134 Articles
Dr.Shreevamshi Naveen, Mr. Abhish Adappa
Overview of Recruitment and Selection in HRM Recruitment and selection are core functions of Human Resource Management (HRM) that focus on attracting, identifying, and hiring the most suitable candidates for job roles within an organization. Recruitment involves creating a pool of qualified applicants, while selection refers to choosing the best candidate from that pool. Traditionally, these processes relied heavily on manual methods such as reviewing resumes, conducting face-to-face interviews, and making decisions based on human judgment. However, with increasing competition, globalization, and the need for skilled talent, organizations are under pressure to make faster and more accurate hiring decisions. Inefficient recruitment processes can lead to poor hiring choices, increased costs, and reduced organizational performance. Therefore, modern organizations are increasingly adopting technology-driven approaches to improve hiring efficiency and effectiveness.
Bolatkyzy Ayazhan, Sayed Naeem Quraishi, Sayed Rafiullah Hashemi
In Afghanistan, industrial waste has significantly increased due to industrial development, posing a threat to the health and welfare of the people, soil and water resources while degrading ecosystems. Where regulation and infrastructure are loose and substandard, green technologies, such as advanced recycling facilities, cleaner production processes, energy recovery systems and effective pollution abatement techniques, can help to minimize environmental damage and encourage a circular economy approach. This study builds a new theory and empirically tests an integrated framework of the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) theory and sustainability transition theory. The study combines survey data of 153 stakeholders in the industry and semi-structured interviews with managers, policy makers, and environmental experts. The results of the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) show that environmental awareness is the strongest predictor of green technology adoption intention (β = 0.357, p < 0.001). In addition, economic feasibility (β = 0.243, p = 0.007) and institutional support (β = 0.220, p = 0.006) have a significant positive direct effect, while technological readiness has a non-significant direct effect (β = 0.053, p = 0.504). Qualitative analysis suggests that the finding is not significant due to misalignment between technologies available and operational realities, skill gaps in several sectors, and chronic infrastructure gaps. The model could account for 54.3% of the variance in the adoption intention (R² = 0.543) and had good predictive power (Q² = 0.503). This indicates that in low resource settings, particularly post-conflict, managerial awareness and institutional enablers are more important than the technical availability. The framework not only strengthens knowledge and understanding of technology adoption and sustainability transitions, but also helps to guide policy makers, industry actors, and international organizations in working toward better industrial waste management in an Afghanistan and other developing contexts.
Chang Hui Yin, Fuziah Ismail, Liew Kar Leong, Muhammad Syamil Bin Mt Yusoff, Nor Maizatul Adilah Binti Mohamad, Norhazren Izatie Mohd, Nur Atirah Shafikah Binti Mohd Asri
Inefficient management of construction material deliveries remained a significant operational issue due to continued reliance on manual, paper-based processes, leading to poor traceability, data inaccuracies, and delayed decisionmaking. Although digital technologies for logistics management were widely available, a practical, integrated delivery order system tailored to on-site construction workflows remained underutilized, creating a gap between technological capability and actual practice. To address this gap, this study adopted a system development approach to design and develop a Digital Delivery and Inventory Management System (DDIMS) that supports real-time tracking, automated data capture, and centralized information management. The system was developed based on an analysis of existing delivery workflows involving site supervisors, procurement staff, suppliers, and delivery personnel, and its effectiveness was evaluated through functional testing and process comparison with the current manual system. The results demonstrated improved delivery visibility, reduced human error, and faster material verification. The main contribution of this study was the development of a practical digital delivery order system that enhances efficiency, transparency, and coordination in construction material management.
Ali Amna Ahmad Hassan, Mohd Ridwan Bin Abd Razak
Human capital development plays a crucial role in enhancing employee performance, while job satisfaction serves as a key mediator in motivating employees to achieve high levels of workplace productivity. Despite its importance, the effect of human capital development within UAE private banks has not been thoroughly investigated. Thus, the aim of this paper is a framework that links the effect of human capital development on employee performance in the UAE banking sector, as well as the mediating effect of job satisfaction on this relationship. A review of the literature is conducted to understand these relationships and propose a framework to correlate them within HSBC Bank, Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, and Emirates Islamic Bank. Quantitative methodology was applied to test the hypothesized relationships and validate the proposed conceptual framework. A questionnaire was administered to collect data from a sample of employees in the selected banks. Simple random sampling technique was applied in the survey procedure. SPSS and AMOS software were utilized to conduct data analysis in this study. The results showed that human capital development has a significant effect on employee performance. In addition, the results reveal that job satisfaction partially mediates this relationship. The outcome of this paper contributes to the theory of self-determination theory and provides novel evidence on the substantial role of human capital development in fostering workforce performance, especially with the interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction factors. It is recommended based on the results that human capital development practices should be actively promoted in UAE private banks, as it has a direct and positive impact on employee performance. Leadership and HR development programs should focus on enhancing training, mentoring, and performance appraisal while strengthening both intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction. The implications of this research are the validated framework provides bank managers and policymakers with a useful guide for improving workforce performance in the private banking sector.
Dyessa L. Mancia, Noime B. Fernandez, Venusmar C. Quevedo
Managing last-mile delivery presents significant challenges when customer locations are widely dispersed, route demand fluctuates across dispatch days, and planning relies on historical route groupings. This study introduces a hybrid, data-driven decision-support framework designed to enhance last-mile delivery planning for an electrical products company. The baseline system was evaluated using 2025 delivery records and operational indicators, including distance per trip, cost per drop, backload rate, loaded volume, drops per trip, trip duration, and truck utilization. Pareto analysis identified recurring backload categories that impeded delivery completion. The proposed framework integrates K-Means clustering with the Clarke-Wright Savings Algorithm. K-Means assigned 1,573 customer delivery points to five geographically coherent service clusters based on coordinate proximity. Within each cluster, the Clarke-Wright algorithm established preliminary route groups by prioritizing customer pairings with greater distance savings. Route outputs were validated against operational constraints, such as a 4-CBM capacity threshold, route continuity, loop prevention, a practical stop-count range of 17 to 22 drops, and flexible merging rules for low-density groups. The framework produced 79 preliminary route groups, all of which satisfied the 4-CBM capacity constraint, while 69 groups (87.34%) met the practical stop-count range. Simulation-based comparisons demonstrated distance reductions ranging from 37.77% to 77.59% across comparable clusters. A controlled-cost simulation for 4W deliveries indicated that the optimized route structure could reduce estimated distance-related fuel costs and decrease the cost per drop from PHP 132.45 to PHP 114.03 under constant-cost assumptions. These findings support the framework as a practical reference for route planning, pending pilot validation using road-network distance, traffic conditions, unloading time, customer receiving conditions, and actual dispatch records.
M Aliuddin, M Saiful, N Amalina, R Saili, S Syahrizan, Z Farahida
Background: Safety and health issues in palm oil mill workers in Malaysia continue to generate operational and management challenges for the industry. One of the primary factors triggering these issues is that workers do not consistently wear the correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during their job. Objective: This pilot study investigates the level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of palm oil mill workers toward usage of PPE, identifies the relationship between these three constructs and PPE usage, and explores the relative contribution of each construct to PPE usage in the workplace. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot survey was conducted at a single palm oil mill in Kuala Gula, Perak, Malaysia. Data were collected from 30 mill workers — representing the entire workforce of the selected mill — using a structured bilingual (Malay–English) questionnaire distributed manually. The questionnaire was divided into five sections covering demographics and four constructs (knowledge, attitude, practice, and PPE usage), each measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22, comprising reliability test, descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression and exploratory factor analysis. Results: Reliability analysis produced a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.865, indicating very good internal consistency. All three independent variables showed positive correlations with PPE usage. The regression model explained 34.3% of the variance in PPE usage (R² = 0.343, Adjusted R² = 0.267). In the standardised coefficients, attitude had the largest point estimate (β = 0.302), followed by knowledge (β = 0.248) and practice (β = 0.148); however, individual t-tests did not reach statistical significance (all p > 0.05), which is consistent with the limited statistical power expected at this sample size. The KMO value of 0.725 confirmed the adequacy of the data for factor analysis. Conclusion: As a single-mill pilot, this study provides preliminary evidence that workers’ attitude and knowledge are positively associated with PPE usage. Findings should be interpreted with caution given the small sample size and exploratory design. The results provide a useful basis for designing a larger multi-mill confirmatory study, and offer initial guidance for mill management considering integrated behavioural and educational interventions to improve PPE compliance.
Dr. Neetu Jain
The rapid evolution of global commerce demands ethical decision-making, strategic clarity, and sustainable organizational behaviour. Ancient Indian philosophical texts, particularly the Bhagavad Gita, offer timeless insights into leadership, duty, conflict resolution, and self-management. This research explores the integration of Bhagavad Gita principles with modern business strategy to develop a framework for ethical and effective corporate decision-making. Through conceptual analysis and interpretive methodology, the study delineates key strategies such as Dharma-centric leadership, detachment in decision-making, and equanimity under pressure, illustrating their applicability within contemporary strategic management paradigms. The paper concludes that the philosophical underpinnings of the Gita can strengthen organizational culture, enhance stakeholder trust, and improve long-term sustainable performance.
Aivan F. Pecasales, Algien A. Parker, Cris U. Urcinado, Elbert R. Vido, Jhon Ruzkin G. Maturan, July Therese B. Ilogon, Marinel E. Josol, Mariver B. Semblante, May B. Mutya, Roey C. Sumaoy
Academic stress is a growing concern among senior high school students, influencing their mental health, coping behaviors, and academic performance. This study examined the levels of academic stressors, coping appraisal and resources, and coping strategies among senior high school students in Surigao del Sur, Philippines, and explored their relationship with self-perceived academic performance. Using a descriptive quantitative survey design, data were collected from 300 students enrolled in public and private schools through a validated Likert-scale questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, including weighted means and standard deviations, were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that students often experienced academic stress, particularly due to heavy academic workloads, performance expectations, and examination pressure. Respondents showed a moderate level of coping appraisal and available resources, suggesting uncertainty in effectively managing academic demands. Additionally, emotion-focused coping strategies such as relaxation and distraction were more commonly used than problem-focused strategies like time management and help-seeking. The findings emphasize the need for targeted stress management programs and coping enhancement interventions in schools to strengthen students’ emotional resilience and academic adaptability. The study contributes to a broader understanding of how Filipino senior high school students respond to academic pressures and provides insights for educators and policymakers in promoting student well-being and performance.
Adeusi Amos Sunday
Agency theory is a widely recognized framework used to explain the relationship between principals (capital owners or shareholders) and agents (capital users or managers) in modern corporate entities. This study reviews the past and present perspectives of agency theory in auditing and examines how the theory explains the demand for independent and statutory auditing as a monitoring mechanism in corporate entities. The separation of ownership and control in modern companies often creates conflicts of interest because capital users may pursue personal goals that differ from those of capital users. These conflicts are commonly associated with information asymmetry, incomplete contracts, and differing risk preferences between principals and agents. As a result, auditing has emerged as a fundamental governance mechanism designed to enhance accountability, transparency, and reliability in financial reporting. The study adopts a conceptual research design based on an extensive review of secondary sources, including academic journals, professional publications, and relevant literature on agency theory and auditing. The literature review highlights the evolution of agency theory from its early foundations to its modern applications in auditing and corporate governance. Historically, auditing was influenced by the police theory of auditing, which emphasized fraud detection. However, as corporate entities became larger and more complex, auditing practices evolved to focus more on providing assurance on financial statements, strengthening internal controls, and supporting corporate governance structures. The findings reveal that agency theory provides a strong justification for the existence of auditing because it helps reduce agency costs, mitigate information asymmetry, and improve the credibility of financial information. Independent auditors play a crucial role in verifying financial statements and ensuring that management actions align with the interests of capital owners. The study also highlights criticisms of agency theory, including its emphasis on self-interest and its limited focus on capital owners while overlooking other stakeholders. Summarily, the review concludes that agency theory remains highly relevant in contemporary auditing and corporate governance. The study recommends strengthening governance mechanisms, promoting auditor independence, and encouraging future empirical research to explore the impact of technological developments and evolving governance systems on auditing practices.
Adeeko, J.D, Akanji, J.O, Dairo, I.K, Dauda, S.O, Fagbemide T.M, Gbenga-Julius, O, Oyekunle, O.B
Purpose: AI is reshaping the world of digital marketing and changing the way consumers are engaging with personalized content. This research examines the influence of AI marketing knowledge, algorithmic recommendations, trust in AI-mediated advertising, type of institution and entrepreneurial involvement on student consumers’ behaviours. Design/Methodology: Using a convergent mixed methods design, survey data on 327 students from six tertiary institutions in Southwest Nigeria was complemented with qualitative interviews. Findings: Results of quantitative analyses (ANOVA, regression, PROCESS Macro) and qualitative analysis grounded in TAM, TPB, Effectuation, and Opportunity Recognition indicate that AI awareness (β = 0.19, p < .001), recommendations (β = 0.22, p < .001), and trust (β = 0.24, p < .001) are significant predictors of purchase frequency, impulse buying, and platform engagement. Entrepreneurial students from both groups responded more strongly, with student entrepreneurs use algorithmic cues to prompt micro-venture possibilities. Practical Implications: The findings indicate that marketers and platform developers can leverage AI-powered persuasion with transparency to enhance consumer learning and youth-focused digital entrepreneurship in developing countries. Originality/Value: This paper conceptualizes the consumer–entrepreneur dual identity as a boundary modifier, rethinking AI-enabled marketing as a persuasion tool and informal market-learning system.
Bako Gideon David, Ibrahim Para, Richard Daivd
Implementing the International Financial Reporting Standard nine (IFRS 9) came into effect from the 1st of January 2018, which was mandated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), believing the financial crisis experience in the year 2008 was caused by the deficiency of International Accounting Standard (IAS 39), which was criticized for its backward looking and rule base. In line with this, the study seek to examine the impact of IFRS 9 on value relevance of accounting information. Data collected from the financial statement of eight (8) out of thirteen listed money deposit banks in Nigerian Stock Exchange for seven years (2018 to 2024) was analyzed. Ohlson (1995) price model was adapted, where the comparison of the Earnings per share (EPS) and Book value per share (BVPS) was analyzed using panel regression; also a post-IFRS 9 cross section yearly regression analysis was done to ascertain the level of increase or decrease of Earnings per share (EPS) and Book value per share (BVPS) in relationship to share price. The findings reveal that earnings per share is statistically insignificantly in explaining share price, suggesting a decline in its value relevance following IFRS 9 adoption. In contrast, book value per share exhibits a strong and statistically significant relationship with share price, indicating its continued importance in firm valuation. Further analysis shows that EPS was value relevant between 2018 and 2020 but lost relevance from 2021 to 2024, while BVPS remained consistently value relevant throughout the study period. The loss of value relevance of EPS may be due to increase in income volatility and estimation uncertainty under IFRS 9. It was recommended companies should reduce earnings volatility; adhere to best practices in revenue recognition and expenses matching, also they should focus on transparent and accurate asset and liability valuation to enhance investors’ confidence.
Victor Kangwa
In a rapidly globalizing corporate landscape, effectively managing workplace diversity is crucial for organizational competitiveness. This empirical study examines the influence of cultural diversity on organizational effectiveness within the Zambian financial sector, focusing on the Zambia National Commercial Bank (ZANACO) in the Kitwe district. Grounded in Social Identity Theory and the Information and Decision-Making Perspective, the research aimed to determine the relationship between cultural diversity management, employee interaction, and overall employee performance. A descriptive research design utilizing a quantitative methodology was employed. Data was collected through structured questionnaires distributed to a stratified random sample of employees across four ZANACO branches, achieving an 80% response rate with 80 valid responses from a target of 100. The research instrument demonstrated high internal reliability, yielding an overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.882. Thematic and descriptive analyses were supplemented by inferential statistics using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. According to the results, the majority of employees said that their encounters with people from different cultures had improved their communication skills, which they felt were good. There were a few subtle clues that communication and engagement are problems that require investigation. The findings showed that improved interaction and communication among staff members improves their comprehension of other stakeholders. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between strategic cultural diversity management and employee performance ($r = 0.714$, $p < 0.01$). Furthermore, improved cross-cultural interaction strongly correlated with enhanced workplace communication ($r = 0.680$, $p < 0.01$). The findings suggest that when management fosters cultural awareness and mitigates stereotyping, diversity acts as a strategic asset that enhances comprehension of stakeholder needs and daily functional responsibilities. The study recommends implementing formalized cultural diversity policies, restructuring work teams to maximize multicultural integration, and establishing regular social events to strengthen employee connections. While the findings are limited by organizational and geographic specificity, they provide critical empirical evidence that effectively managed cultural diversity directly drives organizational effectiveness in the Zambian banking sector.
Chai Jing Tian, Norhazren Izatie Mohd, Nur Ain Maisarah Binti Nizam, Nur Ain Raihana Binti Abdul Rahim, Siti Jamilah Binti Ibrahim, Tan Ke Enn
This study aimed to develop an integrated digital platform to improve the effectiveness of cost control in construction projects. Cost control is an important process in construction project management to ensure expenses remain within the budget. However, cost control using manual methods often leads to many problems, including issues with cost accuracy and delays in project finances. Therefore, there is a need for a digital system to resolve these problems. In this study, an integrated digital cost control platform that combines Autodesk Construction Cloud (ACC) and Power BI Analytics was proposed. ACC is responsible for storing and managing the collected project data, while Power BI helps to generate a dashboard and report to show the project performance. By combining these two tools, project teams can monitor cost data in real time and make better decisions. This study included the system's development and demonstrated its application. The results of this study showed that the new system can resolve problems caused by the manual method, such as reducing human error, improving the accuracy of cost data, and ensuring transparency in cost reporting. Based on the findings, this study highlights the importance of adopting the integrated digital cost control platform to improve cost control in construction projects.
Akuza Osalumese Benjamin, Ebojele Akhere Patrick, Shaibu AbdulHafeez Tunde
This study investigates the effect of Cultism and insecurity on social economic development in Edo North Senatorial District, Edo State. The research explores how various forms of cultism activities and insecurity vices such as armed robbery, kidnapping, and communal clashes affect business operations, employment, investment, and socio-economic development. The paper adopted a mixed method of data gathering and social conflict theory among other theories was relied on. The findings reveal a significant relationship between the causes of insecurity and disruptions to economic activities in the region. Insecurity was found to have a notable impact on business performance, job creation, and investor confidence. Furthermore, the study shows that government and community responses to the insecurity challenges are currently effective. The research concludes that these vices significantly hamper economic growth and development in Edo North, and by extension, in Nigeria. Recommendations are made to strengthen security architecture, improve community policing, and improve economic opportunities to reduce criminal activities.
Honey Grace Abasola
This study examines the job sustainability of Filipino accountants in the virtual workforce by analyzing their demographic and professional profiles, perceived opportunities and risks, coping mechanisms, and the relationships among these variables, with the aim of developing a structured sustainability plan. Using a quantitative descriptive–correlational design, data were collected from 30 Filipino accountants engaged in virtual accounting services in Naga City through a structured questionnaire utilizing a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize respondent characteristics and levels of perceived opportunities, risks, and coping mechanisms, while Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between demographic variables and coping strategies related to technostress, isolation, and workload. Findings indicate that the virtual accounting workforce is predominantly composed of young, early- to mid-career professionals who report high levels of perceived opportunities, particularly in professional networking, skills development, global market access, and entrepreneurial prospects. However, respondents also experience significant risks, including technostress, workload pressures, job insecurity, and professional isolation. Results further reveal that coping mechanisms vary across demographic groups, suggesting that individual and professional attributes influence how virtual accountants manage job demands. Based on these findings, a sustainability plan anchored in economic, social, and professional dimensions is proposed to enhance career resilience, digital adaptability, and long-term employability. The study concludes that while virtual accounting offers substantial opportunities, sustainable career development requires continuous upskilling, adaptive coping strategies, and supportive institutional frameworks, contributing localized evidence to the limited literature on virtual accounting in the Philippine context.
Herman Glen Marc J. Segovia, Jiji P. Berina, John Ramon A. Laserna, Ma. Salud P. Dioneo
This case study examines the organizational structure and effectiveness of the Library and Information Services of Carlos Hilado Memorial State University (CHMSU) at the Talisay Campus. In rapidly changing academic environments, libraries must adopt adaptive structures that support efficient service delivery and employee engagement. The study aimed to evaluate how the existing organizational design influences employee satisfaction, communication efficiency, supervisory support, and opportunities for professional growth. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining survey data based on the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) by Paul E. Spector, semi structured interviews, and document analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative responses were examined through thematic analysis. Findings indicate strong collegial relationships and positive supervisory support within the library system. However, concerns were identified in compensation and benefits, promotion opportunities, and certain organizational procedures that may hinder performance. Communication was generally perceived as effective, though some respondents suggested improvements in clarity and decision making transparency. The results suggest that while the current centralized decentralized hybrid structure aligns with institutional goals, targeted improvements in recognition systems, career development pathways, and compensation benchmarking are necessary to enhance overall organizational effectiveness. The study concludes that strategic adjustments in organizational design and human resource practices can strengthen employee satisfaction and institutional responsiveness. Recommendations are provided to support evidence based organizational development within university library systems.
Dr. Alemar De La Rosa Betito, Ms. Maria Lorna Rajeev
This study examined the relationship between artificial intelligence capability and organizational performance, with innovation capability as a mediating variable across the education and corporate sectors. Using a quantitative, non-experimental descriptive-correlational design, data were collected through an online survey from 400 respondents, consisting of 200 from the education sector and 200 from the corporate sector. The research instrument was subjected to expert validation and pilot testing prior to its actual administration. Data were analyzed using weighted mean, Pearson correlation, independent samples t-test, and mediation analysis. The findings revealed that artificial intelligence capability, innovation capability, and organizational performance were all rated high in both sectors, although the corporate sector consistently obtained higher mean scores than the education sector across all variables. Significant positive relationships were found between artificial intelligence capability and innovation capability (r = 0.67, p < .001), innovation capability and organizational performance (r = 0.70, p < .001), and artificial intelligence capability and organizational performance (r = 0.64, p < .001). Further analysis showed that innovation capability significantly mediated the relationship between artificial intelligence capability and organizational performance, indicating partial mediation. The study concludes that artificial intelligence capability is a significant organizational resource that enhances organizational performance both directly and indirectly through innovation capability, while sectoral context also influences the extent to which these capabilities are developed and translated into performance outcomes. The findings provide practical insights for organizations seeking to strengthen AI adoption, innovation practices, and performance improvement strategies.
Dr. Mohd Saipol bin Mohd Sukor, Dr. Nor Akmar Nordin, Wong Yang Li
The widespread integration of digital technologies into workplaces has highlighted the importance of understanding how employees, rather than just systems, are prepared for transformative digital processes. While the concepts of digital readiness and digital transformation (DT) have been widely studied at the organizational level, assessing how individual employees are ready to succeed in DT initiatives remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by proposing a practical conceptualization and framework of Employee Digital Transformation Readiness (EDTR). To achieve this, a systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA protocol, covering peer-reviewed studies from 2010 to 2024. Articles were sourced from Web of Science database, as well as in the most important publishers’ databases, resulting in the identification of 22 articles on “e-readiness”, 504 articles on “digital transformation”, and 178 articles on “digital transformation readiness”. The review revealed six key dimensions that shape EDTR namely digital literacy and skills, psychological readiness, behavioral intention, managerial and organizational support, resistance to change, and employee innovativeness. These findings reflect the multidimensional nature of employee readiness and the interplay between personal capabilities and contextual enablers. Based on these insights, the review proposes a comprehensive framework to assess and enhance employee readiness for digital transformation. Additionally, the study offers recommendations for theory development and organizational practices aimed at fostering digital resilience and employee-driven transformation. Although limited by its scope and selection criteria, this review lays the foundation for further empirical validation and broader exploration of how employees contribute to successful DT outcomes in practice.
Floresito D. Calub, Glenn Michael H. Pelandas
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in promoting economic growth, employment generation, and sustainable development through their contributions to local communities and economies. This study examined the profile of SMEs and assessed their contributions to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Tandag City and Bislig City, Surigao del Sur. A quantitative research approach utilizing a descriptive-survey design was employed. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to SME owners and managers. Using purposive sampling, a total of 190 respondents were selected from the population of registered SMEs in the study area. The findings revealed that the majority of SMEs were micro enterprises, primarily operating in the food and beverage sector, had been in operation for three to five years, and were predominantly organized as sole proprietorships. The overall extent of SME contribution to the SDGs was assessed as moderately contributed, indicating that SMEs actively support sustainable development through their business operations, although opportunities for improvement remain. Among the indicators, outcome tracking obtained the highest mean, while scale limitations recorded the lowest mean, suggesting that resource constraints continue to affect the expansion of sustainability initiatives. Furthermore, the results showed no significant differences in the extent of SME contributions to the SDGs when grouped according to size, sector, years of operation, and ownership structure. The study concludes that SMEs serve as important contributors to sustainable development regardless of their organizational profile. It is recommended that government agencies, local government units, and business support organizations strengthen capacity-building programs, provide greater access to financial and technological resources, and promote sustainability awareness to enhance SME participation in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
Grace Idowu Oyalabu, Julius Olaniyi Adeoye
Globally viewed, the idea of single parenthood has become a new trend in raising children. In Nigeria, most especially in the South-West, before now the issue of single parenthood was more or less an aberration, but it has presently become a norm in raising modern children. The study categorised those that can be referred to as single parents, identified various causes of single parenthood, analysed the effects and explored measures through which the menace of single parenthood can be stemmed most especially in South-West Nigeria. The study made use of systematic review and sourced secondary data from relevant books, journal articles, periodicals, newspapers and the internet. The study found that female parents are more involved in single parenthood than male parents. The findings also revealed that divorce, separation, death of a spouse, economic challenges, mental health, teenage pregnancy, rape, domestic violence and low level of education form the main causes of single parenthood in South-West Nigeria. The study also showed that financial challenges, undue love advances, strained relationship with family members and friends, social isolation, child low education performance, shame, stigma and guilt form parts of the effects of single parenthood in South-West Nigeria. The study concluded that there is presently high rate of single parenthood in South-West Nigeria than before and stemming the tide of single parenthood in the region will require the concerted efforts of the government, non- governmental institutions and other relevant stakeholders.
Ganiyu Akeem Adewale, Oshotoye Bradford Adedayo
This study investigates the relationship between entrepreneurship education (EE) and graduate entrepreneurial intentions (GEI) among Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Southwest Nigeria. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 450 final-year students from selected TVET institutions. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses. Results reveal a moderately positive correlation (r = 0.45, p < 0.01) between EE and GEI. Regression analysis indicates that EE significantly predicts GEI (β = 0.38, p < 0.01), explaining approximately 14.4% (R² = 0.144) of the variance in GEI. Specifically, components of EE such as business plan development and entrepreneurial mindset training significantly contributed to higher GEI scores. However, access to funding and mentorship emerged as crucial mediating factors, with students reporting a lower propensity to start businesses despite receiving EE due to perceived limitations in these areas. The study concludes that while EE positively influences GEI, its effectiveness is constrained by systemic challenges within the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The findings emphasize the need for TVET institutions to strengthen their EE programs by integrating practical, hands-on experiences, fostering stronger industry linkages, and actively facilitating access to funding and mentorship opportunities to effectively cultivate graduate entrepreneurial intentions and contribute to economic development in Southwest Nigeria. Further research should explore the qualitative experiences of graduates and the long-term impact of EE on actual entrepreneurial ventures
Bello I.E, Sangari D.U, Shettima E.
Flood disasters have increasingly become a major environmental and socio-economic challenge in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria, resulting in loss of lives, displacement of residents, destruction of infrastructure, and disruption of economic activities. This study examined governmental and non-governmental policies on flood disaster management in the FCT Abuja with the aim of assessing institutional interventions, spatial flood vulnerability, and factors influencing flood risks within the study area. The study adopted a mixed-method research design involving questionnaire administration, field observations, institutional assessment, and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based spatial analysis. A total of 286 respondents were sampled from selected flood-prone communities across the FCT. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean ranking, and spatial vulnerability mapping techniques. The findings revealed that governmental flood disaster management policies are primarily implemented through the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and the Federal Capital Territory Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), with interventions focused mainly on emergency response, evacuation, relief distribution, and early warning dissemination. However, the effectiveness of these policies is hindered by inadequate funding, weak enforcement of land use regulations, poor urban planning practices, and limited institutional capacity. The study also found that non-governmental organizations, particularly the Nigerian Red Cross Society, play significant complementary roles through community sensitization, disaster preparedness training, humanitarian assistance, and resilience-building initiatives at the grassroots level. The study concludes that flood disaster management efforts in the FCT Abuja remain largely reactive rather than preventive. It recommends improved institutional coordination, stricter enforcement of environmental regulations, sustainable urban planning, enhanced community participation, and greater investment in long-term flood mitigation and preparedness strategies to reduce future flood risks.
Riza Rizalina Avila-Quincina
This study examines the current practices, safety considerations, and awareness of bamboo scaffolding in the Fourth District of Quezon Province, Philippines. Despite the increasing availability of steel scaffolding systems, bamboo scaffolding remains widely used due to its affordability, accessibility, and adaptability. The research employed a quantitative descriptive design involving 50 construction stakeholders from the municipalities of Gumaca, Lopez, Calauag, and Atimonan. Data were collected through a structured survey questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using weighted mean and descriptive statistics. Findings reveal that bamboo scaffolding is commonly utilized in residential and commercial construction projects and is valued for its flexibility and cost efficiency. Respondents also recognize the importance of worker training, adherence to safety standards, quality of bamboo materials, and regular inspection protocols in ensuring safe scaffolding practices. The study further indicates increasing awareness of modern bamboo scaffolding practices supported by training programs, government initiatives, and industry publications. The results highlight the potential of bamboo scaffolding to support sustainable construction while preserving traditional construction knowledge. Recommendations include strengthening training programs, establishing clearer safety guidelines, and promoting bamboo innovation within the construction industry.
Olumuyiwa Abiodun, Salauddin Saimon, Syeda Faiza Sogra, Syeda Morsheda Sogra
This paper discusses the development of Supply chain 4.0 to Supply chain 5.0 where models focus on automation as a result of efficiency to models that focus on human-centric whose focus is on resiliency, sustainability, and ethical mindset. Supply Chain 4.0 combines the use of technologies like IoT, cyber-physical systems, analytics of big data, and robotics to maximise the visibility of operations and responsiveness, it is mainly aimed at maximising throughput and lowering costs. However, Supply Chain 5.0 builds on all these by adding collaborative robots, blockchain verification, digital twins, and AI-driven multi-criteria optimization that manage the economic performance and the environment and social goals. The revolution entails intricate technological incorporation issues, employee adjustment, as well as reorganisation of the enterprise to meet the needs of hybrid man-machine cooperation and sustainability requirements. Other socio-economic and regulatory considerations, such as the problem of replacing workforce, development of skills, and adherence to the new environmental and labour standards, are discussed in this analysis, as well. The next steps include interdisciplinary cooperation in the field of engineering, environmental science, economic, and social policy to create supply chain systems that balance operational efficiency with ecological stewardship and social equity. New trends involve decentralised manufacturing, incorporation of renewable energy and proactive participation of workforce and proactive compliance regulation, all of which define supply chains as dynamic socio-technical ecosystems, able to sustain performance despite systemic disruptions.
Akhil Kumar Singari, Elisabeth Pena
Do rating milestones create durable attention? We assemble monthly panels (2010–2023) for three Amazon categories and study what happens when products first cross common badges (≥4.0, ≥4.5). Using an event-time, within-product design, we compare post-crossing months to the month just before on ln(1+reviews), a standard attention proxy. We find no generalized “afterglow.” Attention often peaks before the milestone and cools afterward, with pronounced decay in Beauty & Personal Care (≈ 6–7% decline after crossing), near-zero effects in Home & Kitchen, and threshold-dependent patterns in Electronics. A random pseudo-crossing placebo indicates our effects exceed background drift, and robustness checks (wider windows, alternative scaling) yield consistent conclusions. We contribute a scalable identification template for threshold events, show category-contingent responses to rating badges, and translate findings into post-badge playbooks for brands and guidance for platform badge design.
Balqis Hanifah Omar, Nazni Noordin, Siti Aishah Sha’idan
The efficacy of digital public services is increasingly measured by the level of end-user satisfaction. Despite the rapid shift towards digitalized municipal services, user resistance and system efficiency remain critical challenges. This study is conducted to identify the determinants of public users' satisfaction in using the Automated Barrier Parking System implemented by the Kangar Municipal Council (KMC), Perlis, managed by third-party service provider Snatch Park Bizsolutions Sdn. Bhd (known as Snatch-P). A quantitative cross-sectional research design was adopted for this study, in which data were collected using a structured questionnaire from a sample of 367 public users who were selected using a purposive sampling method, aligned with rule of thumb suggested by Krejcie and Morgan. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 30 were used in this study. The results showed that user-friendly system, payment system, parking space provision, and traffic flow are positively related to public users' level of satisfaction, and user-friendly system is identified as the most dominant factor compared to others. The finding implies that public users' level of satisfaction is largely driven by system friendliness and payment convenience facilitated by provision and optimization of parking space and traffic flow management. This research offers critical insights for local authorities and digital service providers in refining smart parking ecosystems for more effective digital governance
Harliana Halim, Noranifitri Md Nor, Syamimi Waznah Hamdon
The global transition from pandemic to endemic phases highlights the critical need for enhanced state capacity and resilience, revealing gaps in governance and social cohesion. This article investigates how Ibn Khaldun’s theories can inform contemporary strategies for strengthening state capacity in post-endemic contexts. It aims to bridge classical Khaldunian thought with current public sector management and governance debates by identifying principles that support institutional resilience, inclusive development and social cohesion. Using a qualitative interpretivist design, the study conducts conceptual and thematic analyses of Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah, supported by contemporary scholarly interpretations and literature on state capacity, pandemic governance, public administration and resilience. The analysis identifies four interrelated themes: robust governance structures, social cohesion (asabiyyah), equitable resource allocation and institutional adaptability. The conceptual findings suggest that these elements operate as mutually reinforcing pillars of sustainable state capacity. Strong governance provides institutional order and accountability; social cohesion strengthens trust and collective compliance; distributive justice improves legitimacy; and adaptability enables public institutions to respond to changing risks. The discussion argues that trust-building between government institutions and communities is central to strengthening resilience beyond technical administrative reform. The article concludes that integrating Khaldunian insights into contemporary governance strategies can enrich public sector management by linking institutional effectiveness with moral, social and distributive dimensions of state-building. Practical implications include policy recommendations for governments to prioritise ethical leadership, transparent resource distribution, community engagement and adaptive policy learning in post-endemic recovery. The study contributes to theoretical and practical discourse on governance, state capacity and resilience management, while demonstrating the continuing relevance of classical Muslim social thought for addressing modern public administration challenges.
ENEH, Nnajiofor Cyrus PhD, ITIOWE, Grateful Ojurereoluwa, KOLAWOLE, Abraham Olasoji, UCHENNIA, Favour Amarachi
This study investigates the impact of the business environment on the productivity of micro businesses within Southeast Nigeria. The primary objectives were to evaluate how business initiation processes, business environment policies, workplace conditions, and technology adoption affect the productivity of these enterprises. The study population included owners and managers of micro businesses operating within Southeast Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28. The findings revealed that business initiation processes significantly affect startup success, explaining 55.2% of the variance (p < 0.05). Business environment policies were found to significantly influence business growth, accounting for 47.5% of the variance (p < 0.05). Workplace conditions were shown to significantly impact salesperson performance, explaining 38.6% of the variance (p < 0.05). Technology adoption had the strongest effect, explaining 63.1% of the variance in bookkeeping quality (p < 0.05). The study concludes that improving business initiation processes, enhancing policy support, optimizing workplace conditions, and promoting technology adoption are critical for enhancing micro business productivity in Southeast Nigeria. Recommendations include simplifying business initiation procedures, streamlining policies, investing in reliable internet connectivity and power supply, and establishing a Business Support Unit to provide guidance and resources for micro businesses.
Ademakinwa, Olasunmbo O., Balogun, Bolade I., Dada, Segun J., Iso-Nyeh, Mfam-Asi O., Oroniyi, Kehinde
The landscape of a university campus is a dynamic environment that significantly influences the behavior and engagement of its inhabitants. This research investigates the interaction between the landscape of Caleb University, Imota, Lagos State, Nigeria, and how it corresponds with the activities within the campus. The study determines how the physical environment—softscape and hardscape—supports or restricts the academic, social, and recreational activities of students and staff. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a structured questionnaire administered to 300 respondents across multiple colleges and academic levels with direct spatial observation of the campus landscape. Findings reveal that the campus landscape significantly influences daily movement patterns, with 232 respondents (77.4%) confirming that landscape design affects their movement and that areas of difficult access exist. Shade emerged as the most critical factor for outdoor comfort, with 184 respondents (61.3%) agreeing that shaded areas encourage longer outdoor stays, while heat and sun exposure were identified as the primary challenges. Only 107 respondents (35.5%) use outdoor spaces for academic activities, and 213 respondents (71%) confirmed that some campus areas are rarely used, validating the existence of passive zones. The study classifies campus zones as active (academic buildings, cafeteria, hostels, shaded walkways) and passive (football field, mini green fields, peripheral open spaces, Medicals area), revealing that active zones are predominantly associated with necessary activities while spaces for optional and social activities are underserved due to inadequate shade, seating, maintenance, and pathway connectivity. The Love Garden presents a paradoxical case—valued by some for its shade and connectivity but avoided by others due to insects, poor maintenance, and bad access pathways. The study recommends prioritising shade infrastructure, providing outdoor seating, improving pathway connectivity, activating passive zones through targeted interventions, and engaging professional landscape design expertise to create a more responsive campus environment.
Dr ADEBAYO Adebola Ade, Dr LAWAL, Oloyede Raheem, Dr SALAU, Adeyemi Nurudeen, OLORUNSHOLA, Joshua A, Prof. TELLA, Rahamon Adeniran
This study assesses the effect of employee resistance and change management practices on digital transformation outcomes, and examines the moderating role orgamizational culture on the relationship between change management practices, employee resistance, and digital transformation outcomes in selected Banks in Nigeria. A quantitative research design was adopted, and data were obtained from the 294 respondents, who comprised the employees of United Bank for Africa, Sterling Bank, and Union Bank. Multiple and hierarchical regression analyses were used to analyse the data. The results indicate that employee resistance has a significant negative impact on the outcomes of the digital transformation, while change management practices have a significant positive impact on the success of the digital transformation. Additionally, it reveals that organizational culture plays a significant role in moderating the relationship between change management practices and employee resistance to digital transformation, as well as the relationship between employee resistance and digital transformation outcomes. The study concludes that successful digital transformation is not a simple endeavour. It requires the congruence of technological efforts with employee-centred management strategies and supportive organisational cultures within Nigerian banking institutions.
Aiman Haziq Bin Khairul Rizal, Khairi Aziman Bin Kamal Arifin, Lim Shi Kei, Mohammad Fakhrul Haiqal Bin Azman, Norhazren Izatie Mohd, Tay Sin Yee
The construction industry still relies heavily on manual systems to manage updated drawings during the pretender stage, particularly among smaller Quantity Surveying firms. This reliance leads to fragmented document management, unreliable version control, excessive remeasurement effort, and an increased risk of human error. This study proposes a cloud-based knowledge management framework incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI) to address these operational inefficiencies. This paper presents a hybrid solution that integrates cloud storage with an AI-powered drawing comparison system, leveraging the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) paradigm. To examine the system's ability to identify changes and speed up quantity updates prototype testing was conducted using representative architectural and structural drawing samples. The prototype observations suggest that cloud integration enhances accessibility and creates a single, reliable source of information. At the same time, OpenCV is able to identify changes in drawings, reducing the need for human comparison. The integrated system, in general, enhances Quantity Surveyors' efficiency, reinforces traceability, and improves information retention.
Anthony B. Anoche., Carmen N. Hernandez, Mary O’ T. Penetrante
The increasing demand for globally competitive hospitality education has compelled higher education institutions (HEIs) to strengthen compliance systems, quality assurance mechanisms, and innovative academic practices. This study explored the compliance practices, quality assurance systems, innovation initiatives, challenges, and sustaining strategies among Hospitality Management programs in selected HEIs in Panay Island, Philippines. Using a qualitative multiple-case study design, data were gathered through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and field observations involving administrators, quality assurance officers, faculty members, and program coordinators from selected institutions. Thematic analysis and cross-case synthesis were employed to identify emerging themes and institutional variations. Findings revealed that compliance and quality assurance practices were institutionalized through structured governance systems, periodic curriculum review, faculty capability development, strategic industry partnerships, and digitalized documentation systems. Institutions also demonstrated innovation through technology integration, experiential learning, simulation-based instruction, and industry-responsive curriculum enhancement. Despite these advances, HEIs continue to experience challenges related to documentation workload, infrastructure upgrading, resource limitations, and faculty workload. The study further revealed that collaborative leadership, stakeholder engagement, and a culture of continuous improvement significantly contribute to sustaining compliance and achieving higher accreditation outcomes. The study contributes to hospitality education management literature by providing a contextualized understanding of institutional practices within Philippine HEIs. The findings may serve as a framework for strengthening compliance systems, sustaining quality assurance initiatives, and promoting innovation in hospitality education.
Sherzod Hayitaliev
Against the backdrop of advancing the "dual carbon" strategy and deepening digital economy development, the remanufacturing industry—core to the circular economy—has embraced promising growth opportunities. Online channels have become crucial sales platforms for remanufactured electronics. However, the current online market faces challenges including low purchase conversion rates, consumer distrust, and cognitive biases, which hinder high-quality industry development. This study investigates the influence mechanisms of online remanufactured electronics purchasing behavior, focusing on the mediating role of purchase attitudes in perceived value, online trust, perceived risk, and purchasing behavior. Using a questionnaire survey method, 1,268 valid samples were collected. SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 software were employed to validate questionnaire validity through content validity testing, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Mediation effect analysis was conducted to examine the transmission effects of purchase attitudes. The questionnaire demonstrates strong content and structural validity, with a KMO value of 0.882 and a cumulative variance contribution rate of 73.52%. All items exhibit factor loadings above 0.6. Purchase attitude functions as a single mediator among perceived value, online trust, perceived risk, and purchase behavior, with perceived value showing the most significant effect (indirect effect = 0.187, p < 0.01), followed by online trust (indirect effect = 0.162, p < 0.01), while perceived risk has the weakest effect (- 0.145, p < 0.01). Purchase attitude serves as the critical bridge connecting core influencing factors to purchase behavior. The refined questionnaire provides a reliable tool for subsequent research, and its findings offer actionable insights for online remanufacturing electronics enterprises to optimize marketing strategies and enhance consumer conversion rates.
Cynthia Isaka Mungochi
Corporate financial accountability remains a major challenge for many organisations in Zambia. Despite the existence of accounting standards, corporate governance laws, and regulatory institutions, cases of corporate financial distress and insolvency continue to occur. These failures negatively affect employees, investors, creditors, regulators, and the broader economy. Although recent reforms such as the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2025 and the Lusaka Securities Exchange Corporate Governance Code were introduced to improve transparency, board oversight, and ownership disclosure, evidence from practice shows that implementation gaps remain. The persistence of corporate failures suggests that legal reforms alone are not sufficient without effective enforcement, digital financial systems, and strengthened governance capacity. This study examines corporate financial accountability in Zambia by focusing on three interconnected areas: bookkeeping practices, internal control systems, and beneficial ownership transparency. The objective is to analyse how weaknesses in these areas reduce financial discipline, weaken regulatory oversight, and increase the risk of corporate insolvency. The study adopts an integrated approach because accountability elements do not operate in isolation. Poor bookkeeping reduces the quality of financial information. Weak internal controls limit oversight and increase the opportunity for financial misconduct. Limited beneficial ownership disclosure reduces responsibility and transparency. When these weaknesses occur together, they significantly increase insolvency risk. The study is guided by agency theory, stewardship theory, and fraud triangle theory. These theories explain how weak monitoring systems, poor governance structures, and lack of transparency create financial vulnerability. A mixed-methods research design was used, combining structured questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis. Data were collected from finance officers, accountants, auditors, managers, and compliance officers. Financial statements, audit reports, governance disclosures, and regulatory publications were also reviewed. Case studies of selected Zambian organisations that experienced financial distress were analysed to understand patterns of accountability failure. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings show that many organisations rely on manual or semi-manual bookkeeping systems, which lead to delayed recording, errors, and incomplete financial documentation. Internal control mechanisms are often poorly implemented, with weak segregation of duties and limited audit oversight. Beneficial ownership disclosures remain incomplete in some cases, reducing transparency and regulatory effectiveness. These accountability weaknesses are interconnected and reinforce one another. The study therefore recommends an integrated reform strategy that includes digital bookkeeping adoption, strengthened internal control enforcement, improved beneficial ownership transparency, enhanced regulatory monitoring, and continuous professional capacity building. Without coordinated implementation of these reforms, the risk of corporate insolvency in Zambia will remain high.
Muhamad Azrin Nazri, Sharifah Nazura Syed Noh
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a widely accepted framework that guides firms in addressing the social and environmental consequences of their business activities. While CSR has traditionally been grounded in Western ethical and stakeholder-oriented perspectives, Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) have developed Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (i-CSR), which integrates conventional CSR practices with Islamic ethical values, such as justice, accountability, and social welfare, within a Shariah based framework. Both CSR and i-CSR offer complementary perspectives on corporate responsibility. However, the conceptual distinction between them has not been fully explored in the literature. This paper reviews the foundations of both frameworks, examines how Islamic principles reshape the understanding of corporate responsibility, and highlights the key elements that differentiate i-CSR from conventional CSR practices. Building on this review, the paper argues that i-CSR extends the conventional CSR framework by embedding spiritual accountability, Maqasid al-Shariah, and social justice considerations. Accordingly, this study proposes an integrated framework that combines stakeholder theory with Islamic ethical principles to better explain the relationship between CSR and Islamic CSR. Overall, the findings contribute to the growing discourse on ethical finance and provide guidance fo IFIs to operationalize socially responsible practices that align with both global CSR expectations and Islamic ethical principles
Marion P. Naldo
This study aimed to assess the potential of Out-of-School Youth (OSY) in Barangay Balogo, Sorsogon City, to meet the technical skill requirements of Sorsogon Electric Cooperative II (SORECO II) and to develop a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)-driven training program that addresses the skills-to-jobs mismatch within the community. Specifically, the study determined the demographic profile of OSY in terms of age, gender, and educational attainment; assessed their readiness in communication, vocational, technical, and life skills; identified the skill requirements for lineman and meter reader positions at SORECO II; and analyzed the relationship between OSY skill readiness and job requirements. Findings revealed that most respondents were high school graduates, predominantly male, and either unemployed or engaged in low-skilled informal work. The results further indicated that OSY demonstrated moderate readiness in communication and vocational skills, showing strengths in teamwork and safety awareness but gaps in technical competencies and job-specific qualifications required for utility fieldwork. Based on these findings, the study proposed a CSR-driven training program designed to enhance technical skills, improve employability, and align the capabilities of OSY with the workforce needs of SORECO II. The proposed program offers a strategic approach to corporate social responsibility by simultaneously addressing community employment challenges and strengthening the local talent pool for sustainable socio-economic development.
Dr. Rashmi K R, Mr. Ben Jacob
The global automotive industry is undergoing a significant transformation driven by environmental concerns, rising fuel costs, and technological advancements. This study presents a focused comparative analysis of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles, Electric Vehicles (EVs), and Alternate Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) across two primary objectives: (1) to compare these vehicle types in terms of cost, performance, and sustainability, and (2) to analyse how these factors influence user satisfaction, which in turn affects adoption intention. A quantitative descriptive research approach was adopted, with primary data collected from 255 respondents through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. Statistical tools including One-Way ANOVA (Welch's), Tukey post-hoc tests, multiple regression analysis, and mediation analysis were applied using JAMOVI 2.3.28. The instrument reliability was confirmed through a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.814. Results indicate that while cost and performance perceptions do not differ significantly across vehicle types, sustainability perceptions are significantly higher among EV and AFV owners. Regression analysis reveals that performance is the strongest driver of user satisfaction (β = 0.438), followed by cost (β = 0.391) and sustainability (β = 0.304). Mediation analysis confirms that user satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between each factor and adoption intention. The findings provide actionable insights for consumers, manufacturers, and policymakers navigating the transition to sustainable transportation.
Dr Anoop Shrivastava, Shraddha Singh
Green banking means using banking services in a way that helps protect the environment. It includes services like online banking, mobile banking, internet banking, ATM services, digital payments, e-statements, and paperless transactions. Green banking helps reduce the use of paper, saves time, and lowers environmental pollution. It also makes banking services faster and easier for customers. Nowadays, many banks are promoting green banking services to encourage customers to use digital methods instead of traditional paper-based banking. This study focuses on customer satisfaction towards green banking services in Chhattisgarh. The study is based on secondary data collected from 80 bank customers. The main purpose of the study is to understand the level of satisfaction among customers using green banking services. The study also tries to identify the problems faced by customers while using these services. The findings of the study show that most customers are satisfied with green banking services because they are convenient, fast, and easy to use. Customers feel that green banking saves time and reduces the need to visit bank branches frequently. However, some customers still face problems such as lack of awareness, technical issues, internet problems, and security concerns. Some users also find digital banking difficult because of low digital knowledge. The study concludes that green banking has a positive impact on customers and the environment. It also suggests that banks should increase awareness programs, improve technical support, and provide proper guidance to customers. Better internet facilities and stronger security systems can also help in making green banking services more effective and user-friendly.
Anthony Ly Dagang, Charlyn E. Saway
Customer loyalty is becoming increasingly crucial in Bukidnon's booming café industry, which is molded by tourism, local businesses, and changing customer tastes. However, as the number of cafés continues to grow, businesses must go beyond simply offering quality products. Building strong customer relationships, maintaining a positive brand image, and integrating local cultural heritage to create loyal customers remains a challenge. This study is conceptualized to examine the customer-centric initiatives, brand image strategies, and heritage integration as determinants of customer loyalty in Bukidnon cafés. A quantitative, descriptive–correlational research design was employed. Data were collected from 237 café customers using a structured questionnaire validated through factor analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the concepts used in this study, while multiple regression analysis was used to determine the influence of customer-centric strategies, brand image, and heritage integration on customer loyalty. The findings showed customers rated highly the cafes’ customer-centric strategies, branding image and heritage integration Moreover, customer loyalty was also high. Customer-centric strategies and heritage integration significantly influence customer loyalty, and customer-centric strategies emerged as the strongest and most significant influence. However, when taken to isolation from the other variable, brand image is not statistically significant. It is concluded that while brand image is important for initial attraction, it appears to play a secondary role in sustaining loyalty. Customer loyalty develops through genuine experiences where customers feel acknowledged, valued, and connected to something meaningful. It is recommended that café owners may integrate business strategies that develops strong customer relationships and incorporating local cultural elements to increase customer loyalty.
Jeffrey T. De Vera, Reynalyn A. Clemente
This study examined the determinants of adoption, behavioral intention, and actual usage of digital Quick Response (QR) code payment systems among retail-micro enterprises in the City of Batac, Philippines. Anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), the study categorized influencing factors into technological, economic/financial, and external dimensions. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed, with data collected from 318 retail-micro business owners using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistical tools, particularly mean scores, were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the determinants of adoption were generally moderate, indicating that respondents were receptive but not strongly influenced to adopt QR code payment systems. Technological factors obtained the highest mean, suggesting that ease of use, usefulness, and compatibility were not major barriers. However, economic/financial factors emerged as key constraints due to cost concerns and uncertainty regarding financial benefits. External factors were also moderately favorable, although customer demand remained insufficient to drive adoption. Behavioral intention was moderate, reflecting openness to adopting QR code payments in the future. In contrast, actual usage was low, indicating that QR code payment systems were only occasionally used and not yet integrated into routine business operations. This highlights a significant intention–behavior gap among retail-micro businesses. The study concludes that while retail-micro businesses demonstrate readiness to adopt QR code payment systems, economic concerns and limited customer demand hinder actual usage. The findings provide a basis for developing targeted strategies, including financial support mechanisms, awareness programs, and customer adoption initiatives, to enhance digital payment adoption and promote financial inclusion at the local level.
James Q. Grefalde, Mary Jane T. Javellana
Financial stability is an important dimension of teachers’ personal well-being and professional effectiveness, particularly among private school teachers who may experience income limitations, debt obligations, weak savings capacity, and limited institutional support. This study determined the financial stability of private school teachers in the 2nd District of Surigao del Sur and identified future research directions for financial wellness interventions. Specifically, it examined the respondents’ profile, factors influencing financial stability, the extent to which selected financial indicators affect financial stability, level of financial stability, significant differences when grouped by profile, significant relationships among study variables, and predictors of financial stability. The study used a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design. Data were gathered from 179 private school teachers selected through stratified proportional random sampling using a validated researcher-made questionnaire. Findings showed that the factors influencing financial stability were highly influential, with financial literacy training obtaining the highest mean and school support for financial wellness obtaining the lowest. Selected financial indicators affected financial stability to a high extent, with debt management obtaining the highest mean and savings rate obtaining the lowest. The respondents were moderately stable financially. No significant differences were found in financial stability when grouped according to profile variables. Most relationships between influencing factors and financial stability indicators were significant. Regression analysis identified perceived financial wellness, debt management, and access to financial resources and tools as significant predictors of financial stability. Therefore, future studies may design, pilot, and assess financial wellness interventions using pre-test/post-test, quasi-experimental, or longitudinal designs.
Ghyxanler B. Panganiban, Rovilyn K. Dagondon
The growing reliance on online loan services as an alternative source of credit has increased the need to understand the factors influencing their adoption among microentrepreneurs, particularly in rural areas with limited access to formal financial institutions. This study examined the determinants of online loan service adoption among microentrepreneurs in Tagbina, Surigao del Sur. Specifically, it assessed the respondents’ demographic profile, level of online loan service availment, technological, organizational, and environmental determinants, significant differences across profile variables, key predictors of adoption, and the development of a policy framework. A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed involving 298 microentrepreneurs in Tagbina, Surigao del Sur. Data were gathered using a structured survey questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Results revealed that the overall level of online loan service availment was low despite technological, organizational, and environmental determinants being perceived as influential. Among the determinants, compatibility, financial resources, and perceived usefulness emerged as significant predictors of adoption. Significant differences in availment were found according to sex and employment status, whereas age showed no significant influence. Based on these findings, a Digital Financial Inclusion Enhancement Framework was proposed to improve platform accessibility, strengthen digital and financial literacy, enhance consumer protection, and reinforce institutional support mechanisms. The framework aims to promote responsible online loan utilization and advance digital financial inclusion among microentrepreneurs in the municipality.
Malikakhon Anvarkhujaeva, Muhd Fairos b Mohd Shah
This study examines the role of psychological safety and conflict resolution protocols in enhancing crisis management effectiveness within virtual Project Management Offices (PMOs) during periods of global economic volatility. As organizations increasingly rely on virtual teams, challenges related to communication, trust, and conflict management have become more significant, particularly in high-pressure and uncertain environments. Despite extensive research on these constructs individually, there is limited empirical evidence on their combined influence in virtual project settings. A quantitative research approach was adopted, with data collected through a structured survey administered to project managers and team members working in virtual PMOs across multinational organizations. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the direct and indirect relationships among psychological safety, conflict resolution protocols, trust, communication quality, and crisis management effectiveness. The findings reveal that psychological safety has a significant positive effect on trust and communication quality, which in turn enhances crisis management effectiveness. Furthermore, structured conflict resolution protocols contribute to reducing conflict escalation and improving decision-making processes, particularly in conditions of economic uncertainty. Trust is a key mediating variable that strengthens these relationships. This study contributes to the project management literature by integrating psychological and structural perspectives within virtual environments. Practically, this study provides valuable insights for PMO leaders to foster psychologically safe work environments, implement structured conflict resolution frameworks, and enhance team resilience and crisis response capabilities in remote project settings.
Leomar G. Barroga
Electronic Reverse Auctions (eRAs) are emerging as a modern procurement method in the Philippine construction industry, supported by providers with experience across major construction firms, universities, real estate developers, and project management organizations. Research shows that eRAs deliver greater cost efficiency and transparency than traditional sealed bidding, while reducing opportunities for corruption through third‑party facilitation. Despite these advantages, the sector continues to rely on manual, paper-based processes that lack real-time price competition, consistent auditability, and standardized digital procurement guidelines. This study examines the application of eRAs in construction management and develops guidelines to help industry stakeholders better understand and adopt this method Through interviews and surveys; key themes and implementation factors will be identified and organized into a structured framework. The findings aim to fill existing gaps in procurement practice and promote wider use of eRAs to enhance efficiency, transparency, and fairness in the Philippine construction sector.
Afiq Syazwan Bin Mohd Adzrul, Emily Liong Jia Wen, Lee Xin Jie, Muhammad Hazim Shah Bin Mohd Nadzmi, Muhammad Luqman Nurhakim Bin Shamsudin, Norhazren Izatie Mohd, Nurshikin Mohamad Shukery
Manual inventory management practices in the Malaysian construction industry contribute substantially to project inefficiencies, resulting in approximately 17.3% of project delays due to material shortages and stock record errors, with errors reaching up to 35%. These challenges limit real-time visibility and hinder effective decision-making, particularly as the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) advances the Construction 4.0 digitalisation agenda. This study aims to develop an integrated System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) framework specifically designed to support the implementation of Digital Inventory Tracking Systems (DITS), such as SmartStock Builder, addressing the absence of construction-specific system development frameworks. The proposed SDLC framework encompasses problem identification, user requirements analysis, system design, development, testing, implementation, and post-deployment maintenance. Comparative process analysis provides theoretical support for potential reductions of up to 30% in inventory errors and 30% in operational costs through the adoption of digital technologies, including barcodes, QR codes, RFID, and cloud-based platforms for real-time monitoring. The implementation of DITS enhances inventory accuracy, improves communication through centralised data access, enables real-time material tracking, and reduces operational inefficiencies. Overall, the framework supports the transition from manual inventory practices to automated, data-driven systems that enable more informed, proactive resource management in construction projects.
Jenny Lyn M. Judar
This study examined the digital marketing practices of Wedding Photographers in Camarines Sur, Philippines. Recently, there has been an increased reliance on digital platforms for business promotion. However, several creative services providers have yet to understand how to use these platforms effectively. This study aimed to evaluate the digital marketing platform used, measure online visibility and engagement level using publicly available metrics, and develop strategic recommendations to improve online presence and business performance. A mixed-method sequential explanatory design with a multi-case approach was employed, combining quantitative content analysis of Facebook pages (251 posts analyzed from July to December 2025) and qualitative semi-structured interviews to validate the findings. Eight wedding photographers were purposively selected, and four participated in the interview phase. Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, were used to interpret the data, and thematic analysis was used to support the findings and inform the SWOT and TOWS analyses. The results showed that all participants use Facebook as their primary platform, with limited use of other digital channels. Findings also revealed the high variability in online visibility and low to moderate variability in engagement level. The research results represent a further step towards developing a strategic digital marketing framework and a SNAP strategy to improve platform utilization, strengthen online engagement, and enhance overall business performance. This study should therefore be of value to practitioners seeking to improve their digital presence and business performance, as well as to the growing literature on digital marketing in creative service industries.
Amry Akashah, Chua Moh Gin, Hamizah Liyana Tajul Ariffin, Najwa Safiyya, Norhazren Izatie Mohd, Sandra Ainah Nadirah, Wong Ying Ying
Efficient material procurement and inventory control are critical to project time, cost, and site productivity in construction. However, many construction projects in Malaysia still rely heavily on manual practices such as paper-based requisition forms, WhatsApp communication, and basic spreadsheet records. Despite the availability of digital technologies, these fragmented and informal methods remain common. As a result, material-related information is often inaccurate, delayed, or inconsistent, leading to poor coordination among project teams. These weaknesses frequently cause material duplication, wastage, stock shortages, and avoidable construction delays. This study critically examines the limitations of manual material management practices and their impact on overall project performance. Through system analysis and process re-engineering, existing procurement and inventory workflows were analyzed to identify operational inefficiencies and gaps in information flow. The findings reveal that the absence of an integrated system is a key contributor to poor data visibility and weak decision-making. In response, this study proposes a digital Material Procurement and Inventory Management System tailored to the needs of construction projects. The system integrates material requests, approval processes, purchase orders, delivery tracking, and real-time inventory updates within a single platform. Developed using web-based technologies and supported by a cloud database, the system aims to improve transparency, reduce human error, and support timely decision-making. The results demonstrate that adopting a digital material management system can significantly improve operational efficiency, enhance data accuracy, and reduce material-related delays and waste, thereby supporting the Malaysian construction industry's digital transformation efforts.
Oyindoubra Timi-Wood
The expansion of digital media infrastructures has reconfigured patterns of information access, attention allocation, and knowledge consumption within higher education globally. In Nigerian universities, growing concern about declining sustained reading and shallow engagement with academic texts has often been framed in moral or generational terms. However, limited scholarship has examined how digital media environments structurally reshape reading practices within specific socio-educational contexts. This study investigates how digital media exposure and information fragmentation influence undergraduate reading practices in Nigerian higher education. Adopting a mixed-methods design, the study draws on survey data (N = 512) collected across federal, state and private universities, complemented by focus group discussions. Quantitative analysis examined relationships between digital media use, multitasking behaviors, sustained reading duration and academic engagement, while qualitative analysis explored students lived experiences of reading within digitally saturated environments. The study is theoretically anchored in media ecology, attention economy theory, and an information fragmentation framework. Findings indicate a statistically significant negative association between high-intensity social media use and sustained academic reading duration. Reading practices increasingly reflect fragmented, screen-dominant engagement characterized by multitasking, modular information extraction, and reliance on summaries and audiovisual explainers. However, the evidence does not support a narrative of reading disappearance. Instead, students exhibit hybrid literacy practices integrating digital tools with traditional academic texts. The study concludes that transformations in reading culture are structurally conditioned by mediatized attention environments rather than reducible to individual indiscipline. By situating reading practices within broader digital infrastructures, the research contributes to communication scholarship on cognitive transformation in higher education and highlights the implications of attention-fragmented environments for academic literacy.
Riolando B. Lobina, Virgilio P. Rapada Jr.
Upward evaluation is a procedure or process where subordinates rate the performance of their supervisors. This process is unheard of in the elementary schools, hence, this study explored teachers’ and school heads’ perspectives of such evaluation regarding their attitudes, how it should be designed, and the performance areas to be included in the evaluation. Participants included 140 teachers and 21 heads assigned at Oras East School District during the school year 2018-2019 and data used in evolving procedural guidelines on upward evaluation were obtained using self-structured questionnaire. The study revealed that both the school heads and teachers have favorable attitude towards upward evaluation. They were agreed that upward evaluation should involve subordinates and immediate superior of school heads as raters without anonymity, using the behavior approach and both the rating and critical incidents techniques in rating, to be conducted once before every school year ends where evaluators shall be asked to rate the school head on station with the school district supervisor visiting each school to facilitate the conduct of the evaluation using a devised performance appraisal form, and the results be communicated a week after the evaluation for discussion between school head and immediate superior. Five performance areas identified that were included in upward evaluation are on instructional leadership, learning environment, human resource management and development, parents’ involvement and community partnership, and school leadership, management and operation. The procedural guidelines evolved describe how upward evaluation may be undertaken to produce results fair enough to provide feedback of school heads’ performance.
Brian Wakasala, Christine Osinde, Lydia Nyongesa
This study critically examined the emerging issues transforming finance in Kenya in the 21st century, emphasizing the interplay between technological advancement, financial inclusion, regulatory evolution, and sustainable finance. Kenya emerged as a global leader in digital financial innovation, with platforms such as M-Pesa, mobile banking applications, and digital credit solutions fundamentally altering the delivery and accessibility of financial services. The main objective of the study was to analyze the emerging trends in finance in Kenya in the 21st century. This study adopted a qualitative descriptive research design to explore and synthesize emerging trends in the Kenyan financial sector in the 21st century. The study was primarily based on desk research, utilizing extensive secondary data (scholarly literature, policy reports, and regulatory publications). An integrative literature review approach was employed for studies published between 2007 and 2024. The findings of the study reaffirmed the foundational role of mobile money particularly M-Pesa as a transformative force in Kenya’s financial system. The article recommended that more digitization should be encouraged so that the boundaries between financial firms and their customers become increasingly fluid. In conclusion, Kenya’s financial landscape has undergone transformation in the 21st century, driven by mobile innovation, digital platforms, and a forward-looking regulatory environment.
Dr. G. Manokaran, Ms. Mahilarasi A.
Training and development are essential components of organizational success, particularly in manufacturing industries where technological advancements and operational efficiency require continuous employee skill enhancement. This study investigates employee perceptions regarding the effectiveness of training programs among selected manufacturing industries in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. A descriptive research design was employed, and primary data were collected from 882 employees representing various demographic and occupational groups. Statistical techniques including frequency analysis, chi-square tests, one-sample t-tests, and independent sample t-tests were used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that employees generally hold positive perceptions regarding training awareness, communication effectiveness, content clarity, and skill development. A substantial proportion of respondents agreed that training programs contributed to practical skill enhancement, professional growth, and increased confidence in performing job responsibilities. However, certain areas such as addressing job-specific challenges, collaborative learning opportunities, and post-training support require improvement. Significant differences were observed across educational qualifications, income groups, and job positions. The study concludes that manufacturing organizations should adopt customized, learner-centered, and continuously evaluated training programs to maximize employee development and organizational performance.
Aondokighir Terzungwe, Iorbee Igbawase Iorbee, Mngutwen Hycinth
The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of employment needs assessment practices on the performance of public service sectors in Benue State, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to examine how workforce planning, job analysis, and skills gap analysis affect the performance of public service sectors in Benue State. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population consisted of 10,243 civil servants, from which a sample of 240 respondents was drawn. The data collected were analysed using correlation and multiple regression techniques to examine the relationships among the variables. The findings revealed that, although all variables are positively related to performance, only skills gap analysis significantly predicts performance, while workforce planning and job analysis do not have significant independent effects. It is recommended that Benue State prioritize regular and systematic skills gap analysis to identify competency deficiencies and guide targeted training and development programmes. Additionally, workforce planning should be more strategic and data-driven, ensuring proper alignment between staffing needs, organizational goals, and future skill requirements. Job analysis should also be conducted more rigorously and updated regularly to ensure accurate job descriptions, clear role expectations, and alignment with performance standards.
Hassad Hassan, Noor Salwani Hussin, Shuhairimi Abdullah, Suzana Sulaiman
This study examines the role of social entrepreneurship in empowering social entrepreneurs among Asnaf Persons with Disabilities (OKU) in the state of Perlis, Malaysia. Drawing on the Social Network Empowerment Model and Social Capital Theory, the study investigates how interactions within social networks, access to resources, and participation in social entrepreneurship activities enhance participants’ capacity, agency, and economic independence. This qualitative case study involved seven (7) active Asnaf OKU social entrepreneurs and two (2) officers from the Department of Social Welfare (JKM) Perlis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis, and analyzed using thematic analysis with NVivo 12 software. Findings indicate that social entrepreneurship serves as a crucial channel for the mobilization of social capital, particularly relational and cognitive capital, enabling participants to overcome infrastructural barriers, social stigma, and financial constraints. Interventions from NGOs and support from JKM were instrumental in capacity building and market access. Nevertheless, participants continue to face challenges related to physical mobility, lack of dedicated start-up funding, and bureaucratic procedures. The study suggests that empowerment programs for Asnaf OKU should shift from a paternalistic aid-based model to a community centered social entrepreneurship ecosystem, supported by inclusive policies. The implications highlight the importance of strategic collaboration frameworks among government agencies, NGOs, and the private sector to develop a holistic, sustainable, and effective support system for Asnaf OKU social entrepreneurs.
Anthony Ly B. Dagang, DBM, Laiza Kristal D. Achas, MBA
Developing strong financial management skills among senior high school students in the Philippines remains a growing concern, as gaps persist: many learners understand financial concepts but struggle to apply them in real-life situations. This study examined the influence of students’ engagement in the Young Finpreneurs Program and their financial self-efficacy on financial management skills. Using a descriptive-correlational design, the study collected data from 100 senior high school students in the province of Misamis Oriental through a structured, validated survey questionnaire. The study measured engagement in simulations, seminars, and workshop, financial self-efficacy and financial management skills in terms of financial control, monitoring, planning and decision-making. Findings revealed high levels of engagement in simulations, seminars, and workshop, as well as strong financial self-efficacy and high financial management skills. Multiple regression analysis showed that both engagement in the Finpreneurs Program and financial self-efficacy significantly influenced financial management skills, with financial self-efficacy as the strongest predictor. The study recommends that students actively participate in financial education programs, entrepreneurship and confidence-building activities. Schools and educators are encouraged to provide support. Furthermore, the Department of Education may embed financial literacy as a core competency across all learning strands, not only in the Accountancy, Business and Management strand, to ensure that all students develop essential financial skills. Future researchers are encouraged to examine long-term effects through longitudinal and comparative studies to improve practices and strengthen lifelong financial responsibility.
Aleja S. Clemeña-Pasilaban
This study examined how personal and professional experiences contribute to the enhancement of managerial competencies in the telecommunications industry. In a fast-paced and dynamic operational environment, professionals are required to develop competencies beyond technical expertise, including communication, decision-making, collaboration, and leadership. A qualitative descriptive research design was employed, using semi-structured interviews with selected respondents actively involved in telecommunications operations and leadership-related roles. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis to identify patterns related to experiential learning, communication practices, and operational responsibilities. The findings showed that personal experiences and reflective practices play a significant role in shaping professional identity and supporting continuous learning. Effective communication was found to strengthen trust, collaboration, and operational efficiency among stakeholders, while direct involvement in operational responsibilities enhances decision-making, problem-solving, and leadership exposure. The results also indicate that managerial competencies are developed not only through formal training but largely through real-world workplace experiences. Based on these findings, the study proposes the COPE Leadership Development Guide as a practical framework integrating communication, operational exposure, reflection, and structured development. This study contributes to the understanding of leadership development in operational environments and provides practical insights for organizations seeking to strengthen managerial competencies and improve overall effectiveness in the telecommunications industry.
Ajulahin bin Japin, Bertha Eldo, Eddy Pooson, Laurence Vun, Melvin Ebin Bondi, Nicholas Hulus, Rosie Popong, Sucyana Maipah
Accurate membership verification is essential for public-sector union governance and compliance with the Human Resource Management and Information System (HRMIS), yet many unions still rely on slow manual processes. The Sabah Medical Services Union (SMSU) case examines an automated verification system introduced to address processing delays, duplicate entries, and data vulnerabilities. Guided by a Design and Development Research (DDR) framework, a web-based system was built using low-code architecture, combining a modular front end with a secure cloud backend to enable real-time verification and automatic annual expiry. A baseline of 2,600 legacy records was migrated, followed by usability testing (n=30) and performance monitoring of 400 new requests. Data were analysed descriptively using SPSS version 27. Certificate issuance time fell from as long as 28 days to immediate real-time retrieval. The automated expiry function ensured annual validity without requiring manual administrative checks. Usability scores indicated high acceptance (Mean=4.43/5.00; 90% satisfaction), and all 400 new requests were processed without recorded verification errors. The SMSU experience shows that low-cost digital innovation can close administrative gaps in resource constrained organisations and offers a practical model for improving governance and accountability without major infrastructure investment.
Jolynn Ching Zhi Ling, Kenneth Sim Shan Wu, Kong Xin Zye, Muhammad Fikri Bin Ahmad Faizal, Norhazren Izatie Mohd, Nurul Syahidah Binti Shahid
Non-compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) remains a persistent safety issue during construction project implementation, contributing to a high incidence of site accidents. While prior studies have extensively highlighted the importance of PPE use, enforcement, and monitoring practices on construction sites, these practices continue to rely heavily on manual supervision, which is inconsistent, labour-intensive, and prone to oversight. A critical gap, therefore, exists in the continuous, objective monitoring of individual workers' PPE compliance, particularly in complex, dynamic site environments. This study proposes an artificial intelligence–based PPE monitoring system using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) object detection algorithm to automatically identify the use of safety helmets, safety footwear, and reflective vests on construction sites in Malaysia. The research focuses on evaluating the detection model's performance in terms of accuracy and its ability to provide timely information to personnel responsible for safety supervision. Model performance was assessed through detection accuracy and system responsiveness during controlled testing. The findings indicate that the proposed model can identify PPE non-compliance with a satisfactory level of accuracy, demonstrating its potential as a supplementary tool for site safety monitoring. Although the system does not replace human supervision, it provides a foundation for automated safety inspection and supports proactive safety management. The study contributes to ongoing research on digital safety monitoring and highlights the role of computer vision in strengthening construction site safety practices.
Amalia Safitri, Hajar Dewantara, Muhammad Rakib
Thisl study aimsl to analyzel the influence lof social support and lentrepreneurial learning on students' entrepreneuriall behavior with proactive attitudes las an intervening variable. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method conducted on students of the Faculty of Economics and Business of Universitas Negeri Makassar. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 346 respondents who were determined using a proportional random sampling technique. The data obtained were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling method based on Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results showed that social support and entrepreneurial learning had a positive and significant effect on students' proactive attitudes. Furthermore, proactive attitudes were proven to have a positive and significant effect on students' entrepreneurial behavior. In addition, social support and entrepreneurial learning also had a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior, both directly and indirectly through proactive attitudes as an intervening variable. These findings confirm that strengthening social support and implementing effective entrepreneurial learning, accompanied by the development of proactive attitudes, are crucial factors in shaping and improving students' entrepreneurial behavior in the higher education environment.
Adeyeye Mercy Modupe, Jacob Abu Alabi, Olanrenwaju Akeem Salami, Peter Elaigwu Oteh
This paper is a part of my thesis titled “Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Components and the Performance of Agroallied SMEs in North Central, Nigeria. It investigates the effect of entrepreneurial culture on the performance of agro-allied small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in North Central Nigeria, a region central to the country’s agricultural value chain. Using a quantitative research approach, primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to agro-allied SME operators and employees across seven states and the Federal Capital Territory. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted, with simple random sampling applied to a population of 1,492 registered SMEs, yielding 713 valid responses for analysis. Entrepreneurial culture was measured through societal attitudes toward entrepreneurship, risk-taking, innovation, role modelling, fear of failure, and community support, while SME performance was proxied by competitive advantage. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis. The results reveal a highly supportive entrepreneurial culture within the study area and demonstrate a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between culture and SME performance (β = 0.766, p < .001). The structural model indicates that entrepreneurial culture explains 68.2% of the variance in SME performance, highlighting its substantial explanatory power. These findings suggest that shared values, norms, and social support systems play a critical role in enhancing innovation, resilience, and competitiveness among agro-allied SMEs. The study concludes that strengthening pro-entrepreneurial cultural norms and community support mechanisms can significantly improve SME performance and sustainability, providing important policy and practical insights for fostering enterprise growth in Nigeria’s agrarian regions.
Hajar Dewantara, Muhammad Rakib, Sarmia
This study aims to analyze and identify a model of the relationship between entrepreneurship training and digital technology on students' entrepreneurial intentions, with adaptability as an intervening variable. The research was conducted on students of the Faculty of Economics and Business at Makassar State University. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach with a survey method. The research population consisted of students of the Faculty of Economics and Business at Makassar State University who have taken courses and programs related to entrepreneurship, with a total population of 2,550 students. The sample was determined using the Solving formula and proportional random sampling technique, resulting in a sample size of 346 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed through Google Forms. The collected data were then analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling. (PLS-SEM technique) with the assistance of Smart PLS version 4 software. The results of the study indicate that (1) entrepreneurship and digital technology training have a significant effect on students' adaptive capacity, (2) entrepreneurship and digital technology training have a significant effect on students' entrepreneurial intentions, (3) adaptive capacity has a significant effect on students' entrepreneurial intentions, and (4) entrepreneurship and digital technology training have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions through adaptive capacity as an intervening variable.
Hassad bin Hassan, Noor Salwani Hussin, Shuhairimi Abdullah, Suzana Sulaiman
Entrepreneurship has long played an important role as a social phenomenon in Malaysia and is widely regarded as an effective approach to enhancing the nation’s economic development. It also serves as a potential solution to unemployment issues, while contributing significantly to regional growth, economic expansion, and the encouragement of innovation. Malaysian public universities have implemented a range of initiatives aimed at fostering entrepreneurial engagement among students. Nevertheless, the level of participation and acceptance remains relatively low, particularly among young adults. Therefore, gaining a deeper understanding of the factors that shape young adults’ entrepreneurial intentions is crucial for advancing entrepreneurship development. In response to this concern, the present study seeks to fill this gap. The objective of this research is to examine existing literature related to entrepreneurial orientation, technology adoption—particularly in the areas of e-commerce and social media platforms—as well as self-efficacy, especially in the context of online business activities. This paper aims to determine the extent to which entrepreneurial orientation affects the entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate students in Malaysia. Furthermore, it will investigate and clarify how entrepreneurial orientation interacts with ICT self-efficacy and technology adoption among undergraduate students in the Malaysian context.
Mohamad Zain Hashim, Muriatul Khusmah Musa
This study examines how an MS Project webinar helped final-year students improve their awareness of digital scheduling and understand its relevance to future construction practice. With digital project management becoming increasingly important in construction education, the study focused on students’ scheduling awareness, the challenges they faced in learning or applying MS Project, and their views on the effectiveness of the webinar. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with 69 usable responses from 106 final-year students involved in an Infrastructure Design Project-related learning setting. The data were analysed using SmartPLS through measurement and structural model assessments. The results showed strong reliability, internal consistency, and convergent validity in the measurement model, although some HTMT values indicated that scheduling awareness, perceived usefulness, and future industry demand were closely related. In the structural model, project scheduling awareness and the effectiveness of the webinar had a significant effect on students’ perceived usefulness of MS Project. However, learning and implementation challenges did not have a significant influence. The strongest finding was that students who found MS Project useful were also more likely to believe that digital scheduling skills would be important in the construction industry. At the same time, perceived usefulness did not significantly affect the overall webinar rating, suggesting that students’ satisfaction may also depend on factors such as delivery style, interaction, and engagement. Overall, the findings suggest that webinar-based technical exposure can help build digital construction readiness, but stronger competence requires hands-on practice, guided software activities, and closer integration with project-based learning.
Anthony Ly Dagang, Dennison Chiong
The rapid rise of social commerce platforms has significantly transformed consumer purchasing behavior, particularly through applications such as TikTok. While there are several studies towards traditional e-commerce platforms like Shopee and Lazada, this study focuses primarily on the TikTok Shop and how social factors like trends and influencer credibility influence the purchase intention of buyers. The study utilized a descriptive-correlational research design, with data collected from 342 participants through a validated, factor-analyzed, structured survey questionnaire. The findings revealed that participants rated trends, influencer credibility, technological competence and financial management highly, identifying them as prominent elements with their purchase intention in the TikTok platform environment. Correlation analysis showed that external factors, personal factors, and purchase intention were significantly related, while regression analysis revealed that both external factors and personal factors significantly influence purchase intention. The study concludes that TikTok’s interactive environment, together with users’ personal capabilities, plays a crucial role in shaping consumer purchase behavior on social commerce platforms. It is recommended that businesses and online sellers strategically leverage emerging trends and collaborate with credible influencers to strengthen consumer trust and enhance purchase intention. Future researchers are encouraged to explore other variables, such as content quality and price sensitivity, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing purchase intention among TikTok Shop users content quality and platform trust.
Louis Alozie, Nneka Chizoba Alozieuwa, Oby Modest Ogbuoka
This study analyzes the nexus between external debts and the growth of the Nigerian economy from 1993 to 2023, focusing on key macroeconomic indicators. The objectives include: (i) examining the relationship between external debts and economic growth, (ii) assessing the impact of debt servicing on growth, (iii) analyzing the effect of exchange rate fluctuations, and (iv) evaluating the influence of inflation on economic performance. The study adopts an ex-post facto research design, leveraging secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and World Development Indicators (1999–2024). The data, being time-series and publicly available, ensures reliability and eliminates human bias. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation method and the Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey (BPG) test for heteroscedasticity, the findings reveal that external debt stock (Coefficient = -0.08, p-value = 0.03) and debt servicing (Coefficient = -0.20, p-value = 0.00) negatively and significantly impact economic growth. Additionally, economic growth exhibits significant responsiveness to debt burden (Coefficient = -0.05, p-value = 0.01). The study concludes that excessive external borrowing and high debt servicing costs constrain Nigeria’s economic expansion, while exchange rate volatility and inflation further exacerbate these challenges.
Koay Huey Sian, Navaratnam Vejaratnam
This paper discusses the variables that mediate Service-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (SOOCB) with salespersons in Malaysia banking sector with regard to Empowering Leadership, Job Satisfaction and Service Climate. Since the banking industry is turning to more service-oriented and competitive, one would want to know what drives the employees to do more than their usual job description to deliver outstanding customer service. The primary goal of the study is to explore the relationships between these organisational and individual factors and voluntary service-oriented behaviours of the employees contributing to the enhancement of the quality of services and customer satisfaction. The quantitative research design was used, and 250 salespersons working in six major local banks based in Klang Valley, Malaysia were used to collect data using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire contained developed measurement scales borrowed out of past researchers. The statistical package that was used in data analysis was the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), which performed the following data analysis, descriptive, reliability, correlation, and regression analyses. The reliability scores indicated a high internal consistency in all the measurement scales where Cronbach alpha had a value of 0.928 to 0.960. The results indicate that Empowering Leadership (b 0.620, p < 0.01) and Job Satisfaction (b 0.276, p < 0.01) significantly positively affected SO-OCB. But Service Climate (b = -0.060, p < 0.01) was not significant in its prediction. These findings indicate that empowerment of employees by leaders and promotion of job satisfaction leads to increased service-oriented citizenship behaviours. Service climate by itself, however, might not have a direct effect on these behaviours in the banking sector. The research provides theoretical and practical input. It enriches the current knowledge on service and relationship marketing and offers great information to managers on how to improve service performance. Particularly, it has been pointed out that empowering leadership practices and high job satisfaction should be adopted to enhance customer service results. Lastly, the study considers some limitations and recommends future studies.
Camela Erika B. Dayonot
This study assessed the financial feasibility of selected vegetable chips businesses in San Fernando, Camarines Sur. It aimed to determine the financial profile in terms of capital, period of operation, operational costs, and sources of operating funds; evaluate financial performance in terms of sales revenue, break-even point, and profitability; examine the relationship between financial profile and performance; and propose a financial sustainability framework. A quantitative-descriptive research design was used with 13 vegetable chip owners. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and financial data based on respondents’ most recent year. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test of independence were used for interpretation. Findings showed that most businesses have limited capital and rely on personal savings. The results showed capital is significantly related to sales revenue, and labor is significantly related to both sales revenue and break-even point. This means that access to capital helps achieve higher sales, and adequate labor supports increased revenue and profitability. The study concludes that strong financial planning, cost control, and regular sales monitoring are vital for long-term financial sustainability. The CLAPS framework was developed to guide vegetable chips businesses toward improved financial sustainability and growth.
Ednalyn V. Lansangan, Roland M. Fronda
This study sought to determine the challenges and prospects of school principals in the management of school finance, specifically the Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses of public schools in the Philippines, as a basis for policy analysis and review. The respondents generally agreed that the school MOOE is being used to a great extent in terms of school operations and development (mean=4.11), as far as school operations and development, teachers’ welfare and development, and students’ welfare and development are concerned. It was found out that there is a significant difference in position, while there are no significant differences as to Educational Attainment and Length of Service when compared between ratings of respondents on MOOE utilization in terms of school operations and development when grouped according to profile. There are no significant differences according to position, educational attainment, and length of service when comparing respondents on MOOE utilization in terms of teachers’ welfare and development, and students' welfare and development. The study reveals that school principals are increasingly transitioning into administrative roles due to rising external demands, potentially distancing them from their primary roles as educational catalysts. However, this shift is balanced by a strategic commitment to the Annual Improvement Plan and the effective utilization of MOOE funds. By prioritizing the welfare of both teachers and pupils, principals ensure that resource distribution directly supports the teaching and learning process. Ultimately, these firm fiscal decisions foster a healthy school environment that remains conducive to student growth. A policy review of fiscal guidelines is recommended to reinforce the alignment between budget distribution and school-level development, ensuring that financial decisions remain learner-centered even as administrative roles evolve.
Aprell L. Abellana, Wilmo III J. Carbon
This study investigated the effects of Flipped Learning on students’ motivation towards Grade 11 science of Misamis Occidental National High School, Poblacion I, Oroquieta City, Misamis Occidental. Specifically, it aimed to: describe the students' motivation towards science when exposed to flipped learning and non-flipped learning in terms of: self-concept, intrinsic value, and utility value; and ascertain if there is a significant difference in students’ motivation when exposed to flipped learning and non-flipped learning. Two Grade 11 sections of Misamis Occidental National High School or MONHS served as participants. Students’ motivation were assessed through descriptive statistics. An independent t-test was used to ascertain the significant differences in students’ motivation toward science learning. The findings of the study revealed that on students' motivation towards science learning, both groups were identified as "moderately motivated". Intrinsic value obtained the highest mean among the three-motivation indicators. As a result, there was no significant difference between students’ motivation towards science learning under flipped learning.
Ayogu, Chiebonam Justina, Nnadi, Onyinyechi Ifeanyi, Onyenekwe, Chinasa Sylvia, Onyia, C. C
This study critically examines the structure, dynamics, and outcomes of forest governance in Nigeria, with a focus on the limitations of its centralised institutional framework. The study adopts a narrative review research design, drawing on a systematically selected body of literature published primarily between 2000 and 2025. Relevant studies were identified through major academic databases (Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and JSTOR) using defined keyword combinations. A purposive sampling approach guided the inclusion of peer-reviewed articles, policy documents, and empirical case studies that address governance structures, implementation processes, and livelihood implications in Nigeria and comparable contexts. The final sample comprised studies that met explicit inclusion criteria for institutional analysis, community participation, and conservation outcomes. Findings reveal that forest governance in Nigeria is predominantly centralised and top-down, characterised by weak intergovernmental coordination, limited enforcement capacity at the federal level, and discretionary implementation by states. Empirical evidence consistently shows that exclusion of local communities from decision-making undermines compliance, fuels resource-use conflicts and sustains illegal activities such as logging and poaching. While some conservation gains are reported, particularly in protected areas like Cross River National Park, these are offset by adverse livelihood outcomes, including restricted access to forest resources, income loss, and heightened rural poverty. The review also identifies significant gaps in the literature, including limited comparative analyses, overreliance on qualitative case studies, and insufficient longitudinal data to establish causal relationships. The study concludes that the effectiveness of forest governance in Nigeria is contingent on institutional legitimacy, accountability, and the integration of local livelihood needs. It recommends a transition towards inclusive and adaptive governance models that recognise customary rights, strengthen multi-level coordination, and promote participatory forest management for sustainable environmental and socio-economic outcomes.
Akujuobi, G. C., Obeta. A. O.
The growing demand for safe, effective, and eco-friendly skincare alternatives has spurred interest in plant-based formulations. Noni (Morinda citrifolia) and Lemon (Citrus limon) possess documented bioactive properties beneficial for skin health, but their combined application in soap remains underexplored. This study aimed to formulate, characterize, and evaluate herbal soaps from Noni extract and Lemon juice to determine their suitability as natural skincare products. Three soap batches were produced via cold-process saponification with varying Noni:Lemon ratios (N90/L10, N80/L20, N70/L30). Physicochemical properties (pH, moisture content, total fatty matter, foam stability) and antimicrobial efficacy (against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were assessed using standard laboratory protocols. A controlled laboratory experiment coupled with a consumer trial involving 30 adult consumers was conducted, while 28 dermatologists provided independent expert assessments of skin compatibility and product safety. All formulations met standard quality benchmarks. The N80/L20 soap demonstrated superior broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, with the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values. Consumer evaluation revealed the N80/L20 formulation as optimal, receiving the highest scores for gentleness (4.2/5), moisture retention (4.4/5), and overall skin compatibility (4.4/5). It was the most preferred for long-term use (70%) and generated the fewest adverse skin reactions. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference in suitability between formulations (Repeated Measures ANOVA, F=9.87, p=0.0002), with N80/L20 being significantly superior. The 80:20 ratio of Noni to Lemon juice produces a soap with an ideal balance of antimicrobial potency, skin-friendliness, and user acceptance. This study validates the synergistic potential of these botanicals, offering a promising, natural, and multifunctional alternative to conventional skincare cleansers.
Fuhad Amed Mohamed Bangura, Musa Jalloh
Workplace counseling services, particularly Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs), are widely used to support employee mental health, yet persistently low utilization rates indicate that service availability alone does not ensure engagement. These limitations are intensified in hybrid work environments, where reduced physical co-presence weakens the detection of informal signals and increases reliance on employees' self-recognition of psychological strain. Existing counseling systems, therefore, remain predominantly reactive and crisis-triggered. This article develops the Continuum of Proactive Counseling Engagement (COPCE) framework to reconceptualize workplace counseling as a staged engagement architecture embedded in organizational climate. Using an integrative conceptual synthesis of literature on workplace counseling utilization, psychosocial safety climate, organizational help-seeking behavior, and hybrid work design, the study identifies three structural engagement gaps: temporal, modality, and climate gaps that constrain counseling access. The COPCE framework integrates early signal detection mechanisms, multi-channel access pathways, staged intervention structures, and psychosocial safety climate feedback processes into a unified engagement continuum. The framework provides a theoretically grounded basis for redesigning workplace counseling systems. It offers testable propositions for future research on engagement timing, modality alignment, and the effects of organizational climate on counseling utilization.
Dr. Navya V, Mr. Abhilash Nair
The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented disruption in the global hospitality industry, leading to severe declines in revenue, profitability and operational stability. The study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent revival of revenue streams at Radisson Blu Atria, Bangalore, with the objective of evaluating its financial performance and operational resilience across the pre-COVID, COVID impacted, and post-COVID recovery phases. The study adopts a quantitative, descriptive and analytical research design based entirely on secondary data collected from consolidated financial statements, including income statements, balance sheets and cash flow statements for the period 2017–18 to 2023–24. Financial performance was assessed using ratio analysis, comparative financial statement analysis, trend analysis and statistical testing through Welch’s t-test to examine differences in performance across periods. Key indicators such as revenue growth, EBIT margin, liquidity ratios, operating cash flows and revenue structure were analyzed to understand the extent of disruption and recovery. The study concludes that strategic cost control, revenue diversification and operational adaptability played a crucial role in strengthening financial resilience and ensuring long-term sustainability in the post-pandemic hospitality landscape.
Wynand Goosen
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded within organisational decision-making processes, transforming how information is generated, analysed, and interpreted. While traditional leadership theories assume that strategic authority rests primarily on human cognition and managerial judgment, the growing integration of intelligent systems creates hybrid environments in which organisational decisions emerge through interactions between human expertise and machine intelligence. This shift challenges conventional understandings of leadership authority and raises important questions about how executives govern AI-enabled decision systems.
Azlina Mohd Hussain, Muhammad Danial Suzaili, Muhammad Nabil Mohd Adam Malek, Nor Syamaliah Binti Ngah, Norazlin Abd Aziz
The rapid growth in the use of electronic devices among youth has contributed to a significant increase in electronic waste (e-waste), posing serious environmental and public health challenges. In Malaysia, youth aged 15 to 40 years represent a major segment of technology users; however, their participation in formal e-waste management practices remains relatively low. This study, titled E-Waste Management Among Youth in Malaysia, aims to examine the factors influencing pro environmental behavior among Malaysian youth, with a specific focus on knowledge of formal e-waste management programs, recycling practices, and the convenience of recycling infrastructure and services. Guided by Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), the study adopts a quantitative, cross-sectional research design. Data are collected through a structured online questionnaire distributed to 384 respondents using a convenience sampling method. Pearson correlation analysis is employed to examine the relationships between the independent variables and pro environmental behavior as the dependent variable. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights into how cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors interact to influence youth participation in proper e-waste management. The results may assist policymakers, government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and businesses in developing targeted strategies, educational programs, and accessible recycling infrastructure to enhance youth engagement in formal e-waste recycling. Ultimately, this study supports Malaysia’s environmental sustainability efforts, contributes to the advancement of a circular economy, and aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 12 on responsible consumption and production.
Ayasal Anthony Auya, Ekaette, Glory Edem, Ugonna Obi-Emeruwa
This study investigated the role of metaverse-based learning (MBL) in translating entrepreneurial intentions (EI) into actual venture creation (AVC), with a focus on developing economies. The aim was to explore how immersive digital environments foster entrepreneurial competencies and address the intention-action gap, while considering the moderating effects of contextual factors such as financial resources, infrastructure, and socio-cultural support. Adopting a quantitative research methodology, the study employed a cross-sectional survey design and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to analyse data from 350 university students and early-stage entrepreneurs engaged in metaverse-based programs. The findings indicate that there is a strong and positive connection between metaverse-based learning (MBL) and entrepreneurial intention (EI). Additionally, entrepreneurial intention plays a mediating role in the relationship between MBL and actual venture creation (AVC), meaning that EI serves as a critical pathway through which MBL influences AVC. The study also highlighted that contextual factor, such as supportive environments or ecosystems, further enhances the relationship between EI and AVC. This underscores the importance of fostering environments that encourage and nurture entrepreneurial endeavours to strengthen their potential impact on venture creation. The study underscored the transformative potential of MBL in enhancing entrepreneurial self-efficacy and readiness, while emphasising the need to address systemic barriers. The study recommends that expansion of digital infrastructure, integrating contextual factors into MBL design, provide financial support mechanisms, fostering mentorship networks, and establish inclusive policies. These insights contribute to theoretical advancements in entrepreneurship and experiential learning, offering practical strategies for leveraging the metaverse to drive sustainable economic growth in resource-constrained settings.
Narina A. Samah, Yew Siau Lee, Yong Lai Tee
Co-curricular activities play an important role in supporting holistic student development, yet their educational value is often underrepresented in empirical research. In Malaysian schools, music-based co-curricular programmes such as brass bands are commonly evaluated through performance outcomes rather than through their contribution to students’ identity formation, discipline, and sense of belonging. This study aims to profile how sustained participation in a Malaysian secondary school brass band functions as an educational practice that shapes students’ personal and social development. Adopting a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, rehearsal observations, and reflective field notes involving students who had participated in the brass band for at least one academic year. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring patterns related to identity development, disciplined practice, and social belonging. The findings reveal that brass band participation contributes to (a) the construction of positive student identity beyond academic achievement, (b) the internalisation of discipline through collective responsibility, and (c) the development of strong peer belonging and emotional support. This study highlights the pedagogical significance of co-curricular music programmes and supports their recognition as meaningful spaces for human-centred education. The findings provide practical insights for school leaders and educators seeking to strengthen holistic learning through structured co-curricular engagement.
Achmanto Mendatu, Hanan Nugroho, Muhyiddin Muhyiddin, Usamah Widiatmoko
Indonesia’s nickel sector has undergone a rapid structural transformation following the implementation of downstream industrial policies, shifting from a primary exporter of raw materials to a major global hub for nickel processing. While this transition has significantly expanded domestic value addition and strengthened Indonesia’s position in global supply chains, its long-term developmental implications remain contested. This paper examines Indonesia’s position within the global nickel value chain through the lens of industrial upgrading and structural dependency. Drawing on the global value chain framework, the study argues that Indonesia’s upgrading trajectory remains incomplete and uneven, characterized by concentration in upstream and midstream activities, continued reliance on foreign technology, and vulnerability to critical input dependencies. The findings suggest that rather than following a linear progression toward higher-value activities, resource-based industrialization may become locked in an intermediate stage of “midstream entrapment,” in which industrial expansion does not translate into technological autonomy or innovation capacity. The paper contributes to the literature by refining the concept of industrial upgrading in resource-rich economies and highlighting the structural constraints that shape their development pathways. Policy implications emphasize the need for deliberate capability-building strategies, including technological learning, domestic innovation, and stronger industrial linkages, to enable a transition from resource-driven growth toward sustainable, innovation-led development.
Normaziana binti Hassan, Shuhaila Md Shahid, Zaidi Yusof
The Malaysian batik industry has long depended on wax resist techniques, yet environmental, health, and technical challenges have encouraged the search for safer alternatives. A major breakthrough came in 2020 with the introduction of batik tanah liat (clay resist batik) by Kraftangan Malaysia, providing an eco-friendly and cost-effective substitute for wax. Between 2020 and 2025, Clay Resist Batik advanced from experimentation to wider adoption through training programs, entrepreneurship, and retail development. This study explores the localized adaptation of clay resist techniques through the Batik Merbok initiative in Kampung Hilir, Merbok, Yan, Kedah. Villagers collaborated in a community-based effort to develop motifs such as mangroves, paddy stalks, zebra doves, Sanskrit inscriptions, and architectural forms, enriching the artistic repertoire of batik while reinforcing Merbok’s cultural identity. The initiative highlights community-based collaboration, with villagers contributing to motif development, workshops, and knowledge exchange. This collaborative model supports intergenerational skill transmission, strengthens artisan agency, and ensures that creative outcomes remain locally grounded. Using qualitative and practice-based methods, this study analyses technical processes, material constraints, and design outcomes. Despite challenges related to dye adhesion and colourfastness, Clay Resist Batik incorporating localized motifs demonstrates strong potential as a heritage-rooted innovation capable of sustaining cultural continuity and creative livelihoods.
Hazel Mubango, Sitole Stanely, Thandiwe Sitole
This study investigated gender mainstreaming in recruitment and selection processes within Zimbabwe’s manufacturing agricultural sector. The study used the intersectionality theory that recognises how gender bias interacts with other social identities. Adopting a positivist research philosophy, a quantitative research approach was employed. From a population of 512, stratified sampling and simple random sampling methods were used to select a sample size of 473 employees. A 15-item questionnaire measuring gender mainstreaming practices, challenges, and recruitment effectiveness was used to collect data. Data were analysed using SPSS Version 30, employing descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Results revealed that gender mainstreaming positively and significantly affects recruitment and selection effectiveness, while organisational, structural, and cultural barriers exert a negative significant effect. Findings underscored the necessity of moving beyond policy existence to active implementation of standardised competency-based selection, gender-balanced interview panels, mandatory unconscious bias training, and accountability mechanisms linking managerial performance to diverse business outcomes.
Mengyuan Cui, Qimeng Song, Tian He, Ying Guo, Yu Sun
Yimengshan UNESCO Global Geopark, located in Shandong Province, China, possesses globally significant geoheritage resources including complete Archean basement rock series recording North China Craton evolution, the first-discovered kimberlite-hosted diamond deposit in China, and the type locality of the Daigu landform. This study conducts a spatial SWOT analysis to assess geo-tourism development across the geopark's five sub parks and their constituent scenic areas, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats at the unit level. The analysis reveals pronounced spatial heterogeneity in both resource endowment and tourism development maturity. While world-class geological assets exist, their interpretation remains fragmented across administrative boundaries, lacking a coherent park-wide framework. Tourism offerings are predominantly conventional sightseeing models with limited interpretive engagement, resulting in insufficient visitor participation and revenue generation from value-added services. Strategic opportunities include developing interactive educational programs such as diamond appraisal workshops and geological field courses, creating thematic geo-trails linking related features across districts, and integrating geo-interpretation with existing infrastructure. Key threats requiring management include environmental pressures on sensitive geoheritage sites, climate vulnerability affecting water-dependent attractions, and tensions between conservation imperatives and commercialization pressures. The findings demonstrate that future geo-tourism development hinges on transitioning from a collection of disparate scenic areas with isolated attractions to an integrated geoheritage destination. This requires coherent interpretive frameworks communicating regional geological evolution, diversified product offerings beyond conventional sightseeing, and sustainable visitor management practices balancing conservation with engagement. By addressing these challenges, the geopark can fulfill its UNESCO mandate for earth heritage conservation and sustainable development while positioning itself as a premier destination for geotourism and geo-education.
Faidzulaini Muhammad, Wan Maryam Jameelah Wan Alias, Zulkiffly Baharom
This narrative review synthesizes 56 empirical studies from 2008 to 2025 to critically analyze the interconnections among governance, risk management, and financial sustainability in Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). Effective governance depends on smooth coordination between conventional corporate boards and Shariah Supervisory Boards (SSBs). The quality of governance, covering Board of Directors (BOD) independence, director expertise, committee structures, SSB qualifications, and strict compliance, directly boosts financial sustainability and indirectly does so by improving risk management. IFIs contend with a mixed risk profile that includes traditional risks (credit, liquidity) and Shariah-specific exposures (non-compliance, displaced commercial risk), which are often under-managed due to a lack of standardized indicators and costly hedging options. Financial sustainability goes beyond profit metrics (ROA, ROE) to include consistent Shariah compliance, stakeholder trust, and operational resilience. Despite advancements, gaps remain: a shortage of longitudinal studies, limited qualitative analysis of SSB processes, and overdependence on traditional metrics. This review offers an integrated framework with risk management as a mediator, expands Agency theory to a three-party monitoring system (shareholders, managers, SSBs), and suggests key areas for regulators, boards, and researchers.
Adekanmi Dare OYEDELE
Housing affordability remains a major socio-economic challenge for workers in Lagos State, Nigeria, despite government interventions through various housing policies and programmes. Rapid urbanisation, escalating land and construction costs, stagnant incomes, and weak policy implementation continue to restrict access to decent and affordable housing, especially for low- and middle-income public sector workers. This study empirically examines the effectiveness of government housing policies in addressing housing affordability, focusing on whether these policies translate into tangible affordable housing outcomes. It also explores workers’ perceptions of policy effectiveness, the affordability of government-backed housing schemes, the role of housing finance systems, and broader implications for quality of life. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, targeting employees across key housing- and finance-related ministries, departments, and parastatals. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered through a multi-stage sampling technique. The instrument was validated for content and reliability, and data analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics to identify patterns and assess relationships. Findings indicate that respondents widely perceive government housing policies as largely ineffective. Housing schemes are often unaffordable relative to income levels, exceeding global affordability benchmarks. Housing finance systems were viewed with mixed confidence, reflecting limited access to mortgages, rigid repayment conditions, and ineffective government-backed financing. The study concludes that government housing policies in Lagos State have failed to achieve intended affordability outcomes due to persistent affordability gaps, weak finance mechanisms, and governance challenges. Recommendations include comprehensive housing finance reforms, enforcement of income-based affordability standards, improved transparency and accountability in policy execution, and integration of housing with essential infrastructure.
Ifeanyi, Christian Nworji, Jesusanlu, Oluwashegun Peter
Title: Green Human Resource Management and Governance Performance: Empirical Evidence from Maritime Companies. Objectives: This study empirically investigated the relationship between three dimensions of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM)—Green Recruitment, Green Performance Management, and Green Reward—and the governance performance (accountability, transparency, ethical compliance) of maritime companies, addressing a significant gap in the ESG literature. Methodology: Adopting a cross-sectional design, quantitative data was collected via a structured questionnaire administered to 360 seafarers across 24 maritime firms in Rivers State. The reliability of the instrument was validated (Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.79). Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings: The path analysis revealed statistically significant, positive relationships between all GHRM dimensions and governance performance. Green Performance Management demonstrated the strongest predictive effect (β = 0.564), followed by Green Reward (β = 0.202) and Green Recruitment (β = 0.161). Descriptive statistics indicated a moderate implementation level of these practices across the sector. Implication: The findings provide novel empirical evidence that strategically implemented GHRM practices are a critical mechanism for enhancing corporate governance within the maritime industry. This establishes HR systems as a direct conduit for operationalizing governance principles, moving beyond compliance to embed ethical culture and accountability. Recommendation: To strengthen governance outcomes, maritime companies should formally institutionalize GHRM. This requires integrating explicit governance metrics into performance appraisals, linking reward systems to ethical and compliance achievements, and ensuring recruitment processes prioritize sustainability values alongside technical competencies.
Dr. Vijayakumar Thota, Satish, Sevanth S.V, Shruti Saha
The growing importance of environmental sustainability has revolutionised the operation of various businesses and consumer behaviour and the decision making process of purchasing. The study investigates the impact which green marketing practices introduced by Indian companies have on corporate financial performance and the mediating effect of consumer behaviour in green marketing practices on corporate financial performance and purchasing behaviour of Indians. Additionally, the model introduces the possibility of environmental consciousness as a moderator, where environmental consciousness plays a role of influence to examine whether, how and on how consumer degree of ecological awareness affects the indirect pipeline between the path of green marketing to firm-level financial performance. Utilising both primary survey data from 320 respondents across large cities in India and secondary data collected from published corporate sustainability reports, industry databases, as well peer-reviewed academic literature, the study uses Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) framework and PROCESS macro (Model 14) for moderated mediation analysis. Thus, the impact of green marketing practices on consumer buying behaviour is substantial, which is then linked to better corporate financial performance. The indirect effect of green marketing on financial performance through consumer behaviour is greater when consumers demonstrate increased environmental consciousness. The findings highlight awareness-building as a key strategic lever for companies interested in scaling the effectiveness of green investments through tangible business outcomes. This study adds to the growing sustainability marketing literature, especially in the context of India, an emerging market where green consumerism is still maturing. These are discussed in terms of what is to be implemented for marketers, corporate strategists and policymakers involved with sustainable economic development. Green Marketing, Consumer Buying Behaviour, Corporate Financial Performance, Moderated Mediation, Environmental Awareness, India, Sustainability, SEM.
kudalli, Oluakintajuwa
This study investigated healthcare professionals’ perceptions, anxieties, and concerns regarding the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in human resources (HR) practices and examined their influence on HR practices in healthcare institutions across South-Western Nigeria. A quantitative survey design was adopted, and data were collected from 600 healthcare professionals drawn equally from Lagos, Oyo, Ogun, Osun, Ondo, and Ekiti States. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. Demographic results showed that 53.0% of respondents were female, 40.0% were aged 41–50 years, and 77.0% had over 11 years of work experience, while 51.3% possessed a bachelor’s degree in healthcare. Correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between healthcare professionals’ perceptions and HR practices (r = .453, p < .05), anxieties and HR practices (r = .687, p < .05), and concerns and HR practices (r = .374, p < .05). Multiple regression results indicated a strong joint effect of healthcare professionals’ perceptions, anxieties, and concerns on HR practices (R = .699, R² = .489, p < .05), explaining approximately 49% of the variance. Anxiety emerged as the strongest predictor (β = .630), followed by healthcare professionals’ perceptions (β = .195) and concerns (β = .088). The study concludes that AI adoption significantly influences HR practices in healthcare institutions, with healthcare professionals’ anxieties playing a critical role. The study recommends targeted training, awareness programmes, and supportive policies to reduce anxieties and enhance effective AI integration in healthcare HR systems.
Muhammad Ghafoor Ahmadi
This study looks at how McDonald’s hybrid organizational structure combining global standardization with local responsiveness affects customer perceptions and satisfaction across different cultural markets. As multinational firms grow, understanding how customers view these structural decisions becoming more important, not just how they affect internal efficiency or profits. This study examines whether customers notice and value how a firm is organized, a viewpoint that is generally absent in existing literature, which concentrates on internal efficiency and financial performance while ignoring customer perspectives. This study fills three gaps: a lack of customer perception studies, a Western bias in previous research, and limited focus on experiential outcomes. To explore this, the study used a mixed-method approach, combining primary survey data from 133 international students with secondary sources such as McDonald’s annual reports and peer-reviewed case studies. Quantitative analyses, including correlation and regression, tested four hypotheses examining relationships between perceived structural elements and customer satisfaction. The findings reveal that perceived hybrid structure significantly predicts customer satisfaction and confirming that customers recognize and value the balance between global consistency and local flexibility. While decentralization and branding balance showed positive connection with satisfaction. Additionally, descriptive results emphasized that customers especially appreciate technology, localization, and global branding as key structural strengths. The study contributes to both theory and practice by shifting focus from internal operations to customer experience. Practically, it suggests that global firms should treat organizational structure as a visible strategic factor that shapes customer trust and loyalty, not merely an internal coordination mechanism. This customer-centered approach may help firms improve satisfaction across diverse cultural markets and strengthen long-term brand success.
Abdul Hakim Md Yusop, Azlineer Sarip, Faizah Mohd Fakhruddin, Irmawati Norazman, Nor Amira Syairah Zulkarnaini, Noraini Rusbadrol, Roziana Shaari
Integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles into business strategies has gained significant momentum as organizations respond to increasing demands for sustainability, ethical conduct, and social responsibility. Human Resource Management (HRM) is increasingly recognized as a critical enabler in embedding ESG values within organizational practices by fostering a supportive culture, engaging employees, and aligning workforce strategies with sustainability objectives. This systematic literature review (SLR) synthesizes findings from 216 peer-reviewed studies to explore HR's role in driving ESG implementation. The review highlights HR's significant contributions, including promoting diversity and inclusion, delivering sustainability-focused training, and embedding ethical governance practices. Additionally, it identifies emerging trends, such as integrating ESG indicators into HR functions like recruitment, performance management, and leadership development. However, the study also reveals gaps in the literature, including the absence of standardized ESG frameworks for HR, limited empirical data on implementation outcomes, and challenges such as resource constraints and organizational resistance. This paper concludes by proposing future research directions, including developing comprehensive ESG-HR frameworks, industry-specific studies, and applying digital tools to enhance ESG alignment. By consolidating current insights, this review underscores the critical role of HR in advancing ESG strategies and contributing to sustainable organizational success in Malaysia.
ONASANYA, Opeyemi Ph.D.
Numerous are the Human Resource Management Functions/ Principles in an organization, they include Human Resource Planning, Recruitment and Selection, Performance Management, Training and Development, Career Progression/ Succession Plan, Performance Evaluation, Compensation and Benefit, Reward and Recognition, Policy Formulation, Industrial Relation, Health and safety, Employee wellbeing and Administrative responsibility. All of these functions put together translates into a culture for an organization.
Ben Udoh Ph.D, Illediagu Ebere Jennifer Ph.D, Joseph Ikechukwu Attamah Ph.D, Maxwell Maduabulochukwu Ofili, Nwankwo Ndubuisi Uzoije Ph.D, Prof. Emmanuel Kalu Agbaeze
The Igbo Apprenticeship Scheme is an ancient business training scheme in South East Nigeria. It is founded on practical learning, trust and mentorship. The youngsters are taught trade skills by the elderly business owners and are given a start-up aid on termination of training. This system has seen the growth of many small businesses in the region. This paper is an analysis of the Igbo Apprenticeship Scheme and how it contributes to the development of entrepreneurs. It targets transfer of skills, business survival and wealth creation among the young entrepreneurs. The research takes a mixed-method approach. The former apprentices and masters, who had served in few states in South East Nigeria, participated in the survey. The real business experiences, challenges, and results were captured through interviews. The results were interpreted using descriptive analysis and thematic review. The results indicate that the scheme enhances effective business competencies, discipline, and awareness of risks. The settlement enabled most of the beneficiaries to own small businesses. Close mentoring relations between the mentors and apprentices promoted business continuity and community reactions. Poor access to finance and limited formal education were still the major challenges. Informal apprenticeship systems are found to enhance the development of enterprises in the study. This model can be adjusted by business managers and policymakers to train the youth, manage succession and inclusive growth. The results can be enhanced by correlating the scheme with formal training and financial assistance.
Aris Mardiyono, Gita Sugiyarti, Low Mei Ping, Wikasari
This community service program aims to improve the marketing performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through the optimization of digital marketing and content marketing strategies. The program was conducted in February 2026 in the assisted village of Batik Tapak Dara, Meteseh Village, Tembalang District, Semarang City, involving 30 MSME participants in the batik sector. The methods included problem identification, socialization, training, mentoring, and evaluation using pre-test and post-test approaches. The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ understanding and skills, particularly in digital marketing (increase of 38%), social media utilization (36%), content marketing capability (39%), and product branding (37%). Statistical analysis using a paired sample t-test indicated a significant difference before and after the training (p < 0.05), confirming the effectiveness of the program. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed that both digital marketing and content marketing have a positive and significant effect on marketing performance. The program also contributed to increased customer engagement, broader market reach, and higher sales potential. Therefore, the integration of digital marketing and content marketing can be considered an effective strategy to enhance MSME marketing performance.
Olubunmi Adebisi Akintayo, Saliu Mojeed Olanrewaju
This research work investigates the dynamic and long-run relationships among institutional quality, innovation diffusion and income inequality in Nigeria and South Africa using annual time series data. In order to take care of the gradual structural shifts embedded in developing and emerging economies, this study incorporates the Fourier unit root test and Fourier Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (FARDL) techniques, which give room for smooth and unknown structural breaks. The Fourier unit root results confirm cross-country heterogeneity in the stationary properties of the series and reveal the importance of modelling gradual structural transitions in inequality dynamics. The short-run FARDL results reveal that enhancements in institutional quality reinforce income inequality in both countries, which implies uneven distribution of early institutional gains. Innovation diffusion reveals varying effects, worsening income inequality in Nigeria and reducing inequality in South Africa. Government expenditure on infrastructure and GDP per capita exhibit weak and statistically insignificant short-run impacts on income inequality. In the long-run, institutional quality maintains positive relationship with income inequality in both countries. While innovation diffusion keeps increasing inequality in Nigeria, innovation continues to impact a persistent equalising effect in South Africa. The Significance of the Fourier terms in both economies stresses the influence of smooth structural transitions in moulding inequality outcomes. Generally, the findings in the study substantiate the importance of inclusive institutional reforms and broad-based innovation diffusion in tackling income inequality in African economies
Nessy Parfiles Sales
This study aims to assess the institutional readiness of CDRRMO Naga under RA10121 using the disaster preparedness manual issued by DILG as reference. Using a mixed-method approach, the study was conducted into three phases: observation, in-depth interview, and survey. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, thematic analysis for the interview transcript, and finally, the triangulation of results from the three methods. Given the unique structure of the DRRM in Naga, PSO was also included in the in-depth interview and survey. Results of the study revealed that CDRRMO Naga is in partial compliance with the requirements under RA10121. Gaps and challenges were identified particularly in reference to resources (lack of manpower and equipments) resulting to underutilization of the department. Results further mentioned that this lack in resources is brought by the lack of prioritization of the administration resulting to the equipment acquisition failure. However, despite the lack in resources, this is augmented by collaboration and coordination with other departments and agencies. However, this often results, in the overlapping of roles and fragmented responsibilities which results to inefficiency in performance. This study further recommends the conduct of institutional reorganization or restructuring which involves resource maximation and prioritization, and clarification of operational roles. Moreover, investment in technology and innovation should also be considered.
Emmanuel Achori, Janet Adejoke Adegoke, Lateef Kolawole Fijabi, Rasheed Oparinde Lasisi
This study explored the relationship between inventory management practices and the financial performance of listed cement companies in Nigeria. Data for the analysis were obtained from the published annual reports and accounts of the sampled listed Nigerian cement companies from 2015 to 2024 (10 years). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (multiple regression). Inventory management practices were proxied by inventory turnover ratio (ITR), inventory holding period (IHP), inventory-to-sales ratio (ISR), and inventory-to-asset ratio (IAR). Financial metrics are proxied by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Inventory management practices had a positive and significant effect on ROA. Inventory management practice had a positive and significant effect on ROE. The study advised industry managers to adopt Inventory management practices that align with current technology to remain profitable. Inventory is very germane in the manufacturing industry; it should be accorded critical attention for the sustainability of business.
LD Kayani
The primary aim of the current study is to examine whether job characteristics and task performance of public sector employees in Sri Lanka's Western Province are mediated by employee work engagement. A quantitative research design was used in the study and data were collected using structured questionnaire from public sector employees by using stratified random sample. Reliability testing, correlation, multiple regression, moderation analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used in the analysis of 361 valid responses using SPSS Version 25. The results showed that employee task performance is much improved by both job characteristics and work engagement. Additionally, the association between job characteristic and employee task performance is partially mediated by work engagement. As a result, job characteristics have an impact on employees' task performance both directly and indirectly through work engagement. As a result, each effect is considerable. According to the current study's findings in order to sustain and improve employee task performance, public sector organizations must adopt tactics that foster both job characteristic and work engagement. The findings support the job demand resources theory and the job characteristic theory, which contend that employees are more engaged at work and perform better on tasks when they have more interesting and fulfilling employment.
Anthony Ly B. Dagang, Saga Mae P. Cultura
Cooperatives have become part of how communities grow. However, a significant number of eligible employees remain non-members. This descriptive-correlational study addressed the gap by examining the factors that make membership in an institutionalized closed-type cooperative in Cagayan de Oro City attractive to employees. The main problem addressed was whether economic, social, and organizational factors influence employees’ decision to join and stay in the cooperative. A validated survey questionnaire was tested for reliability using confirmatory factor analysis. It was administered to one-hundred thirty-two (132) participants in a government agency. Results showed that organizational and economic factors play the biggest role in shaping membership attractiveness. Participants rated highly transparency in fund use, responsiveness to member concerns, and efficiency in service delivery. Economic programs including emergency loans, savings schemes, and dividends were seen as important benefits. In contrast, social factors such as camaraderie and participation in activities received moderate ratings, suggesting that they are expected. Regression analysis confirmed that organizational and economic factors significantly influence membership attractiveness, while social factors do not significantly influence. This means improving governance, service systems, and financial programs are the most effective ways to attract and retain members. Based on the findings, it is recommended for the cooperative to strengthen governance transparency and expand financial services. Moreover, there is a need for social activities to be improved to foster inclusivity and stronger sense of community. For future researchers, it is recommended to examine additional factors that could influence membership attractiveness. Additionally, to conduct longitudinal studies and use mixed-method approaches with advanced tools to track changes in membership attractiveness.
Geracel Grace D. Damgo, Jionery D. Daños Jr, Jubillee Rose B. Upod, Racso C. Daliva
This study investigated the relationship between the leadership roles of school heads and school performance of public and private elementary schools in the Division of Capiz, District of Pontevedra. Using descriptive, causal-comparative, and correlational designs, data were collected from 133 randomly selected teachers using a validated and reliable researcher-made instrument. Statistical analyses included mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Spearman rho. Findings indicated that school heads exercise leadership roles specifically in instructional supervision, professional development, resource management, and promoting parental involvement to a very great extent. School performance, measured through pupils' reading and numeracy proficiency, and teachers and school heads performance, was consistently highly proficient and outstanding, respectively. While significant differences in school performance emerged when schools were grouped by location, type, and size, no significant differences were found in leadership roles based on these demographics. No significant relationship was found between school heads' leadership roles and overall school performance, suggesting that other contextual factors may influence performance outcomes. The study recommends that school heads prioritize fostering a learning culture through mentorship and advanced professional development to further enhance institutional effectiveness.
Adebanwa Edith Iferunwa, Dr Adebanwa Ayowole Abayomi, Fatumo Joseph Babatunde
This paper examined leadership styles and teachers’ productivity in selected secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria through a descriptive survey research design. The sample size consisted of 200 government secondary school teachers from Lagos Education District V. Five research questions were analyzed using simple percentages, while hypotheses were tested using Pearson correlation analysis. Using the Cronbach Alpha, the reliability test showed a value of 0.74. Hence, the findings revealed a strong preference for leadership styles that inspire, motivate, and foster a positive mindset. Effective team building, collaboration with colleagues, and enhancing team dynamics have significant and positive effect on teachers’ productivity. We concluded that leadership styles that promote job satisfaction, creativity, focus on team needs, and clear communication are crucial for enhancing productivity among teachers. Thus, we recommended that school administrators should adopt leadership styles that inspire, motivate, and foster a positive mindset among teachers in order to enhance their performance.
Castine Dane G. Saquing, Clifford Allen James A. Nullada, Diane M. Olavidez, Jairuce Celine L. Agustin, Princess Luisa Micaela C. Florendo, Zameya Kryzel T. Bongtiwon
Businesses play an important role in the growth of communities and the economy, with large and formal enterprises often receiving the most recognition. However, small-scale and informal businesses, particularly street food vending, play an equally vital role by providing accessible livelihood opportunities for individuals with limited access to formal employment. Despite this importance, street food vendors face persistent challenges such as financial vulnerability, operational difficulties, restrictive regulation, and their contributions often remain unrecognized, leaving them vulnerable to exclusion and neglect. Therefore, this study seeks to assess the level of adaptability of street food vendors to challenges and their perceived level of effectiveness of coping mechanisms that will provide insights to guide government interventions towards protecting their livelihood and promoting inclusive urban development. A descriptive design was employed, using data collected from 40 street food vendors in Bayombong and Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. Surveys were administered through a structured questionnaire using a 4-point Likert scale and an open ended question, with data analyzed through mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage, while qualitative responses were reviewed thematically to support numerical findings. Findings reveal that street food vendors demonstrate a high level of adaptability, particularly in managing financial strain, addressing operational issues, complying with regulations, and balancing family or interpersonal responsibilities. Their coping strategies such as emotional resilience, adaptation to regulation, and operational adaptation were generally perceived as highly effective. However, despite their resourcefulness and adaptability, many of these mechanisms tend to be short-term and insufficient for ensuring long-term stability. This underscores the need for structural and systemic government support, including the establishment of designated vending areas, provision of financial assistance, skills development programs, and the implementation of fair and inclusive regulatory policies. Strengthening these support mechanisms will enhance the resilience, sustainability, and overall welfare of street food vendors while contributing to inclusive urban development.
Alain Martin N. Kofele, Mbome Matilda Kibende
Intrapreneurship, the pursuit of entrepreneurial initiatives within established organizations, is a vital yet underexplored driver of innovation and sustainable development. This study examines how intrapreneurial strategies in Kenya contribute to achieving select Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); decent work and economic growth (Goal 8), Industry and Innovation (Goal 9), Affordable Clean Energy (Goal 7), and Climate action (Goal 13); in alignment with Kenya's Vision 2030. Using a desk review methodology, the paper synthesizes secondary data from academic literature, corporate sustainability reports, national policy frameworks, and SDG progress reports (2015–2024). Furthermore, drawing on organizational innovation theory, the analysis highlights how firms like Safaricom and KCB leverage intrapreneurial projects, such as mobile-based financial inclusion platforms and renewable energy pilots, to address development priorities like youth employment and climate resilience. Findings reveal, that intrapreneurship offers a scalable pathway for embedding sustainability in business models, though its potential remains constrained by limited policy incentives. In the light of this, the paper proposes a framework for enhancing intrapreneurial ecosystems through policy reform, leadership commitment, and cross-sector collaboration. More so, these insights hold implications for advancing inclusive development in Kenya and other emerging economies by 2030.
Ahmad Faiz Azizi Ahmad Fauzi, Kherun Nita Ali, Muhammad Yusuf Nordin
This study presents a systematic and bibliometric review exploring how Virtual Reality (VR) enhances Construction Design Management (CDM) through improved visualization, collaboration, and safety integration. Using the Web of Science Core Collection as the primary database, 59 peer-reviewed publications from 1999 to 2025 were analyzed using VOSviewer for keyword co-occurrence, author and journal co-citation, and document clustering to map the intellectual and thematic structure of VR-CDM research. The analysis reveals that global interest in VR applications within CDM has accelerated significantly since 2017, driven by the industry’s digital transformation under Construction 4.0. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Italy dominate the research landscape, while developing nations, including Malaysia, remain underrepresented. Four dominant research clusters were identified: (1) design visualization and collaborative review, (2) BIM–VR integration, (3) safety management and training, and (4) human–technology interaction. The findings underscore VR’s transformative potential in supporting safe-by-design and prevention-through-design principles by enabling early hazard identification and participatory design reviews. However, adoption remains constrained by high costs, interoperability challenges, a lack of standardization, and limited empirical validation. This review concludes that VR serves as a pivotal enabler for proactive, data-driven, and safety-oriented design management in the Construction 4.0 era. Future research should integrate VR with Artificial Intelligence (AI), Digital Twins, and Extended Reality (XR) to create intelligent safety design ecosystems aligned with evolving regulatory frameworks such as Malaysia’s Occupational Safety and Health (Construction Work) (Design and Management) Regulations 2024.
George M. De La Cruz
This study assessed and tracked the longitudinal professional development needs of 29 permanent teachers at Mandalagan National High School across the seven domains of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST) over three school years (2025–2028). Utilizing a longitudinal descriptive-comparative research design and purposive total enumeration, the research monitored a cohort primarily composed of Beginning Teachers (75.9%) and females (75.9%) to identify shifting priorities during the institutionalization of the MATATAG Curriculum. Data were gathered through the electronic Self-Assessment Tool (e-SAT) and analyzed using the Friedman Test, Mann-Whitney U Test, and Independent Samples t-test. The findings revealed that Domain 5 (Assessment and Reporting) and Domain 3 (Diversity of Learners) were consistent "Very High Priority" needs at a 3.58 mean and 3.56 mean, respectively. Statistical analysis identified a significant "MATATAG Effect" within the Junior High School (JHS) department, where Domain 3 needs spiked significantly over three years (chi² = 18.42, p = 0.001), while the Senior High School (SHS) department remained statistically stable (p = 0.341), indicating higher instructional maturity. Furthermore, a significant sex-based difference in technical needs was identified (p = 0.018), with male teachers reporting higher struggles in Domain 5 during the initial years, though priorities converged by Year 3 (p = 0.152). The study concludes that curriculum rollouts induce a systemic "transition shock" in pedagogical domains, while assessment anxieties are closely tied to early career stages. Consequently, professional development must shift from "one-size-fits-all" sessions to gender-responsive, department-specific interventions. Recommendations include the adoption of “Longitudinal Needs Map" for Differentiated School Learning Action Cells (SLACs), mentorship re-engineering to address leadership bottlenecks, and a shift by the Department of Education (DepEd) toward longitudinal tracking models for data-driven Learning and Development (L&D) planning.
Analyn S. Clarin, Frietzel Hazel Y. Malarejes
Financial well-being plays an important role in the personal and professional lives of teachers, yet many public-school teachers face financial pressures while striving to meet personal and family responsibilities. This study explored the lived experiences on the financial well-being of public-school teachers in one municipality in Misamis Occidental. This study employed a qualitative phenomenological research design to understand the essence of teachers’ financial experiences. Twelve public-school teachers from elementary and secondary schools in the district of Lopez Jaena, Division of Misamis Occidental, who were purposively chosen participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews grounded in Moustakas’ transcendental phenomenological framework. The interview data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Moustakas’ phenomenological method of data analysis. NVivo software was used to assist in organizing and identifying patterns in the participants’ responses. Five major themes emerged from the analysis: Shaping Present Financial Well-Being Through Past Experiences; Experiencing Financial Well-Being Across Household, Workplace, and Community Contexts; Experiencing the Embodied Effects of Financial Stress and Stability; Managing Financial Responsibilities Through Relational Influences and Balancing Financial Survival with Aspirations for Stability. The findings indicated that teachers’ financial well-being is shaped by past financial decisions, environmental contexts, relational influences, and material realities. The administration may strengthen financial literacy programs, financial wellness initiatives, and institutional support systems to help teachers improve financial stability and overall well-being.
Ch S S S Kumar, Dr. V. Krishna Mohan
The modern world is witnessing a wide spread expansion in the usage of organic products, be it food products, personal and health-care and cosmetics for the varied and valid reasons. Organic products are becoming more and more popular and people choose them for distinct advantages. The lifestyle pattern has been observed to be changing for the last decade convergent to the consumption of organic products including Ayurvedic medicines owing to the enhanced levels of health consciousness because of other environmental degradation. Consequently, there has been a rapid expansion in the organic market. Despite the existence of several manufacturers of Ayurvedic medicines for quite a long time, the organic producers and corresponding retailers and dealers have been facing difficulties for one decade only including Patanjali Ayurveda Limited. Although, there had been an exponential growth in Patanjali’s business graph, at the last couple of years have been witnessing a gradual decline in their sales. The study is aimed at investigating the dynamics of consumer behavior towards to organic products with reference to select Patanjali products in Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, in the prevailing marketing conditions. On the face of it, the study has analyzed all the elements associated with the organic products including medicines encompassing the global scenario of organic product markets, status of Indian organic market and the role of consumer behavior. An overview of Patanjali Ayurveda Limited, its products and business operations and the role of culture, ethnicity, attitude and society in the consumption of organic products.
Faizah Mohd Fakhruddin, Siqi Zhu
Online dating sites and apps offer a range of conveniences that appeal to those looking to form new relationships, striving to position themselves as powerful tools for finding dates and building romantic relationships. However, there are clear differences between men and women in their mate acquisition behaviors. While existing research frequently reports frequent gender differences in online dating, these insights remain scattered across multiple studies. This review aims to collect research data to understand the differences in the ways men and women approach mate acquisition online. The study found that the main criterion for men to measure a partner is appearance, while women give priority to the financial attributes of their partner. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the underlying dynamics of the online mate selection process from a gender perspective.
OJEKA, Stephen, ONAJI, Abraham Adamu, ONMONYA, Lucky Otsoge, UDEOZOR Paul Ejike
This study is to assess the moderating role of tax aggressiveness on the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance of Nigerian deposit money banks in Nigeria. Specifically, the study assesses the effect of board size, board independence and board gender diversity on the financial performance of Nigerian deposit money banks, with tax aggressive as the moderating variable. The study employs an ex-post facto research design using secondary data obtained from the annual reports and financial statements of 13 listed deposit money banks in Nigeria for the period 2014 to 2025. The Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) was used for the panel regression analysis. This is to correct for potential heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation in the data. Findings show that Board size, board gender diversity, and tax aggressiveness are found to significantly influence financial performance, while board independence does not affect financial performance. In general, the moderating role of tax aggressiveness show a positive association with the financial performance. This implies that banks with larger boards with board gender diversity can be involved in aggressive tax planning with positive effect on financial performance. it is recommended that regulators and policymakers should establish guidelines that support large board and gender diversity. Bank management should establish dedicated board committees to oversee tax-related matters, ensuring continuous review of tax strategies, compliance, and risk management practices.
B. V. Ado, G. M. Gberikon, I. O. Ogbonna, N. J. Nggada
Salmonella species are known to be public health trial in Nigeria. Salmonella species contaminations in ready-to-eat fruit salads are becoming progressively popular. This study aimed at molecular detection of virulence genes in salmonella sp isolated from ready to eat fruits salad in some selected state in North Central, Nigeria. A total of 300 ready-to-eat fruit-salads samples were randomly collected from major Markets in Plateau and Kogi. Isolation and identification of salmonella sp were carried out using standard microbiology methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute method. Virulence genes detection was carried out using polymerase chain reaction boiling technique. Out of 300 ready-to-eat fruit-salads collected, the overall occurrence of salmonella spp 12 (4.0%) and the highest occurrence was recorded from Plateau state (8.0%), and Kogi state (4.0%). The antibiotics resistance of Salmonella sp isolated from ready to eat fruit salads sold in Plateau state showed that Salmonella sp were highly resistance to cefexime (50.0 %)but less resistance to gentamicin and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (12.5 %). From Kogi the order of percentage resistance of Salmonella species to the antibiotics tested were, nalidixic acid (75.0 %) and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (25.0 %). The commonest MAR in Salmonella sp isolated from Plateau was 0.4 with percentage of occurrence of 37.5 %. The commonest MAR in Salmonella species isolated from Kogi was 0.3 with percentage of occurrence of 50.0 %. The order of virulence genes detected were, spiA genes (33.3 %). From Salmonella species isolated from Plateau harbors spiA (66.6 %). From Salmonella species isolated from Kogi harbors spiA (33.3 %). In this study it was observed that the ready to eat fruit-salads sold in major cities in North Central Nigeria were contaminated with Salmonella and is resistance to commonly use antibiotic in treatment of infection cause by these Salmonella.
Dr. Paul Sang, Panitah Nafula Wakoli
Modern project management landscape of successful community-based initiatives is dictated by the intricate web of stakeholder dynamics.While traditional project management frameworks emphasize inclusive engagement and "win-win" scenarios, they often fail to account for the reality of hostile, resistant and disruptive stakeholders.The existing academic literature remains largely focused on the positivity bias of stakeholder participation. There is a significant gap in understanding how to manage stakeholders who are inherently non-cooperative. This research, therefore, seeks to investigate the nature of stakeholder hostility within Nairobi County and evaluate there effectiveness of adverse management strategies.Stakeholder management is a critical discipline across various fields, including project management, public policy, organizational change and community development. The success of any initiative is often directly correlated with the ability to effectively identify, analyze, prioritize and engage with all relevant stakeholders.
Oghenehoro Evi Eni
Immigration law is often described as a rules-based system in which outcomes follow automatically from statutory compliance. In practice, however, immigration decisions are heavily shaped by officer discretion. Immigration officers are required not only to verify documents but also to assess credibility, evaluate risk, interpret evidence, and determine whether an applicant has genuinely met the legal standard set by law. This article examines how officer discretion operates in the Canadian and United States immigration systems. It focuses on the legal foundations of discretion, its three main operational components: credibility assessment, risk assessment, and interpretation of evidence and the constitutional and administrative law limits that constrain its exercise. Drawing on statutory frameworks, recent case law, and administrative law principles, including the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Vavilov (2019), the article argues that officer discretion is not arbitrary. Rather, it is a structured, reviewable form of administrative judgment that applicants and practitioners must understand in order to navigate immigration systems effectively. The article concludes by outlining practical implications for application preparation and refusal response strategies in both jurisdictions.
Lukong Gwimy Terence
Purpose: This paper assesses how stakeholders in decentralised public financial management (PFM) perceive the fairness, transparency and efficiency of the Treasury Single Account (TSA) in the South-West Region of Cameroon, and it translates those perceptions into an actionable policy agenda for the Ministry of Finance (MINFI). It aims to determine what stakeholder perceptions imply for the legitimacy and operational success of centralised treasury reforms in sub-Saharan Africa in general, and in Cameroon in particular. Design/Methodology/Approach: An embedded single-case qualitative design was used, with data analysed through qualitative content analysis to generate thematic categories validated by respondents’ quotations and supplemented by code-occurrence counts. Open-ended questionnaire, interview, and focus group data were collected from 44 purposively sampled stakeholders, comprising 23 finance officials, 1 executive mayor, 10 treasury and paymaster officials, and 10 contractors and suppliers who interact directly with municipal disbursement processes. To strengthen triangulation, the qualitative findings were brought into dialogue with objective administrative records: three voucher registers obtained from the accounting service of the Buea Regional Treasury, covering 560 individual disbursements totalling approximately 8.33 billion FCFA across fiscal years 2022–2024. Findings: Three perceptual dimensions and one behavioural-response theme were obtained. Perceived efficiency emerged as the most heavily coded dimension, driven by payment and disbursement delay and by contractor withdrawal from public contracts. Perceived fairness was significantly compromised by the loss of councils’ direct access to their own funds and by inconsistent procedural treatment, while perceived transparency was undermined by multi-stage approval architectures and documentation requirements that obscured disbursement status. Triangulation with the voucher records confirms that the mean processing time across 560 disbursements was 124.6 days, with 62% of payments settled beyond 90 days, providing convergent validation for the qualitative perceptions of chronic delay, disbursement irregularity and liquidity-timing mismatch. The three perceptual dimensions were found to be mutually reinforcing rather than independent, translating into behavioural dispositions ranging from cooperation to informal workarounds. Research Limitations: The qualitative case-study design supports analytical rather than statistical generalisation. The sample composition, weighted towards finance officials and treasury staff, and the reliance on contemporaneous note-taking and self-completed questionnaires for most responses, are acknowledged as limitations. The voucher records capture only the reception-to-payment segment of the disbursement chain and are therefore a lower bound on the total wait experienced by claimants. Practical Implications: The study contributes a theoretically grounded framework, anchored in procedural-justice and legitimacy theory, for understanding perceptual dynamics in centralised treasury reform, and it derives an integrated, institutionally calibrated reform agenda for MINFI spanning approval-architecture reform, liquidity management, contractor protection, transparency infrastructure and stakeholder governance, sequenced against Cameroon’s PFM Reform Plan 2024–2027 and its IMF-supported programme commitments. Originality/Value: The study offers one of the first qualitative analyses of stakeholder perceptions of TSA operations in Francophone Central Africa, extended by administrative triangulation with objective disbursement records, and extends procedural-justice and legitimacy-theory perspectives into the PFM context of a decentralised Central African setting.
Mark Yogaraj S/O Kunasegaran, Masturina Darwiis Rooslan, Mohd Hafiz Noor Razali, Nazimah Hussin, Tashalini A/P Balu
This study presents the analysis and results of one group from the Strategic Financial Management class as we participated in the CAPSIM Business Simulation over eight competitive rounds. The simulation required the group to perform key managerial functions such as planning, organizing, leading and controlling while making integrated decisions across R&D, Marketing, Operations and Finance. Throughout the rounds, the team experienced both improvements and challenges that included forecasting inaccuracies, liquidity pressures, heavy dependence on the low technology product and delayed investment in the high technology segment. Through collaborative teamwork, data driven evaluations and continuous learning, the group achieved significant performance growth, clearer strategic alignment and stronger decision-making capabilities. The findings demonstrate the value of experiential learning in developing practical business skills.
Lakshmi Devi Pujari, Saayee Saahit CNV, Sridhar C. Naga Venkata, Swetha Reddy Ravula
Global logistics networks face increasing volatility driven by geopolitical tensions, climate disruptions, demand variability, and operational uncertainty. Although artificial intelligence has improved predictive capabilities in logistics, classical and standalone learning models remain limited by data sparsity, non-stationarity, and scalability constraints. This study proposes a hybrid logistics intelligence framework that integrates time-series forecasting, synthetic data generation, and AI-based optimization. The framework is designed to enhance forecasting robustness and translate predictions into actionable operational decisions. A FedEx case study demonstrates how historical shipment data, real-time telemetry, and synthetically generated disruption scenarios can be jointly leveraged to improve demand forecasting, routing efficiency, and service reliability. Performance is evaluated across real, simulated, and hybrid datasets. Results show that the proposed approach consistently outperforms traditional statistical and machine-learning methods in accuracy, robustness, and operational scalability.
Adewumi Damilola Mercy, Akinbebije, Christianah Olufunbi, Ayodele Christian Junior Ph.D
This study examined psychosocial factors as correlate of learning behaviours among undergraduates in Southwest Nigeria. The research focused on key psychosocial variables, as motivation, self-esteem, peer linkage, and teacher-student relationship, and their influence on students’ learning behaviours as attention and concentration, participation, study habits, self-discipline, curiosity, and collaboration. The researcher observed that psychosocial factors significantly influence students’ learning behaviours. Specifically, motivation and self-esteem were noted to positively enhance students’ academic engagement, participation, and persistence, while peer linkage and teacher-student relationships played both supportive and inhibitory roles depending on their nature. The study also highlighted those negative psychosocial conditions, as low self-esteem, poor motivation, and unhealthy peer influence, contribute to poor study habits, lack of concentration, and reduced academic performance. Based on these findings, the study concludes that psychosocial factors are strong determinants of learning behaviours among undergraduates. It therefore recommends the provision of effective counselling services, improved teacher-student interaction, and the promotion of positive peer relationships to enhance students’ academic outcomes. The study contributes to existing literature by providing a holistic understanding of how psychological and social factors interact to influence learning behaviours in higher education.
Maria Corazon C. Dela Rosa
Tourism branding often emphasizes physical attractions while overlooking community identity embedded in a "Sense of Place" (SoP). This study examined Calabanga, Camarines Sur, focusing on community perceptions across natural, cultural, social, and economic dimensions, identifying tangible and intangible destination branding elements, assessing their relationship, and developing a promotional framework to strengthen the town’s unique identity. Specifically, the study aimed to: (a) determine community perceptions of SoP attributes; (b) identify tangible and intangible branding elements; (c) assess the relationship between SoP and destination branding; and (d) develop a promotional framework reflecting Calabanga’s sense-of-place identity. Using a Mixed-Methods Sequential Exploratory Design, qualitative data were gathered from 25 key informants, followed by a survey of 200 residents. Thematic analysis, correlation, and regression examined the links between SoP and branding elements. Findings show strong community attachment, with Cultural (3.65) and Social (3.62) attributes as primary identity drivers, while Economic (3.49) was least emphasized. Regression analysis revealed a weak positive relationship between SoP and destination branding (R = 0.236; R² = 0.0558; Adjusted R² = 0.0108; F = 1.241, p = 0.278), indicating that a strong community identity does not automatically translate into effective branding. Tangible elements include Quipayo Church, coastal and maritime resources, and heritage landmarks, while intangible pillars encompass faith, festivals, and community participation, collectively forming Calabanga’s "Heritage-Productive Landscape" identity. The Sustainable Agro-Maritime Resource and Old-heritage (SARO) Framework operationalizes these insights, recommending strategies to leverage cultural assets, enhance natural, social, and economic resources, and integrate local enterprises and community-based experiences. Coordinated planning, product development, and strategic promotion are essential to translate SoP into a cohesive, authentic, and marketable destination brand.
Sati Rebecca Stephen, Sati Sheikh Kubenubu
This review offers an overview of the digital economy in Africa, which includes the key drivers of the economy like technology, internet access and mobile usage. The sectors impacted by digital transformation like e-commerce, fintech, Agri-tech, health-tech, edtech and E-learning and it emphasizes the range of digital skills needed and the existing gaps among African youth, especially the vulnerable groups. It addresses the gaps in digital infrastructure like accessibility, availability and affordability. The digital divide and inequality in gender, urban-rural and income-based disparities and tackling regulatory and bureaucratic hurdles for startups and small businesses. This will help in understanding the digital transformation and digital economy takeoff across Africa and the impact it will have on the demand for young workers, and how we can equip them with the right digital skills at an individual level and also strengthening the overall digital workforce at the national and intercontinental scale. The goal is to uncover insights that can balance the digital labor market and pave the way for a more inclusive prosperous digital future in Africa.
Riza Rizalina Avila-Quincina
The construction industry is known to have high risks of accidents and fatalities worldwide. Therefore, ensuring safety and efficiency in construction is crucial. One of the significant components of construction safety is the use of appropriate scaffolding systems, which provide support and access for workers during building construction, renovation, and maintenance. Metal scaffoldings are widely used in construction due to their durability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use. This study aimed to investigate the safety practices, efficiency, factors affecting the use, and challenges associated with the use of metal scaffoldings in construction projects in the Fourth District of Quezon Province. The findings revealed that safety practices related to the use of metal scaffoldings in construction are vital and require proper training and regular inspections. Availability, cost, quality, and compliance with safety standards were also identified as important considerations in the use of metal scaffoldings. Therefore, investing in high-quality, well-maintained scaffoldings, providing proper worker training and education, and ensuring comprehensive safety programs are necessary to address the challenges and issues associated with the use of metal scaffoldings in construction projects.
Jeanette Owusu, Peter Agyekum Boateng, Racheal Amoah, Samuel Elvis Addo
This study investigates the role of strategic management in addressing urban inequalities, with a specific focus on advancing Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10 — Reduced Inequalities. The research systematically examines systemic barriers to equitable resource allocation in urban settings, including governance inefficiencies, uneven infrastructure distribution, and persistent socio-economic disparities. Employing a narrative literature review approach, this study synthesizes selected scholarly and policy literature on strategic management, urban inequality, and equitable resource allocation, supported by illustrative examples from diverse urban contexts. Case studies were selected based on documented outcomes, geographic diversity, and policy relevance to the Global South. The review highlights the transformative potential of participatory governance models, emerging technologies such as GIS and blockchain, and multi-sectoral collaborations in promoting equity and sustainability. The research underscores the necessity of aligning urban strategies with global frameworks, including the 2030 Agenda, to reduce disparities and enhance resilience. Practical recommendations target policymakers, urban planners, and private-sector stakeholders in developing countries, emphasizing equity-driven frameworks and scalable grassroots innovations. This study contributes to academic discourse by identifying critical gaps in existing literature and advocating for interdisciplinary approaches to inclusive urban development.
Dr. Pham Thanh Hai, MA. Hoang Thi Thu Hoai, MA. Phan Thi Thanh
Sexual harassment (SH) remains a pervasive yet underrecognized issue in Vietnamese higher education, particularly regarding non-physical and culturally normalized behaviors. This study investigates students’ awareness and perceptions of different forms of sexual harassment at Campus II, University of Labor and Social Affairs. Employing a mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 364 students, complemented by in-depth interviews with selected students and university staff. The findings indicate that while most students are able to accurately identify overt and explicit forms of sexual harassment, such as unwanted physical contact or forced exposure to pornographic content, awareness of verbal, non-verbal, and technology-mediated harassment remains limited. Behaviors occurring in familiar contexts—such as joking among peers, interactions within romantic relationships, or physical contact by relatives—are often trivialized or perceived as normal, leading to the normalization of boundary violations. Notable gender differences were observed, with female students demonstrating higher sensitivity and accuracy in identifying sexually harassing behaviors than male students. The study highlights significant gaps in comprehensive sexuality education and consent awareness, underscoring the need for targeted communication, social work interventions, and institutional policies to enhance awareness and prevent sexual harassment in university settings.
Oghenehoro Evi Eni
In early 2026, the United States government entered into a data-sharing arrangement between the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) that would permit immigration authorities to access federal tax return information for the purpose of locating undocumented immigrants. In March 2026, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was urged to maintain a district court injunction blocking the arrangement in Center for Taxpayer Rights et al., v. IRS et al., No. 26-5006. This article provides the first comprehensive legal and comparative analysis of the IRS–ICE arrangement. It examines the statutory framework governing taxpayer confidentiality under §6103 of the Internal Revenue Code, evaluates the agreement’s compatibility with the United States’ voluntary tax compliance architecture, and analyzes its constitutional implications under the First, Fourth, and Fifth Amendments. The paper further situates the controversy within a comparative framework by examining how Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom have approached and uniformly rejected the use of tax authority data for immigration enforcement purposes. The article argues that the use of tax return data for immigration enforcement undermines the legal and institutional foundations of voluntary compliance, imposes substantial and under-acknowledged fiscal costs, and raises rule-of-law concerns that extend far beyond immigration policy. By eroding the confidentiality compact between the state and taxpayers, the IRS–ICE arrangement threatens the integrity of the tax system itself.
Cosmus Katana, Dr. Rashid Fwamba, Humphrey Kidiga
This study examined the relationship between debt recovery techniques and financial efficacy of listed commercial banks in Nairobi County, Kenya. This study was anchored on asymmetry information theory. The target population comprised of 385 commercial banks senior management staff. The sample size was 196 respondents using Yamane formula. Data was gathered at listed commercial banks headquarters in Nairobi. Descriptive research design was adopted. This study utilized probability sampling procedures to sample target groups to avoid any form of bias. Primary data was obtained directly from respondents using closed ended questionnaires while secondary data was obtained from published financial reports of the listed commercial banks in Nairobi County, Kenya. Reliability was measured by Cronbach’s alpha and all the variables met the minimum threshold of 0.7. The collected data was analysed using multiple regression models. IBM SPSS Statistics 27 was used in analysing correlations amongst the variables. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that debt recovery management significantly influenced financial efficacy of listed commercial banks in Kenya. Therefore, the study recommends that for commercial banks to remain competitively profitable they should employ multiple debt recovery techniques which would help them in making sound decisions about debt recovery techniques. The study also recommends that debt recovery techniques employed by banks should focus more on strategic issues on how bad debts may be gotten rid of to avert financial crisis among the listed Commercial Banks.
Dogo, B. E., Ejoor, T, Soetan, T. A.
The market share of SMEs is crucial for their growth and sustainability; however, SMEs in Lagos State are confronted with the challenge of inadequate market share, probably due to low strategic orientation. Though there has been a considerable amount of literature on the effect of strategic orientation on SMEs in developed countries, there is limited literature on the effects of strategic orientation on the market share of SMEs in developing countries such as Nigeria. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of strategic orientation on the market share of selected SMEs in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The population size was 42,067, consisting of owners/managers of selected 419 SMEs in Lagos state, Nigeria. The study adopted a multistage sampling strategy, which included stratified, purposive, and random sample procedures. Data was collected through an adapted and validated questionnaire. The response rate was 93.8%. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients of constructs ranged from 0.724 to 0.946. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The multiple regression analysis results revealed the effect of both dimensions of strategic orientation on market share. Specifically, customer focus had a positive and significant effect on market share. The findings further revealed that technological capability had a positive and statistically significant effect on market share. The study concluded that strategic orientation improved the market share of selected SMEs in Lagos state. It, therefore, recommends that owners and managers be more customer-focused and acquire technological capabilities to increase their market share.
Anuja Raveenther, Dayananda H.H.R.N.
In contemporary human resource management, increasing attention has been directed toward the role of digital transformation in shaping employee development. The banking sector in Sri Lanka is characterized by high competitiveness and a strong reliance on technology, rendering employee skills and adaptability essential for organizational success. This study investigates the impact of Digital Human Resource Practices (DHRPs) on employee development, concentrating on the dimensions of Digital Recruitment and Digital Onboarding, with Performance Management and Competence Development identified as key outcomes within the banking sector of Sri Lanka. The research employs a quantitative design and collects data from 229 employees across five major banks using a stratified random sampling technique. A structured self-administered questionnaire was utilized for data collection, and SPSS (version 27.0) was employed for data analysis. Statistical methods, including descriptive analysis, correlation, and multiple regression, were applied to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal that DHRPs significantly positively impact employee development, with both digital recruitment and onboarding contributing robustly to performance management and competence development. These results indicate that the effective implementation of digital HR practices enhances employees' skills, motivation, and confidence, ultimately bolstering organizational performance. This study contributes to the human resource management literature by validating the relevance of the Technology Acceptance Model, Human Capital Theory, and the AMO Framework within the context of digital banking. The practical implications emphasize the necessity for banking institutions to integrate digital HR practices into their strategic frameworks to foster a skilled and motivated workforce.
Birendra Raj Bist
Background: The service sector plays a vital role in economic development, making effective performance measurement essential for organizational success. Traditional performance measurement systems primarily focus on financial indicators while often overlooking important non-financial factors that contribute to long-term performance. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) provides a comprehensive framework by integrating financial and non-financial perspectives. However, limited empirical evidence exists regarding the application of the BSC framework among service firms in Nepal, particularly at the regional level. Objective: This study examines the influence of the four Balanced Scorecard perspectives—financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth—on firm performance in the service industry of Dhangadhi Sub-Metropolitan City (Wards 1-7), Nepal. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional research design was employed. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to managerial, supervisory, and administrative personnel working in various service organizations. Out of 350 distributed questionnaires, 258 valid responses were used for analysis. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis were conducted using SPSS. Results: The findings revealed that the Balanced Scorecard perspectives jointly have a significant influence on firm performance. The regression model explained 51.8% of the variation in firm performance (R² = 0.518, p < 0.05). Financial perspective, internal business process perspective, and learning and growth perspective were found to have positive and significant effects on firm performance. Among these, the learning and growth perspective emerged as the strongest predictor. However, the customer perspective did not show a statistically significant direct effect on firm performance. Conclusion: The study concludes that both financial and non-financial factors are important determinants of firm performance. Service organizations should prioritize employee development, continuous improvement of internal processes, and strategic performance management practices to achieve sustainable growth and competitive advantage.
Alfairusi Tarmizi, Mahdani Ibrahim, Mukhlis Yunus
This study aims to identify the effects of quality, trust, and convenience on consumers’ buying behavior in which competitive advantage is the mediating variable. The population includes all subsidized mortgage customers of BTN Syariah in Banda Aceh. A total of 230 respondents were selected as the sample. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings show that service quality, trust, convenience, competitive advantage, and purchase decisions among BTN Syariah Banda Aceh Branch customers are considered good. In addition, the hypothesis testing results indicate that service quality, trust, and convenience have a positive impact on competitive advantage. It also shows that service quality, trust, convenience, and competitive advantage positively affect purchase decisions. Further, competitive advantage mediates the relationship between service quality, trust, convenience, and purchase decisions, indicating that improvements in these variables can lead to higher purchase decisions.
Humphrey Chinyemba Kandimba, Phydes Ng’uni
Qualitative research with Deaf learners presents unique methodological and ethical challenges that are often overlooked in standard research training. When the researcher simultaneously occupies multiple roles such as teacher, sign language interpreter, and investigator, the interplay of reflexivity, role conflict, and methodological complexity becomes particularly pronounced. This study explores these interconnections, drawing on global methodological literature while paying specific attention to the under-researched Zambian context. Using an integrative theoretical framework combining post-qualitative inquiry, reflexive epistemology, and role theory, the article analyzes how dual or multiple roles influence data generation, interpretation, and representation. The findings reveal three major insights: firstly, reflexivity, role conflict, and methodological complexity are deeply intertwined phenomena that multiply rather than merely add to research challenges; secondly, ethical dilemmas concerning informed consent, confidentiality, and representational authority are heightened when the researcher controls the linguistic channel and holds institutional power over Deaf learners; and thirdly, while practical strategies such as structured ethical reflection, analytic generalization, and radical transparency exist, they require contextual adaptation for under-resourced settings such as Zambia. The study concludes with three recommendations: the adoption of a dual-role reflexivity protocol for researchers; the development of specific institutional and ethics committee guidelines for Deaf research in Zambia; and the establishment of a national working group on Deaf research methodology to build local capacity and knowledge. This study contributes to the growing literature on qualitative methodology by centering the often-invisible labor of interpreter-researchers and by offering context-sensitive guidance for ethical, rigorous, and reflexive research with Deaf learners in linguistically diverse and resource-constrained environments.
Hariyaty Ab Wahid, Jamal Sajwani
A growing interest in outsourcing within governments around the world has been reported. In 2015, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government announced that the roadmap for outsourcing most federal government works to the private sector is ready. Organizations in the UAE federal government worked on the Emiratization policy for years to reach an Emiratization percentage of 65% in 2020. To the present, this target has not been achieved so outsourcing remains the best solution to reduce the number of public servants in the government sector, especially UAE nationals, which may impact them by shifting them to the private sector; this may result in a public servant resistance. Such resistance could affect the success of outsourcing as well. There is a lack of studies that report the challenges faced by federal organizations in UAE outsourcer their services, and have a high percentage of local employees, at the same time, which may result in public servant resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the main drivers and forms of public servant resistance to Emiratization outsourcing in the UAE government sector. The result shows high degree of concerns among public servants with respect to job loss and job security, reflecting anxieties within the workforce regarding displacement and loss of control. This fear can lead to active resistance or disengagement, hindering smooth execution of outsourcing srtagetegy in public service organizations in the UAE. Accordingly, it is recommended that regularly communicate with the employees by the managers for the purpose, benefits, and impact of outsourcing on job roles. Ensure employees understand that outsourcing is not synonymous with job loss. Also involve employees in the outsourcing process from the beginning. Seek their input and address their concerns to reduce resistance and foster a sense of ownership, such as recognition and rewards by recognize and reward employees for their contributions and adaptability during the transition
Gugulethu Chakamba, Hendra Lukito, Nor Azilah Husin, Nyan Phone Zaw, Robale Haji Abdi, Sanusi Inuwa
The rapid growth of digital marketing and e-commerce has significantly transformed online consumer buying behaviour, particularly among technology-oriented consumers. The study was so limited especially for the international university students. Digital tools including AI-powered chatbots, targeted advertisements, and online reviews have become essential in shaping consumers’ perceptions, trust, and purchase decisions. This study aims to examine the influence of AI chatbots, targeted advertisements, and online reviews on online consumer buying behaviour among international university students. A quantitative research approach was employed, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. A total of 105 valid responses were obtained from international students. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), incorporating descriptive analysis, reliability testing, correlation analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The results show that AI chatbots strongly influence how people buy things online, making them the most important factor in this study. Although targeted ads and online reviews were viewed positively, they did not have a meaningful impact on buying decisions when analyzed statistically. Additionally, the study found no significant difference in online buying behaviour between male and female respondents, while nationality was found to significantly influence online purchasing behaviour. The findings provide valuable insights for online retailers and digital marketers in designing effective digital engagement strategies, particularly for tech-savvy and multicultural consumer segments.
Lucky Gupta, Mahima Tomar, Mehak Pachori
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in financial technology (Fintech) has fundamentally transformed the sector by improving efficiency, decreasing costs, and fostering sustainable financial practices. Its influence is extensive, affecting areas like as fraud detection, automated trading, customer service automation, personalized banking and financial planning, algorithmic trading and market analysis, as well as risk assessment and credit scoring. AI-driven solutions enhance sustainability in Fintech by concentrating on domains such as green finance, fraud detection, risk assessment, and ethical investment. Green Finance and ESG Investing, sustainable Lending and Banking. Artificial Intelligence in Green Data Centers: FinTech companies are employing AI to enhance energy efficiency in cloud computing and renewable energy, addressing carbon costs through effective algorithms. By balancing data privacy, this systematic review of existing literature underscores AI's contribution to optimizing resource utilization, minimizing carbon footprints, and promoting financial inclusion. This report addresses barriers such as algorithmic bias, data privacy issues, and legal obstacles that must be solved to guarantee the sustainable use of AI in Fintech. This conceptual research examines the significant potential of AI, advocating for a balanced approach that incorporates ethical AI frameworks, governmental monitoring, and stakeholder participation to ensure long-term sustainability.
Akiva Onika Sarita La Geer-Jeremiah, Feleisha Sushane Taylor Harris
This study explores the factors contributing to burnout and their effects on leadership effectiveness in high-stress social work environments. It combines a qualitative systematic review with empirical evidence from 20 social work leaders from the Caribbean and the broader Global South. The study builds on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, Transformational Leadership Theory and Ecological Systems Theory to examine the negative impact of emotional labour, role ambiguity, institutional rigidity and intersectional stressors on decision-making, ethical clarity and team cohesion. Results show that burnout is a structural problem impacted by resource scarcity, process delays, political interference, and colonial administrative heritage, all of which affect the culture and leadership of small island nations. The thematic synthesis reveals a typology of systemic burnout drivers and underscores the impact on cognitive functioning, leadership relationships and organisational stability. The study also assesses multi-level interventions, including reflective supervision, participatory governance, trauma-informed policy transformation and culturally responsive leadership development, which can help enhance resilience and enable sustainable leadership. These findings have region-specific implications for policy, practice, and education. They highlight the importance of context-sensitive strategies in addressing structural inequities and fostering justice-oriented leadership in social work.
Regina Plaza Galigao, Ed.D., Ph.D.
The tourism sector of the Camotes Group of Islands comprises accommodations, transport rentals, entertainment options, food and beverage services, as well as tourism and hospitality and ICT infrastructure. In terms of lodging, resorts accounted for the highest percentage of accommodations. Motorcycles emerged as the favored mode of transportation. For entertainment, water parks and festivals recorded the highest percentage. Tours represented the most significant portion for tourism and hospitality across the four municipalities. In regard to ICT infrastructure, internet service providers showed equivalent results for Smart. The tourism management status of the town revealed a high mean score in terms of making reservations, while obtaining information was rated as reasonable. The visibility of the InfoPoint employees and the services offered by the four communities were considered adequate. Based on findings, the conclusion has brought significance to the theory of Tourism Management which comprises different frameworks. This study recommends identifying specific locations within each barangay that locals can enhance, which would serve as the next attraction for the area.
Ass. Prof. Kayindu Vincent, Nakimuli Rachael
This article presents a systematic literature review of existing research on transactional sexual relationships among students in Ugandan universities. Unlike empirical studies that collect primary data, this review synthesizes findings from previously published studies to identify structural drivers, protective factors, consequences, and interventions. Following PRISMA guidelines, the authors searched Google Scholar, PubMed, and African Journals Online for peer-reviewed studies published between January 2010 and December 2024. The CASP tool was used to assess the quality of 42 high-quality studies selected from an initial pool of 847 records. As a literature review, this article does not present new empirical data; rather, it aggregates and analyzes patterns across existing scholarship. Key findings from the reviewed literature indicate that transactional sex is associated with systemic failures including poverty, housing shortages, abuse of power, and institutional silence, while protective factors such as family support, religious attendance, and peer refusal skills offer intervention pathways. Consequences documented in the literature include psychological distress, sexually transmitted infections, academic failure, and social stigma. The review also notes that most existing studies are cross-sectional, meaning causation cannot be proven, and calls for longitudinal research. Based on synthesized evidence, the authors propose practical interventions for policy and practice. This review concludes that transactional sex in Ugandan universities is consistently associated with structural drivers rather than individual moral failure alone.
Alex Ambore Bruce
This paper reviews the resource curse theory in the Nigerian circumstance by examining the utilization of resource proceeds between 1980 and 2022; specifically oil rents for economic development. Employing an ex-post facto quantitative design, the paper integrates time-series regression analysis, stationary testing (ADF), and correlation matrices to evaluate how resource dependence affects Nigeria's development outcomes. The results reveal that the Pearson correlation coefficients among GDP per capita, Oil Rents, Corruption Perception Index (CPI), and Human Development Index (HDI). Oil Rents show a moderate positive correlation with GDP per capita (0.587), suggesting a potential growth-enhancing role. CPI and HDI have the expected relationship but weaker correlations with GDP per capita (-0.022 and 0.133), indicating that their effects on economic outcomes might be more complex and indirect. Perhaps, better understood through interaction effects in the regression analysis. It is therefore, clear to note that, the relationship between GDP per Capita and oil rents, CPI and HDI are on course such that, GDP per Capita increases by $1 if CPI reduces by $0.02; $0.58 increase in Oil Rents brings about $1 GDP per Capita increase while $0.13 increase in HDI results in $1 increase in GDP per Capita. Broadly speaking, the coefficient for oil rents is approximately 35.01, indicating that a one-percentage-point increase in oil rents (as a share of GDP) is associated with a $35.01 increase in GDP per capita, holding all else constant. This suggests a positive but modest correlation between oil rents and economic growth. The R-squared implies that oil rents, CPI and HDI explain about 78% of the variation in GDP per capita; highlighting the presence of other critical explanatory factors such as institutional quality, diversification, and governance. In essence, Nigeria's situation exemplifies the 'revenue without development' paradoxical content, with its wealth failing to translate into reward and improved infrastructure, human capital and long-term economic resilience. The paper submits that governance reforms, economic diversification and institutional quality are expedient to reversing the resource curse trend.
Navaratnam Vejaratnam
Emotional Intelligence (EI) is widely recognised as a critical psychological resource that shapes ethical behaviour, stress management, and decision-making in high-pressure occupations. Despite its extensive application in organisational and behavioural research, empirical validation of EI measurement models within policing contexts remains limited, particularly in developing and collectivist societies. This study aims to validate the Emotional Intelligence measurement model among officers of the Royal Malaysia Police using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Data were collected from 475 police officers and analysed using Structural Equation Modeling techniques via AMOS. Emotional Intelligence was conceptualised as a multidimensional construct comprising self-emotion appraisal, others’ emotion appraisal, use of emotion, and regulation of emotion. The CFA results indicate satisfactory model fit, strong standardised factor loadings, adequate convergent and discriminant validity, and high composite reliability across all dimensions. These findings confirm that the Emotional Intelligence scale is a valid and reliable instrument for use in law enforcement research and practice. Importantly, the validated scale offers practical utility for human resource selection, training, and development in high-stress public sector organisations.
Aroge, I. O., Enitilo, O., Ibikunle, T.D., Oguntuase, I.E.
This study investigated the influence of value creation on the productivity of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria, a sector essential for ensuring the availability of quality pharmaceutical products. Despite their strategic significance, many of these organizations faced productivity challenges primarily due to the insufficient integration of structured value creation strategies within their operational and strategic frameworks. The research aimed to empirically assess whether deliberate value creation initiatives could effectively improve organizational productivity in the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry. A survey research design was employed, collecting data from a sample of 308 key stakeholders, including marketing professionals, directors, and executive managers crucial to strategic decision-making and operational performance. A structured, validated questionnaire served as the primary data collection tool, with reliability confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient exceeding 0.7. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to ensure robust interpretation and generalization of findings. The analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between value creation and productivity among the listed pharmaceutical firms. The regression analysis yielded an adjusted R² value of 0.195, indicating that value creation explained a substantial portion of productivity variation, with the overall model significant at F(4, 297) = 19.181, p < 0.05. These findings underscore the critical role of value creation in enhancing organizational productivity, leading to the conclusion that aligning value creation strategies with organizational objectives can significantly boost productivity and competitiveness in Nigeria's pharmaceutical sector.
Azlina Mohd Hussain, Muhammad Danial Suzaili, Muhammad Nabil Mohd Adam Malek, Nor Syamaliah Binti Ngah, Norazlin Abd Aziz
The escalating consumption of electronic devices has led to a significant surge in electronic waste (e-waste) globally, presenting severe environmental and public health challenges. In Malaysia, youth aged 15 to 40 represent a critical demographic of digital consumers; however, their participation in formal e-waste disposal remains insufficient. This study aims to determine the factors influencing e-waste management behavior among Malaysian youth by examining three key predictors: knowledge of formal e-waste management programs, recycling habits, and the perceived convenience of recycling facilities and services. Underpinned by Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), the research conceptualizes behavior as a product of the dynamic interaction between cognitive understanding, learned habits, and environmental support. Adopting a quantitative approach, a crosssectional survey was conducted involving 384 respondents selected via convenience sampling. Data were gathered using a structured online questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 27. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to assess the relationships between the independent variables and e-waste management practices. The findings are expected to provide critical insights for government agencies, NGOs, and industry stakeholders to design effective educational interventions and infrastructure improvements. By addressing the gaps in awareness and accessibility, this study contributes to enhancing sustainable waste practices, supporting Malaysia's circular economy goals, and advancing Sustainable Development Goal 12 Responsible Consumption and Production.