The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Transforming Research Methods in Science Education in Nigeria

Abstract

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed research methodologies across educational disciplines including science education in Nigeria. This paper examines the role of artificial intelligence in transforming research methods in science education in Nigeria. Thus, AI enhances the collection, analysis and interpretation of educational data with a focus on quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research approaches. Using a qualitative review of existing literature and case studies in Nigerian educational contexts, the paper identifies key applications of AI including learning analytics, virtual laboratories, automated assessment and natural language processing tools for qualitative analysis. Indeed, AI provides opportunities for improving instructional strategies, supporting evidence-based decision-making, and strengthening teacher professional development. However, challenges such as poor digital infrastructure, limited AI awareness among educators, high costs, ethical concerns and curriculum gaps constrain its full adoption. The paper concludes that deliberate investment in digital infrastructure, capacity-building programmes, ethical guidelines, affordable AI tools and curriculum reform are critical for maximizing AI’s potential in transforming science education research in Nigeria. The paper recommends that government and private sector stakeholders should improve internet connectivity, provide stable electricity and equip schools and research institutions with modern ICT facilities and that educational authorities must establish clear policies on data privacy, consent and algorithmic fairness to ensure responsible and ethical AI usage among.