Level of Adaptability of Street Food Vendors to Challenges and Perceived Level of Effectiveness of Coping Mechanisms: A Basis for Government Policy Recommendations

Abstract

Businesses play an important role in the growth of communities and the economy, with large and formal enterprises often receiving the most recognition. However, small-scale and informal businesses, particularly street food vending, play an equally vital role by providing accessible livelihood opportunities for individuals with limited access to formal employment. Despite this importance, street food vendors face persistent challenges such as financial vulnerability, operational difficulties, restrictive regulation, and their contributions often remain unrecognized, leaving them vulnerable to exclusion and neglect. Therefore, this study seeks to assess the level of adaptability of street food vendors to challenges and their perceived level of effectiveness of coping mechanisms that will provide insights to guide government interventions towards protecting their livelihood and promoting inclusive urban development. A descriptive design was employed, using data collected from 40 street food vendors in Bayombong and Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. Surveys were administered through a structured questionnaire using a 4-point Likert scale and an open ended question, with data analyzed through mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage, while qualitative responses were reviewed thematically to support numerical findings. Findings reveal that street food vendors demonstrate a high level of adaptability, particularly in managing financial strain, addressing operational issues, complying with regulations, and balancing family or interpersonal responsibilities. Their coping strategies such as emotional resilience, adaptation to regulation, and operational adaptation were generally perceived as highly effective. However, despite their resourcefulness and adaptability, many of these mechanisms tend to be short-term and insufficient for ensuring long-term stability. This underscores the need for structural and systemic government support, including the establishment of designated vending areas, provision of financial assistance, skills development programs, and the implementation of fair and inclusive regulatory policies. Strengthening these support mechanisms will enhance the resilience, sustainability, and overall welfare of street food vendors while contributing to inclusive urban development.