Molecular Detection of Virulence Genes in Salmonella Spp Isolated From Ready to Eat Fruits Salad Sold In Plateau and Kogi North Central, Nigeria

Abstract

Salmonella species are known to be public health trial in Nigeria. Salmonella species contaminations in ready-to-eat fruit salads are becoming progressively popular. This study aimed at molecular detection of virulence genes in salmonella sp isolated from ready to eat fruits salad in some selected state in North Central, Nigeria. A total of 300 ready-to-eat fruit-salads samples were randomly collected from major Markets in Plateau and Kogi. Isolation and identification of salmonella sp were carried out using standard microbiology methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute method. Virulence genes detection was carried out using polymerase chain reaction boiling technique. Out of 300 ready-to-eat fruit-salads collected, the overall occurrence of salmonella spp 12 (4.0%) and the highest occurrence was recorded from Plateau state (8.0%), and Kogi state (4.0%). The antibiotics resistance of Salmonella sp isolated from ready to eat fruit salads sold in Plateau state showed that Salmonella sp were highly resistance to cefexime (50.0 %)but less resistance to gentamicin and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (12.5 %). From Kogi the order of percentage resistance of Salmonella species to the antibiotics tested were, nalidixic acid (75.0 %) and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (25.0 %). The commonest MAR in Salmonella sp isolated from Plateau was 0.4 with percentage of occurrence of 37.5 %. The commonest MAR in Salmonella species isolated from Kogi was 0.3 with percentage of occurrence of 50.0 %. The order of virulence genes detected were, spiA genes (33.3 %). From Salmonella species isolated from Plateau harbors spiA (66.6 %). From Salmonella species isolated from Kogi harbors spiA (33.3 %). In this study it was observed that the ready to eat fruit-salads sold in major cities in North Central Nigeria were contaminated with Salmonella and is resistance to commonly use antibiotic in treatment of infection cause by these Salmonella.