enhances students’ creativity and entrepreneurial mindset, which in turn foster a stronger intrapreneurial culture. Institutional support positively moderates the relationship between AI use and intrapreneurial behaviors, suggesting that AI’s potential is maximized in environments where innovation is encouraged and supported.
Hanita Hanim Ismail, Lim Jun Hong, Melor Md Yunus
The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into language instruction has offered possibilities for enhancing English as A Second Language (ESL) learners’ writing proficiency and motivation. This study investigates the impact of AI-generated feedback on learners’ motivation in English writing using the Cambridge Write & Improve platform. This study was designed to explore the extent to which AI-generated feedback can improve learners’ motivation in four constructs: self-efficacy, persistence, engagement and autonomy. A mixed-method design was employed in this study with 30 Year 5 ESL learners with mixed abilities in English writing from an urban Chinese vernacular primary school in Johor, Malaysia. A writing pre-test and post-test, a 5-point Likert Scale motivation questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. The data from pre-test, post-test and questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS and subsequently triangulated with data from semi-structured interviews. Findings revealed a measurable improvement in writing performance with learners achieving higher grades in post-intervention writing test. Learners also reported to develop greater writing motivation with increased self-efficacy, sustained engagement, greater persistence in writing tasks and enhanced learner autonomy in revising written essays. The study demonstrated that AI feedback indeed supported writing skill development and strengthened motivational drives among ESL learners. These findings also address a significant gap in literature pertaining to learner motivation in relation to AI-supported tools to improve writing coherence. Further research can be conducted across different AI writing tools and explore cross-contextual implementations to determine the impact of AI-generated feedback on learners’ writing motivation and writing proficiency.
Mohamad Sufian Hasim, Mohd Zulakhmar Zakiyudin
This review explores innovative technological solutions and sustainable management strategies transforming building maintenance toward smarter and more environmentally responsible practices. It highlights the integration of AI, digital twins, IoT, robotics, and blockchain in enhancing predictive maintenance, real-time monitoring, and data security. The document emphasizes the importance of sustainable strategies including lean maintenance, energy optimization, and stakeholder engagement to promote efficiency and social benefits. Additionally, it underscores operational decision-making supported by data analytics, multi-criteria frameworks, and user feedback, alongside challenges such as organizational readiness and data fragmentation. Future research is directed toward socio-technical integration, real-world validation, and advancing smart city initiatives, aiming to create resilient and sustainable built environments.
Joy Ejih Idakwoji, Nubaye Victor Sokowoncin, Olagunju, Tosin Samson
This paper delves into the complex and fascinating realm of word formation in language, with a particular emphasis on compounding and affixation in Bassa-Nge. By exploring the intricacies of these morphological processes, this research provides a nuanced understanding of how words are formed, modified, and used in communication. The study examines the theoretical foundations of compounding and affixation, tracing their evolution and development in the Bassa-Nge language. It also investigates the cognitive, social, and cultural factors that influence the use of these word formation strategies, highlighting their significance in shaping the lexicon and grammar of Bassa-Nge. This paper investigates various aspects of compounding and affixation, including types of compounds: phonologically conditioned, endocentric, exocentric, and numerical compounds. It also explains the affixation processes present in the language: prefixes, infixes, and suffixes, and their effects on word meaning. Although English barely makes use of infixes, Bassa-Nge lends itself to this process of affixation. Morphological analysis is carried out to break down words into their constituent morphemes to understand their internal structure, meaning, and relationships. Hockett (1954)’s Item and Arrangement and Word and Paradigm models are employed in the morphological analysis. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of word formation strategies in language, providing valuable insights for linguists, language teachers, and language learners.
Dr. Tuntufye Mwenisongole, Geofrey Chambo
Guidance and counseling has grown up to become a part and parcel in teaching and learning world. However, in some parts of the world Christian guidance and counseling services are still lagging behind albeit recognizing it's utility, this paper evaluates the current state of Christian counseling services in secondary school in Malawi based on a review of various research studies, literature, and documents that examine the availability and impact of Christian guidance and counseling in promoting student's well-being in both public and private secondary school in Malawi, as provided by Christian practitioners. The study uses humanistic learning theory which understands the need to create conducive learning environment in schools which are also accessible through effective guidance and counseling services and facilities. This paper opens our insight to the fact that Christian guidance and counseling services available not only in Malawi but also across the world are career counseling, induction counseling, academic counseling, spiritual as well as referral counseling. The facilities available are problem checklist card, guidance and counseling office, counseling records book, guidance and counseling guideline counselors’ scheme of work, file cabinet, availability of teachers/guidance and counseling staff and library books. However it has been noted that the series and facilities are largely absent in most secondary school because the necessary infrastructure and components related to Christian guidance and counseling services are missing in many schools. The study recommends the Christian delegates, government and education overseers to find possible strategy to improve the status of Christian guidance and counseling services and facilities available in secondary school should complement one another in the quest to effectively implement guidance and counseling services in schools.
Emmanuel S. I. Ejere., Manasseh E. Bassey., Tamunotonye Felix Owubokiri
This study examined the degree to which the Russian-Ukraine conflicts impacted on global food security given that these two countries are major exporters of food and other commodities globally. The Intractable Conflict Theory which offers insights into why certain conflicts persist, like the one between Russia and Ukraine was applied to explain this study. The historical and descriptive research methods were utilised for this study. The design allowed the researcher the opportunity of obtaining data from secondary sources for literature and thematic analysis of the study. The study found amongst others that the prices of all the commodities shot up due to two factors. The prices of agricultural commodities like wheat, sunflower oil, maize as at January 2022 before that war, when compared to March 2022 indicated a sharp increase, which was a direct impact of the Russia-Ukraine war. In view of the above, it was recommended amongst others that all political leaders should seek for ways to ensure that peace returns to this region, especially when seen from the implications of this war for food insecurity on a global scale due to low production and poor supply chain.
Allyza D. Ramirez, Anton C. Aparente, Jaymar D. Cervantes, Lance G. Toldo, Marian G. Buo, Mickie Jhesney Guma, Mikaella S. Quinazo, Oscar S. Recto, Jr
Understanding the learning styles of Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) students is essential for aligning instruction with how learners process academic and practical tasks. This study utilized a quantitative-descriptive design and the Grasha–Riechmann Student Learning Styles Scale (GRSLSS) to assess the learning preferences of 213 Grade 11 and 12 TVL students selected through stratified sampling, with analysis based on frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Results showed that the Collaborative learning style was the dominant preference in both grade levels, recording the highest frequencies in Grade 11 (31) and Grade 12 (34) compared with other styles, followed by Participative (Grade 11 = 28) and Independent (Grade 11 = 21; Grade 12 = 23) styles. Across strands, Collaborative was also consistently highest, appearing as the top style in multiple groups such as FCS 1A (5), FCS 1B (5), FCS 2A (7), FCS 2B (3), ICT (2), IA 2 (5), HE 1 (13), HE 2 (8), and EIM (8). In contrast, Avoidant showed the lowest presence across strands, registering 0 in several groups (e.g., FCS 1A, FCS 2B, IA 2) and minimal frequencies elsewhere. These findings indicate that TVL learners prefer group work, peer interaction, and shared problem-solving. Thus, the study concludes that instructional strategies should emphasize collaborative and participatory approaches that align with the dominant learning style patterns across grade levels and strands.
Rajesh Nagare
This study investigates the role of apprenticeship scheme initiatives in fostering sustainable organizational practices within the Pune district—a prominent automotive hub in India. Drawing on empirical evidence from leading automotive firms, the research explores how structured apprenticeship programs contribute to long-term sustainability by enhancing workforce capabilities, promoting inclusive growth, and embedding adaptive learning cultures. The findings reveal that apprenticeship schemes serve as critical enablers of human capital development, bridging the skill gap between academic training and industrial requirements. These initiatives not only improve operational efficiency and innovation capacity but also reinforce corporate social responsibility by offering equitable employment pathways to youth. Moreover, the integration of apprentices into core production and maintenance functions has shown to reduce turnover rates, improve safety compliance, and support lean manufacturing goals—key pillars of sustainable industrial performance. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights from HR managers, apprentices, and sustainability officers. It highlights the strategic alignment between apprenticeship frameworks and sustainability objectives, particularly in areas such as resource optimization, employee engagement, and community development. The paper concludes by recommending policy enhancements and industry collaborations to scale apprenticeship models, thereby reinforcing the sustainability agenda across the automotive sector.
Anjanette B. Baal, Edriane Jay L. Dimanarig, Gilbert A. Peñales, Lanie C. Odones
The purpose of this research was the investigation of faculty self-efficacy of part-time instructors in the College of Engineering and Architecture and the identification of its correlation with such determinants as age, teaching experience, and academic position. Based on the Teachers Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES), the study aimed at evaluating faculty confidence in 3 main areas: the engagement of students, teaching methods, and classroom management. The study was also aimed at creating knowledge that would be useful in designing evidence-based faculty training and support programs in the college. The type of research design was descriptive-correlational research design whereby a complete listing of part-time faculty members (n=20) that met the inclusion criteria was conducted. The standardized TSES questionnaire was used in the collection of data, which were analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and correlation analysis to show the possible variability or relationship between demographic groups. The findings indicated that the faculty self-efficacy was mostly high across the areas of measure. Instructional strategies produced the best mean score (M = 6.34), which indicates a good level of confidence in teaching lessons and supporting learning. In the meantime, the student engagement mean registered the lowest value (M = 6.12), which implies that they could have improved it relatively. Despite the fact that there were some minor differences that were observed among different age groups, different levels of teaching experience, and various academic ranks, the statistical tests revealed that there were no significant differences and thus the null hypothesis was accepted. Results suggest that the faculty staff exhibits good professional competence irrespective of the demographic profiles. The research suggests specific professional training programs focusing on approaches to enhanced student engagement, along with differentiated mentorship and systematic training to further increase the teaching effectiveness in the college.
Ashvin Wickramasooriya, Navoda Ranasinghe
The core objective of this research is to leverage geospatial technology for assessing flood risk in Sri Lanka's Ratnapura district while also examining the socioeconomic ramifications of flood occurrences in the area. Situated in Sri Lanka's central highlands, Ratnapura faces significant flood vulnerability, notably during the Southwest monsoon period spanning from May to September. Through a comprehensive consideration of influential factors in flood occurrences and the utilization of the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis method, a flood risk map of the Ratnapura district has been constructed using ArcGIS 10.3 software. Analysis of the flood risk map indicates that 15.4% of the district is classified as having a very high flood risk, while roughly 31.5% is deemed to have low risk. Furthermore, overlaying thematic layers for road networks, buildings, land use, and settlements with the flood risk thematic layer reveals that approximately 4,000 human settlements, 1,200 main buildings, 35 schools, 100,000 acres of cultivated land, and 190 kilometres of major roads are situated in areas characterized by very high flood risk. Consequently, this scenario presents various socioeconomic challenges, including loss of life, damage to infrastructure, destruction of crops, and harm to livestock. Therefore, it is imperative to introduce effective flood mitigation measures, develop comprehensive flood management strategies, and promptly implement them. This proactive approach is crucial for minimizing the socioeconomic impact of future flood events in the region.
Ayodele, G. C., Elega, J. O., Samuel S.
This study assessed the cost structure, profitability and determinants of post-harvest losses (PHL) across cassava value chain actors in Kogi State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from 194 respondents comprising farmers (78), processors (58), traders (39) and transporters (19). Descriptive statistics, enterprise budgeting, Kendall’s coefficient and a multinomial logit model were used to analyze the data in line with the stated objectives. Results showed that medium PHL levels (11–20%) dominated at 42.3%, while 27.3% of actors experienced high losses exceeding 20%. Delayed processing was the most reported cause of PHL (64.4%), followed by poor storage (49.5%) and mechanical damage (33.5%). Cost and profitability analysis indicated that farmers earned a net income of ₦240,100 with a benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 1.48, while processors recorded ₦105,500 (BCR=1.46). Traders realized a modest net income of ₦16,000 (BCR=1.20), whereas transporters operated at a loss (–₦23,200, BCR=0.70) due to high operational and maintenance costs. The multinomial logit results showed that improved varieties significantly reduced the likelihood of high PHL (–0.981, p<0.01), while mechanized handling (–0.644, p < 0.05) and access to extension (–0.793, p<0.01) also had strong mitigating effects. Conversely, storage duration (0.487, p < 0.01), transport cost (0.00038, p<0.01) and distance to market (0.114, p<0.05) significantly increased loss severity. Kendall’s coefficient (W) (0.61, p<0.01) confirmed strong agreement on constraint ranking, with transportation cost, poor road network and high input prices most severe. The study therefore concludes that targeted investments in rural infrastructure, mechanization, improved storage systems and strengthened extension services are critical to reducing PHL and enhancing cassava value chain competitiveness in Kogi State, Nigeria.
Chiara Scognamiglio, Enrico Moretto, Lucia Luciana Mosca, Raffaele Sperandeo, Simona Durante, Valeria Cioffi
Background/Objectives: Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) refers to any form of intention- ally self-inflicted injury aimed at achieving psychological relief. This phenomenon inten- sified following the COVID-19 pandemic, which saw a rise in new psychopathological onsets, particularly among the adolescent population. The objective of this review is to understand to what extent NSSI acts represent, for young individuals, an attempt at emo- tional self-regulation and a coping strategy to deal with unpleasant or intolerable emo- tional experiences, and how attachment bonds may serve as predictive factors for the on- set of such behaviors Methods: a scoping review accordings Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol was conducted Results: Following the analysis of the materials selected in the literature, a strong association was found be- tween deficits in emotional regulation and self-injurious behaviors Conclusions: This lit- erature review has shown that adolescents’ use of NSSI can be understood as an attempt to contain emotional distress when faced with significant difficulties in emotional regulation and coping strategies.
Karima Ghzaiel, Mehdi Hajri
This research aims to present original perspectives on stakeholders' perceptions of AI integration in higher education and understand how this transition could contribute to enhancing graduates' skills and employability. It adopts an integrative qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews and focus groups with various stakeholders (teachers, experts, decision-makers, professionals, students) to which we have added contextualized scenarios. The results indicate that AI promotes personalisation, efficiency and information accessibility, but raises concerns related to the decontextualisation of content, the cognitive dependency, the loss of human interaction and the risks of algorithmic injustice and exclusion, particularly in assessment and recruitment. The findings indicate that AI is deeply transforming teaching practices, competence requirements, and institutional processes. The study calls for stronger regulation and a “human-in-the-loop” approach to ensuring ethical and inclusive integration.
Aineah W. Wambasi, Bethuel Misati Momanyi, Grace N. Orado
This study investigated the availability and accessibility of computers and ICT resources for teaching and learning Chemistry in public secondary schools in Nyamira County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey design involving 404 Form Three students, 21 Chemistry teachers, and 15 school principals selected through stratified, purposive, and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and observation schedules, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Findings revealed that most schools had inadequate ICT infrastructure, including limited numbers of functional computers, insufficient internet connectivity, lack of subject-specific software, and constrained access to computer laboratories. Students and teachers reported limited opportunities to use ICT during Chemistry lessons due to lab congestion, inadequate technical support, and competing departmental demand for the same ICT facilities. The study concludes that availability and accessibility of ICT resources remain significantly below the level required for effective computer-integrated Chemistry instruction. The study recommends increased ICT investments, targeted allocation for technological based instruction in science subjects, and enhanced support systems to expand access and promote meaningful technology use in Chemistry teaching.
Aslinda Hassan, Mas Nida Md Khambari, Najwan Khambari, Nurul Azma Zakaria, Taqwan Thamrin, Wan Mohd Yaakob Wan Bejuri1
The rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has been accompanied by both opportunities and challenges, with its effective adoption being largely dependent on how well AI is understood by educators and how accurately its capabilities and limitations are perceived. Existing studies have shown that awareness levels are inconsistent and that widespread misconceptions are held across different educational levels and geographical regions, with greater familiarity being reported by higher-education lecturers compared to primary and secondary school teachers. Misconceptions such as the belief that AI will replace human teachers, assumptions that AI possesses human-like intelligence, concerns regarding the dehumanization of learning, and anxieties related to data privacy have been found to hinder meaningful AI integration in educational practice. In this study, contemporary literature on educators’ awareness and misconceptions of AI has been synthesised through a narrative review of publications published between 2020 and 2025, and patterns of awareness, dominant misconceptions, and factors influencing AI adoption have been analysed. Findings indicate that awareness remains highly variable, misconceptions persist across contexts, and institutional support, digital literacy, and access to professional development are significant determinants of educators’ readiness to use AI. Based on these insights, it is suggested that targeted AI literacy initiatives, structured professional development, and clear institutional policies are urgently required to dispel misconceptions and promote ethical, confident, and responsible use of AI in education. This review is expected to contribute to ongoing scholarly and policy discussions by providing evidence-based guidance for policymakers, institutions, and training providers to strengthen educators’ preparedness for AI-enhanced teaching and learning.
Florencio P. Karaan Jr, Honorio C. Anora, Janine Joy L. Tenerife-Cañete, Lilibeth C. Pinili, Randy C. Mangubat, Raymond C. Espina, Reylan G. Capuno, Veronica O. Calasang
This study assessed the awareness and preparedness of public elementary school teachers in Tagbilaran City Division regarding Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) for special education learners within inclusive settings during the 2025-2026 school year. It was guided by Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory, Social Constructivist Theory, Transformative Learning Theory, and Philippine inclusive education laws (R.A. 9442, R.A. 10533, R.A. 11650, and DepEd Order No. 44, series of 2021). Using a descriptive correlational design and convenience sampling, 45 teachers from three public schools in the Tagbilaran City division participated. Results showed moderate overall awareness; teachers were somewhat knowledgeable about key IEP components, except in the areas of monitoring and evaluation, where significant gaps were identified. Teachers understood learner needs and barriers but lacked expertise in assessment, goal-setting, collaboration with specialists and families, and practical monitoring. Preparedness to implement IEPs was also moderate, with weaknesses in IEP development, goal implementation, and progress tracking. However, teachers demonstrated stronger preparedness in collaboration, parental involvement, the use of assistive technology, material adaptation, and engagement in professional development. A significant positive correlation was found between teachers’ level of awareness and their extent of preparedness, indicating that increased knowledge enhances teachers’ ability to effectively carry out IEP responsibilities. These findings highlight the need for targeted professional development to address critical gaps in practical IEP processes like monitoring, evaluation, and individualized instructional planning. Improving teacher knowledge and skills is crucial to enhancing the quality and effectiveness of IEP implementation, ultimately supporting special education learners in inclusive classrooms.
Chona D. Ramos, Dr. Jimboy B. Pagalilauan
This study investigated the different barriers that students at Cavite State University encounter when learning a foreign language, paying close attention to cognitive, affective, instructional, and environmental factors. Using a descriptive–comparative quantitative design, the researchers surveyed 276 students from various programs offering foreign language courses, selected through a combination of stratified random sampling and convenience sampling. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire that was reviewed by language experts and tested for reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. The results revealed that most students had only limited prior exposure to foreign languages, which may have contributed to the difficulties they experienced. Among the four categories, cognitive (M = 2.70) and affective barriers (M = 2.51) were the most pronounced. Many students reported struggling with vocabulary retention, understanding grammar structures, and managing anxiety or embarrassment when speaking in a foreign language. Instructional (M = 2.06) and environmental barriers (M = 2.38) were rated lower, although students consistently noted that the lack of opportunities to practice outside the classroom slowed down their progress.
Aminurasyed Mahpop, Asma Hakimah A. Halim
Boundary fences are central to neighbour relations in Malaysia, yet they exist within a fragmented and largely unregulated legal framework. The National Land Code 1965 is silent on fence-related obligations, and municipal by-laws regulate only technical aspects, leaving substantive responsibilities undefined. This gap—combined with institutional fragmentation and reliance on private negotiation—produces frequent disputes and inconsistent outcomes. Using Property Rights Theory, Neighbour Law, and Regulatory Governance Theory, this article analyses Malaysia’s legal deficiencies and compares them with established frameworks in Australia, the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The comparative insights illustrate how structured procedures, cost-sharing rules, and accessible tribunals reduce conflict. The article proposes a multi-tiered reform model, including a Boundary Fences Act, harmonised national standards, notice-and-consent mechanisms, and tribunal-based dispute resolution. A coherent regulatory framework is essential for promoting legal certainty, neighbour harmony, and effective governance in Malaysia’s urban residential environment.
Anabelle T. Pantaleon, Cashmere D. Enriquez, Janine Joy L. Tenerife-Cañete, Lilibeth C. Pinili, Randy C. Mangubat, Raymond C. Espina, Reylan G. Capuno, Veronica O. Calasang
This study assessed the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAPs) of non-SpEd teachers regarding inclusive education implementation and examined the relationships among these variables at Talavera Elementary School for the School Year 2025–2026. Utilizing a quantitative, descriptive-correlational research design, the study gathered data from 30 non-SpEd teachers selected through purposive sampling. The findings revealed that the teachers exhibited a moderate level of knowledge (Mean = 3.22) about inclusive education principles, suggesting familiarity but limited mastery of technical strategies. However, they demonstrated a positive attitude and reported highly inclusive practices in their classrooms. Crucially, the correlation analysis showed no significant relationship among the study variables (Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice). This implies that the teachers’ foundational knowledge and positive outlook do not automatically translate into consistent or effective application of inclusive strategies, highlighting a gap between willingness and practical competence, likely due to a lack of sustained training or institutional support. The study concludes that while non-SpEd teachers at Talavera Elementary School are committed to inclusion, their moderate knowledge level and the non-significant correlation among KAPs demand intervention. The results serve as the basis for a proposed School-Based Action Plan focused on continuous professional development, hands-on coaching, and resource provision to bridge the gap and strengthen the consistent implementation of inclusive education practices.
Christian A. Escuro, Christopher A. Britanico, Kurt Sid Marione P. Estrebillo Bill, Nelia A. Britanico
This study explores the reasons people get tattooed, the lingering societal prejudice regarding body art, and its impact on careers in the Philippines. Applying a phenomenological framework, data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and online surveys with professionals who have tattoos, human resource (HR) practitioners, as well as college students. Results indicate that while younger individuals perceive tattoos more as self-expression than ever before, professional stigma is still highly prevalent in conservative sectors. This research rests on Andrea Salvini's (2010) Symbolic Interaction Theory, Mitchell Green's (2010) Self-Expression Theory, and Link and Phelan’s (2001) Theory of Stigma. Thus far, the study has led to the creation of an awareness magazine “INKclusivity” which aims at promoting inclusivity within work environments.
Nabihah Alia Abd Rahman
China’s rapid economic growth has increased interest in learning Chinese, including among Malaysian students, yet Chinese is often perceived as one of the most difficult foreign languages for learners from alphabetic language backgrounds, contributing to heightened anxiety, particularly in public speaking. This cross‑sectional survey study investigated the psychological and physiological indicators underlying students’ anxiety, as well as the strategies they employ to manage it during public speaking tasks in Chinese as a foreign language. Participants were 122 students enrolled in Chinese language courses at a public university on the east coast of Malaysia, and data were collected using a Likert‑scale questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. The findings indicate that key psychological indicators include feelings of tension, anxiety, and fear of forgetting the script, while major physiological indicators involve rapid heartbeat and discomfort prior to speaking. Overall, students reported a moderate level of anxiety, supported by various coping strategies such as repeated practice, careful selection of familiar vocabulary, and thorough preparation of speech content. The study recommends that educators reinforce these existing strategies and develop new pedagogical approaches to further enhance students’ confidence and public speaking competence in Chinese, with important implications for producing competitive graduates in an era of globalization.
Laika Kinyuy Anita
The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into network security has enabled significant innovations in intrusion detection, threat classification, and the application of access controls. Although these advantages exist, AI models are susceptible to systemic bias and can pose a significant threat to data privacy when implemented at scale. In this paper, statistical analysis of bias, privacy leakage, and discriminatory consequences in AI-based network threat detection systems is provided based on a synthetic data-set that is simulated on a real-world corpus of intrusion detection. Findings have shown that (1) biased training data cause unrepresentative false-positive and false-negative rates across user groups, (2) the models that are not trained with privacy-preserving mechanisms have quantifiable privacy leakage through membership inference attacks, and (3) the results of algorithmic decisions are unequal between geographic and demographic groups based on data imbalance. These results highlight the need for a representative data-set, differentiated privacy, strong security measures, and clear ethical standards to prevent harm. The research provides a systematic framework for how auditors should conduct bias and privacy vulnerability audits in the context of network security enabled by AI.
Hashif Aizad Hasrudi, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Muhammad Qurtubi Kamruldzaman, Muhammad Thaqif Rusyaidi Tarmizi, Raja Sara Nabila Raja Shaiffulizam, Yuliana Ashikin Yusaini, Zahid Zulkifli
As the world is combating climate change, a lot of countries have started to make key changes in using alternative energy such as biogas in order to reduce carbon footprint and protect the environment better. Lacking approaches on international level and proper governance and regulation on biogas makes a significant difference as shown in this article. This study compares the approaches taken by Thailand and Malaysia in utilising biogas as one of the means as both of them are having almost similar capabilities in having biogas energy. Findings reveals a more proactive governance and comprehensive framework of Thailand as compared to Malaysia for the biomass development through consistent Feed-in Tariff incentives, investment support and the active participation through the adoption of international mechanisms.
Cheah Chin Yee, Mariatul Liza Meor Gheda, Mohd Tajuzzaman Bin Hassanor, Nurul Fairuz Buang, Suhaila Abdul Hamid
Sustainable construction is gaining traction globally, yet its adoption in Malaysia remains uneven, particularly within the residential sector. In rapidly expanding urban hubs like Johor Bahru, the transition to sustainable housing is frequently stalled by financial apprehensions. This study aims to identify specific cost-related barriers hindering sustainable residential projects and evaluate practical mitigation measures to overcome them. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 63 construction practitioners, including contractors, consultants, and developers in Johor Bahru. Respondents were selected via non-probability purposive sampling from professional industry directories. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the Relative Importance Index (RII) to rank the criticality of barriers and the effectiveness of strategies. The results indicate that perceived risks and uncertainty regarding the financial and technical performance of sustainable buildings constitute the most critical barrier (RII = 0.898). This is closely followed by financial constraints of clients/contractors and limited access to capital. Conversely, government investment, local production of green materials, and accessible green financing emerged as the most effective strategies to mitigate these costs. The study suggests that overcoming cost walls requires a coordinated approach. Policymakers must move beyond advocacy to provide tangible financial mechanisms, while the industry must strengthen local supply chains to reduce reliance on expensive imported green materials. While previous studies have examined national-level barriers, this research offers context-specific empirical evidence for Johor Bahru’s residential sector, providing targeted recommendations for developers and policymakers operating in high-growth urban environments.
Joel T. Aclao, Rey Ann Mae R. Montanez
Although school leadership is a key contributor to the reform process of the school, most new school heads in the Philippines take their roles without proper, equal and coherent preparation, which this study aims to accommodate with comparative policy analysis. This paper provided a comparative study of the leadership development programs of newly appointed school heads in the Philippines with a view to finding out gaps in the policy and implementation as practiced in the region. The study employed a qualitative policy analysis research design that entailed an AI-aided review of official documents published by DepEd, NEAP, and the CSC based on the framework suggested by Cardno (2018). Being a document-based research study, there were no human participant ethical procedures, which followed the principles of academic integrity. The results showed that there were major differences in the design and delivery of programs on a regional basis. Although most of the programs have proven to be consistent with the Philippine Professional Standards of School Heads (PPSSH), there has been a lack of cohesiveness between such important aspects of digital leadership as Social Emotional Learning (SEL), Gender Equity and Social Inclusion (GESI), and digital leadership. Among the main issues were ineffective mentoring and monitoring procedures, unequal access, and the unstructured post-training support that in turn limited the effectiveness and sustainability of programs. The research findings conclude that successful development of leadership requires contextualized presentation, inclusive development, and ongoing assistance. It suggests system-wide changes to institutionalize SEL, GESI, and digital competencies, entrench effective mentoring systems and M&E, and equitable access. These measures are necessary to develop a flexible, visionary school leadership pipeline that is in line with the national standards and global SDGs.
Ibrahim, S. N. K. A, Ismael, S. N
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are transforming personalized marketing by enabling immersive, interactive, and data-driven consumer experiences. These technologies, collectively referred to as Extended Reality (XR), are redefining customer engagement, brand loyalty, and purchasing behavior. AR enhances real-world environments by overlaying digital content, allowing for virtual product try-ons and interactive advertisements. Meanwhile, VR provides fully immersive experiences that strengthen emotional brand connections through virtual storefronts, simulations, and storytelling. This paper explores the integration of AR/VR in personalized marketing strategies, highlighting their applications in retail, tourism, and advertising. Businesses are leveraging these technologies to create tailored experiences that cater to individual consumer preferences, enhancing satisfaction and conversion rates. The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing AR/VR interactions further enhances personalization by analyzing consumer data to deliver highly customized content. Despite the significant advantages, challenges such as high development costs, privacy concerns, and hardware limitations hinder widespread adoption. However, continuous advancements in AI, data analytics, and user experience optimization are driving broader implementation. The findings suggest that strategic investment in AR/VR will be crucial for businesses aiming to maintain a competitive edge in an increasingly digital marketplace.
Ibrahim, S.N.K.A, Ismael, S. N.
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are transforming personalized marketing by enabling immersive, interactive, and data-driven consumer experiences. These technologies, collectively referred to as Extended Reality (XR), are redefining customer engagement, brand loyalty, and purchasing behavior. AR enhances real-world environments by overlaying digital content, allowing for virtual product try-ons and interactive advertisements. Meanwhile, VR provides fully immersive experiences that strengthen emotional brand connections through virtual storefronts, simulations, and storytelling. This paper explores the integration of AR/VR in personalized marketing strategies, highlighting their applications in retail, tourism, and advertising. Businesses are leveraging these technologies to create tailored experiences that cater to individual consumer preferences, enhancing satisfaction and conversion rates. The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing AR/VR interactions further enhances personalization by analyzing consumer data to deliver highly customized content. Despite the significant advantages, challenges such as high development costs, privacy concerns, and hardware limitations hinder widespread adoption. However, continuous advancements in AI, data analytics, and user experience optimization are driving broader implementation. The findings suggest that strategic investment in AR/VR will be crucial for businesses aiming to maintain a competitive edge in an increasingly digital marketplace.
Linus Kirimi Ngaine
The study focused on Bridging the Digital Divide in Kenyan Public Universities: An Appraisal of ICT and Artificial Intelligence Readiness for Fostering Inclusive Pedagogy and Sustainable Development in Education. This study examined ICT and AI readiness across 10 selected public universities in Kenya, focusing on infrastructure quality, faculty competencies, institutional support, and the relationship between preparedness and teaching effectiveness. Anchored in the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) and Diffusion of Innovations theory (Rogers, 1962; 2003), the study adopted a descriptive survey and correlational design. The respondents of the study included; faculty members and administrators. Data were collected from 480 respondents (360 faculty and 120 administrators) using questionnaires and interviews, with both quantitative and qualitative analyses employed. Findings reveal that while faculty demonstrate moderate digital literacy competencies, advanced skills such as digital content creation and AI integration remain limited. Institutional support, including policies, infrastructure, and professional development opportunities, was rated as moderate. Importantly, results show a significant positive correlation (r = .452, p < .001) between faculty preparedness and teaching effectiveness, emphasizing on the centrality of human capacity development in digital adoption. The study concludes that while ICT infrastructure in Kenyan universities has moderately advanced, AI preparedness lags, threatening inclusive and equitable digital transformation. It recommends sustained investment in ICT infrastructure, structured AI-focused training, continuous professional development, and robust institutional policies to strengthen digital ecosystems in higher education.
Shahriza Ilyana Ramli
Public perception of police integrity has emerged as a critical concern for governments and law enforcement agencies, particularly in the context of increasing public scrutiny, high-profile incidents of misconduct, and declining trust in policing institutions worldwide. Integrity, encompassing fairness, transparency, and accountability, forms the foundation of police legitimacy. Yet, perceptions of integrity remain uneven across societies, shaped by cultural, institutional, and experiential factors. This study addresses the need for a systematic understanding of how police integrity is perceived, the factors influencing these perceptions, and the consequences for public trust and legitimacy. The aim of this study is to analyse the research landscape on public perceptions of police integrity through a data-driven review using Scopus AI analytics. The methodology involved systematic mapping of published literature, drawing on outputs such as summary and expanded synthesis, concept maps, topic expert identification, and the detection of emerging themes. This approach enabled a comprehensive overview of scholarly patterns, comparative perspectives, and thematic developments in the field. Findings reveal that perceptions of police integrity are consistently influenced by procedural justice, officer characteristics, accountability mechanisms, and media representations. Comparative studies highlight cross-national variations, with integrity understood and evaluated differently across cultural and political contexts. Consequential studies show that negative perceptions significantly undermine trust, legitimacy, and willingness to cooperate with law enforcement, while accountability and procedural fairness enhance confidence. Emerging themes indicate growing scholarly attention to media narratives, technological accountability tools such as body-worn cameras, and the role of transparency in digital societies. The implications of this review are both theoretical and practical. Theoretically, it reinforces the centrality of procedural justice frameworks while emphasizing the need for cross-cultural refinement. Practically, it underscores the importance of investing in accountability reforms, cultural competence training, and media engagement strategies to bridge the trust gap. Collectively, the study contributes to an integrated understanding of public perceptions of police integrity and provides a roadmap for strengthening legitimacy in law enforcement.
Abdul Rahman Safian, Chamil Arkhasa Nikko Mazlan, Li Wei
This mini review critically examines the evolution and pedagogical transformation of the Bel Canto singing method within Chinese university music programs. While Bel Canto, rooted in Italian opera, has long symbolized vocal refinement, its integration into Chinese higher education raises complex questions of cultural translation, artistic authenticity, and pedagogical ownership. Drawing on empirical and theoretical studies published between 2020 and 2025, this paper synthesizes interdisciplinary perspectives spanning acoustic science, technological mediation, intercultural pedagogy, and decolonial music education. Findings reveal that Bel Canto’s adaptation in China extends beyond technical imitation to a transcultural process of negotiation. Digital tools such as AI and IoT technologies have enhanced vocal precision and feedback mechanisms, yet their value depends on educators’ capacity for ethical and culturally responsive application. Gender-sensitive and personality-oriented pedagogies further demonstrate the need for individualized, inclusive learning practices. The paper conceptualizes Bel Canto as a transcultural pedagogy of voice: a framework that interweaves embodied technique, dialogical culture, ethical reflexivity, and technological mediation. Through a micro–meso–macro analysis of classroom, institutional, and policy levels, the study proposes a model for culturally sustainable vocal education that bridges Western and Chinese traditions while fostering mutual enrichment rather than assimilation.
Dr. Manoji Harischandra, Dr. S. Ilangakoon
From the origin of the Indian philosophy up to the present development, the philosophical discussion of the nature of cosmology has been playing a crucial role in understanding the universe. Both Hindu and Buddhist philosophical traditions unanimously agree upon the vastness of the universe, hence using different methodologies to know the universe had been introduced by them concerning the limit of human experiential knowledge. On one hand the human life span seems insufficient to gain the complete knowledge of the universe. On the other, the universe seems endless through the empirical knowledge and they were frustrated by the fact of the eternality of the universe. However, this fact laid for more search on the universe due to the curiosity to know the world. Eternality became a philosophical issue both in time and space dimensions. If the cosmos is eternal in the time, the implication arrived by them was the beginningless and endless of it. If the cosmos is treated as eternal in terms of space, what was implied was the beginningless and endless in both directions. Even though there had been a number of efforts to understand the universe, due to above difficulties it was impossible to have a complete knowledge of it. To alleviate them, Both Hindu and Buddhist traditions implemented the reduction method as a strategy. For instance, the universe had been depicted through the macrocosm, yet it can be perceived by microcosm of the individuality. The Buddha also had shown the futility of searching the universe, yet affirmed that it can be known by an analogy of the individual. Here, the term reductionism is being using for the method of analogies in understanding the universe. This research paper expects to elucidate comparatively this unique methodology used by the both traditions.
Jantsansambuu Baatar, Purevdulam Altantsetseg, Sarantuya Erdenedavaa, Tsevegjav Munkhdelger
Mongolia acceded to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990 and ratified the additional protocols on child protection. The issue of strengthening the child protection system and ensuring the quality and accessibility of care services for children at risk continues to be a global and national concern. Internationally, child rights and child protection activities are considered comprehensively, and international aid organizations cooperate to ensure child development, provide financial support, pay great attention to improving child development training and knowledge, support and assistance to children in remote areas of Mongolia, and regularly conduct research on the problems facing the implementation of the child protection system. In Mongolia, there are mechanisms and structures for resolving child rights and protection issues at the national, local and primary unit levels, and government agencies, as well as non-governmental organizations, and various projects and activities for children's rights are implemented, but there are still many cases of child rights violations and child protection exclusion in the family, school, kindergarten, social and online environments. The purpose of this study is to study the policy, system and implementation of child protection in Mongolia.
Ashade,Oladimeji Abiodun (PhD), Osawe, Cyril Onyepuemu (PhD), Salau, Adeyemi Nurudeen (PhD)
Bureaucracy was conceived to be an instrument of development and good governance by providing fair mechanisms for service delivery. Bureaucracy is a system of organization used to describe the authority relationships among employees of a public sector organization; and the methods or approached adopt by government towards implementation of public policies or programmes. In line with the above, Okafor (2005) defines bureaucracy as that machinery of government designed to execute the decisions and policies made by political office holders Bureaucracy in an administrative structure design that depict the characteristics of government institutions that are involve in the implementation of government programmes According to Eme and Onwuka (2010), bureaucracy does not cover political appointees such as ministers and advisers or members of the judiciary either at the federal, state and local government tiers of government. Political office holders make policies while bureaucracy implements it.
Hesborn Chonge, Njeri Kiaritha, Ruth Okapi
Cancel culture, broadly defined as the collective withdrawal of support, trust, or acceptance from an individual or group in response to perceived transgressions, has become increasingly visible in educational institutions. While often framed as a tool for accountability, it also functions as a form of social exclusion that shapes the psychosocial experiences of students. This paper explores the implications of cancel culture as a stressor, with particular attention to its impact on student resilience and coping. Drawing on existing qualitative research, theoretical perspectives on resilience, and psychological frameworks of stress and coping, this literature review interrogates how students experience, interpret, and navigate the pressures of cancellation in academic settings. The review highlights three key dimensions: The psychological impact of cancel culture on identity, belonging, and self-esteem; the coping strategies (adaptive and maladaptive) that students employ when faced with reputational threats and peer rejection; and the role of institutional culture in either amplifying or buffering these stressors. By synthesizing insights from psychology and sociocultural studies, the paper argues that cancel culture in schools and universities can act as both a catalyst for resilience and a risk factor for psychological distress. Ultimately, this duality raises a dilemma: should educational institutions treat cancel culture primarily as a legitimate form of student voice and accountability, or as a psychosocial hazard that undermines well-being?
Solomon Uloho Ijokoh
A thriving industrial sector is a critical and indispensable engine of growth as well as a crucial antidote to the challenges of unemployment and poverty in any economy. Recent statistics indicate that the industrial sector’s contribution to GDP in Nigeria remains suboptimal, despite policy measures geared at enhancing the sector’s growth due to insufficient capital. This study examined the nexus between capital market development and industrial sector growth in Nigeria between 1990 and 2023. The study adopted the ARDL and error correction model using time series data sourced from the annual statistical bulletin of Central Bank of Nigeria and the world bank development indicator (WDI). The findings showed that Stock Market Capitalization, Gross Fixed Capital Formation and Exchange rate positively and significantly impact on industrial sector growth both in the short and long run, indicating that as increase market capitalization is industrial sector growth inducing. These findings empirically underscore the pivotal role the capital market plays in the industrial sector’s development by mobilizing and channelling resources efficiently. Based on these findings, the study recommends that financial regulators and policy makers should device means to improve stock market performance and protect its fragile image, have an interest rate that will encourage investment in the country's industrial sector, reduce the cost of raising capital by firms and the bureaucratic delays limiting capital market efficiency. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) should also be more proactive in its surveillance role in order to check sharp practices which undermine capital market integrity and erode investors’ confidence.
Dr. Abu Tayub Md Nazmussakib Bhuyan
This article explores how Islam and Christianity address capital punishment within their sacred texts. While most research emphasizes legal, ethical, or social aspects, the theological and scriptural foundations remain underexamined. Using a comparative doctrinal approach, the study analyzes the Qur’an and Hadith and the Bible to examine how each tradition defines the legitimacy, purpose, and limits of the death penalty. It highlights the balance between divine justice and human imperfection, as well as tensions between retribution and restoration. The findings reveal both common themes, such as the moral function of punishment, and notable differences, particularly in the areas of mercy, forgiveness, and non-violence. By foregrounding these scriptural insights, the article deepens understanding of religious perspectives on justice and supports further comparative theological research.
Nadhirah Nordin, Syed Redzuan Syed Yusuf
The evolution of the global digital financial system is generating two main forms of digital currencies: a centralized currency system, such as Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), and a decentralized cryptocurrency system, like Bitcoin and Ether. This study aims to analyze the conceptual differences between the centralized (CBDC) and decentralized (Bitcoin and Ether) models and each operating mechanism. The study also examines how both models impact the stability of the economy and adherence to Shariah principles. Using the qualitative approach and exploratory design, the study examines materials on CBDC, Bitcoin, and Ether. The study collects data from central bank reports, monetary policy documents, academic articles, and technical papers published by relevant institutions. The content analysis method should identify similarities and differences between the currencies in terms of system architecture, infrastructure, technological efficiency, energy, governance and compatibility with Shariah principles. According to the study, CBDC, Bitcoin and Ether represent three distinct paradigms: Bitcoin's decentralized system, through proof-of-work, produces rather limited functionality to emphasise individual freedom and privacy, while Ether innovates the system via a switch to proof-of-stake and smart contracts, which leads to greater functionality. CBDC, on the other hand, maintains a centralized system to ensure monetary stability, but with a compromise on users' privacy. Hence, while maintaining the value of blockchain transparency and traceability without sacrificing economic stability, the study proposes a hybrid approach in order to improve transaction efficiency. The study suggests implementing a regulatory sandbox involving authorities, economists and Shariah experts as an initial test measure of this innovation to ensure security for users and compliance with the principles of Shariah in the development of a healthier digital financial ecosystem.
Diether A. Dela Torre, John Eijay G. Pasague, Junelyn P. Rubio, Kian B. Zuñiga, Mariela E. Flora, May-Ann R. Peñamora, Recel V. Siprioto
Pre service teacher play a dual role in teaching practice, both teacher and student. In the process of teaching practice, their experiences as novice teacher is often different from in-service teacher. This study aimed to determine the challenges faced by pre service teacher during their internship, as well as the coping mechanism they used to navigate the challenges. Employing the phenomenological design to focus on the essence of the pre service teacher experiences during their internship. Through purposive sampling, 15 participants that being a pre service teachers enrolled in the Bachelor of Secondary Education in one Private College in Quezon Province were chosen. The result reveal that pre service teachers came across with a number of challenges, especially the lesson planning, managing classroom dynamics, and reconciling academic obligations with the practical demands of their internship.
Chaila May L. Carmona, Dave Karl F. Cabal, Dexie B. Betonio, John Emmanuel L. Garay, Jose F. Cuevas Jr, Kristal May V. Maldepeña
This study examined the challenges faced by traffic enforcers in implementing traffic rules among non-compliant road users. Ten enforcers were interviewed using semi-structured methods, and data were analyzed with Moustakas' thematic approach. Six themes emerged: Resistance and Lack of Discipline among Road Users; Operational and Systemic Enforcement Challenges; Professionalism, Patience, and Respectful Communication; Enforcement through Citations and Penalties; Strengthening Traffic Education and Awareness Campaigns; and Consistent and Fair Enforcement of Traffic Regulations. Despite facing resistance, limited resources, and emotional stress, enforcers maintain discipline through patience and professionalism. The results emphasize that effective enforcement requires a balance of firm penalties, ongoing education, and fair implementation. To improve compliance, traffic agencies should enhance institutional support, training, technology use, and public awareness efforts.
Tapiwa Singini
Field placements are an integral component of social work education, offering students critical opportunities for experiential learning and professional development. Field placement provides an opportunity for students to use knowledge gained in the classroom to test and improve their skills through experience. In the process, they gain more knowledge, gain confidence by working with clients and confirm their skills. However social work students in Malawi face numerous challenges during field placement. This paper explores the experiences of social work students during their field placements in Malawi. Based on the interviews of twenty-two social work students from The Catholic University of Malawi who completed field placements in 2024 in different institutions such as non-governmental institutions, government agencies, not for profit organization and charity agencies, this research revealed that students encountered many ethical difficulties in field placements. Findings reveal that while field placements provide invaluable hands-on experience, challenges such as limited resources, cultural barriers, emotional burden, poor orientation and readiness, a disconnect between theory and practice, and inadequate supervision frequently hinder the learning process. These challenges significantly hinder students’ ability to develop practical skills, professional identity and confidence in applying classroom knowledge to real life situations. The study highlights the critical role of effective field education in bridging academic learning with professional practice. It underscores the need for improved collaboration between academic institutions and field agencies, better supervision structures, and preparatory training to support students’ readiness for placement. The findings have important implications for curriculum design, pedagogical approaches, and the overall quality of social work education and practice.
Mohammad Taufiq Abdul Ghani, Siti Nursyahmina Azmina Sheikh Mohd Zaidi
Multimedia teaching aids have become a critical component in contemporary education particularly in supporting engaging and student centred learning aligned with 21st-century pedagogical demands. However, trainee teachers continue to encounter challenges that hinder the effective integration of multimedia tools during teaching practicum. This qualitative case study explores the key challenges experienced by Arabic language trainee teachers in Malaysian secondary schools. Purposive sampling was used to select ten participants who were interviewed using semi-structured protocols and the data were thematically analysed with ATLAS.ti. Findings reveal seven interrelated challenges: insufficient facilities, non-conducive classroom environments, varied student reception, internet limitations, technical issues, limited teaching time and lack of guidance. The study contributes nuanced insights into the practical realities of multimedia-based pedagogy from a trainee teacher’s perspective, highlighting implications for teacher preparation programmes, institutional support mechanisms and policy development to strengthen technology enhanced teaching.
Wei Huang, Zainudin Hassan
This study applies structural functionalism to examine China's public-funded teacher education program and its effectiveness in rural teacher retention. Drawing on policy documents and in-depth rural teacher interviews, it explores how policy mechanisms interact with individual motivations and institutional structures. Despite increasing teacher supply, the program fails to sustain motivation and professional growth, revealing a fundamental misalignment between policy goals and teachers' personal aspirations. From a functionalist perspective, this misalignment produces systemic dysfunction: organizational overload, weak integration, and diminished sense of belonging. Moreover, limited career pathways and inadequate institutional support reduce goal attainment and system stability. The study argues that retention policies should move beyond short-term staffing solutions toward holistic career development frameworks that strengthen teachers' professional identity and organizational commitment. By situating rural teacher retention within a systemic and functionalist framework, this research contributes to understanding the structural and motivational dynamics shaping the sustainability of China's rural education policies.
Edna Namondo Njei, Nixon Kahjum Takor, René Ngek Monteh
Bamenda’s urban landscape is a paradox: a city planned on paper yet built in defiance of every plan. This study investigates the persistent challenges of urban planning in the Bamenda urban space from 1972 to 2020. It argues that the Bamenda urban space faced severe challenges in town planning, which were overwhelming and remained unresolved over the decades. The study made appeal to some selected primary and secondary sources, and conclusions were drawn after a qualitative historical analysis. The findings reveal that among the many challenges, the Anglophone problem/crisis stood out as the most significant obstacle to effective planning in Bamenda.
Govind Gaurav, Shruti Rathore
The Indo-Pacific has emerged as one of the most strategic and significant arenas of India’s foreign policy posture and priorities in recent years. The region represents a massive economic potential, encompassing major trade routes, resources, and growing markets. The region is also marred with various non-traditional security challenges, along with China’s expansionism and the great power rivalry between the United States (U.S.) and China. The recent imposition of steep and targeted tariffs by the U.S. on Indian goods in 2025 as a part of punitive measures against India’s Russian oil imports has induced a profound shift in India’s strategic posture. Being a major stakeholder and a potential leading power in the region, India is supposed to expedite its commitment to strategic autonomy, ensure regional balance, and promote a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific vision while ensuring a rule-based order in the region. Therefore, the paper aims at analysing the new contours of India’s foreign policy position amidst the growing turbulent India-U.S. relations. It further examines how India balances its regional ambitions by strengthening the India-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and diversifying its partnership with the European Union (EU), the strategic pragmatism displayed at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit 2025, and the reinforcement of India-Japan's partnership as a crucial technology and investment hedge in the Indo-Pacific. Thus, this paper indeed provides a strategic view of India’s shifted policy priorities in the Indo-Pacific.
Amadi Aroh, Onyia Eunice Onyinye, Onyia Maxwell Obinna
The study examined the socio-economic and cultural factors contributing to child marriage in selected Local Government Areas of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Despite efforts to combat child marriage, it persists, particularly in underdeveloped regions like Nigeria, especially in the Moslem North and Ebonyi State in the East. The investigation focused on individuals aged 18 and older in Ebonyi State, which had a population of 2,176,947 according to the 2006 census. To project the adult population for 2019, the 2006 population was estimated at 3,278,566 using an annual growth rate of 3.2%. The sample size for the study was 624, calculated using Taro Yamane's formula. A multi-stage sampling approach was employed, involving the three senatorial zones of Ebonyi: Ebonyi North, Central, and South. Cluster sampling categorized each zone with the Local Government Areas (LGAs), and simple random sampling selected Ebonyi, Ikwo, and Onicha LGAs. From each LGA, three communities were chosen using a simple balloting system, resulting in a total of nine communities selected across the three LGAs. The research assessed the reliability of its instrument using Cronbach Alpha and analyzed quantitative data using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Qualitative data from in-depth interviews were analyzed with Nvivo. Findings indicate older individuals in Ebonyi State tend to support child marriage more than younger individuals, influenced by cultural values and male dominance. Income was identified as a significant factor in the prevalence of child marriage, which adversely affects girls' futures. The study advocates for heightened awareness of the risks associated with child marriage, particularly in rural areas, and calls for culturally suitable programs to promote behavioral change regarding family size and marriage practices.
Chioma D. Chukwudozie
This study critically examines China’s presence in Nigeria’s domestic affairs and its implementation towards development in Sino-Nigerian diplomatic relations from 2000 to 2025. China’s economic engagement with Nigeria, characterized by investment, infrastructure development, and trade expansion, has been praised for promoting economic growth and fostering a win-win diplomatic relationship, but criticized for insufficient attention to maintaining financial stability. By analyzing bilateral agreements, investment trends, labor practices, and international business ethics frameworks, this paper examines whether China’s presence in Nigeria creates exploitative business environments or impedes regulatory oversight. Drawing on secondary data sources, including government reports, academic studies, and news articles, the study reveals a complex interaction of economic development. Findings indicate that while China’s investments have accelerated infrastructure and industrial growth, they have also exposed Nigeria to trade imbalances and environmental concerns. This paper concludes by offering policy recommendations that balance economic collaboration, emphasizing regulatory reforms, transparency, and strategic engagement with global financial institutions to reduce over-dependence on Chinese loans and ensure sustainable development.
Mohammed Saiful Islam
Laksam Municipality in Bangladesh, a floodplain area, is vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including seasonal floods due to excessive rainfall and rising water levels. A Sustainable Urban Stormwater Management (SUSM) planning framework is crucial for climate change adaptation in municipalities, focusing on environmental and social benefits alongside traditional drainage concerns, ensuring inclusive urban stormwater management. The study aims to create a comprehensive, practical framework for sustainable stormwater solutions in the municipality to mitigate climate change risks and improve urban resilience. The author used a three-step process to write this paper: identifying the watershed characteristics and assessing the existing storm drainage system, rainfall patterns analysis, and drainage priority setting based on multiple factors for the city’s drainage network and flood-prone area management. Factors like physical feature surveys, GIS data, land use and structural density, drainage basins and sub-basins, drainage outfalls, potential flood-prone areas, and stakeholder consultation are considered for community participation. However, the implementation of sustainable stormwater management approach in third-world urban context is challenging due to socio-cultural dynamics and slow development. Understanding the capabilities, trade-offs, and synergies of the existing storm drainage system is essential to overcoming these challenges. Non-regulatory interventions like education and participatory planning can help raise awareness about SUSM’s benefits. The research concludes by emphasizing the necessity of implementing a thorough approach to the SUSM framework in order to improve water quality, build a sustainable urban environment, and increase Laksam Municipality’s resistance to floods.
Kwaku Gyamfi Boamah
Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) has emerged as critical technology for securing increasingly complex multi-cloud environments. This comprehensive study analyzes CSPM implementation strategies, effectiveness metrics, and future technological directions across diverse enterprise deployments. The research examines core architectural capabilities including automated resource discovery, continuous compliance monitoring, threat detection, and automated remediation across major cloud platforms including Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Quantitative analysis reveals that CSPM implementations achieve substantial security improvements: 60-80% reduction in misconfiguration incidents, 75% decrease in threat detection time from weeks to hours, and 50% reduction in overall security operations costs. However, significant implementation challenges persist across organizations: 43% report alert fatigue from excessive notifications, 38% struggle with policy customization complexity, 35% face integration difficulties with existing security infrastructure, and 40% identify skills gaps as barriers to optimal deployment. This research identifies critical success factors for effective implementation and evaluates emerging technological trends including artificial intelligence-driven security analytics, zero trust architecture integration, and advanced compliance automation capabilities. The analysis provides actionable guidance for organizations implementing CSPM solutions while highlighting important future research directions in cloud-native security.
Anak Agung Nyoman Sri Wahyuni, Ni Made Ary Widiastini, Putu Indah Rahmawati, Trianasari
Buleleng Regency has a coastal beach with great tourism potential. The cleanliness of the beach in northern Bali is very concerning; garbage is scattered and often causes an unpleasant odor. To address the waste problem, an effective waste management model is needed to reduce landfill waste volume. This research aims to determine the model for the waste management system in Banjar Tourism Village to develop an educational tour on waste collection. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data were collected by direct observation, documentation, and interviews. The data will be analyzed using qualitative methods. The results of this research are expected to be considered by relevant stakeholders to manage waste in the coastal area of Banjar Tourism Village. Effective waste management policy directions can minimize pollution in coastal areas and their surroundings resulting from tourism activities, thereby making coastal tourist areas sustainable destinations that provide significant benefits to local communities and regional economies.
Garang Ngony Kur, Opoka Kenneth Jimmy, Prof. Mugisha David Begumya
The study examined the influence of Collaborative Supplier Relationship Management (CSRM) practices, specifically collaborative planning, trust-based partnerships, and transparent information sharing on supply chain performance at Friendship Textile Mill in Juba City, South Sudan. Guided by relational and resource-based theoretical perspectives, the study adopted a descriptive research design and collected primary data from staff across procurement, production, and logistics functions through questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that collaborative planning significantly improved demand forecasting accuracy, reduced stockouts, and minimized operational costs, consistent with past studies on Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR). Trust-based partnerships enhanced material quality, long-term relationships, and reduced monitoring costs, although responsiveness was constrained by infrastructural and institutional challenges. Transparent information sharing emerged as the strongest enabler, with respondents affirming its role in minimizing delays, improving coordination, and strengthening buyer– supplier commitment. The study concludes that CSRM practices are critical drivers of supply chain performance but their effectiveness in fragile contexts depends on digital maturity, governance mechanisms, and infrastructural capacity. It recommends that policymakers invest in infrastructure and supplier development, practitioners adopt low-cost digital tools and trust-building strategies, and academics extend research into fragile contexts to better understand the conditional nature of CSRM outcomes.
Chacko P. George
This paper introduces the Estrophrodite–Androphrodite archetypal model as an expansion of Jung’s anima– animus theory. Unlike Jung’s gender-specific constructs, these archetypes represent universal feminine (Estrophrodite) and masculine (Androphrodite) principles present in all individuals. Drawing from cross-cultural mythology, psychology, and ethics, the model situates these polarities historically and conceptually, and illustrates patterns of integration and imbalance using FIRO-B assessments of 58 participants. This framework extends Jungian theory by operationalizing archetypal energies in observable behaviors, offering a culturally inclusive and psychologically flexible approach for contemporary practice. The study articulates the Estrophrodite–Androphrodite model, compares it with classical theories, and demonstrates its applied relevance through FIRO-B behavioral patterns.
Austine Olutade Fabumuyi
Intercultural pragmatics and emotional intelligence have influenced our coexistence and how English and other languages are learned and acquired in Latin America and the United States. This research aims to comparatively analyze how emotional intelligence and intercultural competence have influenced the way people learn and acquire English and other languages most especially in higher institutions. Equally important, this research will identify the problems of language learning which could be connected to the lack of intercultural knowledge and emotional intelligence. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that learning English language and other languages can be determined or influenced by our intercultural knowledge/ education and emotional intelligence, Figueroa M & Hofhuis J, (2024). This research study utilizes mixed methodology which can ensure ‘‘holistic understanding of research questions’’ (Webber E, 2024) As a result, the findings of this research can reveal that learners ` intercultural competence combined with emotional intelligence directly and indirectly can influence how people become successful in the way they use and acquire English. Learners are also described as leaders who are bound to be successful when they have high EI and EQ as explained by Western Governor University (2024). Still talking about the results of this research, it can be mentioned that our intercultural competence and the understanding of our social emotional/physical environment as demonstrated by this research can further influence how we use English and other languages, and these concepts remain a predominantly fundamental subject of this research. It can be concluded that an adequate intercultural knowledge combined with emotional intelligence can determine our successful learning process, academic performances, communicative competence of English and other languages to be efficient, successful global citizens and competent users of English and other languages acquired in Colombia, Latin America and the United States.
Alfred Shumba Hara
Racial microaggressions represent an increasingly recognized form of chronic occupational psychosocial stress, yet their psychological effects remain understudied in African labor contexts. This mixed‑methods study examines how racial microaggressions predict anxiety, depression, perceived discrimination, and suicidal ideation among Malawian employees in Asian‑owned enterprises. Integrating Social Constructionism with Minority Stress Theory (MST), Critical Race Theory (CRT), the Interpersonal‑Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS), and Intersectionality, the study demonstrates how socially constructed racial hierarchies manifest through subtle interpersonal acts and translate into severe psychological harm. Quantitative findings (N = 384) reveal strong correlations between microaggressions and mental‑health outcomes, while qualitative narratives (n = 50) illuminate themes of dehumanization, disposability, and emotional exhaustion. The study provides a multi-level explanatory model and offers policy recommendations aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 16.
Norfatini Mansor, Normah Jusoh
Health is a significant social issue impacting individuals, cultures, and nations. The aim of the study was to compare an adherence to healthy eating and physical activity across sociodemographic characteristics among Malaysian adults. A total of 422 healthy male and female adults without dietary and physical activity restrictions participated in this study. They completed the Motiva. diaf questionnaire to acquire the data of level of adherence to healthy eating and physical activity. This study employed Chi-square tests to compare unrelated groups and dependent variables, assessing the differences across sociodemographic factors. Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in adherence to healthy eating and physical activity among Malaysian adults in terms of ethnicity, marital status, educational level, employment status, average monthly income, and Body Mass Index. On the other hand, the results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in adherence to healthy eating and physical activity across genders and residential areas. The research reveals disparities in the health habits of Malaysian adults, particularly with regard to healthy eating and physical activity adherence, emphasizing the need for increased public participation in recommended physical activity and healthy eating.
Maldonado N, Katherine, Mamani C, William
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent hematological malignancy in childhood, and its prognosis is strongly linked to the monitoring of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD). Flow cytometry (FC) is the gold standard for MRD detection, but methods vary widely between laboratories, often leading to discrepancies in sensitivity and reliability. This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively compare two flow cytometry protocols—the standardized EuroFlow method and a conventional, laboratory-developed protocol—for MRD detection in pediatric B-cell ALL patients. A total of 228 bone marrow samples from 76 pediatric patients at IREN SUR were analyzed. The results, benchmarked against an external reference (INSNSB protocol), showed that 35.5% of patients were MRD-positive, predominantly in the female and older pediatric (11–15 years) subgroups. The EuroFlow protocol demonstrated a consistent 100% accuracy across all age and sex strata, whereas the conventional method showed diminished accuracy, falling to 83.3% in the female 11–15 years group. Crucially, both protocols maintained 100% specificity (precision). Correlation analysis indicated perfect diagnostic concordance for EuroFlow (kappa=1.000) and superior quantitative correlation with the reference for normal B-lymphoblasts (R=0.9798). These findings conclusively establish EuroFlow as the more reliable and robust protocol for MRD detection in a clinical setting, recommending its adoption to standardize diagnostic practice and improve relapse prediction.
Muhammad Adam Hamzi, Normadiah Daud
This article looks at an analysis of the Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976 [Act 164] ('the LRA') and the Islamic Family Law (Federal Territories) Act 1984 [Act 303] regarding the scope, process and principles for divorce in Malaysia. This article is a comparative study of the two Acts and outlines the marriage duration, forms of divorce, reconciliation process and court jurisdictions. The results suggest Act 164 is relatively secular, primarily concerned with rights of individual and formal judicial due process only, while Act 303 is based on Sharia values that support morality and religious obligations as well as social justice in separation. Despite difference in approach and underlying philosophy, both the legal systems share the common goal of ensuring justice and other welfare interests for couples and the family institution in Malaysia’s plural society. The study has dominated positive impacts, in terms of increasing public knowledge about the differences in jurisdiction and principles between two systems, i.e., general law (civil) with Islamic law (Sharia), which will reduce confusion around interfaith divorces or a change of religion. Additionally, this article is an important contribution for policy developers, legal practitioners; religious scholars and family centre in developing more relevant household justice policies to promote interfaith tolerance and social harmony in Malaysia.
Ebrima Saine, Mutabazi Moses
The study investigates how Rwanda’s competence-based curriculum (CBC) is being put into practice by synthesizing existing evidence on the strategies used and the challenges encountered by teachers and school leaders. Drawing on a systematic literature review design, the research collates empirical and theoretical studies, evaluation reports, and analytical policy documents published since 2010 that focus on CBC implementation in Rwanda and, where necessary, comparable sub-Saharan African contexts. The review follows explicit procedures for eligibility screening, multi-database searching, quality appraisal, and thematic synthesis to ensure a transparent and replicable process. Findings show that a range of context-responsive strategies are being used, including school-based in-service training, collaborative lesson study, communities of practice, strengthened instructional supervision, and the gradual adoption of learner-centered pedagogies and, in some settings, smart learning technologies. At the same time, the literature highlights pervasive challenges such as inadequate teacher preparation, systemic shortages of teaching and learning resources, curriculum overload, misaligned assessment practices, socio-cultural and linguistic barriers, and inconsistent instructional leadership. Together, these factors create an implementation gap between CBC policy intentions and classroom realities. The review concludes that while meaningful progress is evident, deeper and more coordinated support across teacher development, curriculum design, leadership, and resourcing is required to achieve the transformative aims of Rwanda’s CBC.
Muhammad Abdurrahman Sadique, PhD
In the aftermath of the states of financial instability that had occurred repetitively in the past decades, it is imperative that academic studies be undertaken on alternative systems for financial management available in other legal traditions. In this regard, relevant features of interest-free financial systems such as the mode put forward by Islam, can be a rich field for research and analysis. The current paper is an explorative attempt to probe the reasons and wisdom behind the stress placed on the existence and presence of capital at the commencement of joint equity ventures in the Islamic legal precepts. A perusal of classical and contemporary Islamic verdicts pertaining to equity capital in joint ventures would reveal that the presence of capital in the initial stages of the partnership is held as a necessary requirement. Classical jurists had placed extraordinary emphasis on the existence and the presence of capital at the inception of a partnership venture. Debts have been categorically disallowed from forming the initial basis of a partnership. This research suggests that the emphasis placed by Islamic law on having real assets, instead of debts, as the capital base in partnerships, could have important economic connotations, such as acting as a curb on unrestrained monetary expansion and inflation.
Ewamela Aristide, Fernandes Balou Gabin, Ikounga Roger Pierre, Lepebe Brice Merlin, M'viri Huber César, Mandoumou Paulin, Tira Juslain Joel
Through this cross-sectional and quantitative study on the perspective of evaluation by the physical education teacher, the authors of this study show the way in which teachers of physical education perceive the evaluation. This system aims to improve the analysis and understanding of teachers' decisions and in particular to show how they take hold of the various prescriptions to which they are subject to in order to best carry out their evaluation activities. The results of this study highlight the importance of evaluation by physical education teachers within the sectoral inspection of Djiri, Brazzaville.
Ebiye CHARLES, Eloho Roseline EKAKITIE
The study problem was construction and standardization of achievement test on Economics for Senior Secondary two (SSII) students in Rivers State. The main purpose of the study was to construct 100 test items and determine the difficulty level and calculating the discrimination index of the test items. Two statistical techniques were used for item analysis, the Item Difficulty and Item Discrimination Index. The Item Difficulty and the Item Discrimination Index values of 0.4 to 0.6 for each index per test item were used to select 50 out of 100 items. After which the validity and reliability of the test were estimated on the selected fifty (50) items. The test was subjected for content validity and yielded a reliability index of 0.93 using split half reliability technique. In the process of standardizing the test, the 50 item test, the test was administered based on the following norms; Gender, Location, School Ownership and School Type and it was limited to a representative sample of 250 students from five senior secondary schools in Rivers State. The analysis for standardization was done using frequency count, mean and independent sample t-test from the final scores. From the results, there were differences for some norms while for some, there were no difference.
Anath Rau Krishnan, Nalini Arumugam, Siti Nur Atiqah Binti Rosdin
Traditional herbal medicinal (THM) are commonly used by the local people as an alternative for health purposes. However, a lack of social research on this topic makes it difficult to accurately determine the extent of consumer knowledge about the benefits of THM. The transmission of knowledge about THM from one generation to another is poor, primarily relying on verbal communication. This limited transfer of knowledge hinders the dissemination of information and may contribute to a gap in understanding among consumers regarding the potential benefits of THM. This research is being conducted to determine the association between demographic profiles and THM practice. A survey was carried out over 150 THM consumers in Besut, Terengganu, using a self-administered questionnaire. The findings indicated that 69.3% of consumers are female, and most of the consumers are Muslims and Malay (91.3%), in line with the major population of Besut, Terengganu. The respondents consist of 67.3% from rural and urban areas (32.7%). Pearson Correlation Analysis indicates a high relationship between knowledge and practice; also, attitude and practice have a high relationship. People are shifting to natural medicine by using THM. Therefore, it is a good approach to provide information on THM in layman's language for better understanding. It fosters a sense of trust and confidence in the use of THM as a viable option for health management. Ultimately, providing information in layman's language can contribute to the widespread adoption and acceptance of traditional herbal medicinal, leading to improved overall health outcomes within the community.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azri Bin Bhari, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Ashrof Zaki Bin Yaakob, Dr. Mohd Faiz Mohamed Bin Yusof, Dr. Mohd Yusra Bin Abdullah, Dr. Nurulaina Saidin, Intan Nurrachmi, Mr. Mohammad Mahyuddin Bin Khalid, Nik Airin Aqmar Binti Nik Azhar, Suhaimi bin Yusoff
Zakat education serves as a key component in strengthening the understanding, awareness, and appreciation of Muslims toward the obligation of zakat. This study aims to analyse the terminology used in the implementation of zakat education and to examine the educational content published by zakat institutions in Malaysia through their official websites for public dissemination. The study employs a qualitative content analysis method on 15 official websites of state and federal zakat institutions in Malaysia to identify the types of content and the terminologies used in presenting zakat education to the public. The analysis reveals a variety of terms used to refer to zakat education, such as dawah (religious propagation), promotion, campaign, and education. Furthermore, there are variations in the depth of zakat educational content across institutions; however, all share a common objective—to enhance public understanding and foster compliance with zakat obligations. The study recommends the establishment of a National Zakat Education Plan that integrates dawah approaches, strategic communication, and digital technology to improve zakat literacy among the public.
Douglas A. Salazar, Hubert Jason T. Matrido
Tuba making, a traditional Filipino coconut wine, was integrated into the development of a contextualized learning packet on chemical reactions. This study investigated the effectiveness of the developed learning packet anchored in the tuba-making process on the engagement level and conceptual understanding of chemical reactions among academically challenged Grade 10 learners through a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test result revealed that the engagement level of the learners significantly improved after the intervention (p=.000-.001, r=0.60-.075). In terms of conceptual understanding, the pretest scores were comparable among the groups. After using the contextualized learning packet, the posttest scores demonstrated a substantial improvement in both experimental groups compared to the control group. The data was found to be non-normally distributed through the Shapiro-Wilk test and non-parametric tests were employed. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test confirmed the statistically significant improvements within the group (p=.000-.003), with a large effect size. Kruskal-Wallis analysis demonstrated significant differences among the groups (H=15.491, p=.000). The post-hoc comparisons showed that the experimental groups outperformed the control group. No significant difference was observed in the two experimental groups. The contextualized learning packet was highly acceptable and highly usable in terms of its alignment with curriculum standards, appropriateness to learners’ understanding, and effectiveness in explaining chemical reactions, particularly through tuba making. However, minor improvements may be done to the organization of the activities and accommodation of the material to the diverse needs of the students.
Hafizah Abdul Rahim, Mohammad Harith Bin Amlus, Muhammad Shahar Jusoh, Putri Aliah Mohd Hidzir, R. Kishen Kumar Naidu, Syafiqah Md Nayan
Continuous Improvement (CI) has become a critical strategy in enhancing the quality, reliability, and manufacturability of printed circuit board (PCB) designs. In PCB engineering, the application of Design Rule Check (DRC) settings serves as a systematic mechanism to identify layout violations and ensure compliance with electrical, mechanical, and fabrication standards. This conceptual paper examines how CI principles can be embedded into PCB layout workflows through optimized DRC configurations. The analysis highlights the role of structured rule-setting, iterative verification, and feedback loops in reducing design errors, minimizing rework, and improving overall design efficiency.The study further conceptualizes how disciplined DRC management—encompassing trace width control, spacing validation, thermal relief parameters, and manufacturability rules—supports CI initiatives by standardizing best practices and enabling consistent quality enhancements. The integration of CI frameworks with PCB design automation tools is also discussed as a strategic approach to strengthening decision-making, reducing cycle time, and facilitating cross-functional collaboration between design and manufacturing teams. This conceptual analysis provides a foundation for researchers and practitioners to better understand the relationship between CI methodologies and DRC-driven PCB optimization, while offering insights for future empirical investigation and process improvement model
Josephine Ganu, Kelvin Onoongha, Paul Ataro, Saya Jackson
This study examines whether digital maturity strengthens organisational resilience among Seventh-day Adventist–affiliated self-supporting ministries in Kenya. Two propositions are tested: that Digital Intensity—governed data, simple automation/analytics, and reliable “green” infrastructure—relates positively to resilience, and that the convergence of Digital Intensity with Transformation Management Intensity—mission-linked strategy, baseline readiness, and human-centric adoption—explains resilience better than either stream alone. A quantitative, explanatory, cross-sectional survey of 141 ministries was analysed using hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling with robust estimation and bootstrapped confidence intervals. The measurement model met reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity standards with acceptable global fit. Structurally, Digital Intensity demonstrated a positive, statistically significant association with resilience, and the convergence construct provided the strongest pathway, explaining higher variance and remaining stable across sensitivity checks. The study concludes that resilience gains in resource-constrained ministries arise less from accumulating tools than from coupling governed information, lightweight automation, and dependable infrastructure with focused strategy, cyber hygiene, and adoption rituals. Findings inform shared services, lightweight standards, and micro-learning initiatives for African faith-based nonprofits.
Francesco Avallone
In the face of increasing situations of destruction, violence, hunger, forced migration and armed conflicts, this paper – drawing on previous research into affective, organisational and social convivence and recalling the appeals of the United Nations and a number of religious authorities on the need for the planet's population to live together in peace, harmony and justice – proposes a framework for interpreting convivence on a planetary scale in order to enable a multidimensional reading of situations and behaviours, thereby allowing the inhabitants of the planet to make their own representation of reality felt. The construct of convivence among peoples is defined and articulated along seven dimensions: culture of legality and respect for signed agreements; respect and tolerance of diversity; common goals and collective efficacy; solidarity and support; equity in access to and management of resources; power and international relations; trust and hope. The paper concludes with a call to researchers to form a network to promote studies on new forms of convivence and planetary development.
Lateef Olumide Mustapha, Latifat Abdulssalam Abdulfatah, Winiefred Zillie Bala
This study examined the effect of corporate governance, specifically board size, board independence and board meetings, on the working capital management of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study covered the period from 2008 to 2022 and employed an ex-post facto research design, with a population consisting of 46 listed manufacturing firms on the Nigerian Exchange. A sample of 20 firms was selected using a filtering technique. Multiple linear regression analysis was used. The findings revealed that larger board sizes are associated with more efficient working capital management, as indicated by a shorter cash conversion cycle. Board independence was found to have a negative but insignificant effect on working capital management efficiency. Also, more frequent board meetings were related to less efficient working capital management, resulting in a longer cash conversion cycle. The study concluded that larger board sizes are associated with more efficient working capital management. On the other hand, excessive board meetings might only lead to inefficiencies or distractions that hinder effective working capital management. The study further concluded that the effect of board independence on working capital management is trivial as the presence of the independent directors do not significantly affect working capital management of sampled firms. The study recommended that increasing board size may enhance a firm's ability to manage its working capital effectively. Furthermore, the study recommended that firms should also strategically plan board meetings to ensure they are productive and focused on key issues.
Mohamad Alif Mohamad Hadzir, Mohd Hadzley Abu Bakar, Nurul Ain Maidin, Umi Hayati Ahmad
Non-traditional machining (NTM) processes, such as EDM wire-cut and laser cutting, are widely used in manufacturing for their ability to machine complex geometries and hard-to-cut materials. Despite their operational advantages, the environmental implications of these processes remain insufficiently understood. This study develops a structured cradle-to-gate environmental assessment framework to enable a systematic and reproducible comparison between EDM wire-cut and laser cutting for the production of an identical wrench component from mild steel. The framework is organised into sequential stages, including process selection, functional unit and system boundary definition, inventory data collection, and impact modelling using GaBi software. Key impact categories considered include Climate Change, Metal Depletion, Human Toxicity (Cancer), Ionising Radiation, and Freshwater Eutrophication. Results indicate that EDM wire-cut environmental impacts are primarily driven by electricity consumption and wire usage, whereas laser cutting impacts are dominated by high power demand and assist-gas consumption. The study highlights critical process parameters affecting environmental performance and identifies opportunities for impact reduction through optimized machine settings and resource usage. The novelty of this work lies in the introduction of a structured LCA framework tailored specifically for non-traditional machining, providing clear comparative evidence to support more informed and sustainable process selection. These findings offer practical guidance for manufacturers aiming to reduce environmental footprints while maintaining production efficiency.
Adaeze Nwanegbo
The study investigates how credit card access affects income inequality in 30 developing countries from 2000 to 2024 through the mediating roles of financial inclusion and digital payment adoption. A panel fixed-effects mediation model was used to estimate direct and indirect effects, with clustered robust errors. To address endogeneity and dynamic persistence, the Arellano-Bond dynamic panel Generalised Method of Moments served as a robustness check. Indirect effects were validated using bootstrapped standard errors with 5,000 replications. The findings indicate that the expansion of credit card access considerably improves both financial inclusion and the adoption of digital payments, thereby promoting a more comprehensive engagement with formal financial systems. By empowering lower-income households, increasing access to financial services, and reducing transaction costs, these mediating pathways are essential in the reduction of income inequality. Nevertheless, the direct impact of credit card access on inequality is still positive, indicating that credit cards may disproportionately benefit affluent groups when used in isolation. Based on these, policymakers should prioritise expanding credit card access alongside measures that enhance financial inclusion and digital payment adoption to ensure equitable benefits across income groups. Regulatory frameworks should encourage banks and fintech providers to offer affordable credit products, promote financial literacy programs, and facilitate mobile and digital payment platforms targeting underserved populations. For future research, studies could extend the analysis to micro-level or household data to capture individual behavioural patterns and heterogeneity in credit card usage.
Ani Munirah Mohamad
The rapid expansion of digital technologies has transformed crime into new dimensions within virtual environments, making “crimes in the virtual world” a critical subject of scholarly investigation. Despite the growing number of studies, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding of research patterns, collaboration networks, and thematic developments in this field. To address this gap, this study employs a bibliometric analysis to systematically examine existing literature and uncover knowledge structures. Data were collected using the Scopus database through an advanced search strategy, yielding a total of 1,068 documents relevant to the theme. The dataset was cleaned and harmonised using OpenRefine, followed by statistical and graphical analyses conducted through the Scopus Analyzer. Furthermore, VOSviewer software was employed to generate visualisation maps, including keyword co-occurrence networks, co-authorship collaborations, and thematic clusters. The findings reveal significant publication growth over the past decade, with notable contributions from leading countries such as India, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Keyword co-occurrence analysis highlighted dominant research foci on cybercrime, computer crime, cybersecurity, and digital forensics, while emerging topics such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and machine learning suggest evolving interdisciplinary approaches. Co-authorship analysis demonstrated that research collaboration is concentrated among a few developed nations, although participation from emerging economies is steadily increasing. These results provide empirical evidence of the dynamic and interdisciplinary nature of virtual world crime research, emphasising both technological and socio-legal perspectives. In conclusion, this study enriches the body of knowledge by offering a structured overview of global research trends, identifying thematic strengths and gaps, and providing valuable insights for future scholarly directions, policymaking, and international collaboration in combating crimes in the virtual world.
Borendra Lal Tripura
This study analyzes disparities between Bangladesh’s current Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) model, introduced in 2017, and the comprehensive bilingual framework proposed in 2008. Through comparative policy analysis across ten dimensions—from philosophy to resource allocation—the research finds that the existing model constitutes weak bilingual education, providing limited indigenous language instruction (10–15%), whereas the proposed model envisions co-equal mediums (50%). The findings reveal symbolic rather than substantive inclusion, constraining educational and cultural outcomes. Evidence-based recommendations outline a six-year phased reform pathway, drawing on global best practices to advance equity and linguistic rights for indigenous communities in Bangladesh.
Annisa Nur Hanifah, Aristanti Widyaningsih, Denny Andriana
This study presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to synthesise and analyse the roles, contributions, challenges, and gaps in the literature at the intersection of Customer Profitability Analysis (CPA), digitalisation, and the Business-to-Business (B2B) market. Using an SLR approach, this study identifies and evaluates 30 scholarly articles that focus on CPA in B2B markets within the context of digitalization. The analysis is conducted thematically to identify models, non-risk challenges, and integration gaps. Digitalization has transformed B2B CPA from a purely historical, backward-looking model into a predictive, risk adjusted approach. The use of Machine Learning (ML) and data mining techniques (such as Boosting and Random Forest) has proven accurate in estimating customer churn probabilities and risk levels, which are then integrated into Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) calculations based on Risk Adjusted Revenue (RAR). The main non risk challenges include failures in integrating legacy systems (ERP, CRM, SCM), which hinder accurate tracing of cost to serve, as well as the need for managerial cultural change and the adoption of new hybrid technology roles.The key gap in the literature is the lack of empirical and technical studies that explicitly explain how digital technology platforms (hybrid actors such as chatbots or e marketplaces) automatically capture and allocate service costs to B2B customer accounts within traditional cost accounting models, particularly Activity Based Costing (ABC).
Mazlifah Mansoor
Cyberbullying refers to the intentional infliction of psychological or emotional harm through online communication. In Malaysia, legal responses have historically targeted improper use of digital platforms rather than the harmful conduct itself. The enactment of the Penal Code (Amendment) Act 2025 addresses this legislative gap by introducing specific offences dealing with online harassment and bullying that cause fear, alarm, or distress. This paper aims to evaluate whether the punitive sentencing approach introduced under the amended law is justified in addressing the nature and social impact of cyberbullying. It applies doctrinal legal analysis, supported by behavioral theories including symbolic interactionism, space transition theory, and social learning theory, to understand the motivation behind online aggression. A survey of 106 respondents further assesses public awareness of cyberbullying laws and perceptions of punishment. Preliminary findings reveal that cyberbullying often stems from misinterpretation and imitation of negative behavior. Notably, 20.8% of respondents were unaware that indirect participation online can constitute abetment, and many struggled to distinguish harmful behaviour from unlawful conduct. In addition, an interview with educators, parents, and working adults reinforced survey findings by highlighting that anonymity, emotional impulsiveness, and social influence contribute to cyberbullying and that legal enforcement alone is insufficient. Although Malaysia’s legal reforms are timely and necessary, sentencing must be supplemented with broader measures. It is recommended that punitive enforcement be integrated with education, counselling, and restorative practices, to address the underlying behavioural and psychological factors shaping online misconduct.
Dr. Kipkorir Michael Chirchir, Margaret Njeri Kabue, Prof. Dorothy Ndunge Kyalo, Prof. Raphael Nyonje
Monitoring and evaluation data from community health programs are essential for their planning, improvement, success, and sustainability. These data can inform implementers, policymakers, beneficiaries, and funders about the progress or lack of it, prompting them to take appropriate action at any stage of the project life cycle. This study examines the moderating influence of digitization on the relationship between data management practices and sustainability of community health programmes. The study is anchored on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A positivist philosophical paradigm and a cross-sectional descriptive survey research design to generate quantitative primary data. A Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) priori sample size calculator was used to determine a sample size based on all observable variables, including measurement indicators for the moderating variables. The sample comprised 190 community health promoters in Nairobi County. The response rate was 83%. Data analysis was performed using SmartPLS 4. The study results affirmed that the impact of data management practices on the sustainability of community health programmes decreases with digitalisation. The results resonate with the TAM, which posits that the adoption of innovations, such as data management automation, is influenced by perceived benefits and ease of use for users. This study recommends a hybrid data management approach that combines traditional and automated practices to address the transition and the digital divide. The findings of this study can also be used by policymakers and programme implementers to design programmes with greater specificity about where to invest when introducing or scaling up data digitisation, as well as to address contextual factors that contribute to the sustainability of community health programmes
Aminurasyed Mahpop, Asma Hakimah Ab. Halim
This article examines the Legal Profession Qualifying Board’s (“LPQB”) 1985 administrative decision to abolish articled clerkship, a statutory pathway to admission expressly preserved under the Legal Profession Act 1976 (“LPA”). Although no legislative amendment or gazetted rule ever eliminated this route, the legal profession operated for nearly four decades as if articled clerkship had been lawfully discontinued. Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of Ogus (delegation and accountability), Baldwin (regulatory standards and legitimacy), and Black (interpretive drift in decentred regulatory environments), this article argues that the LPQB’s action constitutes a multi-layered regulatory failure. The Court of Appeal’s decision in Fahri, Azzat & Co (Sebuah Firma) & Anor v Lembaga Kelayakan Profesion Undang-Undang (2024), later left undisturbed by the Federal Court, confirms that the LPQB acted ultra vires and exceeded the limits of delegated authority conferred by Parliament. Through doctrinal and theoretical analysis, this article demonstrates how institutional drift, opacity in regulatory practices, weak oversight mechanisms, and the absence of procedural safeguards contributed to decades of systemic misunderstanding. It concludes by proposing governance reforms to strengthen accountability, transparency, and statutory fidelity in Malaysia’s professional regulatory landscape.
Arc.Harrison Irabor, Dr. Kingsley Ikechukwu Ezeh, Prof Basil U Eze
Building Information Modelling (BIM) improves the efficiency and worldwide collaboration in the construction industry but its application in Nigeria and particularly in Delta state is minimal because of the lack of an organized competency model. This loophole limits the successful BIM teamwork and denies the professionals opportunities to acquire requisite skills. The purpose of the study is to come up with a BIM-based collaboration competency designed to suit the Delta State construction scenario. The survey design was a quantitative survey design by utilizing structured questionnaires that were given to 200 construction professionals, which were architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and project managers. The tool further elicited the technical, managerial, and relational competencies, existing cooperative practices, and obstacles in the development of competencies. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics (mean scores, standard deviations and level of agreement). It was found that such technical skills as BIM software proficiency and model coordination had the highest mean positions, then came managerial competencies associated with schedule planning and BIM standards compliance. Relational competencies (such as communication, teamwork and adaptability) were also broadly accepted as essential in the development of trust and facilitation of interdisciplinary collaboration. Barriers identified by the respondents as major ones were the lack of access to licensed BIM software, the lack of training opportunities, the lack of digital infrastructure, and the lack of inter-organisational trust. To facilitate a more comprehensive adoption of BIM in the Delta State construction industry, a context-based BIM competency framework was created to inform training, standardised collaboration, and wider adoption of BIM.
Hanafi Haron, Hanna Mahfuzah Kamaruzzaman, Haris Abdul Rani, Nurul Yasmin Natasha Abdullah, Siti Noor Amira Suhaimi, Sofea Batrisha Mohd Hazri
This study deals with how the concept of minimalism in design can be used to redesign the modern employment policy and restructure today's labour systems with a tendency to humanizing, efficiency, and sustainability in mind. As workplace dissatisfaction, burnout and the growing complexity of employment rules have spiralled out of control, the study seeks to investigate how a simplistic approach to professional issues, as exemplified by architecture, design and behavioural science, could simplify job designs enabling the matching of labour policies to employee well-being. The objectives of the study are twofold. It is first critical in evaluating the limitation of the current employment arrangements, particularly those that are evidenced by bureaucracy and watchful compliance needs. Second, it proposes a simpler policy paradigm with an emphasis on clarity, autonomy and purpose. The examples of Denmark, Germany. And the Netherlands were used as case studies that helped to draw a beneficial insight, which helped to see the effectiveness of the minimalist and human-cantered ideas implementation. These are flexicurity, vocational training incorporation and parttime job system that would facilitate work-life balance. The evidence suggests that minimalist employment policies increase employee activity, mental well-being results, and the ability to adjust to the new economic conditions. To sum it up, this paper argues that minimalist employment reform is not only sound philosophically, it is also practical. Governments can use labour systems that are not only efficient, but also functional and humane by doing away with superfluous complexity and rolling up important but essential ideals of labour dignity, freedom and healthiness.
Angelo Evangelista, Dr. Monaliza S. Jimenez, Erick Nito
This study examines the factors affecting the academic performance of students with disabilities pursuing Computer Engineering. Using a quantitative descriptive design, data were gathered from 30 respondents (15 with disabilities and 15 without) through a structured survey employing a 5‑point Likert scale. The study evaluated three major factors: Assistive Technology, Faculty and Teaching Facilities, and Discrimination and Societal Barriers. Instrument reliability yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.89, indicating high internal consistency. Findings show that inclusive learning environments, availability of assistive technologies, and societal attitudes significantly influence the academic performance and motivation of students with disabilities. Recommendations include improving classroom accessibility, strengthening faculty training, and integrating appropriate assistive technologies to foster an inclusive learning environment.
Abdul Ghafur Hanafi, Badrul Hisham Abd Rahman, Nor Izham Subri
The integration of financial technology (FinTech) into the Family Takaful industry presents unique opportunities and challenges, particularly for agents who must balance technological innovation with adherence to Shariah principles. This study introduces an adapted version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), incorporating Shariah compliance as a core construct, offering the first theoretical framework tailored specifically to Family Takaful agents. Drawing on secondary data from academic journals, regulatory reports, and industry publications between 2018 and 2023, this research identifies key determinants that influence the adoption of FinTech among agents in Southeast Asia and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. The findings reveal that perceived usefulness is the strongest predictor of adoption (β = 0.58, p < 0.01), driven by efficiency gains such as faster policy processing and better customer engagement. However, Shariah compliance concerns significantly hinder adoption, with 75% of agents prioritizing certified platforms and 34% expressing distrust in uncertified AI- or blockchain-based tools. Institutional support, particularly through training programmes, increased the likelihood of adoption by 25% in Malaysia, whereas fragmented regulatory landscapes in the GCC contributed to lower adoption rates (42% vs. 65% in Southeast Asia). This study contributes to both theory and practice by extending the TAM and UTAUT frameworks to include religious compliance factors, proposing a TAM-Islamic model, and identifying actionable strategies for stakeholders. Recommendations include designing age-inclusive digital interfaces, standardizing Shariah certification for InsurTech tools, and harmonizing cross-border regulatory policies. The findings underscore the need for collaboration between Takaful operators, Islamic scholars, and regulators to accelerate digital transformation while maintaining ethical and religious integrity.
Adilah Mohd Din, Nadia Nurnajihah Mohamad Nasir, Puteri Afiqah Syamimi Mohd Zuki
The integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems with home electric-vehicle (EV) charging represents a key opportunity to enhance residential energy efficiency and support Malaysia’s low-carbon mobility agenda. However, empirical evidence identifying the determinants that influence the optimisation of solar-powered EV charging remains limited. This study examines four critical factors—EV ownership, energy trading, charging variables, and battery storage—to determine their influence on the optimisation of home EV charging using solar PV systems. A quantitative approach was employed, and data were collected from 384 Malaysian households with experience or interest in solar electric vehicle (EV) usage. The dataset was analysed using SPSS Version 29, incorporating descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings indicate that charging variables and battery storage are significant predictors of optimisation, demonstrating strong positive effects. In contrast, EV ownership and energy trading were not statistically significant in the final model. These results highlight the dominant role of technological determinants, particularly charging configuration and storage capacity, in enabling optimal utilisation of solar energy for residential EV charging. This study contributes new empirical insights to the renewable-energy and electromobility literature by clarifying the technological factors that most strongly influence solar–EV optimisation at the household level. The findings offer practical implications for policymakers, industry practitioners, and homeowners aiming to strengthen Malaysia’s transition toward efficient, solar-powered EV charging systems.
Hairunnizam Wahid, Mohd Yusof Tawang, Nik Mohd Azim Nik Ab Malik
In general, the collection and distribution of zakat fall under the responsibility and authority of the government. Efficient and effective zakat management contributes to improving the nation’s socioeconomic status, ensuring the well-being of the Muslim community, and reducing poverty. In the state of Johor, although the Johor State Islamic Religious Council (MAINJ) is the authorized body responsible for zakat collection and distribution, there remain zakat payers that make zakat payments privately, viz., directly to the asnaf rather than through officially recognized zakat institutions. This study aims to analyse analyse the factors that influence the private payment of zakat. The research was conducted in the Johor Bahru district, covering the mukim of Jelutong, Plentong, Pulai, Sungai Tiram, Tebrau, and the Johor Bahru urban area. The findings indicate that, in addition to paying zakat through MAINJ, some zakat payers also make direct individual payments to the asnaf, with one of the contributing factors being their level of knowledge concerning state zakat fatwas.
Effendi Mohamad, Ihwan Ghazali, Lay Hong. Tan, M. Shahrizan Rahmat, Nasri Semiun
The quest for sustainable and inclusive urban development has heightened global interest in constructing communities that are both environmentally resilient and attuned to gender-specific requirements. Even though there has been a lot of progress in research on smart cities and sustainability, not much has been done to look at how cultural value orientations and preparation for Industry 4.0 work together to determine the growth of cities that are good for women. This research fills this vacuum by doing a thorough conceptual, argumentative, and comparative assessment of multidisciplinary literature on feminist urbanism, cultural theory, sustainability studies, and digital change. The investigation uncovers three essential insights. First, cultural value orientations, especially collectivism, equality, and low power distance, are important factors that shape governance structures, societal norms, and the importance of women's safety, mobility, and involvement. Second, being ready for Industry 4.0 is both a driver and a conditional facilitator of gender-inclusive sustainability. It provides technical means to improve safety, accessibility, data-driven policymaking, and economic empowerment. Third, the interplay between cultural logics and technology preparedness creates dynamic paths that can either promote gender-inclusive urban outcomes or perpetuate structural inequities. This research provides a comprehensive conceptual model elucidating the co-evolution of cultural value systems and technology preparedness in the context of fostering women-friendly sustainable urban development. The research improves theoretical discourse by integrating socio-cultural and digital transformation paradigms, while providing policy insights that underscore culturally sensitive, technology-driven, and gender-responsive urban design. This synthesis lays the groundwork for future empirical research and aids policymakers in creating inclusive urban spaces that adhere to the tenets of sustainable development and gender equity.
Dr. Sreejita Mukherjee
Malda district is located in the central part of West Bengal. It is the most important link between the north and southern parts of the state and shares an international border with Bangladesh in the east. The district is rich in historical ruins from the Hindu, Buddhist and Islamic reigns. It is the mango capital of the state with vast orchards and three varieties of premium mangoes getting the GI tag. The rich tourist heritage however has not been exploited properly. The monuments are now lying in ruin and suffering from neglect. Necessary infrastructure is lacking and almost no efforts have been made to promote and advertise tourism industry in the district. There is also ample scope of developing ancillary industries like the souvenir industry, mango processing units, local and tribal crafts etc. Though there is ample scope, the district suffers from problems like poor development of accommodation, minimal effort to preserve the architectural heritage, no coherent plan of tourism development, lack of infrastructure like proper guides, shops and facilities at the tourist spots as well as a less than sterling reputation about safety and security. This paper seeks to describe the various tourist resources and identify the problems. Information has been collected mainly from secondary sources like articles, newspaper reports, Government surveys, websites and blogs as well as from personal visit by the author. It also puts forward a comprehensive plan for the development of tourism in Malda.
Iskandar Hasan Tan Abdullah, Nik Sarina Nik Md Salleh, Sakinah Mat Zin, Wan Ahmad Tirmizi Wan Sulaiman, Wan Nor Azilawanie Tun Ismail
The Twelfth Malaysia Plan (12MP) seeks to revitalize the national economy, enhance societal well-being, and strengthen long-term economic growth. Aligned with this agenda, the present study examines the relationship between talent management and the performance of state government employees in Malaysia. Motivated, skilled, and engaged employees are better positioned to contribute effectively to organizational objectives, thereby improving overall performance. Accordingly, this study assesses the impact of talent management—specifically recruitment and retention practices—on employee performance within the state government. Data were collected using adapted survey instruments from prior research, and responses from 385 state government employees were analysed using SPSS Version 22. The findings indicate that talent management, recruitment, and retention exert significant positive effects on organizational performance. These results offer valuable insights for human resource practitioners in developing strategies that support employee growth and enhance performance outcomes.
Iskandar Hasan Tan Abdullah, Nik Sarina Nik Md Salleh, Sakinah Mat Zin, Wan Ahmad Tirmizi Wan Sulaiman, Wan Nor Azilawanie Tun Ismail
The Twelfth Malaysia Plan (12MP) seeks to revitalize the national economy, enhance societal well-being, and strengthen long-term economic growth. Aligned with this agenda, the present study examines the relationship between talent management and the performance of state government employees in Malaysia. Motivated, skilled, and engaged employees are better positioned to contribute effectively to organizational objectives, thereby improving overall performance. Accordingly, this study assesses the impact of talent management—specifically recruitment and retention practices—on employee performance within the state government. Data were collected using adapted survey instruments from prior research, and responses from 385 state government employees were analysed using SPSS Version 22. The findings indicate that talent management, recruitment, and retention exert significant positive effects on organizational performance. These results offer valuable insights for human resource practitioners in developing strategies that support employee growth and enhance performance outcomes.
Bogdan Ghita, Najwan Khambari, Nor Azman Mat Ariff, Norharyati Harum, Nurul Fakhirah Azlan, Shahkhir Mozamir, Wahidah Md Shah
Aquaponics offers a sustainable approach to agriculture by integrating aquaculture and hydroponics, using fish waste as nutrients for plant growth and plants as natural filters for water recirculation. Despite its ecological advantages, maintaining optimal environmental conditions within aquaponic systems remains a significant challenge due to the need for continuous manual monitoring and adjustment. This study aims to address this issue by developing an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system to automate and optimize key environmental parameters critical to aquaponic farming, namely water temperature, pH levels, and water levels. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with cost-effective sensors, a local web interface for data visualization, and a real-time alert mechanism via Telegram messaging. A pilot deployment was conducted, and usability was evaluated through the System Usability Scale (SUS) with 19 aquaponic practitioners. The system achieved a SUS score of 77.11%, indicating a "Good" usability rating. Sensor data was successfully transmitted at two-minute intervals, with real-time alerts triggered when thresholds were exceeded. The results demonstrate that the proposed system is not only technically feasible and user-friendly but also contributes to sustainable agriculture by reducing manual labor and enabling proactive intervention. The study supports the adoption of IoT in small- to medium-scale aquaponic farms, aligning with global efforts toward SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).
Christian Paul Sarong MOYON, Ria Diosa Abalos CALIAO
A new scale for assessing financial literacy among savings and credit cooperative members in Region XI was created and refined in this study using a sequential exploratory mixed-method design. The work started with interviews that helped compile the first set of items. Afterward, these items were tested through a survey, and the data were examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to verify the scale’s structure and validity. The study found five key dimensions of financial literacy: financial discipline, planned borrowing, shared learning, risk preparedness, and future financial security. Each dimension demonstrated solid reliability and validity, resulting in a localized and statistically sound framework for assessing financial literacy within the cooperative setting. These findings indicate that financial literacy extends beyond personal knowledge and money management; it also encompasses shared practices, readiness for financial risks, and careful long-term planning. This scale allows governments, cooperatives, and educational institutions to develop targeted programs that support cooperative sustainability, promote responsible financial behavior, and enhance members’ financial capability. Furthermore, this research aligns with the country’s financial inclusion goals and reinforces global efforts toward sustainable development.
Andrea Marie F. Borneo, Douglas A. Salazar
This study developed and validated the CODE Instructional Approach (Case-Organized, Dramatized, and Embodied) to enhance preservice science teachers’ understanding of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. A total of twelve (12) third-year BSED Science students enrolled in PHSc108 Biochemistry participated in the implementation phase of the study. Using the ADDIE instructional design model, the Analysis Phase revealed several learning needs, such as students' persistent misunderstandings, difficulty visualizing molecular processes, and a strong preference for visual and hands-on learning strategies. A panel of seven qualified evaluators assessed the instructional materials for validity, clarity, and pedagogical integrity. The overall validity rating for the pretest–posttest instrument was 3.77, and the rating for the Teaching Guide was 3.70, both interpreted as “very highly valid.” The mean score for students' conceptual understanding increased from 14.25 to 20.17, representing a substantial improvement. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test confirmed that this increase was statistically significant (Z = –3.068, p = .002), with a very large effect size (r = 0.886). Thematic analysis of student reflections identified four themes: misconceptions regarding the direction of genetic information flow, difficulty understanding molecular processes, incomplete understanding of mutation, and a preference for visual and experiential learning. Overall, the results show that the CODE Approach effectively addresses gaps in understanding by integrating multimodal, contextualized, and embodied learning activities.
Aminah A. Macmod, Ariel O. Ellare, Arlyn R. Alcopra, Elesar V. Malicoban, Monera A. Salic-Hairulla, Vanjoreeh A. Madale
Heat transfer is one of the most challenging topics for Grade 7 students due to its abstract nature and persistent misconceptions about conduction, convection, and radiation. These difficulties are often exacerbated by limited instructional resources, lecture-based teaching, and the lack of contextualized materials that support visualization and active learning. This study aimed to develop and validate a printed learning packet on heat transfer as supplementary material to support instruction in Grade 7 science. Using a developmental research design guided by the 4D Model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate), the study began with a needs assessment involving five in-service junior high school science teachers to identify instructional gaps, learning challenges, and material requirements. Findings indicated learner misconceptions, difficulty distinguishing the modes of heat transfer, and limited opportunities for hands-on activities due to resource constraints. Guided by these findings, a printed learning packet incorporating simplified explanations, structured activities, illustrations, and real-life applications was developed and evaluated by five validators composed of in-service science teachers and science education specialists using a standardized rubric. The evaluation yielded a grand weighted mean of 2.85, interpreted as Very Highly Valid, with all criteria rated as Very Highly Acceptable. These results indicate that the developed learning packet is a pedagogically sound and contextually appropriate supplementary material for Grade 7 science instruction. Future studies may implement the packet in classroom settings and examine its effectiveness through pre-test and post-test designs and learner feedback.
Arinze Christian Okoye, Benedict Amade, Gregory C. Enyinna, Ogonna Frances Anaebo
Construction projects in Imo State, Nigeria, are often plagued by delays, cost overruns, and quality issues, largely due to inadequate risk-management practices. This study develops and operationalizes a Risk Management Support Framework (RMSF) to enhance effective construction project delivery in the region. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 180 construction professionals through structured questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, PCA, and multiple regression analysis, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Findings reveal that poor risk identification, lack of standardized assessment tools, weak framework updating mechanisms, and insufficient stakeholder engagement are major obstacles to successful project delivery. While the baseline regression model explained 61% of the variance in project delivery performance, a secondary integrated framework-validation phase—integrating standardized processes, feedback loops, and stakeholder coordination—improved explanatory power to 85%. The proposed RMSF provides a structured, adaptive, and context-sensitive guide for improving planning efficiency, reducing delays, minimizing cost overruns, and enhancing overall construction performance in Imo State.
Jason Ryan A. Pujeda, Lindy C. Lulab
This study was conducted to put forward the development of an Android-based Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) that addresses the least mastered competency in the first quarter of Science 6. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed in this study using purposive sampling technique. Key informant interview was used to identify the least mastered competency. A focus-group discussion was also conducted to validate and triangulate the gathered data. Meanwhile, descriptive statistics were used to determine the level of acceptability of the intervention material. Four (4) expert evaluators were also tapped to assess and validate the practical utility and acceptability of the SIM. Results revealed that the recurring least mastered competency for the first quarter is on “classification of the different types of colloids”. Utilizing the ADDIE model, an Android-based SIM was developed. The level of acceptability for implementation of the Android-based SIM generally appeared as “good” in terms of technical, instructional, activity, content and significance. Hence, it is recommended that teachers should venture into designing intervention materials that are technologically assisted. Moreover, future studies may explore on assessing the effectiveness of the Android-based SIM in improving students’ performance on the identified least mastered competency.
Muhammad Firdaus Mustapha, Siti Haslini Ab Hamid
Face expressions offer a non-verbal channel for understanding student engagement and feedback in higher education learning environment. With the rise of affective computing, face expression recognition (FER) applications have gained attention for their ability to the recognize and respond to learners’ emotional cues in real time. Nevertheless, developing a stable FER model often involves complex deep learning architectures and large-scale annotated datasets. Therefore, this study presents the development of a FER model using Google Teachable Machine (GTM) to support learning feedback in higher education. The proposed FER model can classify five categories of face expressions. A dataset comprising 600 face images was collected and divided into 85% for training and 15% for validation/testing. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score metrics. The confusion matrix showed reliable performance for all face expression categories, validating the effectiveness of GTM for accessible FER model.
Mohd Riduan Ahmad, Muhammad Haziq Muhammad Sabri, Muhammad Zulfarhan Mohd Sabri, Norbayah Yusop
This paper presents the development of a low-cost lightning detection system, addressing the limitation of existing systems that are typically expensive. The aim was to design a low-cost lightning detection system to accurately capture lightning flashes within the frequency range of 1Hz to 10MHz. The lightning detection system was fully assembled using a Fast Field buffer circuit integrated with a parallel-plate antenna to ensure accurate detection of lightning flashes. The system successfully detected a total of 60 negative cloud-to-ground (-CG) flashes and 51 intra-cloud (IC) flashes on 11 July 2023 between 01:32:00 and 08:3:00. Analysis of the –CG flashes indicates that the majority of 54 flashes consisted of single return strokes, while only 6 flashes exhibited subsequent return strokes which 4 flashes with two subsequent return strokes and 2 with three subsequent return strokes, respectively. The developed system achieved an 83% consistency in identifying lightning flashes when comparing with an existing lightning detection system, demonstrating its potential as a low-cost yet reliable alternative.
Almairah C. Regaro, Ariel O. Ellare, Arlyn R. Alcopra, Elesar V. Malicoban, Monera A. Salic-Hairulla, Vanjoreeh A. Madale
This study employed a research and development (R&D) design to develop and validate an inquiry-based Physics Flight Quest (PFQ) activity packet integrated with PhET simulations for teaching projectile motion in Grade 9. A needs assessment was conducted among in-service Science teachers to identify instructional challenges and common student misconceptions related to projectile motion. Guided by the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate), the activity packet was systematically designed and refined through iterative revisions. Validation was conducted by five in-service teachers and science education specialist who evaluated the content accuracy, instructional clarity, and pedagogical effectiveness of the material using an adapted instrument. Revisions were made based on their recommendations, emphasizing clearer instructions, contextual examples, and improved visual aids. Result indicated that the developed PFQ activity packet was highly valid across learning outcomes, instructional characteristics, and effects on learning, suggesting its readiness for classroom implementation. The study highlights the potential of inquiry-based instructional materials integrated with PhET simulations to support conceptual understanding and learner-centered physics instructions.
Almairah C. Regaro, Ariel O. Ellare, Arlyn R. Alcopra, Elesar V. Malicoban, Monera A. Salic-Hairulla, Vanjoreeh A. Madale
This study employed a research and development (R&D) design to develop and validate an inquiry-based Physics Flight Quest (PFQ) activity packet integrated with PhET simulations for teaching projectile motion in Grade 9. A needs assessment was conducted among in-service Science teachers to identify instructional challenges and common student misconceptions related to projectile motion. Guided by the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate), the activity packet was systematically designed and refined through iterative revisions. Validation was conducted by five in-service teachers and science education specialist who evaluated the content accuracy, instructional clarity, and pedagogical effectiveness of the material using an adapted instrument. Revisions were made based on their recommendations, emphasizing clearer instructions, contextual examples, and improved visual aids. Result indicated that the developed PFQ activity packet was highly valid across learning outcomes, instructional characteristics, and effects on learning, suggesting its readiness for classroom implementation. The study highlights the potential of inquiry-based instructional materials integrated with PhET simulations to support conceptual understanding and learner-centered physics instructions.
Dr. Jasper Isoe, Fain Kum Emmanuel
Given the central role anxiety plays in psychological practice, shaping clients’ behavior, therapeutic engagement, and treatment decisions, the development, validation, and application of the Beck Anxiety Inventory within the Kenyan context is essential to ensure accurate assessment and culturally relevant care. This paper critically examined the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) in Kenya, highlighting limited local use and a lack of cultural validation. Most Kenyan studies emphasize prevalence rather than evaluating the BAI’s accuracy across diverse languages and cultural contexts. The tool’s Western origins raise concerns about cultural relevance and symptom interpretation, especially given the overlap of somatic anxiety with common physical illnesses in Kenyan populations. This review underscores the urgent need for thorough local validation, careful translation, and development of indigenous anxiety measures rooted in Kenyan culture. Enhancing psychometric rigor and regulatory oversight will strengthen psychological assessment and counselling practices in Kenya, ensuring they are both reliable and culturally sensitive. This critique assesses the BAI’s development, psychometric validation, and contextual application in Kenya, emphasizing methodological constraints and ethical implications. The paper highlights the pressing necessity for local validation, methodical translation, and the prospective creation of indigenous anxiety assessments rooted in Kenyan culture and language. Improving psychometric research and regulatory frameworks will make psychological testing in Kenya's changing counselling psychology field more reliable and culturally sensitive.
Adie Gabriel Ugbong, Dr Jasper Isoe
There is a growing recognition about the mental health of those in the helping profession, especially since they encounter traumatic clients and incidents. As a result, there is an increasing interest in studying secondary traumatic stress (STS) among this population. Many validation studies of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS) have been carried out yielding positive outcomes, yet there remains a gap in the local validation or adaptation of the STSS in Kenya. The purpose of this study was to examine the development, validation and application of the STSS in the assessment of STS in the Kenyan context. This was achieved by reviewing current literature from peer-reviewed journals between 2020 to 2025. The studies presented here were screened for their empirical use, their translation process, and their validation or adaptation of the STSS. Some important information extracted from these reviewed sources included the factor structures of the tool, the internal consistency indices, contextual suitability, and the translation methods. Global validation studies (Chinese, Italian, Urdu, French) demonstrated strong reliability of the STSS with two studies (Italian & Chinese versions) indicating some modifications or restructuring of the factor structure of the STSS. The African studies indicate that the STSS has high internal consistency (α > .80), but they all lack cultural validation, translation procedures and confirmatory analysis (CFA). Although the STSS has also been used in Kenya across the healthcare and humanitarian fields and has exhibited high internal consistency, no validation studies have been undertaken to test its structural validity. This gap raises concerns about the structural and cultural suitability of the tool within Kenya and Africa in general. This study recommends that future research should prioritize the validation of the STSS including translating, CFA, and measurement invariance testing to ensure that the STSS culturally and contextually reflects the phenomena of secondary traumatic stress within Kenyan populations and Africa in general.
Hermit D. Belano, Joel T. Aclao
School leadership is significant in creating safe and inclusive digital learning environments in the changing demands of the digital age. This study aimed to explore how school heads promote digital citizenship through ethical leadership, inclusive practices, and strategic alignment with global educational goals. Using qualitative content analysis, the study employed Bowen’s document analysis framework to examine peer-reviewed literature from 2020 to 2025, supported by AI-assisted tools such as ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, and Gemini AI for thematic coding and synthesis. The purposive sampling of scholarly articles enabled a focused exploration of leadership practices that support digital inclusion and safety. The findings revealed that school heads foster digital citizenship by modeling ethical technology use, supporting teacher professional development, and ensuring equitable access to ICT. Transformational and distributed models of leadership, strategic planning, and support of AI ethics were central to promoting inclusive digital cultures. These practices strongly aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 4, particularly in promoting equity, lifelong learning, and global citizenship. The study contributes to the theoretical and practical insight about digital leadership and provides policy, leadership development, and inclusive education reform.
Cheepu Ravi Kiran, Mallam Anjali, Venkata Krishna Reddy Chinnapareddy
Background: A significant number of women in India continue to be left out of the formal financial systems and hence are unable to move towards sustainable livelihoods. Digital financial services are being touted as a promising tool for inclusion; however, the evidence to suggest that this leads to multidimensional sustainability outcomes—particularly for marginalized women—is weak. Andhra Pradesh, being a state with varied rural, tribal, and semi-urban settings allows us to study this association. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional quantitative study conducted in 2024 among 280 at-risk women between the ages of 18 and 60 from six districts of Andhra Pradesh, by applying multistage stratified random sampling. Digital financial literacy was assessed with a validated 10-item Likert-scale tool (Cronbach’s α = 0.847). We measured sustainability outcomes in terms of economic, social, and environmental outcomes. Analysis techniques included descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests for a sub-sample who received a digital financial literacy intervention, tests for multi-collinearity, and multiple regression analysis with socio-demographic variables as control variables.
Rohaiza Kamis
Digital financial inclusion has accelerated in Southeast Asia, particularly in Malaysia and Indonesia, where e-wallets and QR-based payments are reshaping financial behaviour and expanding access to digital services. This conceptual study examines the determinants of digital payment growth in both countries by integrating three behavioural theories (TAM, UTAUT, TRI), peer-reviewed literature, national policy frameworks, and Scopus AI–generated thematic and conceptual analyses. The findings show that Malaysia’s adoption is driven mainly by perceived usefulness, security assurance, and regulator-led infrastructure such as DuitNow QR, while Indonesia’s adoption is influenced by technology readiness, merchant compatibility, and the widespread diffusion of QRIS among MSMEs. Persistent challenges include digital literacy gaps, uneven infrastructure, trust and security concerns, and differences in regulatory maturity. Emerging themes which are environmental sustainability, Sharia-compliant digital finance, strengthened legal frameworks, and culturally grounded initiatives further explain variations in adoption behaviour and inclusion outcomes. The study proposes an integrated conceptual framework linking structural, behavioural, and ecosystem-level factors, and highlights differentiated policy priorities to strengthen inclusive, resilient, and sustainable digital financial systems in both countries.
Dr. Wan Hanim Nadhrah binti Wan Muda, Fatimatuzzahrah binti Roslan
Drastic changes in education show management changes in terms of leadership in parallel with PPM 2013-2025 which has now entered the third wave of PPM (2021-2025). The study respondents consisted of 400 administrators working in 100 randomly selected schools. The findings of the study show that the level of commitment for the respondents is high. In this study, the instrument used is a questionnaire and uses the Statistical Packages For Social Sciences (SPSS) software to obtain more clear and easy-to-understand data. The findings of the study also show that the respondents' level of knowledge in digital leadership is at a moderate level. While from the aspect of teacher commitment, the respondent's level is moderate. From the findings of the study, there is a correlation between the respondents' commitment and digital leadership in day schools. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, One-way and Two-way ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation. The findings of the study also show that there is no significant difference in the level of digital leadership in making decisions based on the location and grade of the school. In conclusion, this study found that organizational support moderated the relationship between digital leadership and teacher commitment.
Mahazir Ismail, Mohd Firdaus Ruslan
Digitalisation has become a defining force in contemporary international business, reshaping how firms create value, access foreign markets, and coordinate cross-border activities. As digital technologies enable new forms of virtual internationalisation, platform-based global engagement, and data-driven decision-making, they challenge long-standing assumptions embedded in classical international business (IB) theory. At the same time, the rise of national and regional data governance regimes—encompassing data localisation laws, privacy regulations, and cybersecurity frameworks—introduces new institutional complexities that directly influence the feasibility and effectiveness of digitally enabled global expansion. This conceptual paper examines how the interaction between digitalisation, data governance, and cross-border digital trade mechanisms reshapes the logic of internationalisation in the digital era. Drawing on insights from digital trade research, institutional perspectives, and technology-enabled internationalisation literature, the paper develops an integrated conceptual framework that positions Global Market Expansion Capability (GMEC) as a contemporary outcome of digital-era globalisation. GMEC captures the digitally enabled agility with which firms identify, access, and scale across foreign markets under varying institutional conditions. The paper contributes to IB theory by explaining how digital capabilities, digital regulatory complexity, and digitally mediated trade pathways jointly determine international expansion patterns. Directions for future research are proposed to guide empirical validation and theoretical refinement.
Ikmal Hisham Md Tah, Mohd Faiz Shuhaimi, Mohd Faizal Che Yusof, Muhammad Fikri Othman, Nur Ezan Rahmat, Wan Arnidawati Wan Abdullah
Despite a legal framework protecting the employment rights of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Malaysia, a significant gap persists between statutory guarantees and societal awareness. This paper introduces an innovation designed to bridge this gap: a mobile application that assists PWDs in navigating both job searching and legal literacy. The application serves as a comprehensive ecosystem that aggregates job vacancies, domestic and international labour standards, and conflict-resolution guides. To ensure sustainability and data integrity, the updated version ("I-OK v2") integrates critical features, including real-time announcements, user feedback loops, and a centralised administrator page. This study evaluates the application’s development and its strategic potential in empowering PWDs to achieve sustainable employment and inclusivity in the national workforce.
Hasnah Binti Mohamed, Xuan Gao
At present, some scholars have conducted research on online learning from a psychological perspective. Based on this, from the aspects of learners' meta-cognitive ability, learners' original knowledge base, learners' motivation, learners' learning styles, etc., the psychological factors required for online learning in the adult-oriented modern distance education environment are discussed and analyzed, aiming to provide reference opinions for adult learners to better conduct online learning and for online course designers to design a better online teaching environment.
Hassan Mohamed
In general, the doctrine of anticipatory breach of contract addresses circumstances arising in the interim period between contract formation and the agreed time for performance that materially increase the risk that the promised performance will not be forthcoming when due. In short, the doctrine of anticipatory breach provides a party anticipating a future breach with immediate legal relief, without having to wait for an actual breach to materialise. The United Arab Emirates (UAE), an emerging civil law jurisdiction, does not expressly incorporate a doctrine equivalent to anticipatory breach into its statutory framework. The central inquiry of this article is whether the current UAE regime provides solutions that are functionally comparable to the doctrine of anticipatory breach. After a brief overview of the legal principles relating to anticipatory breach and the legal landscape in the UAE, this article proceeds to analyse a sample of construction-related disputes in which certain UAE courts appeared to permit forms of relief that resemble the outcomes typically associated with anticipatory breach. The article examines the legal implications of those cases.
Husna Husain
Dr. Fadhl Hasan Abbas is a contemporary Jordanian scholar who is renowned in the field of Ulum al-Quran and Quranic exegesis. He has produced many works related to these fields of knowledge, including the book Tafsir al-Quran al-Majid. Although this book is a compilation of his tafsir lectures that were rewritten from one of the radio channels in Jordan, it still clearly demonstrates his methodology in interpreting the Quran. This qualitative study based on the library method examines this tafsir work in depth, supplemented by comparison with other contemporary tafsir works including Tafsir al-Munir, Fi Zilal al-Quran, and al-Tafsir al-Wasit. The findings show that this concise tafsir provides many insightful comments on the verses clearly and succinctly, whilst always relating the verses of the Quran to current affairs and issues occurring today. In addition, this tafsir book does not discuss questions that are not related to the verses being discussed. This article presents a structured analytical framework categorising Dr. Fadhl's thirteen methodological features, demonstrating his distinctive linguistic-based approach within modern exegetical discourse. In conclusion, the book Tafsir al-Quran al-Majid possesses characteristics that are highly suitable for contemporary reading and is excellent for introduction to the general public in Malaysia.
Zulkiffly Baharom
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are pivotal to economic development yet major contributors to industrial pollution, underscoring the need for their adoption of green technologies for sustainable transitions. This narrative review synthesizes findings from 122 studies (2009–2025) to map the complex landscape of obstacles and enablers influencing green technology adoption in SMEs globally. Drawing on institutional theory, resource-based, and diffusion-of-innovation perspectives, the analysis, spanning diverse geographic regions (Europe, Asia, emerging economies) and sectors (manufacturing, services), identifies financial constraints (high initial costs, limited capital access) as the most pervasive barrier, especially in developing economies. Additional challenges include knowledge gaps, regulatory complexities, and organizational inertia. Conversely, strong internal drivers (managerial commitment, environmental values) coupled with external support (government incentives, collaborative networks, market pressures) significantly promote adoption. The review highlights the dynamic interplay and contextual dependence of these factors, underscoring how targeted policy and strategic management can overcome barriers. Emerging trends, such as digitalization and circular economy principles, present new pathways for SME engagement. By integrating these insights, the review proposes a testable conceptual framework that delineates the direct, moderating, and interactive roles of key factors, providing a structured foundation for future research, policy design, and managerial practice aimed at accelerating the uptake of green technologies in the vital SME sector.
Abdoulie A. Jallow, Katim Touray
This study examines the dynamic relationship between inflation and economic growth in The Gambia for the period 2000-2024 using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Annual data on GDP growth, inflation, and the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) are analyzed through unit-root tests, cointegration analysis, and VECM estimation to capture both short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationships. The results reveal a statistically significant and economically meaningful negative long-run effect of inflation on GDP growth, while the REER does not significantly influence long-term growth. Short-run effects of inflation on growth are weak and statistically significant, and adjustment toward long-run equilibrium is slow. Graphical evidence further suggests nonlinear dynamics, where episodes of elevated inflation coincide with growth downturns. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining price stability to support sustainable economic growth in The Gambia. The paper concludes with policy recommendations, including the adoption of a formal inflation-targeting framework, strengthened monetary-fiscal coordination, and structural reforms to enhance revenue mobilization and reduce import dependence.
Edwick Murungu
Background: Africa’s digital marketplace is expanding rapidly, yet the continent’s 250 million working-age women still perform three-quarters of unpaid care work, restricting their capacity to exploit online opportunity. This study introduces Digitally Flexible Entrepreneurship (DFE), a care-sensitive lens that reframes unpaid care as a core input to production rather than an external social cost. Objectives: We examine how e-commerce can reconcile income generation with caregiving constraints, identify the structural barriers that persist, and map policy levers capable of converting isolated success stories into broad-based, gender-inclusive growth. Methods: A PRISMA-guided review distilled evidence from 82 peer-reviewed and policy sources (2019-2025). Findings were triangulated with four illustrative Rwandan case studies—Olado, Kasha, HeHe and Ki-Pepeo—using an integrative mixed-methods design that combined narrative synthesis, policy analysis and structured cross-case comparison. Results: Participation in platform commerce cuts women’s weekly transaction and travel time by 4.0–6.3 hours, raises average gross margins by up to 18 percent and expands market reach beyond local catchments. Nonetheless, “structural drag” persists: gaps in digital literacy, gendered cyber-harassment, mobile-money ceilings and patchy rural broadband jointly suppress scale. Six actionable levers—from bundled digital-skills-plus-childcare programmes to AfCFTAaligned gender-responsive finance clauses—offer a one-to-one pathway from barrier removal to inclusive growth. Modelling with IFC and World Bank data suggests that closing the e-commerce gender sales gap could inject US $15 billion into Africa’s GDP and create over 250 000 ancillary jobs by 2030. Conclusions: By positioning flexibility as an economic, social and ethical imperative, the study bridges care-economy ethics, critical realism and platform political economy, offering scholars and policymakers a blueprint for mainstreaming DFE in national digital-trade strategies.
Eddie S. Corpuz, Hannah Grace S. Parcasio, Nionel H. Tabigne
This study investigates the factors influencing suicidal ideation among undergraduate students at the University of Science and Technology of the Philippines – Claveria Campus. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational design, the research aims to understand the socio-demographic profiles of students and the manifestation of suicidal ideation indicators. A sample of 1,047 students was selected through cluster sampling, ensuring representation across various year levels and courses. Data were collected via survey questionnaires, focusing on psychological, social, economic, and academic factors contributing to suicidal thoughts. Statistical analyses, including descriptive and inferential techniques, were employed to identify significant differences in suicidal ideation based on gender and year level. The findings reveal critical insights into the prevalence of suicidal ideation among students, highlighting the necessity for tailored mental health programs that address the unique needs of different demographics. The study underscores the importance of fostering a supportive academic environment and encourages ongoing research to monitor trends in suicidal ideation and the effectiveness of interventions. Recommendations includes engaging students in mental health awareness activities and promoting open communication between parents and children regarding mental health issues. This research contributes to the understanding of suicidal ideation in educational settings and informs the development of effective prevention strategies.
Ahmad Shahir Jamaludin, Mohd Amran Md Ali, Wan Noor Azrina Wan Azhari
Plastic injection moulding (PIM) is a widely used manufacturing process for producing high-precision plastic components. Among various process parameters thermal condition particularly core and cavity temperatures and their respective cooling rates significantly affect the volumetric shrinkage of moulded parts. Non-uniform cooling due to imbalanced temperature profiles can lead to percentage volumetric shrinkage, causing residual stresses, dimensional inaccuracies, and warpage. This study investigates the effects of core temperature, cavity temperature, and cooling time on volumetric shrinkage in the injection moulding process. A statistical approach using Design of Experiments (DOE) based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the relationships and interactions among these parameters. The results indicate that core temperature has the most significant parameter influence on volumetric shrinkage, followed by cavity temperature. However, cooling time alone showed minimal statistical impact. However, a notable interaction between core temperature and cooling time was observed, suggesting a synergistic effect on volumetric shrinkage behavior. Optimization of process parameters yielded optimal settings of 15 °C core temperature, 60.45 °C cavity temperature, and 12.5 s cooling time. These conditions reduced percentage volumetric shrinkage to 36.59%, significantly improving part dimensional stability. The predictive model demonstrated high accuracy, with an average differential of only 1.43% compared to experimental results. These findings highlight the critical role of thermal management and parameter interactions in minimizing volumetric shrinkage in plastic injection moulding.
De. Robert Ike Eke, Ebulogu Onyekachukwu Gladys, Joseph E Ekpenyong
This study investigates the effect of employee engagement on turnover intentions in the banking industry in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. High employee turnover has become a critical challenge in the sector, disrupting operations and increasing recruitment and training costs. Drawing on the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions of employee engagement, the study examines how each dimension influences employees’ intentions to leave their organizations. A quantitative research design was employed, using structured questionnaires administered to 316 bank employees selected through stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that behavioral engagement (β = 2.030, p < 0.01), emotional commitment (β = 2.043, p < 0.01), and cognitive engagement (β = 2.034, p < 0.01) each had a significant negative effect on turnover intentions. The model demonstrated strong explanatory power, with an R² value of 0.66, indicating that 66% of the variation in turnover intentions could be attributed to these engagement factors. The results suggest that employees who are behaviorally active, emotionally connected, and cognitively involved are less likely to consider leaving their jobs. The study concludes that fostering comprehensive engagement strategies—encompassing emotional attachment, active participation, and intellectual involvement—can effectively reduce turnover intentions and enhance workforce stability. It recommends that bank management in Nigeria’s banking sector prioritize initiatives that build loyalty, promote involvement in decision-making, and encourage continuous professional development to strengthen employee retention and organizational performance.
Dr Viriri Piason, Peku Ashley Tatenda
The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the adoption of a multicurrency system promotes operational efficiency, financial stability, and overall company performance in the car rental industry in Zimbabwe. The aim was to generate evidence-based views that could guide managerial decision-making and inform policy on currency management in volatile economic environments. The research objectives were (a) to assess the effects of multicurrency usage on business operations and profitability, (b) to identify challenges and opportunities linked to the use of multiple currencies, and (c) to recommend strategies for enhancing performance under multicurrency conditions. The adoption of multiple currencies, particularly the Zimbabwean dollar (ZWL) alongside major international currencies such as the United States dollar (USD), has become a defining feature of Zimbabwe’s post-dollarisation economy. A total population of 200 employees from 5 car rental companies was used, in which a sample of 76 participants was selected using a stratified random sampling technique, whereby participants were chosen according to strata. A quantitative approach was employed and data was gathered from managers, accountants, and operational staff from various car rental firms. Data were analysed statistically to identify key patterns. The findings revealed that multicurrency usage significantly affects pricing strategies, cost structures, and customer purchasing behaviour. Companies operating in this environment face challenges such as exchange rate volatility, pricing inconsistencies, and operational inefficiencies. However, the use of stable foreign currencies was also found to enhance competitiveness, stabilise revenue, and improve overall business performance. The study concludes that while multicurrency usage presents operational difficulties, it offers a critical cushion against hyperinflation and financial uncertainty. It recommends consistent monetary policies, transparent exchange rate systems, and strategic financial planning for firms operating under multicurrency conditions.
Joshua, M. Gitonga, Prof. George Ochieng Otieno, Prof. John Paul Oyore
The effective use of Routine Health Data (RHD) remains a critical yet underutilized component of health system governance in many low- and middle-income settings. This quasi-experimental study examined the impact of a structured training intervention on the capacity of County Health Management Teams (CHMTs) in Kenya to apply in public health decision-making. Twelve counties were selected across six regional blocs, with six receiving the intervention and six serving as controls. Data collected at baseline and endline using structured questionnaires were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) model. Results showed significant improvements in analytical, interpretive, and application competencies among trained CHMT members, with a 0.45-unit increase in perceived data-use capacity relative to controls. The findings underscore that systematic capacity-building enhances data-driven decision-making and should be institutionalized within county health leadership frameworks.
Arban, Gian Karlo, Arboladura, Gilliane Khaye, C., Atay, Ma. Keisha Corrine, Bashier, Hanna Maicka B., Dela Cerna, Domato, Mohammad Arief, A., Jamal, Norjanah, B., Lazula, Ruffa Mae, Michael Angelo, R., Rosal, Athan Raphel D., Taguran, Decemrier, D.
This study examined the effective study habits and strategies of Grade 10 Academic Achievement Awardees at Iligan City National High School for S.Y. 2024–2025. Using a descriptive mixed-method design, data were collected from 40 awardees via surveys and interviews. Descriptive statistics summarized quantitative responses, while thematic analysis was used to interpret qualitative data. Findings revealed that students employed structured routines—such as goal-setting, time management, and regular review—and used study aids like flashcards and visual organizers. Motivation, self-discipline, and a supportive environment emerged as critical enablers of their consistent performance. Drawing on current research, the study aligns with evidence that self-regulated learning practices positively impact academic success. Overall, the combination of effective study habits and self-regulated strategies contributes significantly to high academic achievement.
Abdul Muqsith Ahmad, Azizul Qayyum Basri, Mohd Muslim Md Zalli, Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Jamil, Mohd Syaubari Othman, Nur Hidayah Hamdan, Siti Faizzatul Aqmal Mohamad Mohsin
This narrative review synthesizes current research on effective teaching strategies for students with disabilities in vocational education settings. The review aims to identify core instructional approaches, contextual challenges, and gaps in the literature to inform inclusive practice and guide future research. Students with disabilities in vocational pathways often face barriers related to communication, skill mastery, workplace readiness, and transition to employment. However, many also demonstrate strengths in practical learning, persistence, and task engagement when instruction is appropriately structured and individualized. These varying learner profiles highlight the need for teaching approaches that are both evidences based and responsive to the demands of vocational training environments. A structured search across Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, and Google Scholar yielded 50 high quality studies meeting predefined criteria. The included literature spans experimental, qualitative, mixed method, and review designs focusing on learners with intellectual, developmental, physical, and sensory disabilities. Findings consistently support systematic instructional strategies such as task analysis, response prompting, and video modelling, particularly for skill acquisition in hands on vocational tasks. Inclusive frameworks including Universal Design for Learning, differentiated instruction, and co teaching further enhance accessibility and participation. Technology enhanced tools, such as mobile learning and augmented reality, show promising potential but remain underexplored in terms of scalability and long-term outcomes. The review also underscores the importance of teacher preparedness, professional learning, and institutional support as critical conditions for effective implementation. Persistent gaps include limited culturally responsive practices, minimal research on learners with physical and sensory disabilities, and challenges integrating individualized and whole class inclusive models. This review contributes by consolidating evidence-based strategies and outlining context sensitive recommendations to strengthen inclusive vocational education
Joemmaicca Augustta Anak Joggery, Siti Fatimah Md Shariff
HIV remains a persistent public health threat among Malaysian university students, with rising infection rates attributed to misconceptions, limited awareness, and engagement in risky sexual behaviors. Despite ongoing national prevention initiatives, gaps in knowledge and behavioral practices continue to place young adults at heightened risk. This concept paper proposes a structured four-hour HIV health education talk as an evidence-informed approach to strengthen HIV literacy, reshape risk perceptions, and promote preventive behaviors among university students. Guided by the Knowledge–Attitude–Practice (KAP) Model and the Health Belief Model (HBM), the proposed intervention integrates interactive teaching, myth correction, risk-reduction counselling, and practical preventive strategies. The concept highlights the theoretical foundation, relevance, and potential impact of implementing structured, student-centered HIV education in higher learning institutions. It also underscores how such interventions could support national public health goals and inform future program development aimed at reducing HIV transmission among youth. This paper serves as a basis for designing a comprehensive educational initiative tailored to university settings in Malaysia.
Hajer Zorgati, Khouloud Chaabane
This study examines the effect of attitude toward private label brands on the behavioral loyalty of Carrefour customers. An online questionnaire was conducted among 370 Carrefour consumers, enabling us to draw the following conclusions: there is a significant positive relationship between attitude towards private labels and its determinants (price sensitivity, trust in the retailer, and smart shopper feeling) and a significant negative relationship (sensitivity to manufacturer brands). In addition, the relationship between attitudes towards private label products and behavioral loyalty was confirmed.
Benedict M. Mwenji, Edward G. Karuri, Michael M. Gicheru
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of geohelminths on academic performance of school children living in slums of Nairobi County, Kenya. A longitudinal study was carried out in children aged 6-18 years in classes 2-7 from schools within 2 slums in Nairobi County. Household socio-economic status questionnaires were administered to cater for potential confounders. Stools were collected and analyzed by modified Ridley and Kato-Katz Thick Stool Smear techniques. Infection intensity was defined by World Health Organization criteria and 3 terms pre- and 2 terms post-treatment academic records were collected for analysis; data were coded and entered in the Microsoft Excel. Data was analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software, Version 9.4 M8 (2023) for descriptive statistics and Analysis of variance (ANOVA); t-test was used to detect significant differences in pre-treatment, post-treatment academic performance. Pearsons Product Moment Correlation analysis was used to show associations between intensity of geohelminthiases and academic performance. The highest prevalence occurred with Ascaris lumbricoides (37.4%) and Trichuris trichiura (33.2%). Highest number of light and moderate infections (16.5%) and (10.4%), respectively, occurred in 11-14 years age-group, pre-treatment. No Strongyloides stercoralis larvae were seen in stools. There was significant difference in infection intensities with T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides between males and females, p < 0.05, with females having higher infections. Geohelminthiases adversely affected Academic performance) r = - 0.879; p<0.05). Treatment with albendazole was more effective with A. lumbricoides than T. trichura. We recommend that effective control of geohelminths required periodic, regular mass deworming with benzimindazoles (broad-spectrum athelminthics). In addition, stake holders need to be properly informed on the importance of maintaining proper environmental sanitation and effective health education campaign strategies.
Baaki John Terzungwe, Kayode Adeniran Omojuwa
This research investigates the multifaceted interplay between international wars and global climate action. The study addresses the pressing need to understand the impact of wars on climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts, environmental consequences, and diplomatic challenges hindering international collaboration. Employing a quantitative research design with a survey instrument, the study collected data from professionals and organizations in Nigeria. The results highlight significant hindrances posed by wars to climate initiatives, substantial environmental consequences, and diplomatic challenges influencing global collaboration. Recommendations are proposed to enhance integrated diplomacy, resource-sharing mechanisms, political dialogue platforms, trust-building initiatives, inclusive climate policies, global governance reforms, capacity building, and early warning systems. Acknowledging limitations, including sampling bias and inherent subjectivity, the research contributes nuanced insights to the discourse on the wars-climate nexus, guiding future studies and informing policy considerations.
Bintu Umar Machina
Post-harvest losses caused by the cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) pose a significant threat to food security and economic stability in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the insecticidal efficacy of two readily available botanicals—olive oil and chilli pepper (Capsicum spp.) powder—as sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides. A comprehensive laboratory bioassay was conducted, applying varying concentrations of each substance to C. maculatus over a 24-hour period under controlled hot season conditions (28-38°C). Concurrent phytochemical screening was performed to identify constituent bioactive compounds. Results demonstrated a concentration-dependent mortality response for both treatments. Olive oil proved significantly more effective (p < 0.05), achieving an overall mean mortality of 79.6% and an LC50 of 14.8%, compared to chilli pepper's 66.1% mortality and LC50 of 22.3 mg/ml. Phytochemical analysis revealed a broader spectrum of bioactive compounds in olive oil, including steroids and oxalates, which were absent in chilli pepper. The superior efficacy of olive oil is attributed to a dual mechanism of physical suffocation and synergistic biochemical toxicity. This research conclusively validates both botanicals, particularly olive oil, as highly effective, affordable, and eco-friendly biopesticides suitable for integration into stored product IPM strategies by smallholder farmers, directly contributing to reduced post-harvest losses and enhanced food security.
Dariel Justin V. Daquioag, Enrik Kristoffer L. Paulino, James Clarence P. Yapo, Peter John B. Ladran, Regie Boy B. Fabro, Ronald C. Esmeralda Jr
This study aims to evaluate the level of awareness and compliance of residents in Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines with electrical installation safety standards, identify factors affecting compliance, and propose strategies to improve awareness and adherence. Using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, quantitative data are collected through survey questionnaires and compliance checklists, while qualitative insights are gathered through semi-structured interviews with key informants, including electricians, local government officials, and safety inspectors. Stratified random sampling is employed for the quantitative component, while purposive sampling is used for the qualitative component to ensure diverse and representative perspectives.
Ndidi Mercy Ofole, Ohanekwu Emmanuel Uzomaka
Ministry, particularly in Pentecostal churches, is an emotionally demanding and high-pressure vocation. Pentecostal pastors, in particular, are expected to be deeply engaged with their congregations, providing spiritual guidance, counseling, and emotional support. These expectations, often coupled with the administrative responsibilities of leading a church, can result in significant ministerial stress. Stress in the pastoral role can manifest in various forms, including emotional exhaustion, burnout, role ambiguity, and interpersonal conflicts, all of which can negatively impact a pastor's well-being and ministry effectiveness. This study examine emotional intelligence and personality type as predictors of ministerial stress among Pentecostal church pastors in Ibadan Metropolis.
Joseph Kabuye, Leonsio Matagi, Sarapio Serunjogi
The purpose of this study was to investigate the interplay between emotional intelligence (EI) and turnover intentions (TOI) among Ugandan nurses, with a focus on the moderating role of workplace stress (WS). A correlational survey research design was utilized, employing a quantitative approach with a standard closed-ended self-administered questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 123 nurses. The data were entered into the computer using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 27 (IBM SPSS) and the moderating role was tested using PROCESS macro for SPSS (Hayes, 2022) through model 1. The results indicated that workplace moderates the relationship between emotional intelligence and turnover intentions. The results imply that stress weakens the positive impact of emotional intelligence on reducing turnover intentions which means that even emotionally intelligent nurses may consider leaving when stress levels are high. Therefore, employers and other people managers need to prioritize stress-reduction programs such as mindfulness training, adequate rest periods, and supportive supervision to allow nurses’ emotional intelligence to function effectively.
Aparajita Priti, Prof. Pasunuri Amaraveni
For examining the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and work performance in the Indian banking industry, this study seeks to understand the variables that influence EI. With the ever-changing Indian banking business, it is more important than ever to comprehend the effects of emotional intelligence on employee performance in order to boost output and contentment on the job. This empirical research investigates the factors that influence EI among bank employees and how it relates to different performance measures. Management buy-in, company culture, training initiatives, and employees' unique personalities are some of the elements highlighted as having an impact on EI in the research studies. Important performance outcomes including employee engagement, job satisfaction, and productivity are also investigated in relation to EI. The results show that there is a strong link between EI and better performance on the job, which proves that EI is a key factor in making employees productive. Financial organisations may use the study's findings to improve their employees' emotional intelligence (EI), which will lead to higher productivity and morale on the job.
Estayo, John Edward S.
Empowerment in organizations emphasizes the importance of a shared vision, clear communication, and mutual trust so that employees understand the goals and expectations of the organization. Without this common understanding, empowerment efforts risk creating confusion rather than improving performance. When employees feel trusted and are encouraged to take initiative without fear of punishment, they become more willing to take risks and contribute meaningfully to organizational goals. Employee empowerment has gained significant attention in both research and practice because of its strong relationship with improved job satisfaction, commitment, and overall performance. Empowered employees are able to make timely decisions, respond to environmental changes, and contribute to the organization’s flexibility and innovativeness. As globalization increases workplace demands, organizations that promote empowerment are better positioned to motivate, retain, and fully utilize their workforce. Empowerment involves breaking boundaries between management and employees, fostering trust, enhancing motivation, and enabling participation in decision-making. Scholars and practitioners highlight that empowerment is not simply a transfer of authority but also a leadership and motivational strategy. Effective empowerment involves leadership behaviors such as coaching, mentoring, valuing contributions, encouraging initiative, and supporting employees’ autonomy. Research shows that psychological empowerment—characterized by autonomy, competence, meaningfulness, and impact—positively influences employee performance, motivation, and willingness to exert extra effort, especially during organizational challenges. Although empowerment has been studied extensively worldwide, there remains a need to examine how it operates in specific local contexts. In the hotel and restaurant industry, where employees differ widely in background, education, culture, and personality, the dynamics of empowerment may vary significantly. This study thus seeks to explore the empowerment level of hotel employees in Tarlac City and determine whether demographic factors such as age, gender, educational attainment, length of employment, and number of trainings influence their sense of empowerment. Given the limited local research, this study is positioned as a relevant and timely contribution to understanding empowerment within the hospitality sector.
Estayo, John Edward S
Empowerment in organizations emphasizes the importance of a shared vision, clear communication, and mutual trust so that employees understand the goals and expectations of the organization. Without this common understanding, empowerment efforts risk creating confusion rather than improving performance. When employees feel trusted and are encouraged to take initiative without fear of punishment, they become more willing to take risks and contribute meaningfully to organizational goals.
Azhana Othman, Maimunah Johari, Marziana Abd Malib, Maymunah Ismail, Nurul Zamratul Asyikin Ahmad
This paper reviews the intersection between Zakat as a cornerstone of Islamic social finance and digital transformation for empowering the Asnaf community in Malaysia. Through a systematic literature review, it examines the challenges and strategic directions in integrating financial technology (Fintech) and digital platforms into zakat management. This review highlights how digitalization enhances transparency, accountability, and efficiency in zakat collection and distribution, ensuring more equitable access to resources and improving socio-economic outcomes for beneficiaries. However, despite Malaysia’s progressive zakat infrastructure, challenges persist, including digital literacy gaps, inadequate technological readiness, regulatory constraints, and uneven access to digital tools among Asnaf communities. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive digital strategy underpinned by Shariah compliance, robust governance, and technological innovation. The review highlights the role of Islamic fintech, such as blockchain and mobile payment systems, in promoting financial inclusion and strengthening institutional credibility. Furthermore, it identifies the need for capacity building, particularly in digital entrepreneurship and literacy, to transform Asnaf from passive recipients into active economic contributors. Ultimately, the paper discusses that the synergy between zakat and digital transformation presents a transformative pathway for sustainable poverty alleviation and socioeconomic empowerment in Malaysia, aligning with the objectives of Maqasid al-Shariah and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Dr. Lolita A. Dulay, Wilmar R. Mahinay
The 21st century has witnessed a paradigm shift in education, where Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become integral to teaching and learning. This study investigates teachers’ perceptions, challenges, and coping strategies in integrating ICT tools into classroom instruction at Valencia Colleges, Inc., Bukidnon. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, twelve faculty members participated in semi-structured interviews analyzed through Colaizzi’s method. Findings reveal that teachers perceive ICT as transformative, enhancing engagement, interactivity, and instructional relevance. ICT integration has shifted practices from lecture-based to learner-driven approaches, fostering blended learning, digital literacy, and collaborative environments. Teachers reported increased confidence and motivation when ICT tools were available and supported by institutional culture. Challenges include poor internet connectivity, outdated equipment, insufficient training, and inconsistent technical support. Teachers also noted resistance among colleagues and infrastructural limitations that constrain ICT adoption. Despite these barriers, respondents demonstrated resilience through adaptive strategies such as self-learning, peer collaboration, flipped classrooms, and mobile-based instruction. The study concludes that ICT integration is both empowering and demanding, requiring institutional investment and sustained professional development. Recommendations include strengthening infrastructure, establishing ICT support systems, and embedding digital pedagogy in curriculum frameworks. This research contributes to the discourse on educational technology in Philippine higher education, highlighting the need for strategic support to maximize ICT’s potential in science instruction.
Douglas A Salazar, Nassiba B. Macapaser
This study investigated the effectiveness of the enhanced Predict–Observe–Explain–Assess– Evaluate (POEAE) Model on Grade 10 learners’ conceptual understanding and engagement in Biology, specifically in the topic Nervous System. Using a one-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design, the intervention was implemented among 26 students from a private school in Lanao del Norte during the 2024–2025 academic year. Researcher-developed and expert-validated instruments—including a 20-item conceptual understanding test and a 10-item engagement checklist—were utilized to measure learning outcomes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Results from the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test revealed a statistically significant increase in learners’ conceptual understanding (p < .05), with the mean score increasing from 4.85 in the pretest to 15.62 in the posttest, indicating a shift from Beginning/Developing Proficient to Approaching/Advanced Proficient levels. The mean gain score of 10.77 further demonstrated consistent learning improvement among participants. Engagement levels were also notably high, with an overall mean of 4.09, indicating that learners found the POEAE activities stimulating, reflective, and supportive of deeper understanding. Findings confirm that integrating Assess and Evaluate phases strengthens the traditional POE cycle by promoting metacognition, evidence-based reasoning, and sustained engagement. The study concludes that the enhanced POEAE Model is an effective instructional approach for improving both conceptual understanding and learner engagement in Biology.
Genelyn R. Baluyos, Joey Marie S. Revelo, Nidine L. Dominese
Proficiency in reading not only enhances one's knowledge but is essential for a good education. In the framework of education, students must read any written materials about any subject area to understand and become familiar with the source (Nair, 2020). It is common knowledge that proficient readers possess well-developed reading abilities (Hernández-Chérrez et al., 2020). Reading comprehension is thought to be a difficult activity that essentially requires two stages: decoding graphemes and extracting linguistic meanings (Tárraga-Mínguez & Sanz-Cervera, 2020). Along with this, reading comprehension is a necessary skill for deriving meaning from the text (Hasanah & Kholili, 2023). Reading comprehension is the capacity to comprehend and appropriately interpret the information included in a text (Grabe & Stoller, 2019),. Additionally, they pointed out that reading without comprehension is pointless, proving that the two are inextricably linked (Guo et al., 2023). Students must comprehend what they read and derive meaning from it; simply decoding words on a page is insufficient (Lai & Mukundan, 2023). Students who are unable to comprehend are considered to be reading a blank page (Imsa-ard, 2022). However, problems including visual literacy difficulties, unfamiliarity with GOs, poor cognitive level, and choosing the right GO all affect how effective graphic organizers are (Lai & Mukundan, 2023).
Genelyn R. Baluyos, Melvie T. Oro, Rosemarie P. Rabena
Grammar is important in developing students' communication skills and ensuring language accuracy. However, despite its significance, many learners perceive grammar as uninteresting or difficult, often leading to poor mastery of key concepts. This study examined the effectiveness of Click, Play, Learn (CPL), a gamified learning approach focused on subject-verb agreement in enhancing the grammar skills of Grade 7 students during the school year 2024–2025 at a public school in Ozamiz City. The study employed a classroom-based action research design and involved 29 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. To interpret and analyze the results, the study used various statistical tools, including the mean, standard deviation, and t-test.The study found that students’ grammar skills in subject–verb agreement were below expectations before the use of Click, Play, Learn (CPL). After implementing CPL, their mastery of subject–verb agreement reached a very satisfactory level. Therefore, there was a highly significant improvement in students’ grammar skills before and after using the CPL intervention. The significant improvement in students’ grammar skills after the use of CPL affirms its impact as a teaching strategy. Teachers may implement interactive, game-based, and student-centered approaches to grammar instruction. These strategies allow learners to practice subject-verb agreement and other grammar concepts in meaningful and enjoyable ways, promoting long-term mastery
Anis Faradella Abdul Malik, Khairul Adilah binti Ahmad, Norin Rahayu Shamsuddin
Independent mobility is a critical determinant of social health and Quality of Life for individuals with visual impairments, yet physical barriers and limitations in traditional aids often lead to restricted travel, contributing significantly to loneliness, social exclusion, and heightened risks of depression and anxiety. This paper systematically analyzes the development and implementation challenges of Mobile-Based Real-Time Obstacle Detection Systems as a pivotal technological intervention designed to overcome these barriers. Successful RT-ODS relies on highly optimized technical architectures, such as the lightweight YOLOv8 deep learning model, tailored for efficient real-time inference on resource-constrained mobile platforms. Empirical evidence demonstrates the feasibility of achieving robust performance, with some systems attaining an accuracy greater than 90% and a mAP less than 0.5, under varying environmental conditions. Crucially, the adoption and long-term efficacy of these systems are contingent upon addressing socio-economic and ethical constraints. User-centric design requires integrating multimodal feedback (auditory and haptic), while economic accessibility demands low production costs to serve a population often facing financial vulnerability. This synthesis concludes that Real-Time Obstacle Detection Systems, when developed with a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach that balances technical optimization, cost-effectiveness, and rigorous ethical compliance, offers a viable, scalable pathway to significantly enhance the confidence, independence, and social integration of visual impairments individuals.
Douglas A. Salazar, Joshua T. Tajures
Teaching abstract biochemistry concepts, particularly nucleic acids, remains a persistent challenge for educators. To address this, the study developed NucleQuest, a game-based instructional board game, and evaluated its effectiveness in improving students’ conceptual understanding. Specifically, the study examined changes in learners’ pretest and posttest scores and gathered their perceptions of the intervention. A one-group pretest–posttest design was employed with 31 second-year BS Biology students. Participants completed a pretest, engaged in several NucleQuest sessions, and subsequently took a posttest and perception survey. The board game integrated key concepts on nucleotides, DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis through interactive tasks designed to promote engagement and active learning. Findings showed a marked improvement in conceptual understanding, with pretest scores (M = 13.74, SD = 3.23; Very Low) increasing to posttest scores (M = 26.65, SD = 2.72; Very High). The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test confirmed a significant difference between the two sets of scores (Z = –4.868, p < .000). Students also reported positive perceptions, noting that the activity was enjoyable, helped them concentrate, and allowed them to feel more in control of their learning. The study concluded that NucleQuest was an effective supplementary tool for teaching nucleic acids. Its game-based format enhanced engagement, supported conceptual understanding, and offered an alternative instructional strategy for addressing complex biochemistry topics.
Ahmad Rais Mohamad Mokhtar, Norasekin Abd Rashid, Norzawani Ibrahim
Supply chain technology is an essential component of business education as organisations increasingly adopt digital tools to enhance efficiency, visibility, and responsiveness across supply chain networks. However, students often face challenges in understanding and retaining the wide range of technologies involved. This study investigates the effectiveness of mind mapping as a pedagogical strategy to enhance comprehension of supply chain technology concepts among undergraduate students at the Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Puncak Alam. Using a pre- and post-test design, the lecturer provided a structured mind map on the topic, followed by group discussions where students completed an exercise covering 17 areas of supply chain technology. Findings reveal a transformative shift in learning outcomes. Pre-intervention, only 25.0% of students reported possessing basic knowledge, with the majority (63.3%) remaining neutral. Post-intervention, positive agreement surged to 100%, eliminating the neutral and negative sentiment blocks. Specifically, the ability to differentiate technologies was initially the lowest-rated metric, with only 31.7% positive agreement that improved to 100%, while the mean score for this competency rose from 3.10 to 4.59. Additionally, student confidence in the application increased from a mean of 3.55 to 4.54. The study concludes that mind mapping serves as a critical cognitive scaffold, effectively converting uncertainty into mastery. By aligning with visual learning preferences, the tool bridges the gap between passive retention and active application, suggesting it is an essential strategy for teaching data-dense supply chain curriculum.
Clark Dominic Alipasa, Mary Joyce Kabigting
This study investigated the English language proficiency of Capampangan pupils in a public elementary school and identified learner-, teacher-, and school-related challenges as bases for a targeted instructional intervention. Using a descriptive–quantitative design, the study assessed pupils’ proficiency across five domains—vocabulary, spelling, grammar, reading comprehension, and study skills—using Mean Percent Scores (MPS) and qualitative interpretations. Results revealed moderate proficiency in vocabulary, spelling, and grammar, but consistently low performance in reading comprehension and study skills, indicating weaknesses in higher-order literacy and metacognitive skills.
Guangyong Gao, Youssef Akharchaf
Modern networks must manage dynamic traffic driven by 5G, IoT, and cloud services. Traditional traffic en- gineering (TE) technologies such as static routing cannot react in real time, leading to congestion and degraded performance. Predictive and adaptive capabilities come through artificial in- telligence (AI) to overcome these shortcomings. This article compares three classic TE technologies: Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6), SoftwareDefined Wide Area Network- ing (SD-WAN), and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). Each has unique trade-offs: MPLS provides deterministic QoS at a high cost and limited flexibility; SD-WAN provides cost-effective flexibility but does not provide guaranteed QoS; SRv6 makes source routing programmable at the cost of header overhead and scalability demands. To address these drawbacks, we present a TE framework based on AI that leverages predictive analytics for predicting flows and RL to provide adaptive path selection choices. The model was evaluated with simulated enterprise-scale topologies supporting composite traffic mixtures of voice, video, and data. Outcomes demonstrate that AI-driven TE significantly reduces latency and packet loss while improving throughput and cost savings over static TE controls. Predictive rerouting, in particular, achieved double-digit latency savings, while RL dynamically distributed load between MPLS, SD-WAN, and SRv6 paths. These findings confirm that AI-based TE enhances perfor- mance, scalability, and flexibility and is a suitable solution for future heterogeneous and high-traffic networks.
Fauzi Naeim Mohamed, Liu Dongyu, Mo Yunjie, Zhu Zhenya
One of the most serious health issues that older individuals confront is falls, and the majority of these occurrences take place in their homes, where they spend most of their time. Therefore, developing aging-in-place programs requires an understanding of how certain environmental factors influence fall risk. This study, which is based on Environmental Behavior Theory, looks at how behavioral reactions, floor slipperiness, lighting adequacy, and spatial circulation interact to affect older persons' gait stability. Data were gathered from thirty older-adult families using a mixed-methods strategy that includes quantitative modeling, semi-structured interviews, and on-site environmental measurements. The results demonstrate that the most serious environmental risks are low floor friction and inadequate lighting, while limited circulation makes instability worse.A significant intermediary process that connects environmental demands to actual fall likelihood is behavioral adjustment, such as wall-following, stride shortening, and avoiding particular pathways. These associations are regularly supported by statistical analyses, such as correlation matrices, scatter plots, and multiple regression models. The way that environmental limitations influence behavioral adaptive patterns that unintentionally increase risk is further demonstrated by a route model. These results highlight the significance of specific house improvements and improve theoretical understandings of person-environment fit in later age. It has been demonstrated that realistic and affordable methods for lowering fall risk and promoting safer aging in home settings include raising floor traction, making sure circulation paths are obvious, and improving lighting levels
BLINOVA Anastasiia, LI Yanping
This article examines how the idea of equality underpins the development of inclusive education in the Russian Federation. Drawing on international human rights documents, Russian legislation, federal programmes and academic studies, it traces the formation of the legal foundations of inclusion. It considers the extent to which they secure equal access to education for children with disabilities. The analysis follows the historical trajectory from specialised and segregated schooling to contemporary efforts to introduce inclusive practices in mainstream classrooms. The article highlights several factors that influence the practical implementation of inclusion: the physical accessibility of school buildings, the level of teacher preparation, approaches to curriculum and assessment, the psychological adjustment of learners, and the complexity of administrative procedures faced by families. At the same time, Russia has developed a substantial legal framework and launched federal initiatives, such as the “Accessible Environment” programme, which aim to support participation and remove barriers. The article concludes with a set of practical suggestions, including further strengthening of teacher education, expanding psychological and pedagogical support, improving coordination among different policy measures, and long-term information and awareness-raising activities to promote equality in education.
Iortyer Aondover Dominic, Sefiyat Ahouiza Owuri
Monetary policy measures are fundamental macroeconomic plots towards inflation control in an ecosystem. Thus, the paper investigated the impact of monetary policy instruments and inflation dynamics in Nigeria from 1991 -2024. Monetary policy instruments captured as independent variables are, money supply, exchange rate, monetary policy rate, and treasury bills rate, the dependent variable is the consumer price index as a proxy for inflation dynamics. The ECM approach was specified and estimated after pre-estimation tests were conducted. The ECM result revealed varying effects of monetary policy tools on inflation dynamics, as all shows negative impacts on inflation. Some post diagnostics checks were performed to determine the reliability and dependability of the result. On the strength of the findings, the study recommends among others for conscious regulation of money supply and other rates in the ecosystem.
Wafa HadjMohamed
This study investigates the two-way relationship between ESG uncertainty and volatility spillovers across BRICS stock markets over the period November 2002 to March 2025. Conditional volatilities are modelled using an E-GARCH framework, while spillover dynamics are assessed through a Time-Varying Parameter VAR model. Granger causality tests are then employed to explore how ESG uncertainty interacts with market interconnectedness. The results reveal significant yet asymmetric volatility spillovers, with BRICS market connectedness intensifying during episodes of elevated ESG uncertainty. Short-run spillovers exert a strong influence on ESG uncertainty, whereas the opposite effect is comparatively weaker, suggesting that financial markets act as forward-looking indicators of sustainability-related risk perceptions. Evidence of bidirectional causality between ESG uncertainty and bilateral spillovers further underscores the importance of major BRICS economies in shaping ESG dynamics. Overall, the findings provide valuable implications for portfolio allocation, regulatory design, and ESG risk management within BRICS markets.
Adam Daka, PhD, Gladys Matandiko, PhD, Prof. Francis Simui, PhD, Prof. Gistered Muleya PhD
Civic virtues include behaviours such as civic engagement, social responsibility, and altruism, which are vital for democratic participation (Onyx & Bullen, 2016). The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of civic virtues in Zambian society, particularly in Lusaka’s Kanyama and Mandevu communities, using a qualitative approach. The research employed an exploratory case study design and purposive sampling to select a study sample of 25 participants until saturation was achieved. The data was analysed thematically, based on themes and subthemes that emerged. The results showed that Civic virtues like trust and empathy are valued but often undermined by corruption and individualism. While communities offer strong examples of cooperation, practising these virtues was challenged by conservative societal norms that marginalise progressive values. Strengthening civic life requires structural change and inclusive engagement. Other implications are discussed.
Irna Hardiyanti, Mite Setiansah, Mohammad Galang Dwi Cahyo, Nana Sutikna, Nuryanti Nuryanti, R. Muhammad Ihsan, Sekar Diva Parasdya
Women's empowerment is a crucial fundamental aspect of social development and economic acceleration in society. The Muslim Women's Association (Salimah) in Banyumas is a case study of a women's community that has great potential to improve family welfare through economic and community initiatives. This article analyzes Salimah's empowerment model through its Pre-Cooperative Formation Assistance program, which focuses on strengthening management capacity, entrepreneurship, and the establishment of shared stores. The results of the study show that a participatory approach, the formation of Pre-Cooperatives as a forum for collective learning, and intensive assistance have the potential to increase women's economic independence while strengthening community solidarity based on religious values. This program makes a real contribution to development communication by placing women as central actors of change. These findings confirm that women's empowerment through pre-cooperatives has the potential to become a model of socio-economic sustainability at the grassroots level.
Farjana Mita, Md Abdul Bashir, Md. Abdul Khaleque Mollah, Md. Ferdausur Rahman, Md. Golam Morshed, Muhammad Rejaul Islam Khan
This study investigates the clearance delays at Chattogram Port and their implications for supply chain efficiency in Bangladesh, adopting a qualitative research approach supported by case study evidence. As the country’s principal maritime gateway, Chattogram Port handles over 90% of containerized trade, yet clearance inefficiencies undermine both cost competitiveness and operational reliability. Primary data was collected through structured surveys with 10 respondents, including customs officials, C&F agents, and importers, to capture stakeholder experiences and perceptions regarding clearance processes. Thematic analysis revealed four dominant issues: manual documentation (cited by 80% of respondents), understaffing at customs and port authorities (70%), inadequate terminal infrastructure such as shortage of scanners and equipment (60%), and inefficient customs procedures including excessive physical inspections (50%). Respondents emphasized that these problems collectively prolong clearance times, disrupt production schedules, raise logistics costs, and reduce supply chain reliability—particularly for time-sensitive sectors like garments and pharmaceuticals. To enrich the qualitative findings, secondary evidence from the Time Release Study (TRS) 2022 was integrated as a case reference, which reported an Average Release Time (ART) of 11 days 6 hours. Stakeholder insights confirmed that these delays significantly disrupt lead times, increase logistics costs, and reduce reliability across industries such as garments and pharmaceuticals. The findings also reveal the effectiveness of Pre-Arrival Processing (PAP), which reduced clearance duration by an average of 43%. The study highlights the potential benefits of digitization, Pre-Arrival Processing (PAP), workforce capacity building, and infrastructure investment to mitigate these bottlenecks. By combining qualitative insights with case-based secondary data, the research underscores that clearance delays at Chattogram Port are not isolated technical problems but systemic challenges rooted in processes, institutions, and capacity gaps. The study concludes that coordinated investment in infrastructure, digital customs, workforce training, and PAP adoption is essential. These reforms will cut delays, boost supply chain performance, and strengthen Bangladesh’s global trade competitiveness.
Eko-Raphaels, Melvin Urhoromu, Mojekwu, Ogechukwu Rita
Nigeria has long sought to diversify its economy by expanding non-oil exports, yet the sector remains underperforming. This paper examines the effectiveness of Nigeria’s export financing programs – including interventions by the Nigerian Export-Import Bank (NEXIM), the Export Expansion Grant (EEG) scheme, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) facilities, and related initiatives – in stimulating non-oil export growth. Using a descriptive methodology with secondary data (from government reports, news articles, and academic studies), the analysis reviews program structures, funding disbursements, and trade statistics. Nigeria’s non-oil exports have shown recent upticks (e.g., reaching ₦3.17 trillion in Q1 2025 and US$3.225 billion in H1 2025), but these remain a small share of total exports. NEXIM and CBN programs have injected substantial credit (e.g., NEXIM reports ~₦420 billion disbursed at single-digit rates, creating ~12,000 jobs), yet empirical studies suggest limited impact on aggregate export growth. The EEG has faced implementation challenges and suspensions. Inadequate infrastructure, bureaucratic bottlenecks, and informal trade further constrain results. The paper concludes that while export financing is a necessary support, its effectiveness is hampered by systemic issues; recommendations include improving program administration, enhancing market access, and complementing finance with structural reforms to maximize non-oil export potential.
Dr Teresia Kiragu
Kenya has been using Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) since 2017 to facilitate holistic learning based on skills, values, and attitudes instead of rote memorization. The success of this system is based on the reliability and validity of the assessment results. This paper examined the efficacy of Kenya CBC assessment framework by analyzing documents of 18 policy, institutional and academic sources. The study used qualitative research design involving document analysis. The target population of this study was official policy documents, curriculum guidelines, assessment guidelines, evaluation reports, and peer scholarly articles for the CBC in Kenya. The study employed purposive sampling to select documents that were most suitable and verifiable to achieve the research objectives. Analysis of the obtained data was done using qualitative content analysis based on thematic coding. The findings indicated that CBC assessments were associated with moderate reliability (41%) and validity (57%), variability in applying the rubrics, little moderation (28%) and weak construct validation. There was a high content-alignment (83%), and low empirical construct-testing (22%). The research findings revealed that the CBC framework is conceptually sound but lacks psychometric strength and fairness in different situations. The study recommends that MOE should enhance the calibration of the assessor, standardizing the rubrics, and the psychometric audit, and integration of the school context differences. There is need to improve technical and contextual validity of CBC assessments in order to measure the competencies of learners credibly.
Emanuel Cahyo Nugroho, Putu Sudira
Internship programs are critical components of vocational education, especially in agricultural-based regions like Merauke, Indonesia, where vocational high schools (VHS) aim to prepare students for careers in the agro-industry. However, many internships remain unevaluated in terms of relevance and effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the internship program in the Agricultural Product Processing Agribusiness (APHP) Expertise Program using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. Employing a quantitative approach, this research involved 116 participants, including students, teachers, school leaders, and industry partners, from four vocational high schools (VHS) and four agro-industry companies in Merauke. Data were collected through a validated Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed moderate contextual alignment and institutional readiness, but significant weaknesses in process execution and internship outcomes. Students' engagement, technical and soft skills development, work-readiness, and confidence were found to be low, with minimal industry feedback and reflective learning. The discussion highlights the misalignment between school preparation and agro-industrial demands, as well as the lack of pedagogical innovation in internship management. This study concludes that internship programs must move beyond compliance to competency-driven models. Practical recommendations include enhancing school-industry collaboration and teacher capacity. Theoretically, the study reinforces the applicability of the CIPP model for evaluating complex vocational programs.
Ahmad Hifzurrahman Ridzuan, Mohd Izwan Izhar Haris, Mohd Kasturi Nor Abd Aziz, Nor Syamimi Mohamed Adnan
Thinking skills have become a central focus in educational psychology as rapid technological progress demands learners who can think critically, creatively, and adaptively in complex environments. Despite growing interest, the evolution of thinking skills research remains fragmented, with limited understanding of its intellectual structure, thematic development, and global research patterns. Addressing this gap, this study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to map the scientific landscape and identify emerging trajectories in the field. Data were collected using Scopus advanced searching with keywords related to thinking skills, educational psychology, and their intersection, resulting in a final dataset of 690 documents. The dataset was cleaned and analyzed to generate descriptive statistics on publication trends, authorship patterns, country productivity, and document impact. VOSviewer software was then employed to visualize co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence, citation structures, and thematic clustering. The results reveal a steady increase in publications over the past decade, with strong contributions from the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and Australia. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identifies prominent themes such as critical thinking, computational thinking, higher-order cognitive skills, instructional design models, digital learning, and bibliometric analysis, forming several distinct clusters that reflect the field’s multidimensional nature. Co-authorship mapping shows growing international collaboration, particularly among Western and Asian academic networks. Overall, this study provides an integrated overview of the intellectual progress in thinking skills research within educational psychology, highlighting the shift toward digital learning environments and interdisciplinary approaches. The findings contribute to a clearer understanding of research directions, methodological evolution, and knowledge gaps, offering valuable insights for scholars seeking to advance research on thinking skills in contemporary educational contexts.
Rawia Alfadil Sharif Mahmoud, Shadia Abdelrahim Mohamed Daoud
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the elements influencing the academic performance of female students at Elengaz Mixed Primary School in Khartoum State, Sudan. To meet the study's objectives, both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized for data collection. Information was gathered from 24 female students and 5 teachers through group discussions. The findings revealed several factors impacting the academic performance of female pupils, including personal, socioeconomic, and school-related factors. The majority of school pupils come from conflict-affected and underdeveloped regions, with their families displaced to the outskirts of Khartoum. Teachers and female students have identified girls' participation in domestic chores as a primary factor contributing to their low academic performance. The frequent absenteeism of female students is viewed as a significant challenge to their educational success, with involvement in household responsibilities and the school environment cited as major causes of this issue. During group discussions, girls expressed that gender discrimination leads to a preference for educating boys over girls. However, all female students expressed a desire to continue their education if provided with the necessary resources. The research found that various complex factors contributed to the underperformance of girls. It suggests that efforts should be made to increase parental awareness, particularly among mothers, regarding the significance of education, as well as to create more supportive and accommodating school environments for girls.
Pulenthiran Nesan
The foundation of human nature defines most academic arguments about political organizations since an individual’s view of humanity directly affects their recommendations for governing societies. All three foundations of justice and commerce and cultural life need faith in an ultimate arbitrator for handling disputes. Individuals need to give their consent for giving up their natural rights to all other people in order to establish rule by the Leviathan a supreme governing body. The research conducted an analysis of government perspectives according to Thomas Hobbes through a bibliographic investigation into Hobbesian philosophical works. Hobbes determined monarchy to be the best way in which sovereignty could be established. According to Hobbes all executive power should be directed under a monarch to produce more focused unified political control. According to Hobbes the social contract existed solely between citizens whereas it did not extend to include the relationship between people and their sovereign. The king gained absolute power which barred the public from starting a revolution through their own actions. In a manner similar to Hobbes he stated that the administration of the monarch should avoid Clerical interference. The religious conflicts between subjects threatened to start a civil war that would threaten societal harmony. As per his proposals the church needed must remain under royal administrative control with enhanced spiritual supervision measures. Hobbes declares that people must obey royal commands above all else whenever divine and royal laws clash.
Aainaa Nazirah Binti Anuar, Gustiani Rahmi Binti Khaidir, Siti Sarah Binti Saari, Yusri Hazrol Yusoff
Non-compliance with anti-money laundering (AML) laws and regulations, specifically in the timely submission of suspicious transaction reports, renders heavy penalties and unfavourable consequences for financial institutions (FIs) in Malaysia. As a result, FIs need to invest in high-cost compliance measures to mitigate the risk of regulatory breach. This paper aims to examine compliance costs challenges faced by FIs in the submission of high-quality suspicious activity reports, with the key area of concern including the demand for workforce expertise and enhancing technology for monitoring purposes. Additionally, this paper also explores the impact of non-adherence, which will cost FIs a hefty monetary penalty amount that adds to the potential compliance cost faced by FIs.
Cecilia Adomah, Francis Asare, Vincent Emmanuel Antwi
This study examines the impact of broken homes on the academic performance of Junior High School students in Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. Employing a descriptive research design, data were collected via self-administered questionnaires from a randomly selected sample of 89 students at University Junior High School. The study identified various types of broken homes, including divorced or separated parents, single-parent households, guardianship arrangements, and frequent household changes, and explored their influence on students’ academic focus and achievement. Findings reveal that broken home situations often lead to emotional distress, financial worries, and reduced academic concentration, contributing to declines in performance. Parental involvement was found to be a mitigating factor, while school support resources were perceived as inadequate. Based on these findings, recommendations urge educational stakeholders to conduct systematic surveys, enhance counselling services, and foster collaborations among teachers, parents, and psychologists to support students from broken homes. Future studies should expand sample sizes, incorporate mixed methods, and explore socioeconomic and coping factors that influence academic resilience
Carl Jay D. Mahinay, Dodelon F. Sabijon, Dr. Paulino V. Pioquinto, Mohamadsamer P. Mamasalagat, Rodito U. Pantaleon
This study examined the implementation of security measures in the loading area of Super Metro Store, Mandaue City, with the aim of identifying gaps and proposing an action plan for improvement. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, data were gathered from 95 respondents composed of organic and outsourced personnel through a researcher-made survey questionnaire. Findings revealed that security measures related to vehicle access control, personnel access control, merchandise system control, and documentation procedures were generally fully implemented, although some practices such as strict verification of padlocks and seals, documentation accuracy, use of metal detectors, and compliance with personal protective equipment showed lower levels of consistency.
Gunavathy Selvarajh, Mohammad Adndn M Arif
Starting with the healthcare systems across the globe, digital transformation is a strategic focus, more so in Saudi Arabia as the country rapidly progress through Vision 2030. Leadership is a significant driver of this transformation, however the conceptual knowledge on the impact of various leadership styles in digital adoption from the health organizations perspective is scarce. This is a conceptual paper examining the roles of transformational and transactional leadership in influencing digital transformation within Saudi’s healthcare system. Based on extant leadership theories and digital transformation literature, this paper puts forward a conceptual model on how such leadership styles either facilitate or inhibit digital readiness, innovation capability, system adoption and organizational change. In turn, transformational leadership encourages digital transformation by establishing vision, employee enablement, knowledge sharing and innovation-facilitative cultures. In comparison, transactional leadership adds up through role clarity, performance monitoring and compliance with standards and procedures. The paper finds that both leadership styles are synergistic, and when combined they can enhance the digital transformation of Saudi healthcare institutions. Policy implications and theoretical contributions are considered, providing direction to policy makers and future empirical inquiries.
Fasihah Raihani Binti Abdul Rahman, Norfairos Hadzir, Nurul Ain Safraa Bt Abdul Nasir, Rus Shafrena Sapee@Shafie, Siti Noor Azilah Abdullah, Siti Sumaiyah Bt Mohamad Lazim, Sofea Binti Lony
Drama-based learning (DBL) plays a significant role in shaping the emotional aspects of learning English as a Second Language (ESL), offering Malaysian learners a more engaging alternative to traditional classroom instruction. While DBL is widely recognised for boosting motivation and reducing anxiety, this study specifically examines its effects on enjoyment, confidence and peer connection. A Google Form questionnaire was administered to 100 Malaysian ESL students with prior DBL experience. The findings reveal that learners reported higher emotional engagement in DBL, with notable mean scores in enjoyment (4.00), emotional intensity (4.00) and peer connection (4.17), compared to lower scores recorded in traditional lessons, which ranged from 3.00 to 3.60. Traditional methods were associated with reduced confidence and weaker interpersonal connections. Overall, the results suggest that DBL creates a more interactive and emotionally supportive environment where students feel comfortable and confident using English, offering valuable implications for educators, curriculum designers and policymakers.
Hanita Hanim Ismail, Melor Md Yunus, Nur Nadiah Basher
The digitalization of educational practices has intensified the need for effective Digital Lesson Planning Platforms (DLPPs), yet empirical evidence regarding their implementation in Malaysian private schools remains limited. This study investigates the effectiveness of Planboard, a DLPP, in enhancing instructional planning among English language teachers at a newly established private school in Seremban, Malaysia. Although digital tools are increasingly integrated into education, the use of DLPPs in Malaysian private schools, particularly in ELT, remains underexplored. Addressing this gap, the study aims to evaluate Planboard’s usability, usefulness, and influence on lesson quality, structure, and efficiency, while identifying challenges encountered during its integration. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, a qualitative methodology was employed through five months of classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with two English teachers. Findings indicate that Planboard improved lesson organization, time management and curriculum alignment, particularly when used by digital literate teachers. However, technical challenges such as internet reliability, data retention and limited digital fluency were significant barriers. The study contributed to the understanding of DLPP adoption in underrepresented educational contexts and underscores the importance of infrastructure, training and instructional support for effective implementation. These insights highlight the potential of digital platforms to enhance lesson planning when integrated thoughtfully into pedagogical routines.
Georgina Anne Edwin Luta, Nurazidawati Mohamad Arsad
This study explores the concept of funds of knowledge (FoK) within the Betong, Sarawak community, emphasizing its role in science education. The notion of FoK refers to the recognition and appreciation of the extensive cultural practices, traditions, and wisdom embedded in community life. The research aims to identify forms of knowledge commonly practiced by families in Betong, Sarawak and examine their relevance to science learning. Grounded in the understanding that students’ cultural experiences shaped by home environments and daily practices inform educational engagement, this study adopts a qualitative approach with case studies research design involving three informants. Data were collected through observations, and interviews. Findings reveal diverse FoK rooted in cultural heritage, daily activities, phenomenological experiences, and ancestral traditions transmitted across generations. The community perceives these knowledge systems as vital for contemporary development and advocates their preservation for future generations. The study underscores the significance of integrating cultural knowledge into science education and highlights the ongoing practice and transmission of these FoK within the community. This research contributes to discussions on culturally relevant pedagogy and the intergenerational continuity of indigenous knowledge.
Faria Jahan Oishe
A significant number of indigenous women move to the city for their livelihood. During this period, these women might experience double marginalization, both as a woman and as a member of minority group. The case study focuses on indigenous female RMG workers who migrate to Chittagong city. The findings will reveal the harmful treatment these women endure and how it affects their mental health. In order to truly develop as a nation, it is crucial to address the struggles of marginalized groups. In conclusion, this paper aims to contribute to policy development regarding indigenous and women’s rights.
Jhane Irish P. Galochino, Rachelle O. Sabella, Trisha Mae Jamero, Yshen Marie G. Abellanosa
While numerous studies have explored parental influence on children’s development, limited research in the Philippines has examined the parenting styles of houseparents caring for Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL), particularly within institutional rehabilitation settings. Understanding their caregiving approaches provides valuable insights into how parenting principles are applied in structured environments to promote behavioral reform and emotional stability among youth offenders. The main objective of this mixed-method study was to explore the parenting styles and caregiving strategies of houseparents at the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) Regional Rehabilitation Center for Youth (RRCY)–VII in Argao, Cebu. Data were gathered from ten houseparents through the Parenting Style Four Factor Questionnaire (PSFFQ) by Shyny (2017) and in-depth semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics revealed that the authoritative parenting style was the most dominant, reflecting warmth, communication, and firm yet compassionate discipline. Findings further indicated that houseparents often treat CICL as their own children, fostering trust and emotional connection through consistent communication and empathy. Despite challenges such as resource scarcity, behavioral difficulties, and emotional strain, they remained resilient through faith, teamwork, and a sense of calling. Additionally, the study found that houseparents continuously adjust their approach to meet each child’s unique needs. Beyond supervision, they act as mentors and emotional anchors, modeling respect, responsibility, and healthy communication. They emphasized that strong institutional support, such as ongoing training, counseling, and adequate staffing, plays a crucial role in helping them care effectively and compassionately for the youth. The study ultimately shows that caring, understanding, and well-trained houseparents are key to helping CICL recover and develop emotionally in institutional care.
Alvin O. Cayogyog, Reah Jean B. Daguman, Ricky B. Pante, Riza D. Cadulong, Teresita C. Macabacyao
This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences, perceptions, and challenges of parents in supporting their children’s asynchronous academic activities during class suspensions caused by natural calamities. Conducted at Manongol National High School in Kidapawan City District 2, the study involved purposively selected parent-participants who had direct experience facilitating asynchronous learning at home. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that parents assume diverse and evolving roles, as substitute teachers, emotional coaches, time managers, and resource providers, while navigating the demands of asynchronous learning. Their lived experiences reflected emotional strain, logistical difficulties, limited access to learning materials, and the need to adapt routines amidst disaster-induced disruptions. Despite these challenges, parents demonstrated resilience, learning initiative, and a strong sense of duty in sustaining their children’s education. They also identified limitations in their instructional capacity and expressed the need for clearer guidance from schools.Based on the results, the study proposes Project KASAMA (Kabahagi Saan man ang Magulang at mga Anak sa Pagkatuto), a localized intervention that offers parent training, emotional wellness support, improved access to learning resources, stronger school-home communication, and recognition of parental involvement. The study concludes that empowering and supporting parents as co-educators is vital to ensuring learning continuity during times of crisis, particularly in rural and disaster-prone communities.
Indira Jill M. Tampipi, Joanne Bermillo
This qualitative study explored peer scaffolding strategies among senior high school students during collaborative group work through discourse analysis. Conducted at Kiburiao National High School in Bukidnon, Philippines, the research examined how learners used language to support one another cognitively, socially, and linguistically in authentic classroom interactions. Data were gathered through classroom observations, audio-recorded group discussions, and semi-structured interviews with students and teachers. The analysis revealed nine interrelated themes organized under three focal areas. Under peer scaffolding strategies, students employed clarification and simplification, role assignment, and active engagement to sustain collaborative dialogue. Under the influence of learning and participation, peer interaction enhanced motivation and engagement, improved understanding and communication skills, and fostered ownership of learning. Under peer scaffolding challenges, students encountered task imbalance, emotional barriers, and communication breakdowns that sometimes hindered group cohesion. Findings demonstratedthat peer scaffolding is a dynamic, socially situated process that enhances comprehension, confidence, and collective responsibility among learners. Despite recurring challenges, the discourse of collaboration reflected empathy, adaptability, and shared problem-solving. The study concludes that structured, supportive group work can transform classroom interaction into a space for mutual learning and linguistic growth. It recommends that teachers intentionally design collaborative tasks that ensure equitable participation, cultivate emotional safety, and strengthen communicative competence to maximize the potential of peer scaffolding in multilingual classrooms.
Chong Sheau Tsuey, Mohd Haikal Anuar Adnan, Muhammad Ajib Abd Razak, Najwa Afiqa Roshaizad, Nasrudin Subhi, Noor Syarafana Mohd Razi, Salina Nen
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that profoundly shapes the experiences of individuals and their families. While research has extensively documented parental stress and wellbeing, siblings’ perspectives, particularly of those with autistic members with intellectual ability (IA), remain underexplored. Siblings often serve as both observers and direct participants in parenting dynamics and family functioning. This study therefore aims to explore siblings’ perceptions of parenting styles and family functioning in households with ASD and IA. A qualitative design with a phenomenological approach was employed to capture participants’ lived experiences from their own perspectives. Data were analyzed thematically, enabling the identification of recurring patterns and variations across narratives. Findings reveal that siblings’ experiences reflect both challenges and resilience. Key themes include difficulties in daily routines, the centrality of emotional support, the dominant caregiving role of mothers, and communication as the foundation of family functioning. Variations emerged, such as limited paternal involvement and sibling relationships ranging from close to neutral. A novel finding highlights that parenting styles and family functioning directly shape the development of autistic individuals, particularly in self-care, autonomy, and behavioral regulation. This study contributes to family psychology and special education by foregrounding siblings’ perspectives, often overlooked in previous research. It expands understanding of how parenting practices exert systemic effects on the entire family and underscores the importance of integrated support strategies that recognize parents, autistic individuals, and siblings as interdependent members of the family system.
Joshua-Luther Ndoye Upoalkpajor
The term "psychological distress" described a state of emotional suffering marked by anxiety symptoms like tension and restlessness and depression symptoms like lost interest and hopelessness. Given that raising children with special needs can present numerous challenges, parents of these children are likely to be more vulnerable to psychological distress. These parents would endure high levels of stress and often become depressed, frustrated, and disappointed with their children's development due to the long-term problems of children with mental retardation and physical-motor disorders and the requirement for ongoing treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of psychological distress experienced by parents of special needs children as well as the correlation between these parents' psychological distress and demographic factors. In all, 224 parents of children in Chamba with special needs participated. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used to gauge the psychological distress of the parents. The findings showed that 21.9% of parents were in mild distress, 21% were in moderate distress, and 36.6% were in severe distress. There was a significant positive correlation between the degree of psychological distress and the parent's employment status (r=0.148, N=224, p<0.05). There was no discernible relationship between the severity of psychological distress and the other factors, including parent age, parent gender, child age and diagnosis, parent marital status, and parent educational attainment. To sum up, the majority of parents were experiencing psychological distress. However, the only factor that had been shown to affect parents' psychological distress was their employment status.
Hafini Suhana Ithnin, Juhaini Jabar, Murzidah Ahmad Murad, Nurfarha Arina Najwa Ahmad Fazla
Blockchain technology has gained increasing attention in supply chain management (SCM) due to its potential to enhance transparency, traceability, and trust among stakeholders. This study explores the challenges and impacts of blockchain implementation within Malaysian supply chains, addressing the limited understanding of its practical adoption. Despite global recognition of blockchain’s benefits, its uptake in Malaysia remains low, primarily due to technical, financial, and managerial barriers. A significant issue identifies is the needs of skilled professionals capable of handling blockchain systems effectively, as highlighted by the National Blockchain Roadmap 2021 – 2025 (Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, 2022), which reported that 56% of organizations cite inadequate in-house capabilities as a key constraint. To achieve the research objectives, (1) identifying challenges and (2) examining impacts of blockchain in supply chain management, an exploratory qualitative design was adopted using semi-structured online interviews with three industry practitioners. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to uncover themes and codes. The findings revealed that while blockchain enhances operational efficiency, data integrity, and collaboration, its implementation is hindered by limited expertise, financial costs, and lack of management support. The study contributes insights for industry practitioners and policymakers seeking to promote effective blockchain adoption and strengthened Malaysia’s digital transformation agenda.
Temwani Zulu
This study investigated the impact of kwacha fluctuations on the financial performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Choma District, Zambia, specifically on how demographic characteristics, sectoral distribution, and managerial strategies influence enterprise resilience to currency volatility. Using both descriptive and correlation analyses, the study found that MSME operators are mmostly male (59.6%) and the majority aged between 36 and 45 years, with most possessing only primary or secondary education. This demographic structure significantly constrains financial literacy and the capacity to apply sophisticated risk management tools such as hedging. The findings revealed that 98% of MSMEs are import-driven, making them acutely vulnerable to kwacha depreciation, which inflates procurement costs and erodes profitability. Retail and manufacturing sectors exhibited the highest exposure, showing large fluctuations in net profit margins (NPM) and profit growth rates (PGR), while service-oriented sectors such as education and finance displayed relative stability. The study further established that most MSMEs depend on informal coping mechanisms primarily inventory management and reactive pricing adjustments rather than formal financial instruments, due to limited financial literacy, weak supplier networks, and restricted access to capital markets. Correlation analysis confirmed significant relationships between currency volatility, pricing strategies, import reliance, and profitability, as well as a positive association between education level, enterprise size, supplier relationships, and hedging adoption. The findings affirm theoretical perspectives from the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), emphasizing that internal capacity and market exposure determine enterprise resilience. The study concludes that MSMEs in Choma District face systemic vulnerabilities to exchange rate instability due to import dependence, weak financial management practices, and limited macroeconomic awareness. It recommends targeted financial literacy programmes, improved access to hedging instruments, promotion of local value chains, and macroeconomic stability as crucial pathways for enhancing MSME resilience and sustainable growth in Zambia’s volatile economic environment.
Mahmoud Menyaoui, Pr. Lassaad Lakhal
In a rapidly evolving entrepreneurial landscape, Tunisian startups must rely on their ability to innovate and adapt quickly. This study examines how organizational culture shapes intrapreneurship and business performance while considering startup age as a moderating factor. By analyzing data from 91 Tunisian startups using structural equation modeling, we demonstrate that organizational culture fosters intrapreneurship and enhances overall performance. However, intrapreneurship does not act as a direct mediator between culture and performance.
Aduo Frank, Emmanuel Adjei, Kintampo Lydia Awuni, Mahama Salifu, Rockson Ofori Amanfo
This mixed methods study investigates the multidimensional nature of science learning motivation among secondary school students and its impact on engagement and academic achievement. Quantitative data collected via the Science Motivation Questionnaire II from a stratified sample of students revealed that intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, task value, and mastery goal orientation significantly correlate with engagement and academic performance in science. Self-efficacy exhibited the strongest relationships, underscoring the importance of students’ confidence in their science learning capabilities. Complementary qualitative interviews enriched these findings by capturing students’ lived experiences, highlighting how personal interest, perceived relevance, confidence, and clear goal orientation interact to drive sustained motivation. The qualitative themes illustrated the emotional and cognitive processes shaping students’ motivation, confirming the dynamic and socially situated nature of motivation in science education. Delimitations due to geographical scope, sample size, self-report biases, and complexities in integrating mixed methods findings are acknowledged. Despite these constraints, the study contributes valuable insights for educators and policymakers seeking to enhance science motivation through autonomy-supportive teaching, confidence-building interventions, and goal-focused curriculum design. The findings also emphasize the necessity of personalized motivational strategies tailored to diverse learner profiles and sociocultural contexts. This research advances theoretical understanding and offers practical recommendations for fostering motivated, engaged, and successful science learners, contributors to educational improvement efforts in contemporary science education.
Mohd Iskandar Illyas Tan, Nur Aaina Athira Hamdan, Zuhra Junaida Mohamad Husny Hamid
Halal certification remains a critical benchmark in affirming product credibility for Muslim consumers. Traditional manual auditing procedures, however, often prove inefficient and time-consuming. The integration of digital tools into auditing processes, although promising, has seen limited traction in the halal sector. This study applies the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to analyze determinants of mobile application adoption among halal auditors in Malaysia. The analysis involved 552 mobile app users engaged in halal certification tasks. Findings highlight that constructs such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions—alongside factors like self-efficacy and attitudes toward technology—positively correlate with the intent to utilize halal auditing applications.
Lawal Kabiru, Lawal Shiitu, Muhammad Ibrahim Abdullahi
This study empirically investigates the effects of external debt on economic growth, and assesses whether effective governance has any influence in this relationship. The scope of the study covers the period from 1996 to 2024. Data are analysed using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test to cointegration. ADF unit root test shows that all the variables are not stationary at level but at first difference; that is I(1). Findings revealed that, an increase in external debt negatively affects economic growth in the short to long-run in Nigeria. However, foreign exchange reserve (FR) does not seem to have any influence on economic growth both in the short-run and long-run. Meanwhile, foreign direct investment (FDI) impacts negatively on Nigeria’s economic growth in the long-run, pointing to the indispensability of domestic investment. Incidentally, deterioration in governance and political stability impact negatively on growth in Nigeria, both in the short-run and long-run. From the findings, the study recommends that government should apply prudential debt management policy to channel it into productive investments. It should also improve on the quality of governance/institutions by ensuring inclusivity, accountability, control of corruption, and enforcing the rule of law. Lastly, Nigerian government should focus on domestic sources of funding public investments rather than external debt.
Haixia Guo, Rabiah Rustam
This systematic review analyzes the effectiveness of Digital Storytelling (DST) as a teaching tool for learning English. It integrates and critiques prior research regarding the tool's effectiveness, theoretical justification, and challenges in implementation. Indicative studies do point DST's potential to promote certain critical language skills as a result of the motivation, autonomy, and critical thinking an individual DST learner develops. It is true the motivation is a positive factor, yet autonomy is an achievement. It is notable for many studies DST is based on the combination of constructivist and multimodal learning theories. DST accomplishes the development of writing fluency, the speaking skill, and vocabulary acquisition in language learning. Most importantly, the review outlines the major and critical shortcomings in the existing studies. Most importantly the review outlines critical research gaps. The largest of these is probably the absence of longitudinal studies to verify the retention of language skills over time. In addition, most uses of DST lack attention to the specific linguistic subsystems, such as pragmatic competence or complex syntax, that might be addressed through task design. The prospect of studying multimodal constructs opens new avenues for research, given data's efficiency in enhancing learning. The lack of longitudinal, empirical studies that capture learning over time is a critical missed opportunity. There is great potential for multimodal DST methods to change student learning, but the main gap that defines the research gap for DST is the lack of documentation for longitudinal learning.
Ms Naomi T. Joe
Despite the importance of clinical practice in health sciences education, challenges persist that hinder its effectiveness. Reports from students and faculty at the Mabel McCombs College of Health Sciences indicate recurring issues such as inadequate clinical placements, limited access to modern medical equipment, and varying levels of supervision and mentorship. These challenges threaten the ability of students to acquire the necessary skills and competencies for their professional roles. This study addresses this gap by examining the factors influencing clinical practice and proposing actionable recommendations. According to the study, findings indicated that there was established and standardized hospital protocol to welcome student nurse for preceptor-ship. However, many of the participants revealed that the working environment was not healthy and there was no possibility for continuing professional development for interns.
Ms Naomi T. Joe
Despite the importance of clinical practice in health sciences education, challenges persist that hinder its effectiveness. Reports from students and faculty at the Mabel McCombs College of Health Sciences indicate recurring issues such as inadequate clinical placements, limited access to modern medical equipment, and varying levels of supervision and mentorship. These challenges threaten the ability of students to acquire the necessary skills and competencies for their professional roles. This study addresses this gap by examining the factors influencing clinical practice and proposing actionable recommendations. According to the study, findings indicated that there was established and standardized hospital protocol to welcome student nurse for preceptor-ship. However, many of the participants revealed that the working environment was not healthy and there was no possibility for continuing professional development for interns.
Amaro, Anna Patricia B, De Lara, Princess Icy S, Dinglasan, Bernadette T, Lara, Jerick G, Rutaquio, Princess Camae L, Soliva, Jaymie Gail A, Tena, Airene Joy P
The findings revealed that Generation Z voters highly valued candidates with integrity and clean record, compassion and empathy, diligence and leadership, education and knowledge and experience and tract record. They favored platforms that were clear and realistic programs, focuses to the goodness of the people especially for the youth like special programs that is relevant to what the community needs. They rejected unethical practices such as vote-buying. Authentic engagement through personal interaction such as house-to-house visits seen as a sign of sincerity and genuine public service. Moreover, the study found that external influences including family discussions, peer recommendations and exposure to social and digital media played a significant role in shaping political preferences. The study recommended that the Generation Z voters should exercise caution and refrain from placing their trust solely in rumors or hearsay, instead, they should conduct thorough background checks and verify the authenticity of information before forming opinions in making decisions. Educators and local leaders were encouraged to strengthen voter education, political literacy and civic engagement programs that cultivate critical thinking and ethical awareness. In line with this, the researchers proposed a voter education initiative entitled “Navigating the Ballot: A Generation Z Voter’s Guide”, conducted in partnership with the Sangguniang Kabataan Federation of Infanta. The program aims to promote media literacy, responsible political participation, and continuous civic involvement through discussions, interactive activities and engagement with young political advocates, thereby empowering generation Z as informed agent of change.
Carlo Gil Celerio, Cindy Salibio, Prof. Dolores A. Retirado, LPT, MBA, Raichelle Memoracion, Raven Airra Mari N. Valencia
The study focuses on understanding how modernization in Filipino cuisine affects local diners’ acceptance or resistance, specifically within selected restaurants in Parañaque City, Philippines. It explores the dynamic tension between the preservation of traditional Filipino food and the emerging modern adaptations fueled by globalization. The modernization of Filipino food is continuously emerging, particularly in Parañaque City, Philippines. As globalization drives these changes, a tension arises between preserving traditional Filipino cuisine and embracing modern adaptations within the food industry, making efforts toward food preservation increasingly necessary. This study focuses on evaluating how these changes affect local acceptance and resistance toward modern Filipino cuisine in selected restaurants in Parañaque City. Using a self-made questionnaire consisting of a Likert Scale, researchers gathered data from 400 respondents aged 18 and above who have dined at notable restaurants such as Manam, Mangan, Fely J’s Kitchen, and Golden Cowrie. The purposive sampling method was employed to ensure that respondents possessed characteristics relevant to the study, enabling accurate insights into consumer perceptions. The findings revealed a significant difference in factors influencing acceptance and resistance. The most important factor driving local acceptance was related to people—highlighting the importance of excellent quality service—followed by physical evidence and place, which refer to the restaurant’s ambiance and accessibility, respectively. These elements play a crucial role in shaping customers’ dining experiences and acceptance of modernization in Filipino cuisine
Nguyen Ba Vi, Nguyen Huu Tri
Extracurricular sports activities (ESAs) play an important role in improving physical fitness, mental health, and social development for college and university students. However, participation levels are still suboptimal. This paper synthesizes findings from studies (2010–2025) to identify the determinants influencing ESA participation. This paper synthesizes and analyzes studies from 2010 to 2025 to identify key factors influencing student participation in ESA. The results show that the main groups of factors include: personal factors (motivation, attitude, gender, health); social factors - family and friends; institutional factors - training programs, schedules, school policies; environmental factors - facilities, costs, access; psychological factors - enjoyment, self-efficacy. Survey results at Can Tho College of Economics and Technology and Can Tho University show that time constraints, inadequate facilities and low intrinsic motivation are the most common barriers. Recommendations include integrating the curriculum, investing in facilities, strengthening student clubs and promoting school support.
Mariaton Safrina Baharuddin, Muhammad Luqman Haqem Abd Wahab, Zabedah Othman
The expansion of digital technologies has significantly reshaped consumer behavior, with online shopping becoming increasingly prevalent. This study examines factors influencing online purchase intention among urban university students in Malaysia, focusing on social influence, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), website content, and attitude. A quantitative research design was employed using a structured online questionnaire distributed to students in public and private universities. Data were analyzed to test hypotheses regarding the relationships between independent variables and online purchase intention. Findings are expected to provide valuable insights for online retailers and marketers in developing effective digital strategies targeted at young, digitally active consumers. The study also contributes to the academic literature by clarifying how social influence, eWOM, website content, and attitude jointly shape online purchase intention among urban university students in Malaysia.
IGAA Noviekayati, Suhadianto, Tia Oktavia
The phenomenon of quiet quitting reflects the behavior of workers who only perform tasks according to the job description without emotional involvement or commitment to the organization. Although often considered a symptom of disengagement, this phenomenon appears to be increasingly common among Generation Z of the young workforce group that is growing up in the digital age and the crisis of the meaning of work. Along with the increasing prevalence of anxiety, stress, and emotional exhaustion in this generation, the term Anxious Generation emerged to describe their psychological state. This article is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that aims to analyze the relationship between quiet quitting, work-life balance, and workload to the emergence of anxiety in Generation Z in the world of work. The search was conducted on the Publish Perish, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and 2020–2025 databases. Of the 45 articles identified, 18 met the inclusion criteria and were the thematically analyzed. The results show that quiet quitting can double as a coping mechanism against stress and work-life imbalance, but also as an indicator of disengagement that exacerbates work anxiety. Excessive workload, high organizational expectations, and weak social support reinforce this effect. Thus, quiet quitting among Generation Z cannot be understood solely as a motivational phenomenon, but rather as a mirror of the psychosocial dynamics of the generation that is prone to anxiety and uncertainty. This study emphasizes the importance of organizational interventions that balance the demands of work with the psychological well-being of the younger generation.
Dr. I Gusti Ayu Agung Noviekayati, M.Si., Psikolog, Dr. Suhadianto, S.Psi., M.Psi, Filik Filia Sandi
Student discipline is a crucial component of educational success, yet findings across studies regarding its determining factors remain varied, necessitating a systematic synthesis. This study aims to identify the determinant factors influencing student discipline and examine the contribution of both internal and external factors through a PRISMA-guided Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The search process was conducted via Google Scholar and national academic databases using discipline-related keywords, yielding 1,180 identified studies, 150 screened, 54 full-text articles assessed, and 6 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that student discipline is shaped by internal factors such as motivation, ethics and character, self-awareness, and self-regulation, while external factors include the clarity and consistency of school rules, reward–punishment systems, parental support, and the social environment at school. Clear and consistent rules were found to significantly contribute to disciplinary behavior, whereas motivation and self-regulation played essential roles in sustaining long-term discipline. It is concluded that student discipline results from the interaction between internal and external factors; therefore, effective discipline strategies should integrate character development and self-regulation with consistent rule enforcement and family involvement.
Mohammad Taufiq Abdul Ghani, Muhammad Haikal Ezaham
This study explores the dominant factors influencing Arabic language achievement among students in Government-Aided Religious Schools (SABK) in the Kota Setar District, Kedah. As Arabic is central to religious knowledge and scholarly communication, students’ performance reflects the overall effectiveness of Islamic education. Using a qualitative design with an interpretive phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 Form Four students identified as high achievers in Arabic. The study is guided by Al-Ghazali’s Human Development Theory, which emphasizes balanced spiritual, physical, emotional, and intellectual growth, supported by Self-Regulated Learning Theory to understand students’ motivation and learning strategies. Thematic analysis revealed three key dimensions: student character, learning strategies, and peer dynamics. Findings show that personal character such as discipline, academic integrity, and spiritual sincerity drives intrinsic motivation to master Arabic. Self-directed learning strategies, including structured study plans, digital learning tools, and effective time management, further enhance proficiency. Peer influence functions in a dual way: supportive peers improve understanding through collaboration, while negative attitudes can reduce confidence and trigger language anxiety. Overall, the study highlights that Arabic achievement depends on the interplay of internal factors (character and spiritual motivation) and external factors (social support and learning environment). It recommends that SABK schools strengthen character development and social support within the curriculum to promote holistic student excellence aligned with Islamic educational philosophy.
Abdul Rahman Saili, Farah Adila Abdullah, Fazleen Abdul Fatah, Firdaus Haqimi Abdul Halim Chua, Nur Badriyah Kamarul Zaman, Nur Fatin Munirah Aris, Wan Noranida Wan Mohd Noor
This research examines the key factors influencing the adoption of precision agriculture (PA) among farmers in Kelantan, Malaysia. Specifically, the study investigates how the cost of technologies, farmers’ knowledge levels, awareness, technological infrastructure, and initial investment requirements shape the likelihood of adopting precision agriculture practices in the region. By employing a quantitative approach and factor analysis, that integrate socio-demographic characteristics with critical determinants of adoption, this study offers important insights into the economic implications of PA, opportunities for crop yield optimization, and potential strategies to strengthen agricultural productivity in Kelantan. The findings reveal that awareness, economic return and knowledge enhancement are central to improving precision agriculture adoption. Limited understanding of concepts and inadequate exposure to technology-based farming methods remain major obstacles among smallholders. Additionally, recommendations for providing financial support and incentives are proposed to overcome financial barriers and encourage farmers to adopt precision agriculture technologies. Overall, this research contributes to the growing body of literature on precision agriculture adoption in Malaysia by emphasizing the combined importance of technological advancements, knowledge dissemination, financial support, and collaborative efforts. Strengthening these elements is crucial for driving successful precision agriculture adoption, enhancing farm profitability and crop yield while promoting sustainable agricultural development in Kelantan, Malaysia.
Farah Zulaikha Syahrizal, Muhammad Safar Abdurahman, Noor Hanim Harun, Shafira Shaqiera Drani, Ummi Suhaila Suhaimi
This study aims to identify the factors influencing the development of literacy and numeracy among preschool children in rural areas. Literacy and numeracy are critical aspects of early cognitive development that determine a child's ability to succeed in formal learning. This study employs a quantitative approach using a questionnaire instrument developed based on previous literature and learning theories such as Piaget, Vygotsky and Bruner. A total of 62 preschool teachers in Hulu Selangor were involved as study respondents. The findings indicate that factors such as basic facilities, classroom environment, the use of technology, teacher teaching methods, and parental involvement play a significant role in supporting children's literacy and numeracy development. This article also presents practical recommendations to the relevant authorities and suggests directions for future research.
Sharifah Raudzah S Mahadi, Suriani Sukri, Waeibrorheem Waemustafa
The goal of this senior project is to investigate the variables that affect Malaysia's national car sales. The purpose of the study is to determine how the national car sales rate is affected by the gross domestic product, unemployment rate, inflation rate, and interest rate. The number of national automobile sales in Malaysia is the dependent variable (DV) in this study, whilst the gross domestic product, unemployment rate, inflation rate, and interest rate are the independent variables (IV). The study combines a qualitative research methodology and data from the internet, including the gross domestic product, unemployment rate, inflation rate, and interest rate as well as the number of national car sales in Malaysia from 1994 to 2022. Stata is then used to analyse the data. According to the literature analysis, those factors significantly influence the volume of national auto sales. Gross domestic product, unemployment rate, inflation rate, and interest rate are considered to be important variables that affect the volume of national auto sales. According to the study's findings, there is a substantial correlation between all of the independent factors (gross domestic product, unemployment rate, inflation rate, and interest rate) and the dependent variable (number of national car sales). The findings indicate that the number of national car sales in Malaysia is positively impacted by the gross domestic product, the unemployment rate, the inflation rate, and the interest rate. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the variables affecting the volume of domestic auto sales. Overall, this study adds to the body of information about the variables affecting the volume of domestic auto sales in Malaysia and provides guidance for policymakers and auto industry firms.
Andrelyn B. Nacario, Dr. Julie Ann A. Orobia
This study aimed to examine the Filipino language proficiency, literacy skills, and academic performance of Grade 11 learners. Specifically, it determined the learners’ proficiency levels in the Filipino language and literacy, assessed their academic performance, and explored the relationship among these variables. The study employed a quantitative descriptive-correlational design involving Grade 11 students as respondents. Results revealed that learners exhibited high proficiency in cultural and educational aspects of the Filipino language, with moderate proficiency in basic language skills. Literacy skills were generally high, especially in writing, though vocabulary and reading comprehension required further development. Most learners demonstrated outstanding academic performance, with a significant positive correlation found between literacy skills particularly reading comprehension and academic performance. However, Filipino language proficiency showed no significant relationship with academic performance. The findings suggest that while Filipino language proficiency is important, literacy skills play a more critical role in influencing academic success. The study recommends targeted literacy programs, teacher training, and parental support to enhance vocabulary and reading skills. Future research might investigate effective instructional strategies and additional factors affecting academic performance. This research provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers aiming to improve language instruction and student outcomes in senior high school.
Hanissah Mohamad @ Sulaiman, Muhammad Afif Firdaus Shahrudin, Niza Mohd Idris, Norazlina Abd Razak, Shahrudin Zakaria, Siti Aisah Mat Junos @ Yunus, Siti Huzaimah Husin, Zarina Baharudin Zamani
Skin cancer remains one of the most common yet preventable cancers worldwide. However, its diagnosis continues to reveal significant technological and social inequalities. This study examines how fractal analysis, particularly the Hausdorff Dimension (HD) which can serve both as a mathematical tool and a socially responsive framework for improving equity in skin cancer detection. Using a dataset of 155 dermoscopic images, HD-based features were integrated with a MATLAB neural-network classifier, achieving a baseline diagnostic accuracy of 78%. The model was then conceptually expanded using simulated crosscultural datasets to evaluate fairness, accessibility, and inclusiveness. 87.4% was achieved on the expanded, simulated dataset. Accuracy of 87.4% indicate that HD descriptors are able to capture the geometric irregularities of malignant lesions more objectively than conventional visual methods, offering a pathway toward earlier, non -invasive, and cost-efficient screening. From a social - science perspective, the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and fractal geometry highlights the ethical need to democratise healthcare technologies. Ultimately, this study positions “fractal intelligence” as a form of social innovation and translating computational precision into more equitable public-health outcomes.
Dr. Mazuwin Bt Haja Maideen, Mr. Yang Yang, Mr. Zining Zhu
Purpose – This conceptual paper examines the complexities of international talent management through the lens of glocalization, focusing on a Chinese herbal tea company expanding into the Singaporean market. It aims to explain how foreign firms can reconcile strategic cohesion with localized recruitment practices amid challenges such as limited qualified local talent and cultural incongruence between Chinese leadership and Singaporean employees. Design/Methodology/Approach – Adopting a conceptual and integrative approach, the paper synthesizes interdisciplinary scholarship from cross-cultural management, labor economics, and organizational behavior. It develops a glocalized human resource management framework that distinguishes between strategic-level continuity and operational-level cultural adaptation, supported by insights from hybrid leadership models and intercultural competence development. Findings – The analysis highlights that a combination of hybridized leadership practices, culturally responsive HR mechanisms, and localized recruitment strategies can collectively strengthen workforce cohesion and improve organizational fit in culturally pluralistic markets. The glocalized approach offers a pathway for balancing corporate identity with local responsiveness. Research Implications – This study contributes to the literature on international HRM by articulating a structured framework that foreign enterprises can adopt when navigating culturally diverse labor markets. It underscores the strategic necessity of aligning leadership style, cultural intelligence, and localized HR practices to enhance talent attraction, retention, and organizational sustainability in global expansion contexts.
Mahmoud Menyaoui, Pr. Lassaad Lakhal
This study investigates how organizational learning culture facilitates the development of AI-enhanced skills and how these skills stimulate intrapreneurial behavior and strengthen performance in North African startups. It addresses the growing need to understand how learning-oriented environments and emerging technologies interact to generate internal innovation in resource-constrained economies.
Nor Afidah Azmi, Roslizawati Ahmad, Sitti Aminah Baharuddin, Sitti Aminah Baharuddin Fatin Alia Shahar
Food and social media have risen in popularity with posting and sharing amongst younger generations. Modern youth represent a level of expertise or comfort with technology. This paper aims to analyse and compare food-tourism sharing behavior in TikTok across. Adopting a quantitative research approach a response from the sample of 315 respondents will be collected among the online consumer which is primary data obtained through questionnaires. The sampling technique was a purposive sampling technique. The data collection method used in this research is allocating an opinion poll online using Google Forms. The findings of this research will be beneficial to tourism marketers in Malaysia by delivering insights into Gen Z’s food travel behavior on TikTok, which empower them to grow in strategies in the direction of entice young travelers indirectly boost the branding of food tourism destinations.
Ayogu, Chiebonam Justina, Ezeugwu, Bonaventure Soromtochukwu, Nnadi, Onyinyechi Ifeanyi, Onah, Ogochukwu Gabriella, Onyenekwe, Chinasa Sylvia
Foodborne illnesses remain a major global health concern, with fresh produce like the increasingly popular garden egg often linked to contamination outbreaks. Although garden egg is widely consumed in Nigeria, little is known about farmers’ food safety behaviours, creating a gap in understanding and managing on-farm contamination risks. This study addresses that gap by examining the food safety practices of garden egg farmers in Nsukka Agricultural Zone, Enugu State, Nigeria. Using structured questionnaires, data were collected from 60 garden egg farmers chosen through a multi-stage sampling process. The data were analysed using percentages, average scores, and frequency. Most (76.7%) respondents demonstrated a high level of food safety knowledge. Significantly, their attitudes are very positive, with farmers agreeing that safety measures result in higher-quality garden eggs (M = 4.97, S.D. = 0.18) and can protect consumers from health risks (M = 4.97, S.D. = 0.18). They also opposed the idea that small-scale farmers should ignore regulations (M = 4.78, S.D. = 0.56), showing their commitment to compliance regardless of farm size. Practically, farmers focused on preventing cross-contamination (M = 3.87, S.D. = 0.39) and ensuring the use of clean, safe water for washing (M = 3.52, S.D. = 0.65). The study concludes that farmers' high knowledge and positive attitudes towards food safety practices are key factors that can promote the production of higher-quality garden eggs, protect consumers from health risks, and boost their economic well-being. It recommends that policymakers and extension workers provide regular monitoring and support to encourage adherence to food safety standards and practices.
Benedict Mutina Maluni, Caroline Ndunge Mutunga, Dr. Virginia Nyagah, Prof. Adiel Magana
Achievement in Mathematics at Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examinations has been poor over the years. The low achievement has partly been blamed on teaching methods which do not actively involve learners in the learning process, depriving them of taking charge of their learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cooperative learning strategy in enhancing students’ attitude in Mathematics in secondary schools in Meru South Sub- County. The study employed the Solomon Four-Group, Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The target population for the study was 2430 form three students in 44 co-educational secondary schools in Meru South Sub-County. The sample comprised 164 form three students from four co-educational schools within the Sub-County. Random sampling was used to select the four schools from a list of prequalified schools. Prequalification was based on the number of students, students’ entry behaviour, availability of teaching/learning resources and teachers' qualification. Simple random sampling technique was used to assign participating schools to experimental and control groups. A Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT). The instruments were piloted in Maara Sub-County in a co-educational secondary school with similar characteristics as the sampled schools. The reliability of the research instruments was estimated using Cronbach’s Alpha. A reliability coefficient of 0.79 for MAT was obtained. Validity of the instruments was ensured through expert judgment. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that MAT mean score for male (3.21) was lower than that of female (4.52). further, the t-test analysis established that the difference was no statistically significant between the mean scores for female and male students at α=0.05 significance level (t (86)=11.87, p>0.05).
Kazi Mostari
This paper explores how values education and good governance interact to shape national development in Bangladesh, with particular attention to gender impacts. Drawing on literature published between 2015 and 2025 and a small survey of 25 educators, administrators and policymakers, the study examines how ethical instruction in schools and governance practices influence social, economic and civic outcomes. Findings reveal that values education is inconsistently implemented across curricula, while weaknesses in governance—such as limited transparency, teacher absenteeism and political interference—reduce institutional effectiveness. Gender analysis shows that female students often have fewer opportunities for leadership and participation in co-curricular activities, highlighting disparities in the benefits of value-based programs. Stronger values education, coupled with gender-inclusive governance practices, can foster ethically responsible citizens and effective institutions, contributing directly to sustainable national development. The paper concludes by recommending the integration of values education across all levels of the curriculum, the strengthening of governance structures in both schools and higher education, the provision of systematic ethics training for teachers, the adoption of gender-responsive governance practices and the promotion of equitable and inclusive avenues for civic engagement.
KALU, Peters
The informal economy is a significant contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Nigeria, with women predominantly engaged in informal activities. This study explores the relationship between the informal economy and economic empowerment of women in Nigeria, examining the opportunities and challenges that arise from this intersection. Using qualitative approach, this work investigated how women's participation in informal economic activities affect their economic autonomy, decision-making power, and overall well-being. Findings from this research enterprise suggest that while the informal economy provides a vital source of income for women, it also perpetuates existing gender inequalities and vulnerabilities. This study argue that policies aimed at promoting women's economic empowerment in Nigeria must consider the complexities of the informal economy and prioritize inclusive, gender-sensitive interventions that address the specific needs and challenges of women in informal employment.
Ghabon Yasin, Okutoyi Purity
General Equilibrium (GE) theory provides a foundational framework for understanding how decentralized markets coordinate resource allocation. Yet the classical Arrow-Debreu model and its associated welfare theorems rely on assumptions of complete markets, perfect information, and strong institutions that rarely hold in frontier economies. This paper re-examines GE theory through the lens of market incompleteness and institutional fragility, showing that the predictive and normative power of GE becomes significantly weakened under frontier market conditions. Drawing on literature from incomplete markets theory, sequential equilibria, and institutional economics, the paper demonstrates that missing financial markets, contracting failures, and information asymmetries generate constrained inefficiencies and fragile equilibria that deviate markedly from Walrasian predictions
Rosleen Abdul Samad, Rosmiza Wahida Abdullah
Since 2020, mental health concerns have become more severe worldwide, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, economic instability, and social inequalities. During this period, digital and remote mental health services expanded, offering alternatives and complements to in-person care. This narrative review synthesizes global evidence on mental health trends from 2020 to 2025 and examines how Malaysia has responded, with a focus on digital and remote solutions. It brings together findings on mental disorders, vulnerable populations, suicide and self-harm, and the growing role of loneliness and social isolation, alongside Malaysian evidence on digital initiatives and implementation challenges. Overall, evidence indicates that depression and anxiety increased in the early stages of the pandemic, although patterns varied across regions and groups; healthcare workers, university students, children and adolescents. Children and adults experienced a disproportionate burden, while loneliness and social isolation emerged as important independent risk factors. Digital and remote interventions, including telepsychiatry, mobile applications, and web-based programs, generally produced small to moderate benefits and were well accepted, yet access remained uneven. Malaysian trials of smartphone- and text-based coaching tools, WhatsApp-delivered community support, and online suicide prevention initiatives demonstrated feasibility and promise but also highlighted barriers related to digital literacy, language, regulation, and infrastructure. Governmental and private-sector initiatives, such as telepsychiatry expansion, digital health platforms, and AI-enabled tools, signal a shift towards digital mental health. The review concludes that a coordinated national strategy that integrates community-based care, promotes digital equity, and is supported by robust governance is needed to realize the potential of digital and remote mental health services in Malaysia.
Hawar Sardar Ali
In Little Strangers, Waters blends gothic fiction and freud psychoanalysis to critique the decays and struggles of the British aristocratic society. With the gothic and evocative backdrop of Hundreds Hall, fabled to be one of the most exquisite manors, the house comes alive in the tale's backbone, reverberating its stark remnants with the dormant terrors and hopes of the characters. The prose of the Little Stranger comes alive with the interviews and volatile feelings and the architecture of the house, as one as its decaying spires and cob vexed with the dissertated antagonistic feelings, concealed hallucinations and conquering dominion of the stifling ancestry of the house Fraythe narrates his own picture of post imperial repression of England blending the ralted order of rationality with an unconscious island surging with repressed desires, of which his infatuation with Caroline Ayres epitomizes Freudian notions of repression and return of the repressed. The mysterious happenings within the hall are psychological as well as supernatural; they are the psychological manifestations of a person’s unresolved psychological conflicts. This inquiry, considers Freudian notions of the uncanny, repression and the double to argue that the true horror in the story stems from the psychological constructions of reality which result due to the weakening of the mind. Through Waters's narrative, The Little Stranger lays forth ideas of the blurring of the conscious and subconscious paving way to the harrowing impact occur when restrained liberated emotions emerge.
Faridah Che Husain, Harliana Halim, Mohd Syariefudin Abdullah, Waqar Muhammad Akbar, Zawiah Mat
The Malay Sultanate of Melaka represents a pivotal foundation in Malaysia's historical trajectory of nation-building. This study examines the political, cultural, and economic legacies of the Sultanate and their enduring influence on the development of national identity, governance structures, and socio-cultural integration in modern Malaysia. The method used for this research is qualitative descriptive by analysis of existing historical manuscripts, government archives, scholarly books, academic journals, and reputable online databases. Document analysis involves a systematic review of written records to identify key themes related to nation-building. This study highlights how Melaka’s history, cultural assimilation, political system, trade, religious values, and language have shaped Malaysia’s pluralistic society. The analysis emphasizes the Sultanate's role as a catalyst for regional unity and a governance model that influenced later political traditions. Ultimately, Melaka’s legacy is essential for understanding Malaysia’s contemporary nation-building framework.
Andi Molawaliada Patodongi, Budairti
The phenomenon of online gambling has grown rapidly as a form of digital crime that is adaptive to the weaknesses of the state's surveillance system. This study aims to analyze online gambling practices in Makassar City, Indonesia, with a focus on operational patterns, the effectiveness of government legal policies, and normative legitimacy from the perspective of siyasah syar'iyyah. The research approach is qualitative and descriptive, combining empirical juridical and normative analysis of Sharia. Primary data were obtained through field observation and in-depth interviews. Secondary data are sourced from laws and regulations, and scientific articles related to the research theme. The results of the study show that online gambling practices in Makassar City are dominated by slot games, poker, and lotteries accessed through social media, messaging applications, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). Transaction patterns utilize e-wallets and anonymous accounts, making it difficult to track the law. The government has carried out site blocking, site raids, and digital socialization, but its effectiveness is limited due to the limitations of digital forensics and weak cross-agency coordination. Religious institutions began to play a role in moral campaigns, but they were still sporadic. These structural barriers are even more contrasting when compared to the multi-level strategy of East Asian countries that combine artificial intelligence (AI) technology, cross-border financial cooperation, and national digital literacy. The implications of this study emphasize the need to shift the paradigm of online gambling prevention from a repressive approach to an integrative adaptive model that combines law, technology, institutions, and religious values. Strategic recommendations include strengthening AI-based domain monitoring, increasing digital forensic capacity, integrating policies across sectors, and optimizing the role of communities and religious institutions in prevention. This research contributes to the development of a national policy framework in the face of the increasingly complex challenges of online gambling.
Benedicta Akoto-Bamfo (Doctoral Researcher), Emmanuel Teiko (PhD)
This article explores the lasting family virtues rooted in classical Greek society and their reflection in contemporary Ghanaian society. It highlights the fundamental role of the family (oikos) in ancient Greece, emphasizing virtues like loyalty, respect for elders, piety, and social responsibility. Using historical analysis and literature synthesis, the study compares Greek family ethics with the value systems of contemporary Ghanaian families. By contrasting Greek historical and philosophical perspectives with Ghanaian societal norms, the study shows how family values serve as enduring frameworks for social identity and moral behaviour across time and cultures, continuing to influence social cohesion, moral upbringing, and community harmony in Ghana. Although grounded in Ethics and Classical studies, this paper adopts a multidisciplinary approach that combines historical and comparative cultural analysis. By examining these cross-cultural continuities and changes, the article highlights the ongoing significance of family values as a social and moral foundation in diverse cultural contexts.
Azrina Othman, Elly Julieanatasha Juma’at, Mohamed Hafiz Md Isa, Norhidayah Mohamad, Norsamsinar Samsudin, Nur Amielin Aisyah Hamiza
Green entrepreneurship plays a vital role in promoting sustainable development in Malaysia; however, entrepreneurs encounter barriers that constrain its growth. This study examines the impact of regulatory, financial, market, technological, and infrastructure barriers, as well as knowledge management barriers, on business growth across renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and eco-friendly product sectors. Using a quantitative approach, data from 376 entrepreneurs were analysed through ANOVA and multiple regression. Results show significant sectoral differences for regulatory (p = 0.035) and financial barriers (p = 0.033). The model explained 60.7% of the variance in business growth (R² = 0.607). All barriers significantly affected growth, with financial (β = 0.443) and regulatory (β = 0.188) showing the strongest influence, while knowledge management had a negative effect (β = –0.141). The findings imply an urgent need for streamlined regulations, targeted financial mechanisms, enhanced technological infrastructure, and stronger knowledge management systems to support innovation, competitiveness, and long-term sustainability in Malaysia’s green entrepreneurship ecosystem.
Daniel John D. Arboleda, Rosabeth M. Arturo, Rosebelle V. Tembrevilla
With the increasing rates of suicide in one of the provinces in the Philippines, there is a crucial need to research the levels of grief and coping with the bereaved families for prevention, mitigation, and intervention for further suicide cases. This descriptive-correlational research seeks to describe the socio-demographic profile of the 33 respondents; to measure the level of grief and coping of family members who were left by their loved ones who committed suicide; to identify the significant relationship between grief and coping with the demographic variables; and to find the strength of the correlation between grief and coping. Utilizing the Grief Experience Questionnaire and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory revealed low grief experience and moderate coping, respectively. Further, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation shows a significant relationship between grief and demographic variables such as municipality and relations to the victim. Similarly, coping is also associated with civil status. Likewise, there is a direct and strong relationship between grief and coping. Thus, the present study concludes that grief can be surpassed with an appropriate coping strategy. Comprehensive intervention programs such as psychoeducation, access to mental health services, financial support, and promotion of family values for bereaved families are suggested.
Ashley Timean, Edgitha Eyra Amuzu, Mohiramo Bahronbekova, Oluchi Jane Maduka
The United States healthcare system presents a paradox in which world-class medical innovation coexists with persistent disparities in access, affordability, and population health outcomes. Although the United States leads globally in pharmaceutical development, medical device manufacturing, and genomic and digital health innovations, millions of Americans continue to face barriers to essential care due to cost, insurance status, or geographic inequities. According to recent national expenditure data, healthcare spending reached approximately $4.9 trillion in 2023, equivalent to $14,570 per person and 17.6% of GDP. Despite this investment, an estimated 26 million individuals remained uninsured for some or all of 2023. This study uses a cross-sectional, quantitative approach and publicly available datasets from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the U.S. Census Bureau, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to examine relationships among innovation-driven spending, insurance coverage, affordability, and health outcomes. Findings highlight that while innovation spending correlates with improved clinical performance in several domains, its benefits remain uneven due to persistent affordability barriers. Recent evidence also shows that avoidable mortality has increased in all U.S. states over the past decade despite rising spending. The paper concludes with policy and organizational recommendations that emphasize aligning innovation and financing with equity-driven reforms in coverage, affordability, and organizational decision-making.
Duan Feng, Muhammad Nizam Bin Mohd Rosli, Yewguan Soo
The post-pandemic resurgence in global air travel has placed renewed strain on airport infrastructure, establishing the check-in hall as a critical bottleneck for operational efficiency and passenger satisfaction. This study addresses the Airport Check-in Counter Allocation Problem (CCAP) within the specific context of Malaysian airports, proposing a robust heuristic scheduling framework to mitigate resource congestion. By integrating rule-of-thumb heuristics with fundamental dispatching algorithms, specifically First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS), Earliest Deadline First (EDF), and Shortest Job First (SJF). The research employs a discrete simulation to evaluate performance under two contrasting regulatory environments: a flexible Mixed Counter strategy and a stringent Preferred Counter policy. The comparative analysis reveals that the Heuristic-FCFS combination under flexible allocation rules yields the optimal outcome, achieving a peak resource utilization rate of 45.3% while minimizing idle dormancy. Conversely, the enforcement of airline-specific constraints resulted in significant resource fragmentation, necessitating a 35% increase in active counters and depressing utilization rates to approximately 33.5% across all algorithmic variants. These findings provide empirical evidence that while algorithmic optimization contributes to efficiency, the structural removal of categorical resource barriers offers the most significant potential for economic and operational improvement in airport management.
Bagacina Cris B, Britanico, Christopher A, Lucena Rowel C
In the Filipino family structure, firstborn children often bear the weight of heightened expectations, emotional labor, and cultural values such as hiya (shame) and utang na loob (debt of gratitude). These constructs shape familial interactions and individual behavior, yet little is known about how they are internalized and negotiated by firstborns during early adulthood. This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of four Filipino firstborns aged 22–25 from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, the study uncovered how hiya serves as both a behavioral regulator and emotional suppressor, while utang na loob often manifests as an obligation that constrains personal agency. Participants described internalized sacrifice, emotional labor, and repressed autonomy as core elements of their experience. Findings suggest a need to re-express these cultural constructs in ways that honor family ties without compromising individual well-being. The study offers implications for culturally responsive mental health support and family education programs.
Mahmoud Menyaoui, Pr. Lassaad Lakhal
This study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) tools reshape work practices and foster intrapreneurial behavior within startups in Tunisia and North Africa. Using a qualitative multiple-case research design, data were collected from 24 semi-structured interviews across eight AI-adopting startups. The findings show that AI stimulates intrapreneurship through three key mechanisms: (1) work reconfiguration and cognitive relief generated by task automation; (2) enhanced opportunity recognition resulting from AI-driven insights; and (3) increased confidence and speed in problem-solving through predictive and simulation capabilities. The study also highlights that organizational culture—particularly autonomy, openness, and psychological safety—moderates the extent to which employees turn AI-enabled insights into innovative actions. This research contributes to digital transformation and intrapreneurship literature by identifying AI as a catalyst for cognitive, structural, and behavioral change. It offers practical guidance for leaders seeking to leverage AI to strengthen internal innovation in emerging-market contexts.
Faten FEKIH AHMED
This study examines how the cultural profile of Tunisian SME leaders influences organizational performance through two key mediating mechanisms: Cultural Intelligence (CQ) and intercultural learning processes. A questionnaire administered to 45 executives measured international exposure, cultural orientations, language proficiency, the three CQ dimensions, intercultural learning practices, and four performance indicators: strategic alignment, innovation, operational efficiency, and internal satisfaction. Results indicate that although leaders show limited international exposure, they display strong motivational and behavioral CQ and relatively good language proficiency. Intercultural learning is active but remains weak in error recognition and correction. Performance is generally positive, except for innovation, which constitutes the main shortfall. The analysis suggests that the cultural profile affects performance primarily through CQ and intercultural learning, confirming their mediating role in organizational adaptation and innovative capacity. These findings highlight the need to strengthen cognitive CQ and increase international exposure in order to foster innovation and enhance the competitiveness of Tunisian SMEs.
Lassaad Lakhaal, Nour Ben Guedria
Flexibility has long been recognized as a key characteristic of effective HRM systems, yet empirical evidence regarding its outcomes—particularly in relation to innovation—remains limited. Drawing on dynamic capabilities theory, this study develops and tests a model examining the impact of flexibility-oriented HRM (FHRM) systems on firms’ innovation performance through absorptive capacity. The empirical analysis is based on data collected from 210 managers of SMEs operating in the electrical and mechanical industries in Tunisia. The findings highlight distinct effects of FHRM on the two dimensions of absorptive capacity—potential and realized AC. Moreover, the results show that absorptive capacity partially mediates the relationship between flexibility-oriented HRM systems and innovation performance. These findings extend theoretical understanding of HRM as an organizational antecedent of absorptive capacity and underline its strategic role in shaping innovation outcomes. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and managerial implications, as well as limitations and directions for future research.
Dr. Philip V. Saywrayne, III
This article investigates the detrimental impact of bribery, both monetary and sexual, on academic integrity, institutional credibility, and graduate employability within global educational systems. Academic corruption, particularly in the form of “sex-for-grades” and “money-for-grades,” has become an alarming ethical and institutional crisis undermining higher education’s core purpose. Drawing on recent scholarly works and international case studies, the paper illustrates how such practices compromise academic standards, erode fairness, and produce graduates ill-equipped for professional competence. The findings reveal that these unethical practices distort meritocratic assessment, weaken institutional trust, and perpetuate cycles of mediocrity and corruption. Although the study draws primarily on secondary sources, thereby limiting contextual specificity, it highlights the urgent need for empirical, localized investigations to enrich the evidence base. The article concludes by recommending reforms in institutional governance, enforcement of anti-corruption policies, and integration of ethics education to safeguard academic integrity and enhance graduate employability.
ADEDIWURA Alaba Adeyemi, AROGUNDADE, Islamiyyah. Oluwakemi, BABAYEMI Beatrice Oluwakemi
This research analysed the impact of hybrid learning methods on students’ engagement and academic performance in secondary schools of selected states in southwestern Nigeria. A quasi-experimental method was utilised where 600 students from six schools, three practising the hybrid and three the traditional learning, were used as research subjects. The tools for the study were the Student Engagement Scale and the Academic Achievement Test, both of which were highly reliable (α = 0.94 and α = 0.91, respectively). The analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent-samples t-tests. It was found that hybrid learning students showed significantly higher engagement (M = 3.97, SD = 0.46) and academic achievement (M = 34.96, SD = 5.81) than students in traditional settings (M = 3.39, SD = 0.49; M = 29.87, SD = 5.76). Mean differences were statistically significant (p < .001) and had large effect sizes, thus indicating that hybrid learning is a great enabler of both engagement and performance. Notwithstanding, challenges such as inconsistent electricity supply, poor internet access, and a shortage of ICT facilities were identified as major obstacles to the effective implementation of the hybrid method. The study shows that although hybrid learning has the potential to transform teaching and learning in Nigerian secondary schools, addressing infrastructure and teacher capacity constraints is essential for success.
ADEDIWURA Alaba Adeyemi, AROGUNDADE, Islamiyyah. Oluwakemi, BABAYEMI Beatrice Oluwakemi
This research analysed the impact of hybrid learning methods on students’ engagement and academic performance in secondary schools of selected states in southwestern Nigeria. A quasi-experimental method was utilised where 600 students from six schools, three practising the hybrid and three the traditional learning, were used as research subjects. The tools for the study were the Student Engagement Scale and the Academic Achievement Test, both of which were highly reliable (α = 0.94 and α = 0.91, respectively). The analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent-samples t-tests. It was found that hybrid learning students showed significantly higher engagement (M = 3.97, SD = 0.46) and academic achievement (M = 34.96, SD = 5.81) than students in traditional settings (M = 3.39, SD = 0.49; M = 29.87, SD = 5.76). Mean differences were statistically significant (p < .001) and had large effect sizes, thus indicating that hybrid learning is a great enabler of both engagement and performance. Notwithstanding, challenges such as inconsistent electricity supply, poor internet access, and a shortage of ICT facilities were identified as major obstacles to the effective implementation of the hybrid method. The study shows that although hybrid learning has the potential to transform teaching and learning in Nigerian secondary schools, addressing infrastructure and teacher capacity constraints is essential for success.
Abdul Khalid Mahdi, Siti Nur Rohani Hasbie
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) education has become an essential component of sustainable development, particularly in ensuring equitable and inclusive access to quality learning opportunities for marginalised communities. This conceptual review examines the necessity of ICT education among the Indigenous Orang Asli communities in Malaysia by analysing how digital literacy, technological exposure, and cultural adaptation intersect with broader goals of community empowerment. While earlier debates centred on whether Indigenous learners require ICT integration, current developments highlight its growing importance for accessing global knowledge, enhancing socio-economic opportunities, and preserving cultural heritage in digital formats. Findings from the literature suggest that ICT education functions not only as a tool for academic learning but also as a pathway for Indigenous empowerment, participation, and self-determination within contemporary society. ICT exposure enables Orang Asli communities to bridge the digital divide, strengthen cultural resilience, and adapt to the demands of an increasingly technology-driven economy. This review further identifies key factors supporting ICT inclusion, including access, culturally responsive pedagogies, and community-driven digital initiatives. Ultimately, ICT education must be positioned as a fundamental need rather than an optional resource, ensuring that Orang Asli learners are equipped with the competencies required to thrive while safeguarding their cultural identity. This paper proposes that aligning Indigenous cultural values with ICT integration is vital for achieving meaningful digital participation and fostering long-term community sustainability
IGAA Noviekayati, Izzudin Muhammad Firas, Suhadianto
Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, significantly affecting patients' physical, cognitive, and psychological abilities. Psychological resilience, as an adaptive capacity, is crucial for post-stroke patients to recover function and quality of life. However, many stroke survivors exhibit low levels of resilience, which implies an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and decreased rehabilitation compliance. Understanding the most consistent determinants of resilience is a crucial step in developing targeted interventions. This study aims to identify and synthesize the main causal factors contributing to low levels of psychological resilience in post-stroke patients, based on the latest empirical evidence from the scientific literature. This systematic review follows the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in electronic databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed using a combination of relevant keywords (MeSH terms), including "Resilience," "Stroke," "Post-Stroke," and "Determinants" or "Factors." The inclusion criteria were quantitative or qualitative research articles published between 2020 and 2025, available in full text in English or Indonesian, and focusing on factors that influence resilience in adult stroke patients. A total of 11 core articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in depth. The determining factors were grouped into internal factors (such as self-efficacy, hope, self-esteem, and coping style) and external factors (such as social support, functional status, and environment). Key findings show that self-efficacy and social support are the most consistent predictors of resilience. Furthermore, resilience was found to be negatively associated with psychological conditions such as post-stroke depression and anxiety. Internal and external factors play an important role in determining post-stroke resilience. Nursing and rehabilitation interventions should focus on increasing self-efficacy and strengthening social support networks to improve patients' adaptive capacity.
Roel T. Lim, Telesfora Juarbal Crayo
Illegal logging remains a persistent threat to forest-dependent communities in Surigao del Sur, undermining ecological integrity and community livelihoods despite existing policies and enforcement efforts. The study was conducted to propose policy recommendations aimed at reducing illegal logging and enhancing forest– community partnerships. Guided by a descriptive research design, the study employed structured questionnaires administered to 25 respondents composed of community residents, Bantay Gubat members, and Forest Rangers from Diatagon and Gata. Data were complemented by observations of community practices and demographic profiles, then analyzed using descriptive statistics. This approach allowed for a nuanced understanding of awareness levels, the perceived effectiveness of policies, and the socioeconomic impacts of illegal logging.
Fatin Aliah Binti Yahya, M. Shahkhir Mozamir, Muhammad Ismat Abdul Hadzirin, Najjah Thuwaibah Mohd Kudhri, Nurul Husna Mohd Husni, Shafina Abd Karim Ishigaki
This paper presents the development and evaluation of an immersive virtual reality (VR) application designed to raise mental health awareness through 3D narrative boards. Utilizing Unreal Engine and 3D modeling software, we constructed realistic scenarios depicting the lived experiences of individuals facing depression. The system enables users to interact with immersive environments from a first-person perspective, with narrative elements guiding the user’s understanding of mental health challenges. A usability study was conducted involving target users who experienced the VR application and subsequently completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire. The results demonstrated high usability, user engagement, and strong potential for fostering empathy and awareness regarding depression. This research highlights the advantages of integrating VR, 3D character animation, and interactive storytelling into educational tools for mental health. The findings underscore the effectiveness of applied computer and information science techniques in creating impactful health education resources. This approach provides a novel platform for future mental health campaigns and represents a significant step towards the digital transformation of public health education.
Fen Chen
The global wave of digital transformation brings new opportunities and challenges for employees’ adaptive performance. Drawing on Conservation of Resources theory and Social Cognitive Theory, this study examines how employees’ openness to digital transformation affects adaptive performance and the mechanisms at play. Using questionnaire data from 431 employees in typical digital transformation industries in Guangdong Province, we conduct an empirical analysis. The results show that openness to digital transformation has a significant positive effect on adaptive performance. Job crafting mediates the relationship between openness to digital transformation and adaptive performance. Further, learning goal orientation positively moderates the link between openness to digital transformation and job crafting, strengthening the indirect effect of openness on adaptive performance through job crafting. In sum, there is a moderated mediation effect.
Nadzirah Mohd Said, Nik Safiah Nik Abdullah, Solehah Yahaya
The impact of financial inclusion on education is a topic that is generating widespread interest among researchers and practitioners. In this paper, the authors review the existing literature to highlight the state of research in the literature and identify new opportunities for innovative research. The author used a bibliometric analysis to show the patterns in the literature review. The authors find that significant research on the topic emerged in the post2008 years. Most common channels through which financial inclusion affects education are through greater access to financial inclusion that cause better education status. The review paper concludes by identifying some directions for future research. This paper presents a rigorous bibliometric analysis review of the existing literature on the impact of financial inclusion towards education status. It highlights the main approach that researchers have taken on this and identifies some important research areas for future investigation. Keywords: Financial inclusion, Education, Bibliometric analysis
Abdullah Mat Safri, Nasrul Hadi Johari, Shakirah Saidin, Syifak Izhar Hisham, Zahian Ismail
There are many campaigns of cyber security awareness being done to the public by many parties, educational institutions, cyber security industries, government agencies, financial institutions, and many more. Among the popular campaign methods is a talk or a forum. An ‘Explorace’ game has been introduced as an alternative way for students of the Information Security subject from the Faculty of Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah with the aim to convey the knowledge of cyber-attacks to spread awareness to the public while practicing the skills they have learned in the class and practicing how to campaign confidently. The encouragement to the students to spread awareness is the challenge of getting the top place in the game, and the pressure of having been asked by the public about the attacks they are conveying. The ‘Explorace’ game as a learning activity in the class will be more challenging, and the knowledge acquired by the students will be faster and longer-lasting with them. As a result, the students from this subject scored 61.2% as the average results in the mid-term test, while another batch of students who did not use this approach scored 58.94% in the previous semester. While in the final exam, 61.46% is the average result for this semester, compared to only 41.09% as the average result from the previous batch, which did not use this approach in learning. These results show that outdoor activities have a significant impact on enriching the understanding of cyber-attacks and the encryption concept among students. In another aspect of awareness, as many as 110 people had been approached to listen to the awareness campaign during the two-hour session of ‘Explorace’. 98% of the students are also satisfied with spreading the knowledge using this way.
Abdullah Mat Safri, Nasrul Hadi Johari, Shakirah Saidin, Syifak Izhar Hisham, Zahian Ismail
There are many campaigns of cyber security awareness being done to the public by many parties, educational institutions, cyber security industries, government agencies, financial institutions, and many more. Among the popular campaign methods is a talk or a forum. An ‘Explorace’ game has been introduced as an alternative way for students of the Information Security subject from the Faculty of Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang AlSultan Abdullah with the aim to convey the knowledge of cyber-attacks to spread awareness to the public while practicing the skills they have learned in the class and practicing how to campaign confidently. The encouragement to the students to spread awareness is the challenge of getting the top place in the game, and the pressure of having been asked by the public about the attacks they are conveying. The ‘Explorace’ game as a learning activity in the class will be more challenging, and the knowledge acquired by the students will be faster and longer-lasting with them. As a result, the students from this subject scored 61.2% as the average results in the mid-term test, while another batch of students who did not use this approach scored 58.94% in the previous semester. While in the final exam, 61.46% is the average result for this semester, compared to only 41.09% as the average result from the previous batch, which did not use this approach in learning. These results show that outdoor activities have a significant impact on enriching the understanding of cyber-attacks and the encryption concept among students. In another aspect of awareness, as many as 110 people had been approached to listen to the awareness campaign during the two-hour session of ‘Explorace’. 98% of the students are also satisfied with spreading the knowledge using this way.
Daniel Rince George
Late grade submission is a persistent problem for all the public universities in Sierra Leone and generates significant administrative and psychological workload for Examinations Officers (EOs) and registry staff. This study investigated (1) the patterns of late grade submission and its impact on the psychological well-being of examinations staff, and (2) organizational factors and interventions reducing lateness and promoting staff well-being. The convergent mixed-methods design was applied, where quantitative analysis of retrospective administrative and survey data was being equated with qualitative results from interviews and focus group discussions. The study was conducted in six public universities Njala University, University of Sierra Leone, Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology, Eastern Technical University, Milton Margai Technical University, and Freetown Polytechnic for the period 2018–2025. The respondents consisted of 150 participants, i.e., Examinations Officers, Assistant Examinations Officers, and Registry staff. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multivariable linear regression. The findings reported chronic lateness in grade submission throughout the study period. The mean lateness in days ranged from 8.2 to 11.3 days, and between 61–68% of courses were late each year, with the most in 2020–2021 years following COVID-19 had disturbed them. Institution-wise, the University of Sierra Leone recorded the highest average lateness (11.2 days; 67.0% late submissions). Mental health indices were noteworthy poor: 80.7% reported greater than the clinical cut-off for stress, 72.0% for anxiety, 65.3% for depression, and 64.7% for burnout (Maslach Emotional Exhaustion subscale). Regression analyses showed that with each extra day of delay, there was a 0.77-point increase in a higher stress score (95% CI: 0.51–1.03, p < 0.001), a 0.58-point rise in anxiety (95% CI: 0.29–0.87, p < 0.001), and positive rises in depression and burnout scores. Higher staffing ratios and higher MIS maturity significantly moderated these associations (p < 0.05), cushioning employees from the psychological consequences of delays. Qualitative findings reinforced these trends, highlighting system-level issues such as last-minute departmental submissions, lean administrative staff, weak enforcement of Senate deadlines, and incoherent digital foundation. They had portrayed navigating by means of overtime work, ad hoc peer support, and process shortcuts manufactured by default, often at the expense of wellbeing. The study confirms that chronic late grade submissions are a structural occupational health risk to examination workers, resulting in excessive stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout levels. Increasing Management Information Systems (MIS), additional staffing, introducing tiered deadlines, and introducing staff wellness and support programs are critical in alleviating such effects and institutional effectiveness enhancement.
Anitha Thamil Selvan, Nomahaza Mahadi, Siti Azreen Habeeb Rahuman, Siti Sarah Omar
Job satisfaction among healthcare employees remains a decisive factor in shaping the quality, continuity, and integrity of healthcare delivery. This study explores the underlying contributors to low job satisfaction and examines how these conditions influence organisational performance within the healthcare sector. The literature consistently points to workload pressure, burnout, limited recognition, inadequate remuneration, and unsupportive work environments as central issues that weaken employee morale and reduce overall engagement. These conditions have been associated with higher turnover, greater financial strain on organisations, and increased risks to patient safety. Evidence from multiple settings indicates that dissatisfaction disrupts service quality, contributes to medical errors, and places additional stress on remaining staff, creating a cycle that is difficult to reverse once established. The discussion further highlights how global health crises, including the recent pandemic, intensified existing structural weaknesses and magnified the emotional and professional burden carried by healthcare workers. The findings reinforce the argument that strengthening job satisfaction is not merely an employment concern but a strategic priority for organisational resilience. Fostering supportive work environments, ensuring fair and transparent compensation, improving recognition practices, and creating meaningful opportunities for growth are essential pathways toward sustaining a committed and competent healthcare workforce.
Eunice Magno-Rivera
The Adopt-a-School and Mentoring Program is a sustained extension initiative spearheaded by the Bataan Peninsula State University-Dinalupihan Campus (BPSU-DC) for the faculty of Saint Jerome Emiliani School (SJES). Its core purpose is to extend technical assistance and mentorship to the faculty and staff in achieving and maintaining quality instruction by proactively supporting and guiding teachers in updating their strategies and aligning with new educational trends and institutional requirements.
Issa Djimet, Ndoubangar Tompté
Over the decades, human languages have been studied in terms of community preferences for one language over another (Alshahrani, 2019; Anderson, 2008; Aziber, 2021). These studies fall under the framework of language planning and language policy (LPLP) (Shohamy, 2006; Spolsky, 2004, 2007). This paper investigates language policy in Chad, a French-speaking country that adopted Arabic as a second official language in the 1970s (Collelo, 1990; Coudray, 1996). The emphasis is on how language policy has been implemented and the extent to which the two official languages are used in public institutions and schools, where English presents additional challenges (Safotso & Ndoubangar, 2018, 2020; Ndoubangar & Etuge Apuge, 2023). Special attention is given to the teaching and rapid growth of English in Chad (Rosni et al., 2016). The data come from government institutions and public schools, as well as official and instructional documents (Fadoul, 2017). The analysis is based on Spolsky’s (2004) theory of language policy and management. The findings indicate that Chad’s top-down language policy has generated negative attitudes toward the teaching and learning of Arabic, even as English is steadily gaining prominence (Aziber, 2021; Cameron, 2006). They also reveal conflicting perceptions of Arabic and insufficient preparation of Arabic teaching materials across different education levels (Alshahrani, 2019; Schiffman, 2006). Furthermore, the results show that use of Arabic in Chad remains very limited, despite its status as a compulsory subject in primary schools in the early 1960s and its designation as an official language in the 1996 Constitution (Collelo, 1990; Coudray, 1996). These findings suggest that, for Arabic to develop effectively as an official language, the government’s language policy must be reconsidered to promote stable bilingualism in Chad (Shohamy, 2006; Spolsky, 2007).
Francis Wakhu Omusula
Education plays a central role in national development, with teaching and learning resources forming the core inputs that shape students’ academic outcomes. Despite students entering secondary schools in Nairobi County with strong Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) performance, some continue to record declining achievement in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE). This study examined the influence of material resources, physical facilities, and human resources on students’ academic achievements in public secondary schools in Nairobi County. A descriptive survey design was employed, targeting a principal, teachers, and students from a selected public secondary school. Data were collected using questionnaires and document analysis, and analyzed through descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that while some teaching and learning materials were available, most were insufficient or overstretched due to increased enrollment linked to the 100% transition policy. Physical facilities—including laboratories, libraries, and sanitation resources—were inadequate and in poor condition. Human resource shortages further contributed to high teacher workloads and limited curriculum coverage. The study concludes that inadequate teaching and learning resources significantly influence students’ academic performance. It recommends increased government funding, improved teacher staffing, investment in physical facilities, and greater adoption of professional development programs to enhance instructional quality. Strengthening monitoring and evaluation mechanisms is also essential to ensure effective and accountable utilization of educational resources.
Divya Midhunchakkaravarthy, Kavita Mootoosamy, Rasak Bamidele
This study examines the challenges and policy gaps in Mauritius's stakeholder engagement, resource allocation, and education governance. It is based on Institutional Theory and explores how the normative, cognitive, and regulative pillars influence institutional behavior and lead to systemic inertia in the educational system. Using a mixed-methods design, the study combines qualitative and quantitative techniques. Two hundred participants, including administrators, educators, civil society representatives, and policymakers, were purposefully and stratified sampled to provide data. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was employed alongside statistical analyses such as regression, correlation, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the connections between governance, resource allocation, stakeholder engagement, and policy effectiveness. Results show that the key variables are strongly positively interrelated (R = 0.742; R² = 0.551; p < 0.001), and that the implementation of education policies is significantly affected by governance (β = 0.364), resource allocation (β = 0.315), stakeholder engagement (β = 0.287), and policy consistency (β = 0.243). Transparency, accountability, and equity enhance educational outcomes, while corruption and inconsistent policies hinder progress, according to SEM results (CFI = 0.958; RMSEA = 0.062), which confirm the model’s validity. The study concludes that, to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), Mauritius needs equitable funding, participatory engagement, and effective governance reforms. It recommends long-term policy coherence, decentralized budgeting, stakeholder empowerment, and institutional accountability mechanisms to promote sustainable educational development.
Dr. Emmanuel C. Afunwa, Mr. Olumide Omobitan
Introduction: The Nigerian pharmaceutical industry is growing with the potentials of doing a lot better than it is presently toward achieving medicines security for the country, but it faces critical challenges regarding ethical advertising practices. Ethical advertising is important to ensure pharmaceutical products are promoted transparently protecting consumers’ health and maintaining trust in the sector. This paper examines the imperatives and strategies for ethical advertising within the Nigerian Pharmaceutical Industry using Emzor Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, a major player in the market as case study. By analyzing Emzor’s advertising practices, this study aims to highlight the current ethical standards, identify challenges and propose strategies for improvement. Methods: This study employed a two-pronged methodological approach; a review of existing literature and content analysis. The review of literature examined relevant academic articles, regulatory guidelines, and industry reports to establish a theoretical framework for ethical advertising in the pharmaceutical sector. This review provided insights into the regulatory space, industry standards, and best practices for ethical advertising. The content analysis was used to assess the actual advertising materials of Emzor Pharmaceutical Industries Limited. This included print materials, digital and broadcast materials. These were analyzed to examine how well they align with ethical standards in terms of accuracy, transparency and comprehensiveness. By comparing how it stands with recommended guidelines and regulatory requirements the study can gauge the company’s compliance to these standards. Findings/Discussion: The findings reveal that Emzor Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited demonstrates some commitment to ethical advertising as evidenced by adherence to regulatory guidelines and industry standards. The company advertisements generally provide balanced information about medicine efficacy, safety and side effects. It was observed from the content analysis that 63% reported relatively accurate information about advertised medicines while only 16% reported about the inherent risks associated with the medications. A significant proportion of advertisement materials lacked clarity in conveying potential risks associated with the medications which could mislead consumers or healthcare professionals, as there are no medicines without side effects. The literature review and content analysis showed dire needs for ethical advertising in the Nigerian Pharmaceutical sector and the need for enforcement of regulatory guidelines, the need for transparent and accurate communication, and ongoing training for those involved in company’s promotional activities. Some challenges such as competitive pressures and poor regulatory oversight functions were identified as the problem of the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry. Conclusion: The study concludes that Emzor Pharmaceutical Industries Limited is largely successful in implementing ethical advertising practices but also faces ongoing challenges common to the industry that require attention. For the wider Nigerian Pharmaceutical Industry, the findings underscore the importance of stringent regulatory oversight and clear ethical guidelines. The findings in the industry highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to ethical advertising, incorporating robust internal controls and continuous professional development of those involved in medications promotional functions. Future research should focus on the effectiveness of regulatory interventions and explore how similar strategies can be applied across the entire spectrum of the Nigerian Pharmaceutical sector to improve overall ethical advertising in the industry.
Nazli Aziz, Wan Ahmad Tirmizi Wan Sulaiman
This research examines the implementation of the Good Governance and Government Transformation Programs (GTP) at the local government level in Kelantan between 2010 and 2020. This timeframe reflects the implementation of the GTP by the Malaysian government. The study aims to evaluate how local governments implement The Government Transformation Programs within the framework of good governance. This research employs a qualitative case study approach guided by the UNDP (1997) good governance model and the Modified Political System Theory. The findings indicate that local governments, as the closest administrative units to citizens, functioned as mediators between federal and state governments, enabling impartial governance implementation. Their practices demonstrated an adaptation of federal and state approaches to local socio-economic, political, and cultural contexts. This coordination shows that elements of good governance emerged as the GTP’s top-down initiatives were operationalized through bottom-up processes. However, the local governments’ ability to implement key indicators of good governance participation, transparency, and accountability varied across the indicators.
Ebrima Saine, Khadija Ally Kisanzo, Martha N. Mgalla
China's basic education reforms, following national plans such as the 2010-2020 National Plan and the Education Modernization 2035 strategy, have effectively increased access to education and created a system that focuses on both quality and fairness. However, this organized literature review shows a big difference between what policies intend to do and how they are actually carried out at the local level. The study says that although approaches like fiscal equalization and teacher rotation make sense, they don't work well because there are deep-seated problems within the system. These include a culture that focuses too much on exams, which stops new teaching methods from being used, not enough rewards for teachers, and the harmful side effects of policies like closing down schools in rural areas. Ongoing problems such as the hukou system and the digital divide make inequality worse. The study says that to be successful in the future, we need to go beyond just creating policies. We should focus on building stronger local abilities, making sure everyone's goals match, and using methods that fit the specific situation to ensure fair results for all.
Anabelle T. Pantaleon, Janine Joy L. Tenerife-Cañete, Lilibeth C. Pinili, Maria Regil E. Vasquez, Randy C. Mangubat, Raymond C. Espina, Reylan G. Capuno, Veronica O. Calasang
Inclusive education, mandated by the Philippine Republic Act 11650, remains unevenly implemented, particularly in mainstream public school settings where non-Special Education (non-SpEd) teachers often serve as the first line of support for learners with special needs. This study assessed the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAPs) of non-SpEd teachers at Nangka National High School regarding the implementation of inclusive education and examined the correlation among these variables. Utilizing a quantitative, descriptive-correlational design, the research gathered data from 30 purposively selected non-SpEd teachers using a validated survey questionnaire. Statistical analysis included the Weighted Mean to determine the level of KAPs and Pearson’s r correlation to test the relationships. The overall results showed that the teachers demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge (mean = 2.81), a positive attitude (mean = 2.70), and inclusive practices (mean = 3.24) toward inclusive education. A strong positive correlation was found between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.628, p < .001), suggesting that increased knowledge leads to more favorable perspectives. Moreover, the study revealed a very weak and statistically insignificant negative relationship between attitude and practices (r = -0.116, p = 0.542). This indicates a gap where positive intentions do not consistently translate into the effective and observable application of inclusive classroom strategies. Finally, the study also showed a weak and statistically insignificant negative correlation between knowledge and practices (r = -0.167, p = 0.379). This means that a teacher’s level of knowledge about inclusive education does not necessarily correspond to the frequency or quality of their inclusive practices. The findings emphasize that while teachers are willing, external or structural factors may hinder consistent implementation. Based on these results, a School-Based Action Plan is proposed to strengthen inclusive education through targeted capacity-building, peer mentoring, and policy integration.
Anis Munirah Elias, Fiona Anak Lawing, Kamariah Hussein, Nooraini Jamal, Rozila Ibrahim, Zaimatul Ruhaizah Kamarazaman, Zuraida Jorkasi
This study examined the causes, patterns, and consequences of lost time injuries (LTIs) among healthcare workers in a tertiary care institution in Kuala Lumpur. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used, and data were collected from 274 respondents through a structured online questionnaire. The analysis focused on workplace injury trends, workers’ perception of safety, and factors linked to LTIs. The findings showed that workplace injuries were common, with more than half of respondents reporting at least one injury. Musculoskeletal disorders were the most frequent, followed by exposure-related injuries, cuts, and psychological strain. Perception of workplace safety varied, with many workers expressing confidence in safety training but nearly half reporting concerns about policy consistency and organisational commitment.
Annly Michelle Tommy, Hanafi Haron, Hanna Chieng Leh Tiing, Jessy Leslie Ungon, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani
The realm of biomass energy projects in East Malaysia presents a promising avenue for sustainable energy solutions. However, navigating the intricate landscape of land tenure poses significant challenges to the successful implementation of such projects. This research paper examines the importance of biomass energy, the legal and regulatory framework governing the land tenure in East Malaysia, shedding light on pertinent policies, laws, and customary practices that influence land access and ownership rights. Drawing upon case studies, this research paper illustrates real-world examples of land tenure challenges encountered in biomass energy projects across East Malaysia. It discusses issues such as conflicting land claims, inadequate land-use planning, tenure insecurity, and socio-economic disparities, which often hinder project development and community engagement. Hence, through a comprehensive legal analysis and examination of conflict resolution strategies, this paper aims to provide insights in promoting sustainable and socially responsible biomass energy development in East Malaysia. To conclude, the abstract underscores the significance of addressing land tenure issues in the realm of biomass energy projects in East Malaysia to ensure their sustainability and positive impact on the environment, economy and society.
Anabelle T. Pantaleon, Janine Joy L. Tenerife-Cañete, Lilibeth C. Pinili, Melodie Rose T. Paculanang, Randy C. Mangubat, Raymond C. Espina, Reylan G. Capuno, Veronica O. Calasang
This quantitative descriptive-correlational study assessed the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of non-Special Education (non-SpEd) teachers on the implementation of Inclusive Education for Learners with Special Needs at Matab-ang Elementary School. The research addressed the persistent challenge in Philippine public schools of uneven inclusive practice and limited professional preparedness among general education teachers. The study involved 30 non-SpEd teachers selected through purposive sampling , and the data were analyzed using Weighted Mean and Pearson’s r Correlation. The findings revealed varying levels across the three domains: teachers demonstrated a Moderate level of Knowledge (Mean = 3.24) and a generally Positive Attitude (Mean = 2.67) toward inclusive education. Their actual classroom behaviors, however, were rated as Highly Inclusive (Mean = 3.26). This suggests that despite a moderate conceptual understanding and minimal formal training, teachers' professional commitment drives them to actively adopt inclusive approaches. The correlation analysis showed a moderate positive and statistically significant relationship between Knowledge and Practices (r = 0.423, p = 0.020) , underscoring the crucial role of formal understanding in shaping effective classroom implementation. Conversely, the relationships between Knowledge and Attitude (r = -0.193) and Attitude and Practices (r = 0.110) were found to be non-significant. Based on these results, the study proposes the Inclusive Education Empowerment Program (IEEP) as a comprehensive action plan to enhance teachers’ competence, ensuring the consistent and effective application of inclusive education principles.
Dr. Beverlyne Asiko Ambuyo
Democracy is an integrated political system which came about through the infusion of two political traditions; liberty which is often called freedom and popular sovereignty or self-government. Liberty belongs to individuals, while popular sovereignty is a property of the community as a whole. Therefore, democracy is a systematically structured form of freedom. It is about justice, equality and the freedom of expression. Freedom of expression fosters publics to clearly put forward their needs and demands on governance. This is only made possible through a language that the citizens understand best. Language embodies knowledge, identity, and human relationships, it creates and is created by society. Therefore, democratic politics is politics in vernacular. It therefore implies the use of a language that encourages all players to make an effort to understand each other. This involves the willingness to overcome the barriers to mutual understanding, including the linguistic ones. Using the three communicative democratic theory tenets discussed by Young (1996): greetings, rhetoric and storytelling, this paper analyses the strategies that are used to enhance the possible democratic space by our leaders through the use of the indigenous languages having in mind that Kenya is a multilingual society. Data was purposively sampled through You-tube to get a leader who used indigenous languages during various public meetings. The Right honourable Raila, Amolo, Odinga strategically used greetings in the indigenous languages of every community before addressing them. He also used rhetoric and storytelling/narration to bring the people together to appreciate an intimate experience that brings out a deeper understanding and respect for each other’s language.
Justine Rheyvan R. Tataro, Robert Jay L. Rabeje, Rodave G. Prestado, Syra Lyn B. Magistrado
This paper has discussed the role of laboratory anxiety in the learning of skills and confidence in operating electrical equipment among Electrical Engineering students. Due to the risky environment of electrical laboratories, it was discovered in the research that the fear of equipment, the fear of safety, the fear of error, and the pressure on the performance of students influence their technical performance and emotional preparedness. The study was carried out on a sample of 162 students who were taking major Electrical Engineering laboratory courses, using quantitative descriptive-correlational design. The structured survey was used as a source of data collection in measuring laboratory anxiety, perceived skill acquisition, and confidence levels. The relationships and predictive factors were also established using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses. Findings showed that the students have a high rate of laboratory anxiety especially on issues of safety and fear of working with electrical equipment. The acquisition of skills was observed to be of moderate level with troubleshooting being the lowest. The levels of confidence were moderate too, and the lowest scores were considered to be on working on live circuits. Notable negative correlation was identified that there is a strong association between the high anxiety and the low skill acquisition (r = -0.63) and low confidence (r = -0.71). The regression analysis revealed that the fear of electrical equipment is the most powerful predictor to both outcomes. The results focus on the necessity of improvement in safety training, scaffold work, and facilitating laboratory conditions.
Dr. Ann Kwamboka Orangi, Joy Moraa
This study investigates the influence of price-based market segmentation on the performance of fashion merchandising outlets in Kenya. The contemporary Kenyan retail sector demands dynamic pricing strategies to capture diverse consumer purchasing power. Using a descriptive-survey design and collecting data from 120 fashion outlet managers, the study finds a strong, positive correlation between the implementation of a multi-tiered price segmentation strategy and enhanced organizational performance, particularly in terms of profitability and market share. The research suggests that strategically aligning price points with perceived customer value is a critical success factor for fashion retailers operating in emerging economies.
Abu Bakar Jaafar, Mohd Ashrof Zaki Yaakob
This review explores innovative approaches in waqf management and development, focusing on enhancing governance and socio-economic sustainability through Islamic social finance tools and technological integration. It analyzes the evolving governance models, stakeholder roles, and financial instruments such as waqf-linked sukuk and crowdfunding, emphasizing their potential to address traditional challenges. The review also discusses the adoption of ICT-based platforms and fintech solutions to improve transparency, stakeholder engagement, and operational efficiency. Empirical data from qualitative and quantitative methods demonstrate that integrating Islamic social finance with digital technologies significantly enhances socio-economic impacts, including poverty alleviation, community welfare, and sustainable land development. The findings suggest that strategic innovations and multi-stakeholder collaborations are vital for transforming waqf into a more effective and sustainable socio-economic instrument, guiding future research and policy directions.
Aiman Elias, Noor irinah Omar, Nur adlin Abu Bakar, Nur insyirah ismail, Tee Zhu Zhao
Fishkeeping is one of the traditional hobbies that remains popular today, involving maintaining various species of fish and beautifying their habitat. This hobby not only provides personal enjoyment but also can attract sustenance, according to the specific beliefs of the Chinese community. Research shows that fishkeeping provides numerous benefits for human well-being, especially for enthusiasts. However, the significant time and effort required to maintain an aquarium, especially its cleanliness, can be challenging for busy individuals. To address this problem, research has been undertaken that focuses
Ahmad Shaarizan Shaarani, Jack Febrian Rusdi, Sazilah Salam, Tuan Zalizam Tuan Muda
The present case study investigated the effects of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) based Flipped Learning Engagement (FLE) model approach on students’ overall achievement and problem-solving ability in an undergraduate computer programming course at Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM). The existence of MOOCs and various new educational technologies offer a new way in designing flipped learning (FL) for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). However, guidelines and analysis of the feasibility of MOOC-based flipped learning are still lacking. Other researchers lacked understanding regarding the effectiveness of using MOOCs and flipped learning especially for teaching technology and engineering-based TVET students. Participants are 72 undergraduates’ students taking Programming Techniques courses from technology and engineering faculties. In this study, a quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed MOOC-based FLE model approach. The results of the independent t-Test showed that TVET based students who followed the MOOC-based FLE model approach demonstrated better achievement as compared to those in the conventional learning group. In addition, the study revealed that TVET students who learned using the MOOC-based FLE model approach had stronger problemsolving abilities than those who learned with the conventional classroom learning approach.
Dafiaghor Charity, Edakpor Eloho
The study examined innovative practices in transcript preparation and their contribution to quality attainment in tertiary institutions in Delta State. It aimed to determine the level of adoption of digital transcript systems among universities, colleges of education, and polytechnics, and to assess their impact on institutional quality and administrative efficiency. Guided by two objectives, two research questions, and two hypotheses, the study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population comprised 304 management and examinations/records staff, from which a sample of 169 respondents (89 from universities, 35 from polytechnics, and 45 from colleges of education) was drawn using the Research Advisors’ Table for representativeness. Data were collected via the validated Innovative Practices in Transcript Preparation and Quality Attainment Questionnaire (IPTPQAQ), rated on a four-point scale. Pilot testing with 30 respondents yielded a Cronbach’s alpha above 0.70, indicating reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) to answer the research questions, while one-way ANOVA tested the hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. Results showed no significant differences among universities, polytechnics, and colleges regarding the extent of adoption (F = 0.201, p = 0.818) or contribution to quality attainment (F = 0.836, p = 0.435), indicating moderate and fairly uniform adoption across institutions. Innovative transcript systems were found to enhance administrative efficiency, accuracy, and overall quality in tertiary education management. The study recommended that institutions invest in reliable ICT infrastructure and digital systems to fully automate transcript processes, provide regular staff training, and enforce ICT policies to sustain competence, transparency, and efficiency in transcript management.
Dafiaghor Charity, Edakpor Eloho
The study examined innovative practices in transcript preparation and their contribution to quality attainment in tertiary institutions in Delta State. It aimed to determine the level of adoption of digital transcript systems among universities, colleges of education, and polytechnics, and to assess their impact on institutional quality and administrative efficiency. Guided by two objectives, two research questions, and two hypotheses, the study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population comprised 304 management and examinations/records staff, from which a sample of 169 respondents (89 from universities, 35 from polytechnics, and 45 from colleges of education) was drawn using the Research Advisors’ Table for representativeness. Data were collected via the validated Innovative Practices in Transcript Preparation and Quality Attainment Questionnaire (IPTPQAQ), rated on a four-point scale. Pilot testing with 30 respondents yielded a Cronbach’s alpha above 0.70, indicating reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) to answer the research questions, while one-way ANOVA tested the hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. Results showed no significant differences among universities, polytechnics, and colleges regarding the extent of adoption (F = 0.201, p = 0.818) or contribution to quality attainment (F = 0.836, p = 0.435), indicating moderate and fairly uniform adoption across institutions. Innovative transcript systems were found to enhance administrative efficiency, accuracy, and overall quality in tertiary education management. The study recommended that institutions invest in reliable ICT infrastructure and digital systems to fully automate transcript processes, provide regular staff training, and enforce ICT policies to sustain competence, transparency, and efficiency in transcript management.
Nor Aidatul Shafiefa binti Abu Seman, Nurazua binti Mohd Yusop
This study examines the use of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles in Malaysia's manufacturing industry, given the absence of defined ESG frameworks and reporting processes. This research aims to assess awareness of ESG factors, implementation strategies, and organisational readiness, with a focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This assessment integrates qualitative methods with quantitative data from questionnaires completed by 75 employees across several industries. The results demonstrate a moderate yet fluctuating degree of awareness regarding ESG issues. Multinational corporations and government-affiliated entities possess superior knowledge and commitment, whereas SMEs face considerable obstacles in terms of capabilities, information, and financial resources. Nonetheless, some organisations have implemented environmental initiatives, social policies, and governance frameworks; however, these efforts are often undertaken without explicit ESG alignment or structured training programs. The study underscores the importance of specialised frameworks, such as Malaysia's National Industry ESG Framework 1.0. It offers context-specific empirical insights into the incorporation of ESG factors within an emerging market. It establishes critical benchmarks for prevailing ESG practices in Malaysia's manufacturing sector, pinpoints substantial capacity gaps, particularly among SMEs constrained by limited capabilities, information access, and financial resources, and delivers actionable recommendations for policymakers and industry stakeholders to bolster organisational readiness. Empirical evidence from 75 surveyed employees reveals moderate and inconsistent ESG awareness, with MNCs and government-linked firms leading while SMEs lag; thus, the study advocates cohesive, sector-specific interventions, including adoption of Malaysia's National Industry ESG Framework 1.0, to standardise reporting, amplify SME participation, and align sustainability with national and global climate imperatives.
Emmanuel Dumbuya, James Saysay Kanu, Mohamed Suffian Kamara
Universities in Sierra Leone play a pivotal role in national development, yet their operations are often hampered by fragile governance environments, administrative inefficiencies, and political interference. This study investigates the systemic pressures confronting these higher education institutions, focusing on leadership vulnerabilities, corruption, and union dynamics. Using documentary analysis of policy reports, institutional records, and media accounts (2010–2024), and applying principles of good governance and institutional theory, findings reveal that institutional leadership is precariously situated, with unresolved tensions often escalating into crises. This situation, though reflecting observable patterns across Sub-Saharan Africa, is exacerbated by Sierra Leone’s post-conflict context and chronic underinvestment. The study confirms that failures of good governance (transparency, accountability) create institutional instability. Key recommendations include strengthening governance frameworks, depoliticizing leadership appointments, implementing digital administrative systems, and empowering staff and student unions as independent accountability actors. Addressing these systemic issues is crucial for enhancing institutional resilience and sustaining higher education's contribution to national transformation.
Joseph H. Deligero
This research addresses the challenges encountered by educators and learners who continue to rely on conventional blackboards that lack essential features such as compartments, drawers, and tool storage. These limitations restrict teachers’ ability to effectively demonstrate procedures and concepts, consequently affecting students’ learning outcomes. To address these challenges, an instructional interactive display with an integrated tool storage module was designed and developed, specifically tailored to support the needs of both teachers and students during practical activities and laboratory sessions. The study involved teachers and students from a university in Davao City, with a total of 30 respondents, comprising 5 teachers/instructors and 25 students. Data were collected through electronic survey questionnaires administered via Google Forms. The primary objective of the project was to develop an instructional interactive display and tool storage module that enhances the teaching learning experience by emphasizing functionality and durability. Findings from the collected data reveal that the developed module significantly improves the instructional process by offering a highly functional and durable solution. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of instructional materials and provides practical insights for improving educational practices.
Mohamad Sufian Hasim, Mohd Zulakhmar Zakiyudin
This review paper synthesizes current knowledge on enhancing the quality of life for elderly residents in nursing homes by addressing physical health, mental well-being, and social support through integrated approaches. Recognizing the growing aging population and associated challenges, the review examines physical interventions such as exercise and rehabilitation, mental health therapies including psychosocial support, and strategies to mitigate social isolation. It highlights the emergent role of technology, including IoT monitoring systems, AI-based emotional support, and virtual nursing home models, alongside the influence of architectural and environmental design on resident well-being. Multidisciplinary care models that combine these elements demonstrate promise for improving holistic elderly care. Despite positive trends, gaps remain in policy, staff training, and technology adoption tailored to demographic needs. The review concludes with recommendations for standardized integrated care models, enhanced interprofessional collaboration, and infrastructure design improvements to promote sustained health and quality of life among nursing home residents.
Ahmad Farid Ibrahim, Azli Fairuz, Khiral Anuar Daud, Siti Nor Fazillah Abdullah
Background: Environmental sustainability in mass religious gatherings has emerged as a critical global concern due to escalating carbon emissions, waste generation, water stress, and ecosystem degradation. The Hajj pilgrimage represents one of the largest annual faith-based mass gatherings, exerting unprecedented pressure on the fragile sacred ecosystem of Makkah and its surrounding holy sites. Methods: This study employs a qualitative document analysis and policy analysis approach using classical Islamic legal texts, sustainability governance literature, and official Green Hajj policy documents issued by the Saudi authorities. Results: The findings demonstrate that major Islamic legal maxims, particularly al-ḍarar yuzāl (harm must be eliminated), al-mashaqqah tajlib al-taysīr (hardship begets facilitation), taṣarruf al-imām manūṭ bi al-maṣlaḥah (public authority is bound by public interest), and al-ʿādah muḥakkamah (custom is authoritative), are explicitly embedded within contemporary Hajj sustainability governance mechanisms. Implications: The integration of faith-based legal maxims into environmental governance enhances regulatory compliance, ethical internalisation, and long-term ecological resilience in sacred mass gatherings. Conclusions: Islamic legal maxims provide a robust normative–operational framework for environmental sustainability governance that is transferable beyond the Hajj context to other large-scale religious and cultural events.
Mr. Jeesan Danish Khan
This research examines the integration of principles from the Indian Knowledge Tradition (IKT), specifically the Panchakosha model, into contemporary physical education and wellbeing practices. The study is motivated by the limitations of modern education systems, which often prioritize academic achievement over holistic development, thereby neglecting physical vitality, emotional balance, and spiritual fulfillment. The primary objective is to critically explore how the five sheaths of the Panchakosha—Annamaya (physical), Pranamaya (vital energy), Manomaya (mental), Vijnanamaya (intellectual), and Anandamaya (bliss)—can provide a comprehensive framework to enrich modern pedagogical approaches. The research employs an interdisciplinary methodology, drawing from education, psychology, philosophy, and Ayurveda to conduct a theoretical analysis of the Panchakosha framework and its intersections with empirical studies in physical education and wellbeing. The results demonstrate a profound alignment: Annamaya Kosha is nurtured through physical fitness and nutrition; Pranamaya through breathwork and mindful movement; Manomaya through emotional regulation and stress reduction; Vijnanamaya through scientific understanding and critical thinking; and Anandamaya through joyful movement and community connection. The study concludes that the Panchakosha model offers a robust, holistic paradigm for education. By integrating this ancient wisdom with modern empirical evidence, the paper proposes practical strategies for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers to foster the comprehensive development of individuals. This approach cultivates not only cognitive skills but also physical health, emotional resilience, and inner stability, ultimately equipping learners to excel in all dimensions of life and contribute to more thriving, cohesive communities.
Yap Jin Hin, Yu Peilu
This research investigates Runqiang (润腔) techniques from Chinese folk singing with Bel canto vocal principles in the performance of selected Chinese coloratura vocal works. While existing studies often focus on technical demonstrations or descriptive analyses of individual compositions, few address the systematic fusion of these two vocal traditions from the perspective of performance practice. Using a practice-based research (PBR) methodology, this research positions artistic practice as base and source of inquiry, enabling a continuous cycle of performance, reflection, and refinement. The research first examines the ornamental, timbrel, and expressive functions of Runqiang. It then explores key Bel canto techniques. Through applied practice on two representative Chinese coloratura vocal works, the research demonstrates how the integration of Runqiang with Bel canto techniques enhance technical fluency, enrich vocal color, and preserve the cultural identity of Chinese folk expression within coloratura vocal works. The findings reveal that this hybrid approach not only resolves performance challenges inherent in contemporary Chinese coloratura repertoire but also contributes to a more systematic method for interpreting these vocal works with in Chinese folk material. Ultimately, the research proposes an intercultural performance model that balances technical virtuosity with cultural authenticity, offering valuable implications for modern vocal pedagogy and Chinese vocal art development.
Sarinrat Eiamworawuttikul
This documentary study investigates the philosophical traditions that have shaped modern educational thought and examines how these traditions inform the design and practice of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) in Basic English instruction. OBE, a learner-centered paradigm emphasizing articulated learning outcomes and performance-based assessment, has become a central model for reform across global education systems. By reviewing international scholarship, this paper analyzes the theoretical foundations that position OBE within broader epistemological, pedagogical, and ethical debates and considers how these foundations translate into the teaching of English as a foreign language. The synthesis indicates that OBE fosters transparency, coherence, and learner autonomy while also presenting difficulties related to assessment design, teacher preparation, and contextual adaptation. The study argues that OBE represents not merely a technical framework but a philosophically grounded approach that aligns with the communicative goals of Basic English learning, provided its implementation is supported by reflective practice and localized pedagogical sensitivity.
Archie A. Perpetua, Daryl C. Nerva, Fiona Rose V. Nablo, Honeylyn A. Sandagon, Judith D. Sayno, Ria P. Relatores
The rapid advancement of educational technology had led to the increasing integration of digital television as an instructional tool in classroom settings. This study aims to explore students’ learning experiences, challenges, and strategies in integrating digital television into classroom instruction. Employing a descriptive-quantitative research design, the study consist of students from the College of Education at Central Bicol State University of Agriculture. A 30-item survey questionnaire, with high reliability (Cronbach's alpha > 0.97), was used to collect data on learning experiences, challenges, and strategies. The data were analyzed using weighted mean and ranking technique. Results revealed that students generally had positive learning experiences with digital television, particularly in terms of enhanced attention, visualization of lessons, and overall engagement. Challenges were experienced occasionally, with limited access to digital television in some classroom and technical issues emerging as the most common concerns. Students frequently employed adaptive learning strategies such as note-taking, maintaining focus, and staying positive during instructional challenges. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant and strong positive relationship between learning experiences and strategies, while challenges had minimal influence on learning experiences and a weak relationship with strategy use. The findings suggest that digital television is an effective instructional tool when supported by appropriate infrastructure and students’ active learning strategies. These results highlight the importance of strategic implementation of digital television to enhance teaching and learning in higher education.
Mohd Faizal Abdollah, Noor Syahirah Abdullah, Nurhashikin Mohd Salleh, Siti Rahayu Selamat
The rise of connected devices over the internet has led to an increase in attacks on users, compromising their information exchange and revealing sensitive data. Modern cyber threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated and severe, taking advantage of security vulnerabilities in interconnected systems. With the growing complexity of cyber threats, effective threat detection systems are essential for maintaining network security. To improve the detection of various attack types and provide real- time warnings via Telegram, this project focuses on integrating Wazuh which is a security information and event management (SIEM) platform, with Suricata, a powerful network intrusion detection and prevention system (IDS/IPS). By offering a complete solution for log management and multi-attack detection, the integration seeks to strengthen an organization's entire security posture. From system analysis and design to implementation and testing, the process adheres to the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). To evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated system, several attack simulations were carried out, including DoS attacks (ICMP Ping and SYN flood), FTP brute-force attacks, and port-scanning activities. The system successfully detected all these attacks. This study highlights the strengths and limitations of integrating Wazuh with Suricata, providing valuable insights for future research aimed at developing more robust intrusion detection systems.
Kausilyah Chandran, Khairul Anuar Mohd Ali, Maryam Jamilah Ashaari
The analysis is focused on three aims: first, analyzing publishing trends and geographical representation, detecting emerging themes, and questioning the intellectual structure and future of the field. Using a bibliometric method, the study retrieved and analyzed 142 papers in the Scopus database with the support of VOS viewer and BiblioMagika. The results indicate that there has been a growing academic interest in GHRM and ESE, especially since 2020. The Asian countries, especially Pakistan, Malaysia, and China, have made noticeable contributions. Two main thematic groups were identified: one of the strategic constructs, sustainability, corporate social responsibility, and innovation, and the other of the psychological constructs, green behavior, self-efficacy, and human resource practices. The discussion explains why ESE is a crucial psychological process in GHRM that links HR policies and sustainable employee conduct. The implications of the study's findings are theoretically synthesized, enhancing GHRM and the ESE models by creating sustainability-based labor structures. The study can guide managers in developing GHRM interventions that will foster pro-environmental cultures. Overall, the study contributes to conceptual clarity by combining behavioral science with organizational sustainability, which implies a conscious shift toward employee-centric environmental change.
Halimi Poniran, Rosita Husain, Rosmawati Mahfar, Sakinah Mohamed Tajularifin, Zulkiflee Abd Rahim
This study addresses a critical accountability gap in contemporary sustainability reporting by empirically examining the internal psychological factors that can serve as reliable leading Non-Financial Indicators (NFIs) for predicting Pro-Environmental Behaviour (PEB). Currently, institutional sustainability practices suffer from an over-reliance on lagging, retrospective output indicators that inherently fail to provide the predictive, timely, and actionable insights crucial for effective institutional governance and proactive policy intervention. Therefore, this research empirically validates whether internal psychological elements, categorised as normative, value-based, and cognitive drivers, can serve as reliable leading NFIs for PEB among students in Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) in Malaysia. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted, collecting data from 338 university students using stratified sampling. The analysis employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), and the results revealed a critical dual challenge for behavioural governance. Personal Norms emerged as the most significant positive driver of PEB, confirming that intrinsic moral commitment is the primary control mechanism. Conversely, Social Norms exhibited a significant negative influence, indicating that PEB is currently perceived as a cultural barrier or outlier behaviour subject to peer disapproval. Other measured drivers, including General Values, Attitude toward PEB, and Environmental Awareness, were found to be statistically weak or insignificant predictors. This research provides a crucial methodological contribution by substantiating these internal psychological elements as measurable, forward-looking NFIs. The findings recommend a strategic shift for HLIs, prioritising high-impact Moral Reinforcement interventions to strengthen Personal Norms over traditionally ineffective, awareness-based campaigns. The study’s core proposition is the formal inclusion of validated NFIs into governance dashboards, thereby enhancing the credibility and predictive capability of sustainability and ESG performance reporting. Furthermore, this study offers valuable insights for policymakers seeking to operationalise behavioural indicators within broader environmental governance systems.
Azah Kamilah Muda, Choo Yun Huoy, Noor Azilah Muda
This study investigates the application of a modified Negative Selection Algorithm (NSA), derived from principles of the human immune system, to enhance music genre classification. NSA’s threshold-based similarity matching mechanism plays a pivotal role in distinguishing genre-specific patterns, yet its optimization remains underexplored in music information retrieval. The proposed framework integrates censoring and monitoring modules to refine classification boundaries and reduce misclassification rates. It focuses on three core musical attributes: timbre, rhythm, and pitch, extracted from vocal, melodic, and instrumental elements. These features undergo systematic extraction, selection, and categorization to improve genre identification and labelling accuracy. Experimental results across diverse threshold settings demonstrate that the modified NSA achieves competitive performance compared to conventional classification models. The findings highlight NSA’s adaptability and robustness in handling genre variability, especially in cross-domain music datasets. Beyond technical contributions, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding musical features that define genre identity. By offering a biologically inspired, threshold-sensitive model, the research contributes to the development of intelligent, interpretable systems for multimedia classification. The approach supports more accurate music categorization, which has implications for recommendation systems, digital archiving, and cross-cultural music analysis. This work bridges computational intelligence and music analysis, offering a novel perspective on immune-inspired learning for content classification. It reinforces the potential of NSA as a practical and scalable tool for genre recognition in diverse musical contexts.
Che Nur Afiqah binti Mohammad, Mohammad Zulfakhairi bin Mokhtar, Nur Aulia Fahada binti Misaridin, Nur Azreen binti Othman
Online affiliate marketing involves compensating third parties to promote a retailer's products and services, with the goal of increasing traffic and sales. Despite the number of affiliate marketing increasingly used by brands year by year, the number of studies on affiliate marketing from consumer purchase decision is still lacking. Therefore, this study intends to investigates how TikTok Affiliate Marketing affects customer purchasing decision and it is focusing in Malaysia. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, which was then thematically analysed. Four major themes emerged: i) credibility and relational trust, ii) content value and information quality, iii) platform-driven engagement and personalisation, and iv) technical comfort and perceived ease of use. The findings indicate that TikTok's seamless integration of short-form video content with e-commerce capability promotes both rational and emotional engagement, hence increasing customer trust and buy intent. The result also emphasises the success of affiliate-influencer methods in establishing social proof and emotional resonance, bolstering TikTok's position as a strong platform for affecting digital consumer behaviour. These findings add to the increasing research on social commerce and have practical implications for marketers looking to use TikTok's affiliate network.
Nur Syafiqah Yaccob, Patricia George
In an ESL class, teaching grammar involves demonstrating and practicing the language’s rules systematically, enabling learners to use the language correctly and communicate effectively as second-language speakers. This study aimed to explore ESL teachers’ and students’ perceptions of grammar instruction in an international school setting. The participants were six ESL teachers and 27 secondary students. A qualitative case study approach was used to examine how grammar is perceived, the strategies used to teach and learn it, and the challenges encountered in the classroom. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed five integrated themes for both teachers and students: (1) grammar as a foundation for communication, (2) grammar teaching and learning strategies, (3) engagement, motivation, and emotional responses to grammar learning, (4) challenges in grammar instruction and learning, and (5) learner autonomy in grammar learning. Results suggest that both teachers and students regard grammar as essential for language proficiency, and that interactive, contextualised, and student-centred approaches foster motivation, engagement, and independent learning in grammar instruction.
Mulenga Chikalipa, Yasmin Sultana-Muchindu
Substance abuse among university students is a growing concern globally, impacting academic performance and overall well-being. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and factors contributing to substance use among Medical and Business students at a selected University in Zambia. Previous studies highlight the significant influence of peer pressure, stress, and curiosity on students' substance use. Additionally, research conducted in Nigeria and Zambia underscores the negative outcomes associated with substance abuse, including social disturbances, poor academic performance, and health issues. By understanding these factors, appropriate interventions can be developed to promote healthy learning environments and student well-being. The main objective of the research study will be to investigate the prevalence and causes of substance use among medical and business students at the selected university in Zambia. The study investigates substance use prevalence and causes among Medical and Business students at the selected university in Zambia. Employing a qualitative approach, data will be collected using structured interviews and cross-sectional surveys. A sample of 288 students will be selected using stratified random sampling. Data analysis will involve descriptive statistics and frequency tables, conducted using SPSS software. Ethical considerations include obtaining informed consent, ensuring confidentiality, and adhering to institutional guidelines. The study surveyed 288 students at the the selected university in Zambia, revealing a high prevalence of substance use among Medical and Business students. 86.8% reported using substances such as caffeine (41.3%) and over-the-counter medications (24.3%) to enhance cognitive function. Academic pressure (60.4%) and peer pressure (29.2%) were the main reasons cited for substance use. Most students (70.1%) believed substance use had a negative impact on academic performance. The specific goals of this study, which were to identify the types, prevalence, and causes of substance use among the student’s pursuing business and medicine, were successfully met. The results show that 86.8% of participants reported using drugs, a statistic largely driven by peer pressure (29.2%) and academic pressure (60.4%). The most often used substances were over-the-counter medications (24.3%) and caffeine (41.3%), indicating a preference for easily accessible and lawful options for improving cognitive function.
Edmore Mashungu, Herbert Tichaona Mareya, Joyce Mudzamiri, Reason Gobvu
This paper examined the phenomenon of white student attrition from Zimbabwe’s educational system as a critical lens for understanding the politics of belonging in a post-colonial state. Moving beyond economic explanations for white emigration, this qualitative study investigated the micro-dynamics within schools that influenced the decisions of white families to withdraw their children. It drew on in-depth interviews with parents, students, and educators, the paper argued that attrition is not merely a demographic trend but a symptomatic response to a contested national identity. Findings revealed that the formal curriculum, daily social interactions, and institutional culture created an environment where white students often occupied a liminal space—physically present but socially and symbolically peripheral. This paper concluded that the attrition of white students reflected broader, unresolved tensions in Zimbabwe’s nation-building project, raising critical questions about the inclusivity of national institutions and the possibility of a genuinely multicultural citizenship.
Chia, S.L, Ho, Y.H, Lee, Z.L, Ramlee, N.E.S, Rosdi, F.N, Thong, C.F.
This paper presents the design and development of an IoT-based smart aeroponics vertical farming system intended to improve plant growth efficiency through continuous microclimate monitoring, automation, and optimized water–nutrient delivery. The system integrates Arduino Uno as the main controller with sensors including a light-dependent resistor (LDR), DHT11 temperature–humidity sensor, ultrasonic water-level sensor, and electromechanical actuators such as a water pump and solenoid valve. IoT connectivity is enabled through the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, interfacing with the Blynk platform for real-time monitoring, data logging, and remote operation. The vertical tower design incorporates a multi-layered aeroponic structure allowing 7 plants per column while minimizing land usage, water consumption, and human intervention. Hardware development includes fabrication of the aeroponic tower, nutrient delivery system, and automated water-refill mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate effective luminance-based irrigation control, humidity–temperature notifications, autonomous water-level regulation, and successful plant growth over a 7-day trial using green beans. The system achieved reliable environmental sensing, responsive actuation, and stable communication with the IoT server. The findings highlight the potential of low-cost IoT-enabled aeroponics as a sustainable agricultural approach for urban environments. Recommendations for system enhancement and scalability are also discussed.
Ailene Pajarito, Aurelio C. Juson Jr, Elaiza Mae B. Hernandez, Kaye E. Pajarito, Nestle Jane Grace S. Dionisio, Niña Marie G. Andres, Rhona Mae S. Fedencio
This study examines the impact of financial knowledge and the factors under the Theory of Planned Behavior—namely, subjective norms, attitude, and perceived behavioral control—on the investment intention of MSME food business owners located in Bocaue, Bulacan. A total of 169 MSME food business owners were surveyed using both printed questionnaires and Google Forms. Employing a correlational research design, the researchers examined how the investment intentions of food business owners are shaped by their financial knowledge, social influences, attitudes toward investment, and perceived ability to manage investments. By applying Mediation Analysis, the results revealed that financial knowledge has a significant impact on subjective norms, attitude, and perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, the path from the three predictors of TPB to investment intention shows that subjective norms and attitude have a positively influence investment intention, while perceived behavioral control does not. Finally, TPB as a mediating variable between financial knowledge and investment intention shows that subjective norms and attitude significantly mediate the impact of financial knowledge on investment intention, while perceived behavioral control did not significantly mediate this relationship
Dr. Jimboy B. Pagalilauan
The Jim’s Integrated Language Development (JILaD) Framework is an innovative model that explains how language competence develops through a dynamic, cyclical, and adaptive process. Unlike traditional frameworks that isolate linguistic elements or emphasize only cognitive or environmental factors, JILaD integrates linguistic input, cognitive processing, communicative output, and sociocultural adaptation into a unified theory. Designed for the realities of 21st-century communication including multilingual settings, digital technologies, and AI-mediated interactions. The framework presents a holistic and future-oriented approach to understanding language learning, performance, and evolution.
Anhar Nasution, Derry Nurly, Iqbal
Engineering is the activity of using science and technology to advance civilization and improve the welfare of mankind as mandated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Efforts to advance civilization and improve the welfare of mankind are achieved through the implementation of reliable and professional engineering that is able to increase added value, usefulness and results, provide protection to the community, and realize sustainable development that is environmentally friendly. The implementation of engineering requires increasing the mastery and development of science and technology through education, sustainable professional development and research. Accelerating the increase in the number of engineers in line with advanced technological countries, increasing interest in engineering education, and improving the quality of professional engineers. Currently, there is no integrated regulation regarding the implementation of engineering that can provide legal protection and certainty for engineers, engineering users, and engineering users. Every Engineer who will carry out Engineering Practice in Indonesia must have an Engineer Registration Certificate as mandated by Law no. 11 of 2014.
Basil Ogbu, Eunice Osuala, Florence Mandah, Glory Conelius, Justin Ngwu, Rosemary Chisom Osuala
Global statistics from Pubmed suggests that young adults remain a significant but under-recognized population with Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). A systematic review found bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB prevalence ranging from 45 to 799 per 100,000 among adolescents and young adults in Asia-Pacific, and 160 to 462 per 100,000 in African settings. Snow, K. J., etal 2018). Globally, it is estimated that between 1.2 and 3.0 million people aged 10–24 years develop TB each year. This highlights the fact that young adult’s age bracket accounts for a substantial portion of the global Tuberclosis (TB) burden.
Catherine Jeptui Rotich, Dr. Zipporah Gichuhi
Tacit knowledge retention practice is vital to organizational success globally, regionally and locally. It enhances institutional memory, improves problem solving, initiates innovation, collaboration leading to teamwork, and long-term adaptability. Since tacit knowledge is shared through mentorship, observation, storytelling, socialization and forums, then it should be strategically captured before employees exit with their expertise. Against this background, the study on knowledge management practices’ influences on tacit knowledge retention in the Department of Immigration and Citizen Services, Nairobi City County was done. The study focused on knowledge capture and incentives and reward structures. It was anchored on the SECI model and employed a mixed-method approach using an explanatory research design. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from a target population of 504 staff across Human Resource, Library and Registry sections. Stratified, simple random, and purposive sampling techniques were applied, with a 30% sample yielding 152 respondents and six interviewees. Data collection tools included questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The findings revealed that tacit knowledge capture (72.7%) and incentive and reward use (73%) were main activities practiced to retain tacit knowledge in the department of Immigration. The study concluded that strong knowledge capture systems, effective HR strategies, and well-designed incentive structures significantly promote tacit knowledge retention, though weaknesses in knowledge-sharing mechanisms remain. It recommended strengthening capture methods, adopting robust incentive programs and fostering a strong knowledge-sharing culture to improve tacit knowledge retention within the department of Immigration and Citizen Services Nairobi City County.
Jefferson A. Pedida, Leizl Joy A. Alzate, Ma. Theresa L. Eustaquio, Rizza Mae C. Lopez
The expression of certainty and doubt is crucial in academic writing. Writers and readers must be able to distinguish between subjective evaluation and objective information presented in academic texts. Hedges and boosters primarily serve this function. Despite the evident importance of these devices, there are no apparent studies that measure students’ proficiency in using them. Therefore, this study investigates the proficiency level of students regarding hedges and boosters and examines the two most common grammatical classifications within these features. It further analyzes how students epistemically express their degree of doubt and certainty in their argumentative essays. A corpus of 50 argumentative essays written by students majoring in English Language Studies at a state university in the northern Philippines was analyzed. Overall, the findings suggest that the general proficiency level of the students is in the developing stage, and epistemic modal verbs occur most frequently across all proficiency levels in both classifications of hedges and boosters.
Genesis Z. Tayanes, Teresita C. Hermocilla-Borres
Persistent concerns about Filipino students’ grammatical accuracy remain evident despite the Philippines’ long-standing exposure to English and its consistently high ranking in global proficiency indexes, which underscores the need to identify factors that shape grammar performance among tertiary learners. This study examined how learner autonomy and attitudes toward Philippine English relate to and predict the grammar performance of ESL students enrolled in a local college in Misamis Oriental. Using a descriptive–correlational predictive design and employing validated autonomy and attitude scales alongside a grammar test patterned after the Oxford Quick Placement Test, the study found that students demonstrated high autonomy and positive attitudes across all dimensions, yet their grammar performance remained at the B1 Intermediate level. Correlation results revealed that only Decision Making in Learning was significantly associated with grammar performance, and regression analysis confirmed it as the sole significant predictor, indicating that strategic learning behaviors exert greater influence on grammatical accuracy than general autonomy or attitudinal orientations. The findings emphasize the need to strengthen explicit grammar instruction and promote strategic decision-making skills within the local college context, where learners balance academic demands with varied linguistic backgrounds. These results provide important insights for curriculum design, teacher training, and future research on cognitive and sociolinguistic influences on ESL grammar development.
Joanne Nabwire Lyanda
Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the educational landscape by turning traditional classrooms into interactive, flexible, and personalised learning settings. This meta-analysis examines the incorporation of AI in education, highlighting its impact on learning environment and learning outcomes. It examines how AI technologies, via personalized learning pathways, smart tutoring systems, and immediate feedback, assist educators in delivering instruction suited to students’ unique needs, preferences, and learning styles. Using environmental and pedagogical frameworks, the study explores the diverse effects of AI on essential aspects of the learning environment such as cognitive, emotional, physical, psychosocial and educational aspects. It shows that AI-powered tools enhance engagement and motivation while fostering equity and inclusion by adapting to different learner abilities. The study also shows how AI facilitates the simplification of administrative responsibilities like grading and data management, allowing teachers to focus on more significant student interactions throughout the learning process. There is a significant relationship between AI-powered learning settings and better educational results, underpinned by theoretical perspectives from Bandura’s social cognitive theory. As students’ behaviours and interactions with AI change, so do the results of their educational experiences. Novelty and innovations are essential for sustaining learner engagement when utilizing AI. The use of AI in education enables a transition from content-focused teaching to student-centred learning, resulting in more engaging, efficient and inclusive educational experiences. Educators are advised to adopt new technologies such as AI, AR and VR to address the requirements of 21st century students and enhance learning outcomes in an evolving learning environment.
Froremie T. Montecillo, MALE, Gladys S. Escarlos, Hananena B. De Los Santos, MALE
The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions in education, resulting in severe learning losses among Filipino learners, especially in foundational literacy and numeracy skills. In response, the Department of Education (DepEd) launched the Academic Recovery and Accessible Learning (ARAL) Program to bridge learning gaps and accelerate academic recovery nationwide. However, the success of such a large-scale initiative depends on effective leadership and collaboration at all school levels. This review examines the implementation of the ARAL Program through the lens of Distributed Leadership Theory, which emphasizes shared responsibility, collective agency, and contextual adaptability among multiple actors—school heads, teacher-leaders, tutors, parents, and local government units (LGUs). Drawing on recent literature and policy reports, the paper argues that distributed leadership fosters stronger ownership, adaptability, and sustainability in learning recovery efforts. When leadership is shared and collaborative, ARAL becomes not only a remedial intervention but a community-driven movement that empowers schools to respond effectively to learners’ diverse needs.
Janet D. Caber, Nica O. Salentes
This study explored the lived experiences of Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) Senior High School (SHS) graduates who pursued engineering programs at Samar State University. Anchored in a transcendental phenomenological design, the research employed in-depth interviews with purposively selected participants from public SHSs in the Schools Division of Samar. Colaizzi’s method guided the data analysis, ensuring rigor through transcription, coding, theme clustering, and validation via member checking. Six major themes emerged: (1) factors influencing the choice of the TVL track, (2) motivations for enrolling in engineering, (3) shifts in understanding of engineering before and after enrollment, (4) meaningful learning experiences, (5) emotional responses to coursework, and (6) alignment or mismatch between SHS preparation and college engineering demands. Findings revealed that while the TVL track offered practical training and immediate employability, it provided limited grounding in mathematics and science—critical competencies in engineering education. Despite this gap, students exhibited resilience, resourcefulness, and growth, drawing strength from personal motivation, peer networks, and institutional support systems. Their narratives underscored both the challenges of transitioning from skillbased training to theory-intensive coursework and the fulfillment derived from overcoming such hurdles. The study concludes that TVL preparation remains misaligned with the theoretical rigor of engineering programs and recommends a strengthened career guidance system, enhanced alignment of SHS tracks with higher education, and multisectoral collaboration to inform policy and practice. By amplifying the voices of rural learners, this research contributes to ongoing discourse on educational reforms and the pursuit of equitable, responsive pathways to higher education.
Nasarudin Abdul Rahman, Robiaaton Adawiyah Safri
This study examines the global scholarly landscape on the legal aspects of antitrust law by conducting a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to understand the evolution, intellectual structure and contemporary research directions within this field. Although antitrust law has long been central to market regulation and economic governance, the rapid expansion of digital markets, emerging enforcement challenges and increasing cross-border legal complexities have created a need for systematic mapping of academic contributions to identify dominant themes, research gaps and influential jurisdictions. To address this problem, the present study utilised a multi-stage methodology integrating several digital research tools. Data were retrieved using Scopus advanced searching, producing a final dataset of 885 documents after applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical patterns and graphical trends were generated through the Scopus Analyzer, enabling examination of publication growth, leading countries, institutions, sources and citation performance. OpenRefine was employed to clean, standardise and harmonise the dataset, particularly for resolving inconsistencies in author names, keywords and country affiliations. Subsequently, VOSviewer software was used to construct visualisations through co-authorship, co-occurrence and citation-network mapping to uncover thematic clusters and collaboration structures. The results reveal significant growth in antitrust-related legal scholarship between 2005 and 2025, with the United States and several European jurisdictions dominating output and influence. Keyword networks identify four major thematic clusters: core legal doctrines of competition law, anti-competitive conduct and market power, digital-platform regulation and jurisdiction-specific enforcement frameworks. Overall, the findings highlight a dynamic and increasingly diversified research landscape, underscoring the evolving interplay between law, economics and digital regulation. This study contributes a structured evidence base that supports future research directions and helps scholars, policymakers, and practitioners understand where antitrust law scholarship is advancing and where further exploration is needed.
Nooramira Ghazali, Nurul Farhana Azmi, Nurul Najibah Zainal, Siti Aisyah Sabri, Wan Mohd Khairul Firdaus Wan Khairuldin
Financial inclusion and resilient livelihoods have gained policy prominence in Malaysia due to persistent MSME credit gaps and the limits of consumptive aid. Yet a clear comparative legal mapping of zakat-based microfinancing against international guidance remains limited, creating uncertainty over enforceable beneficiary protections. This study aims to assess how Malaysian laws align with global microfinance norms and contemporary Islamic finance standards, identify regulatory gaps and propose a harmonised model. Using a critical comparative legal analysis, it reviews shariah governance standards, state zakat enactments and guidelines, national policy documents, and international frameworks on inclusive finance. Findings indicate progressive institutionalisation of productive zakat through asset grants and revolving qard al-hasan, and growing integration of entrepreneurship support such as training, mentoring, and asset provision. Nonetheless, interstate fragmentation, ambiguity over tamlik versus use rights, weak enforcement, uneven monitoring and impact evaluation, and limited stakeholder participation persist. The study contributes a consolidated map of Malaysia’s evolving regulatory landscape and a model framework that clarifies shariah governance, standardises disclosures, and strengthens beneficiary safeguards. Future recommendations include interstate harmonisation, interoperable data and impact reporting, and structured partnerships with Islamic finance providers and SME agencies, alongside empirical evaluations of program effectiveness.
Muhammad Hasyim Maulana, Sodikin Sodikin
Legal protection for e-commerce consumers in the event of personal data leaks is crucial, as this data not only relates to individual privacy rights but also impacts aspects of state sovereignty. This study aims to analyze such legal protection, focusing on the implementation of Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection. The research addresses two main issues: first, the legal responsibilities of e-commerce businesses concerning personal data leaks, exemplified by the Tokopedia case in 2020; and second, the legal challenges associated with cross-border data transfers, which serve as the basis for a judicial review request to the Constitutional Court. The study employs a normative juridical method to examine the alignment of national legal norms with digital data management practices and the developments in international law. The findings indicate that while Law Number 27 of 2022 has strengthened the national legal framework, there are still gaps in supervision, law enforcement, and mechanisms for transferring data to foreign entities. This research aims to provide recommendations for the government, regulatory agencies, and businesses to enhance Indonesia's digital sovereignty and ensure the protection of consumer privacy rights.
Aminah Nur Nik Mohd Noor, Nooramira Ghazali, Nurul Farhana Azmi, Nurul Najibah Zainal, Siti Aisyah Sabri, Wan Mohd Khairul Firdaus Wan Khairuldin
Productive zakat has emerged as a strategic tool in Malaysia for promoting economic independence and poverty alleviation, particularly through the empowerment of entrepreneurs among eligible zakat recipients (asnaf). In addressing persistent socio-economic inequalities, this study examines the design and implementation of Malaysia’s legal regulations on productive zakat to support entrepreneurial growth, with comparisons to regulatory approaches in other Muslim majority countries. Using a critical and comparative legal analysis, the study reviews key principles of Islamic jurisprudence alongside relevant statutory provisions and evaluates the alignment of Malaysia’s regulatory framework with the objectives of maqasid al-shariah in fostering self-reliance and sustainable livelihoods. The findings indicate that Malaysia has introduced progressive legal measures and structured productive zakat programs that provide capital, equipment, and training to asnaf entrepreneurs to enhance their business capacity and reduce long-term dependency. Zakat institutions have incorporated entrepreneurship development strategies into their operational frameworks, reflecting a commitment to socio-economic transformation. Despite these advancements, the study identifies gaps in legal uniformity, enforcement mechanisms, and comprehensive monitoring of entrepreneurial outcomes. To address these issues, the study recommends refining zakat regulations to ensure greater transparency and accountability, strengthening inter-agency collaboration, and embedding mechanisms for active participation of asnaf entrepreneurs in program design and evaluation. This research contributes to the discourse on Islamic economic law by offering a legal analysis of Malaysia’s productive zakat regulations and proposing enforceable and inclusive approaches to empowering entrepreneurs.
Erdenebold Tsegmid, Jargalsaikhan Bazarsad, Oyunbayar Garamdorj
Each year, the majority of individuals released from correctional institutions on legally prescribed grounds are released on the basis of early release. Since early release from imprisonment produces both positive and negative social effects, it has been considered necessary to study this issue, which is why this topic was selected. The institution of early release from imprisonment was first codified in the French Criminal Code in 1855, and because most countries in the world have incorporated it into their criminal legislation, it may be regarded as a universally recognized legal institution. The institution of early release is grounded in the principle of humanity, reflecting the idea that once the objectives of punishment have been achieved prior to the full expiry of the sentence, continuing the imprisonment is no longer necessary. The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules, 2015) provide that “...before the release of a prisoner, measures shall be taken to ensure his or her gradual reintegration into society.” In pursuit of this objective, the Rules emphasize that “individual characteristics of each prisoner shall be taken into account; special regimes and conditions shall be established for prisoners who have been released or are close to release; and a period of supervision after release may be imposed, during which supervision shall not be exercised by the police but shall involve the provision of social welfare services and assistance...”¹ The central substance of this standard under the Mandela Rules is probationary supervision, under which individuals released from correctional institutions and undergoing reintegration into society are provided with social welfare services, psychological assistance, and other forms of support. There are two essential grounds for applying the institution of early release from imprisonment: Material ground — the objectives of punishment have been fulfilled; Temporal ground — the offender has served a specified portion of the sentence. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, many countries abolished forms of punishment involving torture and, in some jurisdictions, completely abolished the death penalty by removing it from their criminal codes. In its place, most jurisdictions began to apply early release from imprisonment more widely. This development enabled courts to impose more humane forms of punishment, and the humanitarian principle came to be expressed through the mechanism of early release. In foreign countries, the most common form of early release is release under supervision, meaning that the released individual remains subject to oversight. The essence of this system is that the prisoner is released before the full expiry of the sentence but is placed under supervision during the period of regained liberty. In most Western and Eastern European countries, prisoners are permitted to apply for supervised release after serving a portion of their sentence. A shared feature among these countries is the existence of strict mechanisms governing both the supervision of individuals released early and the work of the officers responsible for supervision at all stages. These stages include consideration of the early-release application, the supervision phase, and the provision of post-release assistance.
Erdenebold Tsegmid, Jargalsaikhan Bazarsad, Oyunbayar Garamdorj
Each year, the majority of individuals released from correctional institutions on legally prescribed grounds are released on the basis of early release. Since early release from imprisonment produces both positive and negative social effects, it has been considered necessary to study this issue, which is why this topic was selected. The institution of early release from imprisonment was first codified in the French Criminal Code in 1855, and because most countries in the world have incorporated it into their criminal legislation, it may be regarded as a universally recognized legal institution. The institution of early release is grounded in the principle of humanity, reflecting the idea that once the objectives of punishment have been achieved prior to the full expiry of the sentence, continuing the imprisonment is no longer necessary. The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules, 2015) provide that “...before the release of a prisoner, measures shall be taken to ensure his or her gradual reintegration into society.” In pursuit of this objective, the Rules emphasize that “individual characteristics of each prisoner shall be taken into account; special regimes and conditions shall be established for prisoners who have been released or are close to release; and a period of supervision after release may be imposed, during which supervision shall not be exercised by the police but shall involve the provision of social welfare services and assistance...”¹ The central substance of this standard under the Mandela Rules is probationary supervision, under which individuals released from correctional institutions and undergoing reintegration into society are provided with social welfare services, psychological assistance, and other forms of support. There are two essential grounds for applying the institution of early release from imprisonment: Material ground — the objectives of punishment have been fulfilled; Temporal ground — the offender has served a specified portion of the sentence. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, many countries abolished forms of punishment involving torture and, in some jurisdictions, completely abolished the death penalty by removing it from their criminal codes. In its place, most jurisdictions began to apply early release from imprisonment more widely. This development enabled courts to impose more humane forms of punishment, and the humanitarian principle came to be expressed through the mechanism of early release. In foreign countries, the most common form of early release is release under supervision, meaning that the released individual remains subject to oversight. The essence of this system is that the prisoner is released before the full expiry of the sentence but is placed under supervision during the period of regained liberty. In most Western and Eastern European countries, prisoners are permitted to apply for supervised release after serving a portion of their sentence. A shared feature among these countries is the existence of strict mechanisms governing both the supervision of individuals released early and the work of the officers responsible for supervision at all stages. These stages include consideration of the early-release application, the supervision phase, and the provision of post-release assistance.
Abdul Syukor Mohamad Jaya, Fitrah Rumaisa, Halizah Basiron, Teh Xiao Thong
Summarizing lengthy documents, especially in the legal domain, posed significant challenges for humans and automated systems. Human efforts entailed considerable time and effort, while automated systems sometimes faltered in decision-making, leading to ambiguity in the generated summaries. This research explored the use of text summarization in legal documentation coupled with an explainability feature. It addressed the challenges of condensing lengthy legal texts and improving automated summarization systems' transparency. The research involved gathering legal documents, developing a Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers (BART) summarization model, and integrating explainability within the system, visualizing the attention mechanism. The system performance, which included BERT Score, cosine similarity, and Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) score between human-generated and system-generated summaries, and evaluation by target users, led to several engaging insights on legal summarization. The model demonstrated moderate performance, where user feedback indicated satisfaction with its functionality but highlighted the need for user interface improvements. Future improvements were suggested, including refining model training, enhancing the user interface, and adding features like adjustable summary lengths and language translation.
Adetoun Esther Adenuga, Moyosoluwa Priscilla Dele-Dada, Samuel Oni
This paper discusses the extent to which the Nigerian federal legislature has been able to perform its oversight role to promote accountability and its impact on good governance in Nigeria. The research design used in the study is qualitative research design to examine the legislative activities and their effectiveness in improving accountability by using secondary data in scholarly articles, government documents and other related case studies. The findings show that legislative control has been a major factor in enhancing transparency and balancing executive operations. However, the effectiveness of legislative oversight is compromised by problems such as political interference, lack of adequate resources, and internal corruption, which might not be in a position to facilitate accountability in governance to the maximum. Moreover, the separation of powers limits the extent of the legislature, as the executive is often obliged to implement the law. The paper has established that despite the fact that legislative oversight is a key accountability mechanism, which is a characteristic of good governance, its effectiveness still requires improvement. The article, therefore, indicates that internal ethical standards and anti-corruption mechanisms should be enhanced in the legislature to enhance the credibility of the population and the legitimacy of the control measures. This is to ensure that there is good governance and that the legislative oversight has a positive role to play in the democratic stability in Nigeria.
Emerson John C. Escuyos, Jade Ann D. Longos, Mariel C. Dormiendo, Oscar S. Recto, Jr, Reshelle A. Guiral, Tovy Boy S. Libay
Youth participation in governance is essential to democratic development, yet many Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) officials lack the procedural knowledge needed for effective leadership—particularly in parliamentary procedures and resolution-making. This study surveyed 94 SK officials in Dapa, Surigao del Norte using a quantitative-descriptive approach to assess their core, technical, and applied knowledge. Guided by Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, the research examined how demographic factors, training exposure, and environmental support influence procedural competence. Results showed that SK officials had an overall mean score of 3.21, interpreted as “Agree” and qualitatively described as “Moderately Knowledgeable.” The highest-rated item was understanding quorum requirements (M = 3.81), while the lowest was procedural motions (M = 2.78). Technical knowledge scored a mean of 3.09, and applied procedural knowledge averaged 2.94, indicating gaps in practical application. Common challenges included lack of formal training (M = 3.67), time constraints (M = 3.42), and limited mentorship (M = 3.38). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant relationship (p < 0.05) between parliamentary knowledge and resolution quality. The study recommends targeted capacity-building programs, mentorship initiatives, and institutional support to enhance procedural fluency and governance effectiveness among SK officials
Grichen T. Bation, Jesa V. Zamora, Mario B. Sayson Jr, Roovie Angelie C. Siasico
The Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) is the formal mechanism for youth involvement in local governance in the Philippines, underscoring the need for SK Chairpersons to have a solid understanding of leadership and parliamentary procedures. This study evaluated the parliamentary knowledge of 55 SK Chairpersons in Tangub City, Misamis Occidental, through a descriptive-correlational quantitative design. A validated questionnaire assessed seven areas: agenda creation, meeting minutes, quorum, voting and nominations, motions, order of precedence, and amendments. Descriptive statistics and Pearson-r correlation analyzed knowledge levels and their relationship to age at election and length of service. Findings showed Chairpersons were most competent in quorum (mean = 2.96), meeting minutes (2.72), and agenda creation (2.70), rated “Satisfactory.” Fair knowledge was observed in voting and nominations (2.25), motions (2.23), amendments (2.14), and order of precedence (2.12), with order of precedence being the least understood. Significant correlations emerged between age and knowledge of order of precedence and amendments, and between length of service and knowledge of voting, nominations, and amendments. The study concluded that while SK Chairpersons have foundational knowledge, they lack depth in technical parliamentary procedures. The study recommends targeted trainings, curriculum integration, standardized modules, peer-led activities, and further research to enhance the procedural competence of SK Chairpersons across various sectors
Ahmad Hilman Borhan, Azlin Abd Jamil, Fasihah Mohd Jaslan, Huzaimah Yahya, Nor Mazila Dorani, Norfaeza Ali, Su Zalpha Mohamed, Zetty Raihan Mohd Yassin
This study investigates Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) International’s strategic transformation of visa service management from a compliance-oriented function into an integrated university business model that supports institutional competitiveness for a better student experience, well being and financial sustainability Anchored within Malaysia’s higher education internationalization agenda, the research employs a qualitative design using stakeholder surveys amongst international students, administrative officers, and partner agencies. The findings reveal that UTM’ operational framework for visa management is aligned with global needs which reflect the implementation via Education Malaysia Global Services (EMGS) and Malaysian Immigration Department (JIM), and has enhanced service efficiency, regulatory compliance, and student satisfaction. Nevertheless, key challenges remain in inter-agency collaboration, digital integration, and the personalization of student support services. The study proposes a performance-driven model emphasizing digital transformation, data analytics, and cross-functional governance to elevate service quality, institutional branding, and revenue generation. The outcomes provide actionable insights for Malaysian universities seeking to enhance their global competitiveness through innovation in international service delivery. By integrating data-driven management, stakeholder collaboration, and student-centred processes, institutions can strengthen their international positioning and contribute to sustained improvements in global rankings and reputational capital. These findings advance the discourse on higher-education internationalization by linking service excellence to institutional strategy and performance.
Muhammad Amir Razin Azizi, Nor Fatin Abdul Jabar
Factory farming is a big topic of conversation about food around the world. It affects how people think about it, environmental policy, and moral issues. This study examines the linguistic and ideological strategies utilized in the Genetic Literacy Project essay, “Rethinking Pros and Cons of Livestock ‘Factory Farms’,” to reframe industrial livestock production as rational, indispensable, and socially beneficial. The study employs Fairclough’s Three-Dimensional Model of Critical Discourse Analysis to investigate how lexicalisation, interdiscursivity, and evaluative framing validate industrial-scale agriculture, concurrently shifting accountability from corporate and regulatory bodies to consumers. Studies show that terms used in industry, such as "efficiency," "scale," and "lower emissions," as well as inclusive pronouns and trade-off framing, support factory farming as an important part of modern food systems. This research contributes to agricultural discourse studies by demonstrating how language serves as a mechanism for ideological reinforcement, influencing public acceptance of controversial production systems.
Insaf Ben Ghanem
The accelerated shift toward digitalization has reinforced the strategic importance of leveraging digital infrastructures and rethinking business models for SMEs and entrepreneurs seeking to enhance competitiveness and performance in an increasingly uncertain environment. This study investigates how digital business model innovation (DBMI) contributes to improving SME performance, with a specific focus on the enabling role of digital infrastructure (DI) and its implications for entrepreneurial activities. A quantitative survey was conducted among 209 Tunisian entrepreneurs managing SMEs, selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares—Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that a robust digital infrastructure significantly stimulates DBMI, which in turn enhances organizational performance (OP). Furthermore, DI was found to strengthen entrepreneurs’ capabilities to redesign value creation, delivery, and capture mechanisms within their ventures. This research contributes to the literature on digital transformation, entrepreneurship, and business model innovation in emerging economies. It also offers actionable insights for entrepreneurs and SME managers seeking to leverage digital technologies to foster sustainable growth, enhance competitiveness, and adapt to rapidly evolving market conditions.
Agnes T. Mijares, Mona L. Laya
This study employed a qualitative approach specifically phenomenology to explore and understand the lived experiences of Barangay Council of Women members on Gender and Development initiatives implementation. In-depth Interviews (IDIs) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were conducted to gather the qualitative data. Through thematic analysis, the lived experiences of the participants were described according to the following themes: socio-cultural barriers, information dissemination gaps, budgetary implementation constraints, constrained local autonomy, women’s expanding capacities, knowledge sharing opportunities, and community-centered interventions. In addition, the following themes were generated as regards coping mechanisms of the participants, including adaptive engagement strategies, strategic resource management, participatory program evaluation, and resilient leadership commitment. Moreover, the following themes were extracted from the insights shared by the participants to the academe and the community: Gender and Development is a knowledge-driven empowerment, inclusive Gender and Development leadership practice, Gender and Development promotes confidence through enterprise, Gender and Development advances intergenerational gender awareness, and Gender and Development implementation requires collaborative institutional support.
Andre Ren C. Murallon, Bernaflor B. Canape, Jay A. Jimenez, Kyle Mae B. Panimdim, Shine Grace O. Detalla
Mall security staff are vital for ensuring safety and order by protecting people and property, handling emergencies, enforcing rules, assisting shoppers, and supporting the mall’s public image. This study, entitled Lived Experiences of Mall Security Personnel Handling Resistance, used a qualitative phenomenological research design. It involved 10 mall security personnel and employed semi-structured interviews analyzed through Moustakas’ thematic approach. Findings revealed five major themes: (1) maintaining emotional control and professionalism, (2) stress, fatigue, and emotional strain, (3) lack of training and institutional support, (4) developing personal resilience and a positive mindset, and (5) seeking support and relying on teamwork. The study concludes that emotional regulation, professionalism, and resilience, developed through training and institutional support, are essential soft skills for security guards to de-escalate tensions, uphold credibility, enhance performance, and ensure workplace safety. The study recommends that organizations provide comprehensive training, sustained institutional support, and wellness initiatives to strengthen security guards’ skills, resilience, and overall well-being, thereby enhancing conflict management and fostering a healthier organizational environment.
Ever Moyo, Kaitano Dzinavatonga, Zvikomborero Lesley Hakunavanhu
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) remain a major public health concern in Zimbabwe, yet little empirical work has examined the combined influence of driver behavior, demographic characteristics and environmental factors on accident severity. This study applied binary logistic regression analysis to a dataset of 500 accident-involved drivers to identify the key predictors of severe accidents. Frequency distributions summarised the characteristics of drivers, environmental conditions and vehicle status, while logistic regression quantified their influence on accident severity. The results showed that six key predictors significantly increased the likelihood of severe accidents: low driving experience, alcohol use, fatigue, mobile phone use, over speeding and wet road conditions. Over speeding emerged as the strongest predictor, with drivers who overspeed being four times more likely to be involved in a severe accident. Although age, gender, time of accident and vehicle condition were not statistically significant, they exhibited expected directional effects. The full model (M1) significantly improved prediction compared to the null model (M0) with Δχ² = 77.3 demonstrating that the included predictors collectively enhance the model’s explanatory power with respect to predicting accident severity. It demonstrated an acceptable predictive accuracy with an AUC = 0.720, indicating its effectiveness in distinguishing between severe and non-severe accidents. The findings emphasize that human behavior remains the most critical determinant of accident severity in Zimbabwe, with implications for targeted interventions. The study findings highlight the need for evidence-based interventions focused on speed control, anti-drunk driving enforcement, fatigue management, mobile phone usage laws, targeted road safety campaigns and improved road infrastructure especially during wet conditions. Training and awareness programs targeting inexperienced drivers could reduce severity outcomes. The study contributes valuable insights toward improving road safety strategies in Zimbabwe and similar contexts.
Mohammed Xolile Ntshangase, Nkarhi Excellent Mathebula, Ronnie Risimati Maceke
This study analyses service delivery from a Social Justice standpoint in a local municipality selected from the Limpopo Province. Employing case study qualitative research design, the study gathered data through face-to-face interviews with municipal officials and residents which were then supplemented by document review of the municipal plans, budgets, and reports. The results show that service delivery is not consistent and is affected by governance problems, lack of institutional capacity, shortage of financial resources, and a low level of public involvement. Not only that, but the structural inequalities also caused by the spatial planning of the past deepen the divide to such an extent that the areas that were left out in the past become the ones that do not get basic services for a long time. The research discovers that these systemic deficiencies erode social justice's distributive and procedural elements. The article offers several suggestions for overcoming these problems starting with an agreement that emphasizes distributive justice in the allocation of resources, raising the standards of governance and accountability, making public participation a regular feature of people's lives, and carrying out the spatial interventions designed to eliminate the effects of the spatial inequalities. The study argues for the urgency of municipalities embracing justice-oriented strategies that facilitate not only technical service provision but also the provision of equitable, inclusive, and sustainable services for all residents.
Mahendran Maniam, Shereen Shamala Benjamin Jeyaraja
Reading in English as a second language (ESL) is a vital skill that must be mastered by all adolescents. However, the reading process is neither easy nor straightforward in its nature. Despite the initiatives by the government and non-governmental agencies to inculcate reading habits, statistics has shown that students’ interest in reading has not improved much. This is worrying as prosperous nation requires well-read and educated youths. Given the importance of developing a positive attitude among adolescents, the current study aims to investigate the attitude among lower secondary school students towards reading in English and explore whether the variable of gender would affect the reading attitude. A quantitative approach was used whereby data collected using an instrument, the Adult Survey of Reading Attitude’ (ASRA). The questionnaires were administered to 300 lower secondary school students (Form1 & Form 2) at two different national schools in Puchong, Selangor. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Descriptive analysis was carried out for RQ1 and Independent Sample T Test for RQ2. Findings of this study shows that despite an overall moderate attitude towards reading, these students lack in proper reading habit and practice both in and outside the classroom. In terms of gender difference, female students show significantly higher attitude compared to male students, while there were no significant differences among Form 1 and Form 2 students. The study provides several pedagogical implications for both ESL students and practitioners. Furthermore, to facilitate and further improve the EL reading skills among the students, an amalgamation of appropriate teaching approaches or methodologies can be adapted and practiced in the ESL reading classrooms creating a more conducive and stress-free environment to encourage students to build the reading attitude more confidently.
Abd Hadi Mustaffa, Dania Maisara Mohamed Helmy, Hainnuraqma Rahim, Irfah Najihah Basir Malan
Exchange rate stability remains vital for Malaysia’s macroeconomic management and external competitiveness because of Malaysia’s close commercial and financial ties with the United States. The continued volatility in the US Dollar-Ringgit exchange rate is causing issues for monetary authorities, indicating both global disruptions and internal differences. Hence, this study aims to empirically analyse the macroeconomic factors impacting the US Dollar-Malaysia Ringgit exchange rate and provide insights into Malaysia’s long-term monetary stability. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is used to examine both short- and long-term correlations among key macroeconomic indicators, with the analysis spanning annual data from 1974 to 2023. The findings show that increases in the money supply and inflation depreciate the ringgit, while higher GDP growth and foreign direct investment strengthen its value, with a continuous adjustment towards long-run equilibrium. The findings suggest that Malaysia’s exchange rate fluctuations are primarily driven by underlying macroeconomic factors rather than speculative considerations. The research provides policy-relevant data for developing approaches to increase exchange rate stability and monetary autonomy. Improving local fundamentals and encouraging disciplined liquidity management are critical steps towards furthering Malaysia’s de-dollarisation goal and enhancing the ringgit’s reputation within a multipolar financial system.
Abdul Khalid Mahdi, Burhan Murshidi Baharon, Mohamad Ibrani Shahrimin Adam Assim, Siti Nur Rohani Hasbie
This study explores various teaching strategies for the Malay language and their impact on students' psychological development. In modern education, effective teaching methods play a crucial role in enhancing students’ interest, motivation, and overall emotional and social well-being. Therefore, this study examines key approaches such as student-centered learning, interactive methods, online learning, and the integration of digital technology in teaching. Findings indicate that strategies such as student-centered learning and interactive methods, including collaborative learning and language games, enhance students’ confidence and comprehension. These approaches create a more dynamic and engaging learning experience. Additionally, online learning, which incorporates digital materials and interactive applications, helps boost students’ intrinsic motivation while allowing for more flexible self-paced learning. The study also reveals that teaching strategies affect not only academic performance but also students’ psychological well-being. Methods that consider psychological factors can reduce academic stress, enhance self-confidence, and foster a positive attitude toward learning. Therefore, educators should adopt teaching strategies that align with technological advancements and students' psychological needs. A balanced approach will ensure that Malay language learning becomes more effective, engaging, and of high quality.
Muhammad Hanifah Haris, Nurul Athirah Mohd Azmi
The rapid growth of Islamic finance in Malaysia demonstrates strong demand for Shariah-compliant financial products, yet the risk of Shariah non-compliance income (SNCI) continue to challenge the credibility of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). Such non-compliance, arising from contractual errors, operational weaknesses and governance limitations, threatens public confidence and raises questions about effective Shariah governance. This study examines the concept, sources, governance practices and disposal mechanisms of Shariah Non-Compliance Income (SNCI) in Malaysian Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). Using a qualitative document-based methodology, the research synthesises regulatory guidelines, academic literature and institutional practices to identify the challenges and variations in SNCI management. Findings show that IFIs adopt structured processes of detection, confirmation, reporting and rectification, with purification through charitable allocation being the most common disposal method. However, significant gaps remain including uneven Shariah expertise among staff, inconsistencies in interpretation and limitations in disclosure practices. The study highlights the need for enhanced capacity building, harmonised Shariah interpretation, and stronger governance to maintain the integrity and sustainability of Islamic finance.
Azwidohwi Kutame, Azwindini Robert Mutshinya, Ingrid Sibongile Kapueja
This study investigates how curriculum design management influences the teaching of Agricultural Sciences in South Africa’s General Education and Training (GET) band. The integration of Agricultural Sciences into the Natural Sciences curriculum after 1994 has resulted in loss of subject identity, challenges in implementation, and inadequate teacher preparation. A mixed methods approach was used, involving sixty (60) teacher questionnaires and interviews with three (3) curriculum advisors and three (3) principals. Findings reveal misalignment between curriculum intentions and classroom practice, limited professional development, shortages of qualified teachers, and outdated teaching methods. Strengthening curriculum management, improving teacher training, and reconsidering the subject’s structural placement are essential for effective implementation. The study recommends targeted professional development, improved deployment policies, and reinstating Agricultural Sciences as a distinct subject in the GET band.
Aizathul Hani Abd Hamid, Khairol Anuar Kamri
This article analyzes Malaysia's management of ethnic relations through the integration of policy frameworks, institutional practices, and quotidian social dynamics to maintain national cohesion. This paper contextualizes Malaysia’s experience within wider comparative discussions by utilizing both historical and modern academic perspectives from Furnivall’s concept of the plural society to Anderson’s imagined communities and also revisited the Barth’s ethnic boundary theory, social identity theory, and intergroup contact theory. It then examines the development of Malaysia's policy framework (constitutional provisions, redistributive policies, education and language policies, community cohesion programs), emphasizes practices in schools, universities, workplaces, and civil society, and identifies new challenges in the digital age. The article contends that Malaysia's model is optimally comprehended as a stratified initiative by integrating state-directed redistribution, consociational negotiation, and micro-level interaction that necessitates constant revision to combat inequality, polarization, and online detriments. Suggestions are made for policies that will make the management of ethnic relations in Malaysia stronger, more evidence-based, more inclusive, and more prepared for the future.
Aizathul Hani Abd Hamid, Khairol Anuar Kamri
This article explores the discourse of nation-building in Malaysia by examining the contributions of three leading scholars which are Prof. Shamsul Amri Baharuddin, Prof. Abdul Rahman Embong, and Prof. Mansor Mohd Noor. Shamsul emphasizes the dialectics between two social realities and the concept of nations-of-intent; Abdul Rahman highlights the role of the nation-state and the middle class in shaping national identity; while Mansor focuses on the thinning of ethnic boundaries and the emergence of a national ethos through micro-level interactions. By conducting a comparative analysis, this study argues that nation-building in Malaysia is a continuous, unfinished project requiring the integration of official discourse, socio-economic structures, and everyday lived experiences. The article further situates Malaysian scholarship within broader theoretical debates and discusses its contemporary implications for policy, education, and social cohesion.
Hasnah Mohamed, Juhazren Junaidi, Olya Dollah
With the advent of the Fifth Industrial Revolution (5IR), the integration of digital technologies within teacher education becomes not just desirable but a strategic imperative. National policies in Malaysia, like the Dasar Pendidikan Digital and the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025 (Higher Education), have emphasized the agenda of developing high-level digital capacities for the future teachers. However, such.teacher preparation programs not infrequently focus on skills development only technically, with little room for approaches toward pedagogical integration. Using a qualitative comparative methodology underpinned by the revised Synthesis of Qualitative Data, SQD2 model, this paper identifies lessons learned from three internationally recognised digital competency frameworks that could best inform the development of pre-service teachers within Malaysian Institutes of Teacher Education (IPGs). Three key frameworks are presented for analysis: UNESCO’s ICT Competency Framework for Teachers (ICT-CFT), the European Commission’s DigCompEdu, and the ISTE Standards for Educators. These are interrogated at the systemic, institutional, and classroom levels. The findings stress the need for a pedagogy-first approach, collaborative professional learning environments, learner-centered strategies, and the development of students' own digital competencies. This paper concludes with a three-tier model for the localization of these global practices within Malaysia's teacher education landscape.
Nina Nabiha Binti Hassan, Zuhal Hussein
Purpose – This study provides an overview of how a systematic literature review (SLR) is used to identify relevant literature on consumers’ behavioral in adopting the OMNI-Channel platforms. It outlines the SLR process, including source identification, research question formulation, systematic searching strategies, article quality appraisal, and data extraction and analysis. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic approach was employed using three major databases. After applying eligibility criteria, 35 relevant articles were shortlisted from an initial pool of 94 papers. Findings – Of the 94 initially identified papers, 77 were closely aligned to the topic which 62 contributed directly to the research framework and 15 articles focused on OMNI-Channel platforms. However, only 35 articles that were much more relatable to the topic were analysed and discussed in detail. Practical implications – This paper provides insights for managers on optimising logistics processes and strengthening customer relationships by prioritising consumer-valued OMNI-Channel strategies. It also informs small retailers on how to apply OMNI-Channel concepts effectively. Originality/value – This study fulfils the need for a systematic review of empirical research on OMNI-Channel customer behaviour and intention to use such platforms.
Amizatulhawa Mat Sani, Atirah Sufian, Elly Julieanatasha Juma’at, Norhidayah Mohamad
The purpose of this study is to systematically map and analyze the scholarly landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption in marketing from 2019 to 2025. The study aims to identify key trends, productive authors, and leading countries contributing to this emerging field, thereby providing insights into the development and diffusion of AI technologies in marketing practices. This research is important because AI adoption increasingly shapes marketing strategies, business competitiveness, and global innovation. A bibliometric approach was employed, using data retrieved from the Scopus database. Bibliomagika was used for data cleaning, analysis, and visualization. The study focused on publication trends, authorship productivity, and country-level contributions. Quantitative measures such as total publications, citations, h-index, g-index, and m-index were analyzed to determine research impact, collaboration patterns, and emerging thematic areas. The analysis shows a significant growth in publications on AI adoption in marketing between 2019 and 2025, indicating a rising global interest. The most productive authors and countries were identified, revealing collaboration networks and research hubs. The study also highlights influential papers and emerging trends, such as the integration of AI in customer engagement, personalization, and digital marketing strategies. The study is limited to publications indexed in Scopus, potentially excluding relevant research from other databases. Nonetheless, the findings provide valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, guiding future research directions, identifying gaps, and informing strategies for AI adoption in marketing contexts. This study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of AI adoption in marketing, highlighting the evolution, influential contributors, and emerging trends. Its originality lies in systematically combining analyses of productivity, impact, and collaboration to provide a holistic view of the field, offering a foundation for future studies and strategic decisions in AI-driven marketing.
Chong Sheau Tsuey, Mohd Haikal Anuar Adnan, Muhammad Ajib Abd Razak, Najwa Afiqa Roshaizad, Nasrudin Subhi, Norsarah Mohd Razali, Salina Nen
Marital quality is a crucial component of individual well-being and overall family stability. This study examines how marital adjustment, family life-cycle stages, and financial stress influence marital quality using a quantitative research design. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics to explore the relationships among key variables. The findings indicate that levels of marital adjustment and marital quality are generally high, while financial stress falls within the moderate range. Results from the Kruskal–Wallis test show no significant differences in marital adjustment across demographic groups. However, ANOVA analyses reveal significant differences in financial stress based on marital duration and family life-cycle stages, with couples who are raising children reporting higher levels of stress. Correlation analysis further demonstrates that financial stress tends to increase as marital duration lengthens, and that family life-cycle stages are negatively associated with marital quality. Multiple regression analyses confirm that financial stress and life-cycle stages serve as significant predictors of marital quality, whereas marital adjustment does not. Overall, this study underscores the importance of effective financial management and strong social support systems in helping couples navigate marital challenges. The results provide valuable insights for developing programs and interventions aimed at promoting healthier and more resilient marital relationships.
Nik Anis Idayu, Nik Anis Sazwani Nik Abdullah, Noor Aida Ayub, Noral Hidayah Alwi
This study investigates the impact of marketing capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, using Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI) as a mediating variable, explaining how marketing capabilities and resource utilization enhance performance. This study applies the Resource-Based View (RBV) to examine how internal resources influence firm performance in SMEs. The framework highlights resource efficiency as a key driver of sustainable competitiveness. Given the competitive and resource-constrained environment faced by Klang Valley SMEs, effective marketing and entrepreneurial practices are critical for sustainable growth. This study posits that marketing capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation enhance SME performance directly and indirectly via ROMI. A quantitative approach will be adopted, collecting data from SMEs across various industries in the Klang Valley. SmartPLS will be used to conduct Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the hypothesized direct and mediated relationships, providing robust insights into how firm capabilities and ROMI influence SME performance. The findings are expected to offer recommendations for SME managers and policymakers while contributing to the literature on SME performance in the Malaysian context.
Amandus Paul Panan, Judeth J. Baptist, Mohd Kipli Abdul Rahmn, Rosdeen Suboh
This paper proposes the integration of mask work within the next phase of the Inclusive Treatment Experimental Ritual Performance (In TERiPe) model - a culturally grounded therapeutic framework rooted in the Bajau-Sama Igal dance tradition. While the first two In TERiPe pilot workshops (2023–2025) with forty-one People with Different Abilities (PwDA) successfully explored the healing dimensions of Igal-dramatherapy without the use of masks, new insights from practice-based research suggest that masking can deepen emotional accessibility and symbolic transformation in participants. The proposed phase, supported by the Ministry of Education Malaysia grant (2025–2026), aims to develop and test mask-integrated movement sequences through smaller pilot rehearsals and at the International Mask Festival (IMF) 2025, leading up to a major inclusive workshop scheduled within nine months from August 2025. Drawing from theories of ritual performance, dramatherapy, and Southeast Asian aesthetics, this article articulates the cultural rationale, psychophysical potential, and humanistic implications of introducing masks into Igal-based therapy. It positions mask work as a bridge between tradition and innovation, body and psyche, personal emotion and communal empathy — proposing a new, inclusive grammar for Malaysian performing-arts-based therapy.
Kanapathippillai Ketheeswaran, Thevarasa Mukunthan
This study was conducted to investigate how MEd students perceive face-to-face, online, and hybrid modes of teaching and the extent to which these modalities support or hinder their learning within the specific context of Eastern University, Sri Lanka. a quantitative approach and utilized a survey design. 60 students were selected as the sample using an accidental sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. Descriptive statistical techniques were used to analyse the data, and SPSS software was used to generate numerical outputs, tables, figures, and percentages for interpretation. Consent was obtained from every participant, and the data were permanently destroyed at the end of the study. The study revealed that the majority of students prefer the on-site mode of delivery, and the majority of them were positive about the hybrid mode of delivery. Background of the students, such as gender, civil status, and family responsibility, influences their attitudes. However, a minority of students prefer the online mode of delivery, and it is influenced by distance from their hometown and the university. This study recommends considering the background information of every student when planning the mode of delivery of the programme, and adopting the hybrid mode of delivery based on situational awareness. Meanwhile, connection issues, technical tool-related issues, and enhancement-related issues need to be addressed during the online mode of delivery.
Dr. Carlo Jay Albite, Juleus Cesar Mapusao Cadacio
This descriptive-correlational study aimed to determine the relationship between master teachers' instructional leadership and teaching competencies on teacher development among selected master teachers in public secondary schools in the Division of Camarines Sur for the School Year 2025–2026. Data was collected using a researcher-made survey with a 4-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis were employed. The main findings indicated that master teachers highly demonstrated both instructional leadership and teaching competencies, which were strongly correlated with teacher development (instructional leadership, r = 0.612; teaching competencies, r = 0.790; p = 0.001). Multiple regression confirmed that instructional leadership and teaching competencies are significant predictors of teacher development, collectively explaining 40.9\% of the variance. The study concluded that master teachers' instructional leadership and teaching competencies are critical factors in enhancing the professional growth, instructional practices, and motivation of their peers, leading to the development of the CESAR Improvement Plan.
Douglas A. Salazar, Rashida R. Rasid
Gamified learning environments are increasingly explored as alternative assessment strategies that promote motivation and engagement in mathematics. This study investigated the effects of Math-mazing Roulette, a classroom-based gamified summative assessment tool, on Grade 9 learners’ achievement and engagement levels in radical expressions, specifically rational exponents and radical equations. Using a quasi-experimental posttest-only non-equivalent group design, two intact Grade 9 classes (N = 80) from a public secondary school in Marawi City were assigned to either a traditional written summative test or a gamified summative test consisting of five rotating game stations containing the same assessment items. Quantitative findings revealed that learners who completed the gamified summative test demonstrated significantly higher achievement scores than those who took the written test, as evidenced by the Mann–Whitney U test. Engagement data showed high behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement during the gamified assessment. Students displayed active participation, enthusiasm, collaboration, and perseverance throughout the activity. Thematic analysis of student reflections further revealed key themes such as reduced test anxiety, increased motivation, enjoyment, peer support, and deeper focus during problem solving. The results indicate that gamified summative assessments can serve as meaningful alternatives to traditional paper-based tests by reducing pressure and creating a supportive and interactive environment for demonstrating mathematical understanding. This study contributes to the growing evidence that classroom gamification can enhance assessment experiences, particularly in topics where students often struggle. Integrating structured game elements into assessment practices may help teachers promote both engagement and improved achievement in mathematics.
Jahangir Alam, Md. Zahir Alam, Zawad Rami
The status of mathematics on the ontological or epistemological level is still undetermined even though it has been debated by realist, constructivist and formalist traditions. This paper pursues a dual-aspect view of mathematics with the Humanized Mathematical Universe (HMU), where it is assumed that mathematics lives as metaphysical structure and as embodied cognitive activity. Through reconstructing some foundational positions, the paper illustrates how currently available frameworks fail to account for mathematical universality and (human) access to mathematical structure as well as their ethical implications. According to the HMU model, mathematical entia are cosmological potentialities needing human cognition for actualization, causing a participative ontological relationship between mind and cosmos. The analysis adds that doing logic today is morally significant as a practice because of its role in the mechanics of algorithmic governance, artificial intelligence, genetic computation, and financial automation. The results reveal that mathematical warrant needs to encompass three kinds of evaluation: structural congruence, epistemic deeming and normative adequacy. Hence HMU synthesis refashions mathematics as epistemologically unified, where ontology, cognition and ethics are mutually enmeshed. The thesis argues that mathematics should be considered not as a neutral formal language, but as a metaphysically real and ethically responsible world-building process in which we participate.
Chong En Si, Jia Qing Cheok, Kim Chuan Lim
Container automation systems have become increasingly important in response to the rapid growth of global trade and the need for efficient logistics. Previous research lacked a systematic comparison of advanced OCR models (PaddleOCR and TrOCR) integrated with reliable text detection (YOLO) to determine the optimal balance of speed and high accuracy under real-world port conditions. This study developed an automated pipeline combining the YOLOv10 object detector for text region localization with fine-tuned Paddle OCR and TrOCR models for recognition. Evaluation was conducted on a test set of 173 real-world images from an actual port terminal gate deployment after training on 8,899 augmented images. YOLOv10 achieved strong detection performance, recording a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 94.7% and an average Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.87. TrOCR consistently demonstrated superior recognition accuracy, achieving 98.73% exact match for ISO codes and 71.17% for container numbers, exceeding PaddleOCR (97.42% and 70.14%). However, PaddleOCR was significantly faster (up to 18.35 FPS for ISO codes) compared to TrOCR (7.93 FPS). The integrated YOLOv10 with TrOCR pipeline is recommended for reliable, high-precision text recognition, advancing automated port logistics through a scalable, AI-powered solution that prioritizes accuracy in challenging real-world scenarios.
George Ehusani
The 21st-century Nigerian context is characterised by political instability, escalating violence, socioeconomic deterioration, urbanisation-driven breakdown of social supports, and rising prevalence of trauma and psychosocial disorders. This article employs a narrative approach that: (1) situates the epidemiology and socio-economic and cultural drivers of psycho-emotional distress in Nigeria, and the attendant psychopathologies; (2) maps the interventionist competencies and interdisciplinary roles of clinical psychologists and allied professionals across clinical and non-clinical domains; and (3) proposes a detailed preventive framework, emphasising society-wide psycho-education, multisectoral advocacy for the required investment in mental healthcare, the transformation of our private and public institutions and systems into trauma-informed entities, workforce expansion, task-sharing, telepsychology, as well as legal and regulatory reforms. The paper argues that coordinated, evidence-informed, and culturally attuned mobilisation of clinical psychology is a strategic and cost-effective pathway to transform Nigeria’s current reactive crisis management into a prevention-oriented mental health system that enhances individual wellbeing and strengthens social cohesion. It presents prioritised, actionable recommendations, ranging from mainstreaming mental health in primary healthcare and revising training curricula to incorporate telehealth models and commissioning implementation research, to guide policymakers, professional bodies, funders, and practitioners. The paper concludes with prioritised recommendations and an implementation roadmap to mainstream clinical psychology within Nigeria’s health architecture and to scale prevention and intervention at national and subnational levels.
Khadijah Alavi, Mohd Suhaimi Mohamad, Putri Balkis Mohamad Nor
This study explores the types of mental health intervention programs implemented for at-risk youth around different countries. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by PRISMA protocols, across 20 reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025, resilience focused, and community-based interventions demonstrated measurable improvements in youth emotional regulation and self-efficacy. The review discovered a wide range of intervention strategies employed internationally, with prominent approaches including cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), resilience-focused programs, community-based services, nature-based interventions, and digital or technology assisted modalities. A recurring emphasis was observed on cross-sectoral collaboration, cultural adaptability, and youth engagement. However, the findings also highlighted significant gaps, particularly in the representation of female youth, rural populations, and under-researched regions such as Southeast Asia. Methodologically, many studies lacked longitudinal design, standardized outcome measures, and youth-participatory frameworks. From a social work perspective, the review underscores the critical role of frontline practitioners in implementing context sensitive, community driven interventions. Qualitative insights and mixed-methods approaches were found to be underutilized, despite their value in capturing the realities and experiences of youth and the practical dynamics of service delivery. This review provides actionable insights for adapting global best practices to Malaysian youth contexts. By identifying global best practices and recognizing current research limitations, the study provides a knowledge base for policymakers, practitioners, and social work professionals to design more inclusive, culturally responsive, and evidence-based programs tailored to the needs of at-risk youth.
Saira Riaz
This is a case study of two private Secondary schools in Islamabad. The focus of school A is profit-based and commercial whereas School B provides quality and values-based education. This study explored the phenomenon of middle management with reference to their leadership roles in schools. Also this enquiry measured the level of relational trust among the principal, middle leaders, teachers and clients (students and parents) from faculty perspective by using the grounded theory of five facets of trust: benevolence, competence, reliability, open communication and honesty. This study is more qualitative in nature. Questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used as research instruments
Afef Ben Delhouma Sghairi
Digital transformation reshapes organizational processes and working methods, necessitating the active involvement of middle management to drive successful change. This literature review explores the evolving role of middle managers in digital transformation. This study examines the concept of digital leadership and the strategic importance of middle managers in the effective implementation of digital initiatives. This review reveals that beyond their traditional roles as mediators and translators of strategy, middle managers are increasingly expected to act as change agents, digital facilitators, and innovation promoters. However, this transition requires new digital, relational and adaptive competencies. The findings highlight the need for continuous upskilling and reconfiguration of middle management responsibilities to align with agile and technology-driven organizational models. Drawing on the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory, this review emphasizes the importance of high-quality relationships between middle managers and their teams in fostering communication, innovation, and a culture conducive to digitalization. This study underscores the necessity of developing targeted training and leadership programs to enhance middle managers' digital literacy and change their management capabilities. Organizations should foster a supportive environment that empowers middle managers to experiment, innovate, and act as key transformation enablers. This review contributes to the growing body of research on digital transformation by emphasizing the central, yet underexplored role of middle management, offering a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge, and identifying the emerging competencies required for middle managers to successfully navigate the digital age.
Aik Yong Qi, Hanita Hanim Ismail, Melor Md Yunus
This mixed-methods study investigated learners’ and teachers’ perceptions of using Google Read-Along to enhance English reading fluency among ESL learners in suburban Malaysian primary schools. The study was motivated by the ongoing challenge that many Malaysian pupils still struggle with reading fluency despite years of formal English instruction, especially in suburban settings with limited exposure to English outside the classroom. While previous studies report fluency gains from AI-based reading tools, less is known about how learners and teachers perceive these tools in Malaysian classrooms, particularly regarding motivation, confidence, feasibility, and curriculum alignment. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 60 Year 5 pupils using an 18-item survey (α = .835), while qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with four English teachers and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Quantitative findings showed that pupils held highly positive perceptions of Google Read-Along, reporting high usefulness (M = 3.95), ease of use (M = 4.07), engagement (M = 4.02), motivation (M = 4.06), and increased reading confidence with reduced anxiety. Qualitative findings revealed that teachers viewed Google Read-Along as a valuable supplementary tool that complemented traditional reading instruction, aligned flexibly with CEFR-based lessons, supported facilitation, improved classroom management, and worked well alongside multilingual scaffolding. However, implementation barriers included limited devices, unstable internet connectivity, accent-related feedback issues, time constraints, and inconsistent parental support. Overall, the study concludes that Google Read-Along can effectively enhance reading fluency and motivation when integrated into scaffolded, teacher-guided instruction, supported by contextual adaptation and adequate school-level resources.
Abdul Karim Mohamad, Kurk Wei Yi, Lim Wei Jie
Efficient waste management is a critical challenge in developing smart cities, where traditional collection methods often lead to overflowing bins, resource inefficiency, and environmental pollution. This paper presents the design and development of a Mobile-Based Smart Monitoring Garbage System that integrates Internet of Things (IoT) sensors with a Flutter-based mobile application to enable real-time monitoring and management of garbage bins. Ultrasonic sensors are deployed to measure bin fill levels, while a GPS module tracks bin location. Data from these sensors are transmitted via Wi-Fi to a Firebase Realtime Database, where authorized users: administrators and staff can monitor waste levels and locations through a mobile interface. The study employs quantitative method incorporate with Agile methodology, with iterative design, testing, and user feedback to enhance performance and usability. Experimental testing across multiple bins in urban settings demonstrated accurate real-time monitoring and significant improvements in waste collection efficiency. The results show that timely notifications and optimized routing reduce operational costs and prevent bin overflow. The proposed system offers a scalable and sustainable solution for smart waste management, contributing to cleaner urban environments and more efficient municipal operations.
Anup Kumar Giri, Dr. Govind Gaurav
India has witnessed significant economic transformations under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and his economic policies–popularly known as “Modi-nomics”. This paper examines the key aspects of Modi-nomics, exploring its successes, challenges, and implications for the nation’s development in the two subsequent terms of the regime from 2014 to 2024. The paper begins by providing an overview of the policy framework introduced during the Modi regime, highlighting key reforms aimed at fostering economic growth, attracting foreign investment, and boosting industrial development. It investigates the role of structural reforms, including the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) and the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), in reshaping India’s economic landscape. The paper also analyses the complex relationship between diplomacy and economy and how Indian diplomacy has shaped the prospects of its economic growth under the Modi regime’s active economic diplomacy.
Gini Kiyentei Benneth, Simeon Oamen Obode
This study adopted two long run regression models to assess the effect of monetary tightening on development finance flows in Nigeria from 1990 to 2023, using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) technique. The study specifically assessed the long run effects of money supply, exchange rate, monetary policy rate, the U.S. Federal Reserve rate and inflation rate on official development assistance and foreign direct investment, which serve as measures of development finance flows. The regression estimates for the ODA model indicate that the exchange rate has a positive significant effect on ODA, while the monetary policy rate has a negative significant effect, signifying that domestic monetary tightening reduces official development assistance inflows. For the FDI model, the findings show that increases in the U.S. Federal Reserve rate considerably reduce FDI in Nigeria as investors redirect funds toward safe and high yielding assets in advanced economies. On the other hand, the domestic monetary policy rate (MPR) has a positive significant effect on FDI, indicating that increases in MPR can attract foreign investors seeking high returns especially portfolio and short run investments. Based on these findings, the study recommends that government adopt a fair approach to monetary management and avoid undue tightening that may discourage donor support. Additionally, policies should be implemented to stabilize the exchange rate and diversify external finance sources that are critical for sustaining development finance flows.
Ahmad Adnin Husin, Issraq bin Ramli, Zaharom bin Ridzwan
The activity of reading the Quran among the Malay Muslim community in this country is a practice that has been happening since Islam came to Malaya. The spirit of the Muslim community today to practice reading the Quran correctly in their daily lives is something very positive. However, there are still some Muslim communities who are still unable to pronounce the letters of the Quran according to Arabic pronunciation well, which is likely influenced by various factors such as lineage, race, dialect, culture, age, educational background and so on. The letters of the Quran in particular and Arabic letters in general have their own characteristics and makhraj which are certainly different from the characteristics of letters in the Malay language. Therefore, the focus of this study is to find out the Motivations and attitudes of adult Malay Quran readers in the development of civil society. The data for this study were obtained from 40 respondents consisting of members of the Mutiara Putrajaya Welfare Agency (BKMP) using a questionnaire method. As a registered and recognized charity, BKMP strongly encourages its members to gain added value in generating religious knowledge in general and Quranic knowledge in particular. The results of the questionnaire distributed online using the Googleform application found that exposure to the makhraj and properties of Arabic and Quranic letters as well as the correct way of reading should be applied more effectively among BKMP members and at the same time can foster social well-being in line with the narrative of a progressive and active Madani society. The variety of factors that constrain readers from pronouncing Arabic letters well need to be addressed with various methods and initiatives that can help Quran readers.
Hasni Abdullah, Mohammed Hariri Bakri, Nur Zahidah Bahrudin, Sharifah Zannierah Syed Marzuki, Zahariah Sahudin
The demand for halal products has been increasing and has gained intense interest within the global business community. This agenda has been supported by the government and related agencies in promoting halal business opportunities. Therefore, it is important to investigate the entrepreneurial motivation of entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to become halal entrepreneurs or halalpreneurs. Hence, the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Miniard and Cohen Model (MCM) were applied and empirically tested on the sample population to obtain the motivational factors of SMEs. Data were collected using structured questionnaires given to a total of 200 Muslim entrepreneurs in Malaysia. However, completed questionnaires were returned 81 in total, giving a return rate of 41 per cent. The sample size (N=81) is relatively small; however, it exceeds the commonly recommended thresholds of 10-15 observations per estimated independent variable. Based on this justification, this model is still able to provide interpretable insights into how each variable influences the outcome, although the small sample size may reduce the accuracy in coefficient estimates. Structural equation modelling techniques and Smart PLS were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that personal influence (P) and normative influence (N) significantly affected entrepreneurial intentions among SMEs. Meanwhile, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural were found not significant to influence the SMEs motivation to become halalpreneurs. Future research should replicate the model using a larger sample size to enhance statistical power and to determine whether the non-significant results were due to sampling constraints in the present study.
Farah Nadia Azman, Khadijah Wan Mohd Ghazali, Norazlin Mohammed, Nur Izyan Nadhirah Zaidi, Zuraini Othman
Biometric as an advanced access control method, however, the security can be enhanced through combination of more than one biometric element into one system. This study investigates the enhancement of security in access control systems by implementing a multi-modal biometric authentication system. It explores three biometric combinations: face and fingerprint, face and iris, and fingerprint and iris by using datasets from the CASIA database. The methodology includes biometric image preprocessing, feature extraction using DeepFace (for face), minutiae points (for fingerprints), and Gabor filters (for iris), followed by score-level fusion using weighted average techniques. Experimental analysis reveals that the face-fingerprint combination achieves the highest accuracy of 90.8%, followed by face-iris at 88.8%, outperforming unimodal systems. These results demonstrate the advantage of combining biometric traits for a more reliable and secure authentication system, contributing to the advancement of biometric security technologies.
Muhammad Afham Suhaimi, Muhammad Amnan Idham, Muhammad Yusriman Zaidi, Wan Mohd Khairul Firdaus Wan Khairuldin
Islam is a religion that emphasizes compassion, dignity, and respect for human values, and these principles are increasingly reflected in the development of Muslim friendly hospitality services. In Malaysia, the demand for such services has grown significantly in tandem with the global expansion of Islamic tourism and the rising expectations of Muslim travelers for faith-consistent facilities and experiences. This paper examines Muslim friendly hospitality services in Malaysia by analysing the main opportunities they create for the tourism industry and the key challenges that constrain their effective implementation. The study employs a qualitative literature review method, drawing on primary sources such as books, official policy documents, national standards, research reports, and journal articles related to Islamic tourism and hospitality. The findings show that Muslim friendly hospitality has the potential to strengthen Malaysia’s position as a leading Islamic tourism hub, deepen Shariah compliance in hospitality operations, enhance service quality, and build trust among Muslim travelers through facilities and services that are aligned with their religious commitments. At the same time, the sector faces challenges that include non-uniform implementation of standards, limited awareness and capacity among industry players, and the need for stronger harmonisation with international frameworks such as OIC/SMIIC. From the perspective of Islamic law and the maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, Muslim friendly hospitality seeks to uphold dignity, equality, and well-being, ensuring that tourism services support spiritual fulfilment while remaining competitive and sustainable. This study contributes to the literature on Islamic tourism and offers practical insights for policy makers, regulators, and industry stakeholders in advancing Muslim friendly hospitality in Malaysia.
Dr. E. Benrithung Patton
This paper explores the intricate dynamics of nation-building challenges, leadership branding, and power sharing within various geopolitical and sociocultural circumstances. It examines how power sharing promotes inclusivity and stability in diverse political systems, examines trends in leadership branding, and tackles nation-building challenges like intercultural conflicts and global interdependence. The study provides insightful information about the relationship between power dynamics, leadership branding, and ongoing nation-building challenges draw on historical and modern case studies. Nation-building is defined by the interdisciplinary investigation as the progressive formation of a national identity with a focus on infrastructure development, state legitimacy, citizen participation, and socio-cultural integration. The paper highlights the significance of nation-building in promoting a shared national identity and democratic engagement while admitting possible misuse of outsiders intervention. It also raises important concerns about the motivations behind and appropriateness of nation-building.
Prof. Thomas Kaydor
The qualitative aspect of this mixed-methods study sampled 403 participants (193 children living in street situations and 210 parents/guardians) from Liberia’s 15 counties; 14 representatives from the Child Protection Network (CPN); two Government ministries, two UN agencies and three NGO/partners while the quantitative component sampled 159 out of the 225 respondents (15 each from the 15 counties); this constitutes 70.6% response rate. The sampling technique for this study was purposive. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were instruments used to collect the qualitative data, and the Kobo Toolbox software was used to collect the quantitative data.
Laraba Rikko, Musibau Adeyemi, Peter Oyelere
The study examined the nature and characteristics of housing condition in post covid-19 era in Dogon-Karfe, Jos South Local Government Area, Plateau State. Data were collected through questionnaire administration in residential areas of Dogon-Karfe. Findings revealed that the nature and characteristics of housing conditions in Dogon Karfe are poor due to the incapability of the residents to sustain housing as a result of low income to maintain good housing after pandemic, lockdowns and economic depressions. Apart from multifamily houses and compound buildings found in the study area, bungalow types take the highest percentage. Also, there is poor overall maintenance of buildings and improper electrical wiring common to most houses due to low-income earning and negligent attitudes of the residents in the study area. Based on the findings, it is obvious that there is a fall in economic transactions, which precipitates loss in firm’s revenue; thereby leading to poor maintenance of building/housing environment. Recommendations were made to help the inhabitants, policy makers and academia for adequate housing maintenance be sustained which could also improve economic, social and health status of the inhabitants and housing conditions of the study area.
D. T. Abdul Rahman, Dr. S. Rasheeda Sulthana, S. Banudevi
Suncatcher by Romesh Gunesekera is a reflective bildungsroman fiction framed in 1960’s Colombo, examining the convergence of memory, aesthetic consciousness, friendship and postcolonial lived experiences. The novel focusses on Kairo, a quiet and thoughtful boy, whose existence is altered by his bond with the bold and impetuous Jay. Through this friendship, Kairo encounters ethical challenges, psychological nuances, and the adversities of self-development within social transformation. The discourse also highlights the significance of aesthetic appreciation and memory in navigating self-realization, identity and resilience. By charting Kairo’s emotional and ethical growthcontrasting the background of Sri Lanka’s developing postcolonial environment, Suncatcher depicts the interpersonal, moral, and thoughtful aspects of adolescence.
Hasnah Mohamed, Juhazren Junaidi, Olya Dollah
Malaysia's pursuit of high-income nation status is intrinsically linked to ambitious educational reforms, driven by a suite of parallel national policy documents. Foundational texts such as the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025 (Higher Education) [MEB (HE)] and the more recent Digital Education Policy [DEP] articulate a vision for a transformed education system capable of navigating the complexities of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0). This policy landscape necessitates a new profile of teacher competencies, yet there remains a significant lack of scholarly analysis that comparatively examines how these key policies conceptualize the 'ideal teacher'. The concurrent and often overlapping nature of these documents’ risks creating implementation silos for teacher education institutions. This study addresses this gap by employing a qualitative comparative document analysis that interrogates the conceptualization of the 'ideal teacher' across Malaysia's core education policy and standards documents, revealing both strategic alignment and significant structural dissonance. Utilizing a macro-meso-micro analytical framework, the study systematically compares the national policy vision, institutional implementation requirements, and expected pedagogical practices articulated within each document. The article's primary contribution is the development of a synthesized model that identifies critical areas of convergence and divergence. By mapping these policy intersections, this analysis offers a pathway toward a more coherent and integrated national teacher competency framework, providing actionable insights for policymakers and teacher education providers.
Adi Idham Jailani, Ahmad Harith Syah Md. Yusuf, Hoo Fang Jing, Norazlina Mohamad Ayob, Sumarni Maulan
Accurate citation is important to maintain academic integrity and effective communication. Yet, many students of English as a Second Language (ESL), especially those with diploma qualification, face considerable obstacles in accurately using referencing rules, including those outlined by the American Psychological Association (APA). This study, employing mixed methods approach, explores the in-text citation habits of twenty ESL students at diploma level (CEFR B1-B2) enrolled in an English for professional communication course, examining their 600-word essays that deal with problem-solving scenarios. The investigation focused on citation rates, accuracy of citations, and patterns of integration. A total of 91 citations were found, of which only 63% were completely correct. Common mistakes include omitting years of publication, improper application of conjunctions in place of ampersand (&) in parenthetical references, and failure to effectively integrate sources within solution-oriented parts of the essay. Qualitative insights indicate that these discrepancies arise from a limited, procedural understanding of citation, viewed as a mechanical requirement rather than a strategic rhetorical skill. This study argues that direct, genre-specific instruction on citations is important to help students move from mere technical compliance to strategically using sources to build credible arguments.
Denias Muzenda, Fredy Tsurusa, Judith Mwenje, Trustmore Bekapi
The article explores the challenges faced by school administrators in implementing new projects in primary schools in Buhera District, Zimbabwe. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 103 purposively selected participants and interviews conducted with ten school administrators from 10 purposively selected schools in Buhera District. Stata 17 Software and Nvivo 12 Software were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. The study found a significant positive statistical relationship between leadership styles and project implementation and a significant negative association between political interference and project implementation. However, the relationship between stakeholder involvement and project implementation was found to be insignificant. Additional analyses of the results indicated that stakeholder involvement and leadership styles encouraged payment of fees, as the respondents opined that parents were willing to honour their fees payment obligation when they believed that the projects that the schools intended to roll out brought benefits to the entire community. However, the relationship between availability of funds, which determined the schools’ capacity to implement projects, was insignificant, which suggest that, owing to weak internal control systems, some of the school administrators corruptly misappropriated funds intended for income-generating projects. Overall, the study found that leadership styles constitute the major challenge faced by school administrators in implementing new projects.
Nur Hafizah Juhari, Puvaneswary Thanaraju
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a transformative global framework enhancing trade, infrastructure, and connectivity, significantly impacting Malaysia’s real estate sector. This study explores real estate professionals’ perspectives on BRI-driven projects through qualitative research methodology, including qualitative interviews with 25 real estate experts and relevant BRI policy reviews. It examines how infrastructure improvements, rising foreign direct investment, and enhanced connectivity influence property values and demand across residential, commercial, and industrial segments. Findings highlight BRI’s potential for sustained growth and diversification, alongside challenges like market volatility, regulatory complexities, and environmental concerns. Comparative insights from Thailand reveal similar economic and sustainability dynamics. This study offers actionable recommendations for stakeholders to foster sustainable real estate development in Malaysia, aligning with interdisciplinary social science research standards.
Chong Shin, Dilah bin Tuah, Ng Boon Sim, Pan Hui, Yao Ling
The discipline of ecolinguistics, also known as language ecology, is a field pioneered by Haugen (1972). It uses environmental ecology as a metaphor for a language's environment, focusing on key topics such as language diversity, the challenges faced by minority languages, and language preservation and loss. This paper explores the language ecology of the Bisaya, a minority ethnic group in Limbang, Sarawak. A literature review reveals that studies on the Bisaya language are very limited, and the language's vitality status remains unknown. To identify this status, the study employs interviews and observation to understand the position of Bisaya within its multilingual environment. The findings indicate that the languages present in the Bisaya language ecology are Iban, the Sarawak Malay dialect, the Brunei Malay dialect, and Colloquial Malay. Within this linguistically diverse ecology, Bisaya speakers generally master these languages for various interactional purposes. They also maintain a good command of their native Bisaya language, although signs of decline are present. The survey confirms that the Bisaya mother tongue remains the primary language of interaction within the community. Ultimately, the choice of an external language is highly dependent on the domain and the interlocutor's background.
Noel Joram Alute
This qualitative study examined university students’ awareness, socio-cultural barriers, and perceptions of institutional efficacy regarding Gender-Based Violence (GBV) support services in two universities in Mwanza, Tanzania. Anchored in an interpretivist paradigm, the study employed six focus group discussions, in-depth interviews with seven survivors, four key informant interviews with gender desk coordinators, presidents of students’ organisations and non-participant observation. The research drew on Foucault’s concept of power, the Social Ecological Model (SEM), and the Health Belief Model (HBM) to analyze findings. Results reveal a paradox: students possess broad conceptual understanding of GBV but have limited knowledge of formal support services. Socio-cultural barriers, including fear of retaliation, distrust of institutional confidentiality, internalized patriarchal norms, and inadequate infrastructure, further limit access. Survivors who engaged with support services reported generally positive experiences, though perceptions of bureaucratic inefficiency and weak action against offenders undermined broader trust. Students proposed strategies including online reporting platforms, improved service infrastructure, peer-led initiatives, and partnerships with external organizations.The study concluded that effective GBV interventions require decentralizing authority, legitimizing informal support networks, and implementing multi-tiered approaches to address structural and cultural barriers.
Anabelle T. Pantaleon, Janine Joy L. Tenerife-Cañete, Junnah P. Teo, Lilibeth C. Pinili, Randy C. Mangubat, Raymond C. Espina, Reylan G. Capuno, Veronica O. Calasang
This study assessed the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of non-Special Education (non-SpEd) teachers regarding the implementation of Inclusive Education for Learners with Special Needs at Argao National High School, Philippines, serving as a basis for a proposed action plan. Inclusive education implementation remains a critical challenge in Philippine public schools, often due to perceived underpreparedness and limited training among general education teachers. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was employed, involving 30 non-SpEd teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Weighted Mean and Pearson's r Correlation. The findings indicated that non-SpEd teachers demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge (Mean = 3.11) and held a generally positive attitude (Mean = 2.80) toward inclusive education. Notably, their actual classroom implementation was rated as highly inclusive (Mean = 3.35), suggesting a strong practical commitment despite moderate formal knowledge. Correlation analysis revealed a negative and significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (r = -0.606, p < .001), and weak, non-significant relationships between the other variables. This suggests that knowledge and attitude alone do not consistently predict the application of inclusive practices, and that external factors like administrative and resource support may be more influential. The study proposes a School-Based Strengthening of Inclusive Education Implementation action plan, titled "EmpowerED: Inclusive Teaching Initiative," to provide structured professional development and peer mentoring to bridge knowledge gaps and ensure consistent, high-quality inclusive strategies across the school.
Jamiah Manap, Nor Azzatunnisak Mohd Khatib, Nur Izzati Omar, Salina Nen
In Malaysia, ideas about womanhood are still closely tied to motherhood, yet a growing number of young women are beginning to question this expectation. This study explores how young Malaysian women in their early twenties understand and articulate their aspiration to remain childfree. Using a phenomenological approach, six unmarried women aged 23–24 were recruited through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were analysed thematically. The participants described several reasons for leaning toward a childfree future, including the desire for personal autonomy, concerns about financial readiness, mental and emotional capacity, and the wish to focus on early career development. They also reflected on how cultural and gendered expectations shaped their thinking. Many shared experiences of stigma and pressure from family and the broader community, where motherhood is often viewed as a natural or expected milestone for women. Despite these challenges, participants saw their childfree inclination as a way to protect their well-being and maintain control over their life choices. Overall, the study sheds light on how young women navigate the tension between personal aspirations and traditional norms in Malaysia’s pronatalist environment. By centring their lived experiences, the findings contribute to broader discussions on reproductive autonomy, shifting gender expectations, and the evolving meaning of womanhood in contemporary Malaysian society.
Agnes Kanyan, Noor Emma Shamsuddin, Siti Farah Lajim
This paper examines the essential practices for nurturing and maintaining customer relationships in the foodservice industry. Drawing on an instrument developed from a multi-method study and empirical literature, the study identifies four core relationship-marketing dimensions, trust, communication, empathy, and commitment, and tests their influence on customer loyalty. A validated 31 item scale was developed and subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses across a representative sample of Malaysian foodservice patrons (fine dining, fast-food, coffee shops and hawker centres). The results show that all four dimensions positively relate to loyalty, with trust and communication emerging as the strongest predictors. Managerial implications focus on service consistency, tailored communication (including digital touchpoints), employee empathy training and commitment mechanisms to secure repeat patronage. Recommendations for future research include cross-country validation, digital relationship extensions, and longitudinal tracking of relationship investments and lifetime value.
Hanzen D. Tomatao, Joseph C. Cuenca, Sheilmar P. Damason
Language is a medium of communication and a powerful tool for social interaction and cognitive development which is crucial among young learners. This study explores the use of the English language among preschool learners in one private elementary school. A case study approach was employed, involving seven participants: three preschoolers, one teacher, and three parents, selected through purposive sampling. One-on-one interviews were conducted using a researcher- made interview guide. Yin’s five components of an effective case study (1) research questions, (2) proposition or purpose of the study, (3) unit analysis, (4) logic that linked data to propositions, and (5) criteria for interpreting findings. were used to analyze the interview transcripts. The findings revealed two major themes: effective strategies in promoting language learning specifically the use of technology and multimedia, teacher-facilitated language practice, and interactive and collaborative learning environment, and the home-based support provided by parents and siblings, including the provision of learning resources and facilitating code switching. The study highlighted that blended classroom strategies, parental support, and peer interactions enhance the language learning of young learners. Therefore, the study conclude that effective teaching strategies integrated with technology and multimedia learning materials will aide the preschool teacher to promote the use of English language. Active parental involvement and support also promotes language development, confidence, and classroom engagement. It is recommended that teachers continue to integrate technology with face-to-face interactions to combine the advantages of digital tools with personal engagement. Parents and guardians are encouraged to actively support and guide their child’s English language learning through various home-based initiatives.
Emmanuel Kodzo Manche, Emmanuel Osei Sarpong, Richmond Stephen Sorkpor
Nutrition knowledge and dietary practices are tools for improving athletic performance, fostering recovery, and promoting overall health. Although, it is prudent for athletes to make informed food choices before, during and after training or competition, nutrition knowledge and dietary practices of student athletes have been understudied. Therefore, the study assessed nutrition knowledge and dietary practices among athletes in Colleges of Education in the Volta Region of Ghana. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design. The population consisted of a total of 330 athletes where a census technique was used for the study. Data was collected using questionnaire. The study revealed high level of nutrition knowledge among participants (N=277, 100%). Majority of the participants always ate breakfast, drank water, and occasionally consumed fruits. Cost, time, and family feeding influenced dietary practices among majority of the participants. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference (p =.359) in dietary practices among male and female participants. The study concluded that cost, time, and family feeding influences dietary practices among participants. Therefore, it has been recommended that management in Colleges of Education should put in measures to help athletes deal with these concerns throughout their nutritional practices.
Dr Tsering Yangzom
Traditionally, agriculture and animal husbandry have been the primary sources of livelihood for tribal communities, particularly in rural and remote regions. However, over the years, there has been a noticeable shift in the occupational structure of tribal households. The study aims to examine the patterns of occupations among tribal households of present Ladakh. The study was part of the research project funded by University of Jammu under the Seed and Research grant. The sample size of the study is 500 scheduled tribe household heads, that is 414 from rural areas and 86 from urban areas of Ladakh. The study reveals that 88.4 percent of the sampled households obtained livelihood from non-traditional based economic activities and it further reveals that most of the heads are self-employed, primarily as own-account workers. A sector-wise analysis indicates that rural tribal heads predominantly rely their livelihood from rent, pensions, or remittances, while those in urban areas are mainly engaged in regular salaried employment. At the same time, a huge chunk of heads is into casual labour work as well. Thus, the policy suggestion is, introduce targeted employment guarantee schemes and rural infrastructure projects to provide stable and year-round work opportunities for casual labourers for remote areas like Durbuk and Nyoma.
Mazlifah Mansoor, Mazlina Mohamad Mangsor, Noraiza Abdul Rahman
The accelerated growth of online engineering has amplified both possibilities and risks for children in a digital environment. In 2024-2025, Malaysia has inaugurated legal transformations with the enactment of Cyber Security Act 2024 and Online Safety Act 2025; and the amendment of Communications and Multimedia (Amendment) Act 2025, Penal Code (Amendment) 2025, and Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024. The main purpose is to enhance protections facing harmful content and digital exploitation. This paper aims to examine the extent of the online safeguards for child safety under the newly introduced digital legislation in Malaysia and to compare them to those of the Australian Online Safety Act 2021 and the United Kingdom Online Safety Act 2023. The paper concludes that Malaysia should consider few highly effective initiatives impose in the Australian and the UK digital regimes including an integrated regulatory authority, risk assessments specific for children safety and stringent take down rules to be closer with international standards and practices in online child protection.
Kwanele Booi, Marius Simons, Wandile Mangcengeza
This article explores how undergraduate online mathematics classrooms at South African universities function as performative spaces shaped by visibility, role expectations, and social accountability. The sudden shift to digital learning platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed logistical and infrastructural gaps, raising important questions about identity, participation, and maintaining classroom order. Although the transition to remote teaching was often seen as a technological or pedagogical challenge, this research approaches it from a sociological perspective by analysing the subtle ways in which order is preserved in digitally mediated environments. Using the frameworks of Erving Goffman's dramaturgical sociology and Harold Garfinkel's ethnomethodology, the study examines how lecturers and students in online mathematics classrooms perform, manage, and interpret social interactions through platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and institutional learning management systems. Based on data from three South African universities—including video recordings, chat logs, WhatsApp group conversations, interviews, and fieldnotes—the research identifies key interaction patterns: self-presentation strategies, repair routines following breaches of background expectancies, and backstage cooperation among students to sustain participation. The findings indicate that these classrooms are more than simple channels for delivering content; they are socially dynamic environments where meaning, legitimacy, and accountability are co-constructed in real-time. The study also highlights the complex emotional labour and identity negotiations involved in engagement by students and lecturers, especially under pressures such as exposure, technological surveillance, and asynchronous misunderstandings. Viewing online mathematics classrooms as performatively and interactionally structured, the article calls for a broader re-evaluation of digital pedagogy that extends beyond mere access and assessment to focus on the everyday micro-practices that uphold educational meaning and order.
Addley Bromeo Bianus, Mohammad Puad Bebit, Mu Bo, Sun Xuejie
The forward and reverse knife technique is the core method used in black pottery carving, yet traditional carving tools are mostly handcrafted by artisans using improvised materials, often resulting in poor ergonomics and low efficiency. To address these issues, this study develops an improved carving tool aimed at enhancing both comfort and productivity. A pressure-based reverse engineering experiment was conducted to analyze the distribution of hand pressure during carving, providing quantitative data for ergonomic optimization. Based on the operational requirements of the forward and reverse knife techniques and the habitual postures of artisans, the handle’s curvature and grip form were refined to better fit the natural contours of the hand. The optimized handle effectively distributes and alleviates pressure on the palm and fingers during prolonged use, minimizing fatigue and reducing the risk of hand strain. Overall, the improved tool design not only enhances carving efficiency and operational stability but also contributes to the sustainable protection of artisans’ hand health, offering a practical reference for ergonomic tool innovation in traditional handicrafts.
Nomahaza Mahadi, Siti Azreen Habeeb Rahuman, Teoh Mooi Shan
This paper examines how Lean; Six Sigma and their combined application contribute to better performance and service quality in healthcare organisations. Lean helps streamline processes and reduce unnecessary work, while Six Sigma strengthens accuracy and consistency, making both approaches useful for addressing the long-standing issues of delays, variation, and resource pressure in healthcare settings. When used together, they create a structured path for improving patient flow, safety and overall efficiency. The review also highlights the strong influence of leadership, noting that leaders who communicate clearly, encourage staff involvement and support continuous learning are better able to sustain improvement efforts. Although challenges such as cultural resistance and limited resources often slow adoption, the findings show that committed leadership and well-planned implementation can make Lean and Six Sigma effective tools for long term change. The paper concludes by pointing to emerging opportunities where continuous improvement can be linked with digital innovation and sustainability to meet the evolving demands of modern healthcare.
Abdul Raimi Abd Kadir, Azmi Ab Manan, Mohd Azroy Ag Rajak, Mohd Tajuzzaman Hassanor, Siti Maisarah Amdan
The Malaysian construction industry, a vital pillar of the national economy, is characterised by intense competition and market saturation, creating a precarious operating environment for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). A significant contributor to the high failure rate among these contractors is the chronic deficiency of effective teamwork within organizational structures. This study aims to establish a robust framework of best practices to enhance teamwork performance, thereby fostering resilience and long-term sustainability. Employing a quantitative methodology, data was collected via a structured questionnaire survey distributed to 67 G5-class contractors in the Klang Valley, Malaysia's primary construction hub. The research was structured in three phases: first, establishing the theoretical underpinnings of team formation via Tuckman's model; second, diagnosing critical impediments to teamwork; and third, formulating and validating a set of best practices. Findings reveal that the most critical barriers are multifaceted: personal ego at the individual level, a lack of leader motivation and enablement at the management level, and the pervasive "over-the-wall" syndrome at the cultural level. The study culminates in a hierarchy of 17 inter-related best practices. The top-tier strategies advocate for a synergistic approach: leadership must proactively motivate teamwork (management), individuals must be prepared to embrace behavioural change (individual), and a culture of open communication must be institutionalized (cultural). The study concludes that optimizing teamwork is not a unilateral responsibility but a tripartite commitment requiring initiated leadership, adopted individual change, and a sustained collaborative culture. This research provides an actionable, evidence-based roadmap for SME contractors to transform their operational dynamics, enhancing their competitive advantage and sustainability in an unforgiving market.
Honorio C. Anora, Janine Joy L. Tenerife-Cañete, John Louie G. Arcipe, Lilibeth C. Pinili, Randy C. Mangubat, Raymond C. Espina, Reylan G. Capuno, Veronica O. Calasang
This study investigates the effects of professional development on teaching competencies among Special Education teachers in selected schools in the Division of Cebu Province during School Year 2025-2026. Using a descriptive-correlational design, the research examined teacher demographics, professional development knowledge, effectiveness in implementing Individualized Education Programs, encountered challenges, and the relationship between professional development knowledge and teaching competence. Data collection was conducted through survey questionnaires distributed to educators across six participating institutions, with subsequent analysis performed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The findings characterized the respondent group as predominantly female, within the 34-38 age range, possessing Master's degrees, specializing in General Special Education, maintaining over a decade of professional experience, and demonstrating consistent participation in division-level training programs. Teachers demonstrated high professional development knowledge and strong IEP implementation effectiveness, particularly in strategy adaptation. Identified challenges included restricted access to competency-focused training and inadequate support systems. The analysis demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between professional development knowledge and teaching competence, substantiating that increased knowledge directly enhances IEP implementation effectiveness. The study concludes that professional development programs substantially strengthen Special Education teachers' competencies and recommends implementing enhancement plans, sustaining professional development engagement, reinforcing administrative support, and conducting further research on long-term professional development outcomes.
Belvis, Gilbert C, Gumarac, Madelyn R, Mendieta, Edcelsa P
This study explored the predictive relationship between organizational culture, organizational commitment, and school climate on teacher absenteeism in Philippine public secondary schools. Employing a quantitative correlational design, data were gathered from 320 teachers across three schools in Iloilo’s fourth district. Standardized instruments assessed organizational culture (current and preferred), commitment, and school climate, while absenteeism was measured through self-reported monthly absences. Descriptive findings revealed that the prevailing organizational culture leaned toward Clan and Adhocracy types at moderate levels, emphasizing collaboration and flexibility, while Market and Hierarchy cultures were rated low. In contrast, the preferred culture indicated a shift toward Market orientation, suggesting a desire for greater performance and accountability. Organizational commitment was consistently high across affective, continuance, and normative dimensions, reflecting strong emotional attachment, perceived costs of leaving, and a sense of obligation among teachers. School climate was perceived as highly positive, characterized by supportive leadership, very high professional behavior, and strong achievement press. Despite these favorable organizational indicators, absenteeism patterns showed variability: some teachers reported one day of absence per month, others two days, and a smaller group four or more days, indicating that a minority remains at risk. Pearson’s r correlations revealed no significant relationships between absenteeism and organizational variables, and multiple regression analysis confirmed that none of the predictors significantly explained absenteeism, although school climate approached significance. These findings suggest that absenteeism may be influenced more by personal, health-related, or systemic factors than by organizational dynamics alone. The study underscores the need for integrated interventions that combine organizational strategies with personal, and policy-level supports to improve teacher attendance and sustain educational quality. Future research should incorporate broader variables and longitudinal designs to capture the complex interplay of factors affecting absenteeism.
Rajapakse R.W.D.N.K, Wijewardene L
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has evolved significantly over the past few years and has been a key deciding factor for the effectiveness of the global education system. For Sri Lanka, the education system has been evolving with the advancements in ICT since the 1980s, following the launch of the distance learning mode introduced by the Open University. However, the arrival of COVID-19 challenged the prevalent face-to-face teaching since remote learning had not been the common type practiced in many local tertiary-level institutes. The main requirement for online teaching has been resources and their practical use for online learning. Thus, the present study compares the firsthand experience of 225 undergraduates representing the state and nonstate sectors, concerning resources and their overall impact on their English language learning. The data was gathered via an online questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. Once analyzed, the findings of the study imply that most of the undergraduates of both universities have been exposed to several resources when learning English online, causing their stimulation and development of their language competency, mainly in reading and writing, along with grammar and vocabulary. However, it is statistically evident that this academic satisfaction is negatively affected due to specific difficulties, concerning network connection, inadequate training, minimal exposure to LMS, and one video conferencing platform, and most importantly, poor attention paid to developing the learners’ speaking skills via the available resources.
Amir Faisal bin Ahamed Latfi, Nur Kamarul Hafiz bin Jamil
Parental involvement is widely acknowledged as a critical determinant of student academic success, yet its impact varies across cultural and socio-economic contexts. This conceptual paper explores the relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement within Malaysian primary education, drawing on Epstein’s Theory of Overlapping Spheres of Influence as the theoretical foundation. The paper conceptualizes parental involvement through three dimensions; home-based activities, school-based participation, and parent-teacher communication and examines how socio-economic status and parental education level moderate these relationships. By integrating these contextual factors, the study proposes a framework that explains variability in parental engagement and its influence on learning outcomes. This work contributes to theory by extending Epstein’s model to a non-Western setting and incorporating moderating variables that reflect socio-cultural realities. Practically, the proposed framework offers insights for educators and policymakers to design targeted parental engagement strategies that promote equity and reduce achievement gaps. The paper concludes by outlining implications for future research and policy development aimed at fostering effective family-school partnerships in diverse educational environments.
Faasema Ngutor Ezekiel
This study examines pathways to harmony in Nigeria by analysing the twin interplay of intercultural and interreligious violence, with a specific focus on targeted attacks against Christian communities. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative analysis of conflict datasets from 2019 to 2025, including the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), International Crisis Group, and Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) with qualitative thematic evaluation of government reports, media accounts and scholarly literature. Guided by Intergroup Threat Theory, the study identifies both realistic threats such as competition over land, resources, and political representation and symbolic threats like challenges to cultural and religious identity as central drivers of intergroup hostility. Empirical findings reveal a consistent escalation in violence, with recorded incidents targeting Christian populations rising from 420 in 2019 to 810 in 2025, and estimated fatalities increasing from 2,110 to 3,470 over the same period. The study further documents associated displacement patterns, regional hotspots and attacks on religious institutions, highlighting the systemic vulnerability of affected communities. Based on these findings, evidence-informed strategic interventions including strengthened institutional protection, interreligious dialogue, early-warning systems and cooperative economic initiatives are proposed as pragmatic pathways to mitigating intergroup conflict. The research contributes a comprehensive, data-driven framework for understanding and addressing Nigeria’s interreligious and intercultural divides, offering actionable insights for policymakers, security agencies, and peacebuilding stakeholders.
Muhammad Sam Aswad Basri, Nor Masharah Husain
This study examines the extent of smartphone utilization for mobile learning (m-learning) among university students. The objectives of the research are to identify the level of smartphone use for learning purposes, to explore students’ perceptions of smartphones as m-learning tools, and to determine the frequency and manner in which smartphones support learning activities. A quantitative survey design was employed, with data collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents actively use smartphones to support various aspects of m-learning, including accessing learning materials, engaging in online tasks, and communicating with instructors and peers. Overall, the results suggest that smartphones play a significant role in facilitating mobile learning and are widely accepted as a flexible, accessible learning aid. This study highlights the potential of smartphones to enhance teaching and learning in higher education and provides insights that may inform future development of mobile-based learning strategies.
Fathin Insyirah Khairul Rijal, Nur Shahirah Mior Shariffuddin
Islamic tourism extends far beyond the provision of halal food, it represents a holistic travel experience that enables Muslims to fulfil their religious responsibilities, including observing prayer times, maintaining modesty in recreational activities, and avoiding prohibited elements such as alcohol, gambling, and unethical entertainment. Within this setting, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) serves as a robust and widely applied framework for understanding behavioral intention. According to TPB, intention is influenced by three core components: attitude toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC). In this conceptual paper, PBC is the central focus. It refers to an individual’s perception of their capability to perform a behavior, shaped by both internal competencies and external situational constraints. Although related to self-efficacy, PBC encompasses a broader range of factors, including environmental facilitators or barriers that may affect the ease or difficulty of performing the behavior. In the context of Islamic tourism, high perceived behavioral control strengthens Muslim travelers’ intentions, whereas low PBC can considerably undermine them. For instance, when travelers anticipate challenges such as insufficient halal food options, limited prayer facilities, or logistical difficulties in upholding religious duties, their intention to travel may diminish even if they hold positive attitudes toward the destination or receive social encouragement. PBC in Islamic tourism can be understood through three interrelated components: self-efficacy, controllability, and resource availability. Together, these dimensions provide a comprehensive lens for examining how Muslim travelers evaluate their ability to participate in Shariah-compliant travel. This conceptual exploration offers valuable insights for advancing theory and guiding practical efforts to enhance the Islamic tourism experience.
Adam Daka, Gladys Matandiko, Prof. Francis Simui, Prof. Gistered Muleya
This study explores the perceived benefits and social impacts of integrating civic virtues in Zambian society, with a focus on Kanyama and Mandevu constituencies in Lusaka. Guided by an integrated theoretical framework combining Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and Communitarianism, the research investigates how civic virtues are acquired, reinforced, and practised within urban communities. Using a qualitative study approach and a phenomenological case study design, a sample size of 25 was arrived at using purposive and homogeneous sampling in order to gain a deeper understanding of their lived experiences in benefiting from civic virtues. Data were collected through focus group discussions with teachers and interviews with Neighbourhood Watch members. Thematic analysis helped to arrive at the study findings. The findings reveal that civic virtues, such as transparency, accountability, respect for human rights, and patriotism, are cultivated through observational learning, role modelling, and community engagement. Participants emphasized that civic virtue integration promotes social cohesion, good governance, economic development, and a culture of inclusivity. Neighbourhood Watch programs emerged as key mechanisms for reinforcing civic behaviour by fostering trust. For policymakers and educators, the study highlights the need to invest in community-based civic education initiatives that leverage local leadership and participatory structures. Future research should explore the longitudinal impacts of civic virtue programs and examine how digital platforms might complement traditional modes of civic learning.
Leonsio Matagi
The main objective of this study was to examine the relationships between perceived organizational support (POS), organizational commitment (OC) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB); and to determine whether POS or OC predict OCB among secondary school teachers. This study employed a quantitative study approach utilizing a correlational design to measure relationships between variables. Study population included secondary school teachers from both public and private secondary schools in Wakiso and Luwero districts. A total of 280 teachers was selected using multistage sampling. A Self-administered Questionnaire was used to collect data from participants. Descriptive data was analyzed and presented using frequency tables and percentages. Relationships between variables were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Linear Regression analysis was utilized to find out the prediction role between variables. Results indicated that POS was found to be positively and significantly related to OC; OC was found to be negatively and not significantly related to OCB; POS was found to be negatively but significantly related to OCB; and POS was found to be a best predictor of OCB. Whereas POS is directly related to OC and OCB, OC was found not to be related to OCB, justifying why POS was found to be the best predictor of OCB. It was established POS is significantly related to OC; an implication that POS influences OC among secondary school teachers. The fact that there was no relationship found between OC and OCB, any change in teachers’ commitment does not influence teacher OCB. POS was found to be negatively but significantly related to OCB, meaning that teachers’ POS influences teacher OCB. Therefore, school administrators and other key stakeholders ought to support their teachers (POS) in an effort to improve their OCB. Equally, teachers ought to always value their fellow teachers while utilizing different approaches to foster teacher OCB.
Christyl R. Nano, Jose F. Cuevas Jr., Joseph Alexander P. Paghasian, Samuel C. Colango Jr., Steward Ditche, Teopisto Yray Culanag Jr.
This study investigates the impact of closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras on perceptions of safety and crime deterrence in business establishments. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were gathered from 120 purposively selected respondents, including business owners, employees, and regular customers of establishments equipped with CCTV systems. Three researcher-made questionnaires were utilized to measure perceptions of safety, perceived crime deterrence, and the presence of CCTV cameras. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to determine perception levels, while Pearson’s correlation assessed the relationships among variables. Findings revealed that the presence of CCTV cameras significantly influences stakeholders’ perceptions of safety and crime deterrence in commercial areas. Perceived safety was strongly associated with personal security, fear reduction, and awareness of surveillance, while perceived crime deterrence was linked to increased reporting, reduced theft and burglary, and minimized property damage. Moreover, the visibility, functionality, and strategic placement of CCTV systems were vital in shaping these perceptions. The study concludes that CCTV cameras not only serve as tools for evidence collection but also foster a psychological sense of security that enhances customer confidence and supports business sustainability.
Penda Annie, Siachunka Hellen
This study was qualitative and used a case study design and data was collected using qualitative methods. Thus, the instruments for data collected included the unstructured interview guide, focus group discussions and document study. The sample size consisted of 20 participants who were six learners with hearing impairment, four Design and technology teachers, two sign language interpreters, head of department (HOD), administrators and six parents of learners with hearing impairment. The study discovered that most of the learners with hearing impairment performance were on average in design and technology studies. The average performance was attributed to theory component of the study which learners have performed poorly in the academic career pathway. The study also revealed that sign language interpreter should always be available in an inclusive class. The study found that resources for use during a practical lesson were not enough and hence had an impact on the performance of learners with hearing impairment in design and technology studies. Communication between teachers and learners with hearing impairment was another challenge, which was revealed in the study. Learners with hearing impairment were subjected sometimes to learn in class without a sign language interpreter, which was against the inclusive education policy of not leaving anyone behind. However, the study found that, design and technology studies has the capacity to prepare learners for developing skills for navigating life problems, future training and employment. Recommendations were that there is need to train more teachers with special education with a combination of design and technology studies as a teaching subject.
Dr. Edgar B. Manubag
This study evaluates the performance of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE) graduates from Notre Dame of Dadiangas University (NDDU) in the Civil Engineers’ Licensure Examinations conducted from November 2008 to November 2017. The primary objective is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the graduates in specific licensure exam subjects, analyze trends in passing rates across different batches, and propose strategies to improve future performance. The study utilized secondary data from official university records, including mean board ratings, subject-specific performance, and overall pass/fail outcomes. The findings revealed that Mathematics and Structural Design and Construction Engineering were consistently challenging subjects for NDDU graduates, while Hydraulics and Geotechnical Engineering showed stronger performance. The study also found that the mean passing percentage varied significantly between first-time takers and repeaters, with first-time takers generally performing better. However, the overall passing percentage of NDDU graduates was lower when repeaters were included, underscoring the need for improved support for these students.
Ayu Kamareenna Abdullah Thani, Nurhidayah Rosely
This study examines the relationship between person-organization fit (POF) and task performance among Muslim government servants with Myasthenia Gravis (MG) in Perak, with work involvement as a moderating variable. MG is a chronic neuromuscular disorder that causes muscle weakness and fatigue, often affecting employees’ ability to sustain task performance. Understanding how organizational alignment influences performance among individuals with such conditions is crucial for effective workforce management. A total of 320 questionnaires were distributed through the Malaysia MG Support Group, and 275 valid responses were analyzed using SPSS. Reliability tests showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: POF = 0.92, Task Performance = 0.89, Work Involvement = 0.91). Correlation results indicated significant positive relationships among all variables. Regression analysis revealed that POF significantly predicts task performance (β = 0.58, p < 0.001), and work involvement positively moderates this relationship (β = 0.24, p < 0.01).
Firdaus Ramli, Shahriza Ilyana Ramli, Tunku Nashril-Abaidah
Human trafficking remains one of the most pressing global challenges, violating fundamental human rights and undermining social, legal, and political systems worldwide. Despite the establishment of international instruments such as the Palermo Protocol, responses to trafficking continue to suffer from fragmented policy implementation, weak institutional capacity, and inconsistent collaboration among agencies. These gaps highlight the urgent need to examine how institutional frameworks and multi-agency collaborations can be more effectively aligned to combat trafficking. This study aims to analyse the research landscape on policy coordination in combating human trafficking, with particular emphasis on institutional frameworks and collaborative governance mechanisms. Using a systematic review approach supported by Scopus AI Analytics, the study employed a structured search strategy and advanced bibliometric tools to identify, categorize, and synthesize literature published up to September 2025. The analysis generated summaries, expanded summaries, concept maps, topic expert profiles, and emerging themes, offering a comprehensive overview of the field. The findings reveal consistent themes emphasizing the importance of international and national policy coordination, rising themes such as the role of healthcare professionals and collaborative governance in prevention, and novel themes including social rehabilitation, economic empowerment of survivors, and the prevention of organ trafficking. Prominent scholars were identified as shaping the discourse on cross-sector collaboration and systemic change. Theoretically, the study contributes to governance and human rights perspectives by situating trafficking within multidimensional frameworks, while practically, it underscores the importance of resource allocation, inter-agency trust, and survivor-centred interventions. Limitations include reliance on Scopus-indexed publications and abstract-based analysis, but these are offset by the study’s broad coverage and analytical depth. The review concludes that future research should expand empirical evaluations of collaborative practices and explore interdisciplinary approaches to address emerging challenges.
Leomil Jay Duran
This study investigated the potential for machine learning (ML) and educational data mining (EDM) capabilities in predicting retention and dropout rates at Cronasia Foundation College Inc. (CFCI). Predicting student persistence is a founding element of improving and enabling retention efforts in higher education institutions. However, understanding what contributes to retention and dropout still presents complications. Hence, this study crafted predictive models via the analysis of historical academic records, levels of engagement, socio-economic level, and psychological components and examined a dataset of 9,100 student records (75% training and 25% testing). According to the performance of the models analyzed using a total of five machine learning classifiers (Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, Neural Networks, and Logistic Regression), and the models have been analyzed using F1-score, recall, accuracy, and precision. The accuracy from the models we analyzed from the highest being the model that was Neural Network with 80.42%, which had precision of 0.840, recall of 0.895, and F1-score of 0.867 for retention (Class 0); and precision of 0.692, recall of 0.582, and an F1-score of 0.632 for dropout (Class 1). Random Forest and Decision Tree had similar accuracy with Random Forest's accuracy being 79.90% with an F1-score for dropout of 0.622, and Decision Tree's accuracy was 80.58%. Logistic regression performed with the lowest accuracy of 73.98%, and had poor recall associated with dropout; inducing action for a number of academic leaders to begin intervening and take responsibility in helping retain students prior to their exit point, or after their first semester. The study found that retention was most strongly related to important variables such as intrinsic academic performance, attendance, and scholarship status. The results of the study can aid in data-based decision-making in higher education by helping institutions develop focused programs to increase retention and decrease dropout.
Anis-Farahwahida M.K, Azni Syafena Andin Salamat
Mental Health Literacy (MHL) is increasingly recognised as a critical foundation for promoting psychological well-being among young adults, yet its predictors remain insufficiently examined among graduating university students in Malaysia. This conceptual paper synthesises current empirical evidence and theoretical perspectives to position MHL as a multidimensional construct shaped by individual knowledge, attitudes toward help-seeking, stigma, social support, and institutional accessibility to mental health resources. Existing literature indicates that while students may recognise mental health problems, gaps persist in procedural literacy and confidence to navigate available support systems, particularly within cultural contexts where stigma and confidentiality concerns remain prevalent. Drawing on contemporary help-seeking and behavioural models, this paper argues that MHL develops through the interaction of cognitive, emotional, and contextual determinants rather than isolated informational factors. Despite growing research interest, major gaps remain, including limited focus on final-year students, insufficient multivariable predictive analyses, and the absence of longitudinal evidence tracking changes in MHL during the transition to the workforce. This paper proposes a refined conceptual understanding of the predictors of MHL and highlights theoretical and practical implications for Malaysian higher education institutions. Strengthening institutional support systems, integrating stigma-reduction initiatives, and improving the clarity of service pathways are vital for enhancing help-seeking behaviour among graduating students. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research to explore mediating and moderating mechanisms, adopt mixed-method or longitudinal designs, and evaluate integrated mental health interventions tailored to culturally specific needs.
Ara L. Barlizo, RM, RN, MAN, Marjorie R. Andalis, RM, RN, MAN, LPT, Robert B. Laut, RN, MAN, Ronald C. Abaño, RN, MAN, Windy M. Luzon, RM, RN, MAN
The study's primary focus is to identify the predictors of performance in the Philippine Nurses Licensure Examination (PNLE) among University of Saint Anthony (USANT) Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) graduates from 2018 to 2021 and propose interventions to enhance performance for prospective candidates. It addresses issues such as Professional Regulation Commission records for first-timers, repeaters, overall performance, academic performance in Anatomy and Physiology, English, Nursing Care Management (NCM) theory, and Related Learning Experience (RLE), and the correlation between academic performance and performance in the PNLE.
Aquilah N. Cadiente, Charmiel S. Rosauro, Louie D. Mesias, Marian G. Escultura, Niño Durero, Oscar S. Recto Jr., Warren C. Congreso
Student dropout remains a critical issue in Senior High School, particularly among learners facing social, family, school-related, and cultural challenges. This study employed a quantitative-descriptive design using a validated survey questionnaire administered to 41 purposively selected Students-at-Risk of Dropping Out (SARDO) at Dapa National High School for SY 2025–2026. Results revealed that all four dimensions showed a high level of influence on dropout risk—social (M = 2.93), family (M = 3.02), school-related (M = 3.00), and cultural (M = 2.96)—with family factors receiving the highest rating. ANOVA findings showed significant differences across all factors when grouped by age (p ≤ 0.012) and a significant difference in family factors when grouped by sex (p = 0.0106). Pearson’s r demonstrated significant positive correlations among all variables, the strongest being between social and cultural factors (r = 0.740, p < .001). These results indicate that dropout risk is multidimensional and interconnected, emphasizing the need for a holistic intervention. The study concludes by proposing Project STAY, a targeted support program aimed at strengthening academic engagement, family involvement, and cultural inclusion to reduce dropout among SARDOs.
Anis Marjan Azmimurad, Nik Rahila Wan Ibrahim, Wirda Syaheera Sulaiman
This study examines the prepositional errors produced by MUET Band 3 undergraduates at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia using an error analysis framework. A written test adapted from various books was administered to 30 Malay L1 respondents. A total of 354 prepositional errors were identified and analysed across spatial (place, position, direction) and temporal (time) categories. Errors were classified into subtypes of wrong selection, omission, and unnecessary insertion. Findings show an almost equal distribution between spatial (50.8%) and temporal (49.2%) errors, with wrong selection accounting for 94% of all errors. The prominence of these errors indicates strong L1 transfer influences and incomplete mastery of English prepositional systems, which differ significantly from Malay. The study provides pedagogical implications for English language instructors in Malaysia, highlighting the need for focused instruction on prepositional usage and cross-linguistic contrasts.
Dr. Amjad Iqbal Burq, Maheen Ashfaq, Nihaal Fatima, Sania Bibi
Background: Myopia is a rapidly increasing refractive error worldwide, particularly affecting young adults engaged in intensive near-work. Medical students are considered a high-risk group due to prolonged study hours, high screen exposure, and limited outdoor activity. Objective: To assess the prevalence, risk factors, symptoms, and awareness of myopia among undergraduate medical students in Sialkot. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September, 2025 at Islam Medical College, Sialkot Medical College, and Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College. A total of 201 students from MBBS, BDS, DPharm, and DPT programs were selected using random sampling method. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire covering demographics, myopia status, symptoms, family history, screen time, outdoor activity, and awareness of preventive measures. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 29.
Allan Kuria, David Kamau Mwai, Lucy Wanjiku Musili
Fraudulent activities often undermine institutional stability, erode customer confidence, and damage reputations among players in the banking sector. In Kenya, commercial banks lose approximately Ksh. 13 billion annually to fraud despite substantial investments in internal control systems and fraud prevention technologies. This study examined the effect of preventive fraud risk management practices (FRMP) on fraud incidence among commercial banks in Kenya between 2020 and 2024. Anchored on the Fraud Management Life Cycle Theory (FMLCT), the study adopted a causal research design and a quantitative approach. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from 168 senior officers drawn from 28 randomly selected commercial banks in Nairobi, Kenya. Correlation and simple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 28. Results revealed a weak but significant negative relationship between preventive FRMP and fraud incidence (β = -0.405, p = .022, R² = .046). Key preventive practices like audit committee empowerment, customer due diligence, fraud prevention training, and staff rotation were found to moderately reduce fraud occurrences in commercial banks. The study concludes that preventive FRMP are essential but insufficient in isolation; their effectiveness depends on integration with other measures within a strong organizational risk culture. It recommends strengthening audit committees, enhancing fraud awareness training, and leveraging emerging technologies such as AI and data analytics to reinforce preventive measures and minimize fraud risks in the banking sector.
Allan Kuria, David Kamau Mwai, Lucy Wanjiku Musili
Fraudulent activities often undermine institutional stability, erode customer confidence, and damage reputations among players in the banking sector. In Kenya, commercial banks lose approximately Ksh. 13 billion annually to fraud despite substantial investments in internal control systems and fraud prevention technologies. This study examined the effect of preventive fraud risk management practices (FRMP) on fraud incidence among commercial banks in Kenya between 2020 and 2024. Anchored on the Fraud Management Life Cycle Theory (FMLCT), the study adopted a causal research design and a quantitative approach. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from 168 senior officers drawn from 28 randomly selected commercial banks in Nairobi, Kenya. Correlation and simple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 28. Results revealed a weak but significant negative relationship between preventive FRMP and fraud incidence (β = -0.405, p = .022, R² = .046). Key preventive practices like audit committee empowerment, customer due diligence, fraud prevention training, and staff rotation were found to moderately reduce fraud occurrences in commercial banks. The study concludes that preventive FRMP are essential but insufficient in isolation; their effectiveness depends on integration with other measures within a strong organizational risk culture. It recommends strengthening audit committees, enhancing fraud awareness training, and leveraging emerging technologies such as AI and data analytics to reinforce preventive measures and minimize fraud risks in the banking sector.
Hanita Hanim Ismail, Kong Ming Yien, Melor Md Yunus
This study explores Malaysian primary school English teachers’ perceptions of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to support pupils’ speaking practice. Although AI integration is accelerating globally, research focusing specifically on AI-supported speaking instruction in primary ESL classrooms remains limited. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study examines both the perceived opportunities and challenges of AI integration with emphasis on how teachers evaluate the usefulness, ease of use and overall applicability of AI tools such as ChatGPT in developing young learners’ speaking skills. A mixed-methods survey design was employed involving 60 English teachers from public primary schools in Selangor. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics to identify trends in teachers’ perceptions of AI’s pedagogical benefits and limitations while qualitative data from open-ended responses were analysed thematically to provide deeper insights into teachers’ experiences. Findings indicate that teachers view AI as a highly valuable resource for enhancing oral proficiency, offering instant and personalised feedback, reducing pupils’ speaking anxiety and creating engaging, interactive learning environments. Teachers also highlighted that AI expands opportunities for self-paced practice beyond the classroom, especially for shy or low-confidence learners. Despite these benefits, significant challenges emerged. Teachers expressed concerns about unreliable internet connectivity, limited device availability, inaccurate speech recognition especially for young children’s voices, insufficient training, data privacy issues and pupils’ potential overreliance on AI-generated responses. These challenges highlight the need for stronger infrastructure support, targeted professional development, curriculum-aligned AI content and clear ethical guidelines. Overall, the study underscores the promising role of AI as a complementary tool for supporting speaking development in Malaysian primary ESL settings while emphasising the systemic and pedagogical considerations required for sustainable implementation.
Hanita Hanim Ismail, Lu You Zhen, Melor Md Yunus
The incorporation of AI-driven tools in ELT has transformed educational practices by offering personalised learning opportunities, yet their application in primary schools remains underexplored, especially in Malaysia. This study aims to examine primary ESL teachers’ practices, attitudes and challenges related to the use of AIdriven tools in their teaching and learning. Despite extensive research on AI tools in secondary school, little attention has been given to their use at the primary school level, presenting a significant gap. Using a quantitative survey methodology, data were collected from 100 primary ESL teachers in Selangor, Malaysia, through a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire explored teachers’ demographic information, the types and frequency of AI tools used, their attitudes toward these tools and the challenges they face in integrating them into ELT practices. The findings indicate that content creation tools, such as ChatGPT and Canva, were the most widely used, with teachers generally holding positive attitudes towards AI's effectiveness in improving student pronunciation, vocabulary and engagement. However, challenges like limited resources, lack of training and concerns about data privacy and classroom management were also highlighted. The study contributes valuable insights into the current state of AI integration in primary ELT classrooms, offering recommendations for addressing these challenges and enhancing AI tool adoption.
Shakir Farhan Yaseen
The Issues that Kirkuk Secondary School Students Encounter when Learning Conversation in English using the Communicative Approach (A method that emphasizes teaching communication as opposed to rote learning grammatical structures and vocabulary) and What Communicative Teaching is Capable of Achieving is the Focus of this Paper. To communicate is the main aim of communicative language teaching. During the teaching process, students should communicate with one another as well as with the teacher in order to ensure that they have the capacity to communicate effectively and with certainty in the real world. The ultimate goal of CLT (Communicative Language Teaching) is to orient students to the community and teach them a new language that they can use to communicate with the community. The objective of this particular research study, however, is to provide students with the ability to speak English fluently and without fear of making mistakes. The research study was carried out in the Kirkuk Secondary Schools in Northern Iraq with a target group of 16 male and female teachers. To English language teachers, an eleven-item questionnaire was also administered to pinpoint the problems encountered. The difficulties pinpointed in the questionnaire, were acknowledged as significant for the lack of teaching by those sixteen teachers.
Ahmad Zaidi Abdullah, Fatin Syazwani Safiyuddin, Hafizah Abdul Rahim, Mohammad Harith Bin Amlus, Muhammad Shahar Bin Jusoh, Nadiah Mahmad Nasir
Product quality has remained a central concern for manufacturers seeking to enhance competitiveness, customer satisfaction, and long-term brand loyalty. Between 2020 and 2025, significant shifts have emerged in how quality parameters are defined, measured, and prioritized across different industries. This review paper examines the divergence of product quality parameters between the automotive sector—particularly car manufacturing—and the sports product industry. While car quality increasingly emphasizes advanced safety systems, digital integration, durability, and precision engineering, sports product quality has evolved toward performance optimization, material innovation, ergonomics, and user-centric customization. These differences highlight distinct consumer expectations, regulatory pressures, and technological advancements that shape quality strategies in each sector.The review synthesizes key studies from 2020 to 2025 to compare quality frameworks, measurement approaches, and industry standards that underpin both car and sport product markets. Findings indicate that automotive quality relies heavily on stringent compliance testing, reliability metrics, and smart-system diagnostics, whereas sports product quality is driven by functionality, comfort, biomechanical performance, and brand-driven perception. This divergence underscores the need for sector-specific quality models rather than a universal approach. By mapping these evolving parameters, the paper provides deeper insight into how manufacturers can refine quality strategies, align with market expectations, and support innovation trajectories across different product domain
Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed Al-Haddar, Hussein Ali Abdullah Al-Thulaia, Kasimah binti Kamaruddin, Nur Sakiinah binti Ab Aziz, Tasnim binti Abdul Rahman
Tahfiz al-Quran education for visually impaired students (OKU Penglihatan) is vital in shaping their spiritual and psychological development. Preliminary studies show that this program has a very positive impact on the students' self-confidence and future aspirations. However, the effectiveness of this program is hampered by a critical gap in teacher competency, where the majority of teachers have not received specific training to teach the visually impaired. Therefore, this study aims to assess the existing level of professional competency among Tahfiz teachers and identify their specific training needs, focusing on the mastery of Braille al-Quran and assistive technology. This study applies a mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative). The quantitative phase involves a survey of OKU Tahfiz teachers, while the qualitative phase uses needs analysis and in-depth interviews. The findings of the study are expected to highlight the weakest competency dimensions and propose a relevant and practical specific training model framework. The study's contribution is to provide guidance to stakeholders in formulating teacher training policies and enhancing the quality of Tahfiz teaching for the visually impaired
Allene Mae N. Marapao, Elvie Malificiado Excelise
This study examined the levels of professional development, digital literacy, and performance of Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) teachers in public secondary schools within the Municipality of Maramag, Bukidnon. Using a validated researcher-made questionnaire and employing descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis, the study explored how key factors such as collaboration, digital competence, and institutional support influence teacher performance. Results revealed that TLE teachers demonstrated advanced professional development, especially in collaborative leadership and shared vision. However, limited access to technological and fiscal support hindered the full impact of professional learning. Teachers also demonstrated strong digital literacy, particularly in productivity and perceived importance, but had moderate confidence in using advanced tools, underscoring the need for more targeted, hands-on digital training. Teacher performance, as assessed using the IPCRF, was consistently rated very satisfactory, with strengths in assessment and professional growth. Correlation analysis showed that supportive conditions and digital productivity were positively and significantly related to teacher performance. Regression analysis identified digital productivity as the only significant predictor. The findings emphasized the importance of equipping TLE teachers with relevant digital tools, supportive working environments, and practical training aligned with their instructional needs. These insights offer actionable guidance for school leaders and policymakers aiming to strengthen teacher effectiveness through sustainable professional development and meaningful digital integration.
Allene Mae Marapao, Elvie M. Excelise
This study examined the levels of professional development, digital literacy, and performance of Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) teachers in public secondary schools within the Municipality of Maramag, Bukidnon. Using a validated researcher-made questionnaire and employing descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis, the study explored how key factors such as collaboration, digital competence, and institutional support influence teacher performance. Results revealed that TLE teachers demonstrated advanced professional development, especially in collaborative leadership and shared vision. However, limited access to technological and fiscal support hindered the full impact of professional learning. Teachers also demonstrated strong digital literacy, particularly in productivity and perceived importance, but had moderate confidence in using advanced tools, underscoring the need for more targeted, hands-on digital training. Teacher performance, as assessed using the IPCRF, was consistently rated very satisfactory, with strengths in assessment and professional growth. Correlation analysis showed that supportive conditions and digital productivity were positively and significantly related to teacher performance. Regression analysis identified digital productivity as the only significant predictor. The findings emphasized the importance of equipping TLE teachers with relevant digital tools, supportive working environments, and practical training aligned with their instructional needs. These insights offer actionable guidance for school leaders and policymakers aiming to strengthen teacher effectiveness through sustainable professional development and meaningful digital integration.
Michelle Acledan, Sharlyn B Torotoro
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between professional development at work and school culture, as well as their role in predicting teachers' job satisfaction. Specifically, this study aimed to determine the level of professional development at work, the level of school culture triage, and the level of job satisfaction; the significant relationship between professional development at work and job satisfaction; the significant relationship between school culture triage at work and job satisfaction; and the singular and combined influence of professional development at work and job satisfaction. The present study employed a descriptive-correlational research design. involves describing a phenomenon based on observation or examining the relationship between two or more variables. Professional development activities, such as experimentation, reflection, staying up to date, and seeking feedback, showed the strongest positive influence on job satisfaction, while collaborationrelated domains consistently received the lowest mean scores. In the school culture triage, self-determination emerged as the strongest factor, and professional collaboration the weakest, with both school culture and professional development demonstrating significant relationships with job satisfaction. Overall, job satisfaction was significantly influenced by a combination of professional development practices and school culture factors, particularly self-determination efficacy and collegial relationships.
Alexander C. Buenavista, Carlos Dave V. Araniego, Ceazar Jr. C. Solcruz, Dariel Justine V. Daquioag, Patrick James A. Damo, Peter John P. Ladran, Regie Boy B. Fabro
Energy conservation is a critical global concern aligned with Sustainable Development Goals on affordable and clean energy, responsible consumption and production, and climate action. This study examined the energy conservation practices of households in Ilocos Norte, identified the challenges they face, and explored opportunities for improvement. A convergent parallel mixedmethods design was employed, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative focus group discussions and interviews to gather comprehensive data. The findings revealed that while households demonstrate some awareness and engagement in energy-saving behaviors, these practices are inconsistent and hindered by challenges such as limited knowledge, financial and technological barriers, behavioral resistance, and environmental factors.
Azlan Abd Ro’ni, Mazlina Mahali, Muhammad Umar Abdul Razak
Section 112 of the Malaysian Evidence Act 1950 establishes the conclusive presumption of legitimacy unless non-access is proven which presents certain complex legal issues. This article examines the adequacy of this provision in light of modern scientific developments and evolving judicial attitudes toward biological parentage. It employed doctrinal, library-based research methodology by analysing the aforementioned provision, case laws and comparative jurisprudence from the United Kingdom and other common law jurisdictions to rebut the presumption of legitimatcy. The article critically assesses medical evidence, gestational calculations, anthropological resemblance, contraceptive practices, blood grouping tests, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling, identifying their relative reliability and contemporary relevance. The findings highlighted significant gaps in the Malaysian legal framework, including the absence of statutory standards for DNA testing and the lack of judicial authority to compel scientific testing in civil paternity disputes. The article concludes by proposing a principled reform of section 112 that incorporates scientifically verifiable rebuttable elements, expands the gestational period to reflect current medical knowledge, and grants clear statutory powers to the courts to order DNA or blood testing. This article aims to align Malaysian law with scientific accuracy, promote consistency in judicial decision-making, and safeguard the best interests of the child.
Dr Stackus, Okwaput, Prof. John Baptist, Salimini Mbazi
The study examined the provisions of Community-Based Rehabilitation services in inclusive secondary schools that enrol learners with hearing impairment in Tanzania. The objectives of the study were: (i) to analyze the CBR services offered in inclusive secondary schools that enrol learners with hearing impairment in Tanzania, (ii)to examine how CBR services are provided in secondary schools that enrol learners with hearing impairments in Tanzania. The study was guided by the social model of disability with assumptions that disability is not caused by an individual's medical condition or physical or mental impairment; instead, disability arises as a consequence of societal attitudes, physical and organizational structures. The study was underpinned by the constructivist paradigm, which employed a qualitative research approach with an exploratory case study design. Constructivists support qualitative and interpretive approaches that seek deep, contextual understanding rather than generalizable laws. The study used semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observations and document reviews. Data were collected from a criterion-purposive sample of 27 participants (8 teachers, 3 officials from voluntary organizations, and 16 learners with hearing impairments). Data collected through interviews and focus group discussions were analyzed using a thematic analysis protocol, followed by content analysis of the reviewed documents and observations. The study found that CBR services offered in inclusive schools include sign language interpretation services, instructional materials, infrastructure development (both physical and technological), and school fee subsidies. It was further revealed that services are provided in three ways: categorically, individually, and through a whole-school approach. The study recommends that voluntary organizations should adopt a bottom-up approach, from project planning to implementation. The study further recommends that the government develop training programs for teachers to use categorical, individualized, and whole-school approaches in inclusive schools.
Mohd Fairuz Iskandar Othman, Mohd Najwan Md Khambari, Mohd Zaki Mas’ud, Nor Azman Mat Ariff, Taqwan Thamrin
YouTube spam comments degrade user experience as well as increasing security and monetization risks, highlights the need for resilient automated detection system. The YouTube spam detection system has progressed from relying on single classifiers to incorporating ensemble-based system. However, current YouTube spam ensemble system typically train all base classifiers on homogeneous feature representations and rely on equal or fixed weighting schemes, which limits error diversity and prevents the ensemble from adapting to the varying strengths of individual models. This study proposed a Particle Swarm Optimization weighted ensemble that combined multiple n‑gram and BoW classifiers to build spam detection models. Six single classifiers using 1‑gram to 5‑gram character features and BoW features were combined into ensemble configurations with equal weighting and PSO‑optimized weighting, then evaluated on five YouTube spam datasets spanning Eminem, Katy Perry, LMFAO, Psy, and Shakira datasets. Results demonstrated that PSO‑weighted ensembles consistently outperformed the best single classifier on every dataset, with improvements ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 percentage points and accuracies from 91.65% to 96.79%. The all n‑grams plus BoW with PSO‑optimized weights ensemble delivered robust performance across all datasets, with PSO gains over equal weighting of 0.2 to 0.7 percentage points. These findings confirmed that combining character n‑gram and BoW features captured complementary spam patterns, and that PSO‑based weighting provided an adaptive mechanism for classifier integration. The proposed approach offered a good, generalizable solution for automated spam detection across diverse YouTube comments and social media platforms without extensive manual tuning.
Fauzi Adi Rafrastar, Haniza Nahar, Mohammad Radzi Motsidi, Siti Rahayu Selamat, Warusia Yassin, Zulkiflee Muslim
Phishing emails constitute a persistent and evolving cybersecurity threat, with growing evidence that psychological mechanisms critically shape user susceptibility. Yet, existing research remains fragmented, particularly in integrating emotional, cognitive, and contextual determinants with long-term intervention outcomes. This systematic review synthesizes empirical studies, theoretical models, and intervention evaluations published up to mid-2024 across cybersecurity, psychology, and behavioral science. The findings demonstrate that emotional responses fear, anxiety, and stress significantly increase vulnerability, while heuristic cognitive processing consistently predicts risk. Personality traits yield mixed associations, though anxiety-related cognitive styles emerge as more robust predictors than broad trait measures. Contextual factors, including message framing and targeted social engineering, further amplify susceptibility. Importantly, while training interventions enhance short-term detection, evidence for sustained behavioral change remains weak, exposing a critical research gap. By advancing an integrative perspective that combines emotional, cognitive, and contextual insights, this review contributes to theory development in human-centered cybersecurity and underscores the need for adaptive, psychologically informed interventions to mitigate the escalating risks of phishing at both individual and organizational levels.
Abubakari Alhassan, Dominic Garibah Mensah, Julius Jerry Agortey, Stephen Kyenkyehene Addae
Child victimization in the fishing industry has become a global humanitarian concern, as children across regions are increasingly subjected to exploitative practices that threaten their physical, emotional, and social well-being. In Ghana, Kete Krachi on Lake Volta is a major hub of child victims in artisanal fisheries, where children face harsh working conditions, long hours, and severe abuses, often resulting in profound psychosocial problems. Despite international attention, limited scholarship has examined the psychosocial consequences of child victims in Ghana’s fishing industry, particularly regarding their rehabilitation. This study, grounded in Social Capital Theory, explores the psychosocial problems experienced by child victims in Kete Krachi and demonstrates the role of physical education and sports (PES) as a psychosocial tool for reintegration. Using a qualitative case study design, data were gathered through purposive and snowball sampling, including interviews with ten former child victims and two focus group discussions with community leaders and NGO rescuers. Thematic analysis revealed psychosocial consequences as worthlessness, emotional regulation struggles, and self-isolation, stemming from their emotional, physical, and sexual abuses. However, participation in team-based sports activities helped victims to rebuild trust, confidence, and social networks. The study concludes that PES offers a culturally adaptable and effective approach to psychosocial rehabilitation, while also contributing to the literature on child victims, sport-for-development, and social reintegration.
Kebba Gibba
This paper critically examines the persistent political stalemate characterizing emerging democracies where ambitious political movements, activist civil societies, and a demotivated security establishment coexist in uneasy tension. Drawing on recent sociopolitical developments in The Gambia and comparable contexts, the study explores how excessive political ambition and fragmented civil advocacy, coupled with institutional fatigue within the security sector, have collectively contributed to governance stagnation and fragile state resilience. Through a governance and security lens, the paper argues that while political pluralism and civic engagement are essential to democratic deepening, their uncoordinated and confrontational manifestations often undermine institutional credibility, state authority, and social cohesion (Carothers, 2002; Resnick & Signé, 2025). The analysis concludes by proposing a recalibration of the political-civil-security interface, emphasizing constructive engagement, professional accountability, and strategic national dialogue as pathways toward sustainable democratic consolidation (Osborne, 2010; Linz & Stepan, 1996).
Chai Shin Yi, Ivy Jugah, Nur Afisha
Public participation is crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This empowers individuals and communities to participate actively in decision-making and to contribute to the development and implementation of sustainable policies and initiatives. The integration of diverse viewpoints, local expertise, and community feedback improves both the decision-making process and the implementation of sustainable development. Public participation fosters varied perspectives and a sense of collective responsibility. Individuals are more likely to support and participate in sustainable development programs when given the opportunity to participate in decision-making processes. The Malaysian Peninsula has been the primary focus of study on public participation in Malaysia. Sarawak, situated in Malaysia's Bornean region, has received less attention in this study. This research utilised a case study methodology, incorporating a focus group discussion with members of the sustainability team of Pustaka Negeri Sarawak. This research project aims to examine the methods and levels of public participation in sustainable development programs initiated and collaborated on by Pustaka Negeri Sarawak. The Eight Rungs Ladder of Citizen Engagement, developed by Arnstein, and the Spectrum of Participation, established by the International Association of Public Participation, will support the discussion on the evaluation of public participation in diverse sustainable development initiatives at Pustaka Negeri Sarawak. The most significant instance of participatory governance within Pustaka’s portfolio is the People Accessible Network for Digital Empowerment and Inclusivity (PANDei) which occupies the pinnacle of both models’ empowerment in Arnstein’s Ladder and empower in the IAP2 Spectrum. This study is significant as it may enhance our understanding of public participation in sustainable development programs in Pustaka Negeri Sarawak and contribute to the wider recognition of public participation in sustainable development practices in the region.
John Momanyi Ongubo
Globally, education systems underwent a transition from traditional, examination-centred approaches to learner-centred, competency-based models designed to equip learners with twenty-first-century skills. In Kenya, the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC), launched in 2017, sought to reorient basic education toward holistic and skills-based learning. However, disparities in its implementation became evident, particularly in marginalized regions of the country. This study assessed public primary teacher preparedness for CBC adoption in Township Ward, Garissa County and focused on pedagogical competence, in-service training coverage, and access to curriculum support resources. The study was guided by Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) Theory, the Resource-Based View (RBV), and Systems Theory. It applied a desktop review methodology to synthesize data from peer-reviewed literature, government publications, and county-level reports. The findings revealed that public primary teachers in Garissa Township Ward faced significant challenges, including insufficient CBC-focused training, limited access to instructional materials, and inadequate infrastructure conditions that impede effective implementation of learner-centred teaching strategies. In response, the study proposed an integrated implementation framework grounded in Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, Epstein’s Model of Overlapping Spheres, and the Stakeholder Theory. The study contributed to the existing body of knowledge by generating localized evidence and proposing a practical, theory-driven model to support CBC implementation in underserved regions. Based on the integrated implementation framework, the study recommended institutionalizing school-based and modular teacher professional development programs, aligning teacher training with pedagogical practice, establishing CBC-specific financing models, investing in learning infrastructure in marginalized areas, creating decentralized Curriculum Support Centers (CSCs), and implementing multi-stakeholder policy review mechanisms.
Phoestine Simiyu
Student councils’ effectiveness remains a persistent governance concern in secondary schools globally, with notable variation across institutions. This study examined the influence of school culture on the effectiveness of student councils in public boys’ secondary schools in Siaya County, Kenya. Anchored in Ludwig von Bertalanffy’s Social Systems Theory, the study targeted 16 deputy principals, the Siaya County Director of Education, 320 student council leaders, and 9,684 ordinary students. A sample comprising 14 deputy principals, 178 student council leaders, 370 ordinary students, and the County Director of Education was drawn using purposive, proportionate, stratified, and simple random sampling techniques. Employing a mixed methods approach within a convergent parallel design, the study collected data through questionnaires and interview schedules. Piloting was conducted in two schools. Instrument validity was established through expert judgment, while reliability testing using Cronbach’s Alpha produced an average coefficient of 0.75. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0 through descriptive and inferential statistics, with results presented in tables. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed and presented narratively with verbatim excerpts. Findings revealed that school culture significantly influenced student council effectiveness, particularly through relationships between student council members and teachers, student involvement in decision making, adherence to school rules and routines, and understanding of the school’s mission, vision, and core values. The study concluded that although school culture influences student council effectiveness, the influence is weak. It recommends strengthening of relations with SC members and teachers, student involvement in decision making, respect for school rules and routine and knowledge of the school mission vision and core values as measures of enhancing the effectiveness of student councils in schools.
Abd Razak Ahmad, Wan Muhammad Idham Wan Mahdi, Wong Jun Chai
The rapid diffusion of digital technologies has transformed business ecosystems globally, presenting new possibilities for operational efficiency, innovation, and market expansion for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Yet, traditional MSMEs, often characterised by resource limitations, manual practices, and deep-rooted cultural norms, continue to lag in digital adoption despite the clear potential benefits. This conceptual paper investigates the determinants of shaping digital readiness and behavioural resistance among traditional MSMEs in MITC Ayer Keroh, Malacca, a semi-urban, tourism-driven commercial cluster. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and extended with Trust as a critical construct, the study explores how perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and trust influence MSMEs’ intentions to adopt digital tools. The paper synthesises extensive literature and integrates insights from contextual challenges highlighted in regional studies, including financial constraints, skills gaps, infrastructure limitations, and resistance to change. While this study does not employ empirical data, it offers a theoretically driven conceptual framework to explain adoption behaviour, identifies external barriers affecting adoption decisions, and proposes hypotheses for future quantitative testing. The findings emphasise the need for targeted support mechanisms, user-friendly technologies, policy interventions, and ecosystem-based digital capability programmes tailored to traditional MSMEs. This work contributes to digital transformation scholarship by contextualising TAM within a tourism-centred semi-urban Malaysian setting and provides a foundation for future empirical studies on MSME digitalisation.
Du Yuqian, Xin Yuan
With rapid advances in AI, modern education faces the challenge of ensuring independent thinking isn’t overshadowed by AI’s rational logic. As AI shapes learning and interactions, students may show less emotional expression, moral concern, and well-being. Drawing on Aristotle’s eudaimonia, this study explores integrating rationality and emotion in the AI context for youth moral education. Aristotle saw rationality as key but valued emotion’s role, seeing practical wisdom as leading to virtue and happiness. Education should foster independent thought beyond instrumental rationality by cultivating emotional experience and moral sensitivity, balancing reason and emotion. This study examines AI’s dual impact, potentially eroding rationality and blunting emotional engagement, through Aristotle’s rational-emotional unity. It proposes a moral education model rooted in practical wisdom to revitalize youth virtue education in the AI age.
Amelia Binti Alias, Zhang Xirong
This study investigates how “micro-success” strategies—small, structured, and attainable learning wins— reconstruct the learning agency of underachieving students in junior high school English classrooms in China. Grounded in positive psychology and social cognitive theory (Dweck, 2006; Dweck & Yeager, 2019), we conducted an interpretivist, qualitative inquiry using semi-structured interviews with 12 Grade-7 English teachers at a public junior high school in Hebei. Thematic analysis identified four interrelated themes: (1) cognitive conflict resolution via micro-success, (2) teacher decision-making in task stratification and feedback, (3) reconstruction of learner subjectivity (self-efficacy, voice, and ownership), and (4) maintenance of motivation through adaptive goals and attributional feedback. Findings show that micro-success reframes repeated failure experiences into incremental competence signals that help students transition from “I can’t” to “I can try,” with teachers’ feedback language and task design acting as catalysts (Hattie, 2008; Wisniewski, Zierer, & Hattie, 2020). The study proposes a cognition–emotion–behavior framework explaining how classroom micro-successes enable identity-safe participation, strengthen self-efficacy, and support sustained engagement. Practical implications include low-threshold task segmentation, progress-visible feedback, and alignment with China’s “double reduction” policy; methodological contributions highlight teacher-centered qualitative evidence for designing agency-restorative pedagogy.
Aisyah Dollah@Abdullah, Engku Ahmad Zaki bin Engku Alwi, Hasanulddin MohdHasanulddin Mohd, Ismahdalillah binti Ariffin, Iyllyana Che Rosli, Mhd Faizal Mhd Ramli, Mohamad Nurul Hafiz Bin Ab Latif, Rahimah Binti Embong, Zawawi Yusoff
The escalating psychiatric morbidity among university students has necessitated a critical re-evaluation of existing therapeutic interventions. This study utilizes a qualitative phenomenological approach to explore the subjective stress experiences of 129 university students and proposes a holistic intervention framework based on Dakwah Psychology (Psikologi Dakwah). Through rigorous thematic analysis, the findings uncover nine critical stressors clustered into three crisis domains: Firstly: Risky Behavior & Physiological, specifically the functional abuse of synthetic drugs as a maladaptive survival mechanism for academic performance; Secondly: Psychosocial Dysfunction, characterized by family instability, toxic peer dynamics, and social isolation; and thierdly: Cognitive Pressure, stemming from academic overload, financial anxiety, and a lack of prioritization skills. The study diagnoses these external symptoms as manifestations of a deeper "Crisis of Meaning" rooted in a "Spiritual Void" and the dominance of the lower self (Nafs al-Ammārah). To address this, a comprehensive intervention model rooted in Tazkiyat an-Nafs (Soul Purification) is proposed. This framework integrates clinical approaches with spiritual mechanisms—including Taubat Nasuha for cognitive reframing, Zikir therapy for neuro-spiritual regulation, Usrah support systems for social healing, and the application of Fiqh Awlawiyat and Tawakkul for anxiety management. The study concludes that integrating this psychospiritual module into higher education is an urgent imperative to produce graduates who are not only intellectually competent but spiritually resilient, thereby safeguarding the future generation from total psychological collapse.
Abdul Raimi Abd Kadir, Alias Mahmud, Azmi Ab Manan, Muhammad Affizi Ishak, Rajesh Kumar
Significant blood loss during spine surgery often necessitates allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT), which poses clinical and logistical challenges, including immune reactions, infection risks, and supply constraints. This retrospective cohort study assessed the clinical efficacy of intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) in reducing dependence on ABT and improving patient outcomes at Malaysia Government General Hospital (GH), Malaysia. Data from 72 patients who underwent spine surgeries between January 2023 and December 2024 were analysed. Participants were divided into two groups: 36 patients received ICS and 36 received standard transfusions. Comparative analyses using t-tests and chi-square tests evaluated transfusion requirements, wound healing, haemoglobin (Hb) trends, recovery time, hospital stay, and cost parameters. The ICS group demonstrated significantly shorter hospital stays (M = 8.4 days) compared to the non-ICS group (M = 16.9 days; p < .001), as well as faster recovery (M = 6.0 vs. 13.4 days; p = .001) and superior wound-healing outcomes (p < .001). No significant difference was observed in postoperative Hb levels or intraoperative packed red blood cell use, suggesting equivalent hematologic recovery between groups. Although the reduction in transfusion requirement was not statistically significant (p = .108), the trend favoured ICS. These findings indicate that ICS enhances clinical efficiency by promoting faster recovery, improved wound healing, and reduced hospital stay without compromising safety or haemoglobin stability. The results support broader integration of ICS into perioperative blood management in high-blood-loss spine surgeries, particularly in resource-constrained healthcare systems.
Danny Ting Hong Heng, Máté Balogh, YiLing Chaing
This paper reevaluated the repertoire of church music with reference to contemporary life and recent musical culture with a special focus on the Methodist youth community in Sarawak, Malaysia. Following the considerations of Zoltán Kodály’s pedagogical philosophy as well as Charles Wesley’s contextual hymnody, the research clarified the ways in which faith and culture may meet in music that connects to the present believers. Through historical and theoretical investigation, musical analysis and quantitative research of 55 participants from 14 churches, the study has found a gap between the traditional hymnals and the contemporary youth expression. Results indicated that a new contextual repertoire that is based on cultural familiarity, pedagogical reach and theological depth can renew congregational participation and spiritual development.
Eko-Raphaels, Melvin Urhoromu, Mojekwu, Ogechukwu Rita
This paper examines the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) within the context of Africa’s regional integration efforts, particularly its interaction with the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Regional economic integration has emerged as a strategic pathway for African countries to overcome structural limitations and strengthen participation in the global economy. The study contributes to knowledge by situating AGOA within Balassa’s stages of economic integration and presenting practical policy reforms for both Africa and the United States. The study utilizes a qualitative policy analysis of trade data, institutional reports and comparative case studies (Kenya, Lesotho, Ethiopia, and Nigeria) to assess AGOA’s impact on Africa’s trade performance, industrialization, and regional cohesion. Findings reveal that while AGOA has enhanced market access and export diversification in select countries, its overall contribution to regional integration remains limited due to factors such as, but not limited to its unilateral and temporary design, as well as its dependence on extractive sectors. The study concludes that aligning AGOA with Africa’s integration agenda requires industrial capacitybuilding and the transformation of AGOA into a more reciprocal, long-term partnership framework.
Anis-Farahwahida, M.K, Siti Hajar Mohd Hussain
Persistent gender disparities in leadership remain a critical global and national concern despite decades of policy interventions and organisational reform. Structural barriers embedded within recruitment, promotion, performance evaluation, and work-life systems continue to impede women’s upward mobility, particularly in regions such as Southeast Asia, where socio-cultural norms intensify workplace inequalities. In Malaysia, women remain underrepresented in senior and strategic leadership roles, signalling the need for transformative mechanisms that address organisational bias at a systemic level. This conceptual article examines how Digital Human Resource Management (Digital HRM) can serve as a strategic enabler to reduce gendered structural barriers and promote gender-inclusive leadership pathways. Adopting a conceptual methodology, the study synthesises international and Malaysian literature, integrates relevant theoretical perspectives, including structural barriers theory, gendered organisational theory, and digital transformation frameworks, and proposes a comprehensive conceptual model explaining the mechanisms through which Digital HRM can enhance women’s leadership outcomes. The analysis shows that digital recruitment systems, algorithmic decision-making, HR analytics, and digital performance management hold potential to mitigate bias by increasing transparency, standardising evaluation processes, and improving access to leadership development opportunities for women. Furthermore, digital work arrangements and virtual learning ecosystems can enhance leadership readiness and work-life integration. However, the article also underscores that digitalisation alone does not guarantee equity; without strong governance, algorithmic systems may replicate existing biases. The implications of this study extend to organisational policy, national HR governance, and gender-inclusive digital transformation strategies. This conceptual work offers theoretical contributions to the intersection of gender studies and digital HRM and provides a foundation for future empirical research examining digital enablers of women’s leadership advancement
Ana Haziqah A Rashid, Irmawati Norazman, Mar Sheng Yun, Satriadi
Along with the advancement of technology, artificial intelligence has become an indispensable part of our lives, especially towards the employee’s job performance. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between artificial intelligence and job performance in the manufacturing sector in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The employee’s job performance was identified through task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behaviour. Past studies revealed that the adoption of artificial intelligence in the workplace could improve job performance. The quantitative method was used in this study, and the questionnaire was distributed to the 108 respondents involved in this study, which contribute to 100% of return rate. The researchers used a cross-sectional design to investigate the relationship between artificial intelligence and job performance in manufacturing sector in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The researchers allocated the questionnaire through email to the respondents from the manufacturing industry in different companies which mainly focus on small-medium enterprise that located in Mount Austin and Kempas, Johor Bahru. Besides, the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27 was used to analyse the descriptive and inferential statistics of the data. The descriptive analysis included the mean score, frequency, standard deviation and percentage to identify the level of artificial intelligence and job performance of the respondents. Also, the inferential analysis which is the Pearson Correlation was used to examine the relationship between two variables. The findings showed the level of artificial intelligence and job performance of the respondents at a high level. Then, there is a significant and positive relationship between artificial intelligence and job performance. Furthermore, this study can be used as a guide and a reference for other researchers on related topics in future research, which the organisation can determine whether the use of artificial intelligence in the workplace will eventually affect job performance in the workplace.
Collins Nyantari Keraka
Work-life balance is an important aspect of a healthy fast changing working environment. Increased working hours have adverse impact on the lifestyle of a huge number of employees, which ultimately affects their social and psychological well-being. Maintaining work-life balance helps reduce stress and prevents burnout in the workplace. Chronic stress is one of the most common health issues in the workplace. This has negatively impacted on mental health because it is linked to higher risk of depression, anxiety and insomnia. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between work-life balance and mental health of employees in an organization. Work-life balance has become an important area for employers, government and researchers for providing innovative ways to improve employee morale, retain them and provision of conducive working environment. This study investigated the relationship between work life balance and mental health among academic staff in selected public universities in Nairobi, Kenya. Data was collected using desk review and key informant interviews. Data was collected from twenty -eight academic staff from two public universities and two private universities in Nairobi County. Data analysis was based on the thematic areas reflected in the study objectives. The possible effect of gender difference on the level of stress was considered in this study. Study results revealed gender differences on the levels of stress; males had a relatively higher level of work life balance and mental health. It was also revealed that job satisfaction was associated with life satisfaction in males whereas; mental health was reported more among females. The study concluded that effective work life balance for both gender in the workplace leads to greater improvement in mental health which in turn increases their productivity. The study recommends that universities should have programmes that allow their staff both male and female to have work life balance which in turn will enhance their mental health and productivity in the workplace.
Zivanai Mazhambe
The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation has traditionally shaped financial reporting through its frameworks and accounting standards, mainly focussed on the investors and capital providers. with an overall goal to maximize wealth and returns. The traditional accounting models have been marred by short termism returns at the detriment of financial sustainability and returns, that mitigate other key stakeholders, Other key capital formations including the planet (environmental capital), people (human capital) and profits (economic capital) which sustainability reporting considers in addition to the investors required rate of return. The IFRS foundation in mitigation of these growing sustainability upheavals, has formed International Sustainability Standard Board (ISSB) framework, which is dubbed as IFRS Sustainability, and to date has issued two (2) standards, namely the IFRS S1 (general related financial sustainability) and IFRS S2 (general related Climate sustainability) whose effected adoption was January 2024. Whilst these ISSB framework interventions are fast gathering momentum and adoption across numerous international jurisdictions, their key goals are more focussed on financial materiality at detriment of impact materiality, whose hallmark is the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Reporting. This study seeks to remodel traditional financial reporting principles to embed sustainability reporting and impacts. An empirical study was adopted focussed on Pan African Federation Accountants (PAFA) across all the African jurisdictions. The findings revealed that IFRS is rooted in decision useful information relevant to investors and capital providers, at the expense of other key stakeholders including, communities, employees, regulators and those across the supply chain. Furthermore, sustainability reporting conceptually does not apply the accrual concept, which makes integrated reporting technically challenging. The IFRS S2 is climate centric, through the environmental pillar, at the expense of the other environmental issues and the social pillar of the ESG Framework. The study recommends the further evaluation of the ISSB Framework consolidated reporting with traditional financial reporting.
Dr. Jimboy B. Pagalilauan
This study was conducted to determine the readiness and challenges of Bachelor of Arts in English Language Studies (BAELS) students in doing language research. This was deemed important, as language research requires students to apply their knowledge in language and to develop other skills. The descriptive-comparative-correlational research design was used in the study to answer the following questions: (1) what is the level of students’ readiness, (2) what are the challenges they encountered, (3) what is the relationship between students’ readiness and challenges, and (4) are these variables similar among students with different demographic profiles? Open-ended questions were added to the descriptive-comparative-correlational design to get students’ responses on their perceptions and suggestions on research difficulties and interventions to address these. Fifty-eight (58) Bachelor of Arts in English Language Studies (BAELS) students participated in the study. Quantitative results showed that the students have good understanding of language research as regards ethical considerations and language research principles, but they have limited preparedness in practical aspects of research such as writing major sections of a research paper, synthesis of literature, designing methodologies, and analysis of data. Challenges were moderate. The two most challenging tasks were time management and literature review. Descriptive answers also showed that BAELS students need structured and hands-on interventions through workshops, writing clinics, and guided consultations to enhance their research competencies. Hence, it revealed that there were no significant differences in readiness and challenges of the students with regard to gender, age, type of senior high school, and parents’ educational attainment. There was negatively correlated between readiness and challenges, it indicates that students who feels more ready do not experience many difficulties in doing their research. Therefore, the answer to the research question based on the result of statistical analysis was, BAELS students’ understanding of the concept of language research is good, but they need to be guided in terms of practical skill. Research writing, methodology, data analysis and time management intervention at program level will improve them to be more confident and competent in doing language research.
Chieng, K.F., Long, G.P., Mustapa, F.D.
Passive and high-performance buildings consistently outperform conventional designs in energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality, and long-term economic value, particularly in cold-climate regions. Yet, adoption across northern China remains uneven despite strong policy support. This study examines Zhangjiakou as the primary target region and uses Chengde, Harbin, and Xi’an as comparative cases to assess the transferability and cost-effectiveness of passive design strategies within local construction and climatic conditions. Persistent gaps remain between policy ambition and practical cost planning, including perceived capital expenditure (CAPEX) premiums, uncertain operational expenditure (OPEX) savings, and inconsistent replacement cycles. To address these barriers, this paper outlines a research methodology for developing and validating an integrated Elemental + Life-Cycle Cost (ECA + LCC) Model as a decision-support tool for feasibility analysis. The methodology combines Elemental Cost Analysis with forty-year Life-Cycle Costing and is structured using Saunders’ Research Onion, a pragmatic–post-positivist philosophy, and Design Science Research (DSR) complemented by Model Verification and Validation (V&V). Case studies from the three comparative regions calibrate the model and assess its transferability to Zhangjiakou. Data collection includes structured document review, expert consultation, and validation. The resulting methodological framework provides a transparent and replicable basis for quantifying cost–performance relationships at the elemental level, supporting feasibility evaluation, cost optimisation, and strategic decision-making for passive-design implementation in China’s cold-climate construction sector.
Aida Hanim Binti A. Hami, Song Qian
Against the backdrop of the continuous deepening of comprehensive education reform, the STEAM education concept is increasingly becoming an important way to cultivate students' core literacy and comprehensive abilities. As an important component of art education, the music discipline not only undertakes the function of aesthetic education in the STEAM system, but also serves as an effective carrier to stimulate students' innovative thinking and interdisciplinary abilities. This paper takes the Affiliated Primary School of Anhui Normal University as the research sample to conduct a systematic analysis of the integration of music and STEAM education, and explore an integrated education model suitable for the background of basic education in China. Research has found that the deep integration of music and STEAM can enhance students' aesthetic literacy, scientific literacy and problem-solving abilities. However, its implementation still faces problems such as scattered courses and a single teaching staff structure. To this end, this paper proposes to optimize the integration path from multiple aspects such as curriculum reconstruction, teacher training, technological empowerment, and institutional support, with the aim of providing references for future basic education reform.
Fiasorgbor A Doris
This study explores the adaptive strategies employed by households in Chemuenaa, a coastal community in Ghana, in response to the growing impacts of climate change on traditional livelihoods. Drawing on structured survey data from 80 adult residents, the research examines the extent to which livelihood diversification prompted by ecological disruption affects both the social and economic well-being of local populations. Findings reveal that 67.5% of respondents engage in multiple income-generating activities, with women and individuals with basic education leading diversification efforts. Despite widespread perceptions of climaterelated livelihood decline particularly in fishing economic well-being remains constrained, with only 36.3% able to save regularly. Social capital emerged as a modest buffer, with stronger community ties linked to better economic outcomes. The study highlights the gendered nature of adaptive responses, the role of education in enhancing resilience, and the importance of integrating local knowledge systems into policy interventions. It concludes that while livelihood diversification is a crucial coping mechanism, its success is shaped by intersecting vulnerabilities and capacities that must be addressed in context-sensitive ways.
Archimedes Oduro
The study examined role of supervisor-provided resources in the responsible leadership and the intrapreneurial behaviour nexus at the Guinness Ghana Ltd. Specifically, four research objectives were investigated; to examine the influence of responsible leadership on intrapreneurial behaviour; to analyse the influence of responsible leadership on supervisor-provided resources; to examine the influence of supervisor-provided resources on the intrapreneurial behaviour of employees; and to analyse the mediating role of supervisor- provided resources in the relationship between responsible leadership and intrapreneurial behaviour. The study relied on the quantitative approach and explanatory-correlational design. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from a sample response of 360 respondents in the organisation. The data was then processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (version 25) and analysed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The study found that responsible leadership has a significant positive influence on intrapreneurial behaviour and supervisor-provided resources. The study also found that supervisor-provided resource has a significant positive influence on intrapreneurial behaviour of the employees at the Guinness Ghana Ltd. The findings further showed that supervisor-provided resource mediates the nexus between responsible leadership and intrapreneurial behaviour. The study, therefore, recommended that responsible leadership traits of the supervisors or leaders in their organisations should be developed through seminars, conferences, meetings, and training workshops to promote the intrapreneurship traits of the employees.
Charles SHAMBI
Police recruitment in Kenya has been problematic with claims of unethical practices including corruption, nepotism, favouritism, political interference as well as patronage featuring prominently among the citizenry, media and at times becoming a subject of research. Recommendations to address this topical issue have been suggested in the past and it may be argued that the Kenya National Police Service (KNPS) has operationalised some of these suggestions, yet the problem persists. While this paper agrees with Baker 2018 (cited in Hope 2018, p. 13) analysis that police reforms do not happen overnight, based on global police reforms experience, it will argue that the prescriptions provided so far (e.g., Hope 2018; Nyamu, 2019; Wasike, 2005) to deal with police recruitment lacks substantive and nuanced zeal required to fix the problem. This research project takes a different approach by placing the emphasis on the recruitment model itself to address an area of further study as suggested by Wasike (2005, p.68). It proposes a radical solution in the shape of a ‘competent recruitment’ model that shall promote merit in recruitment and selection of police recruits in the KNPS.
Edgar B. Manubag, Jovir C. Ignacio
This study uses a descriptive case study approach to examine retirement preparedness among retirees of Notre Dame of Dadiangas University (NDDU), focusing on their experiences with institutional support. It combines quantitative readiness assessments with qualitative analyses of retirees' lived experiences. The findings revealed that retirees were mostly prepared in health and finances but unprepared in emotional and mental health. Financial and social support programs were rated moderately effective, while emotional support services were deemed insufficient. Retirees faced external challenges like financial insecurity and caregiving duties, but demonstrated internal resilience through meaning-making, gratitude, and faith. Many retirees expressed a desire for more personalized guidance and community connections. The lack of emotional support services was concerning, as retirees felt isolated. The study concludes that NDDU’s retirement support system does not fully address retirees’ psychosocial needs, creating a gap between the university’s mission and its duty of care. It recommends a shift from a deficit-based support model to an asset-based approach that reintegrates retirees into the university community. The study suggests that NDDU should reassess its retirement programs, particularly in addressing emotional and mental health needs. For other institutions, it provides a framework to balance emotional, financial, and health support for retirees. It also calls for future research into emotional resilience and community support, with broader implications for developing retirement models that fully consider retirees' psychosocial well-being.
Gladys S. Escarlos, PhD, Jay-ar A. Tino, MS, Reyzamae D. Sagandilan, MS
Pragmatism, rooted in the works of Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey, is a philosophical tradition that emphasizes the practical consequences of ideas and the evolving nature of truth. This paper examines the background of Pragmatism and its applicability in governance and administration within education, emphasizing its value as a flexible and results-oriented framework for policy and decision-making. Pragmatism promotes adaptability, collaboration, and evidence-based practices that prioritize real-world outcomes over rigid ideological or theoretical positions. Examples from the Philippines, such as participatory budgeting and the K–12 education reform, illustrate how pragmatic governance supports inclusivity, continuous learning, and policy relevance. However, the study also acknowledges key criticisms of Pragmatism, including its tendency toward relativism, moral inconsistency, and overemphasis on efficiency at the expense of justice. In the Philippine context, frequent policy shifts tied to political transitions reveal the risks of excessive flexibility and short-term focus. The paper concludes that while Pragmatism offers a valuable guide for responsive and innovative governance, it must be anchored in enduring ethical principles such as accountability, equity, and transparency. Balancing practicality with moral responsibility ensures that pragmatic governance and education remain both effective and just in promoting long-term societal development.
Faezah Othman, Goh Mei Ling, Nor Fauziana Ibrahim
The adoption of chatbots in the public sector has the potential to significantly enhance public service delivery. In this regard, government agencies are seeking to leverage technology to enhance service delivery, improve efficiency, and provide round-the-clock assistance to citizens. Understanding chatbots adoption intention among Society towards public sector in Malaysia will enable the resources to be reallocated more efficiently as well as to help in developing chatbots that are culturally and socially relevant. This will then improve the effectiveness and acceptance level of the chatbots adoption from the public community. Thus, investigating the AI chatbots adoption intention towards the public sector among society in Malaysia is crucial. Literature has shown that study on chatbots adoption intention among society towards the public sector in Malaysia is still lacking. Previous studies have suggested future research to explore the effectiveness of chatbot services for purposes beyond health information and healthcare institutions and focus on user-centric approaches to AI chatbot development. Therefore, this study aims to access the chatbots adoption intention among society towards the public sector in Malaysia and examine the mediating role of attitude in this research context. In this study, quantitative research approaches will be employed with target population of Malaysian community. Convenience sampling will be used to recruit a total of 150 respondents for this study. Data will be collected using a set of self-administered questionnaires and analysed using SPSS and SmartPLS. This research would be able to provide an insight into chatbots adaption intention of Malaysian community towards the public sector. The findings of this study would also be able to provide some practical implications for the public sector to enhance service delivery for creating more user-friendly, trusted, and widely accepted AI solutions in the public sector.
Emily D. Libod, Junifer G. Felix, Loraine S. Pagandiyan, Marivic G. Rosario, Patricia Valdez, Prima P. Tolingan, Satur C. Bacdayan
The paper offers a critical evaluation of the body of research on Covey's Seven Habits, examining their application and relevance in promoting moral and principled leadership in contemporary businesses. This examination will pay particular attention to how these habits, which prioritize character above just behavioral abilities, support fundamental leadership traits like accepting accountability, creating a vision, and cultivating fruitful interpersonal connections. Additionally, the discussion will look at how intentional development of these habits leads to increased individual self-leadership, which in turn leads to improved organizational commitment and sales performance. Concepts like self-leadership and servant leadership, which share conceptual similarities with Covey's beliefs in encouraging individual effectiveness and ethical behavior, often interact with contemporary leadership research (Daud, 2020; Tenschert et al., 2024; Parris & Peachey, 2012). In line with Covey's focus on proactive action and personal mastery, for example, self-leadership is a crucial process by which people influence themselves to attain personal effectiveness (Krampitz et al., 2021; Inam et al., 2021). The connection between self-leadership and a variety of individual and organizational outcomes, such as shared leadership in team-based knowledge work, ethics, creative behavior, and personality characteristics, has been the subject of several research (Mendoza et al., 2017).
Firdissa Jebessa Aga
The imperative for high-quality research in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) is universally acknowledged, yet tangible evidence and consensus on its criteria remain elusive, often confined to theoretical discourses and guidelines. This ambiguity renders the state of academic research in many universities, including those in Ethiopia, susceptible to inconsistency and a lack of practical impact. This study aimed to identify the principal impediments to maintaining academic research quality, taking three Ethiopian universities as a case. A mixed-methods approach was employed, collecting quantitative and qualitative data through questionnaires and interviews from postgraduate students, instructors, research directors, and journal assessors. The analysis revealed a confluence of significant barriers, including pervasive plagiarism and academic fraud, fundamental flaws in research design and methodology, an institutional culture that prioritizes quantitative publication metrics over substantive quality, pervasive issues with research data integrity, and graduate student challenges such as indolence and imposter syndrome. The study concludes that a systemic failure to address these issues undermines the integrity and value of academic research. Consequently, it recommends concerted, multi-level interventions. These include institutionalizing robust ethical frameworks to combat plagiarism and fraud, shifting incentive structures from quantity to quality, implementing rigorous data management protocols, and establishing support systems to foster research competence and psychological resilience among graduate students.
Feng Jinghan, Noor Mala Ibrahim, Pei Xiaoyu, Wang Ying, Zhang Mengjie
Second language (L2) writing instruction faces global challenges: overreliance on static summative assessment (prioritizing products over processes), insufficient personalized feedback in large classrooms (e.g., 40–50 students in China), and students’ struggles with pre-writing planning and revision (Liu & Qi, 2024; Ning, 2021). Process-oriented approaches lack aligned assessment tools, while Dynamic Assessment (DA)—rooted in Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory (SCT) and Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)—integrates instruction and assessment via contingent mediation (Lantolf & Poehner, 2004).
Saira Riaz
Several educators believed that the seating arrangement is a critical factor for learning performance. Seating arrangement is considered as a pivotal factor in giving positive learning outcomes and learning behaviour. Most of the educational literature addresses issues such as room temperature, room lighting, and acoustics (Conners, 1983, Granstrom, 1996). Fewer studies have been conducted on the classroom seating arrangement and its effects on students’ actions and learning (Haghighi and Jusan, 2012, Hoekstra et al., 2023). This paper examines the impact of seating locations on student classroom learning. Specifically, it examines the impact of seating on a) student learning behaviour b) student and teacher relationships c) attention d) student classroom participation. Active engagement and participation in the learning experience positively affects students' learning while promoting the use of higher order thinking skills (Flynn, Vermette, Mesibov and amp; Smith, 2009; McKeachie, 1990; Stronge, 2007). This study was conducted with an objective to compare two different types of seating arrangements: rows and circular in the traditional and modern classrooms of French language while observing students’ learning behaviour.
Ainur Zaireen Zainudin, Rohaya Abdul Jalil, Sivarnia a/p Mogan
Investments are the engine of economic growth, and among multiple types of investments, foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the most significant contributors. FDI plays a crucial role in attracting investors who eventually contribute to the economy. However, studies have indicated that, in many parts of the world, such as Ghana and other parts of Africa, land- grabbing activities by foreign investors have caused the locals and their families to involuntarily relocate to other settlements due to poverty. The concept of displacement and loss of property brings to the fore the matter of landowners’ property and rights, which eventually disrupts Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG 1), which aims to end poverty in all forms everywhere. Therefore, this article attempts to propose a conceptual framework for land policy that can distribute land equitably among foreign direct investors and local communities. Using John Dunning’s OLI paradigm and the Von Thünen model to develop the framework, it was found that location advantage, ownership advantage, and internalization advantage influence both foreign investors and locals.
Jose Mari V. Cabrera, Paul Joseph A. Nuval, Raymundo H. Pawid Jr.
This qualitative study focused on how Philippine Air Force (PAF) personnel perceive their careers, strengths, core values, the future of the PAF, and life after service through the use of a strengths based, Appreciative Inquiry (AI) approach. The objectives were to determine what personnel love most about being in the PAF, the talents and skills they are grateful for and apply on a daily basis, the core values they most esteem and how they put them into daily practice, visions of best future they wish for the PAF, and the kind of life they desire when they retire. An AI framed open ended questionnaire was administered to 46 randomly selected officers and enlisted personnel and responses were analyzed thematically. For what personnel love most about being in the PAF, themes of service to country and people, professional identity and pride, organizational values and culture, career growth, stability and material benefits, and the quality of the work environment and family related aspects were highlighted. Valued talents and skills acquired in the PAF were surfaced around leadership and decision making, discipline and self-management, communication and interpersonal competence, technical and professional skills, and critical, values-based application of abilities. Integrity is considered the most highly esteemed core value. Future visions of the PAF emphasized on modernization and improved air assets, professional and well-developed personnel, enhanced operational capability and credible defense, and a reliable, focused governance. While retirement desire among PAF personnel centered on simple, peaceful family-oriented lives supported by financial stability, modest entrepreneurship, faith and values centered living and, rural or nature-based settings. Overall, the findings portray PAF service as a value driven, strengths building vocation that personnel hope to carry into post service life. The study illustrates the usefulness of integrating AI approach guided through theoretical framing such as strengths-based career development and Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) in a military context and points to practical directions for strengths focused career, leadership, modernization and transition programs that align institutional mandates with the long-term flourishing of those who serve.
Jose Mari V. Cabrera, Paul Joseph A. Nuval, Raymundo H. Pawid Jr
This qualitative study focused on how Philippine Air Force (PAF) personnel perceive their careers, strengths, core values, the future of the PAF, and life after service through the use of a strengths based, Appreciative Inquiry (AI) approach. The objectives were to determine what personnel love most about being in the PAF, the talents and skills they are grateful for and apply on a daily basis, the core values they most esteem and how they put them into daily practice, visions of best future they wish for the PAF, and the kind of life they desire when they retire. An AI framed open ended questionnaire was administered to 46 randomly selected officers and enlisted personnel and responses were analyzed thematically.
Elena D. Aguila, Leny V. Salmingo, Marilyn D. Buentipo, Noricel Uchida Garcia, Paraluman L. Veloz, Vanessa B. Pablo
Understanding the demographic profile insights relationship with ergonomic fitness could transform workplace wellness. This research with quantitative descriptive method using survey questionnaire in a 5-point Likert scale measurement distributed to non-teaching employees of private academic institutions explored how demographic insights can shape ergonomic fitness behaviors with a view to stimulating targeted and effective strategies. Non-teaching education workers have a good cognitive ergonomic awareness through the division of mental workload and mindfulness to bolster resilience and performance. The number of moderate efforts in balancing breaks and physical activity reveals another cultural gap where strategic rest is necessary to maintain cognition. Schools are proud of their ergonomic culture, with staff embracing healthy habits and optimizing workspaces for posture. However, the moderate use of ergonomic resources and personal workplace exercises indicate missed opportunities. This presents opportunities for further refinement by enhancing awareness and support institutionally for health-focused breaks that can reduce injury, improve well-being, and increase productivity to ensure greater benefits for participants and school communities. Age and sex have a minimal impact on ergonomic fitness habits, while job classification is a strong determinant of ergonomic fitness participation. Focus on enhancing cognitive ergonomics and workplace wellbeing is necessary by offering regular training on workload management and mindfulness, supported by smart digital tools. Recognition of mental health practices and peer support networks is highly recommended. A workplace culture valuing mental rest through breaks and open conversations while promoting ergonomic fitness includes redesigning schedules for micro-breaks, physical activity, and easy access to stretch guidelines or break zones. Regular review of workload and break policies to adapt an inclusive environment that balances productivity with cognitive wellness. Approaches to ergonomics tailored to non-teaching employees enable academic workplaces to create healthier and safer environments with long-term benefits.
Kaouther Saied Benrached, Khouloud Gammoudi
In response to environmental challenges and increasing urban congestion, micro-mobility emerges as a sustainable solution for short-distance urban travel. It reduces the carbon footprint while offering speed and flexibility. This study investigates user motivations for adopting electric bicycles and electric scooters based on 21 semi-structured interviews. The results reveal four key motivations: utilitarian (practicality and time savings), environmental (reducing ecological impact), hedonic (enjoyment and travel comfort), and social (peer influence and social image). The adoption of micro-mobility extends beyond mere practical function; it reflects a considered choice that combines efficiency, ecological responsibility, and social valuation. These findings identify the determining factors for supporting the expansion of these transport modes and offer strategic guidance for designing urban policies and innovative, sustainable mobility solutions tailored to the actual needs of users.
Ameer Khan Zubair Khan, Ermy Azziaty Rozali, Ezad Azraai Jamsari, Farid Mat Zain, Fatin Hazwani Siran, Mohd Hafiz Safiai, Roziah Sidik, Syaidatun Nazirah Abu Zahrin
This study highlights the role of Sheikh Abdullah Fahim in contributing to Islam and Malay World as an Islamic astronomer and educationalist, particularly in fostering the love for knowledge between the years 1916 - 1970. Sheikh Abdullah Fahim was a distinguihed scholar who has played a pivotal role in revitalizing the pondok educational system and possed significant expertise in both ‘ilm al-falak (Islamic astronomy) and Islamic ducation. His efforts included the establishment of schools and the reform of the educational system, grounded in Islam as the foundation of knowledge and progress. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to analyse Sheikh Abdullah Fahim’s contributions to the advancement of Islam and the intellectual tradition of the Malay world through his work in Islamic astronomy. This analysis adopts a thematic approach, based on library research into his legacy and supported by secondary sources on his achievements. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study collects and analyses data from library-based materials. The findings indicate that Sheikh Abdullah Fahim's promotion of love for knowledge is evident in his efforts to educate the public through formal education, his engagement in the field of astronomy, and his political involvement in the period leading up to Malaya’s independence.
Dr. Ma. Magdalena V. Gatdula, Engr. Arvin C. Cabrera, Engr. Christian Carr DG. Tac-an, Engr. Michael Andre P. Guevarra
This study presents the Simulation of an Arduino-Based Greenhouse Monitoring System Using TinkerCAD, designed to demonstrate automated environmental monitoring and control within a greenhouse. The project aims to maintain optimal growing conditions by continuously measuring temperature, ambient lighting, and soil moisture through a temperature sensor, LDR, and soil moisture sensor. System responses are displayed via an LCD, while actuators—such as a fan, shade mechanism, and a light bulb representing a solenoid valve—operate based on threshold values. The system architecture and block-based code were developed using TinkerCAD, incorporating timers and flag variables to mimic non-blocking execution despite platform limitations. The algorithm cycles through sensing, displaying, controlling, and reset phases, computing average sensor readings and activating actuators accordingly. Results confirmed correct detection and response across various environmental conditions, including temperature classification, light intensity interpretation, and soil moisture levels. Overall, the simulation successfully achieved its objectives by demonstrating how automated greenhouse control can be implemented using Arduino components in a virtual environment. Future improvements may focus on enhanced synchronization of sensor data and more advanced control algorithms to better replicate real-world greenhouse automation.
Chenaniah Keziah M. Pastrana, Dr. Ma. Magdalena V. Gatdula, Renz Jio Lazaro, Ruth Arlene T. Necio
The demand for affordable and customizable security systems continues to grow as embedded microcontrollers become more accessible. This study explores the development of a Smart Door Lock System using Arduino Uno, implemented entirely in Tinkercad’s block-based programming environment. The system integrates a potentiometer acting as an analog password input, a 16×2 LCD for real-time feedback, an LED indicator for status signaling, and a servo motor as the primary locking mechanism. Results from three test scenarios̶valid input, invalid input, and user inactivity̶demonstrated consistent and accurate system performance. Findings highlight the educational value of analog-to-digital processing and conditional logic for early embedded systems learning, while identifying limitations and opportunities for future enhancement.
Atikah Saadah Selamat, Siti Sarizah Mhd Nor
As technology is developing day by day, and facing the revolution of the 21st century which is Industrial Revolution 4.0 where civilization and human activities are more modern with the help of technology beyond our expectations. This research paper emphasizes the relationship between the smart technology usage in warehouse and the warehouse management performance. With the rapid growth of technologies in the world today, various types of technologies have been used in the warehouse to increase the warehouse performance. Warehouses are progressively incorporating smart technology to enhance overall performance, accuracy, and efficiency since the introduction of Industry 4.0. The analysis of the impact of smart technology usage on warehouse management, including data analysis, artificial intelligence, automated systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) integration, is the main goal of this study. With an emphasis on how developments in automation, data analytics, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices improve operational efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making processes in contemporary warehousing environments, this study explores the impact of smart technology on warehouse management performance. The results show that by lowering human error, improving inventory control, and raising overall productivity, the deployment of smart technology significantly enhances warehouse performance. The report also identifies difficulties such the high upfront expenditures and the requirement for qualified staff to operate and maintain these cutting-edge devices. The findings highlight how important smart technology will be in influencing warehouse management going forward and offer practical advice to businesses trying to improve their operational efficiency and competitive advantage.
Alison D. Caoile, Bernard C. Fabro, Ma. Magdalena V. Gatdula, Meshelle N. Fabro
This study presents the development and simulation of a Smart Water Dispenser using Tinkercad block-code programming to implement sensor-based safety control that prevents motor dry-run during water dispensing. The system integrates an ultrasonic sensor with threshold-based decision logic to measure water level in real time and automatically activate a lockout mechanism when the level falls below the 25 cm safety threshold. This ensures that the motor remains disabled to prevent overheating and mechanical damage. A developmental research design was employed, and the complete system was modeled and tested in the Tinkercad simulation environment. A total of 10 structured test cases were conducted, evaluating sensor accuracy, lockout activation, LED indicators, and motor response. Results showed 100% accuracy in detecting unsafe water levels and instantaneous lockout activation (<0.1 seconds). The system consistently allowed motor operation only under safe conditions and recovered immediately once the water level returned to an acceptable range.
Azah Kamilah Muda, Lum Fu Yuan, Yun-Huoy Choo
SMARTSTOCK is an intelligent warehouse management system developed to overcome long-standing challenges in stock visibility, manual inventory counting, and inefficient resource utilization. The system integrates artificial intelligence, computer vision, and image processing to enable real-time stock detection, customer presence tracking, and parking lot traffic monitoring. Designed to enhance operational transparency and decision-making efficiency, SMARTSTOCK automates key warehouse functions traditionally dependent on manual supervision. The architecture comprises two core modules: an AI-based Video Recognition Module and a Real-Time Visibility and Reporting Module. The AI-based Video Recognition Module incorporates three sub-modules—Stock Detection and Tracking, Client Presence Counting, and Car Park Counting—which employ YOLOv8 models for object detection and the SORT algorithm for object tracking and counting. Experimental evaluation demonstrated high reliability and accuracy, achieving 90.16% for stock tracking, 95% for client presence counting, and 100% for car park occupancy detection. The Real-Time Visibility and Reporting Module provides a unified dashboard for data visualization, live monitoring, and decision support, significantly reducing human error and out-of-stock occurrences. Despite its strong performance, SMARTSTOCK faces limitations related to hardware dependency and difficulty in detecting low-stock items under full occlusion. Future enhancements will focus on cloud-based implementation, model optimization, and integration with point-of-sale systems to achieve comprehensive inventory intelligence. Overall, SMARTSTOCK represents a robust, explainable, and scalable AI-driven framework that advances warehouse automation, improves resource utilization, and strengthens real-time decision-making within retail environments.
Mohd Kasturi Nor Abd Aziz, Nazmizan Muhammad, Nor Hudi’in Dadoo@Danu, Nor Syamimi Mohamed Adnan
The escalating prevalence of social media addiction and its profound implications for psychological well-being necessitate a comprehensive understanding of the field’s global intellectual structure and thematic evolution. Despite the expanding body of literature, a systematic, large-scale mapping is needed to delineate dominant research clusters, key cross-national collaborations, and persistent gaps. Therefore, this bibliometric analysis aims to map the global intellectual structure, productivity trends, and thematic development of 698 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2015 and 2025, retrieved from the Scopus database. The dataset underwent rigorous preprocessing via OpenRefine for data harmonization, followed by scientific mapping using VOSviewer to generate co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence networks. The analysis indicates a significant and accelerating upward trend in publications, largely dominated by contributions from the United States, China, the United Kingdom, and India, with evidence of complex, multi-clustered international collaboration. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed seven major thematic clusters centered around internet addiction, depression, anxiety, and psychological distress, validating core linkages between problematic social media use and negative mental health outcomes. Critically, the findings reveal a concentrated research focus that implicitly highlights significant future inquiry gaps concerning cross-cultural variability across different global regions, the systematic development of digital well-being intervention strategies, and the integration of robust theoretical frameworks to guide policy. This study offers a high-precision, current overview for international researchers and policymakers, guiding evidence-based decision-making and prioritizing future high-impact research pathways.
Aashriita A/P Muniandy, Alif Hazim Bin Mohd Ashikin, Azlan Abdul Rahim, Fernandez Fredzex, Luqman Hakim Bin Mohd Yushri
This study investigates the relationship between social media usage patterns and mental health outcomes among students at National University of Malaysia. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 43 respondents among undergraduate students using Depression Anxiety Stress Scales DASS 21 and Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques. The analysis examined associations between social media engagement and indicators of mental health, including anxiety, depression, and overall psychological well-being. The findings reveal significant correlations between higher levels of social media use and adverse mental health outcomes. Results from Pearson’s correlation was used to measure the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. The correlation analysis results indicate that stress is strongly and significantly correlated with anxiety (r = 0.744, p < 0.01), depression (r = 0.646, p < 0.01), and internet addiction (r = 0.596, p < 0.01). Overall, the study found that social media use can contribute to internet addiction and negatively affect mental health, including stress, anxiety, and depression. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and evidence-based strategies to promote healthier digital behaviors and support students’ psychological well-being.
Abdullateef Adeniyi Onabanjo, Abimbola Ebunoluwa Akinmoladun, Comfort Oyinlola Oyafunke-Omoniyi
This paper examines how social media influences cosmetic body culture among Nigerian women, focusing on the interaction between digital beauty standards and local cultural norms. Drawing on a conceptual review and sociological theories such as Symbolic Interactionism, Foucault’s disciplinary power, Bourdieu’s cultural capital, and Goffman’s dramaturgy, the study explains how platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook promote idealised images of slimness, lighter skin, and enhanced body shapes. These digital portrayals intensify social comparison, body dissatisfaction, and pressures to conform to globalised beauty practices, including skin lightening and cosmetic surgery. The review also highlights how Nigerian women negotiate these ideals, blending Westernised aesthetics with indigenous perspectives, particularly Yoruba epistemologies that link physical appearance with moral and spiritual identity. Intersectional factors; gender, class, and age; further shape women’s experiences of beauty and cosmetic consumption, while the psychological implications include lowered self-esteem, anxiety, and heightened self-surveillance. Ethical concerns related to body commodification, inequality, and unregulated cosmetic markets are identified. The paper concludes by emphasising the need for media literacy, culturally informed interventions, and regulatory frameworks to promote healthier beauty practices in Nigeria’s digital era.
Chiu Qian Fei, Mariatul Liza Meor Gheda, Nor Aslina Abd Jalil, Nurul Fairuz Buang, Sharifah Rosfashida Syed Abd Latif
Digital connectivity has become a central channel for patients to share their experiences with healthcare services, particularly through platforms such as Facebook, Google Reviews, and X. These online spaces offer fast, visible feedback that mirrors long-standing patient-experience concerns, especially around communication, empathy, waiting times, and staff responsiveness. This study examines digital patient feedback within Malaysian healthcare by analysing sentiment patterns from 2,000 social media posts and exploring how healthcare staff interpret and respond to such feedback. A convergent mixed-methods design was used, combining sentiment analysis with 28 semi-structured interviews involving administrators, project managers, frontline staff, and customer-service personnel. The sentiment analysis showed that patient care and communication attracted the highest share of positive posts, with favourable narratives highlighting empathy and professionalism. Staff responsiveness recorded the most negative sentiment, driven by delays and difficulties obtaining assistance. Monthly trends and statistical tests confirmed that sentiment varied across time, reflecting operational pressures and seasonal workload patterns. The interviews revealed that while digital feedback is valued for its immediacy, organisations struggle with high volumes of unstructured comments, limited analytic tools, inconsistent review processes, and uncertainty about who holds responsibility for acting on online narratives. Participants noted that acknowledging feedback strengthens trust, while ignoring concerns undermines confidence and discourages future engagement. Challenges included resource constraints, manual workflows, skills gaps, and cultural resistance to adopting digital practices. Together, the findings show that social media provides meaningful insight into patient expectations and service bottlenecks, but its value depends on organisational readiness, structured processes, and a culture that supports the use of patient voice in decision-making. The study highlights the relevance of integrating digital feedback into routine quality-improvement and project-management systems to strengthen healthcare responsiveness in Malaysia.
Dr. Keshab Chandra Dhara, Dr. Paramita Dasgupta, Dr. Shyam Sundar Kesh, Dr. Uttam Roy, Mr. Biman Sarkar, Mr. Suprava Roy, Ms. Aditi Datta, Ms. Disha Banerjee, Ms. Shrestha Roy
The socio-demographic profile of farmers is a crucial determinant of agricultural development, technology adoption, and livelihood resilience. This study analysed the socio-economic characteristics of 31,742 farmers across five aspirational districts of West Bengal (Birbhum, Nadia, Malda, Dakshin Dinajpur, and Murshidabad) under the DBT-funded Biotech-KISAN Hub Programme. Primary data were collected using a structured survey schedule, and analysed through descriptive statistics and inferential tests (χ², ANOVA). Results revealed feminization of agriculture (63.27% female farmers), dominance of smallholder farming (64.14% ≤2 ha), and prevalence of joint family systems (61.85%). Educational attainment was low, with only 8.79% graduates, and nearly half of households earned ≤₹5,000/month. However, training exposure was relatively high (84.02%), correlating with significantly better incomes (p < 0.01). Youth farmers (<35 years) earned more than older counterparts, while male farmers earned higher than females. The study highlights critical challenges—low mechanization, income vulnerability, limited landholding and opportunities for gender empowerment, youth engagement, smallholder-focused policy, and inclusive agricultural strategies. Findings provide evidence for designing targeted interventions to accelerate socio-economic transformation in aspirational districts.
Chacko P George
Somatoform and dissociative disorders exemplify the complex interplay between psychological conflict and physical symptomatology, where unresolved emotional trauma, stress, and maladaptive cognitive schemas manifest as tangible physical symptoms. This paper examines bidirectional communication between the brain and body, highlighting neurophysiological mechanisms—including the autonomic nervous system, limbic structures, and cardiac conduction pathways—that mediate psychosomatic conversion. Four clinical case studies illustrate how emotional trauma, interpersonal conflict, and misconceptions about medical conditions can produce seizure-like episodes, conversion paralysis, dissociative symptoms, and psychosomatic distress. Guided psychotherapeutic interventions, emotional processing, and psychoeducation facilitated symptom alleviation, improved emotional regulation, and enhanced adaptive decision-making. Interdisciplinary collaboration between medical and mental health professionals ensured that somatic manifestations were appropriately addressed without unnecessary medicalization, while also reducing stigma and promoting patient empowerment. Central to this exploration is the Estrophrodite–Androphrodite psychospiritual model, which posits that balanced integration of relational–receptive and assertive–executive psychospiritual energies is essential for emotional and physiological homeostasis.18 case reports and ,5 detailed studies of clinical observations support that conscious integration of these dual energies mitigates psychosomatic symptom severity and fosters resilience. These findings underscore the value of integrative mind–body approaches in assessment and treatment, demonstrating that holistic therapeutic strategies can effectively bridge psychological and somatic domains, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and promoting comprehensive mental health care.
Dr. Mohamed Shadi, Mostafa Ahmed
Arabic is widely celebrated as a “living and powerful language” – boasting over 400 million speakers and official status across 22 Arab states – yet evidence of its declining societal role reveals an underappreciated security risk. This paper reframes the erosion of Arabic not as a cultural footnote but as a first-order national security challenge. Building on the Socio-Political-Historical (SPH) conceptual foundation, the paper integrates sociolinguistic capital theory and linguistic hegemony to illustrate how Arabic language attrition – manifesting through domain losses and prestige decline – can unravel social cohesion. The paper critique conventional language vitality indices (e.g., UNESCO’s World Atlas of Languages and Ethnologue’s EGIDS) for their static, lagging indicators that deem Arabic “Safe” and argue they fail to capture dynamic early-warning signs of shift. In response, the paper present SPH-LENS (Socio-Political-Historical Language Early Warning and National-Security System), a new framework that operationalises Arabic attrition risk monitoring. SPH-LENS comprises three core dimensions – Socioeconomic (S), Political (P), and Historical (H) – each justified theoretically and populated with concrete, measurable indicators from existing global data (e.g., UIS, OpenAlex, WIPO, W3Techs, Wikimedia, EF EPI, Constitute Project, Freedom House, World Bank GTMI, and UNESCO media statistics).
Divya Midhunchakkaravarthy, Kavita Mootoosamy, Rasak Bamidele
This study uses the framework of Stakeholder Theory to examine how stakeholders perceive and contribute to the implementation of ethical and successful education policies in Mauritius. The theory offers a framework for investigating the ways in which accountability, awareness, and participation affect the results of policies. The study utilised a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative insights from stakeholder interviews with quantitative analysis of 150 survey responses. Stakeholders' opinions and their responsibilities showed a moderately strong positive correlation (R = 0.684, R² = 0.468) according to descriptive and inferential statistics, confirming a significant relationship (F (1,148) = 24.22, p <.001). The ethical and efficient implementation of policies is greatly improved by stakeholders' awareness (β = 0.68, CR = 7.41) and participation (β = 0.62, p =.000), according to structural equation modelling. Themes of cooperative governance, ethical awareness, responsibility, and ongoing capacity building were highlighted by the qualitative findings. The study concludes that ethical consciousness and inclusive participation are essential to maintaining efficient policy governance. To improve institutional efficiency and moral integrity in Mauritius's educational system, it suggests transparent monitoring systems, regular ethical training, and organised participation mechanisms.
Bucumi Anicet, Johnson Changeiywo, Noah Murumba Kiveu, Ogola Leo
Gender disparities in access to education remain a major challenge in Rumonge District, raising questions about the effectiveness of school-based counselling services in promoting gender equity. This study explored stakeholders’ perceptions on effectiveness of counselling services in enhancing gender equity in access to education. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys with students and interviews with headteachers and key informants. This study was guided by the health belief model and Liberal theory which explain how counselling influences learners’ access, retention, and progression in education. Findings indicated that counselling positively affected educational outcomes, the majority of students represented by 62.4% had positive perceptions of the effectiveness of counselling services in promoting gender equity in access to education. Counselling was critical in addressing barriers such as early pregnancy and socio-cultural pressures affecting girls as addressed by key informants; however, stakeholders highlighted that its effectiveness was limited by shortages of trained personnel, irregular services, and inadequate facilities. Strengthening professional capacity, institutional support, and resource allocation is essential to maximize the role of counselling in enhancing gender equity in education.
Dr. bramwel Matui Namtala, Dr. Paul Abiero Opondo, Wilfred Chacha Rotich
The number of Internally Displaced Population has been on rise in the recent past due to natural disasters, conflicts, and violence. IDPs encamp plight can easily be responded to by state and non-state actors. However, the nature of non-camp IDPs makes it difficult for state and non-state actors to respond to their plight. This study delve to examine the state interventions on social-economic wellbeing of IDPs in Non-Camp settlement in Baringo County, Kenya. This study was led by the following two objectives; to find out the effectiveness of assistance by state agents to non-camp IDPs, and to examine the effectiveness of the state assistance on social economic welfare of the non-camp IDPs in Baringo County, Kenya. The study adopted exploratory and explanatory research design. It utilized a mixed methodology where 167 response was from semi-structured questionnaires, 3 interviews, and 3 focused groups discussion. The data ware analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The study findings were; on the effectiveness of State interventions, majority of the respondents (56.2%) felt that state agents were not effective, (22.2%) opined that state gents were slightly effective, (14.4%) effective, while (7.2%) felt that the state was effective. On the second objective; especially in areas that fall under its domain; particularly, security assistance rated at (9.5%) and education rated at (11.3%). The study concludes that the non-camp IDPs in Baringo County are still in dire need of government support. The study recommends that all stakeholders led by the government of Kenya should work together to ensure that the plight of IDPs is addressed.
Abdul Mutalib Mohamed Azim, Azmi Bin Mohamed, Mohd Tajuzzaman Hassanor
This study examines the mechanisms through which employee green competency (GC) translates into green innovation (GI) within the Malaysian manufacturing sector. It specifically investigates the dual role of strategic thinking (ST) as a mediator and moderator in the relationship between GC and GI. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 300-350 employees in Malaysian manufacturing firms with ISO 14001 or other green certifications. The collected data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses concerning the direct, indirect, and conditional effects among the variables. The results confirm that Green Competency positively influences both Green Innovation (β = 0.409) and Strategic Thinking (β = 0.319). Strategic Thinking, in turn, is a strong predictor of Green Innovation (β = 0.431). Crucially, the findings support the dual role of Strategic Thinking. It acts as a significant mediator, with an indirect effect of 0.137, suggesting it is a key pathway through which GC influences GI. Furthermore, Strategic Thinking positively moderates the GC-GI relationship (β = 0.227), indicating that the effect of green competencies on innovation is amplified when employees possess higher levels of strategic thinking. For manufacturing firms aiming to enhance sustainability, this research underscores the need to cultivate not only green skills but also strategic thinking capabilities among their employees. Fostering a workforce that can anticipate long-term environmental trends and align sustainability goals with innovative actions is critical for maximizing the return on investment in green competencies. This study provides a nuanced understanding of the GC-GI link by being one of the first to empirically validate the dual role of strategic thinking as both a cognitive bridge (mediator) and an amplifier (moderator). It offers a comprehensive model grounded in the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, providing actionable insights for the Malaysian manufacturing sector.
Bajilla Felex, Ebrima Saine
This systematic review critically examines the strategies and challenges of implementing Zimbabwe's Education 5.0 policy which is a main pathway for innovation and industrialization. Education 5.0 was made to transform higher education as the backbone for innovation and industrialization. A qualitative reviewing of existing literature, the research highlighted an important disconnection between the policy's ambitious goals and the existing implementation systems. The results reveal that the policy is affected by a structural problem and limited resources, including inadequate of funding innovation hubs and lack of digital infrastructure. In addition, main problem in human capacity such as limited educator training and digital literacy and fragmented governance structures, top-down system reforms and lack of stakeholder involvement, continuously derail progress. However, these barriers, the systematic literature review provides strategic opportunities, involving luting public-private organization and align the policy with national development goals and social sustainability standards. The research finalized that in the absence of a structured, multi-pronged approach that simultaneously addresses funding, capacity building, and participatory governance, Education 5.0 will remain a largely rhetorical commitment. The results provide significant insights for policymakers and implementers seeking to operationalize this transformative educational model journey in Zimbabwe and beyond in similar developing contexts.
Dr. Franciscah Irangi Wamocho, Dr. Nelly Were Otube, Oluchiri Andeyo Joan
Learners with cerebral palsy experience motor and communication challenges as a result of their condition. As children with cerebral palsy grow into adults, these difficulties persist. The study aimed to analyze how teaching strategies employed by educators influence the academic achievement of learners with cerebral palsy at Joyland Special Primary School for the Physically Disabled in Kisumu County, Kenya. A case study approach was adopted for this research with a target population of 156. Joyland Special Primary School was specifically chosen since it is the largest school in the area for students with disabilities, the majority of whom have cerebral palsy. One head teacher, thirty-two teachers, and sixty-nine students made up the 102 participants in the study sample. Teachers were given questionnaires, the head teacher was interviewed, and students with cerebral palsy participated in focus group discussions as part of the data collection process. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to code, analyze, and show quantitative data using descriptive statistics including frequencies, tables, and percentages. Thematic and content analysis were utilized to examine the qualitative data. The results uncovered that teachers tended to use strategies they found most convenient, often due to their heavy workload. Learners with cerebral palsy experienced physical strain when participating in subjects like mathematics and sciences, which required manipulation of apparatus and experiments. Consequently, they showed a preference for activities related to daily living and social studies. Subjects such as Kiswahili and English were less favored, partly because some learners faced communication difficulties. Based on these findings, the researcher recommends that the Teachers Service Commission urgently assign more qualified teachers capable of supporting learners with cerebral palsy at Joyland School; conduct ongoing in-service training for teachers in this field; incorporate cerebral palsy-related content into special needs education (SNE) teacher training curricula; redesign classrooms to better accommodate learners with cerebral palsy; and provide assistive technologies and modern wheelchairs. Additionally, the Ministry of Education should ensure that learners with disabilities are not disadvantaged and that adequate support systems are in place.
Afua Asantewaa Asante
This research presents a comprehensive CWPP-enabled framework tailored for securing healthcare cloud workloads, specifically focusing on cloud-based health data warehouses (HDWs) that integrate heterogeneous clinical data sources for analytics and decision support. Drawing on contemporary literature, industry research, and real-world implementations, this paper analyzes the healthcare cloud threat landscape, evaluates CWPP architectural components, and proposes an end-to-end framework integrating runtime monitoring, micro segmentation, continuous compliance, and DevSecOps-aligned scanning. Demonstrations and system diagrams illustrate how CWPPs intervene in attack chains, reduce breach impact, and defend PHI-processing workloads. A comparative analysis of leading CWPP solutions (Prisma Cloud, Microsoft Defender for Cloud, Trend Micro Deep Security) is included to highlight operational relevance for healthcare IT environments. Findings show that CWPPs significantly enhance resilience, reduce misconfigurations, and strengthen compliance readiness in healthcare HDW ecosystems. The proposed framework can guide healthcare organizations toward establishing workload-centric, adaptive, and regulatory-aligned security architecture suitable for modern cloud operations.
Gustini, Nur Aima Shafie, Rudi Martiawan, Siti Nur Atika Shahari
The Society 5.0 era demands the strengthening of adaptive, innovative, and highly competitive human resources (HR) through the utilization of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI). This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach with the PRISMA model to identify HR strengthening strategies amidst technological disruption. Literature sources were obtained from accredited international and national journals and selected through identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion stages. The results indicate that the integration of AI, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and talent analytics drives recruitment efficiency, AI-based training, and automated performance assessments. Emerging challenges include the digital literacy gap, ethical use of AI, and data protection. The study's recommendations emphasize the importance of reskilling, upskilling, strengthening soft skills, and transparent, human-centered technology governance to realize the inclusive and sustainable vision of Society 5.0.
Mohd Hafiz Zakaria, Muhammad Haziq Lim Abdullah, Nor Farah Naquiah Mohamad Daud
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by persistent deficits in social interaction, communication difficulties, restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These impairments can significantly hinder children's ability to empathise, engage in peer relationships, and manage appropriate social behaviours. In Malaysia, the prevalence of ASD is estimated at approximately 1 in 600 children, reflecting a growing need for effective and inclusive intervention strategies. This study examines the effectiveness of a serious game on the social-emotional skills of children with autism. The study involved eight children aged 5 to 10 years with varying levels of autism severity and was implemented in a classroom setting, supported by three special education teachers. Data collection was conducted through direct classroom observation, interviews with 3 special education teachers, and facial expression recognition to detect emotional responses exhibited by the children with autism during gameplay. The analysis focused on observable changes in emotional expression, engagement levels, and interaction with peers. Findings suggest that the serious game positively influenced the children’s ability to recognise and express emotions, with several instances of improved peer interaction noted during and after gameplay. Teacher feedback further supported these observations, highlighting increased classroom engagement and social participation. The use of facial expression recognition provided objective insights into emotional responses, reinforcing the qualitative findings. Overall, the results demonstrate that game-based intervention, combined with technological tools and educator support, can enhance social-emotional development among children with autism and promote a more inclusive classroom environment.
Clide Lester D. Apresa, Nora Jovina M. Albores
This study aimed to explore and understand the lived experiences of out-of-school youth who did not pursue higher education but were eventually successful in the business and financial fields. The researcher employed a qualitative research design, specifically a phenomenological design. Participants were purposively selected and interviewed in-depth using a validated interview guide. The themes extracted from the lived experiences of out-of-school youth show how they confronted youthful burdens, engaged in work-driven survival, pursued supplementary entrepreneurial endeavors, and gradually advanced their enterprises as they worked toward financial success. Their journey was marked by various struggles, financial, emotional, and situational, yet they continued moving forward. The themes that emerged from their coping mechanisms highlight their resilience amid hardship, reliance on assistance-driven resilience, commitment to disciplined entrepreneurial practices, and willingness to make faith-driven sacrifices. These were expressed through self-upskilling using internet resources, adapting to changing demands, seeking support from others, and holding on to their faith in God. Meanwhile, the insights they shared with the academe and community emphasize the importance of diversifying income strategies, practicing enduring success values, upholding prudent financial management, promoting skill development, and fostering value formation as keys to achieving financial success.
Azurawati Zaidi, Farahidatul Akmar Awaludin, Noor Aileen Ibrahim, Nor Najihah Norafand, Nurul Farhani Che Ghani, Rafidah Abd Karim, Rosida Ahmad Junid
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education, particularly in English as a Second Language (ESL) contexts, has revolutionized how writing is taught and learned. This study investigates UiTM Diploma and Degree students’ engagement and perceptions of AI-powered writing tools such as Grammarly, QuillBot, ChatGPT, and Google Translate in ESL writing classrooms. Adapted from the methodological frameworks of Phan (2023) and Utami et al. (2023), this mixed-method study combined quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) data from 120 UiTM Perak branch, Tapah campus students. Results reveal that students view AI tools as highly accessible, engaging, and effective in improving writing performance, vocabulary range, and grammatical accuracy. However, challenges such as overdependence, limited critical evaluation, and ethical concerns were also identified. Findings suggest that AI tools enhance student engagement and writing motivation when appropriately integrated but should remain supplementary to human teaching. The study offers pedagogical implications for Malaysian ESL lecturers in balancing technological facilitation and academic integrity in the age of AI-assisted learning.
Pramela Krish, Quinie Ong, Wang Ting
Blended learning has been widely implemented in higher education worldwide, and student engagement has become a key concern within this context. The Think-Pair-Share method has been extensively adopted for its potential to foster participation and interaction. However, student engagement is a multidimensional construct, encompassing cognitive, behavioural, and emotional dimensions, and research examining how TPS influences these distinct aspects remains limited. Most existing studies rely on quantitative data to validate the effects of Think-Pair-Share on student engagement and are predominantly situated in Western educational contexts. Thus, this study adopted a qualitative case study approach to investigate how Think-Pair-Share shapes cognitive, behavioural, and emotional engagement in a blended English class at a Chinese university. Data were collected from classroom observations, interviews, and students’ learning journals, and were analysed thematically through iterative coding. The participants were enrolled in a blended English course where the instructor systematically integrated TPS activities into both online and face-to-face instruction. The findings revealed that, in terms of behavioural engagement, the Think-Pair-Share was an external regulator that shifts learners from passive recipients to active participants. Cognitively, TPS was a cognitive scaffold that deepens knowledge construction through dialogic interaction. Emotionally, TPS was a social tool that connects learners by transforming isolated individuals into collaborative peers. Nevertheless, Chinese undergraduates considered TPS more engaging than traditional lectures, yet they perceived it as time-consuming. Although students acknowledged the value of TPS in stimulating critical thinking and expanding perspectives, they expressed scepticism regarding its direct contribution to examinations. These findings highlight a persistent tension between collaborative learning and exam-oriented assessment in Chinese higher education. The study, therefore, calls for a systemic reform of evaluation frameworks in Chinese higher education to better align assessment practices with the goals of student-centred pedagogies such as Think-Pair-Share.
Charina C. Gloria
Students are expected to develop competencies in mathematics that integrate knowledge, skills, and values. Exhibiting these competencies in mathematics is one of the goals of mathematics education. Despite the efforts of the teachers to make students learn and acquire competence in the subject, difficulties are still encountered by the students. This descriptive-correlational research was conducted at Capiz State University during the Second Semester, School Year 2023-2024 to assess the level of acquired competencies, least mastered topics, and performance of first-year college students in Mathematics in the Modern World. Data were gathered using valid and reliable questionnaire, and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results of the study revealed that first-year college students generally had a high level of acquired competencies in terms of knowledge, skills, and values. However, there were topics identified as the least mastered topics namely, logic, sets, inductive and deductive reasoning, measures of dispersion, probability, and correlation. Students had an average level of performance in the subject. The acquired competencies by the respondents were significantly related to their performance. This implies that the higher the competencies acquired by the students, the higher the probability of getting high performance.
Algene E. Pasatiempo, Lois Vangie G. Napalit, Maria Nancy Quinco-Cadosales, Marilyn T. Gubalane
Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) has emerged as a transformative pathway in developing learners’ communicative competence, particularly in digitally-mediated learning environments. This meta-synthesis explores students’ digital learning trajectories by integrating evidence from thirteen peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025. Anchored on sociocultural and interactionist perspectives, the review examines how mobile applications such as Duolingo, HelloTalk, WhatsApp, WeChat, Busuu, and custom MALL platforms shape linguistic, pragmatic, intercultural, and strategic competence. Findings reveal three overarching themes: (1) Digital Interaction as Communicative Accelerator, showing that authentic, real-time exchanges through chat, voice, and video tools enhance fluency, lexical richness, and pragmatic appropriateness; (2) Mobile-Mediated Feedback as Adaptive Scaffolding, where multimodal feedback (text, emojis, audio corrections) supports self-monitoring and reduces language anxiety; and (3) Learner Agency and Mobility, demonstrating that flexible, on-the-go learning promotes autonomy and sustained engagement across varied sociolinguistic contexts. Across studies, MALL is shown to strengthen intercultural competence by enabling cross-cultural interactions and to improve pragmatic awareness through exposure to authentic discourse patterns. However, challenges remain, including digital distractions, uneven access, and the need for teacher guidance in curating meaningful mobile tasks. Overall, this meta-synthesis concludes that students’ digital trajectories within MALL environments significantly contribute to communicative competence, provided that mobile tools are pedagogically aligned and used within socially interactive learning ecosystems.
Ayoola, Nathaniel Olujoba, Ojo, Oluyemi Christianah
Edupreneurial education is a way of preparing individuals to be responsible, self-reliant and enterprising in becoming job creators. Tertiary institutions in Nigeria have embraced edupreneurial skills in the curriculum which prepare students to be self-employed after graduation, early childhood education is not left out. Ever since the introduction of ECE in tertiary institutions, the enrolment of students was high, but recently, enrolment decreased over time. Recently, ECE curriculum was later designed to embracing edupreneurial skills, yet, the decline in enrolment has not increased the reasons yet to be ascertained. The study therefore examines students’ edupreneurial knowledge awareness and skills development in early childhood education. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The population for the study comprised of the students in the faculty od Education of the Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo. Purposive random technique was used to select a faculty, which is the faculty of Education and a Department of ECCE. This is because the study is about students studying early childhood education as a major course. Random sampling method was used to select thirty students from the Department. A self- designed three-sectioned questionnaire named Early Childhood Edupreneurial Awareness and Skills Development Questionnaire (ECEASDQ). The instrument showed a high reliability coefficient results of 0.83, 0.75 and 0.77 respectively using cronbach Alpha. The questionnaires were administered and data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentage, and mean. This study concluded that the level of pre-service teachers on the awareness of edupreneurial skills in ECE is high, that pre-service teachers were able to identify edupreneuiral skills they were exposed to in the course of their exposure to early childhood education and they made choices of different edupreneurial skills they would like to venture in after graduation in other to be self-employed. The study therefore recommended that government should provide funds in terms of loan that could allow graduates of ECE to establish themselves and that current ECE practitioners and entrepreneurs should sensitize the public of their success in the field of Early childhood education.
Ayuni Madarina Abdul Rahman
Teaching and learning writing involves developing students’ linguistic and communicative competence; however, educators continue to face challenges in identifying approaches that effectively support writing development. While various instructional models such as teacher-centred teaching, online learning, and blended learning have been explored, the specific impacts of blended learning on students’ writing performance remain insufficiently studied. This research therefore examines students’ perceptions of learning writing through a blended learning approach, focusing on four key areas: collaborative exchange, self-efficacy, online discussion, and face-to-face interaction. A qualitative research design was employed to collect, analyse, and interpret data. Through purposive sampling, six students who had experienced writing instruction in a blended learning environment were selected. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain insight into their experiences. Findings show that students perceived blended learning as enhancing collaborative exchange, allowing them to share ideas, seek clarification, and support one another more effectively. They also reported improved self-efficacy, as blended activities and regular feedback increased their confidence in expressing ideas and completing writing tasks. In addition, students valued online discussion platforms, which offered greater flexibility, accessibility, and comfort when engaging with writing-related content. At the same time, they emphasised the importance of face-to-face interaction, particularly for receiving clearer explanations, observing non-verbal cues, and strengthening lecturer–student rapport. Overall, the results suggest that blended learning provides a flexible, supportive, and conducive environment that positively influences students’ writing development. The study offers insights that may guide educators in refining blended learning practices for more effective writing instruction.
M Shahinoor Rahman, Mossammad Salma Sultana
This paper examined how literature has contributed to the linguistic and cultural globalization. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of literary work in the development of global communication, identity and intercultural exchange using a qualitative research methodology. In the study, a wide variety of literary resources in terms of geographical and cultural backgrounds such as novels, poetry and essays were employed. To collect data, a comparative analysis of the works of both Global North and South was done, with special reference to the postcolonial literature and world literature, as well as to contemporary narratives. It was based on the theoretical concepts of globalization, postcolonialism and cultural studies which focused on the means through which the local and global identities are in interaction with these literary forms. Thematic coding and discourse analysis were used in the analysis of the data to identify recurrent themes concerning the use of language, representation of culture, and resolution of global-local conflict in literature. The findings indicate that literature is an indicator as well as a cause of globalization, which promotes cross-cultural knowledge as well as negotiates language and cultural identities in a globalized world. The results of the study underscore the interactive nature of language, culture and globalization, and therefore provide information on how literature can shape and confront the prevailing global discourses.
BLINOVA Anastasiia, LI Yanping
This article explores the social, emotional, and learning experiences of international doctoral students enrolled at Chinese universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses in particular on students who were required to continue their programmes online while residing either outside China or on Chinese campuses under varying degrees of public-health restrictions. Using a qualitative, exploratory design, the study draws on semi-structured interviews with four first-year international PhD students. It analyses the data through the lens of Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) theory. The findings show that students experienced: (a) in the social domain, reduced opportunities for informal interaction, limited access to academic networks, and delays in communication with supervisors and teachers; (b) in the emotional domain, loneliness, uncertainty about academic trajectories, and strong social and self-imposed expectations; and (c) in the learning domain, language barriers, unstable internet access, and fewer opportunities for discussion and feedback. At the same time, participants demonstrated high motivation, drew on family and peer support, and engaged in active problem-solving to cope with challenges. The study argues that social, emotional, and learning experiences are closely intertwined and jointly shape students’ ability to progress in their studies. It concludes by outlining implications for universities and supervisors, including the need to integrate SEL-informed support, strengthen communication and feedback mechanisms, and provide targeted academic and psychosocial services for international doctoral students during and beyond crises.
BLINOVA Anastasiia,
This article explores the social, emotional, and learning experiences of international doctoral students enrolled at Chinese universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses in particular on students who were required to continue their programmes online while residing either outside China or on Chinese campuses under varying degrees of public-health restrictions. Using a qualitative, exploratory design, the study draws on semi-structured interviews with four first-year international PhD students. It analyses the data through the lens of Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) theory. The findings show that students experienced: (a) in the social domain, reduced opportunities for informal interaction, limited access to academic networks, and delays in communication with supervisors and teachers; (b) in the emotional domain, loneliness, uncertainty about academic trajectories, and strong social and self-imposed expectations; and (c) in the learning domain, language barriers, unstable internet access, and fewer opportunities for discussion and feedback. At the same time, participants demonstrated high motivation, drew on family and peer support, and engaged in active problem-solving to cope with challenges. The study argues that social, emotional, and learning experiences are closely intertwined and jointly shape students’ ability to progress in their studies. It concludes by outlining implications for universities and supervisors, including the need to integrate SEL-informed support, strengthen communication and feedback mechanisms, and provide targeted academic and psychosocial services for international doctoral students during and beyond crises.
Alexander James B. Traqueña
This study focused on how Grade 11 ACADS-A students of Bestlink College of the Philippines Sapang Palay, San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan (A.Y. 2025–2026) subconsciously use rhetorical tropes to express unvoiced thoughts and emotions toward their parents or guardians. Adolescents (12-18 years of age) often experience complex feelings such as disappointment, stress, alienation, and suppressed emotions that cannot be fully conveyed by literal language due to limited language resources and emotional literacy. Guided by the latter that figurative languages were utilized to cope with this gap, the study aimed to identify the types of rhetorical tropes students mostly use, the emotions behind them, and how these indirect expressions may contribute to communication breakdown.
Alphonce Jon Amuli, Fredrick Mtenzi, Jane F.A Rarieya, Lucas J. Mzelela, Maulid Jumanne Maulid, Nyagwegwe C. Wango, Richard Ibrahim Sungura
This study sought to investigate the role of school leadership and management in supporting teachers towards preparation and use of gender-responsive teaching and learning materials in pre and primary schools. The study was conducted in four districts of Lindi region Tanzania in which the study population was 24,700 education stakeholders. A sample size of 1059 respondents including 344 teachers, 49 head teachers, 196 school committee members, 392 pupils, 24 District School Quality Assurance Officers, 49 Ward Education officers, and 4 District Pre and Primary Education Officers was selected for the study through purposive, simple random and quota sampling techniques. The study employed a convergent research design within the framework of a mixed research approach in which data were collected by using questionnaire, interview, focus group discussions, observations and documentary review methods. The findings revealed that, school leadership and management plays a significant role in supporting teachers toward preparation of gender-responsive schemes of work and lesson plans; significantly supports teachers in preparing gender-responsive teaching and learning aids; and significantly supports teachers towards preparation of gender-responsive lesson notes. Based on the findings, the study recommends for an adoption of a more structured approach to integrating gender-responsive pedagogical practices in teaching and learning; making gender-responsive material preparation a mandatory component of teacher training and supervision frameworks; ensure ongoing professional development for teachers, ensure sufficient instructional resources and clear guidelines on implementing gender-responsive teaching.
Airil Haimi Mohd Adnan
This empirical research investigates the use of video-based learning (VBL) amongst secondary school teachers in Malaysia, focusing on instructional video creation, pedagogical value, student engagement strategies and system-wide challenges (a survey was carried out with primary teachers and reported in another paper). Data were collected in 2025 through an online survey involving 253 postgraduate Diploma in Education candidates aged between 26 and 43. The sample reflected Malaysia’s multi-ethnicity and comprised 72 males and 181 females. All of the respondents held undergraduate degrees and were completing their final practicum placements as student-teachers. The survey instrument consisted of 32 items structured around four central questions. The findings indicate that whilst a minority of teachers create original contents, such as explainer videos and micro-learning segments, the majority actively source subject-specific VBL materials aligned with the national curriculum. Respondents consistently rated VBL as highly effective in simplifying complex concepts and enhancing visual understanding for students in Forms 1 to 5. Design features such as video length (three to five minutes), real-world examples, age-appropriate presentation and visual signalling techniques were considered effective in sustaining attention and promoting cognitive engagement. However, several barriers to VBL integration were identified. These included limited access to technical infrastructure, insufficient training in video production and time constraints resulting from heavy teaching schedules. The findings highlight the need for targeted professional development, improved system-wide support and consideration of workload issues to enable sustainable adoption of VBL in Malaysian secondary schools.
Dr. M. Subramanyam, Dr. V. Jagadeeswari
By 2030, India is expected to have the largest working-age population globally, yet providing economically viable jobs for general stream students remains a major challenge. Improving employability necessitates a new approach and curricular support, as outlined in NEP-2020. The tourism sector is vital for the growth of many developing countries, offering millions of jobs and fostering creativity and entrepreneurship. Digital technologies provide new opportunities by enabling small tourism businesses in these countries to access the global travel market directly for the first time. On World Tourism Day, the World Bank Group and its partners are examining how digital innovations can promote sustainable tourism for development. The government expects the Digital India Program to empower citizens digitally, enhance governance, deliver on-demand services, and establish digital infrastructure as a utility for all. To support this, a standardized data exchange system with clear data-sharing guidelines must be implemented, ensuring reliable transfer of digital data across networks of public and private service providers for users.
Feng Jinghan, Ji Xiaomeng, Noor Mala Ibrahim, Shao Wenjing, Ungku Khairunnisa Ungku Mohd Nordin, Zhao Lijin
Conceptual metaphor analysis in ecological news has emerged as a pivotal intersection of cognitive linguistics and environmental communication. To map the domain’s status and evolution (2010–2024), this study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) adhering to the PRISMA statement, analyzing 46 peer-reviewed studies across Scopus, ProQuest, and CNKI. The SLR found that conceptual metaphor research in ecological news grew steadily over the period, with Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) dominating as the core framework (57% of studies). Most research focused on discursive and awareness-level objectives, while behavioural impact studies remained scarce. The review also identified key gaps, including fragmented analytical frameworks, overfocus on mainstream print media, and limited cross-regional collaboration. Future trends include interdisciplinary integration (e.g., CMT with environmental psychology), multimodal metaphor analysis, and experimental behavioural validation. This SLR provides a holistic overview of the field, offering valuable references for scholars and practitioners in ecological communication and cognitive discourse studies.
IGAA Noviekayati, Masul Hadi, Suhadianto
Academic stress has become a major global mental health concern among university students. It negatively affects psychological well-being, academic performance, and physical health, yet a comprehensive understanding of its worldwide trends, causes, and impacts over the past 15 years remains limited. This systematic review aims to identify the global prevalence of academic stress and analyze its causal factors and psychological implications from 2010–2025. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method based on PRISMA 2020, this study searched ScienceDirect (Elsevier) and Google Scholar via Publish or Perish. From 1,498 initial articles, 58 met the inclusion criteria and were assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Keywords included academic stress, student stress, prevalence, factors, and psychological implications. Results show that 46.6% of studies reported high academic stress, indicating a rising global trend. Academic factors (workload, limited time, academic competition), psychological factors (self-concept, personal stress, low confidence or self-efficacy), social–interpersonal factors (family expectations, lecturer pressure, low social support), and contextual–environmental factors (language barriers, financial issues, limited technology) were identified as key contributors. Academic stress leads to significant psychological, cognitive-motivational, socialbehavioral, well-being, and physiological consequences. Findings highlight the need for psychological interventions, educational reforms, and policies supporting students’ mental health.
Azhan Rashid Senawi, Shariff Harun
The advancement of tablets and applications in education is crucial, particularly regarding the impact of mobile smart devices on performance in tertiary-level economics. This tertiary-level course examines mobile smart devices and applications via the perspectives of digital literacy and student involvement. The study employed structural equation modeling as its digital methodology, analyzing the model's validators for scope and relevance based on established standards of beta coefficients, t-values, p-values, and R-squared (R2) in relation to the responses of two hundred and fifty undergraduates. The investigation indicated that tablets and mobile applications significantly enhanced digital literacy, engagement, and student performance. Of the three, digital literacy emerged as the most significant mediator. The study demonstrated a robust R2 of 0.789 related to student performance. Therefore, enhancing performance by fostering participation and digital literacy is a crucial finding that education authorities, including the ministry, universities, and schools, should address by incorporating technology into the curriculum to improve digital literacy. Specifically, rural participation in the improvement of digital engagement instruments. Future research should incorporate longitudinal and cross-cultural studies to enhance and expand these findings.
Azhan Rashid Senawi, Shariff Harun
The advancement of tablets and applications in education is crucial, particularly regarding the impact of mobile smart devices on performance in tertiary-level economics. This tertiary-level course examines mobile smart devices and applications via the perspectives of digital literacy and student involvement. The study employed structural equation modeling as its digital methodology, analyzing the model's validators for scope and relevance based on established standards of beta coefficients, t-values, p-values, and R-squared (R2) in relation to the responses of two hundred and fifty undergraduates. The investigation indicated that tablets and mobile applications significantly enhanced digital literacy, engagement, and student performance. Of the three, digital literacy emerged as the most significant mediator. The study demonstrated a robust R2 of 0.789 related to student performance. Therefore, enhancing performance by fostering participation and digital literacy is a crucial finding that education authorities, including the ministry, universities, and schools, should address by incorporating technology into the curriculum to improve digital literacy. Specifically, rural participation in the improvement of digital engagement instruments. Future research should incorporate longitudinal and cross-cultural studies to enhance and expand these findings.
Dawuk Walshak Danjuma Msc. FCA, Dr. Seopding Benard Alkali PhD, FCA, Nkat Timdi Joseph Msc.
Purpose– This paper examined tax compliance and voluntary disclosure among SMEs in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach– Based on the registered SMEs lists obtained from SMEDAN, 400 SMEs were sampled for data collection. Regression was used to estimate the relationships between the variables of tax compliance and voluntary disclosure among SMEs in Nigeria. Findings– The results of the analysis revealed that Complex tax laws, Quality of Management, Trust in Government, Tax Education and Tax Amnesty have significant relationship with voluntary disclosure of SMEs in Nigeria. Originality/value–To the best knowledge of the authors, this paper is the first to investigate tax compliance using Quality of management and tax amnesty as variables to measure voluntary disclosure among SMEs in Nigeria. Therefore, this study makes a modest contribution to empirical studies that Quality of management and tax amnesty are some of the variables that can enhance voluntary disclosure of information by SMEs in Nigeria.
Abduloh Usof, Mohammad Taufiq Abdul Ghani, Muhammad Afiq Anuar, Nazri Atoh, Zarima Mohd Zakaria
Student disengagement in Arabic language classes is a growing concern in Malaysian secondary schools, particularly in the state of Perak. Factors such as a non-conducive environment, limited relevance to daily life, unbalanced curricula and traditional teaching methods contribute to this issue. This study aims to examine the strategies employed by Arabic language teacher trainees during practicum to address student disinterest and evaluate their impact on learning outcomes and engagement. A qualitative research design was employed. Structured interviews were conducted with six teacher trainees in Perak who had completed their practicum. Thematic analysis was used to extract core themes and patterns from the transcribed responses. The findings identified seven key strategies: strengthening the DSKP, creative interactivity, authentic contextualization, gamification, audiovisual tools, collaborative learning and cooperative pedagogy. These approaches led to noticeable improvements in student motivation, confidence and classroom participation. Effective strategies included natural acquisition, positive interaction and melodic learning. Trainee teachers, supported by institutions like PuLaMI at UPSI, demonstrate that adaptive, student-centered approaches can significantly enhance Arabic language education. Embedding such strategies in teacher training curricula is vital to revitalizing Arabic learning and addressing student apathy in 21st-century classrooms.
Chaffi Cyrille Ivan, Fonkeng Epah George, Langji Rufine Kialah
The rapid advancement of technology and globalization has transformed the skills required for effective participation in the 21st-century knowledge economy. Education systems, including that of Cameroon, are increasingly expected to support the development of learners’ critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication, and digital literacy skills. Achieving this goal largely depends on teachers’ professional capacity to integrate technology into instructional practices. However, limited teacher preparation in information and communication technology (ICT) remains a major challenge in many public secondary schools. This study examines the role of teacher training and technology integration in enhancing the development of 21st-century skills in government secondary schools in the Mfoundi Division of Yaounde, Cameroon. Guided by Human Capital Theory and Track Theory, the study conceptualizes teacher training as a strategic investment that enhances pedagogical and technological competencies necessary for skill-oriented teaching. A survey research design was adopted, involving 380 teachers drawn from six government secondary schools. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson product–moment correlation. Findings indicate that while teachers demonstrate strong competence in lesson planning, reflective practice, and instructional strategies, their level of technology integration remains relatively low. The results further reveal a statistically significant relationship between teacher training and technology-supported practices associated with 21st-century skills. The study underscores the need for systematic and sustained professional development programs that emphasize digital literacy, learner-centered pedagogy, and collaborative professional learning communities. Strengthening teacher training is therefore essential for supporting 21st-century skills development and advancing human capital development in Cameroon.
Mohammad Taufiq Abdul Ghani, Mutthahirah Jaafar
This study aims to explore the skills required by teachers in developing interactive learning materials to enhance students' Arabic language proficiency in the contemporary educational landscape. As digital transformation reshapes language pedagogy, understanding teachers' competencies and challenges in creating interactive materials has become increasingly critical for effective Arabic language instruction. This study aims to explore the skills required by teachers in developing interactive learning materials to enhance students’ Arabic language proficiency. A qualitative approach employing semi-structured interviews was conducted with 12 Arabic language teachers from government-aided religious schools (SABK) in Malaysia, selected through purposive sampling .to ensure diverse teaching experiences and institutional contexts. The interview transcripts were analysed thematically using Atlas.ti 2.T0. he interview transcripts were systematically analysed thematically using Atlas.ti 2.0 software, enabling rigorous identification of recurring patterns and emerging themes related to teachers' competencies and pedagogical practices. The findings identify three key domains of skills essential for teachers: (i) technological competence as the foundation pillar for producing interactive materials, (ii) professional development strategies to continuously enhance teachers’ expertise, and (iii) the ability to implement and adapt materials according to students’ proficiency levels. The results underline the importance of digital literacy and flexible pedagogical strategies in enabling teachers to effectively address the challenges of developing interactive Arabic learning materials. The results underline the critical importance of digital literacy and flexible pedagogical strategies in enabling teachers to effectively address the multifaceted challenges of developing interactive Arabic learning materials in resource-constrained environments. The study suggests that structured and sustained support from various stakeholders including educational institutions, policymakers and technology providers, is necessary to strengthen teachers' capacity in producing high-quality interactive materials that positively impact students' language proficiency, engagement and motivation in Arabic language learning.The study suggests that structured support from various stakeholders is necessary to strengthen teachers’ capacity in producing high-quality interactive materials that positively impact students’ language proficiency.
Lazaros Moysiadis
This article presents a thematic analysis of language teachers' perceptions of professional transformation following participation in European educational programs (Erasmus+ and eTwinning). Based on interview data from six language educators (teaching English, German, and French across Europe), the study addresses the research question: How do teachers perceive their professional transformation after participating in European programs? Findings reveal transformative shifts across four interconnected dimensions: (1) identity reconfiguration from knowledge transmitter to facilitator; (2) pedagogical methodology change toward collaboration, technology integration, and authentic communication; (3) enhanced professional confidence and leadership positioning; and (4) sustained participation in transnational professional networks. Language teachers report fundamental shifts in pedagogical philosophies, classroom practices, professional confidence, and international relationships, with particular emphasis on collaborative, student-centered, and digitally-mediated approaches. The article argues that European programs catalyze profound professional reorientation among language educators, fostering agency, intercultural competence, and adaptive pedagogical practice that extends beyond individual classrooms to systemic educational change.
Irene O. Mamites, Janine Joy L. Tenerife-Cañete, Jemima M. Tandag, John De Vera, Ma. Lowela S. Salarda, Raymond C. Espina, Regina E. Sitoy, Reylan G. Capuno
Inclusive education is an essential approach to ensure that all learners, regardless of their abilities, receive equal opportunities to learn and succeed. This study used a convergent parallel mixed methods design to assess the competency of Key Stage 1 public school teachers in handling learners with special educational needs at Dao Elementary School, Tagbilaran City Schools Division, during the school year 2024–2025. Quantitative data were obtained through a validated survey questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews and examined through Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA). The findings revealed that teachers demonstrated a competent level of preparedness in managing learners with special educational needs. Among the areas assessed, attitudes obtained the highest mean score, followed by knowledge, while skills ranked lowest. There were no significant differences in competency when teachers were grouped according to age, specialization, length of service, or educational attainment. The major challenges identified included difficulty in managing learner behavior, heavy workload, lack of learning resources, limited special education training, and emotional exhaustion. Despite these concerns, teachers showed strong moral dedication and adaptability in addressing the needs of their learners. The study concludes that while teachers display positive attitudes toward inclusive education, there remain gaps in their technical and instructional competencies. An action plan was developed to strengthen teachers’ competency through focused training, provision of appropriate resources, emotional and professional support, and institutional promotion of inclusive practices. The study emphasizes the need for continuous, skills-based professional development to improve inclusive teaching and uphold educational equity for learners with special needs.
Anna Lisa A. Dosaban, Riza Beltran-Salipong
This study investigated the computer literacy of public elementary teachers and its impact on their performance in Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan within the Getafe 1 and Getafe 2 districts of Bohol during the school year 2023-2024. It aimed to profile teachers by age, gender, teaching experience, performance, and engagement in ICT training while assessing their computer literacy across various skills. The research employed a descriptive-correlational design, surveying 62 teachers. Findings revealed a significant correlation between the teachers' profiles, namely age, gender, teaching experience, and computer literacy. However, there was no notable difference in computer literacy when evaluating learners based on their IPCRF, ICT training, or DCP packages. Interestingly, gender differences among teachers were linked to learners' performance in EPP-ICT, but overall, teacher profiles remained consistent across several categories without influencing learner performance. In addition, the study found no significant relationship between teachers' computer literacy and students' EPP-ICT outcomes. The study concludes by recommending enhanced supervision in digitalization efforts within the educational system. It emphasizes the need for teacher training, ICT infrastructure improvements, and hands-on gadget usage for students to prepare them for 21st-century demands better.
Jose Jessie G. Saloma, Lindy C. Lulab
The study aimed to determine the teachers’ level of technology integration knowledge and technology integration in different learning areas among teachers in rural school. There were 78 teachers who responded of the survey which was adapted from the TPACK framework questionnaires. The method employed was quantitative descriptive correlational. The statistical tool was mean for the frequency, Pearson moment product for correlation and multiple linear regression were utilized in the analysis of the gathered data. Results revealed that teachers’ technology integration knowledge was high with the availability of computers that they utilized in their schools. Science subject was found to be the most integrated subject in terms with technology integration among the different learning areas. Meanwhile, there is a significant relationship that resulted between technology integration knowledge and technology integration in science learning area only. It was recommended the upscaling of teachers through attending technology related seminars and trainings. Stakeholder would upgrade school ICT based resources. Moreover, the proposed enhanced ICT Training be implemented to improve teaching efficiency with respect to TPACK.
Amy Ling Wen Xin, Hanita Hanim Ismail, Melor Md Yunus
The adoption of AI tools in English language teaching has dramatically increase in recent years causing a fundamental shift to lesson planning and teaching at all levels of countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand how Malaysian primary English teachers employ AI in designing and implementing lesson plans for students and describe their perceptions of the impact of AI on students. This study responds to a critical research gap by investigating the underexplored experiences of primary level teachers to whom learners’ expectations for engaging, scaffolded and contextualised learning are not the same as those of secondary and tertiary educators. Using a qualitative approach, data were gathered from six experienced primary teachers in different Malaysian schools through semi-structured interviews, observations and analysis of AI enhanced lesson plans by using checklist. The results show that teachers use AI most for producing differentiated content within the classroom as well as engaging in creative lesson planning to adapt products to local situations and learner diversity yet emphasise the importance of teacher guided implementation for pedagogical and cultural relevance. Participants reported that it also improves lower proficiency students’ engagement, motivation and confidence to learn. It also indicated the importance of continuous professional development of AI literacy. The research highlights opportunities such as better efficiency, equity and more personalisation as well as challenges such as the reliability of AI generated content and the risk of relying too much on them. In conclusion, teacher agency, prompt engineering and reflective practice are the keys to the effective integration of AI in primary English classroom.
Muhammad Firdaus bin Yahya, Sami Abdulkarim Alnazzawi
This study examines the effectiveness of teaching strategies grounded in the Theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI) in teaching Arabic as a foreign language, using the Prophetic Biography and the Prophet’s military expeditions as rich pedagogical resources encompassing linguistic, cultural, and ethical dimensions. The study employs the descriptive–analytical method to analyze the theoretical foundations of MI, its relationship to language-teaching strategies, and practical approaches to integrating it into instructional design for learners of Arabic as a foreign language. The findings show that combining MI-based strategies with content drawn from the Prophetic Biography improves learner motivation, enhances linguistic and communicative skills, and deepens cultural and ethical understanding. The study recommends developing integrated instructional units grounded in MI theory that account for individual differences and make use of Prophetic situations as models that combine language, values, and authentic communication.
Dr. Rokeya Begum, Md. Masudul Hassan, Nabila Hossain, Tasmia Mahmuda Chowdhury
This study investigates the technical efficiency and production constraints of hybrid and local cotton varieties in Kushtia district, Bangladesh, using primary survey data from 60 farmers (30 hybrid and 30 local). A Cobb–Douglas stochastic frontier production function was applied to estimate technical efficiency and identify determinants of inefficiency. Results indicate that hybrid cotton farmers achieved a mean technical efficiency of 92 percent, compared with 81 percent for local farmers, implying potential output gains of 8 and 19 percent, respectively, under existing input levels. For hybrid cotton, human labor, TSP, gypsum, and irrigation exerted significant positive effects on production, while urea showed a negative impact. Farm size, training, and farming experience were found to significantly reduce inefficiency. Local cotton farmers exhibited similar patterns, with human labor, TSP, and irrigation positively influencing yield. The analysis further identified key production constraints, including long cultivation duration (91.67 percent of farmers), low output prices (90 percent), insect infestations (83.33 percent), and adverse climatic conditions (75 percent). These findings suggest that targeted interventions—such as farmer training, improved resource management, expansion of farm size, and strategies to address systemic production constraints—can enhance cotton productivity and efficiency. Strengthening these areas could reduce Bangladesh’s heavy reliance on cotton imports and support the long-term sustainability of its textile sector.
Fatin Hana Naning, Herman Senghie, Siti Nur Rohani Hasbie
This preliminary study aims to examine how digital learning can support digital literacy among primary school students in Science and Mathematics in Sarawak. With the increasing integration of technology in education, digital learning has the potential to become an important medium that not only improves digital literacy, but also strengthens understanding of STEM concepts in an English language environment. This descriptive quantitative study involved 40 students from years four to six in a government primary school in Sarawak. The study instrument was a structured questionnaire to obtain data and initial observations on the level of access to digital devices, digital literacy skills, and patterns of technology use by students in the context of learning Science and Mathematics through English. The study findings show that primary school students have a relatively good level of digital access, especially through the use of smartphones, which are their main devices at home. In learning Science and Mathematics, the use of technology was found to be minimal and did not involve in-depth interactive applications. Students relied more on watching videos or searching for instant information, while the use of specialized software such as simulations, digital quizzes or STEM training applications has not yet been widely practiced. This finding illustrates that although students have exposure to technology, the potential of digital devices as learning tools has not yet been optimally utilized. This study suggests that teachers design more structured and authentic digital activities, including the use of virtual simulations, educational games, video assignments, and interactive learning platforms to simultaneously improve language proficiency and understanding of STEM concepts.
Muhammad Faizul Abd Hamid, Nur Atirah Kamaruzaman
Islamic masculinity in Malaysia is frequently framed as fixed, uniform, and anchored in heteronormative moral expectations. Yet the everyday practices of non-normative Malay Muslim men reveal a more complex picture—one shaped by aesthetic experimentation, vernacular humour, religious expression, and digital self-fashioning. This study examines how non-heteronormative Malay Muslim men articulate identity on Instagram, analysing how they perform, negotiate, and reinterpret Malay-Muslim masculinity in a context where religion, culture, and moral surveillance intersect. Building upon intersectional analyses of queer Muslim identities and local Malaysian scholarship on layered identity negotiations, the study introduces kueer—a researcher-coined analytic concept inspired by Malay cultural idioms and designed to theorise layered, culturally embedded forms of non-normativity that are not fully encompassed by Western LGBTQ frameworks. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of approximately 300 Instagram posts from twelve public accounts, the study examines visual and linguistic practices, including gestures, captions, religious idioms, humour, and vernacular labels. The findings demonstrate that ahkak Malays reframe Muslimness through ethical virtues such as sincerity, humility, and inner devotion, challenging claims that non-normative expressions inherently conflict with Islamic teachings. Instagram functions as a digital Third Space where these negotiations unfold, enabling selective visibility and the articulation of hybrid identities that balance self-expression and cultural constraints. Overall, the study shows that Malay-Muslim masculinity is being reimagined from within, reflecting layered and culturally situated forms of kueer(ed) subjectivity that resist rigid categorisation and expand the possibilities of Muslim gender expression in contemporary Malaysia.
Technics Ikechi Nwosu
This paper examines the philosophical, political, and pedagogical foundations for conceptualizing the African child as a technological citizen. It proposes that the African child is not merely a beneficiary of technological advancement but a potential architect of Africa’s technological future. Drawing from African Technological Nationalism, Science and Technology Studies (STS), and postcolonial pedagogy, the paper advances a theory of childhood that imbricates innovation, speculative imagination, and civic scientific agency. The CHILD-AUTHOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (CADP) is presented as a pioneering institutional response to this reconceptualization. The paper situates the African child’s technological citizenship within broader debates in the philosophy of technology, global epistemic justice, and educational reform. It interrogates the colonial residue in African science and technology education, while proposing new institutional pathways for embedding speculative authorship and invention literacy into early childhood development. The work also critically engages with the political economy of African development, showing how child-centered technological citizenship can serve as a counter-hegemonic force against technological dependence. In doing so, it deepens the theoretical underpinnings of African Technological Nationalism while proposing practical mechanisms for its institutionalization through pedagogy, literary creation, and public policy.
Feng Jinghan, Ji Xiaomeng, Noor Mala Ibrahim, Shao Wenjing, Zhao Lijin
College English writing instruction in China has long been plagued by challenges such as the ineffectiveness of traditional static assessment, insufficient personalized feedback due to the disproportionate teacher-student ratio, and students’ difficulties in improving writing performance and behaviors (Wei, 2010; Ning, 2021; Zhang, 2023). Dynamic Assessment (DA), which integrates instruction and assessment through contingent mediation based on Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Zone of Proximal Development, has been proposed as a potential solution to address these issues (Lantolf & Poehner, 2004). This study aims to explore non-English major students’ perceptions of DA in college English writing instruction and examine whether there are significant differences in these perceptions across students of high, medium, and low proficiency levels. A mixed-method research design was adopted, with 196 second-year undergraduate students from Hebei Finance University completing a modified Tripod Student Perception Survey covering seven dimensions: CARE, CONTROL, CLARIFY, CHALLENGE, CAPTIVATE, CONFER, and CONSOLIDATE. Results indicate that students hold overall positive perceptions of DA, with CONSOLIDATE (M=4.5) and CARE (M=4.48) receiving the highest scores, while CONTROL (M=3.91) scored the lowest. Kruskal-Wallis H tests revealed significant differences only in the CONFER dimension (p=0.016), with post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests showing that high-proficiency students scored significantly higher than medium-proficiency students (p=0.004). These findings provide empirical support for the applicability of DA in group classroom settings and offer insights for optimizing college English writing instruction tailored to students of different proficiency levels.
Annessa Natasha Zabidi, Mariaton Safrina Baharuddin, Noorhamizah Hamzah, Zabedah Othman
This study aims to explore the effect of work-life balance and rewards towards job satisfaction amongst employees working at the private universities in Klang Valley. This study will employ a quantitative method by utilising self-managed questionnaires to collect the data from the employees working at the private universities. The questionnaire will assess key features of job satisfaction involving reward and work-life balance amongst the employees working in the private universities at Klang Valley. By analysing the data collected, the descriptive statistics will provide an outline of the overall job satisfaction amongst the employees surveyed. In addition, inferential statistical techniques will be employed to identify significant correlations between the demographic elements such as age, gender, marital status and their job satisfaction. The findings from this study are projected to offer beneficial insights for the employees, policymakers and university administrators. By understanding the elements that drive job satisfaction, institutions can acquire targeted approaches to enhance employees’ well-being and engagement. This could lead to enhanced organisational performance, increasing employees’ retention, with a productive and positive and work settings within the competitive surroundings of private universities in Klang Valley.
Tijani Ahmad Ashimi
The concepts of God (Allah) and the unity of God (Tawhid) are extremely important in Muslim life and in Islamic worldview at large. Because God (Allah) and the unity of God(Tawhid) are both the backbone and the main theme of Islam, moreover, they are like two pairs of scissors which are usually used interchangeably in Islamic worldview. Therefore, in Islam the concept of unity of God (Tawhid) is closely related to the expression of “ La Ilaaha Illa Allah” which means there is no god But Allah. It implies that Islam is uncompromising sort of monotheism that believes in One God Who does not have a son and Who is not begotten. It also means Allah is the absolute God that causes the existence of all creations. Therefore, the affirmation of Tawhid by Muslims is compulsory in every aspect of their life, and that affirmation can refrain them from committing sins and evils, simply because the unity of God(Tawhid) is strongly related to oneness of Allah as the Most omnipotent and the Most omniscience. Au contraire to unity of God (Tawhid) is polytheism (Shirk) that implies ascribing partners to Allah or ascribing divine attributes to other besides Allah. Therefore, in Islamic worldview, this act is a very dangerous belief and heinous deed that the person who involves in polytheism will never be forgiven by Almighty Allah (S.W). Based on the above fact, this article aims to explore the concept of God ( Allah), Unity of God (Tawhid) and its different kinds. Then, the article discusses the impacts of Tawhid in human life. However, in order to achieve the aims of this article , the Quranic approach is applied, that is by exploring the concept of God and the unity of God from the Quranic epistemology. Finally, a brief conclusion is followed.
Tijani Ahmad Ashimi
The concepts of God (Allah) and the unity of God (Tawhid) are extremely important in Muslim life and in Islamic worldview at large. Because God (Allah) and the unity of God(Tawhid) are both the backbone and the main theme of Islam, moreover, they are like two pairs of scissors which are usually used interchangeably in Islamic worldview. Therefore, in Islam the concept of unity of God (Tawhid) is closely related to the expression of “ La Ilaaha Illa Allah” which means there is no god But Allah. It implies that Islam is uncompromising sort of monotheism that believes in One God Who does not have a son and Who is not begotten. It also means Allah is the absolute God that causes the existence of all creations. Therefore, the affirmation of Tawhid by Muslims is compulsory in every aspect of their life, and that affirmation can refrain them from committing sins and evils, simply because the unity of God(Tawhid) is strongly related to oneness of Allah as the Most omnipotent and the Most omniscience. Au contraire to unity of God (Tawhid) is polytheism (Shirk) that implies ascribing partners to Allah or ascribing divine attributes to other besides Allah. Therefore, in Islamic worldview, this act is a very dangerous belief and heinous deed that the person who involves in polytheism will never be forgiven by Almighty Allah (S.W). Based on the above fact, this article aims to explore the concept of God ( Allah), Unity of God (Tawhid) and its different kinds. Then, the article discusses the impacts of Tawhid in human life. However, in order to achieve the aims of this article , the Quranic approach is applied, that is by exploring the concept of God and the unity of God from the Quranic epistemology. Finanlly, a brief conclusion is followed.
Le Thuy An, Thach Thi Ro Muni
Khmer cuisine in Tra Vinh embodies not only the cultural values, indigenous knowledge, and agrarian beliefs of the Khmer community in Southern Vietnam, but also serves as a symbolic component of regional cultural identity. From the perspective of cultural studies, this paper aims to classify, identify, and interpret the distinctive characteristics of Khmer cuisine in Tra Vinh through the interrelation among human beings, environment, and cultural practice. Furthermore, the study explores the transformations of Khmer culinary traditions amid globalization and contemporary cultural exchange. These transformations reveal both the dynamic adaptability of the community to socio-economic changes and the emerging challenges in safeguarding and promoting intangible cultural heritage in the integration era. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of Khmer culinary culture as a specific cultural code, while suggesting interdisciplinary approaches to the study of Southern Vietnamese food culture today.
Dr Samuel Gitonga, Henry K. Mbinda
This mixed-methods study critically examines the implications of the Jitegemea (self-reliance) philosophy on clergy sustainability within the Presbyterian Church of East Africa (PCEA), with a specific focus on the Milimani South Presbytery. Initially articulated by Rev. John Gatu in 1972 as a postcolonial vision of ecclesial autonomy and economic empowerment, Jitegemea has evolved into a complex institutional paradigm. While intended as a liberative theology, its implementation often produces structural strain and vocational precarity. Quantitative data from 98 respondents revealed a moderate but statistically non-significant correlation between adherence to Jitegemea and perceived clergy sustainability (r = .312, p = .098; β = –.365, p = .126). In contrast, institutional support showed a strong, statistically significant correlation (r = .892, p = .001) and regression coefficient (β = .996, p = .003), indicating its centrality in sustaining pulpit ministry. Qualitative interviews (n = 20) corroborated these findings, highlighting three systemic burdens, financial precarity, administrative overload, and psychological distress, as well as widespread concern over post-retirement insecurity. However, 31% of participants also reported successful local adaptations of Jitegemea through shared governance, entrepreneurial ministry, and pastoral care systems. Guided by Self-Reliance Theory, Ethical Leadership Theory, and Human Development Theory, the study affirms that sustainable ministry is not achieved through ideology alone, but through enabling institutional structures. The research concludes that Jitegemea must be reimagined as a structurally embedded praxis, requiring reforms in pastoral care, vocational formation, and retirement planning. These findings contribute to contemporary African ecclesiology by reframing sustainability as a theological and systemic imperative rooted in justice, dignity, and structural care.
Erica Siyoto
Sustained economic growth relies heavily on the stability of key macroeconomic indicators. This study examines the dynamic interactions among economic growth, inflation, and the monetary policy rate in Zambia over the period 2012–2022 using a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) framework. Optimal lag length was determined based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Schwarz Criterion (SC), and Hannan–Quinn Information Criterion (HQ). Diagnostic tests confirm that the model is robust, with no evidence of serial correlation, heteroskedasticity, or structural breaks. Empirical results indicate a generally negative relationship between economic growth and inflation, while neither variable exerts a statistically significant effect on the monetary policy rate. The analysis also reveals that causal dynamics among the variables are unstable in the short run. Forecast simulations suggest that all three variables may rise in the near term but are likely to moderate or decline over the medium to long term. The findings underscore the need for coordinated monetary and fiscal policies, strengthened transmission channels, and targeted structural investments to support sustainable economic growth while maintaining price stability in Zambia.
Dr. Hussain Ali Abdullah Al-Thalaya, Dr. Mohammad Ishaque Husain, Muhammad Kamrul Islam Bhuiyan
This study delves into the economic dimensions inherent in the Prophets' (PBUH) messages, employing an integrative analysis that highlights the profound interplay between spiritual values (Da'wah) and wealth management within the divine revelations. Crucially, the research addresses a significant gap in the literature. Most prior studies have focused on fragmented topics—such as Zakat, market dynamics, or economic ethics—failing to offer a comprehensive framework that unites the evangelical and economic aspects into a single, cohesive analysis. Therefore, the core objective is to construct a model that elucidates the economic foundations underpinning the prophetic discourse and explores how these prophetic experiences can be leveraged to address contemporary economic challenges. The research utilizes an analytical-comparative methodology, relying on the analysis of selected texts from the Holy Qur'an and the Prophetic Sunnah. This involved employing multiple techniques: thematic textual analysis, induction and deduction, Maqasid (higher objectives) analysis, and a comparative synthetic framework.
Eben Ezer Amani Kazadi, Reuben Musyoka Mwove
Supermarkets increasingly face logistical challenges such as fluctuating demand patterns, rising distribution costs, and the need for timely and efficient product delivery. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical tool for improving logistics decision-making, particularly through route optimization systems that enhance delivery speed, reduce transportation costs, and improve overall supply chain responsiveness. This study examined the effect of AI-Route Optimization on supply chain performance among large supermarkets in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study was grounded in the Hybrid Intelligence Model, Triple Triangle Constraint Theory, and Technology Acceptance Theory to explain the integration and influence of AI technologies on supply chain outcomes. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting employees working in the supply chain departments of 10 large supermarkets within Nairobi City County. A sample of 70 respondents was drawn from this population, and data were collected using structured questionnaires. Reliability was tested through a pretest involving seven respondents from selected Naivas branches in Kiambu County. Descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations, were used to summarize the data, while inferential statistics such as correlation and regression analysis were applied to determine the relationship between AI-route optimization and supply chain performance using SPSS version 30. The findings indicated that AI-Route Optimization had a statistically significant effect on supply chain performance (M = 3.57, SD = 0.43), with the regression model showing strong explanatory power (R² = 0.79) and statistical significance (F = 222.015, ρ < 0.01). The study concluded that AI-driven route optimization positively enhances supply chain performance by improving delivery efficiency, minimizing transport costs, and strengthening service reliability. The study recommends that supermarket supply chain managers invest in advanced AI-based routing tools, integrate real-time data sources such as GPS and traffic feeds, and enhance staff capacity to effectively utilize these systems. Further research is recommended in other geographical contexts to compare the role of AI-route optimization across different retail and logistics environments.
Dandie Arya Nugroho, Mila Austria Reyes, Monika Kussetya Ciptani
This study explores the influence of role conflict, self-efficacy, and ethical sensitivity on auditor performance, with intellectual intelligence acting as a moderating variable. Data sample is taken from from 143 auditors working in public accounting firms in Jakarta, Indonesia. The results indicate that role conflict does not significantly affect auditor performance, suggesting that auditors may have developed coping mechanisms to manage conflicting demands. Conversely, self-efficacy positively influences auditor performance, highlighting the importance of confidence in completing tasks effectively. Ethical sensitivity, while crucial in theory, does not significantly impact performance in this context. Intellectual intelligence is found to moderate the relationship between self-efficacy and performance, enhancing the positive effect of self-confidence on auditor performance. However, intellectual intelligence does not moderate the negative impact of role conflict on performance nor strengthen the relationship between ethical sensitivity and performance. The model explains 70.6% of the variance in auditor performance, emphasizing the role of psychological and cognitive factors. These findings contribute to cognitive accounting theory and suggest practical implications for training, recruitment, and performance management in audit firms.
Li Yanxi, Pavani Malaa Meganathan
Asynchronous online learning has increasingly been recognized as a flexible and accessible approach for enhancing language proficiency among ESL and EFL learners. Although the overall impact of asynchronous learning on language acquisition has been extensively examined, investigations into its specific influence particularly on vocabulary development remain comparatively limited. This study examines the effectiveness of asynchronous online learning, via the Chinese University MOOC platform, in expanding English vocabulary among Chinese undergraduate students. Employing a mixed-methods design, 30 non-English majors completed a four-week online vocabulary course. Quantitative data were collected through pretests and posttests using the Productive Vocabulary Levels Test (PVLT) to assess knowledge of word form, meaning, and use. Semi-structured interviews investigated learners’ experiences, perceptions of the platform, and challenges encountered, providing qualitative insights to complement the quantitative analysis. Results indicated significant gains in learners’ productive vocabulary and the interview data revealed that students valued the platform’s flexibility and reported increased motivation and autonomy in learning, yet also cited limitations such as limited peer interaction and occasional technical issues. These results suggest that asynchronous MOOC-based instruction can effectively enhance English vocabulary size. Implications of this study highlight the potential of asynchronous platforms for vocabulary acquisition and highlight the need to address these limitations in course design.
Christine E. Macha
The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of institutional governance in mitigating conflicts between farmer and herder in Kilosa and Kilindi Districts. The findings from the study revealed that there was poor effectiveness with respect to power interaction and sharing during the mitigating conflicts between farmer and herder at the study area. The qualitative and quantitative researches were used. The study adopted the Cross-Sectional Research Design.The methods of data collections used were household survey, questionnaire, documentary, key informant interview, focus group discussion and non- participant observation during the data collection. The respondents used to get the information were 88 people in the study. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 21) was used to analyze the data. The factors which contributed the conflicts between the parts such as: population growth, insecure land tenure, policies deficiencies and contradictions. The negative impacts of conflicts between the parts include: loss of lives of people, lack of peace and security and decreased productivity. The study concludes that there were poor effectiveness of institutional governance in mitigating the conflicts between farmer and herder at study area. The study recommends that the effectiveness of the institutional governance should be improved through the power interaction and sharing from the experts, experienced and proper involvements of the disputing parts in conflict mitigating between the parts at the study area.
Christine E. Macha
The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of institutional governance in mitigating conflicts between farmer and herder in Kilosa and Kilindi Districts. The findings from the study revealed that there was poor effectiveness with respect to power interaction and sharing during the mitigating conflicts between farmer and herder at the study area. The qualitative and quantitative researches were used. The study adopted the Cross-Sectional Research Design.The methods of data collections used were household survey, questionnaire, documentary, key informant interview, focus group discussion and non- participant observation during the data collection. The respondents used to get the information were 88 people in the study. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 21) was used to analyze the data. The factors which contributed the conflicts between the parts such as: population growth, insecure land tenure, policies deficiencies and contradictions. The negative impacts of conflicts between the parts include: loss of lives of people, lack of peace and security and decreased productivity. The study concludes that there were poor effectiveness of institutional governance in mitigating the conflicts between farmer and herder at study area. The study recommends that the effectiveness of the institutional governance should be improved through the power interaction and sharing from the experts, experienced and proper involvements of the disputing parts in conflict mitigating between the parts at the study area.
Abdul Hakam Hassan, Mohammad Taufiq Abdul Ghani, Mohd Hilmi Abdullah
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the deductive approach in teaching the structures of Jumlah Ismiyyah and Jumlah Fi‘liyyah among Form Three students at Tan Sri Ghazali Jawi Islamic Secondary School, Perak, Malaysia. The study employed a quantitative quasi-experimental design involving two groups: a treatment group taught using the deductive approach and a control group taught through conventional methods. A total of 30 students participated as the research sample and were equally divided between both groups. The research instrument consisted of pre-test and post-test assessments developed to measure students’ mastery in constructing and comprehending Arabic sentence structures. The pre-test results indicated that students’ initial mastery was at a low to moderate level, particularly in identifying and accurately constructing Jumlah Ismiyyah and Jumlah Fi‘liyyah. Following the intervention, the post-test results showed a significant improvement in the treatment group compared to the control group. Independent sample t-test analysis confirmed a statistically significant difference between the two groups, demonstrating the effectiveness of the deductive approach in enhancing students’ understanding and mastery of Arabic sentence structures. Overall, the findings indicate that the deductive approach significantly improves students’ clarity of understanding, sentence construction proficiency, and application skills in the use of Jumlah Ismiyyah and Jumlah Fi‘liyyah. This approach also enables teachers to implement grammar instruction in a more structured and systematic manner, thereby supporting more effective Arabic language acquisition among secondary school students.
Majdan Paharal Radzi, Mohd Fauzi Abdul Hamid, Norhayati Che Hat, Nurazan Mohmad Rouyan, Suzana Sulaiman
Teaching and learning Arabic Lexicography is a crucial component in mastering Arabic linguistics; however, its abstract and complex nature often presents difficulties for students. This situation necessitates more creative and innovative instructional approaches to enhance understanding and improve the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. Accordingly, the use of infographic posters as a learning medium is viewed as a promising pedagogical innovation capable of creating a more engaging and interactive learning experience, as well as increasing students’ interest in Arabic lexicography. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of using infographic posters in an Arabic Lexicography course. A total of 83 students participated in a visual-based teaching intervention, and their performance was analysed by comparing pre-test and post-test scores. Findings from the Paired Sample t-test indicated a significant improvement, with the mean increasing from 20.77 to 26.72, t (82) = –12.030, p < .001. Overall, the use of infographic posters can be considered an effective learning medium, particularly in enhancing students’ understanding, interest, and motivation toward Arabic Lexicography. Therefore, the use of infographic posters is recommended to be expanded to other Arabic language courses and integrated as a supportive component in the development of a more interactive, dynamic, and high-impact curriculum.
Christine E. Macha
This study was intended to assess the effects of the employee motivation on work performance at Lushoto District Hospital.The study findings showed that there were poor work performance which caused by poor employee motivation at the study area. The qualitative and quantitative researches were used and the study adopted the cross-sectional research design.The tools of data collection were questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentary analysis. These tools and methods enabled the study to get enough and useful information about the work. The study applied both purposive and random sampling in selecting sample from population. The sample size used during the data collection was 88 from respondents.The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 21) was used to analyze the data.The study concludes that there was a poor work performance caused by the poor employee motivation at the study. Hence, the study recommends that the hospital management should ensure the employee motivation is well implemented as stipulated by the government policy, rules and regulations in order to increase the work performance at the study area.
Andrew Miguel Lao, Chloe Grace Yee, Crissh Jelian Bonete, Froilan Francis Bolodo, Happie Bolocon, Jac Cabili, Kristine Cabisay, Maria Ana Clerigo, Sierra Deoquino, Vin Clancy Pascubillo
Music plays a vital role in enhancing students’ overall well-being, yet few studies have explored its combined effects on mental, emotional, cognitive, and physical aspects, particularly among adolescents in arts programs. This study aimed to determine the effects of music on these four domains among Grade 10 students enrolled in the Special Program in the Arts (SPA) at Iligan City National High School during the school year 2025–2026. Using a mixed-method design, data were collected from thirty-six (36) respondents through survey questionnaires and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and weighted mean, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis. Results indicated that music positively influences mental health by reducing stress and improving mood, enhances emotional expression through self-awareness and regulation, improves cognitive functions such as focus and creativity, and promotes physical well-being by fostering relaxation and vitality. The study concludes that music contributes significantly to students’ holistic development and recommends integrating music-based approaches into educational programs to support learners’ mental, emotional, cognitive, and physical wellness.
Moses Ogunmuditi
This qualitative phenomenological study explored the accelerating transition from formal to informal learning patterns in the digital age through the lived experiences of 42 secondary and tertiary educators across Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones. Using in-depth semi-structured interviews and maximum-variation sampling, the research captured how educators perceived the collapse of traditional classroom authority and the rise of informal digital ecosystems as the dominant sites of knowledge acquisition. Findings revealed that all 42 participants (100%) described formal education as increasingly “ceremonial”, with students learning “more with ChatGPT” than in scheduled classes. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools (cited by 100%), YouTube (97.6%), and WhatsApp/Telegram groups (92.9%) emerged as the primary drivers that made formal attendance feel obsolete. Educators overwhelmingly acknowledged transformative benefits including extreme personalisation (95.2%), dramatic cost reduction (88.1%), and superior practical relevance, yet simultaneously expressed profound alarm about rampant misinformation (100 %), loss of socialisation and character formation (95.2%), widening digital exclusion (90.5%), credential devaluation (88.1%), and cognitive weakening from AI over-dependence (83.3%). Grounded in an integrated framework of connectivism, heutagogy, and possible selves theory, the study confirmed that digital informal learning had become irreversible and, in many domains, educationally superior. Every participant rejected both a return to purely formal education and unregulated informalisation, instead proposing concrete hybrid models featuring institutional validation of informal portfolios, micro-credentials, blended attendance, teacher retraining as mentors, and massive rural infrastructure investment. The research concluded that Nigeria’s educational future lies in deliberately engineered hybrid ecosystems that preserve human mentorship and equity while embracing technological abundance to offer actionable policy pathways for the larger society.
Beverly D. Sarno-Perez, Douglas A. Salazar, PhD
Challenged learners often face significant barriers in mathematics, particularly in data analysis, where numerical reasoning intersects with reading comprehension. This study investigates the effectiveness of the I2 (Identify and Interpret) strategy as an intervention tool to enhance the statistical literacy and holistic writing skills of challenged learners. The study utilized a mixed-method research design involving students identified with frustration-level reading proficiency. Quantitative analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test revealed a statistically significant improvement in achievement test scores (Z = -2.341, p = .033) between the pretest and posttest, with a normalized gain (g) of 0.23. This indicates that the strategy successfully helped learners’ bridge a measurable portion of the gap between prior knowledge and mastery. Furthermore, the learners' holistic writing skills demonstrated significant growth (Z = -2.706, p = 0.007), with the majority of participants advancing from "Emerging" to "Expanding" levels of proficiency. Qualitative data indicated that the I2 strategy reduced cognitive load by systematizing the analytical process, allowing students to better concentrate and organize their thoughts. Learners perceived the intervention as not only "enjoyable" but instrumental in improving their English grammar and vocabulary alongside their mathematical skills. The study concludes that the I2 strategy is an effective dual-purpose scaffold that fosters both data literacy and linguistic competence, transforming the learning experience for struggling students.
Mohd Halim Mahphoth, Rizuwan Abu Karim
Advancements in educational technology have enabled the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to generate visually engaging instructional materials, such as infographic slides. This study investigates the impact of AI infographic slides on students’ learning experience in the Fundamentals of Management subject. A descriptive quantitative research design was employed, using a structured online questionnaire distributed to diploma students. The survey measured students’ attention, memory retention, content clarity, engagement, motivation, and recommendation for future use. Findings indicate that most students responded positively, reporting increased attention, improved memory, clearer understanding, higher engagement, and greater motivation when AI-infographic slides were used. Most participants also recommended their continued use in future classes. These results highlight the potential of AI-generated infographic slides to enhance learning experiences and support the adoption of technology-driven visual materials in higher education teaching.
Mohd Halim Mahphoth, Rizuwan Abu Karim
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed teaching and learning practices in higher education. This study examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Lecturers’ Teaching Practices in the Fundamentals of Marketing Subject. Using a convenience sample of 23 lecturers, data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings indicate that lecturers generally perceive AI as highly useful, easy to use, and effective in improving teaching efficiency and student engagement. Most respondents expressed positive attitudes toward continued integration of AI into their teaching practices. The study contributes empirical insights into AI adoption in marketing education and offers recommendations for enhancing lecturers’ AI proficiency and classroom integration.
Myriam EL ALEM
This study investigates how the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in brand name change decisions shapes consumer responses. Drawing on perceived functional improvement, signaling theory, and resistance-to-change frameworks, the research proposes and tests a structural model linking AI presence, perceived functional improvement, brand trust, resistance to change, and purchase intention. Using PLS-SEM, findings show that AI presence significantly enhances perceived functional improvement, which strengthens brand trust and subsequently reduces consumer resistance. Lower resistance then increases purchase intention. The study highlights the strategic value of AI as both a decision-support tool and a credibility signal in rebranding processes, offering theoretical insights and practical implications for AI-enhanced brand management.
Changqing Liu, Nor Hamimah Mastor
In recent years, the issue of corporate fraud has gained increasing attention in both academic research and professional practice, and the role of auditors in fraud prevention and detection has become increasingly critical. This study investigates the impact of auditor independence (comprising independence in fact and independence in appearance) on fraud detection performance in China. Drawing on data from 366 practicing auditors and analyzed using SPSS statistical analysis, the findings reveal that both dimensions significantly enhance auditors’ fraud detection capability, with independence in fact exerting the stronger influence, followed by independence in appearance. These results suggest that independence in fact enables auditors to critically evaluate audit evidence, resist client pressures, and maintain vigilance when confronted with ambiguous or conflicting information. Independence in appearance ensures that external stakeholders perceive auditors as unbiased, reinforcing the deterrent effect of audits and promoting rigorous examination of financial statements. The study also highlights the unique institutional and relational dynamics within the Chinese auditing context, where factors such as ownership concentration, political ties, and regulatory enforcement may influence auditor behavior. Practical implications emphasize the importance of reinforcing professional skepticism, strengthening internal quality-control systems, implementing audit rotation policies, and enhancing transparency to bolster both actual and perceived independence. By linking auditor independence to measurable fraud detection outcomes, this research contributes to improving audit quality and reinforcing public confidence in financial reporting in China.
Ali Shariff Kabara, Farouk Musa Aliyu
This study examines, how big data technique can be applied in forensic accounting to improve fraud and cybercrime detection in Nigeria with the view to suggest empirical and technological-based contemporary techniques in order to effectively detect and prevent frauds and corruption, as well as to proffer policy recommendations for confronting the scourge of fraud and corruption. Being a survey research design, the study adopt quantitative data collection and analyses using structured questionnaires distributed to a sample purposively selected forensic auditors from EFCC office Kano Command. Data obtained from the survey was analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis and other relevant econometrics. The findings, revealed that Big Data Technologies has a positive and significant impact in conduct of forensic auditing in the Nigerian public sector. Similarly, it has positive and significant impact on Forensic Accounting and Prevention and Detection of Fraud and Cybercrimes in the Nigerian Public Sector. The study has social, economic and technological implication as follows: Social benefit include bringing awareness, to both public and private organizations of the impact of big data technology in forensic accounting. Economically will contribute to realizing the potentials of science and technology to meet the most pressing challenges of sustainable economic growth and development through early detection of fraud and corrupt practices by forensic accountant in EFCC. Moreover, technological benefits comprises bridging the gap between traditional methods of detecting fraud/cybercrimes by proposing improved ways of its detection using contemporary technology (i.e. Big data). It is recommended that Government shall consider these findings of empirical based knowledge of causes, nature and the extent of fraud/cybercrimes and its implications on the national growth during its subsequent policies formulations.
Ali Shariff Kabara, Farouk Musa Aliyu
This study examines, how big data technique can be applied in forensic accounting to improve fraud and cybercrime detection in Nigeria with the view to suggest empirical and technological-based contemporary techniques in order to effectively detect and prevent frauds and corruption, as well as to proffer policy recommendations for confronting the scourge of fraud and corruption. Being a survey research design, the study adopt quantitative data collection and analyses using structured questionnaires distributed to a sample purposively selected forensic auditors from EFCC office Kano Command. Data obtained from the survey was analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis and other relevant econometrics. The findings, revealed that Big Data Technologies has a positive and significant impact in conduct of forensic auditing in the Nigerian public sector. Similarly, it has positive and significant impact on Forensic Accounting and Prevention and Detection of Fraud and Cybercrimes in the Nigerian Public Sector. The study has social, economic and technological implication as follows: Social benefit include bringing awareness, to both public and private organizations of the impact of big data technology in forensic accounting. Economically will contribute to realizing the potentials of science and technology to meet the most pressing challenges of sustainable economic growth and development through early detection of fraud and corrupt practices by forensic accountant in EFCC. Moreover, technological benefits comprises bridging the gap between traditional methods of detecting fraud/cybercrimes by proposing improved ways of its detection using contemporary technology (i.e. Big data). It is recommended that Government shall consider these findings of empirical based knowledge of causes, nature and the extent of fraud/cybercrimes and its implications on the national growth during its subsequent policies formulations.
Belgacem BCHINI, Latifa ZEDDINI
This research examines the influence of business intelligence on strategic analyzer behavior through an empirical study conducted among high-tech companies. The survey, carried out with 275 firms, was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS 22 software. The results show that the structured and systematic adoption of business intelligence practices constitutes a key lever for developing strategic analyzer behavior. By providing companies with tools for analyzing and interpreting information, business intelligence enables them to anticipate changes and respond effectively to shifts in their competitive environment. The study highlights that the continuous and organized integration of business intelligence promotes a more refined, predictive, and dynamic understanding of market challenges, thereby strengthening companies’ ability to adapt and strategically position themselves in an ever-evolving context.
Olushola, Micheal Tope
As Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) emerged from China and spread around the world like a pandemic, COVID-19 has disrupted global economies, with restrictions in movement (both domestic and international) leading to large unemployment, supply chains and gross domestic product (GDP) changes across the world. Nigeria been a densely populated country with inadequate medical facilities was left with only one option which was to follow the policy of lockdown. Restrictions on both people and product flow have disrupted supply chains and accelerated the unemployment crisis, thereby impacting on GDP and trade. Thus, discussing the transmission channels through which the shock (covid-19 pandemic) adversely affect the Nigerian economy is considered beneficial. This paper, therefore, examines the impact of covid-19 shock on international trade and economic growth in Nigeria. This study also investigates the causal relationship between international trade and economic growth in Nigeria. The method employed to achieve the stated objectives is the Recursive Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) technique and Granger Causality, using the quarterly time series data sourced from the World Bank Development Indicator 2020 and Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED), for periods between 1985 to 2020.The major findings from the study show that there is a significant negative impact of COVID-19 shock on economic growth and has also impacted negatively on import and export level in Nigeria. It also shows that the impact of COVID-19 was more significant on import than it was on export in Nigeria. Also, the result of from the study revealed that there exists a bidirectional relationship between trade as the sum of exports and imports as a share of GDP and economic growth in Nigeria. With these findings, the study recommends that policymakers take drastic measures to curtail the pandemic and forestall a recession that may be consequent upon the pandemic in Nigeria.
Abdukarim Yasin Gureye, Bonsa Tamane Tadase, Mohamed Ahmed
Rural electrification remains uneven across Sub-Saharan Africa, reflecting persistent institutional and political challenges. This study evaluates how governance quality and political systems shape rural electricity access in six countries representing both federal and unitary regimes over the period 2003–2022. Using panel data from the World Bank, the analysis applies descriptive statistics, group comparison tests, and multiple regression models to assess the influence of governance indicators and structural factors. The results show that federal countries exhibit higher rural electrification levels than unitary states, and that control of corruption and rule of law are significant predictors of access. A large rural population share strongly reduces access, underscoring enduring structural constraints. The findings demonstrate that governance quality is central to electrification performance and that institutional reforms, strengthened administrative capacity, and context-specific strategies are essential for advancing progress toward universal energy access.
Nguyen Duy Chuc, Nguyen Phuong Tu
The objective of the study is to evaluate the relationship between innovation capacity and organizational culture to university lecturers' Commitment through job satisfaction. By surveying 326 lecturers at several universities in Hanoi, the data were analyzed using Smart PLS 3 software. The research results show that: (1) innovation capacity and organizational culture have a significant impact on job satisfaction, thereby promoting lecturers' ability to engage with the organization; (2) organizational culture contributes significantly to promoting innovation capacity. The research results play an important role in helping higher education institutions have appropriate policies to improve the working environment.
Sarbast Abdullah Mohammed
This analysis focuses on the direct outcomes that President Donald Trump’s diplomatic action has had on the Middle East’s Politics, trade and security. Specifically, what has the United States’ withdrawal from the Iran nuclear agreement, relocation of the US Embassy to Jerusalem, and the signing of the Abraham Accords done to the configuration of global alliances, the deepening and proliferation of rivalries, and the re-architecting of the mechanisms of peace? With the intention of providing a coherent account of the dilemmas and accumulations of the Trump presidency, this study utilizes qualitative analysis on documents, field studies of the region, specialized documents, and iterated regional commentary. The study's central argument is that the responses from national leaders, which are overt and covert, support and oppose, illustrate, yet again, that American choices are crucial, among other things, to the geopolitics of the Middle East.
Dr. Nuwagaba Arthur, Dr. Nuwatuhaire Benard, Nagasha Dorah
This study investigates the effect of regular saving through Village Saving and Loan Associations (VSLAs) on household income levels and overall welfare in rural communities. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 258 VSLA members through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews to capture both quantitative trends and qualitative insights. The findings indicate that consistent participation in VSLA savings schemes significantly enhances household income, enabling members to engage in better financial planning, support educational needs, manage emergencies, and improve overall welfare. Additionally, savings through VSLAs promote a culture of financial discipline, collective responsibility, and community solidarity. Despite these benefits, seasonal fluctuations in income and unforeseen expenses occasionally hinder consistent saving practices, presenting a challenge to maximizing the potential impact of VSLA participation. Nonetheless, the general perception of VSLA savings among members is overwhelmingly positive, reflecting their recognition of these schemes as vital instruments for economic empowerment and household stability. The study underscores the importance of strengthening VSLA initiatives to further improve financial resilience and well-being in rural households.
Dr. Philip V. Saywrayne, III
This article examines the negative consequences of political and administrative interference by school boards in core educational processes—curriculum design, teacher selection, and policy implementation. Drawing on recent empirical research and international case studies, it demonstrates that excessive board involvement in operational matters undermines teacher professionalism, disrupts instructional coherence, and ultimately diminishes student achievement. The analysis argues that boards should act as strategic policy organs, not as political agents, and concludes that depoliticizing school governance is essential to improving educational outcomes and student success.
Dr. Philip V. Saywrayne, III
This article examines the negative consequences of political and administrative interference by school boards in core educational processes—curriculum design, teacher selection, and policy implementation. Drawing on recent empirical research and international case studies, it demonstrates that excessive board involvement in operational matters undermines teacher professionalism, disrupts instructional coherence, and ultimately diminishes student achievement. The analysis argues that boards should act as strategic policy organs, not as political agents, and concludes that depoliticizing school governance is essential to improving educational outcomes and student success.
Amir Faisal bin Ahamed Latfi, Nur Kamarul Hafiz bin Jamil
This conceptual paper examines how peer mentoring influences academic growth among university students in Malaysia, grounded in Social Learning Theory. These programs, where senior students mentor juniors, are increasingly recognized for improving retention, engagement, and performance. However, their implementation in Malaysian universities remains inconsistent and lacks a unified theoretical foundation. The study proposes a framework that views academic development as the primary outcome affected by three key factors: student integration, academic motivation, and self-esteem. These factors function as mechanisms through which mentoring enhances self-efficacy, persistence, and resilience. The paper reviews both international and local literature to demonstrate how observational learning, modelling, and reinforcement within mentoring relationships foster academic success. A survey-based, quantitative research design utilizing PLS-SEM analysis is outlined to test the framework. This research advances theory by applying Social Learning Theory to structured peer mentoring and provides practical insights for creating effective mentoring programs. The goal is to help institutions improve student engagement, academic achievement, and well-being, ultimately reducing dropout rates and enhancing overall educational outcomes.
Rose Williams Ahmed
This study explores the impact of the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) on healthcare access, affordability, and the role of Taraba State Government. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were drawn from policy reports, health agency publications, and secondary sources, including the Taraba State Contributory Health Insurance Agency (TASHIA) and the Federal Ministry of Health records. The findings show that the NHIA has improved healthcare access for some civil servants and vulnerable groups through TASHIA programs and partnerships with accredited facilities. However, challenges such as low coverage in the informal sector, weak funding mechanisms, poor awareness, and inadequate rural infrastructure limit its effectiveness. The study concludes that achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Taraba State requires stronger collaboration between NHIA, the State government, and local authorities, coupled with innovative community-based health insurance strategies.
Athirah Che Aziz, Fasihah Raihani Abdul Rahman, Nur Dayana Batrisya Mohd Kamal, Rus Shafrena Sapee @ Shafie, Siti Noor Azilah Abdullah
TikTok is one of the most popular social media platforms for sharing short videos nowadays. There are so many relevant studies that have suggested TikTok as a potential platform for language acquisition due to its engaging, accessible and interactive features. Social media has become one of the most widely used platforms for secondary students in Malaysia. Therefore, this research aims to investigate how the use of TikTok, a widely popular social media platform, can positively impact English speaking skills of secondary students in Malaysia. The selected research design for this study is quantitative with the purpose to determine and measure the impacts of incorporating TikTok as an educational tool in improving students’ language proficiency. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the impact of TikTok videos toward the secondary students in enhancing their English speaking skills. The data were collected through a questionnaire that was given to 100 secondary school students in Malaysia. According to the data, TikTok positively impacts secondary students’ English speaking skills by enhancing pronunciation, fluency, and confidence through engaging, flexible, and accessible content. TikTok is preferred by students over traditional teaching techniques because it offers an engaging and interactive learning environment that facilitates communication with communities and people who speak varied English dialects. The platform facilitates the learning process, especially through the challenges and group interaction that make life and making the process of name learning more organic. Despite its advantages, however, the challenges around privacy, the absence of оptimisation, structured learning, and distraction need to be resolved in order to ensure its educational potentials. As this data shows that TikTok can be used as an effective tool compared to conventional English language methods of learning to enhance speaking skills.
Dorsaf Chaher, Lassaad Lakhal
The current environment is characterized by complexity and uncertainty, requiring companies to develop new strategic choices and management approaches to remain competitive and fulfill their responsibilities to all stakeholders. Today, customers, investors, and stakeholders are increasingly demanding greater transparency and responsibility from companies, particularly regarding their green practices. Total Quality Management (TQM) and Green Innovation (GI) are considered strategic orientations for adapting to environmental changes and achieving green performance (GP). However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the study of the relationships among these three concepts in a single analysis. To address this gap, we proposed a conceptual model and formulated research hypotheses. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationships between TQM, GI, and GP in the context of an emerging country, namely Tunisia. More specifically, this study highlights the mediating effect of GI between TQM and GP. A questionnaire was administered to top managers of 105 certified manufacturing companies in Tunisia. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with the PLS approach to examine the effects of TQM on GI and GP. The results demonstrate that TQM positively affects both GI and GP. Additionally, GI positively influences GP. Furthermore, the findings indicate that GI partially mediates the relationship between TQM and GP. This study provides valuable guidance to practitioners on improving green performance by integrating TQM practices and green innovation into their business operations. It encourages managers to understand the potential connection between TQM and green innovation and to leverage this relationship as a catalyst for achieving sustainable performance and gaining a competitive advantage.
Emmanuel Dumbuya, James Saysay Kanu, Mohamed Suffian Kamara
Timely pedagogical feedback transcends its traditional role of informing students of grades; it functions as a critical systemic mechanism that shapes learning trajectories, fortifies institutional integrity, and guides national education policy. Grounded in established learning and curriculum theory, this paper argues that prompt, actionable feedback is a non-negotiable prerequisite for multi-level accountability and development, encompassing student metacognition, lecturer reflexivity, and administrative quality assurance. Drawing specifically on the resource-constrained context of Sierra Leone’s higher education (HE) system, this analysis delineates the systemic costs of delayed feedback and proposes a concrete framework for cultural and structural reform. The core recommendation is the mandatory, timely return of marked scripts to students, repositioning feedback from a post-assessment ritual to an active pedagogical instrument for human capital development. This approach aligns with recent scholarship emphasizing feedback literacy and digital feedback mechanisms as essential for enhancing student agency (Winstone & Nash, 2023; Liu et al., 2025).
Alexander Aquino, Lech Walesa Navarra
This study focuses on the influence of ChatGPT on third-year Computer Engineering students at Bulacan State University. The researchers of this paper aimed to determine the extent of adoption and the level of dependency on ChatGPT among students. The researchers survey 30 students across three sections which reveals significant findings: 93.3% believe it helps them complete their schoolwork more efficiently. Furthermore, 83.3% of students trust the guidance provided by ChatGPT, and 96.6% find it useful for resolving academic issues. However, the study also highlights a dependency on ChatGPT. While 73.4% of students consider it necessary for effective work completion, and 70% find it easy to use for timely assignment submission, only 40% believe it enhances their academic performance. Overall, the study underscores the importance of providing clear instructions and guidance on the appropriate use of ChatGPT in academic settings to maximize its benefits and mitigate potential drawbacks.
Leizl L. De Guzman
In the global educational landscape, emotional intelligence (EI) has gained significant attention for its role in academic success and psychological well-being (Goleman, 1995; MacCann et al., 2020). However, this concept has yet to achieve its full potential, resulting in the underutilization of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in the classroom. This is particularly concerning, as global research indicates that students with higher levels of EI tend to exhibit greater motivation, resilience, and stress management—all essential traits that significantly enhance learning outcomes. This is especially true in subjects like science, which demand critical thinking and problem-solving skills (Brackett, Rivers, & Salovey, 2011). Recognizing and integrating EI into educational practices can pave the way for more effective teaching strategies that support not just cognitive development but also the emotional and social growth of students. With increasing emphasis on holistic education, countries have begun integrating social-emotional learning (SEL) into their curricula to foster not only cognitive but also emotional competencies in learners.
Aw Yoke Cheng, Chong Kim Loy, Karen Poon Yean Peng, Pang Zong Wei, Simranpreet Kaur Hansaram
This paper explores the variables that affect the use of Artificial Intelligence among students at the ABC university at Malaysia, based on major constructs of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The study concentrates on three independent variables, which include the performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), and social influence (SE), on Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption behavior. Data was collected from a sample of 211 students at ABC University via an online questionnaire. The descriptive statistics, reliability test, Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data. Results indicate high levels of internal consistency of all the constructs and high positive associations between each variable and AI adoption behavior. The strongest predictor was effort expectancy, which demonstrates the significance of AI systems that are intuitive and easy to use. The social influence and performance expectancy were also found to play significant roles. Meaning that students are both social-validation- and perceived-academic-benefit-motivated.
Amine Azenkouk, Fatima Zahra Mouchtachi, Hiba Aghbal
Imagine you need to build a house. You could choose to build it quickly with pre-made materials, or you could take more time to craft everything by hand for perfect precision. The tools and materials you choose change the speed of construction and the final quality of the home. Programming languages are like those tools for building software. Every programming language is designed with different goals. Some, like Python, are created to be simple and allow developers to write code quickly. Others, like C++, are built to give the programmer a lot of control to make software run as fast and efficiently as possible. This paper explores a simple but important question: How does the choice of a programming language affect the speed and efficiency of the software it creates? We will explore why a program written in one language might run instantly, while the same program written in another language might be slower. We will look at the key reasons for these differences, such as whether a language compiled (translated into machine code beforehand, like C++) or interpreted (translated on the fly while running, like Python). We will also discuss how languages manage memory and how that impacts performance. Ultimately, this research shows that there is no single "best" language. The choice is a classic trade-off: the need for raw speed and efficiency versus the need for fast development and ease of use. Understanding this balance is crucial for software developers and engineers to make the right choice for their specific project.
Hassan Basri Jahubar Sathik, Muhammad Zamir Mat Razi, Redwan Yasin, Wan Amir Azlan Wan Haniff, Wardatul Husna Khairil Nizam
Social media has become the primary platform for sharing information and personal experiences, but some sensitive or provocative posts, known as triggering posts can provoke negative emotions such as anger, sadness, or anxiety. Such content has the potential to trigger cyberbullying because it influences perpertrators’ moral perceptions and their justifications for aggressive online behavior. This study aims to assess perpetrators’ attitudes toward cyberbullying and to identify the justifications and motivations that drive their actions. The study’s objectives include evaluating levels of acceptance, moral perception, and the tendency of perpetrators to view bullying as justified, as well as understanding the reasons they use to rationalize their behavior. The study used a quantitative approach with a structured questionnaire involving 193 social media users. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially to assess attitude patterns and the relationship between exposure to triggering posts and the tendency to engage in cyberbullying. The findings show that perpetrators often justify aggressive behavior as a response to provocative content and consider their actions acceptable. These findings suggest the need for specific legislation addressing triggering posts and support for the government to introduce mandatory social media account registration for all Malaysian citizens.
Izzati Adilah Azmir, Muhammad Haziq Roslizi
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and practice (KAP) of molecular biology among 154 undergraduate students from various Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) campuses in Malaysia. A crosssectional survey design was employed using a structured questionnaire, and data were analysed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation. Results showed that 52.60% of respondents achieved excellent knowledge, 38.31% had good knowledge, 7.14% were adequate, and 1.95% were poor (F (3,150) = 3.92, p = 0.00995). Awareness levels were higher, with 60.39% of respondents classified as excellent and 35.71% as good (F (3,150) = 3.26, p = 0.023). However, practice scores were lower, with 66.23% in the adequate category, 21.43% as poor, and only 12.34% as good (F (3,150) = 10.00, p < 0.00001). Pearson’s correlation revealed a strong positive relationship between knowledge and awareness (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), a moderate positive correlation between knowledge and practice (r = 0.42, p < 0.01), and a weak, non-significant correlation between awareness and practice (r = 0.21, p > 0.05). These findings indicate that while theoretical understanding and awareness of molecular biology are relatively strong, practical engagement remains limited. Bridging this gap requires greater emphasis on hands-on learning and integration of laboratory-based modules within the curriculum. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights for curriculum enhancement, aiming to align theoretical knowledge, awareness, and practical competency in molecular biology education.
Paul Dominic Jarry Jr., M.A, B.A., A.A
This study investigated the adoption and use of Learning Management Systems (LMS) among teachers and students in private higher education institutions in Greater Noida, India. The study is significant as it highlights their role in enhancing teaching, learning, and digital competency. Using a Cross-Sectional Survey Design, data were collected from 182 participants (76 teachers and 106 students) across two universities. The researcher used Descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses to examine LMS usage, adoption levels, and the influence of UTAUT constructs and demographics. Findings revealed that students’ adoption is primarily driven by perceived usefulness and social influence, while teachers’ adoption depends on perceived ease of use and facilitating conditions. Persistent challenges, including limited internet connectivity, outdated devices, and insufficient faculty training, constrain effective LMS utilization. Overall, LMS adoption is moderate to positive, but successful integration requires addressing these infrastructural and training gaps. Based on the findings, the study recommends enhancing technological infrastructure, providing continuous faculty training, establishing departmental LMS support, promoting peer mentoring, and implementing regular monitoring to optimize engagement and learning outcomes.
Ewe Elias
Housing affordability has become a critical concern in Addis Ababa due to rapid urbanization, rising housing prices, and limited income growth. This study examines the affordability of housing across sub-cities, focusing on median house prices for villas, apartments, and condominiums, and their relationship to median household income. Data were primary collected from secondary sources, including the Ethiopian Statistical Service, Ministry of Urban and Infrastructure, and World Bank reports, and informal sources, including local residents, and housing brokers. Descriptive statistical analysis, including mean, median, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and median multiple, were employed to evaluate price levels, variability, and affordability. The results reveal that housing in Addis Ababa is extremely unaffordable for middle and low income households, particularly in high-demand sub-cities, where median multiples far exceed internationally recommended thresholds. Variability in prices reflects heterogeneity in the housing market. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted policies to expand affordable housing, regulate speculative pricing, and provide accessible housing options for middle-income residents.
M. A. Rahim, Md. Rahmat Sarker
The rapid growth of social media has had an impact on political communication that has never before been seen. It provides an enormous opportunity for information to be disseminated. Perhaps one of the biggest concerns of social media is the widespread dissemination of “misinformation ” a topic that Study has shown has had an appreciable impact on society and a disproportionate impact on democratic processes and the widening of the gap in the political spectrum. This paper examines the relationship of misinformation to democracy with emphasis placed upon the role social media sites play in spreading fake or misleading information. Using theoretical frameworks and empirical data from case studies, the paper illustrates and provides insight into the harmful effects misinformation can have on the legitimacy of democratic institutions and the increase in ideological polarization toward elections. The paper continues to provide insights on how the concepts of algorithms, echo chambers and filter bubbles help promote the reinforcement of polarized viewpoints at the expense of deliberative democracy. Finally, the paper concludes with potential remedies to address the problem of misinformation, such as improving media literacy and fact checking and regulatory measures while also emphasizing the need to find a balance between addressing the spread of misinformation and protecting free speech.
Camara Abdoul Hack, Ibrahim Wanni Tohyala
The question of the organization of personal status, in particular the marriage contract, is one of the fundamental issues that guarantee the stability of society and the rights of individuals, and requires modern legislation that is in line with contemporary systems. The Republic of Mali stands out as a model integrating Islamic Sharia, traditions and modern laws. The National Directorate of Civil Registry plays a central role in the authentication of contracts and the organization of legal procedures, in order to ensure the rights of the parties and the stability of the family. The study offers a comparison between Malian law and the provisions of Islamic Shariah, with a detailed analysis of conditions and procedures, such as age, consent, dowry, and prohibited marriages. It also highlights the importance of official contract registration to ensure and protect rights in the event of a dispute. It also aims to improve the legal system and strengthen the protection of individual rights, thus contributing to the establishment of a stable family and a cohesive society. It can be said that it revolves around the organization of personal status, in particular the marriage contract in the Republic of Mali.
Angelyn F. Nineza, Ayesha Cassandra T. Rivera, Hannah Grace S. Parcasio, Jason A. Roble, Maricel P. Villamor
TikTok has become a significant platform for emotional support among student-parents navigating academic and caregiving demands. This study assessed the perceived role of TikTok as emotional support for student- parents at the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines-Claveria. Employing a quantitative descriptive research design, data were collected through a modified Online Social Support Scale from 45 student- parents using a total enumeration sampling method. Results revealed that most student-parents frequently viewed music, educational, and parenting content on TikTok, highlighting the platform’s dual role in entertainment and practical support. Participants rated TikTok highly in providing comfort (60.1%), reassurance (68.8%), and encouragement (60.1%), reflecting its effectiveness in reducing stress and feelings of isolation. The theoretical framework integrated Social Penetration Theory, Uses and Gratifications Theory, and Social Support Theory to explain how TikTok fosters emotional well-being through relatable and community-driven content. The study concludes that TikTok acts as a meaningful coping resource that enhances the emotional resilience of student- parents. It recommends integrating TikTok-based content in mental health interventions within educational settings to better support student-parents. Future research should expand to diverse academic contexts to validate these findings.
Mashudu Nenzhelele, Muhali Ndou, Ratau Monobe, Takalani Musetha, Takalani Tshiovhe
The study investigated the phasing out of accounting at the Further Education and Training (FET) level in Limpopo Province. This study employed a qualitative approach to explore challenges that led to the phasing out of accounting. Literature from primary and secondary sources was reviewed to collect detailed insights. Participants of this study were purposively selected. This was followed by interviews with one (1) Provincial Subject Coordinator, ten (10) Subject Advisors, and ten (10) Principals in Limpopo Province. The data collected was coded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically using verbatim. Based on the investigations conducted in the Limpopo Province in district offices, and schools, critical factors such as a decrease in the number of learners enrolled for Accounting, improper teaching qualifications for Accounting, career guidance not offered properly, and results-driven conditions set by the Government. Addressing these factors may lead to the reinstating of Accounting in FET. Accounting and the reintroduction of the subject in schools that have already phased out the subject. These findings are vital in South Africa, which is experiencing a serious shortage of chartered accountants and other financial and auditing professionals. This study recommends qualitative research on the teachers' perceptions of the schools that phased out Accounting in the future.
Fitri Norhabiba, Hasna Nur Lina, Mutiah, Oni Dwi Arianto, Puspita Sari Sukardani, Tatak Setiadi, Vinda Maya Setianingrum
This research discusses social media usage behavior among Generation Z in the city of Surabaya and the phenomena of connected but alone and constant connectivity that emerge in the context of modern communication digitization. Using a quantitative descriptive approach through a survey of 130 respondents, this study found that 30.8% of respondents agreed that social media is individualistic, and 32.8% agreed that excessive internet use has become part of their lifestyle. Other data shows that 53.4% agreed that connections on social media are shallow, yet 58.1% also agreed that they feel more accepted when their posts get many likes/comments. These results indicate that Gen Z uses social media daily, feels that connections on social media are shallow, but also feels the need to check for new notifications. This study uses Turkle's connected but alone theory, which highlights the paradox of digital technology on human social relationships. The phenomenon of connected but alone not only describes the paradox of modern communication but also gives rise to complex psychological implications for young people, particularly Gen Z. In this context, constant digital connectivity creates an illusion of social closeness, while emotionally individuals actually experience loneliness and social exhaustion. This survey data illustrates a clear modern paradox: a high dependence on the internet and social media triggers excessive use. This intensive use, in turn, produces feelings of loneliness and shallow relationships, which are the core of the "connected but alone" phenomenon. The urge for "constant connectivity" creates anxiety and shifts the source of self-validation to the digital world.
Junaidi Matsum, Yohanes Bahari
This study aims to investigate the practice method as a determinant of accounting learning achievement among senior high school students. Specifically, this research addresses three main objectives: (1) To compare the implementation of the practice method against conventional methods (i.e., lecture and question-and-answer), (2) To identify the differences in accounting learning achievement resulting from these two methods, and (3) To determine the effectiveness of the practice method in enhancing student learning outcomes compared to the conventional approach. This study employed an experimental method utilizing a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Kakap, Kubu Raya Regency, involving a sample of 56 12th-grade Social Sciences students selected via cluster sampling. Data were collected through direct observation and document analysis, and subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages) and an inferential t-test. The findings revealed that the practice method was significantly more effective than the conventional method in improving accounting learning outcomes. Students in the experimental group (practice method) demonstrated greater improvement in test scores and a more significant reduction in the number of low-achieving students compared to the control group (conventional method). Therefore, the practice method serves as a key factor in enhancing the accounting learning success of senior high school students.
Edy Fernandez, Efendy Efendy, Nurtaji Wathoni, Sharfina Nabilah, Sri Mulyawati, Tajidan Tajidan
Utilizing price margin as a metric for price effectiveness is deemed inappropriate, as margin serves merely as an intermediate indicator of performance. This research introduces the concept of the Pricing Effectiveness Index (PEI) to assess price effectiveness, specifically employing the profit change index to evaluate price fluctuations expressed in proportional or percentage terms. The study was conducted across all traditional markets in Mataram City utilizing census methodologies. Data collection encompassed both observational and survey techniques. Observations and surveys were executed within the commercial establishments of retailers dealing in vegetables, particularly water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). The findings indicate that the PEI is a viable tool for measuring the price effectiveness of water spinach in traditional markets and holds potential for assessing the price effectiveness of other products. Furthermore, it can serve as a strategic framework for adjusting prices to enhance profitability for business operators.
Kenneth Ter Bai, Mamman Mahammad Alhassan
This study examined the prospects and limitations of adopting Community Land Trusts (CLTs) as a participatory land and housing model for rural development in Benue State, Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected from 338 respondents across conflict-affected communities, complemented by six key informant interviews with policymakers and housing experts. Descriptive findings showed a predominantly youthful population (51.2% aged 18-34), a slight female majority (54.4%), and a high incidence of displacement (76%), underscoring the urgent need for sustainable and community-based housing solutions. Awareness of CLTs was generally low (70.7% disagreed they knew the concept), yet respondents expressed openness to their principles, particularly community participation (54.8% agreement) and affordability potential (39.4% agreement). A multiple regression model revealed that CLT-related perceptions accounted for 4.2% of the variance in housing outcomes (R² = 0.042, p = 0.046). Only one predictor, “land tenure customs may limit CLT adoption”, was statistically significant (β = -0.179, p = 0.001), indicating that entrenched customary land systems remain a major barrier to feasibility. Thematic insights reinforced the need for legal reform, institutional support, and extensive sensitisation before CLTs can be effectively implemented. The study concludes that while CLTs hold conceptual promise for affordability and community stewardship, their practical adoption in Benue State requires alignment between formal law, customary tenure, and community-based governance frameworks.
Nor Hasniah binti Ibrahim, Vimala Govindaraju
The discourse surrounding education today often highlights technical proficiency, yet academic analysis reveals that interpersonal communication (IPC) is central to the lives of undergraduate students, fundamentally shaping friendships, academic collaboration, and professional development trajectories. Communication is not established as "simply a skill" that everyone can utilize effectively; rather, it is a complex, valuable discipline that necessitates specialized study to achieve true proficiency. An education focused on communication equips individuals with the capacity for scientific research through diverse approaches including rhetorical, qualitative, and quantitative studies alongside domain knowledge in areas like business, political, and interpersonal communication. This article analyzes the relationship between human psychology and interpersonal communication, emphasizing how perceptions, emotions, and cognitive processes affect how students express themselves, settle disputes, and form bonds. The study makes the case that improving interpersonal communication abilities benefits students' social and academic lives as well as their readiness for professional settings where successful human connection is crucial.
Ameera Haani Amran, Jamiah Manap, NorAzzatunnisak Mohd Khatib, Salina Nen
Loneliness is a universal phenomenon that happens to individuals across all ages and backgrounds. Previous research reports highlighted that the younger generation, particularly the Z Generation, is experiencing the highest cases of loneliness, that often linked to their various attachment styles. Despite these alarming trends, the underlying basis of such claims remains underexplored. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship between attachment styles and loneliness among Generation Z in the Klang Valley. This quantitative study employed two validated and reliable instruments: The Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) and the Malay version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale-8 (ULS-8). A total of 410 participants aged between 18 and 28 were selected using convenience sampling, which was recruited via an online platform. The results of the analysis found that there was a significant relationship between the sub-dimension of attachment, namely, anxiety, closeness, and dependence. The findings of this study offer meaningful knowledge to raise awareness of loneliness and attachment among the Z generation. It also provides support for the notion that negative or insecure attachment can lead to a higher level of loneliness. These findings' implications are discussed, considering the expansion of knowledge in designing an appropriate framework to nurture positive attachment during early developmental stages as one of the preventions to loneliness.
Justin Rhey S.Tundanay, Lady Rose S.Orina, Lexer Jade J. Dupeno LPT. MATT, Melfeuna. D Monticillo Erna B.Villasan, Ruffa Mae S.Salarda, Sarah Mae U.Dialong
This study examined the relationship between employee commitment and employee performance among AsiaPro Cooperative employees in Barangay Capitan Bayong, Impasugong. Bukidnon. anchored on Social Exchange Theory (SET), Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory which studies how people interact by weighing the potential costs and benefits of their relationship A quantitative research design employing a descriptive-correlational approach was used, with 120 permanent employees from Asia Pro's Agricultural Services as respondents. Data were gathered using a survey questionnaire constructed on a 4-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were applied to measure the levels of commitment and performance. At the same time, Spearman's rank correlation was used to test the relationship between the two constructs. Findings revealed that the employees demonstrated a very high level of commitment in affective, continuance, and normative dimensions, as well as a very high level of performance. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between employee commitment and employee performance, thereby rejecting the null hypothesis. The results underscore the importance of fostering organizational commitment to enhance employee performance. It is recommended that AsiaPro Cooperative continue strengthening employee attachment to the organization by recognizing outstanding performance, improving compensation and benefits, and reinforcing its mission and values. By cultivating a culture of loyalty, recognition, and support, the cooperative can further sustain high performance and organizational success.
David Normor, Jaslie Z. Osing, Jason B. Mabao, Jasten S. Dumilao, Jerry Marie P. Tuba, Vannes Bert R. Delima, Venice Ella Jane Y. Dialong
This study investigated the relationship between employee work engagement and employee performance among employees of Dole Stanfilco assigned to the Kibangan site. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design, the study assessed work engagement through the dimensions of vigor, dedication, and absorption using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), while employee performance was measured using the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ). A total of 127 respondents participated, selected through stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation. Findings revealed that employees demonstrated a very high level of work engagement, particularly in dedication and absorption, indicating strong commitment, pride, and deep involvement in their tasks. Vigor was rated high, suggesting stable but slightly lower levels of energy and persistence. Employee performance was found to be high, with employees showing effective planning, adaptability, initiative, and consistent fulfillment of assigned duties. However, correlation results indicated no significant relationship between employee work engagement and employee performance across all dimensions (p > .05). This suggests that high engagement does not automatically translate into measurable performance within this organizational setting. Factors such as leadership practices, workload demands, resource availability, and organizational systems may moderate or overshadow the influence of engagement on performance. The study concludes that while engagement remains essential for employee well-being and motivation, performance outcomes require supportive structures that enable employees to convert engagement into productive work behaviors. Recommendations for management and future researchers are provided to further explore contextual factors influencing this relationship.
Vamakshi Chaturvedi
This paper examines the rise of the digital economy with a focus on e-commerce and digital services from 2010 to 2023. Drawing on secondary data from global institutions and industry reports, the study evaluates how technological innovation, consumer adoption, and regulatory frameworks have reshaped economic activity worldwide. The analysis highlights consistent double-digit growth in e-commerce, the expansion of IT-enabled services, and the increasing role of cloud computing, fintech, and digital payments. Findings suggest that the digital economy has become a structural driver of global growth, with emerging economies, such as India, leveraging digital services as key export categories, while advanced economies consolidate their leadership in platforms and innovation. The study concludes that the digital economy is redefining comparative advantage, shaping global supply chains, and positioning digital infrastructure and policy frameworks as decisive factors for competitiveness in the 21st century.
Ahmad Faiz Mohd Ezanee, Nomahaza Mahadi, Siti Azreen Habeeb Rahuman
The gig economy is changing the way organisations work, and the shift is becoming too significant to ignore. This paper explores how the rise of flexible and independent work arrangements is reshaping leadership approaches and traditional organisational structures. The discussion looks at how technology, worker expectations, and market demands have opened the door for project-based work that gives people more freedom but also brings new challenges for businesses. Using Self Determination Theory as a guide, the paper highlights how autonomy, competence, and a sense of connection are important in keeping gig workers motivated, especially when they operate with limited security and little attachment to one employer. The review of recent literature shows a mix of opportunities and concerns. There is potential for organisations to gain more agility and access to specialised skills, but there are also issues linked to regulation, wellbeing, and fair treatment. This paper concludes that organisations need to adapt by rethinking leadership styles, strengthening collaboration between mixed workforces, and investing in continuous learning for everyone involved. Those willing to adjust and embrace the reality of gig work will be better prepared for the future of employment.
Ana Prastiwi, Fanny Tanuwijaya, Nuzulia Kumala Sari
The regulation of copyright as marital property in Law No. 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright is not explicitly regulated, but indeed in the provisions of Article 16 of the Copyright Law, it seems to be open to interpretation that copyright in this case is in the form of economic rights that are indeed obtained during the marriage and constitute movable property that is also part of the joint property that must be divided upon the termination of the marriage due to divorce. Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage also does not clearly regulate the position of copyright as part of joint property, but it is clearly stated in the Marriage Law that property acquired during marriage is joint property, which must be divided between husband and wife when the marriage ends due to divorce. Legal certainty regarding copyright as part of joint property already exists, but it is still considered insufficiently concrete. There is no clear and concrete regulation regarding the mechanism for dividing copyright as joint property. Copyright brings two consequences, namely moral rights and economic rights in the form of royalties, public. Meanwhile, joint property stipulates that all acquired joint property must be divided into two, and this is where the conflict lies. The absence of clear rules has resulted in legal uncertainty regarding the period of distribution of economic rights to copyright as joint property, even though it has been decided by the court.
Ajuhari Zamru, Mohd Hafizal Ismail, Mohd Khairil Saufi Bin Zulkeppli, Sam Shor Nahar Yaakob, Sheena Bidin
This study investigates the socio-psychological factors influencing Malaysian hikers’ intentions to adopt Leave No Trace (LNT) practices at Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia’s highest national park peak. Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the guiding framework, this study examines the role of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control in predicting hikers’ intentions to practice LNT behaviors. A quantitative survey was carried out to 278 hikers using a validated questionnaire. Findings reveal varying levels of awareness and misconceptions regarding specific LNT principles. While many respondents showed alignment with land management recommendations on several practices (M < 2.62), significant gaps were observed in understanding waste disposal and considerate behavior. Specifically, 55% of hikers incorrectly perceived leaving food scraps for wildlife as appropriate (M = 4.64), and 61% considered taking breaks along the trail edge as suitable (M = 5.48). MANOVA results indicate that demographic factors—gender, hiking experience, and climber skills—significantly influence attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions. Hiking experience showed the strongest effect (η² = .21–.26), followed by gender (η² = .24–.25), and climber skills (η² = .14). Interaction effects among these factors were also significant, indicating that these demographic characteristics collectively shape hikers’ environmentally responsible behaviors. Stepwise multiple regression analysis confirmed that attitude (β = .377, p < .001), subjective norm (β = .139, p < .001), and perceived behavioral control (β = .240, p = .004) together explained 53.8% of the variance in behavioral intention (R² = .538). The results underscore the importance of integrating social influence, personal agency, and demographic tailoring into LNT education strategies. These findings offer practical insights for environmental educators, park managers, and policymakers seeking to enhance environmental stewardship among Malaysia’s growing outdoor recreation community.
Mohd Allif Anwar Bin Abu Bakar, Phoen Chua Yi Feng, Saizal Bin Pinjaman
Tax revenue is essential for national development, yet sustaining high levels of tax compliance remains challenging, particularly in regions marked by poverty and income inequality. Sabah, which has the highest poverty rate and some of the widest income disparities in Malaysia, offers a context where financial strain may strongly influence taxpayer behaviour. This conceptual paper examines how financial strain affects individual tax compliance in Sabah by drawing on Prospect Theory to explain behavioural responses under economic pressure and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to clarify how trust in government act as a mediator and mediate the relationship between financial strain and tax compliance intentions. A review of existing literature highlights a notable empirical gap regarding the effects of financial strain on tax compliance in settings characterised by socioeconomic hardship. To address this, the proposed framework incorporates trust in government as a mediating variable, recognising that institutional confidence may transmit or modify the impact of financial strain on compliance. The study contributes theoretically by integrating behavioural economics and TPB, and practically by offering insights for the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) in developing more equitable and targeted compliance strategies. It further establishes a foundation for future empirical research.
Fauzi Naeim, Liu Dongyu, Mo Yunjie, Zhu Zhenya
As urbanization picks up speed, city people experience less exposure to natural settings and more noise pollution, which causes psychological stress. Birdsong, running water, and rustling leaves are examples of natural soundscapes that have been shown to have profoundly positive psychological impacts. This study examines how natural soundscapes might aid in psychological healing in urban public areas, examines how they can improve mood, reduce stress, and regain focus, and summarizes real-world uses in a variety of urban contexts. According to research, natural soundscapes not only improve mental health but also positively impact physiological markers, providing urban residents with an inexpensive, easily accessible, and non-invasive means of achieving psychological healing. In order to improve the psychological well-being and quality of life of locals, this paper attempts to offer theoretical underpinnings and useful recommendations for urban public space design.
Che Mohd Zaid Yusuf, Mohd Ala-uddin Othman, Mohd Firdaus Yahaya, Mohd Hazli Yah@Alias, Muhammad Rusdi Ab Majid
Nonverbal communication plays an important role in the teaching process, especially in the teaching of Arabic to non-native speakers. The Hadith of Jibril, which recounts the interaction between Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the Angel Jibril, provides a classic example of how nonverbal communication supports verbal messages. This article analyzes the nonverbal elements in the Hadith of Jibril, such as body posture, hand gestures, and nonverbal affirmation, and links these elements to pedagogical practices in Arabic language teaching. This study uses a content analysis approach, referencing nonverbal communication theories by Mehrabian, Argyle, and Hall. The results of the study show that nonverbal communication plays a role in reinforcing students’ understanding and enhancing the effectiveness of teaching. The article also provides practical guidelines for applying nonverbal communication elements in the teaching of Arabic to non-native speakers.
Olalekan Idowu JIMOH
This study examines the pivotal role of security education in promoting sustainable national security in Nigeria, moving beyond reliance on traditional kinetic responses. It posits that security education, anchored in civic values, peacebuilding, and vigilance, is a vital, non-kinetic strategy for fostering citizen resilience and preventing threats like radicalisation, banditry, and communal violence. The research employs a qualitative, analytical design, underpinned by Bandura’s Social Learning Theory (SLT), to review trends, challenges, and opportunities from credible secondary sources. The analysis reveals positive trends toward curriculum integration (e.g., JSS Security Education) and the professionalisation of security studies (e.g., NDA's B.Sc. in Intelligence and Security Science, NDA, 2025). However, these advances are critically undermined by major challenges: poor curriculum implementation due to untrained teachers, widespread corruption and weak governance, and the fundamental contradiction of insecurity in learning environments. The findings conclude that security education is an underutilized strategic tool whose effectiveness is hampered by systemic funding deficits and implementation failures. To address this, opportunities must be leveraged, including technology for mass outreach, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), and integrating early-warning systems into school infrastructure. The study recommends implementing a fully funded, mandatory National Security Literacy Programme to build a proactive, security-conscious citizenry.
Lovemore Munyati
The purpose of this study sought to determine the role of self-efficacy in dialogue and argumentation to improve students’ academic performance in O’ level Mathematics. The study employed a mixed methods approach to collect quantitative data using teachers’ questionnaires and qualitative data using interviews with the participating Mathematics Heads of Departments. The subjects of this study consisted of 66 O’ level Mathematics teachers who were randomly selected and 10 Mathematics Head of Department who were purposively selected at particular schools in Zimbabwe. Hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modelling approach that employed AMOS version 22. Thematic analysis was used in qualitative analytic procedures to process the interview. The empirical findings of the study established that that mathematical self-efficacy is both a catalyst and enabler for productive dialogic engagement and academic success in Mathematics. The findings of the study might not be generalised to other academic levels like or tertiary institutions since it was limited to the role of self-efficacy in dialogue and argumentation for enhanced academic performance of ordinary level mathematics students. Results of this study have implications for both policy and practice with regards to the teaching of ordinary level mathematics in Zimbabwe.
Alexandra Semkina, Chemaline Anak Osup, Mazura Mastura Muhammad, Saripah Banseng, Siah Anak Jingan, Wesam M. A. Ibrahim
Ensera is a literary work of the Iban people that contains the values of the community in ancient times. It was initially created as entertainment, passed down orally from person to person using the Iban language. Women have a specific roles, dignity, and image as depicted in the ensera. This article aims to examine the roles of women in “Ensera Iban”. The study employed qualitative methods specifically Text Analysis Method, Library Research Method and interview to unravel and analyze the roles of women in Ensera Iban. The study also examines the roles of women through thematic and sociological approaches. Four Iban Ensera were chosen on namely “Ensera Ayor”, “Kumang Betelu”, “Kumang Ngiga Lintum” and “Wat Lamba”. The findings show that women indeed play a very important role in Iban Ensera. This roles is divided into three parts; first, the responsibilities and duties of Iban women as well as the function and contribution of Iban women. It is shown that all categories of women in these Iban Ensera, including girls, mothers, and grandmothers, play their respective roles in daily life, during festivals, for the community, and within the family institution. The findings of this study are expected to contribute significantly to the enrichment of scholarly resources related to women and ensera. This research not only broadens the academic discussion on gender representation in Iban oral literature but also encourages further exploration of linguistic and cultural diversity within the Iban language of Sarawak. Ultimately, it supports the preservation and continuity of Iban literary heritage while inspiring more researchers to engage in studies that highlight the richness and uniqueness of indigenous languages and traditions.
Hanifah Moksin, Intan Izzatul Fariza Rossli, Simranpreet Kaur Hansaram
This qualitative study investigates the determinants of success and failure for women-owned small businesses in Selangor, Malaysia. Through in-depth interviews with ten women entrepreneurs, the research explores the interconnected challenges and strategic navigations that define their entrepreneurial journeys. The findings reveal a complex ecosystem where venture outcomes are shaped by a dynamic negotiation between structural constraints and personal agency. Participants identified a Gendered Ecosystem of Constraint, characterized by the double burden of work-family conflict, precarious financial access, and market inequalities, as a primary contributor to venture failure. In response, they mobilize an Inner Fortitude and Drive, founded on psychological capital, passion, and resilience, as a critical counterforce. This internal resource is operationalized through Strategic Navigational Competence, involving calculated risk-taking, customer-centric innovation, and proactive networking. A central paradox emerges, however, in the Gendered Ethic of Sacrifice, where the same exhaustive personal investment lauded as essential for success is also a key driver of burnout. The study concludes that sustainable entrepreneurship for women requires systemic interventions that alleviate structural barriers, moving beyond a model that places the burden of overcoming inequality solely on individual superhuman effort.
Nooramira Ghazali, Nurul Farhana Azmi, Nurul Najibah Zainal, Siti Aisyah Sabri, Wan Mohd Khairul Firdaus Wan Khairuldin
Malaysian Muslim communities show varied views on entrepreneurship among asnaf, yet many infopreneurs achieve upward mobility in business. This study explains common attributes of successful asnafpreneurs, the contribution of zakat microfinancing and ʿamil institutions to their trajectories, and the position of Islamic law on economic participation. This conceptual paper employs an explanatory, library based approach. Data collection used structured literature searches and purposive selection of authoritative sources, including classical and contemporary fiqh texts, fatwa resolutions, Shariah governance standards, program guidelines of zakat institutions, policy documents, and peer reviewed articles indexed in major databases. Data were analyzed through doctrinal legal analysis, thematic synthesis, and narrative comparison guided by maqasid al shariah and inclusive finance frameworks, with cross reading of Malaysian practice and relevant regional cases. Results indicate shared success factors grounded in spiritual capital, including religiosity, purposeful intention, self discipline, and resilience that translate into prudent financial behavior and customer trust. Externally, access to zakat microfinancing, notably revolving qard al hasan, asset provision, mentoring, and aftercare, expands working capital, enables productive asset acquisition, and supports formalization and growth, although challenges persist in market volatility, capability gaps, and uneven business skills. From an Islamic law perspective, asnafpreneurs possess full legal capacity in muamalat and may engage in entrepreneurship provided Shariah requirements are observed and income and practices remain halal. The paper concludes that integrating spiritual capital with structured, Shariah compliant zakat microfinancing is a significant driver of business success and warrants scaled access, targeted capability building, inclusive support, and systematic monitoring.
Jamiah Manap, Nor Azzatun Nisak Mohd Khatib, Salina Nen
Successful children do not develop in isolation. They are nurtured within families and integrated into vibrant communities with distinct cultures. This study seeks to benchmark and examine the practices of supportive socio-cultural environments fostering successful Malay children from families honoured with the Ibu Mithālī national award. Using a Grounded Theory in qualitative approach, five themes emerged: clean and rich environment, smart policy, wise leadership, supportive community, and strong family.
Chaima BAHRI, Siwar YOUSSEF
To stimulate economic growth, different governments have considered institutional frameworks and policies in place to support entrepreneurship. Nonetheless, a number of studies have demonstrated that institutional and individual factors influence entrepreneurial intentions in different ways, which contributes to inefficiencies. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analysis the relationship between a set of personal and contextual factors and entrepreneurial intention. Using the PLS-SEM software a mediation analysis was conducted on data gathered from a sample of 367 undergraduate Tunisian students. The results indicated that the TPB not only has direct influence on entrepreneurial intention but that it also has a positive mediation effect on the influence of institutional pillars on entrepreneurial intention. The results of this study highlight the relevance of the interactive effects of personal characteristics, education, motivation, and government policies on entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, this study adds to the body of entrepreneurship literature in two ways: first, by confirming the strong findings that public support is among the best indicators of entrepreneurial intention (EI): we confirmed that in the Tunisian society, entrepreneurship is a socially supported behaviour and is regarded as an appropriate career option. Second, we provided a framework for future research to address the paradoxical findings, according to Shirokova et al. (2020), similar organizations and resources for entrepreneurship may yield different outcomes under different circumstances, which contradicts our findings.
Ahmad Dahlan Salleh, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, Asmilyia Mohd Mokhtar
This study examines the influence of Abû al-Ḥasan ‘Alî al-Ḥasanî al-Nadwî's thought on Islamic movements in Malaysia, particularly the Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia (ABIM). It is based on the need to understand how Nadwi’s spiritual worldview and critique of Western modernity shaped Islamic ideals in Malaysia, an aspect often overlooked in previous research. The objectives are to identify the nature of Nadwi’s influence, assess its adaptation in the local context, and evaluate its relevance to current moral and spiritual challenges. Employing a qualitative approach, the study combines document analysis and in-depth interviews with Ustaz Muhammad Syafiq bin Ismail, ABIM’s Head of Information, and conducts thematic analysis grounded in Nadwi’s core ideas of tarbiyyah ruhiyyah (spiritual education), islah al-mujtama‘ (social reform), and his critique of modern materialism. The findings reveal that Nadwi’s thought has significantly shaped ABIM’s da‘wah and educational orientation by emphasizing a balance between knowledge, action, and spirituality while rejecting secularism. The study recommends strengthening Nadwi’s intellectual legacy through integration in Islamic education and digital dissemination to maintain its relevance in addressing contemporary issues.
Ahmad Dahlan Salleh, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, Asmilyia Mohd Mokhtar
This study examines the influence of Abû al-Ḥasan ‘Alî al-Ḥasanî al-Nadwî's thought on Islamic movements in Malaysia, particularly the Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia (ABIM). It is based on the need to understand how Nadwi’s spiritual worldview and critique of Western modernity shaped Islamic ideals in Malaysia, an aspect often overlooked in previous research. The objectives are to identify the nature of Nadwi’s influence, assess its adaptation in the local context, and evaluate its relevance to current moral and spiritual challenges. Employing a qualitative approach, the study combines document analysis and in-depth interviews with Ustaz Muhammad Syafiq bin Ismail, ABIM’s Head of Information, and conducts thematic analysis grounded in Nadwi’s core ideas of tarbiyyah ruhiyyah (spiritual education), islah al-mujtama‘ (social reform), and his critique of modern materialism. The findings reveal that Nadwi’s thought has significantly shaped ABIM’s da‘wah and educational orientation by emphasizing a balance between knowledge, action, and spirituality while rejecting secularism. The study recommends strengthening Nadwi’s intellectual legacy through integration in Islamic education and digital dissemination to maintain its relevance in addressing contemporary issues.
Carrey Oliver, Rozaini Binti Rosli
For Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating in emerging economies, the millennial demographic represents a lucrative but paradoxical challenge: they are hyper-connected digitally yet financially cautious, responding poorly to standard Western marketing paradigms. This article identifies a "Strategic Dissonance" in markets like Sabah, Malaysia, where the prevailing "Marketing 4.0" approach, relying on Brand Image and Identity, is failing to convert high digital engagement into sustainable sales, creating a "Millennial Marketing Gap" that threatens SME survival. We propose the "Asymmetrical Trust Framework," which argues that in collectivist, economically sensitive markets, the path to purchase is not driven by individualistic aesthetics but by communal validation. We provide managers with an Integrity-First roadmap, detailing how to pivot from Vanity Metrics to Trust KPIs, leverage Ethical Kinship, and navigate the transition from digital broadcasting to community dialogue.
Dr. Samuel Mwiti Njagi
The ungoverned territories are the major breeding grounds for violent extremism in various parts of the world. These spaces provide conducive environment for violent extremists to thrive, posing serious security challenges in the international system. Though ungoverned territories are a major security threat in the international system, many governments especially in Africa have given little or no attention to those spaces in their security agenda. This paper therefore examines whether the North Eastern region in Kenya is an ungoverned territory, and if yes, how such a territory has emboldened radicalization into violent extremism. The study adopts qualitative research that underlines non-numerical aspects such as emotions, feelings and opinions. Primary data was used to corroborate the secondary sources so as to enrich the argument presented in this study. Interviews with experts among them security officials, local administrators and scholars who are versed with the subject matter was sought. The triangulation of both primary and secondary data was employed in the analysis. The findings of this study depict that the North Eastern region is an ungoverned territory. This is because the region lacks effective control by the central government, proper enforcement of the rule of law, adequate provision of basic services by the government, and has ineffective institutions. The study further demonstrates that the ungoverned territory of the North Eastern region has played a significant role in emboldening violent extremism in the region. Since this territory has weak social contract between the residents and the government, has created safe havens for violent extremists to operate, and has ineffective institutions that make the provision of basic services difficult, it has created a conducive environment for the spread of violent extremism. This study therefore underlines the need to combat violent extremism in the region by addressing the prevailing governance challenges.
Argie S. Manuel, Dariel Justin V. Daquioag, Kimberly L. Mandalihan, Peter John B. Ladran, Regie Boy B. Fabro
This study investigates the impact of time-varying electrical loads on household energy consumption and carbon emissions, with the goal of developing strategies for load management to reduce carbon footprints. Conducted in the residential households of San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte, Philippines, the research employed a descriptive-correlational design and a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data on energy usage and carbon emissions were collected through electricity bills and energy monitoring devices, while qualitative insights were gathered through surveys and focus group discussions. Statistical analysis and thematic analysis were used to identify household energy consumption patterns, quantify carbon emissions during peak and off-peak hours, and evaluate strategies for shifting energy-intensive activities.
Agwu, Kelechi Destiny, Chiroma, Habu Amina, Hussaini, Udale Ibrahim, Isa, A. Abdul, Okonkwo, Moses Madubueze, Umar, Aminu
It was because architecture must unite delight with utilitarian aspects of commodity and firmness that it proved somewhat recalcitrant to fitting it into the new classification of ‘les beaux arts’ developed in the eighteenth century. Thus, the artistry of architecture (the art in architecture) is only incidental to its primary service in efficiently providing space for human activity- for abattoir activity. So, the implications of sociocultural and physical pre-existences in abattoir architecture in Northern Nigeria are not only significant but also include environmental concerns, public health risks, sociocultural factors, and infrastructure deficits. The current inquiry, therefore, is directed towards the study of the complex interplay of the traditional and the modern, the impedances of harmonious inclusion of traditional abattoir requirements into modern abattoir architecture standards in Northern Nigeria. It captures lived experiences, perceptions, and operational practices of stakeholders in the region, and evolves in its findings three key thematic groupings: policy and regulatory issues, technical and operational challenges, and cultural and social factors.
Amel Ghachem, Jawhar Ben Brahem, Karima Ghzaiel
This paper aims to identify ways to improve insurance premium pricing and claims management to optimize customer experience and increase customer satisfaction. It examines the interaction between variables with two objectives in mind: firstly, to assess the impact of certain aspects of claims management and insurance premiums on customer satisfaction and, secondly, to analyze the role of the cost and severity of claims in insurance premium pricing. Based on a sample of 90 SECA Assurances customers from the 2018–2024 period, and after confirming the endogeneity of the insurance premium variable, we opted for an instrumental variable estimation using the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method. The results show that policyholder satisfaction depends largely on the human and informational dimensions of the service, which reinforce the technical and financial aspects. In addition, insurance premiums are mainly determined by the severity of claims, while the cost of claims does not provide a statistically significant explanation for the variation in premiums. The originality of this paper stems from its integrated approach, considering pricing policies and claims management as interrelated constructs shaping customer satisfaction, thereby offering both theoretical and managerial contributions to life insurance service.
Ace Rose Theodore M. Lappay, Eman Jay V. Gaspar, Gerald M. Guillermo, Ginnie Rayvenne C. Gumaru, Jane N. Cariaga, Norabel M. Garma, Vincent hope A. Jimenez
This tracer study documented the status of employment of the Physical Education graduates of Philippine Normal University North Luzon, school year 2013-2017 which focused three-pronged objectives that which pertaining to employability and employment status, the level of satisfaction in regard to the university services, learning environment and facilities and extent to which the skills learned in the university such as communication skills, leadership skills, human relations skills, problem-solving skills, research skills, knowledge and technical skills and competency skills are being applied in the present work environment. This physical education tracer study employed survey method of reseach to sixty-four (64) physical education graduates whose age ranged from 21-22 years old and who passed the Licensure Examination for Teachers.Majority of the respondents are males. Batch 2017 got the highest percentage passing of the Licensure Examination percentage. In the gathering of data, the field researchers visited the graduates personally. Others were contacted through their social media accounts. This study revealed that 92% were employed and that the university is percieved by the respondents a great factor in employment, and hence, despite disproportional job vacancies compared to graduates there are still bright chances to get a job after graduation through applicatio. 90.06% (64 out of 58) were hired within their area of specialization, and the level of satisfaction in regard the university services, learning environment and facilities is satisfactory but research skills got the lowest mean of 3.32 while leadership skills obtained the highest mean of 3.82. The study recommends that the results be considered in the enhancement of the Bachelor in Physical and Health Education (BPHE) curricular program of the University.
Christianne Mae R. Rivas, Fe G. Villamor, Karen Christine A. Bulan, Nicomedes C. Villamor, Randy B. Baguio, Romel C. Nemiño, Sharon May R. Gibertas
The study assessed the rate of employment and career progression among the graduates from Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) particularly from the Financial Management and Human Resource Management majors of North Eastern Mindanao State University- Tagbina Campus, Academic Year 2022-2023. It is guided by Human Capital and Social Capital Theories, utilized a descriptive quantitative design and a structured questionnaire was adapted from the CHED Graduate Tracer Instrument. Results presented that the total number of respondents represented by women aged 21 to 25 years old, classified as unmarried, and employed within their locality. Most of them acquired their job within six months after graduation, commonly in clerical or entry-level positions, mainly in wholesale, retail or other related industries. Regular or permanent employment were attended by half of the respondent’s population. Graduates developed their essential skills such as communication skills, critical thinking, and teamwork during their college years; however, the results did not meet the expectations as it is reflected opposite to their academic training and specific demands of the workplace. These outcomes suggest the necessity in aligning the BSBA curriculum with the employer expectations, along with career guidance enhancement. In spite of these challenges, adaptability and potential were demonstrated by the graduates of BSBA. By enhancing the real-world learning opportunities, and partnerships with employers the employability and readiness will further evolve its job market.
Sharifah Raudzah S Mahadi, Suriani Sukri, Waeibrorheem Waemustafa
Student satisfaction is a key indicator of teaching quality and institutional performance in higher education. As lecturers function as leaders within the classroom, their leadership behaviours significantly influence students’ learning experiences and perceptions of academic quality. This study examines the influence of transformational, transactional, and task-oriented leadership styles on student satisfaction among undergraduates at Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). Guided by Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986, 1997) and transformational leadership principles, this research employed a quantitative cross-sectional design. A structured questionnaire adapted from established scales was distributed to 370 students. Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.774 to 0.853, indicating acceptable to excellent reliability. Results show that transformational leadership is the strongest predictor of student satisfaction, followed by transactional leadership with a moderate effect, while task-oriented leadership exhibits weak effects. The findings highlight the need for universities to strengthen transformational teaching practices to enhance student satisfaction. Practical implications and recommendations for leadership development among lecturers are provided.
Nazra Aliff bin Nazri, Nor Hafizah binti Abdullah, Norhidayu binti Hasan, Tuan Sharifah Azura binti Tuan Zaki, Wan Norshira binti Wan Ghazali
The growing use of digital platforms has offered new opportunities while also creating concerns, particularly for school students. As a result, media literacy is a vital skill, particularly for school students who are still exposed to the negative effects of online misuse today.This paper discusses the application of the Service Learning Malaysia – University for Society (SULAM) approach in the “Click With Care” Public Relations campaign, which aimed to promote responsible online behaviour and critical thinking about digital content among secondary school students. The campaign occurred at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Kompleks (SMK Kompleks) and engaged 149 Form Three students in interactive workshops, influencer sharing sessions, video presentations, and quizzes. The study adopted a participatory action research technique, which was augmented with post program teacher interviews, student comments, and reflective journals written by the university students who executed the campaign. The indicated improved awareness of misinformation, safer digital habits, and greater understanding of ethical online interaction. Data was confirmed observable positive changes in how students behaved online. In addition, the innovative and interactive activities improved learning engagement and effectiveness. For the university students, the reflective journals indicated progress in cooperation, event planning, communication, and social responsibility, illustrating the benefits of learning from actual involvement in the community. Finally, including community-based initiatives within academic programs may help students learn while also making important contributions to society. The "Click With Care" campaign demonstrates how practical and contextually relevant educational practices may better prepare pupils for today's digital issues.
Cai Yujie, Pariyanto, Sharmini Abdullah
This study investigates the translation of metaphors in the Chinese culinary documentary A Bite of China (Season 1, Episodes 1 and 2), focusing on how culturally rich metaphors are rendered in English subtitles. Employing Peter Newmark’s (1988) well-established translation procedures framework, including literal translation, substitution, paraphrase, and omission, the study systematically analyzed 90 metaphorical expressions identified using the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije University (MIPVU) While Newmark’s procedures remain foundational in guiding subtitle translation, the analysis revealed the emergence of additional, context- sensitive strategies tailored for audiovisual and cross-cultural demands. These newly identified procedures i.e. cultural approximation, metaphor-to-sense translation, visual reinforcement, and explication address the challenges posed by the multimodal and culturally embedded nature of the source text. The findings highlight the dynamic interplay between traditional and innovative translation methods, emphasizing the translator’s role in balancing fidelity to source imagery with viewer accessibility. This study proposes a revised typology of metaphor translation procedures for audio visual translation, reaffirming the importance of cultural salience, audience cognition, and semiotic coherence. The results contribute both theoretically and practically to the field of audiovisual translation, offering subtitlers actionable strategies for handling metaphorically dense and culturally specific content in global media.
Dr. Albert Younas
Contemporary gender and sexuality politics in Pakistan are shaped by a confluence of local histories, religious discourses, structural inequalities, and widespread transnational flows of labour, knowledge, and digital communication. This article critically examines these intersecting dynamics by situating Pakistan within broader South and Southeast Asian migratory networks, with a particular emphasis on the lived experiences of women, queer individuals, and transgender communities, both within Pakistan and throughout the Asian diaspora. Utilising feminist theory, queer theory, postcolonial studies, and migration studies, the article asserts that gendered and sexual struggles in Pakistan are fundamentally transnational, reflecting the global circulation of norms, activism, and resistance. Digital activism, labour migration, diasporic feminist networks, and international human rights frameworks all play significant roles in shaping evolving expressions of agency, identity, and contestation. Through an interdisciplinary review of literature and case studies—including the Aurat March, legal reforms for transgender persons, and the experiences of Pakistani migrant workers in Gulf and Asian cities—the article advocates for a transnational social justice approach grounded in intersectionality, cultural specificity, and international rightsbased collaboration. It concludes that genuine transformation requires addressing structural inequalities at both national and transnational levels, amplifying migrant and queer voices, and resisting the rise of authoritarian and Islamophobic tendencies within the global landscape.
Nor Azlina binti Mohd Noor
This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research on copyright and the law, aiming to map scholarly developments, thematic directions, and collaborative patterns over the past two decades. The problem arises from the increasing complexity of copyright regulation in a rapidly evolving technological environment, where digital dissemination, artificial intelligence and cross border content flows continue to challenge the adequacy of traditional legal frameworks. To address this issue, the study employs a systematic methodology beginning with Scopus advanced searching, which generated an initial dataset subsequently refined to 1,549 publications after applying inclusion criteria. The dataset was cleaned and harmonised using OpenRefine to ensure consistent author, keyword and institutional information. Statistical trends and graphical insights were derived from the Scopus Analyzer, while VOSviewer was used to visualise co authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence structures and country-based research clusters. The numerical results indicate a steady growth of publications with marked increases in recent years corresponding to intensified debates on digital rights, AI generated content and international harmonisation of copyright standards. The United States, United Kingdom and Germany emerge as dominant contributors, while nine keyword clusters reveal core themes such as copyright law, intellectual property, fair use, authorship, artificial intelligence and digital rights management. Collaboration mapping identifies eight clusters of international partnerships, reflecting strong networks in Europe and rising participation from rapidly digitalising countries. The study concludes that research on copyright and the law is expanding in complexity and scope, driven by technological innovations and evolving legal norms. The findings offer a structured overview of the intellectual landscape, providing a solid foundation for future inquiry and guiding policymakers and scholars in anticipating emerging regulatory challenges in the copyright domain.
Antonette Mae C. Espora, Dr. Donato S. Gallego, Giane Carlo G. Roxas, Kristine S. Miguel, Laine Althea D. Octavo, Ma. Paula C. Mercado, Ramz Khen D. Gonzales
This study examined how abusive work environments, specifically abusive supervision and abusive coworker treatment, affected employee well-being and turnover intentions in the Philippine manufacturing sector. Grounded in Social Information Processing Theory, the research also assessed whether mindfulness moderated these relationships. A quantitative correlational design was employed, involving survey data from 343 manufacturing employees in Bulacan. The analysis evaluated how exposure to workplace abuse diminished well-being and shaped employees’ intentions to leave, while determining whether mindfulness functioned as a protective or amplifying factor. Addressing gaps in current literature, particularly within high-pressure and male-dominated industries, the study contributed empirical evidence to the fields of Human Resources and Psychology. It also aligned with Sustainable Development Goals related to health and decent work, offering insights that may guide organizations in developing policies and interventions that support employee well-being and reduce turnover. These findings underscored the need for proactive strategies to cultivate healthier and more supportive manufacturing workplaces.
Dona Raihana Don Ramli, Sarina Yusoff
Communities in Malaysia’s inland regions remain highly vulnerable to recurring flood disasters, yet empirical understanding of how their internal social systems foster resilience is limited. This study addresses this gap by examining the role of social capital in shaping community resilience during the 2024 flood in Hulu Dungun, Terengganu, one of the most severely affected inland areas. Using a qualitative case study approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 residents selected through purposive sampling to explore their lived experiences, coping strategies and mobilisation of social networks throughout the disaster. Findings reveal that social capital serves as a pivotal mechanism enabling communities to withstand, adapt to and recover from flood impacts. Bonding capital provided immediate emotional support, shared labour and rapid neighbourhood level mobilisation. Bridging capital facilitated access to volunteers, inter village assistance and diversified external resources, while linking capital supported residents in navigating institutional aid, accessing early warning information and engaging with formal recovery programs. The interplay of these three dimensions demonstrates how social relationships form an integrative foundation for adaptive capacity and sustained recovery in vulnerable inland communities. The study underscores the importance of disaster governance, community planning and resilience building frameworks that prioritise the strengthening of social capital as a core component of flood management strategies.
Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam, Mohd Saidin Misnan, Nofita Harwin, Yulcherlina, Zelmi Sriyolja
Competitiveness is crucial for construction consulting firms to ensure their long-term viability and sustainability. One way to enhance the competitiveness of construction consulting firms is by understanding the factors of competitiveness. Many organizations find it challenging to identify critical elements required to strengthen their competitive advantage due to the limited amount of research on competitiveness. This study examines journal publications from 1980 to 2025, retrieved from Scopus, Google Scholar, and Crossref databases, using Harzing's Publish or Perish software for data collection and analysis. The Prisma method was used to select articles, and both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to achieve the study's objectives. A total of 45 articles relevant to the research topic were identified and quantitatively analyzed based on their most frequent occurrences in the tabulated data. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with experts from consultant associations and contractor associations were conducted to validate the results of the analysis. This study successfully found the competitiveness factors of construction consulting firms are: human resources, finance, technology, organization, research and development, marketing, strategic management, process management, bidding, innovation, project management, relationships, environment, governance, economy, and performance. These factors are summarized into three categories: internal, external, and index institution (EEI).
Mohamed Amine Haddar
This research explores the phenomenon of handipreneurship in Tunisia, with particular attention to the obstacles encountered by entrepreneurs with disabilities and the mechanisms through which they mobilize empowerment to initiate and sustain entrepreneurial activities. The study aims to understand how disabled individuals navigate structural, social, and psychological constraints, and how these challenges shape their entrepreneurial trajectories. To address these objectives, a qualitative research design was adopted, based on semi-structured interviews conducted with 14 Tunisian entrepreneurs with disabilities aged between 25 and 35. The interview protocol examined participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, motivations, perceived barriers, and empowerment strategies throughout the start-up process. The findings indicate that these entrepreneurs face a multidimensional set of constraints, including limited access to financial and institutional support, scarcity of inclusive infrastructure, social stigma, and reduced self-confidence linked to disability-related experiences. Despite these challenges, participants demonstrate strong agency by activating coping strategies and drawing on personal resilience, family support, peer networks, and collective initiatives. The results highlight a dynamic process in which handipreneurs transform adversity into entrepreneurial opportunities through the progressive development of personal skills, social capital, and a sense of self-efficacy. Overall, the study provides empirical insight into how empowerment unfolds in the entrepreneurial journeys of entrepreneurs with disabilities in Tunisia. It contributes to the literature on inclusive and disability entrepreneurship by proposing an analytical framework that illustrates how empowerment mechanisms, individual, relational, and community-based, facilitate entrepreneurial emergence. The outcomes underscore the need for more inclusive policies, targeted support mechanisms, and awareness initiatives that foster equal access to entrepreneurship for people with disabilities.
Aan Yuliyanto, Candra Tri Utami, Julia Anis Handayani, Tia Citra Bayuni
This research examines elementary school students' understanding of the Nature of Science (NoS) based on gender. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the level of understanding of male and female students regarding NoS concepts, which are an important foundation in science learning. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a survey method to obtain students' understanding of NoS. The sampling technique was carried out through purposive sampling by considering certain characteristics relevant to the research objectives. The research sample consisted of upper elementary school students in the West Java region. The research instrument was a questionnaire containing 47 positive and negative statements with a Likert scale based on the components of NoS, namely scientific knowledge, scientific process, and scientific attitude, which had been developed through literature review and expert validation to explore students' understanding of various aspects of NoS. The results showed that male students obtained an average score of 66, while female students obtained an average score of 65. The difference between these figures was very small, indicating that there was no significant difference in NoS understanding between male and female students. These findings show that NoS understanding is not determined by gender. This study has limitations because it only focused on one region, so the results do not reflect the broader situation. Therefore, further research is recommended to be conducted with a larger geographical coverage and considering other categories such as interests, place of residence, class level, profession and other categories. With a broader research coverage, a more comprehensive reprecentation of students' understanding of NoS in Indonesia is expected to be obtained.
Abdul Razak bin Abdul Kadir, Hasanulddin Mohd, Khiral Anuar Daud
This paper presents a study related to the tracking and digitalization of Malay manuscripts conducted by Sultan Zainal Abidin University (UniSZA) in southern Thailand, specifically in Patani, Narathiwat, and Yala. The project began in 2019 and ended on August 31, 2024, for Phase One. This region is well known for its Islamic scholarly activities in the 18th and 19th centuries. Many prominent scholars and significant works were produced in various fields of knowledge. This legacy is still preserved today in the form of handwritten manuscripts, which may deteriorate if not properly handled. This project aims to trace this invaluable heritage and digitize it for the benefit of contemporary and future generations. The paper includes the background of the study, tracking locations, manuscript lists, challenges, and hopes. The study found that several locations in southern Thailand have collections of Malay manuscripts, whether from institutions or individuals, and whether the manuscripts are complete, well-preserved, or otherwise. The manuscripts cover various Islamic disciplines such as theology, jurisprudence, mysticism, biography, and others. Many challenges and constraints were encountered during this study. However, it is optimistic that the collection of Malay scholars' manuscripts in southern Thailand is still abundant and can be traced and digitized for the benefit of all.
Jesús Alberto Sánchez Valtierra
This exploratory study examines university students’ perceptions of OnlyFans, a subscription-based content platform that has gained significant visibility in recent years. A sample of 160 university students participated in a structured survey that assessed their familiarity with the platform, consumption habits, moral attitudes, and social proximity to content creators. The results indicate that 93% of respondents are familiar with OnlyFans, 30% have purchased content, 70% do not consider its use to be morally objectionable, and 50% personally know someone who creates content on the platform. These findings suggest a substantial normalization of OnlyFans within the university context, warranting further examination of generational shifts regarding digitalized sex work, content monetization, and evolving attitudes toward the consumption of adult content among higher education students.
Ofonime Moses Akpan (Ph.D), Oluwatosin Yewande Akinbode (Ph.D)
Capital flows Dynamics, Financial sector stability and their impact on Economic development in Nigeria was carried out using data from 1986 to 2022. This study attempted to find out the effect of the relationship between financial sector stability variables and capital flows on economic development in Nigeria. The ARDL Error Correction regression analysis was used to test the short run and long run relationship capital outflow and financial sector stability on economic development. The study found out that capital flow variables (NPI and NDI) negatively but significantly affect economic development while financial sector variables (CPS and NIM) exhibited a negative and insignificant relationship with economic development. The study concluded that the influence of capital flows is dependent upon a nation’s degree of financial development. A more open capital account has a detrimental impact on performance for nations with low levels of financial development. The study therefore recommends that the policy makers in Nigeria should strike a balance between attracting foreign investment and ensuring that it aligns with broader economic development goals and ensure that credit is directed towards productive sectors that contribute to economic development.
Kadonsi Kaziya, Saima N Nakale
Adolescent alcohol use has become an emerging psychosocial concern across Namibia, reflecting the interplay between cognitive vulnerabilities, emotional distress, and permissive socio-cultural environments. This study examined the psychological and emotional mechanisms driving alcohol consumption among secondary school learners, drawing on the integrated perspectives of social cognitive and ecological theories. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected from 250 adolescents in five schools across the Ohangwena Region, followed by qualitative interviews with 41 educational professionals. Statistical analysis revealed that low self-efficacy and high perceived stress were significant predictors of alcohol use, jointly explaining 35% of the variance in consumption frequency. Qualitative narratives illuminated that adolescents often consume alcohol to regulate stress, achieve social inclusion, and express emerging adult identities within communities where drinking is culturally normalized. Peer encouragement, family modelling, and easy accessibility to informal alcohol markets further reinforced these behaviors. The findings suggest that adolescent drinking in Namibian secondary schools is less a product of moral deviance and more a cognitive-emotional adaptation to psychosocial strain and social conformity. Interventions must therefore transcend awareness campaigns and emphasize emotional literacy, stress-coping skills, and resilience-building within school and community contexts. By unravelling the cognitive and affective drivers of youth alcohol use, this study contributes a contextually grounded understanding that can inform culturally responsive prevention frameworks for adolescent well-being in sub-Saharan Africa.
Hanissah Hamzah, Nik Nor Amalina Nik Mohd Sukrri, Nur Zafirah A Khadar, Rosita Husain, Wan Nurul Fatimah Wan Mohamad Nawi
Over the past three decades, especially since the recent financial crisis, the volume of academic research analysing banks' efficiency and productivity has grown substantially. The risk-taking behaviour of banks used to be of relatively low interest; however, in recent years, this interest has exploded, especially in regards to its correlation with monetary policy. Measuring credit risk has been and will continue to be a top priority in the banking industry, and the recent global economic crisis has had a direct impact on this process. In this research, the authors of a hidden Markov model-based earnings quality measurement propose and verify its usefulness. Earnings fidelity is a measure of how closely reported earnings correspond to the company's true financial health. The percentage represents the level of accuracy achieved. The impact of earnings management on financial institutions' bottom lines is the focus of this research paper. Within the framework of a Bayesian hierarchical model that allows for cross-sectional heterogeneity, we employ a Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure to estimate the variable in question. The forward earnings response coefficient is positively correlated with earnings fidelity, suggesting a positive relationship between the two.
Grace Kho Hui Xuan, Hanita Hanim Ismail, Melor Md Yunus
English pronunciation is a significant barrier for many Malaysian primary students, hindering their oral participation and causing persistent low confidence and speaking anxiety. AI-powered tools, such as ELSA Speak, offer personalised, real-time feedback that could address these limitations; however, relevant research among young Malaysian learners is scarce. This mixed-methods study investigated the effectiveness of ELSA Speak among 62 upper primary students (Year 5 and Year 6) in an SJKC school over four weeks. A questionnaire measured students’ perceptions, confidence, motivation and speaking anxiety, while interviews with eight pupils provided deeper insights. Quantitative analysis indicated generally positive perceptions and significant improvements in students' reported pronunciation clarity, higher motivation, increased confidence and reduced anxiety. Qualitative findings supported these outcomes, revealing that gamified features, colour-coded feedback and private practice encouraged greater engagement and readiness to speak. Challenges identified included speech-recognition inaccuracies, occasional technical issues and difficulty understanding linguistic terminology. Overall, ELSA Speak demonstrates strong potential as a supplementary pronunciation tool, though improvements in accuracy and child-friendly feedback are needed.
Nur Nabilah Binti Mohamad Khairon, Ruzy Haryati Binti Hambali
This study reports the usability and performance evaluation of a mobile, detachable counterbalance arm sling (CBAS) designed to support upper-limb rehabilitation for people with hemiparesis. The device targets key clinical goals of shoulder stabilization, range-of-motion (ROM) support, and reduced therapist burden while remaining low-cost and locally manufacturable. A structured evaluation at a rehabilitation center engaged physiotherapists and a stroke survivor, using a three-part instrument including product rating, performance scale, and recommendation or comments. Respondents rated the CBAS from good to very good across eight usability criteria contains the ease of use, comfort, style, lightweight, functionality, ROM improvement, safety, ergonomics. 25% of the respondents rated performance superior and the remainder acceptable, with 100% recommending continued use. Findings align with contemporary evidence that weight-supporting/mobile arm support can foster arm activity and functional training in hemiparesis, and that usability-first design is crucial for adoption and adherence in real-world rehab. The CBAS demonstrates clinical promise and a path to scalable local production.
Joshua Gitonga M'imaita, Prof. George Ochieng Otieno, Prof. John Paul Oyore
Strengthening the use of routine health information is an essential element of effective health system governance in Kenya. Although the country has invested substantially in digital reporting platforms such as District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2), the integration of Routine Health Data into managerial planning and monitoring activities remains inconsistent across counties. County Health Management Teams (CHMTs) often meet reporting obligations but do not always translate the available information into evidence informed programme adjustments or performance review processes. This study examined the extent to which CHMTs use routine data in their decision making and assessed whether a structured capacity building programme could strengthen data use practices at the subnational level. A quasi-experimental approach supported by a Difference in Differences model was applied. Twelve counties were selected from the national regional economic blocs, with two chosen from each and allocated to either the intervention or control arm. Baseline data were collected from two hundred CHMT members in August 2024, followed by a nine-month intervention that involved targeted training sessions and continuous technical support. Endline data collection took place in April 2025. A key limitation of the study was the reliance on self-reported measures which may have been influenced by social desirability tendencies. The analysis produced a statistically significant treatment effect with a coefficient of 0.4593 and a p value of 0.0046. CHMTs in the intervention counties demonstrated notable improvements in incorporating routine data into programme monitoring policy development and adjustment of ongoing interventions. These shifts were not observed in the control counties. Further, subgroup analyses showed no statistically significant differences across gender, education level, age, or duration of CHMT membership. The findings indicate that structured capacity building initiatives can meaningfully strengthen routine data use among CHMTs. Sustaining these gains will require continued investment in analytical competencies and the institutionalization of routine evidence review processes within the devolved health sector.
Mastura Muhammad Taha, Muhammed Nafis Osman Zahid, Nurin Aishah Mazalan, Syahibudil Ikhwan Abdul Kudus, Yudhi Ariadi
Product personalisation has gained growing attention as consumers increasingly seek products that reflect personal preferences, identity, and functional needs. Additive manufacturing (AM) supports such customisation through flexible, low-volume production, yet limited empirical evidence exists on how end users evaluate the value of personalised products. This study investigates end users’ perceived value of product personalisation by examining willingness to pay, purchase intention, and evaluations of six value components: functional, personal-expressive, aesthetic, unique, hedonic, and co-design value. An online questionnaire captured respondents’ assessments of personalised features, and descriptive analysis summarised value perceptions and behavioural responses. Findings indicate that functional value is the strongest driver of perceived benefit, with respondents showing clear willingness to pay when personalisation improves utility or performance. Aesthetic and personal-expressive attributes generated interest but resulted in lower willingness to pay unless supported by functional advantages. Hedonic and co-design value were positively acknowledged, suggesting that enjoyment, creativity, and guided involvement enhance emotional engagement during the personalisation process. Unique value increased perceived distinctiveness but demonstrated limited economic influence. Perceived value in personalised products is multidimensional but anchored primarily in functional and experiential benefits. These insights offer guidance for designers and AM practitioners by identifying value components that should inform the development of future AM-enabled personalisation tools that support meaningful and user-centred design engagement.
Darife S. Bahoy, Ranelene May N. Binarao
In an age where student motivation in mathematics continues to decline, gamified learning emerges as a dynamic strategy to turn struggling learners into engaged problem-solvers. This study determined the effectiveness of gamified learning strategies in improving the mathematical problem-solving performance and engagement of first-year students who enrolled in mathematics-related subjects in the College of Education in one of the private institutions in Ozamiz City, Philippines, during the School Year 2024–2025. A one-group pretest-posttest design was used, involving 28 students who participated in eight instructional sessions using gamified elements such as points, leaderboards, and interactive tasks. Data were gathered using a researcher-made Gamified Problem-Solving Performance Test and a Student Engagement and Motivation Questionnaire. Findings revealed that students initially demonstrated very poor performance and low levels of engagement and motivation. After the intervention, significant improvements were observed in both problem-solving skills and learner engagement. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest results in terms of mathematical performance as well as engagement and motivation. These results affirm that gamified learning is an effective instructional strategy for enhancing students’ academic outcomes and motivational levels in mathematics. Integrating such strategies into classroom instruction is therefore recommended to foster more active, enjoyable, and effective learning experiences.
Bernaflor B. Canape, Heins Dannyl S. Eguia, John Alijandro Balaga., Kenth Aljay Majorenos, Princess Joy D. Gio
Emergency personnel play a crucial and frequently heroic role during these tumultuous and perhaps fatal situations. Their ability to act swiftly can make the difference between survival and tragedy for the affected communities. This study investigated the experiences of rescuers using makeshift emergency tools in disasters and how they respond, innovate, and adjust under extreme and high-stakes situations. Using a qualitative phenomenological research design, the study involved five active rescuers was selected through purposive sampling and employed semi-structured interviews analyzed through Moustakas thematic approach. Findings revealed 8 major themes: (1) community involvement matters, (2) resourcefulness and improvisation under pressure, (3) limitation and risk of improvised equipment, (4) delayed operations, (5) psychological stress and uncertainty, (6) training and skills development, (8) teamwork and coordination, and (8) need for local government support. The study concludes that an efficient emergency response depends not only on equipment and policies but also on rescuers’ ingenuity, commitment, and flexibility when they operate under duress. It is recommended that local government units should enhance rescue operations by improving support, training, and collaboration with communities and partner organizations for better disaster preparedness.
Abdul Jalil Bin Omar, Mohd Farid Bin Sa’ad, Mohd Hasrol Haffiz Bin Aliasak, Muhammad Fitry Bin Md. Wadzir, Najma Binti Azman
This paper discussed on the concept of real estate development by using reclamation land approach on the seabed and ex-mining pond which were choose by the real estate developers especially in the strategic area and having the demands on such type of development. In this paper also, the writers explained the main components and basic characteristics on reclaimed land development especially along coastal areas in Malaysia such as in Langkawi Island, Penang, District of Manjung in Perak, Melaka, Southern Johor and Sabah. According to the National Land Code 1965, area covered by waters also a part of land interpretation as given the code. Therefore, in whatever condition, the area or land covered by waters also have the value that could be determined by the interested parties or the valuers can give their opinion about the market value of such land by using appropriate valuation approach and method.
Francis Simui, Joe Likando, Kelvin Kashindi
The constituency development fund is a widely adopted decentralized fund by most governments to improve the living standards of local communities. However, its implementation continues to be plagued by challenges such as underutilization, bureaucratic delays in project approvals and fund disbursement. Hence, the study aims at exploring the current constituency development fund process (CDF) from an operational mechanism point of view. In order to appreciate the challenges inherent in the process, and pave way for process improvement, the study employs lean methodology by use of value stream and process mapping to analyze process design and discover critical points of waste in the process workflow, personal interviews were utilised to appreciate lived experiences of the process operators and Literature review to benchmark with best practices particularly the international standardization organization (ISO) process symbols. The study design is exploratory sequential design. Key Findings indicate that the current CDF process is modelled as a basic linear flowchart, which operationally functions as a Value Stream Map (VSM), it has redundant process steps (too many steps of a similar kind e.g., approval steps) thereby resulting in a lot of handoffs, which increases the chances of process delay, most process steps lack cycle time, which compromises process lead time and data entry is mostly done manually resulting in missing data between handoffs. Recommendation(s): The Government should adopt the appropriate Process Map (VSM) with basic ISO compliant symbols in order to enhance its capability and make it adaptable to conventional software in case of automation, Similar process steps especially approval ones should be merged to reduce on process handoffs and lead time. Conclusion: The goal of value stream mapping analysis on process capability of the CDF process was to explore qualitative factors as a baseline of later process capability computation.
Francis Simui, Joe Likando, Kelvin Kashindi
The constituency development fund is a widely adopted decentralized fund by most governments to improve the living standards of local communities. However, its implementation continues to be plagued by challenges such as underutilization, bureaucratic delays in project approvals and fund disbursement. Hence, the study aims at exploring the current constituency development fund process (CDF) from an operational mechanism point of view. In order to appreciate the challenges inherent in the process, and pave way for process improvement, the study employs lean methodology by use of value stream and process mapping to analyze process design and discover critical points of waste in the process workflow, personal interviews were utilised to appreciate lived experiences of the process operators and Literature review to benchmark with best practices particularly the international standardization organization (ISO) process symbols. The study design is exploratory sequential design. Key Findings indicate that the current CDF process is modelled as a basic linear flowchart, which operationally functions as a Value Stream Map (VSM), it has redundant process steps (too many steps of a similar kind e.g., approval steps) thereby resulting in a lot of handoffs, which increases the chances of process delay, most process steps lack cycle time, which compromises process lead time and data entry is mostly done manually resulting in missing data between handoffs. Recommendation(s): The Government should adopt the appropriate Process Map (VSM) with basic ISO compliant symbols in order to enhance its capability and make it adaptable to conventional software in case of automation, Similar process steps especially approval ones should be merged to reduce on process handoffs and lead time. Conclusion: The goal of value stream mapping analysis on process capability of the CDF process was to explore qualitative factors as a baseline of later process capability computation.
Lukman Z.M, Normah Awang Noh
Volunteerism is defined as an activity carried out voluntarily, without expecting material rewards, and which brings benefits to both the volunteer and the individuals receiving assistance. Modernization and globalization have reshaped the landscape of volunteerism, making it an increasingly significant component of community and national development agendas. However, the issue of declining participation and inactivity among youth in volunteer activities has become a major challenge for volunteer organizations. This is because volunteers are the backbone that drives the operations and activities of the voluntary sector. Therefore, this issue must be addressed, particularly by volunteer organizations, to ensure that the human resources needed to sustain volunteer initiatives remain available and ready to serve. Accordingly, this study aims to examine management practices and their relationship to volunteer retention in volunteering activities. This research adopts a quantitative approach involving 300 youths who have participated in volunteer activities across the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang). A survey method using structured questionnaires was administered to respondents selected through simple random sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. The findings revealed that volunteer organizations demonstrate effective leadership and strong program planning in sustaining volunteers. However, the training and development component showed comparatively lower mean values. This indicates that volunteer organizations place less emphasis on volunteer training and development. The results are expected to serve as an important indicator for volunteer organizations in developing effective management process to retain volunteers over the long term.
Hassan, Azizul, Zaki, Muhammad Zulhusni Mohd
Waqf and ibtida are essential disciplines in Quranic recitation that function as key elements in preserving the accuracy of meaning and the integrity of interpretation. They determine the proper places to pause and begin during recitation, ensuring that the message of the Quran is conveyed in accordance with its intended context. However, in modern contexts, several challenges have emerged, including a lack of standardization in teaching methods, limited awareness among students and reciters, and the need for contemporary applications that address new pedagogical and technological settings. Therefore, this article aims to discuss issues related to waqf and ibtida in Quranic recitation and to propose guiding principles that can strengthen their practice in modern contexts. This qualitative study employs documentation and analytical methods to examine both classical scholarship and contemporary perspectives. The findings of this study highlight the importance of systematic guidelines that can be applied in educational institutions, Quranic learning circles, and digital platforms to ensure that waqf and ibtida continue to serve their purpose as tools for correct understanding and spiritual engagement with the Quran. It is hoped that this study can contribute as a reference for scholars, educators, and institutions in developing frameworks for the effective teaching and application of waqf and ibtida in the contemporary era.
Abdullah A. Afifi, Khairul Anuar Mohd Ali, Ummu Ajirah Abd Rauf
Waqf has historically played a vital role in advancing civilization, particularly within the Muslim world, yet its potential remains underexplored in contemporary business and social enterprise contexts. This study aims to investigate how waqf can be understood within business model frameworks and to provide a systematic mapping of its constructs in relation to social business. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, the research identified and analyzed relevant studies on waqf and social business published between 1900 and 2024 in the Scopus and Crossref databases. The review classified the literature into four key business themes: capabilities, strategies, operations, and performance. The findings reveal that while waqf principles align closely with the objectives of social business, they are often marginalized or treated as peripheral to mainstream business model research. Furthermore, the study highlights the emerging trends, practices, and sectoral applications of waqf, demonstrating its relevance to sustainable development, inclusive finance, and community welfare. The conclusion suggests that positioning waqf within business model frameworks not only bridges the gap between traditional Islamic philanthropy and modern enterprise practices but also provides a structured pathway for integrating ethical and value-driven constructs into social business. The academic contribution of this paper lies in offering the first comprehensive mapping of waqf constructs within business model dimensions, thereby enriching both Islamic economics and social business literature and providing a foundation for future empirical and conceptual research.
Ahmed Ben Hammouda, Nadia Sfar
This study aims to leverage consumers' positive moods to optimize the effectiveness of advertising campaigns. It seeks to determine how empathy can be used in advertising as a tool for emotional regulation, helping to establish a deeper and more lasting connection with consumers. An online experiment was conducted for the empirical study of the issue. The hypotheses were tested using structural modeling (via AMOS software) on a sample of 240 participants, and the sampling method adopted was convenience sampling. The results show that the perception of advertising that is congruent with the consumer's positive mood as empathetic stimulates the anthropomorphism of the advertised brand. Furthermore, this anthropomorphism of the advertised brand improves the quality of the consumer's relationship with that brand. However, the positive mood induced in consumers does not seem to stimulate their need for social affiliation or their perception of advertising that is congruent with their mood as empathetic, and the need for social affiliation, in turn, does not tend to stimulate brand anthropomorphism. This research is part of the current trend toward humanizing the customer-brand relationship through AI and paves the way for hyper-personalized and emotionally intelligent advertising. By measuring parameters such as facial expressions, heart rate variations, and vocal tones, integrated technologies (smartphone cameras, connected watches, etc.) make it possible to tailor advertising content to match the user's positive mood. This research goes beyond traditional segmentation criteria (age, gender, marital status) to rely on precise emotional data, enabling highly personalized advertising campaigns. This research reverses the dominant perspective in the literature on empathy in advertising. It shifts the focus away from consumers' empathetic responses to advertising and treats advertising itself as a non-interpersonal empathetic agent, capable of projecting itself onto the consumer to share and maintain their pleasant emotional state. This tends to influence the quality of the consumer-brand relationship.
Ahmadi Litas, Anointing Martin, Nse Etim Akpan
This paper interrogates Frantz Fanon’s insights into the role of women in the Algerian revolution and their empowerment through participation in the struggle for Algerian independence. It discusses Fanon’s views on how women’s involvement in the revolution challenged traditional roles and expectations, leading to a shift in their social and political status while arguing further that Fanon’s ideas on women’s agency and empowerment in Africa were rooted in his broader philosophy of decolonization and liberation which believed that reclaiming cultural identity is crucial for liberation. Furthermore, it was Fanon’s view that women, like men, must reconnect with cultural heritage to challenge colonial narratives and their humanity as a means of fostering a sense of pride and belonging that is essential for building resilience against oppression. Qualitatively driven with reliance on the secondary sources of data, this paper attempts to answer the following questions: How does Fanon’s work portray the experiences of Algerian women in the context of both colonialism and post-colonial struggles? What insights does his thoughts offer into the complex relationships between race, gender and power in colonial and post-colonial settings and how can Fanon’s ideas be applied to contemporary debates on women, decolonization and social justice in Africa as building blocks for nation building in the continent? While addressing these questions, the paper concludes that by embracing their cultural heritage and identity African women can break the cycle of marginalization and as well challenge colonial and patriarchal narratives associated with the African society.
Ariyanti Mustapha, Mohamed Farid Ali al-Fijawi, Sueraya Che Haron, Zuraidah Kamaruddin
This study examines the economic roles of women in Islam by analysing religious principles, historical accounts, and ethical guidelines that shape women’s contribution to economic life. Employing a qualitative approach, this study aims to analyse women’s economic roles from an Islamic perspective and to understand how Islamic teachings establish a framework for women’s participation in economic activities while upholding religious values. The findings demonstrate that Islamic teachings provide a balanced and comprehensive framework that recognises women’s capacity to contribute to economic development while preserving ethical and social order. Women’s economic roles in Islam are supported by both religious principles and historical precedent, reflecting a holistic worldview that integrates economic activities with moral and spiritual values. The study also reveals that women possess the right to pursue various economic activities according to their natural disposition, circumstances, capabilities, and interests, as long as these activities conform to Islamic guidelines. Furthermore, Islam offers a comprehensive set of ethical principles through Shariah to regulate human behaviour, including conduct within the economic domain. Overall, the study highlights that Islam affirms women’s roles within economic life in a manner that upholds dignity, ethical responsibility, and social stability, demonstrating the religion’s cohesive and principled approach to women’s contributions within society.
Dr Wong Huey Siew
Workplace conflict among university lecturers is a growing concern that affects both individual well-being and institutional performance. Conflicts often emerge from interpersonal disagreements, unequal workload distribution, competition for scarce academic resources, and differing expectations between lecturers and university management. These challenges can undermine lecturers’ job satisfaction, increase psychological strain, and hinder effective collaboration. This conceptual paper aims to analyse the effects of workplace conflict on lecturers’ psychological well-being and professional performance. Guided by two research questions, the study synthesises findings from empirical and conceptual literature published over the past two decades. By focusing on university lecturers, this paper addresses a critical gap in the literature concerning the specific challenges faced by academic staff. The review highlights that unresolved conflicts contribute to stress, burnout, emotional exhaustion, social withdrawal, and reduced motivation. Professionally, conflicts diminish teaching quality, weaken research productivity, impair teamwork, and restrict career progression. The paper underscores the importance of conflict-management strategies tailored to academic environments, including transparent workload policies, supportive leadership practices, counselling services, and structured communication channels. Findings contribute to a deeper understanding of workplace conflict in higher education and offer insights for improving lecturer well-being and institutional effectiveness.
Apalla, Kristal Jean B., Dacanay, Kyle Luis S., Damgo, Dennesse Kimberly R., Dominguez, Mae V., Dorig, Jesila T., Maglasang, Princes M., Moleño, Klent Marlo V., Nanol, Timothy Paul I., Ponce, Miguel L., Sebial, Reshel Ann L.
The research investigates the influence of personal, socio-economic, and behavioral factors on youth involvement in social responsibility within the Rotaract Clubs of Zone 2 Rotary International District 3870 in Iligan City, Philippines. Recognizing the vital role youths play in societal progress, especially through organizations like Rotaract that empower young people by developing leadership and community service skills, the study employs a descriptive-correlational design. Data were collected via a structured, pilot-tested questionnaire administered to 24 active Rotaract members. Findings reveal demographic profiles, participation frequency, motivation, and challenges faced by members, highlighting significant effects of socio-economic constraints and behavioral factors such as leadership confidence and peer influence on social responsibility engagement. The study underscores Rotaract's role in fostering youth civic responsibility and suggests strategies to enhance youth participation despite socio-economic barriers. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how multifaceted factors shape youth commitment to social service in Philippine community organizations.
Rebeka Sultana Chowdhury
This study investigates the factors influencing entrepreneurial intention among Bangladeshi university students. A descriptive quantitative research design was used, and primary data were obtained by using a self-structured questionnaire administered to 100 students from various disciplines. Twenty-eight items were measured in a five-point Likert scale for this instrument, and the dimensions included six factors that are entrepreneurial awareness and knowledge, entrepreneurial attitude and interest, motivational factors, barriers to entrepreneurship, opportunities, support and environment, and entrepreneurial intention. Reliability analysis indicated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.785). The findings reveal that students have a moderate level of entrepreneurial awareness and knowledge, whereas they showed strong positive attitudes toward entrepreneurship, high motivation (particularly a desire for independence and financial autonomy), and relatively high entrepreneurial intention and confidence. At the same time, they also remark substantial barriers, especially financial constraints, fear of failure, lack of practical knowledge, and bureaucratic problems, together with weak institutional and policy support in terms of university education, government programs, mentorship, and investor access. Overall, the results indicate that students are psychologically prepared and motivated to engage in entrepreneurship, but the surrounding entrepreneurial ecosystem remains underdeveloped. The study highlights the need for more practice-oriented entrepreneurship education, improved access to finance, and stronger university–government–industry collaboration to be able to make the most out of the entrepreneurial potential of young Bangladeshis.