617 Articles
Rogene L. Jamero
This study aimed to examine the severity of depression among fourth-year Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) students and to determine whether differences exist across demographic variables such as age, gender, and civil status. Using a quantitative descriptive-comparative research design, the study surveyed 100 fourthyear BEED students from Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges–Marbel, Inc., selected through stratified random sampling to ensure representative coverage of all relevant subgroups. Data were collected using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a standardized depression assessment tool and analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparative tests to identify significant variations across demographics. Findings revealed that a majority of participants exhibited mild to moderate depressive symptoms, with 28% reporting moderate levels of depression and 15% showing severe symptoms. Gender differences indicated that female students experienced slightly higher depressive severity compared to males, while age and civil status showed minimal influence on depression levels. The study highlights that depressive symptoms are prevalent among BEED students and that specific demographic factors may contribute to differences in severity, particularly gender. The results underscore the importance of mental health support programs within teacher education programs and the need for targeted interventions to address the psychological well-being of students in their final year of study. These findings provide valuable insights for educators, counselors, and policymakers to enhance mental health awareness and preventive strategies within the academic environment.
Ramelyn B. Huagon, RCrim
This study determined the perceived effects of social support programs and their correlates among persons deprived of liberty (PDL) in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) Cabarroguis, Quirino. A descriptive correlational research design was utilized in this study to determine the perceived effect of social support programs on PDL in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Cabarroguis, Quirino. A self structured questionnaire was used to collect the data needed for this research and purposive random sampling was used to recruit the one hundred (100) PDL of the BJMP Cabarroguis, Quirino. Results revealed that the PDL received enough social support from family, friends, the religious sector, and Non-Government Organization (NGO) and the perceived effect of the social support program was generally effective. These findings suggest that the social support programs should be continuous and maintained to help the PDL cope with the challenges and emotional feelings while they are behind the prison.
RCrim, Vivian P. Avelino
Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL) refers to a child who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as, having committed an offense under Philippine Laws. The purpose of this study was to elaborate the reasons such minor offenders commit crime, to determine the specific challenges that minor offenders faced in their lives following their involvement to crime, to determine strategies or coping mechanism applied by the minor offenders in overcoming challenges and to identify the realization of the participants after committing a crime. Many past researches had not thoroughly discussed the reasons these minors committed crimes, the challenges they faced after being involved in criminal activities, and how they managed to cope with those challenges in their lives. This was a descriptive qualitative research method that identified the influences and causes against former children in conflict with the law. The study conducted was mostly murder cases and few in theft, however it utilized themes to determine the specific background of each participant, such as family-driven motivation, lack of awareness of the gravity of crime, poverty and hunger, desire to regain what was lost, family and social support, religious engagement, self-reflection and rebuilding, regret and desire for redemption, commitment to prevent others from following the same path, and spiritual renewal. The challenges experienced by the participants include difficulty in finding jobs, humiliated, also psychological and emotional problems. Thus, it suggested that create programs that will help former CICL move forward, especially by providing job opportunities and addressing the stigma they faced
Fatin Afiqah Md Azmi, Nurul Athirah Badrul Hisham, Syahirah Balqis Anuar
Efficient administration of small estates in Malaysia is characterized by the complications of the hybrid processes between manual and digital administration, and fragmentation of jurisdiction. This paper examines the operational bottlenecks in the existing system of estate distribution coordinated by the Department of Director General of Lands and Mines (JKPTG) as being the challenges of manual verification, absence of integration of the agencies across states, and security of documents as the major impediments to effective governance. In order to overcome these issues, the paper will offer the Integrated Estate Governance Framework (IEGF) an architectural improvisation based on the Small Estates (Distribution) Act 1955. The framework emerged as a result of adopting a Design Science Research (DSR) approach to the development of the study through the qualitative knowledge of senior officers in the JKPTG in a variety of states. The IEGF integrates a Consortium Blockchain with an AI Engine (to support decisions), Smart Contracts (to automate workflows) and Decentralized Identifiers (DID) with ECDSA (to perform secure authentication). The architecture is designed to be privacy and storage efficient by using Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). Findings show that the IEGF allows the jurisdiction-independent application process and automatic title endorsement through the e-Tanah integration. The paper has come up with the conclusion that a combination of these technologies offers a scalable, transparent, and robust solution to modernize the national land administration.
Analyn S. Clarin, Dionesio L. Manlegro Jr., Imelda O. Reyes
Organizational culture is a critical element that influences how employees interact, make decisions, and contribute to institutional goals. In academic settings, it shapes not only professional relationships but also the delivery of quality education and services. Understanding the challenges employees face in adapting to such culture provides valuable insight into areas for improvement in leadership and governance. This study explored the challenges of the employees on the organizational culture of one of the institutions in Misamis Occidental, Philippines. The participants were the 15 faculty and 15 staff who were selected using purposive sampling. Interview-guide questions was used in gathering the data which were analyzed using yin’s method of data analysis. Results revealed five (4) themes: core values as the foundation of a unified, ethical, and purpose-driven organizational culture; ethical leadership and core values in shaping organizational culture and governance; ethical leadership and inclusive governance amid structural and communication barriers; and values-driven organizational culture as a catalyst for academic excellence and service quality. A strong values-based organizational culture serves as a key driver in improving academic performance and service delivery through ethical role modeling and behavioral consistency. Leadership development initiatives may prioritize ethical training and value-based decision-making to strengthen governance and employee engagement.
Amelie L. Chico, Celso L. Tagadiad, Mirian D. Sido, Rodne L. Flores
This study provides a comprehensive cohort analysis of student enrollment, retention, completion, and graduation trends at UM Panabo College over a five-year period, aiming to evaluate institutional effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. The analysis reveals that the College maintains a consistent average of 1,046 freshmen enrollees annually, with sustained growth attributed to its commitment to providing accessible, quality, and affordable education. The most popular programs include BSBA-Human Resource Management, BSBA Marketing Management, BSBA-Financial Management, and BSED-English. However, significant gaps persist between enrollment and graduation rates, with the overall average graduation rate at 42.37 percent and dropout rates averaging 10.90 percent. Board programs, such as BSED-English and BSED-Mathematics, recorded lower cohort completion rates, primarily due to rigorous licensure requirements and competency appraisal exams, while non-board programs performed better in terms of student progression. The data further indicate that departments such as BEED, BSED-Filipino, and BSED-Mathematics require enhanced academic support due to their lower on-time completion rates. Contributing factors to student attrition include academic preparedness disparities resulting from open admission policies, limited program offerings, and financial constraints that drive students toward tuition-free institutions like Davao del Norte State College. The study recommends adopting data-driven, student-centered strategies such as early warning systems, personalized academic advising, faculty training, and mental health support to improve student outcomes.
Thach Thi Thanh Loan
The Vietnamese word “còn” is a polysemous lexical item and can perform a variety of grammatical functions. It may function as a predicate, adverb, connective or adverbial. This raises the question of whether the words equivalent to “còn” in Khmer exhibit similarities or differences in comparison with “còn” in Vietnamese. This study provides a semantic and grammatical comparison of the Vietnamese word “còn” when functioning as a predicate and its corresponding expressions in Khmer.
Hanafi Haron, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Nur Farah Izzah Hud, Nur Irdina Sahidin, Nur Nina Syamimi Abd Ghani, Nurien Darwisyah Aina Annuar, Nurul Namirah Omar
This paper assesses how adequately employment legal frameworks in Malaysia safeguard the equal pay rights of female employees in the country by comparing Malaysia to a country such as the United Kingdom. It examines the Employment Act 1955 (as amended) alongside the equality guarantees under the Malaysian Federal Constitution to determine whether these legal frameworks provide adequate protection against wage discrimination and unequal remuneration. Comparatively, the Equality Act 2010 of the United Kingdom is assessed as a more advanced framework governing discrimination and offering an opportunity to regulate equality in the workplace. The study employs the method of socio-legal research in a qualitative framework with the help of doctrinal analysis. The semi-structured interviews conducted on purposely chosen respondents who are representatives of NGOs, legal practice, academia, and industrial relations administration were used to gather primary data. Secondary sources consist of legislation, scholarly sources, policy files and reports. The paper also finds that the Malaysian framework is still weak because of definitional loopholes and enforcement vices, as well as cultural structural constraints. In contrast, the UK framework is clear and enforceable. The results advocate the reform strategies in Malaysia, such as better articulation of the rights to equal pay, and more effective enforcement mechanisms in the legislative framework.
Dr. Kuldeep Sharma, Prof. Sunita Godiyal, Shivani Negi
The personality of a teacher plays a crucial role in shaping classroom environments, influencing student performance, and determining overall teaching effectiveness. With the introduction of the Integrated Teacher Education Programme (ITEP) under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, teacher preparation in India has undergone major reform. This study aimed to compare the personality traits of female students enrolled in the four-year ITEP and those in the two-year Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) programme. A total of 100 participants (50 ITEP and 50 B.Ed. female students) from Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Uttarakhand, were selected using disproportionate stratified random sampling. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) developed by Costa and McCrae (1992) was used to assess five dimensions of personality: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-tests using SPSS version 26. The Results showed that ITEP students scored significantly higher in Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion, while no significant differences were observed in Agreeableness and Neuroticism. It was concluded that the ITEP better supports the development of creativity, responsibility, and sociability among teacher trainees, aligning with the vision of NEP 2020 to produce reflective and innovative educators. Meanwhile, both programmes equally nurture empathy and emotional stability, highlighting their continued relevance in teacher preparation
Hanafi Haron, Luqman Abdul Haris, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Mohd Helmi Hassan, Mohd Ikmal Iqbal Baharuddin, Nik Muhamad Azim Nik Azlan, Nik Muhammad Shahrul Aiman Kamalrulzaman
The reliance on fossil fuel is a focal issue among most developing economies because it has brought about repercussions of environmental sustainability, energy security and resilience of the economy in the long run. Malaysia, being a producer and exporter of fossil fuels, still depends on energy sources that are carbonintensive, although the policy has been making efforts to diversify the energy mix. The paper takes the doctrinal and comparative approach to policy analysis to analyse the impacts of government energy policies on the fossil fuel dependence in Malaysia and to use Thailand as a comparative country since both are of similar regional, economic and developmental characteristics. Based on the primary legal and policy documents used as well as secondary sources, the paper evaluates the development of the energy diversification policies, renewable energy policies and policy frameworks in the two nations. The results show that Malaysia and Thailand are both still largely reliant on fossil fuels. However, Thailand has been more organised in integrating its policies to use alternative energy sources by coordinating long-term planning tools. The article asserts that policy coherence and institutional commitment are important factors that influence the outcomes of the energy transition process in a country. It ends by noting that greater policy alignment and implementation systems were required to curtail the reliance on fossil fuels and facilitate sustainable energy production in Malaysia.
Ritika Verma
The present study aimed to examine the relationship between Cyber Crime Awareness and human rights awareness among male and female students at the college level. In the contemporary digital era, increasing use of technology has led to a rise in cyber-related crimes, making awareness of Cyber Crime and Human Rights essential for students. Cyber Crime Awareness helps individuals protect themselves from digital threats, while human rights awareness promotes responsible and ethical behaviour in society. The study adopted a correlational research design and was conducted on a sample of 160 college-level students, comprising 80 boys and 80 girls, selected through random sampling from colleges located in Meerut district. Standardized tools were used to measure Cyber Crime Awareness and Human Rights Awareness among the students. The data were analysed using Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. The findings revealed a positive but low correlation between Cyber Crime Awareness and Human Rights Awareness among boys (r = 0.31), indicating a weak relationship. In contrast, the correlation among girls was found to be negligible and negative (r= −0.02), showing no significant relationship between the two variables. The results suggest that Cyber Crime Awareness and Human Rights Awareness function independently among college-level students, particularly among girls. The study highlights the need to strengthen awareness programs and educational initiatives related to cyber safety and human rights to enhance students’ understanding and responsible digital behaviour.
Garba, Ado Gude, Safiyanu Sulaiman Saleh
As public institutions increasingly adopt digital technologies, it is becoming critical in understanding how AI tools influence employee performance. This study examines the relationship between exposure to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and office work productivity among Office Technology and Management (OTM) graduate employees in public organizations in Kano State. Three research questions guided the study. The population comprised of 187 supervisors of OTM professionals in ministries, departments, and agencies in the State. The sample was 125 using stratified sampling technique. The study adopted a correlational research design. Instrument for data collection was a five-point rating scale questionnaire, containing 10 items each in three sections with Very high level (VHL), High level (HL), Moderate level (ML), Low level (LL) and very low level (VLL). The questionnaire was subjected to face validation by three experts in OTM profession. The internal consistency method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument and an overall reliability co-efficient value of 0.77 using Cronbach Alpha was obtained. Data were analysed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions one and two. While Pearson’s Product Moment correlation was used to answer research question three. Findings of the study revealed a moderate exposure to Ai and office productivity among office professionals, showing a very high relationship between Ai exposure and office productivity. Based on the findings, it was concluded that a high level of exposure to Ai tools is essential for enhanced work productivity by office professionals which would lead to greater efficiency and effectiveness in the overall performance of the organizations. It was therefore, recommended that leadership of public organizations in the state should provide an enabling environment for utilization of Ai tools by the office professionals and sponsor them to acquire requisite competencies in Ai application. In addition, professional themselves should engage in self-training and development on the use of Ai to enrich their abilities and boost their work productivity.
Marcel Jaff Fornkwa
This paper examines English Language textbooks used in Cameroonian secondary schools with the aim of investigating the representation of people with disabilities in the textbooks. The study adopts the content analysis design to analyse the images, sentences and texts used in the textbooks in order to determine the space occupied by persons with disabilities and the ideological perceptions associated to them in the textbook. Data for the study are collected by observing the images and reading through the sentences and texts in the five English Language textbooks used in Form One, Two, Three, Four and Five of the Anglophone sub-system of education in Cameroon – Prime English Book 1, Prime English Book 2, Innovative English Book 3, Prime English Book 4 and Prime English Book 5, respectively. The data are analysed based on the Critical Discourse Analysis framework at two levels. The first stage involves statistical recording of the various occurrences of people with disabilities in the images, sentences and texts, and classifying them according to the different types of impairments (visual, hearing, mobility, mental). The second stage of the analysis involves critically examining the different occurrences of people with disabilities in the textbooks in order to determine ideological perceptions associated with their presentation. The findings reveal the limited space attributed to persons with disabilities in English Language textbooks at both the pictorial and lexical levels. Besides, the rhetoric associated with their presentation in the textbooks is sometimes negative and derogatory. It is recommended that within the context of inclusive education advocated by the government of Cameroon, more space should be allocated to persons with disabilities in school textbooks coupled with a more positive presentation of these people. This would positively influence perceptions and attitude of other learners towards people with disabilities.
Khairunnisa Samsudin, Norasma Bakar, Nurul Syuhada Syafinaz Abd Halim
Introduction: In Malaysia 12.7 percent of children (5–19 years old) are obese and the most recent statement from the World Health Organization in 2021 indicates that approximately 38.2 million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese in 2019 (Wang et al., 2022). Parenting practices being a good role model and using moderate restrictions, significantly impact children's dietary behaviors. Aims: The study aims to assess parental general nutrition knowledge and perception of dietary behavior among their children. The study also aims to determine the association between parental nutrition knowledge, feeding styles, and socio-demographic data. Methods: The quantitative descriptive study design with simple random sampling was used, and it involved 390 respondents among parents. The parent’s general nutrition knowledge and perception were assessed using a General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire. Results: The results revealed that a significant portion of respondents (67.9%) demonstrated an intermediate level of general nutrition knowledge, indicating a moderate understanding of nutrition concepts. Another notable proportion (27.7%) scored higher marks, indicating a higher level of nutrition knowledge associated with healthier eating habits and lifestyle choices. However, a small percentage (4.4%) scored lower marks, suggesting a limited understanding of general nutrition knowledge. Conclusions: Parent nutrition knowledge perception is crucial in shaping children's dietary behavior. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of parents' understanding of nutrition concepts and their ability to translate that knowledge into healthy feeding practices.
Obed Rashdi Syed, Rosmini Omar, Umar Pervaiz
Telecommunications subcontractor firms play a critical role in network deployment, optimization, and service assurance, yet their innovative performance is frequently constrained by misaligned internal capability development processes. While prior research has extensively examined innovation determinants in large operators and technology firms, limited attention has been given to innovation as a process-level challenge within telecommunications subcontractor firms. Addressing this gap, this study develops a structured diagnostic framework for identifying innovation capability constraints in telecommunications subcontractor firms. The study adopts a diagnostic research design informed by action research principles and business process management logic. Multiple organizational diagnostic tools, including SWOT analysis, Fishbone analysis, Root Cause Analysis, and a qualitative risk matrix assessment, are systematically applied to examine internal processes related to training, knowledge transfer, and career development. Insights from a structured literature review integrating the Technology Acceptance Model and Learning Organization theory are used to interpret diagnostic findings and guide the design of theory-informed intervention pathways.
Lany D. Dullas, Reñel M. Sabanal, Rowena A. Rivera
This study aimed to develop a discriminant model to classify the performance of students in Mathematics in the Modern World (MMW) at Pangasinan State University – Asingan Campus based on demographic and support factors. Using a quantitative descriptive-predictive design, data were collected from 154 students enrolled in MMW during the 2024-2025 academic year. Cluster analysis categorized students into high (61%) and low (39%) achievers based on their final grades. While students reported uniformly high levels of individual, motivational, and social support, these factors did not significantly differentiate performance groups. Discriminant analysis revealed that a student’s specific academic program was the most critical predictor. Compared to the baseline course (BSBA MM 1), being an "Education student" was the strongest positive predictor of high achievement, and enrollment in "BIT AT 1" also showed a marginal positive influence. In contrast, demographic variables (age, sex, senior high school strand, parental education) and the measured support factors demonstrated negligible discriminatory power. The resulting model provides a tool for early identification of students at potential academic risk and underscores that program-specific factors outweigh broad demographic and perceived support in predicting mathematics performance. Recommendations include tailoring mathematics instruction to the contexts of non-Education programs and conducting qualitative research to explore the underlying reasons for the pronounced advantage held by Education students.
Aman Daima bin Md. Zain, Engku Ahmad Zaki bin Engku Alwi, Ismahdalillah binti Ariffin, Iyllyana Che Rosli, Mhd Faizal Mhd Ramli, Mohamad Nurul Hafiz Bin Ab Latif, Rahimah Binti Embong, Salem Gharram Allah Mohd Al Zahrani, Zawawi Yusoff
Religious conversion is not merely a theological adoption but a profound reconstruction of identity that intersects with social belonging and psychological stability. However, the prevailing educational landscape for muallaf (new converts to Islam) in Southeast Asia has historically prioritized legalistic compliance and doctrinal memorization, often neglecting the complex psychosocial transitions inherent in entering the faith. This pedagogical disconnect frequently results in a "crisis of belonging," leading to social isolation or spiritual attrition. Addressing this gap, this study employs a meta-synthesis of qualitative case studies and emerging quantitative frameworks from 2010 to 2024, focusing primarily on the pluralistic contexts of Malaysia and Indonesia. We argue that sustainable religious internalization necessitates a shift from didactic instruction to a Holistic Education Model. By critically analyzing successful interventions, this paper posits that effective curricula must integrate four interdependent domains: spiritual cultivation (tazkiyat al-nafs), emotional resilience against familial rejection, intellectual criticality to empower autonomous understanding, and social integration into the Ummah. The findings underscore the efficacy of culturally sensitive pedagogies—such as the use of indigenous storytelling and local dialects—and the pivotal role of transformational leadership in resource-constrained community centers. While qualitative evidence strongly supports these integrative approaches, the review identifies a significant scarcity of longitudinal quantitative data regarding long-term wellbeing outcomes. Consequently, this study concludes by offering a robust conceptual framework and policy recommendations designed to move muallaf education beyond mere ritual competency toward fostering resilient, well-adjusted Muslim personalities capable of thriving within their new spiritual ecosystem.
Mohamed Almoudane
The growing demand for deploying deep neural network (DNN) inference on resource-constrained platforms has intensified challenges related to computational cost, memory footprint, and energy efficiency [1], [2]. Quantization is widely adopted to address these constraints; however, conventional low- bit quantization methods often suffer from severe accuracy degradation, commonly referred to as the performance cliff phe-nomenon [3], [4]. In this work, we propose a unified Quantization-Aware Optimization Framework (QAOF) that bridges high-precision floating-point training and efficient integer-only inference. The framework incorporates a multi-level, layer-wise sensitivity analysis based on the average Hessian trace to characterize loss curvature and guide precision allocation across the network [5]. To mitigate accuracy loss caused by inter-channel and inter-layer distribution mismatch in hybrid architectures, we further introduce Quantization-Aware Distribution Scaling (QADS), which adaptively aligns weight and activation distributions prior to quantization. In addition, computationally expensive operations are replaced with piecewise linear, integer-friendly formulations to ena-ble efficient execution on low-power hardware [6]. Extensive evaluations on representative architectures, including ResNet, MobileNet, and Vision Transformers (ViT), demonstrate that QAOF achieves substantial efficiency gains with minimal accuracy impact. Across standard benchmarks, the proposed method delivers up to 4.2× inference speedup and up to 75% memory reduction, while maintaining accuracy loss below 0.4%. Finally, we provide practical guidelines for selecting between post-training quantization and quantization aware training under diverse hardware deployment scenar-ios [7], [8].
Azlina Abu Bakar, Muhammad Bazlan Mustafa, Noor Fadzliana Ahmad Jaafar, Taufiqnur Selamat
Motivation is a crucial psychological construct that influences students’ engagement, persistence and academic achievement, particularly at the secondary school level. This study aims to validate the instrument of motivation among secondary school students. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for this study involved a total of 130 Form Four students who were selected using a random sampling technique. This study uses an instrument from the Work Preference Inventory (WPI) built by Amabile, T.M (1994). This instrument consists of 30 items involving two constructs, which is intrinsic motivation (challenge and enjoyment) and extrinsic motivation (external and reward). The data were analyzed descriptively by access Alpha Cronbach reliability and EFA analysis using SPSS software. The results of the analysis show that Alpha Cronbach value is 0.835 which is more than 0.60. Results from the exploration factor analysis show that nine factors with Eigen values is greater than 1.0. The KMO value (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) 0.735, Bartlett Test was significant p <0.05, variance value=67.725%, anti-image correlation value >0.5, communalities >0.5 and factor loading >0.5. However, there are six items that need to be removed because the values of factor loading obtained are less than 0.50, items M8, M10, M12, M19, M23 and M29. Thus, the overall findings show that the items for motivation can measure among secondary school students
Muhamad Syafiq Kamalruzaman, Norhazren Izatie Mohd, Shamsulhadi Bandi, Zafira Nadia Maaz
Despite decades of work on safety initiatives, incidents of safety failure recur regularly in the construction field because critical safety knowledge is not being shared and shared effectively where it matters most, on-site. This systematic review examines the results of 41 studies published from 2021 to 2025 to clarify how safety knowledge sharing is currently taking place and why breakdowns persist. Using the tool PRISMA, the review finds widespread dependence on toolbox meetings, inductions, digital systems, and informal peer learning, but sees these practices as fragile because of 8 entrenched barriers: language and communication issues, poor organisational culture, digital fragmentation, loss of tacit knowledge, resource constraints, project discontinuity, psychological insecurity, and limited transferability across context. These barriers, taken together, negatively affect workers' willingness and ability to exchange functional safety knowledge. The review emphasizes the need for more than just procedures for meaningful knowledge sharing; it also calls for leadership support, a psychology of safety, integrated digital workflows, and mechanisms to retain experiential knowledge in temporary, high-turnover teams. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for establishing learning- oriented safety cultures, as well as research opportunities, particularly in Malaysia, where empirical evidence remains scarce.
Bryan Francis, Hanafi Haron, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Muhammad Ashraf Mohd Nor, Nurul Areena Ahmad Nizam, Nurul Jannah Mustafa Khan, Nurulhuda Adabiah Mustafa, Siti Ainan Hamdani, Tuan Nur Aisyah Ruzana Tuan Rahim
Malaysia is a country that heavily relies on non-renewable energy to produce electricity. However, emerging from the pandemic that began in late 2019, one problem has been highlighted about Malaysia's energy sector, which is the resilience of the energy system and the industry itself. Hence, this paper will provide an insight into the nexus between the use of sustainable energy and the principle of energy resilience. It will attempt to describe the situation regarding the use of sustainable energy in Malaysia, as well as the current phase of resilience that Malaysia is in right now, as this is to address the issue of energy security and reliability in the country. In addition, the paper will also discuss the energy industry in Germany as a point of reference since it is a country that has progressed significantly in transitioning towards renewable and sustainable energy, which the Malaysian government can emulate the law in that country for reforming the energy industry/sector in Malaysia. Lastly, the paper will also provide recommendations and suggestions based on the findings of the possible alternatives of sustainable energy resources that Malaysia may adopt to achieve the principle of energy resilience.
Cinderella A. Javier, Jo-Ann Y. Solomon
This quantitative study utilized Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to validate a multivariate structural model that predicts Educational Management Practices (EMP) among school leaders and administrators in Local and State Universities and Colleges in Davao, Region XI. The research investigated the direct and indirect influence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Emotional Leadership (EL), and Work-Life Balance (WLB) on EMP. The final, revised model demonstrated an excellent global fit to the data, confirming its reliability. Findings established that OCB is the most potent and direct predictor of effective EMP (β=.83, p<.001). Crucially, the positive influence of Emotional Leadership on EMP was found to be fully mediated through OCB (β=.581, p<.001), demonstrating that a leader's emotional support is effective by successfully boosting discretionary staff effort. Conversely, the model confirmed that Work-Life Balance does not have a statistically significant total effect on educational management practices (β=.083, p=.184). This validated structure provides a data-driven framework for academic institutions, highlighting that fostering positive staff behaviors is the primary mechanism for achieving high-quality management outcomes.
K. T. Mbambo, M. Kalengay, M. Shihako, Mary L. Muyenga
Shortage of water provision sources has become a major problem for many growing cities all over the world due to climate change. Hence, adoption of different water conservation techniques at different institutions and communities is paramount. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) becomes an excellent technique of water conservation for future needs. We have reviewed the different methods to harvest water and propose the use of a rooftop rainwater harvesting structure for the University of Namibia (Rundu) campus located in Kavango East region. Different parts of the RWH system were reviewed based on standard guidelines. It was observed from the analysis that implementation of RWH system can resolve the water scarcity problems during rainy season by storing a huge quantity of approximately 105 840 litres per month in a year. The implementation of this initiative can help reduce considerably the water utility bill and the energy use required for water pumping and treatment.
Ang Sze Yen, Noor Hidayah Azhar, Nur Ajeerah Othman, Puteri Nur Eiman Megat Mohd Aminuddin
Defamation law in Malaysia has shifted notably in recent years, largely driven by the explosion of digital media. While the Defamation Act of 1957 still provides the legal backbone, the rapid pace of online communication has created new tensions between protecting someone’s reputation and upholding free speech. Examining landmark cases like Dato’ Seri Anwar Ibrahim v. Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad ([2001] 4 MLJ 332) shows how courts in Malaysia have grappled with tricky legal concepts such as “malice” and “justification”, particularly when political figures and journalists are involved. These cases shed light on how allegations and defenses are evaluated in highly charged public discourse. In today’s online world, defamation takes on a different character. Viral posts, retweets, and shares can inflict serious harm within seconds, often before anyone can respond or clarify (Jones & Lee, 2022). Social media platforms raise numerous legal uncertainties; who bears responsibility, and how can someone clear their name when platforms prioritize speed over accuracy?. This paper also draws on legal traditions in the UK and Singapore to offer a broader context (Asari, 2017). Those jurisdictions grapple with similar issues, and their approaches may offer Malaysia valuable lessons on balancing press freedom with personal dignity. Ultimately, this study argues that Malaysia’s defamation laws, rooted in colonial-era legislation, have not kept pace with digital realities. What’s urgently needed is updated legislation accompanied by more transparent and enforceable platform policies. Only then can we strike a reasonable balance between freedom of expression and protecting individuals from reputational harm (O’Connor, 2024).
Bama Periasamy, Nor Azni bt Abdul Aziz, Roshafiza bt Hassan
Despite completing the National Professional Qualification for Educational Leaders (NPQEL) training, many novice principals in Malaysia continue to face challenges in translating theoretical knowledge into practical competencies. These gaps manifest in weak instructional leadership and limited school improvement, raising concerns about the effectiveness of existing leadership preparation programs. Mentoring by School Improvement Partners (SIPs) has been introduced as a potential support mechanism. Yet, there is a lack of consolidated empirical evidence regarding its impact on enhancing leadership talent, instructional leadership, and overall competency. This systematic literature review (SLR) therefore synthesizes quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies published between 2015 and 2025 on mentoring for school leaders. Following PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched, screened, and reviewed to identify themes related to leadership talent, instructional leadership, and mentoring outcomes. The findings consistently demonstrate that mentoring strengthens novice principals’ confidence, role clarity, instructional leadership practices, and overall competency. Studies further highlight the mediating role of mentoring in linking leadership talent to improved school leadership performance. The review contributes to the literature by clarifying the relationship between mentoring and competency development, while offering practical insights for policymakers and training providers to refine principal preparation and mentoring frameworks in Malaysia.
Allan Jay S Cajandig, Reynald B. Perez
This systematic literature review, guided by PRISMA 2020, synthesizes 27 empirical studies (2020– 2025) on digital tools for self-assessment feedback loops to enhance problem-solving skills in General Mathematics among Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) senior high school students in the Philippines. Amid persistent low proficiency (e.g., PISA 2022), databases like Google Scholar and ERIC were searched using Boolean terms ("self-assessment" AND "digital tools" AND "mathematics" AND "TVL"). Inclusion criteria targeted secondary/TVL samples, English-language empirical works with quantitative/mixed outcomes. Results reveal small-to-moderate effects (mean Hedges' g = 0.48), with real-time platforms (Google Forms, GeoGebra, Jotform analogs) boosting rubric scores by 20-26% via immediate feedback and metacognition. Philippine studies (n=9) showed strongest gains (g=0.51), moderated by teacher PD. Themes include usability (mean SUS=84), autonomy, and barriers like connectivity. Discussion affirms alignment with self-regulated learning theory, validating Jotform for TVL contexts when PD-supported. Recommendations urge longitudinal RCTs and DepEd policy for equitable edtech scaling, addressing gaps for 1.5M learners.
Ochieng Stella, Owuor Sheila
This systematic review examines the literature on the use of greenhouse technology and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in tomato production. It focuses on the effects on yield and economic returns, as well as the challenges farmers face. Following the PRISMA method, we conducted a thorough search of academic and institutional databases. Studies have shown that combining greenhouse and IPM practices significantly improves yield stability and farm profits by reducing biotic and abiotic stressors. However, farmers still face significant barriers to adoption, such as high upfront costs, limited access to credit and quality inputs, and a lack of technical training. The review also highlights the growing role of ICT-based services in supporting IPM use. This synthesis offers essential insights for policymakers and extension services seeking to promote resilient, sustainable tomato production systems, especially for smallholder farmers. Future research should examine long-term socioeconomic impacts and context-specific adoption models.
Nor Ahsan nor Azman, Shaharil Mad Saad
Emergency alert systems that rely solely on auditory signals pose significant risks tothe Deaf and Hard- of-Hearing (DHH) community, especially in public and crowded environments. In response to this accessibility gap, this project focuses on the design and implementation of a vibrotactile emergency alert bracelet that delivers non-auditory feedback using real-time environmental sound recognition. The bracelet integrates an Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect microcontroller, which featuresan onboard MP34DT06JTR MEMS microphone (Arduino, n.d.), and employs a mini vibration motor and OLED display to provide tactile and visual alerts. Emergency sound types, including fire alarms, sirens, and public announcements, are classified using machine learning models trained with Edge Impulse. The vibration feedback is controlled through Linear Resonant Actuators (LRAs), chosen for their efficient, low- power haptic performance in wearable devices. Feature extraction is performed using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), and classification models are evaluated based on accuracy, latency, and robustness to untrained samples. The system was validated through real-world testing, and results demonstrate high classification accuracy for tonal alerts and effective user recognition of vibration patterns. Limitations remain in detecting speech-based announcements. Battery drains tests and user surveys confirm the system’s reliability for daily short-term usage. This project presents a cost-effective, wearable solution that enhances situational awareness and safety for the DHH community in emergency scenarios.
Dian Sari., Rahmawati Muin, Wahyuddin Abdullah.
This study aims to examine the practice of accountability in the management and distribution of zakat funds in the WIZ institution by emphasizing accountability based on the principle of tawazun in the perspective of Shariah Enterprise Theory (SET) and its impact on community welfare. The focus of this research includes how the concept of balance between material and spiritual aspects is manifested in institutional accountability practices, how accountability is interpreted by managers, and how the practice is perceived by donors and beneficiaries. The research method used is qualitative with an ethnomethodological approach, which aims to understand social practices and the meaning of accountability built through the daily interaction of institutional managers. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation. The research informants consist of WIZ managers, donors, and beneficiaries, with supporting data in the form of program reports and documentation of institutional activities. The results of the study show that accountability in WIZ is not only oriented to administrative reporting, but more inclined to tawazun-based accountability, which is a balance between accountability to Allah, people, and the environment as affirmed in Shariah Enterprise Theory. This practice is reflected in the transparency of the distribution of funds, communication with social and spiritual values, and program orientation that is not only economical, but also empowering and honoring the beneficiaries. The implications of this study show that the application of tawazun-based accountability in the perspective of SET contributes to improving people's welfare holistically, covering economic, social, and spiritual aspects. In addition to increasing donor trust, this practice also strengthens the sustainability of zakat institutions in carrying out their role as institutions oriented to the benefit of the people.
Alya As’saadah Roshali, Nik Hazimi Mohammed Foziah, Noor Fadzlina Mohd Fadhil, Rosli Mohamad
Agriculture and food security are becoming increasingly important in the Malaysian economy, as the nation continues to focus on ensuring a stable and sufficient food supply for its growing population. Within this context, aquaculture has emerged as a crucial sub-sector that contributes significantly to the availability of affordable protein sources, supports rural livelihoods, and strengthens national food security. The expansion of aquaculture activities has not only created business opportunities but also encouraged innovation in farming methods, resource management, and market distribution. As the sector continues to grow, aquaculture entrepreneurs play an essential role in maintaining consistent production and meeting consumer demand at both local and national levels. Despite this, research on accounting challenges in the agriculture sector and the solutions provided by Accounting Information System (AIS) has limited empirical evidence, which this study aims to address by investigating AIS competency among aquaculture business owners in Malaysia. The purpose of the study is to address critical challenges in accounting management relevant to AIS competency in aquaculture. The study employs a qualitative research design using in-depth interviews with aquaculture entrepreneurs. A thematic analysis of the data was conducted to identify potential underlying weaknesses in management accounting practices. Results showed that some recurring problems include a shortage of proper record-keeping practices, ignorance of the accounting system, a lack of accounting knowledge and exposure, and poor discipline and awareness regarding record-keeping practices. Overall, these findings the need for greater investment in AIS competency among agricultural sector stakeholders, particularly aquaculture entrepreneurs, to improve accounting practices and advance sustainable business development.
Abban Emmanuel, Edward Buxton
This study addresses a significant gap in the literature concerning the application of Adinkra cultural symbols within the modern Ghanaian memorial service industry. While extensive research exists on Adinkra's philosophical meanings and its general use in branding, its specific function as a strategic communication tool within professional funeral administrations remains unexplored. The main objective of this research was to investigate how memorial service providers in Ghana employ Adinkra images as semiotic signs to build brand identity, facilitate communication, and support the bereaved. The study adopted a qualitative, descriptive research design to provide a detailed account of this phenomenon in its natural context. Data were gathered through field observations, document reviews, and semi-structured interviews with representatives from twenty four funeral homes in the Greater Accra Region. The analysis revealed two key findings. Firstly, establishments strategically select specific Adinkra symbols, such as Gye Nyame, to signify trustworthiness and spiritual integrity, using them for brand differentiation. Secondly, these symbols are integrated into the architecture of bereavement, with signs like Asomdwee (Peace) creating a therapeutic environment to offer psychosocial comfort to grieving families. Based on these findings, the study recommends that industry bodies develop formal training on the culturally-sensitive and therapeutically-informed use of Adinkra symbols to enhance professional practice and client care.
Marvel Jude Rufin, Roel T. Lim
This study examined the administrative challenges encountered by School Administrative Officers (SAOs) in monitoring the education-related conditionalities of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in selected public schools within Cluster 1–5 of Surigao del Sur. The program, designed to enhance school participation among children from economically disadvantaged households, relied heavily on accurate and timely compliance monitoring at the school level. Despite their crucial role, SAOs often faced significant workload, limited resources, overlapping functions, and coordination difficulties. Recognizing these operational constraints, the study aimed to determine the extent of administrative challenges, describe the SAOs’ monitoring practices, and assess the perceived effectiveness of compliance monitoring to inform context-specific interventions that strengthen the program’s implementation. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing a validated self-constructed questionnaire complemented by interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews. Results revealed that SAOs experienced serious challenges in terms of capacity and resources (M = 4.003) and workload and role overlap (M = 3.997). Nevertheless, SAOs performed their duties at a compliant level (Overall M = 3.796), particularly in tracking and recording attendance (M = 3.85) and coordinating with the Department of Social Welfare and Development (M = 3.822). Compliance monitoring was perceived as more effective overall (M = 3.966), especially in accuracy and timeliness (M = 4.039). Findings underscored the need for streamlined processes, capacity-building, digital monitoring tools, and stronger inter-agency collaboration. Strengthening administrative support for SAOs is essential to improving the integrity of 4Ps monitoring and sustaining educational gains among beneficiary learners.
Daryl I. Quinito, Jayson T. Hilario
This study examined the level of implementation of the duties and responsibilities of Administrative Officer II (AO II in selected public schools in the Division of Camarines Norte and their participation in educational leadership, as well as the relationship between these variables. The study employed a quantitative descriptive–correlational research design and involved 89 Administrative Officers II from Bicol-speaking towns using total enumeration to ensure data reliability. Data were collected through an adopted survey questionnaire during the 2025-2026 academic year. The duties and responsibilities of AO IIs were assessed in terms of personnel administration, property custodianship, general administrative support, and financial management, while participation in educational leadership was examined through strategic planning, curriculum implementation, human resource management, and school performance. Findings revealed that AO IIs generally demonstrated a high level of implementation of their administrative duties, with property custodianship and general administrative support rated highest, and financial reporting tasks rated lowest. The respondents also exhibited a high level of participation in educational leadership, particularly in strategic planning and human resource management, while their involvement in curriculum implementation was comparatively lower. Statistical analysis showed significant positive relationships between the level of duty implementation and participation in educational leadership, with strategic planning yielding the strongest association. The major challenges identified included heavy workload and limited access to professional development opportunities. Based on the findings, an intervention program titled AOS: Advancing Organizational and Strategic Leadership of Administrative Officers was proposed to enhance administrative efficiency and leadership participation.
Mary Ann Q. Baluran
This study examined the effectiveness of administrative officers’ roles in school operations and instructional leadership and their relationship to teachers’ satisfaction in selected public schools in the Division of Oroquieta City. Using a descriptive correlational research design, 120 teachers provided perceptions of administrative officers’ performance in resource management, human resource coordination, record keeping, policy implementation, curriculum development, teacher support, student monitoring, and learning environment creation. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s r. Findings revealed high perceptions of administrative effectiveness and instructional leadership, very high teacher satisfaction, and highly significant positive relationships between operational effectiveness and instructional leadership with satisfaction. It is concluded that strong administrative and instructional leadership positively enhances teacher satisfaction. It is recommended that administrative officers continue improving operational practices, provide ongoing professional development, recognize teacher achievements, and maintain supportive learning environments to sustain high teacher satisfaction and school performance.
Boit, Rose, Mbugua, Doris, Nyongesa, Godfrey
Trade unions are entities operating within the confines of the law and are recognized as the formal outfits fronting and protecting workers fundamental rights and interests. They oversee labour – related matters and strive to ensure there is enhancement of workers living standards and wellbeing in the place of work. They achieve this through working with employers and government to create a better working environment, creation of harmonious industrial relations and as critical partners and citizens of society. Workers join trade unions for such benefits as higher wages, better benefits, job security, safer working conditions, improvement of their lot and the right to have input into workplace affairs. Conversely, trade unions require conducive environment for their operations and agitation, particularly when governments and policies threaten to weaken collective bargaining engagements. This paper therefore, examines the substantial strides that have been made towards the advancement of trade unions in Kenya over the years. It also analyzes the environment that trade unions in Kenya currently operate in. Though the labour movement in Kenya has developed significantly due to the opening up of the democratic space, this paper opines that, the environment under which the unions are operating is still not robust and conducive enough as it should be for the trade unions to fully thrive.
Anne Mbwayo, Everlyne Mbusa Mutamba, Lucy Njiru
The study aimed to examine the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and associated correlates among adolescents at a rural private high school in Kenya. A cross-sectional research design was used, and 595 adolescents aged between 13-18 years were selected. Stratified random and simple random sampling methods were used to attain the sample size. Socio-demographic questionnaires, the ten-item short version of ACE, and Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ) questionnaires were used in data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test found that ACEs were significantly associated with emotional and behavioural problems, with statistical significance at P < 0.05. Multivariate analysis revealed that students in forms one and two were at a higher risk of having ACEs. Higher ACE risk was also found among children living in a single-parent family setup. Being Muslim and exhibiting normal emotional and peer problems were found to be protective factors, as they were associated with lower levels of ACEs. This study was limited to one sub-county; thus, the study findings cannot be generalized to the whole country. Future studies can target students from high economic backgrounds and urban areas to assess the prevalence of ACEs and their impact on associated correlates.
Ayu Haniezyea Ramzi, Melor Md. Yunus, Wong Wei Lun
In recent years, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners have significantly transformed the approaches to English language learning, especially in the teaching and learning of writing skills. Writing is known as a fundamental component of language proficiency. Hence, technological advancements offer innovative methods to address the persistent challenges often faced by these learners in acquiring writing proficiency. This systematic literature review investigates the impact of AI-powered tools on the improvement of writing skills in second English language learners, such as ESL and EFL learners. Following the PRISMA guidelines, the review synthesises findings from 31 studies published between the year of 2021 and 2025, identifying prevalent AI tools and analysing their effectiveness in enhancing learners’ writing skills. Despite traditional instructional methods, persistent challenges in grammatical accuracy, limited vocabulary, and poor organization hinder effective expression among ESL/EFL learners, thereby necessitating the exploration of effective technological aids. The growing reliance on AI for educational support, especially among language learners, raises the need to examine how these tools are applied and what outcomes they generate. The review revealed a range of efficacious AI tools, notably ChatGPT, Grammarly, Quillbot, Gemini and a variety of other AI tools. Next, the review also underscored the significant potential of AI tools to positively impact writing skills such as accuracy in grammar and mechanics, vocabulary and style development, feedback and revision processes and narrative writing abilities. Thus, the findings of this systematic literature review provide evidence-based insights for educators and researchers regarding AI integration to enhance writing skills among ESL/EFL learners.
Ayasal Anthony Auya PhD, Biodun Bukky Ogundipe, Ekaette, Glory Edem PhD, Ugonna Obi-Emeruwa PhD
This study investigates the relationship between airline policy choices and operational efficiency at Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport (NAIA), Abuja, with the aim of identifying strategies to enhance performance and align policy objectives with practical implementation. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative data from surveys and secondary sources with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews and case studies. Statistical analyses, including correlation, regression modelling, and ANOVA, reveal significant positive relationships between policy compliance scores and key performance indicators such as flight punctuality, passenger throughput, baggage handling times, and cost per passenger. The findings underscore the critical role of regulatory frameworks in driving operational efficiency while highlighting systemic challenges, including infrastructural deficits, technological obsolescence, and resource constraints. Comparative analysis with global airports demonstrates the transformative potential of digital innovation, stakeholder collaboration, and capacity building in overcoming these barriers. Based on the results, the study proposes actionable recommendations for policymakers, including the adoption of advanced technologies, modernization of infrastructure, and enforcement of unified regulatory standards. These measures are essential for addressing localized inefficiencies and positioning NAIA as a competitive aviation hub within the African region.
Fidlizan Muhammad, Noorulziwaty Kamaruzaman, Salwa Amirah Awang, Umi Syahidah Anuari
Malaysian youth currently face significant socio-economic challenges, including a moderate risk of mental health issues and a persistent unemployment crisis. To improve the well-being of this group, altruism is deemed as the key mechanism for developing the social and ethical skills necessary to navigate these challenges and foster societal resilience. Utilizing a quantitative survey approach with 328 polytechnic students, the research aims to establish a descriptive baseline of altruistic beliefs and behaviours among the Gen Z of Malaysian youth. Findings indicate a "Very High" level of altruistic belief (Mean = 4.3780), characterized by a strong emotional inclination toward helping others. However, actual altruistic behaviour was rated as "Moderate" (Mean = 3.3355), revealing a distinct "intention-behaviour gap". While respondents frequently engage in low-risk daily courtesies such as “picking up rubbish’’ or assisting classmates’’ they are less likely to participate in high-stakes actions like blood donation or providing rides to strangers. Spearman’s Rho correlation analysis confirmed a moderate positive relationship (rs = .406, p < .01) between beliefs and acts, suggesting that while the two are significantly linked, internal convictions do not always translate into practice. The study concludes that although Malaysian youth possess a strong moral foundation, external or internal barriers hinder consistent altruistic practice. It is recommended that future interventions should focus on action-oriented strategies and providing low-barrier opportunities for community engagement rather than further value-based education.
Adi Hatim Sharif Ahmed, Ainul Mardhiyyah Tajudin, Muhammad Ikhwan Hakeem Zulkifli
Wrongful dismissal disputes in Malaysia are often analysed in terms of procedural fairness, yet the potential reputational impact of termination has received less attention. This paper examines whether dismissal without just cause can affect an employee’s standing or reputation, and under what circumstances the courts recognise such consequences. The analysis is based on two Malaysian court decisions in the cases of Mohd Sobri Che Hassan v Pihak Berkuasa Tatatertib Majlis Perbandaran Seberang Perai & Anor [2024] MLRHU 1721. The High Court assessed damages for wrongful dismissal, which had already been declared unlawful by the Federal Court. While the court awarded back wages, increments, allowances, and accumulated leave, it rejected the employee’s claims for humiliation and reputational loss. Referring to Milicent Rosalind Danker & Anor v Malaysia Europe Forum Berhad & Ors [2012] 5 MLRH 392; [2012] 2 CLJ 1076, the court held that damages for reputation are not recoverable in a contractual claim for wrongful dismissal, as such losses are too remote under section 74 of the Contracts Act 1950 and may only be pursued through a defamation action. In contrast, the case of Mohamed Fahamy v Iscada Net Sdn Bhd [2020] MLJU 1062 involved defamatory allegations linked to termination, where the court awarded damages to reflect the injury to reputation. By examining the reasoning in these judgments, the study identifies the factors that lead to reputational considerations being acknowledged in wrongful dismissal disputes. The objective is to determine whether, and in what circumstances, wrongful dismissal results in reputational consequences in Malaysian case law, and to situate these findings within established principles on remedies in employment law. The discussion also reflects on how the balance between employer authority and employee rights is maintained when reputational harm is in question.
Uduwila Uparathana
The hydraulic civilization of ancient Sri Lanka is built upon a unique foundation blending advanced engineering technology and spiritual beliefs. Among the various symbols associated with the irrigation industry, the 'Naga' figure holds a special position. This research explores the archaeological as well as the socio-cultural value of Naga symbols found in association with ancient tanks, sluice gates, and water gardens. The primary objective here is to understand the reasons for employing the Naga as the main guardian of water sources and how the usage of this symbol evolved from animistic beliefs to a creation of Buddhist art. Data for this has been gathered through the study of primary historical chronicles and archaeological reports, as well as field observations of key sites belonging to the Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa eras. Research findings indicate that the Naga symbol fulfilled two purposes: namely, acting as a spiritual protector believed to control rain and water, and serving as a semiotic marker highlighting the importance of water management. Symbolizing prosperity and protection, the transformation of the Naga from an animal form to a human-like 'Naga Raja' figure is clearly evident through the evolution of guardstone designs.
Uduwila Uparathana
The hydraulic civilization of ancient Sri Lanka is built upon a unique foundation blending advanced engineering technology and spiritual beliefs. Among the various symbols associated with the irrigation industry, the 'Naga' figure holds a special position. This research explores the archaeological as well as the socio-cultural value of Naga symbols found in association with ancient tanks, sluice gates, and water gardens. The primary objective here is to understand the reasons for employing the Naga as the main guardian of water sources and how the usage of this symbol evolved from animistic beliefs to the creation of Buddhist art. Data for this has been gathered through the study of primary historical chronicles and archaeological reports, as well as field observations of key sites belonging to the Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa eras. Research findings indicate that the Naga symbol fulfilled two purposes: namely, acting as a spiritual protector believed to control rain and water, and serving as a semiotic marker highlighting the importance of water management. Symbolizing prosperity and protection, the transformation of the Naga from an animal form to a human-like 'Naga Raja' figure is clearly evident through the evolution of guard stone designs.
Basil Hamusokwe, Nusa Shingalili
This paper discusses results of a study which explored corporate reputation management as a critical strategic asset for public utilities whose survival and legitimacy depend on sustained public trust, service reliability and transparent stakeholder engagement. The data were collected from 50 residents of Kapiri District in the Central Province of Zambia by means of structured questionnaires. This data were subjected to quantitative analysis using the Social Sciences Statistics Package. The study adopted a pragmatic research philosophy and employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design to enhance the depth and validity of findings. At the qualitative phase semi-structured interviews with seven ZESCO Public Relations personnel and two commercial farmers who relied heavily on electricity for production activities were conducted. These qualitative data were analysed thematically to explore internal reputation management practices, institutional constraints and stakeholder experiences during the crisis. The results of the study demonstrated that frequent load shedding, delayed fault resolution, inadequate transparency and continued billing during outages significantly undermined stakeholder trust and organisational credibility of ZESCO. The main conclusion of the study was that ZESCO’s reputational challenges were driven primarily by misalignment between service delivery and communication strategies rather than the absence of reputation management mechanisms while recommending that the organization needed to decentralise communication structures, enhance operational responsiveness and institutionalise customer service charter to restore stakeholder trust and strengthen public utility legitimacy.
Evangeline G. Daton
This study aimed to assess and evaluate the implementation of the Crisis Management Plan among public and private elementary schools in Koronadal City and to formulate intervention strategies to enhance the existing plan. The respondents of the study were school heads and teachers from two public and two private elementary schools with established Crisis Management Plans, with a total of 108 participants. The study employed a descriptive mixed-method research design, utilizing quantitative data to determine the level of efficiency and effectiveness of plan implementation and qualitative data to identify the hindering and facilitating factors affecting implementation Quantitative data were gathered through a structured survey questionnaire using a four-point Likert scale, while qualitative data were obtained through Focus Group Discussions. Descriptive statistical techniques, including frequency, percentage, and ranking, were used to analyze the quantitative data, and thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative responses. Based on the results of the study, intervention strategies were formulated to enhance the existing Crisis Management Plan and to continually ensure the safety and well-being of all school stakeholders.
Prof. Palas R. Sengupta, Tanisha Kansal
The study aims to explore the factor structure of government school teachers of Darjeeling district of West Bengal with respect to Person Job Fit (PJF), Person Organization Fit (POF), Job Satisfaction (JS) and Employee Performance (EP). These constructs are considered vital to understand the effectiveness of a teacher, alignment with the workplace as well as overall organizational outcomes in the organization. A total of 275 teachers responded to the Likert scale questionnaire designed to capture their perceptions across the four constructs. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed to investigate the underlying dimensions of the construct including PJF, POF, JS and EP. Prior to factor extraction, measures of sampling adequacy and suitability were assessed to ensure the robustness of the analysis. The findings of EFA showed the presence of four distinct factors corresponding to the construct. All retained factors showed acceptable factor loadings, and the extracted factors exhibited strong internal consistency and reliability, indicating that the measurement instrument was both valid and reliable for the study population. The findings add value and provide empirical evidence to support the multidimensional nature of the construct and relevance of fit in shaping the employee’s performance among the government school teachers. The study contributes to the existing knowledge of teacher workforce dynamic in Darjeeling district of West Bengal and lays the groundwork for future research by recommending the use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
Arlene B. Laurel
The implementation of the K-12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines introduced Senior High School (SHS) as a critical stage where students must select an academic strand aligned with their interests, abilities and future career goals. This decision is particularly significant because it influences students’ academic readiness, motivation, and long-term educational outcomes. For Grade 10 learners, choosing among SHS strands such as Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM), Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), and General Academic Strand (GAS) often occurs at a formative stage when self-awareness and academic guidance are still developing. Consequently, inaccurate or poorly informed strand choices may lead to academic difficulties, disengagement, or later program shifts, underscoring the importance of informed and evidence-based SHS decision making. In recent years, educational institutions have increasingly explored the use of machine learning (ML) techniques to support academic advising and student performance prediction. ML-based decision-support systems offer the potential to analyse large volumes of student data and uncover patterns that may not be immediately apparent through traditional counselling approaches. However, despite their predictive power, many existing ML models particularly ensemble and deep learning methods operate as black-box systems. These models generate predictions without providing clear explanations of how decisions are made, limiting their suitability for educational contexts where transparency, accountability, and human oversight are essential.
Erastus Juma Wamalwa
This paper reports on a study that was undertaken in 2025 that sought to establish the teachers’ use of the Language Immersion model for instruction in English language against translanguaging for teaching English as a second language. The study was undertaken in Sub-County Secondary Schools in Bungoma County in Kenya and was guided by Swain Merrill’s Output Hypothesis (1985) theory. The study employed the quantitative research design and approach using quantitative techniques. The study population comprised 16 teachers of English and 96 students taking English subject in purposively selected sub-county secondary schools. Questionnaires were used in quantitative data collection. The findings revealed that less than 25% of the teachers of English were using Language Immersion as a teaching strategy in English instruction as 37.5% teachers frequently used other strategies. The research also established that only 12.5% of the teachers felt that Language Immersion enhances Second Language achievement to a considerable extent. Only 18.75% of students indicated that their teachers do not use another language, meaning these are the teachers that fully embrace language immersion in the instruction of English. The study concluded that the teachers of the English language in sub-county secondary schools in Bungoma County in Kenya do not significantly use Language Immersion as a teaching strategy despite the current policy guidelines that demand exclusive use of English as the medium of instruction apart from when teaching Kiswahili language. This study therefore recommends that the Ministry of Education in Kenya should consider revising the policy on the medium of instruction as a paradigm shift in the teaching of language to include other novel strategies for enhanced learner achievement in English as a second language.
Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli, Hussaini Aminu Basaka, Rayyanu Kabir Danfulani, Zubairul Islam
Management of Social security in Nigeria has consistently been marred with errors, corruption, and fraud, hence exacerbating the already severe poverty level of the citizens of Nigeria. Analysis of the implementation of the petroleum industry act 2021 as a Strategic framework was conducted for possible means of improving social security administration in Nigeria. Despite these, there are many questions waiting to be answered. What is the level of public awareness on PIA? Which aspects or areas of PIA can improve social security? How successful have past social security been? This study looks at the key aspects of social security in relation with PIA. It also recommends the necessary measures with respects to PIA. In order to achieve the aim, the following procedures were considered; Data collection, Desktop research, review of PIA document, questionnaires across the area councils, stakeholders were interviewed and data were analyzed. Social security can be improved so long as legal framework is strengthen, there is transparency in found allocation and welfare programs are looked into. The research showed that about 40% Nigerians are living below the poverty line, low awareness of PIA, majority rated past social security programs as unsuccessful and rising crimes linked to economic disparity in Nigeria. Strict recommendations should be considered in order to achieve the aims. The religious leaders and traditional rulers should be seriously involved because they are closer institutions to the masses. Adequate public sensitization and orientation should be undertaken through a body such as National Orientation Agency on any proposed social security programs or measures. The study revealed that there are correlations between legislative provisions as exemplified in relevant sections of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA, 2021) with respect to enhancement of social security for economic growth. Responses and feelers from respondents in this research revealed that most of the previous social security measures undertaken by different administrations fell short of expectations, and thus failed to achieve the desired aims due majorly to corruption, lack of relevant/applicable national data, inadequate information/orientation to public/citizens and hence poor management.
Okorji, Utchay, PhD, Perri Precious, Simeipiri Johnbull, PhD
Housing plays a very significant role in a person’s standard of living and place in the society as its impact is profound in the health, welfare and output of man. The aim of this study was to assess the housing deficit in urban cities, focusing specifically on Port Harcourt. The study utilized structured questionnaire to gather data from 368 respondents, representing 92% of the sample size. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency tables and chart. This study highlights the significant housing deficit in Port Harcourt, underscoring its critical impact on the city's population and socio-economic stability. The results confirm that the housing shortage, driven by factors such as rapid urbanization, economic constraints, high land prices, and poor urban planning, has led to overcrowding, rising housing costs, and deteriorating quality of life. The study recommends that government initiates a comprehensive policy reform focusing on improving housing affordability, regulating land prices, and incentivizing private sector involvement. The study also recommends public-private partnerships (PPPs) in improving housing availability, emphasizing that government should seek to foster stronger collaborations with private developers to address the housing crisis.
Abi Bagas Kusuma, Awan Niki Prasetyo, Rizky Dwi Cahyono, Seto Nur Alamsyah, Yudi Prastyo
This study aims to analyze the factors that cause printing defects in label products in the Quality Control section of PT. XYZ. Data collection is carried out through observation of the production process, operator interviews, and analysis of inspection results. The analysis methods used include fishbone diagrams and the 5 Why approach. The results of the study show that the most dominant print defect in PT. XYZ is the result of blur printing (40%), followed by color mismatch (30%) and register inaccuracy (15%). The main causative factors come from human, machine, material, and inconsistent work methods. Recommendations for improvement at PT. XYZ includes regular engine calibration, improvement of operational standards, and operator training to reduce recurring defects. This research is expected to be a reference for companies in improving the quality of label production in a sustainable manner.
Rcrim, Riechel M. Villarta
Vehicular accidents remain one of the leading causes of injury, death, and property damage in the Philippines, posing serious challenges to public safety and law enforcement agencies. Road crashes not only result in loss of lives but also create social and economic burdens for families, communities, and the government. This study aimed to analyze vehicular accidents in the City of Santiago, Isabela, based on the records of the Philippine National Police for the year 2024. The study employed a quantitative descriptive-analytical research design using documentary analysis to examine existing vehicular accident records from the Philippine National Police. The findings show that vehicular accidents in the City of Santiago are mostly attributed to motorcycles, due to their increasing number of users, affordability, and fuel efficiency. Most accidents in the city occurred in January, coinciding with higher travel volumes after the holiday season. Furthermore, the majority of vehicular accidents happened during late-night hours, likely due to driver fatigue after long working hours, which may also increase the likelihood of speeding in an attempt to reach home sooner, further elevating the risk of accidents. Moreover, the main cause of these accidents was driver recklessness, indicating that most accidents in the city are preventable if drivers exercise caution.
Anne Langat
Language is an important tool in our society and in human life in particular. It plays an essential function not only in communication but also in restoring and maintaining harmony in interpersonal relationships. The style in which language is used portrays a lot about the language users and the audience. This paper focuses on two major codes in language that have become common with language users in recent times. These are: code switching and code mixing. Language users have different reasons as to why they employ the two codes. Amongst some, the two codes could be used to display their creativity. This study specifically analyzed the use of code switching and code mixing in four of Joel Kimetto’s religious songs (Hatari Corona, Wolowoli, Rat Torosta & Kichigili). In his earlier songs, Joel Kimetto sang his lyrics using purely the Kipsigis language. In recent times, though, his songs are marked by switches and mixes from other languages, English, and Kiswahili. These two languages are the official languages in Kenya, with the Kiswahili language being recognized as the national language too. This explains why there is frequent and inevitable contact of these two languages and the Kenyan indigenous languages, resulting in code switching and code mixing by language users. The researcher was interested in highlighting the switches and mixes in Joel Kimetto’s songs, establishing the reasons why the artist uses them, and the attitude of the listeners towards their usage. The researcher listened to Joel Kimetto’s songs and described the switches and mixes. An interview with the artist was carried out to establish the reasons for the usage. A selected target population of 40 Kipsigis language respondents was picked, and a questionnaire was used to survey their attitudes towards the usage of code switching and code mixing in the selected Joel Kimetto’s songs.
Ferdous Azam, Mazuki Jusoh, Upendra Ranaweera
Transfer of training accorded to employees at the work place is increasingly becoming the focus of contemporary researchers. The intensity of competition in the world of is ever increasing. Adding to the complexities in justifying training expenditure is the intangible nature of the product. Using a systematic literature review method, 45 peer reviewed articles were analyzed to identify key factors influencing training effectiveness. The review synthesizes evidence on how structured training approaches—spanning reaction, learning, behaviour, and results—support sustainable skill development and organizational impact. Many scholars have made revelations on the subject of training transfer and Donald Kirkpatrick (1959) with his four level Kirkpatrick model (KM) has been highlighted for over six decades. Many of these scholars who have expressed views on the transfer of training contend that Models such as Baldwin and Ford’s Transfer of Training and Holton’s Learning Transfer System Inventory are examined to highlight the role of learner motivation, organizational climate, and contextual alignment in maximizing transfer. Findings suggest that integrating evaluation models with workplace specific training design enhances both individual competencies and organizational outcomes. of training transfer. However, there has been no absence of critics of the KM. Notable critics of the KM include Alliger and Janak (1989), Phillips (1996) and Saidi, Fung, Turner and Lim (2024), suggesting that arguments for and against the Kirkpatrick model and the subject of training transfer will continue in to the future too. Mehner, Rothenbuch and Kaufeld (2025) and Alam and Islam (2025) were the last of for many scholars to support the KM. This literature review paper is intended to contribute more on the subject of “transfer of training into workplace behaviour”, to the knowledge base already available in the academic world. The intent of doing so is to delve deeply into a specific area.
Douglas A. Salazar, Gloribien Gem C. Bacang, Nora Mae A. Bacang
Mainstream learners are often marginalized in the classroom when instructional practices fail to address their specific educational needs. These are difficulties or disabilities that make it harder for a child to learn than most peers of the same age. This preliminary study examined the effectiveness of a learning brochure as an instructional intervention in Biology 8 in the topic Stages of Mitosis among mainstream learners. A one-group pretest–posttest design was employed to assess changes in academic performance and to examine the relationship between learner profiles and test outcomes. It showed that the majority of the respondents were female and aged 13-15 years, they completed a pretest, then independently studied a take-home learning brochure for 24 hours, and completed a posttest. Due to the small sample size, non-parametric statistical analysis was used. Results revealed a strong, statistically significant negative correlation between age and posttest scores (ρ = −0.708, p = 0.049), indicating lower posttest performance among older mainstream learners. A moderate positive correlation was observed between pretest and posttest scores (ρ = 0.490), though this relationship was not statistically significant (p = 0.218). These suggested a general trend that better initial performance leads to better final performance, thus, the learning material in Biology 8 showed initial effectiveness in the positive performance of the mainstream learners. Subsequently, gain scores implied that the learning brochure may support improved academic performance. Future researches should involve larger samples, longer study periods, and additional Biology topics to promote its relevance.
Aida Hanim Binti A.Hamid, Ma LinjieMa Linjie
This qualitative study explores how school leaders in urban Chinese K12 schools perceive, implement, and navigate artificial intelligence and educational analytics in school management. Despite strong national policy promotion of AI driven educational transformation, empirical evidence on AI leadership practices in China remains limited. Drawing on semi structured interviews with eight principals and administrators from six public and private schools in Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, the study identifies four interrelated themes: an instrumental understanding of AI, fragmented application scenarios, multifaceted implementation challenges including limited expertise, ethical and privacy concerns, insufficient policy guidance, and resource constraints, and enabling leadership strategies such as vision building, professional development, data culture cultivation, and external collaboration. Based on these findings, the study proposes a contextualized AI leadership framework for Chinese K12 schools that conceptualizes AI integration as a dynamic interaction among policy directives, leadership agency, technological resources, and organizational culture. The findings offer theoretical insights into context sensitive AI leadership and provide practical implications for school leaders and policymakers seeking to promote strategic, ethical, and sustainable AI integration in education.
Frances Nneka Nwabufoe., Hasel Akpevwe Owobu, Josephine Osatohanmwen Adeyeye, PhD.
The researchers examined the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in contemporary journalism in Benin City. The study sought to understand how journalists in Benin City integrate AI into their work, and the challenges they face using traditional practices and regulatory concerns. Anchored on the Technological Determinism theory and Diffusion of Innovation theory, the researchers employed the survey research method and questionnaire as data collection instrument. The population of the study covered all registered journalists in the Nigerian Union of Journalists (NUJ) working in Benin City and purposive sampling technique was used in administering 186 copies of questionnaire on the sample size that was arrived at using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample size determiner. Findings of the study revealed, among others, that journalists (68.5%) in Benin have not fully adopted AI into journalism practices due to lack of training, infrastructure, and regulatory support. The researchers recommended targeted training programmes and the establishment of robust regulatory frameworks that address ethical concerns to ensure responsible AI use in Nigerian journalism
Godfrey Tsvuura, Nothando Tutani, Reason Gobvu
This conceptual research paper explored the standardization needs of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in records management within developing countries, with a particular focus on Zimbabwe. The study is grounded in the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework developed by Tornatzky and Fleischer (1990), which explains how technological, organizational, and environmental factors influence the adoption and implementation of innovations. Guided by this theoretical lens, the paper employed a qualitative, documentary review methodology to analyze existing literature, international standards (such as ISO 15489-1:2016 and ISO 23081-1:2019), and national policies relevant to AI and records management. The objectives of the study are to: (i) assess the current state of AI application in records management in Zimbabwe, (ii) analyze the adequacy of existing international standards in addressing AI-driven recordkeeping, (iii) identify key areas requiring standardization to enhance interoperability and compliance, and (iv) propose a framework for standardizing AI-based records management systems. Findings revealed that while AI adoption in Zimbabwe’s records management sector is growing, it remains uncoordinated and unstandardized, with significant challenges in metadata consistency, legal compliance, and ethical governance. The study results further indicated that current ISO standards do not fully account for the complexities of AI-powered automation, leading to gaps in data integrity, algorithmic transparency, and interoperability. Drawing from the TOE framework, the paper proposed a context-sensitive standardization framework comprising four components: (i) data preparation and quality management, (ii) AI algorithm transparency and explainability, (iii) performance evaluation and ethical oversight, and (iv) policy alignment with international and national regulatory instruments. The study concluded that standardization is critical to ensuring the authenticity, reliability, and usability of AI-generated records in Zimbabwe and other developing nations. It recommended the development of localized AI standards, capacity building for records professionals, integration of AI governance in policy frameworks, and regional collaboration to harmonize AI-driven records management standards across Africa. The proposed framework provides a pathway toward trustworthy, efficient, and legally compliant records management systems in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Egbuna, Ngozi. Eunice, Ekwugha, Uchenna Patricia, Kalu, Chris Ulua
This paper examines how artificial intelligence (AI), e-commerce, and digital trade are reshaping global trade systems and what these changes mean for Africa in general and particularly for Nigeria. These three elements now sit at the centre of modern economic transformation. AI enhances how firms make decisions, e-commerce changes how goods and services are bought and sold, and digital trade expands how value moves across borders through data, platforms, and digital services. Understanding how these systems interact is essential for countries seeking inclusive and competitive economic growth. Africa has made notable progress in digital adoption over the past decade, but the region as a whole still lags behind, with respect to global averages, in most digital indicators. Internet penetration remains low, data affordability continues to be a challenge, and many countries struggle with outdated or inadequate digital policies. Despite these challenges, the continent has strong potential driven by a young population, rapid mobile adoption, and emerging digital entrepreneurship ecosystems. The challenge lies in turning this potential into sustained economic gains.
Abdillah Mustari
Islamic inheritance law represents one of the most systematically structured domains within Islamic legal doctrine, yet it simultaneously constitutes a contested arena in modern legal and ethical discourse. One of the most debated concepts within this field is ashabah, a mechanism determining residuary heirs who receive the remaining estate after the allocation of fixed shares. This article aims to analyze the concept of ashabah in Islamic inheritance jurisprudence through normative, historical, and contemporary critical approaches in order to assess its relevance to principles of justice and public welfare in the modern era. This study employs a qualitative method with a normative-critical orientation. Data are derived from a comprehensive literature review of primary sources, including the Qur’an, Prophetic traditions, and classical Sunni juristic texts across legal schools, as well as secondary sources consisting of contemporary academic literature on Islamic law, legal history, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, and gender justice. Analysis is conducted using textual, historical, and conceptual-analytical approaches to examine the construction and implications of ashabah. The findings indicate that ashabah constitutes an ijtihād-based legal construct that played a significant functional role in the classical inheritance system but lacks explicit grounding in the Qur’an. The concept was shaped by the patrilineal social structure of early Arab society and legitimized through Prophetic traditions and the practices of the Companions. In practice, ashabah may generate distributive inequities, particularly affecting women, when applied without consideration of changing social contexts. Through a maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah framework, the study demonstrates that distributive justice and the protection of vulnerable groups must serve as primary benchmarks in evaluating inheritance law. The study concludes that ashabah is not a final or immutable doctrine but remains open to contextual reinterpretation. The contemporary relevance of Islamic inheritance law depends on its capacity to realize justice and public welfare as its core objectives. These findings carry significant implications for the development of Islamic inheritance jurisprudence and the reform of Muslim family law.
Monaliza A. Pumihic
Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly vital role in education, yet future educators’ readiness and perceptions of AI remain key considerations for its effective integration. This study investigated the attitudes of Future Science Educators toward AI, specifically focusing on the behavioral, cognitive, and emotional/affective dimensions. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the predictors of these attitudes, including demographic variables such as sex, age, and frequency of AI use. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, data were collected from 82 voluntary members of the Future Science Educators Organization (FSEO) at Nueva Vizcaya State University, Bayombong Campus, through a survey questionnaire. The results showed that the respondents generally exhibited positive attitudes toward AI in all the dimensions, with the cognitive dimension showing the "Agree" interpretation. The emotional and behavioral dimensions also elicited "Agree" interpretations but reflected slight hesitations concerning the practical application of AI in personal contexts. No significant differences in attitudes toward AI emerged when grouped by sex or age, and a very weak, non-significant correlation emerged between the frequency of AI use and attitudes. Regression analysis further confirmed that sex, age, and frequency of AI use were not significant factors of attitudes, explaining only 0.3% of the variance. Implications for policy and practice are discussed by the researcher to guide the effective integration of AI into future science education.
Oloyede Olayinka, Olutomi Oloniyo, Vincent Ajulo
Background: The success of public health interventions in developing countries is often hindered by poor data quality and fragmented reporting systems. Nigeria’s National Health Logistics Management Information System (NHLMIS) was developed to digitize supply chain data, yet its success depends on the intersection of infrastructure and workforce readiness. This study evaluates pre-implementation readiness among health workers to inform evidence-based rollout strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in 2019 among 514 health facility representatives across four states: Kogi (n=175), Taraba (n=143), Cross River (n=99), and Kano (n=97). Data were collected via a paper-based tool prior to the NHLMIS training to capture authentic predispositions. A digital readiness index (0–4) was constructed based on personal and facility hardware ownership, mobile phone access, and prior training. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations in Python. Results: High individual readiness was observed, with 92.1% mobile phone ownership and 62.5% having prior computer training. However, a significant institutional gap exists; only 40.1% of facilities possessed a functional computer. Despite high mobile penetration, 64.6% of participants preferred computer-based data entry, citing a superior user interface (55.4%) as the primary driver. The readiness index revealed disparities by facility level (Tertiary: 2.58 vs. Primary: 2.21) and ownership (Private: 3.12 vs. Public: 2.31). Conclusion: The study identifies a "readiness paradox" where health workers possess the necessary skills and personal tools, but lack the institutional hardware required for sustained digital reporting. To ensure the sustainability of digitized systems in resource-constrained settings, implementation must move beyond software training to prioritize hardware availability at all levels of health facilities and a software with optimized mobile interfaces for complex logistics tasks. These findings provide a blueprint for closing the last mile infrastructure gap in digital health transitions.
Aqilah Filzah Abdul Jamil, Siti Mazwin Kamaruddin
This study is to fill the research gap towards the advancement of micro mobility infrastructure as an important safety aspect. Micro mobility encompasses a broad spectrum of mobility options that are, in comparison to automobility, ‘micro' in terms of energy demand, environmental effect, and use of road space. There is still a lack of research on micromobility users’ needs. This study objective is to evaluate the micro mobility users’ level of satisfaction towards the facilities and infrastructure aspects of micro mobility in the study area. The study area is Seksyen 14 i.e. the central business district of Shah Alam, Selangor. Descriptive analysis and cross tabulations of survey data from 161 users were obtained through a purposive sampling method. For the data analysis, the researchers used a Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) to analyse the data. It is simple and allows for any form of weight attribute to each variable. The main findings revealed that the users are generally unsatisfied with the infrastructure, facilities and safety aspects of micro mobility. Users mostly use micro mobility for recreational purpose and less for work or other purpose. Remedial actions suggested including provision of a dedicated micro mobility lane or route and improved infrastructure. The findings are consistent with several studies of micro mobility in urban areas globally. The significance of this study adds to the current body of knowledge on micromobility users’ perceptions related to safety and provision of infrastructure. This can benefit the municipalities future planning and design of more suitable infrastructure towards advancement of micromobility usage.
Ahmad Suffian Mohd Zahari, Najihah Marha Yaacob, Suhana Abd Rahman, Wan Anisabanum Salleh
This study examines service quality within the Internal Equipment Maintenance (IEM) Department of an oil and gas company by applying the SERVQUAL framework to assess key dimensions of service performance. Given the critical role of equipment maintenance in ensuring operational safety and reliability, understanding stakeholders’ perceptions of service quality is essential for continuous improvement. The research utilizes the five SERVQUAL dimensions—tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy—to measure the gap between customer expectations and actual service delivery. Data were collected through structured surveys administered to internal clients and department personnel, followed by quantitative analysis to identify areas of strength and weakness in service provision. Findings indicate significant gaps in responsiveness and communication practices, while tangibles and assurance were relatively aligned with internal expectations. The study offers actionable recommendations for enhancing service quality through targeted process improvements, employee training, and performance monitoring systems. By operationalizing the SERVQUAL model within an IEM context, this research contributes to both academic literature and practical strategies for improving maintenance service quality in complex industrial settings.
Chukwuemeka Ifegwu Eke, Sunday Omini Abam
Emergency Communication Centres (ECCs) play a critical role in disaster management by serving as the first point of contact between households and emergency response agencies. This study assesses the effectiveness and sustainability of Emergency Communication Centres in disaster management in Abuja, Nigeria, with a specific focus on operational performance and household satisfaction. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and data were collected from 384 households across Abuja Municipal Area Council using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were employed to evaluate key dimensions of operational effectiveness, while binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with household satisfaction. The findings reveal that ECCs in Abuja demonstrate moderate to moderately high operational performance, particularly in professionalism of call-takers, clarity of guidance, and coordination with response agencies. However, response speed at the initial contact stage, especially time to answer calls, emerged as a key area of concern. Overall household satisfaction was moderate, with just over half of respondents reporting satisfaction with ECC services. Regression results indicate that operational performance indicators did not significantly predict satisfaction, while educational attainment emerged as the only significant predictor, suggesting that user expectations play an important role in satisfaction assessments. The study concludes that while Emergency Communication Centres in Abuja are operationally functional, gaps at the first point of contact and inconsistencies in service experience limit their sustainability. Enhancing call-handling efficiency, strengthening communication consistency, and managing user expectations are essential for improving household satisfaction and reinforcing the long-term effectiveness of emergency communication systems in urban disaster management.
Wenla Mae T. Billones
Civil registration is a fundamental public service that provides individuals with legal identity and enables access to various social, economic, and legal benefits. In the Philippines, civil registration services are implemented at the local level through Municipal Civil Registry Offices (MCROs) under the supervision of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). This study assessed the effectiveness of civil registration services in the Municipality of Balasan, Iloilo, a second-class municipality. A descriptive approach was adopted through the review and analysis of administrative records, program reports, and relevant national policy issuances on civil registration. The findings highlight key service initiatives of the MCRO of Balasan, including mobile registration activities, registration assistance programs, and the promotion of awareness campaigns in selected barangays.
Adedoyin Ibosiola, Isibor Areghan (PhD)
Monetary policy remains a cornerstone of macroeconomic management, particularly in emerging economies where interest rate signals play a crucial role in influencing financial market behaviour. This study investigates the impact of Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) changes on bond prices and yields in Nigeria between 2015 and 2024. Anchored in the Expectations Theory of the Term Structure of Interest Rates, the study employs an ex post facto research design and utilizes monthly time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Debt Management Office (DMO), and other credible institutions. Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and Vector Error Correction Modeling (VECM), the study finds a statistically significant positive relationship between MPR and bond yields, and a corresponding negative relationship between MPR and bond prices. The findings also reveal that inflation and exchange rate volatility are important mediators in the transmission of monetary policy to the bond market. While bond yields respond more swiftly to MPR adjustments, bond prices exhibit slower and asymmetric reactions, pointing to inefficiencies in the Nigerian bond market. These results underscore the importance of policy clarity, inflation control, and macroeconomic coordination in strengthening the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission. The study contributes to the empirical literature on monetary policy and provides actionable insights for policymakers, investors, and regulators in Nigeria's financial system.
Gift Masaiti, Lidah Kamanga
Community participation is a central pillar of Zambia’s decentralisation agenda and is formally embedded within the design and implementation of the Constituency Development Fund (CDF). This paper examines the nature, extent, and effectiveness of community participation in the implementation of CDF projects in selected constituencies. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study analysed quantitative data from 70 respondents alongside qualitative evidence from interviews with Ward Development Committee members, Councillors, Experts who manage CDF, and project beneficiaries. Descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Exploratory Factor Analysis were employed to examine participation patterns, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. Findings indicate that community participation is strongest during project identification, with declining involvement during implementation and monitoring. While descriptive results indicate moderate satisfaction with engagement (mean = 3.54; SD = 0.96), inferential analysis shows that community participation does not have a statistically significant effect on successful CDF implementation (F = 0.594; p = 0.001). Qualitative findings attribute this gap to limited civic awareness, procedural participation, political interference, and weak technical capacity at the community level. The paper concludes that while community participation is institutionally recognised, it remains largely consultative and insufficient to influence implementation outcomes. Based on these findings, the study recommends institutionalising community participation across all stages of the CDF project cycle through strengthened civic education, capacity building for local actors, and enforceable accountability mechanisms to enable communities to exercise meaningful influence over implementation and monitoring processes.
Noorazman Bin Abd Samad, Nurfirdawati Muhamad Hanafi, Zarina Md Ali
Assessment literacy has become a central concern in higher education, particularly as institutions seek to ensure that assessment practices validly and fairly represent student learning. In particular, educators’ capacity to develop high-quality assessment items remains a critical yet underexplored dimension of assessment literacy. This review synthesises existing literature on assessment literacy in higher education, with a specific focus on item development practices and related competencies. A thematic systematic literature review was conducted using four academic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and Google Scholar. The review prioritised recent empirical and review studies, while also incorporating seminal works foundational to assessment literacy and cognitive alignment. Relevant studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and analysed using thematic synthesis. The findings identify four dominant themes: (1) conceptualizations of assessment literacy; (2) core assessment literacy competencies encompassing knowledge, skills, and attitudes; (3) principles of item development and cognitive alignment; and (4) challenges and gaps in higher education assessment practices. The review highlights a limited availability of structured, practice-oriented frameworks that explicitly support educators in developing cognitively aligned and valid assessment items. Overall, the findings underscore the need for clearer, practice-oriented guidance and targeted professional development initiatives that support educators in translating assessment literacy principles into cognitively aligned assessment items.
Nur Naimah Mohamed, Nurshuhada Mohamed
This paper examines the existing accounting methods practiced by Malaysian public listed companies in agricultural sector in relation to palm oil trees, which falls under biological assets. The results based on the interview of six palm oil plantation companies indicate that the cost method is the most practiced method as compared to the fair value method. This is because the complexity of fair value raises problems to the company in measuring palm oil trees, and also gives impact to profit and loss account. Furthermore, fair value raises controversial issues particularly relating to palm oil trees where the income-producing biological assets have long economic lives that stretch beyond ordinary accounting periods. The fair value method was introduced by IAS 41 (Agriculture) as measurement method for biological assets. Since palm oil trees gives huge contribution to Malaysia’s economy, it is necessary to study this new proposed standard of agriculture before it is implemented in order to determine whether it would bring more advantages or disadvantages to Malaysian plantation companies as well as the Malaysia’s economy as a whole.
Lorena O. Cipres
Living in the Bicol Region of the Philippines, the efficacy of evacuation centers is paramount. This case study presents a qualitative evaluation of the Sta. Cruz Evacuation Center in Naga City, assessed against national standards, the Sphere Handbook, and LEGS (Livestock Emergency Guidelines and Standards). Despite Naga City's proactive approach to disaster preparedness, the center received a concerning "Low Compliance" rating of 2.71 out of 5 (93 out of 127 points), indicating significant deficiencies. Key findings reveal a strong formal structure for camp management (CMC), but critical operational gaps. These include the absence of a readily accessible physical Camp Management Plan (CMP), unclear roles within the Camp Management Team (CMT), and insufficient training for personnel. Information management is particularly weak, lacking a pre-disaster family profiling system. While basic facilities like shelter, accessibility for persons with disabilities, community kitchen, and storage areas show high compliance, severe deficiencies exist in sanitation, particularly desludging and sewage disposal, which received a "NOT COMPLIED" rating. Safety is also compromised by the center's location in a flood-prone area and inadequate structural resilience.
Jonathan Mrewa, Margaret Machingambi
Zimbabwe's commitment to inclusive education through the Education Amendment Act of 2020 requires systematic evaluation of infrastructure adequacy for learners with developmental disabilities. Despite policy mandates, empirical assessment of educational infrastructure remains limited, creating implementation challenges that compromise meaningful inclusion. A concurrent mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted across 28 urban schools in Masvingo Province during the first quarter of 2025. Participants included 189 teachers, 56 administrators, and 112 parents of learners with developmental disabilities. Data collection employed validated instruments including the School Infrastructure Assessment Tool, Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale for Inclusive Practices, semi-structured interviews, and structured observations. Quantitative analyses included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and multiple regression, while qualitative data underwent framework analysis using NVivo.
Everjoy Maramba
Substance use disorders (SUDs) results in stigmatized conditions which end up causing self-stigma in individuals with substance use disorders. It is said that, self-stigma occurs when individuals internalize societal stereotypes and negative attitudes towards oneself which is a significant psychological barrier that individuals with substance use disorders often face. The impact of self-stigma on treatment seeking, recovery and overall wellbeing of individuals with SUDs has been widely recognised. This study aimed to assess self-stigma in individual with SUDs who were being treated at a local psychiatric clinic in Harare. A descriptive simple random sampling of both sexes was done. A structured questionnaire comprising of validated measures was used to assess self-stigma adapted from Substance Abuse Self-Stigma Scale. Consent was sought verbally and in writing before collecting data. The results of this study showed that individuals with SUDs feel as burdens to their families, SUDs defines a person’s worth and limit opportunities were the major factors that led to self-stigma. Self-stigma was impacted by difficult to disclose, isolation and social withdrawal, barrier to accessing support, diminish self-worth and esteem that hindered recovery process. The findings also showed the preferred interventions by this sample population which were implementation of anti-stigma campaigns, access to accurate and non-stigmatizing information and counselling. It is anticipated that, by reducing self-stigma, treatment seeking behaviours, treatment adherence and overall well-being among individuals with SUDs can be improved.
Bernard C. Fabro, Gian Carlo G. Onia, James Michael Cello, Janette Grace N. Siervo, Lovely B. Nacional, Marc Wilson F. Go
The ability to effectively categorize and segregate objects based on visual characteristics is one of the key preconditions of quality control, food processing, and logistics in the rapidly changing environment of modern industrial automation. Although manual sorting remains traditional, it is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and is also prone to human error. Consequently, there is a high demand to invent intelligent, automated versions of the practice. The current paper describes the process of developing, manufacturing, and implementing a low-cost, automated color-sorting device, especially tailored to confectionery products in the form of spheres, using the medium of Skittles. This project aims to recreate the capabilities of large-scale industrial optical sorters by applying the concepts of mechatronics, sensor fusion, and embedded system control into a small desktop system. The architecture of the system is built around the Arduino Nano microcontroller, which is the main processing unit. A TCS34725 RGB sensor is used to detect the colour precisely because it has an infrared (IR) blocking filter and an I2C interface communication, which significantly reduces spectral noise generated by ambient light. Mechanical actuation is achieved by a two-servo system, including a continuous-rotation servo to rotate a slotted Geneva-like wheel to isolate and convey items and a standard positional servo to drive a directional chute. In order to achieve the stability of their operation, the power distribution network is divided into two logical and power rails through lever-nut connectors in order to isolate the sensitive sensor data of the motors and the electrical noise produced by them. The control software adopts a state-machine algorithm that includes self-calibration procedures, real-time RGB thresholding, and error-handling routines aimed at overcoming mechanical jams. The kind of accuracy of sorting is about 90 per cent according to the experimental validation when the lighting conditions are controlled. In turn, this project shows how robotics and computer programming can be used practically in automation, and proves that the complex industrial tasks can be successfully modeled with the help of the available and inexpensive hardware.
Carlo B. Cortezano, Hania R. Ali, Jhenycis Matthew L. Buenafe, Joshua Miguel F. Gannaban, Meshelle N. Fabro
This study presents the design, development, and evaluation of an automated greenhouse climate control system using a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller. The system addresses the limitations of manual environmental monitoring in small-scale greenhouse applications by providing continuous, real-time sensing and automated regulation of critical environmental parameters. Temperature and humidity significantly influence plant growth, and unstabl vbce conditions may result in plant stress, reduced growth efficiency, and lower yields.
Andre Axel M. Grageda, Andrei Lanz P. Domingo, Bernard C. Fabro, Dhustin V. Peñarubia, James T. Laurza, Russel S. Del Rosario
Automated systems have become increasingly significant in modern infrastructure, particularly in enhancing convenience, accessibility, and safety. This study presents the design and implementation of an Automated Sliding Door System using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The system utilizes a DC geared motor controlled through an L298N motor driver to enable smooth opening and closing of the sliding door. A motion detection mechanism, such as a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor, is employed to detect the presence of a person near the entrance, triggering the automated operation of the door. Additionally, limit switches are integrated to define the maximum open and close positions, ensuring safe operation and preventing mechanical damage. The Arduino Uno serves as the central controller, processing sensor inputs and generating appropriate motor control signals. A 7.4V lithium-ion battery pack provides sufficient power to the motor driver and control circuitry. Experimental testing demonstrates that the system operates reliably, responding accurately to motion detection and stopping at predefined limits. The proposed design is cost-effective, energy-efficient, and suitable for small-scale automation applications such as residential doors, offices, and commercial establishments.
Dr. Daniel Ameh
This article takes a fresh look at the growing unrest in Northwest Nigeria. It sees banditry not just as a sign of a failing state or basic crime, but as a changing violent economic and political system. It goes beyond old ways of thinking to argue that violence is a tool used on purpose to gain wealth and show power. This has led to unofficial state-building by armed groups not part of the government. The paper looks at the many causes such as widespread poverty and lack of jobs for young people weak government control in some areas, and the easy access to guns and other weapons. It shows how violence is used to make money through mass kidnapping for ransom stealing large numbers of cattle, forcing farmers to pay, and taking over natural resources and trade routes. The study also shows how these groups that take from others have to make their own rules, provide security by force, and even settle arguments. This creates a separate system of control that goes against the usual government power. Using recent writings from 2020 and after, this study gives a deep look at this growing security problem and what it means for how the area is run. It suggests: (1) to deal with poverty through specific growth plans; (2) bringing back government control and make the official justice system stronger, and (3) disrupting the illicit financial networks that sustain the banditry political economy.
Barnabas Onyango, Duncan Owino Sino, Edwins Baraza
This study examines whether and why smaller commercial banks in Kenya expand more slowly than larger banks, using tier-segmented panel data (Tier I versus Tier IV) over 2015–2024. Bank expansion is proxied by annual asset and deposit growth. Explanatory variables capture size (log assets), cost efficiency (cost-to-income ratio), funding cost (interest expense-to-deposits proxy), asset quality (NPL ratio), and capital adequacy (core capital-to-RWA). Across pooled OLS models with heteroskedasticity-robust (HC3) standard errors, capital adequacy emerges as the most statistically robust and economically meaningful correlate of slower expansion: a one-percentage-point increase in the core-capital ratio is associated with approximately 3.29 percentage-point lower asset growth and 4.55 percentage-point lower deposit growth. Size is directionally positive but imprecisely estimated once controls are included, while efficiency does not mediate the size–growth association. The results highlight a growth–prudence trade-off in which prudential buffers materially constrain balance-sheet expansion for small banking segments. The paper contributes rare tier-segmented evidence from an African emerging market and offers implications for proportional regulation, capital calibration, and consolidation–competition trade-offs in Kenya.
Jun Stephen B. Enoc
This study addressed the Bantay Dagat program and practices: the work life of the police officers in charge of the Bantay Dagat program in Northeastern Bohol. Specifically, the study sought answers on the following experiences of the informants as police officers in charge of Bantay Dagat, how the informants addressed the challenges in the performances of their duty, and the aspirations of the informants as Bantay Dagat police officers. This study utilized a qualitative method of research using a phenomenological approach to describe the experiences of the police officer in charge of Bantay Dagat, employing the interview as the key to data gathering. Ten (10) informants were assigned as police officers in charge in Bantay Dagat of the police station in the municipalities of Anda, Bien Unido, Buenavista, Clarin, Getafe, Inabanga, Mabini, President Carlos P. Garcia, Talibon, and Ubay. All of them were interviewed individually. The researcher made an interview guide containing open-ended questions, and a tape recorder was used to ensure the accuracy of the responses of each informant. The researcher utilized Collaizzi's method, a phenomenological analysis procedure used to analyze transcripts during the conduct of the interviews.
Virginia Laquinon Teves
This study aimed to explore the awareness, effectiveness, and challenges of the Barangay Justice System in Dapa, Surigao del Norte. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed-method design, the research involved 363 barangay officials and community members who participated in BJS proceedings. Key findings indicated high awareness among respondents regarding the BJS's importance, Lupon's constitution, dispute resolution processes, case coverage, and agreement execution. While both groups rated the BJS as very effective across conciliation, mediation, and arbitration, barangay officials perceived higher effectiveness in mediation and arbitration than dispute parties, though no significant difference was observed in conciliation. Further, the main challenges identified includes limited legal knowledge and training, perceived external influence, and weak enforcement power. Hence, this study recommends the conduct of mandatory legal and ethics training, institutional reforms, clearer guidelines, enhanced DILG support, and strengthened community education for sustaining the BJS as a reliable, fair, and community-based dispute resolution mechanism.
Danilo D. Pastorfide
Barangay level is the basic unit in the public governance where the basic and immediate services of the government can be found. Direct governance and public service is essential part of the nation building because it is the frontline that delivers and implements all the programs and projects from the local and national government level. This study was conducted to identify the governance practices and challenges of Barangay Officials in delivering the public service as a basis for developing a project that will enhance the public office governance. The researcher used a descriptive-quantitative method. A self-made questionnaire was used to gather the data and using the purposive sampling the 46 respondents were identified. The research reveals that there is a start of generational shift in political officials in the barangay level. In the governance practices it is notable that public servants were proactive in governing the barangay however, they are lack of training that will capacitate them to further enhance their ability to increase the pace of development in their barangay. There are also identified challenges and issues that needs to be resolve through different extension service and partnership with the academic institutions.
Buruchara, Josephine N
Women’s entrepreneurship is widely recognized as a critical driver of inclusive economic growth, poverty reduction, and employment creation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite increased policy attention and institutional support, women entrepreneurs in Kenya continue to face persistent structural, social, and individual barriers that affect the sustainability of their businesses. This study examines the barriers influencing business success among women business leaders in Kenya, with success operationalized as the number of years a woman’s most successful business has been in operation. Using survey data collected from 52 women business leaders, the study analyzes nine commonly cited barriers: start-up costs, access to financing, market knowledge, employment commitments, family responsibilities, regulatory barriers, social capital, marital support, and ethnic discrimination. Quantitative analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, multiple regression with ANOVA, bivariate regression, and discriminant analysis. The findings indicate that while financial and regulatory barriers are perceived as significant obstacles at a descriptive level, they do not consistently predict business longevity when examined alongside other factors. Instead, market knowledge and employment commitments emerge as the most robust predictors of sustained business operation. Women who report better understanding of markets and fewer conflicts between employment and entrepreneurial activities tend to operate businesses for longer periods. Discriminant analysis further demonstrates that the combined barrier profile meaningfully distinguishes women whose businesses have achieved at least moderate longevity from those whose ventures are nascent or absent. The study contributes empirical evidence highlighting the importance of informational and time-related constraints in shaping women’s entrepreneurial outcomes in Kenya. The findings suggest that policy and programmatic interventions should complement financial support with targeted efforts to strengthen market intelligence, business development skills, and flexible work arrangements to enhance the long-term sustainability of women-owned enterprises.
Beatrice Matafwali, Dubeka Mweendalubi
Children with learning and special educational needs and disabilities (LSEND) require coordinated multidisciplinary services to achieve early identification, timely intervention, and sustainable continuity of care. Although one-stop, co-located multidisciplinary models seek to reduce fragmentation and caregiver burden, evidence from low- and middle-income countries indicates that co-location alone is insufficient unless referral pathways, internal coordination, and follow-up mechanisms are functional. This qualitative descriptive study examined barriers to accessing multidisciplinary team (MDT) services at the One Stop Centre of Livingstone University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Southern Province, Zambia. Eighteen purposively selected participants were interviewed individually, including 2 nurses, 2 special-education teachers, 2 police officers, 2 caregivers, 2 physiotherapists, 2 psychologists, an occupational therapist, 2 paediatricians, 2 social workers, a psychiatrist, and 2 learners with special educational needs were interviewed with parents present. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed manually using inductive thematic analysis with two independent coders, consensus meetings, peer debriefing, and member checking. Findings are presented mapped to an operationalized continuum of care entry, internal navigation, intervention capacity, follow-up/referral-out, and post-visit continuity and illustrate how barriers at each stage undermine access and sustained engagement. Key constraints included ineffective referral and low awareness at entry; poor internal coordination and information flow; shortages of trained specialists and equipment limiting intervention capacity; weak follow-up and outbound referral systems; and transport costs, stigma, and caregiver psychological burden that undermine post-visit continuity. The paper concludes with pragmatic, evidence-grounded recommendations to strengthen processes and supports at LUTH so the One Stop Centre can fulfil its potential as an accessible MDT hub for LSEND in Livingstone and Zambia at large.
Dongwei Yin, Marlia Puteh
This systematic review synthesizes 25 empirical studies published between 1992 and 2025 to examine barriers affecting the implementation of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) for developing oral English communicative competence (OCC) in higher education English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) contexts. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the review identifies three interconnected barrier categories: institutional (examination-driven curricula, large class sizes, limited resources), socio-cultural (communication anxiety, face-saving concerns, teacher-centered norms), and teacher-related (insufficient pedagogical training, linguistic insecurity, low self-efficacy). Examination pressures and communication anxiety emerged as the most recurrent barriers. Findings also highlight the unique contributions of non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs), particularly their empathy and shared language learning experiences, which help foster psychologically safe communicative environments. The review emphasizes that successful CLT implementation requires coordinated reforms across institutional policy, teacher education, and culturally responsive pedagogical adaptation.
Darlene Danise Y. Panerio, June Rey A. Villegas, Sheena Amaquin, Vince Jeanille A. Dueñas
For generations, society has defined what it means to be “a man” emphasizing traits such as strength, resilience, emotional restraint, dominance, and self-reliance (Marquez, 2024). While these expectations shape the concept of "real man," they often come at a cost: suppressing emotions, avoiding vulnerability, and adhering to rigid gender roles (Barragan, 2024). Phrases like "man up" or “keep calm” dismiss men's struggles, reinforcing the idea that seeking help is a sign of weakness (Mussatto, 2024). Despite growing discourse on masculinity and mental health, most studies remain heavily focused on Western or urban contexts, leaving limited understanding of how these norms operate within specific cultural and professional settings, such as among young male professionals in Cebu, Philippines. This study addresses this gap by utilizing a grounded theory approach to explore societal masculinity norms and its influence on mental health and coping strategies of young Cebuano professionals. Through the analysis of semi-structured interviews with 10 participants—comprising 4 straight men (2 single and 2 married), 3 openly gay men, and 3 effeminate men—selected through purposive sampling, an emergent theory of Negotiating Masculinity Through Conformity and Authenticity was developed. This theory described a cyclical process in which men internalize dominant masculinity norms, experience tension and struggle, and gradually redefine masculinity within the context of Filipino collectivist values. These findings together contribute to the growing discourse on culture, gender, and mental health in the Philippine context by providing a contextualized understanding of how young men in Cebu negotiate masculine ideals while protecting their mental health.
Josry Sakian, Loh Yoke Ling, Mohd Haniff Mohd Tahir, Sarina Yusuf, Zhao Hanyang
This study investigates how influencer authenticity shapes purchase intentions in Douyin live-streaming commerce within China’s apparel industry. It moves beyond traditional factors like attractiveness to examine how real-time, genuine interactions during live streams impact consumer behavior. Grounded in Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT), the research frames authenticity as a key mechanism that fulfills viewers’ needs for trust, information, and social connection in interactive digital environments. A quantitative approach was adopted, using a cross-sectional online survey of 400 active Douyin users aged 15–34 who regularly watch apparel-related live streams. Key constructs measured included influencer authenticity, transparency, interaction quality, and purchase intention, analyzed via reliability tests and multiple regression. Results confirmed that influencer authenticity significantly and positively influences purchase intention, with transparency and highquality interaction serving as important reinforcing factors. Authenticity emerged as a stronger predictor than conventional metrics like follower count, highlighting its central role in fostering consumer trust and decisionmaking during live engagements. The study concludes that in the dynamic context of live streaming, perceived authenticity is a critical driver of commercial effectiveness. It extends UGT by positioning authenticity as a core gratification in real-time marketing and offers practical guidance for brands and influencers to prioritize genuine communication over curated appeal. Limitations include the single-platform focus and cross-sectional design, suggesting opportunities for longitudinal and cross-cultural future research.
Alusine Bai Kamara, Hilda Emma Morsay
This qualitative research paper focuses on exploring the socio-economic and political impacts of privatizing the port in weak, post-conflict West Africa, as illustrated by the Sierra Leone concession of the Freetown Container terminal in 2010. Beyond efficiency-based assessment and a political settlement and institutional hybridity perspective, the study examines the role of privatization in redefining power, equity and the institutional governance. A collection of data was performed in the form of 42 semi-structured interviews, three focus groups discussion, and document analysis with different stakeholders. The results are a two-sided story: although operational gains are recognized, efficiency gains have been monopolized as both private rent and not socialized, thus putting small traders at a disadvantage and the regulation in a poorer position. Regulatory atrophy, social dislocation of port workers and informal workers, and the presence of informal adaptations are found to be the main results of the study. We find that privatization of ports is not merely a technical issue in fragile states but a polarized process with high-trade off distributional and sovereignty as well as argue in favor of evaluative frameworks that would view equity, institutional capacity and social legitimacy, alongside efficiency indicators. This study can be relevant to the field of political economy, development by offering an in-depth, qualitative study of infrastructure privatization in an under-researched setting and providing a contribution to the reconsideration of privatization designs in weak states.
Constace Chifamba, Ellen Sidhabattula
The internationalization of higher education has increasingly positioned international students as central to institutional growth and global engagement. In many African contexts, however, internationalization strategies have focused primarily on student recruitment, with comparatively limited attention to the quality, cultural responsiveness, and sustainability of institutional support structures. This study offers an African-centered analysis of international student support in selected Zambian universities, moving beyond descriptive accounts of adaptation challenges to examine how institutional practices, cultural contexts, and communal values shape international students’ socio-cultural and academic integration. Guided by socio-cultural adaptation theory and informed by African relational philosophies, particularly Ubuntu, the study adopts a mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were drawn from a survey of 227 international students across four Zambian universities, while qualitative insights were generated through focus group discussions exploring students’ lived experiences of support, belonging, and institutional engagement. The findings indicate that while basic support services-such as orientation programs, language assistance, accommodation support, and academic guidance are generally available, they are predominantly reactive, unevenly coordinated, and insufficiently embedded within institutional cultures. International students’ adaptation is therefore shaped not only by individual coping strategies but also by the extent to which universities foster relational inclusion, communal responsibility, and culturally grounded support. The study demonstrates that dominant Western-derived models of international student support inadequately capture the communal and relational dimensions of adaptation in African higher education contexts. By foregrounding Ubuntu as an interpretive lens, the article advances a context-sensitive, African-centered interpretive perspective for rethinking international student support beyond recruitment-driven approaches. The findings have implications for institutional practice and national policy, highlighting the need for coordinated, culturally responsive, and student-centered support systems to strengthen the sustainable internationalization of higher education in Zambia.
Antonio B. Bolocon Jr, Bianca C. Latonio, Edna B. Nabua, Hanna Lyn L. Taglorin, Isnihara U. Limbona, Mudjahid M. Abdurahman, Rey Paolo G. Micutuan
Mastery of the periodic table of elements constitutes a foundational component of chemistry education, fostering both scientific literacy and higher-order cognitive skills. Nevertheless, Grade 9 learners frequently encounter challenges in internalizing its abstract concepts. This study investigated the relationship between conceptual understanding of the periodic table and motivational dispositions among Grade 9 students at Acelo Badelles Sr. Memorial High School in Iligan City, Philippines. Utilizing a descriptive‑correlational design, data were collected through a 28‑item Conceptual Understanding Questionnaire and a Motivation Survey, with a total sample of 140 participants. Results revealed substantial learning deficiencies, as none of the respondents achieved the established passing threshold of 75%. Topics necessitating advanced cognitive processing, including periodic trends and electron configurations, were identified as particularly challenging. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed a weak but statistically significant positive association (ρ = 0.2685), suggesting that motivation contributes modestly—but not exclusively—to conceptual understanding. Although students acknowledged the significance of the periodic table for scientific comprehension, many reported difficulties sustaining engagement and expressed a preference for interactive, hands-on instructional approaches. These findings underscore the imperative for implementing innovative pedagogical strategies, such as gamification, experiential learning, contextually relevant interventions, and the like to concurrently enhance comprehension and motivation. The research instruments exhibited acceptable reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.80 for the achievement test and 0.88 for the motivation survey.
Kristhel Belandres, Kweamby G. Umerez, Ranielle Joy Banquil
Online slot machine gambling has become increasingly accessible through digital platforms, raising concerns about its growing participation among young adults. This study explored the factors influencing young adults’ engagement in online slot machine gambling, their motivations to continue despite potential risks, and the common impacts of this behavior in Argao, Cebu, Philippines. Anchored in a qualitative phenomenological design, the research aimed to capture the experiences of young adults who actively engage in online slot machine gambling. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with seven respondents aged 20 to 25 years who had at least two years of experience in online slot machine gambling. Purposive sampling was used to ensure that participants possessed sufficient exposure to the phenomenon. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and themes that reflected participants’ motivations, influences, and perceived impacts. Findings revealed that gambling initiation was largely influenced by social media exposure, peer encouragement, and family modeling, which contributed to the normalization of online gambling. Motivations for continued participation were primarily driven by emotional gratification, excitement, recreational engagement, and the hope of recovering previous financial losses. While some respondents perceived online slot machine gambling as a source of entertainment and temporary stress relief, most acknowledged experiencing negative consequences. These included financial difficulties, disrupted sleep patterns, emotional distress, neglect of responsibilities, and conflicts within the family. Despite these adverse effects, occasional winnings and emotional satisfaction reinforced continued engagement. The study concludes that online slot machine gambling among young adults is a multifaceted behavior shaped by social, psychological, and digital influences. The findings highlight the need for increased public awareness, responsible digital gambling policies, and psychosocial interventions to mitigate risks and address both the motivations and consequences associated with online gambling among young adults.
Beatrice Attah-Mensah, Isaac Armah, Jeanette Owusu, Kojo Polley-Kwofie, Michael Ofosu Antwi, Peter Agyekum Boateng
This conceptual paper develops a Biblical Ethics Informed Corporate Governance model to address organisational corruption. Drawing on a literature-based review of governance, anti-corruption reporting, and faith informed ethics, it argues that compliance centred controls alone rarely prevent misconduct when ethical culture is weak. The paper explains corruption as both a structural problem, involving information gaps, discretion, and symbolic disclosure, and a moral problem rooted in greed, self-interest, and misuse of entrusted power. It synthesises biblical virtues stewardship, integrity, justice, humility, and servant leadership as internal restraints that strengthen leaders’ conscience and shape organisational norms. These virtues are linked to governance mechanisms such as board oversight, transparency, internal controls, and consistent accountability to produce higher trust and lower tolerance for unethical advantage. The study contributes a coherent framework for integrating moral formation with institutional design and proposes directions for empirical testing across sectors and contexts in future research.
Fazle Rabby, Md Tareq Hasan
This research article delves into the multifaceted implications of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) on e-businesses, emphasizing both their potential advantages and the associated challenges. With a rapidly evolving market characterized by intricate digital integrations, personalization and predictive analytics emerge as paramount drivers for e-business growth. Statistical evidence reveals that 80% of consumers favor businesses offering personalized experiences, and AI-driven predictive analytics have contributed to significant revenue increases in companies. However, this monumental shift isn't without its challenges. Concerns about data breaches, AI biases, and the infrastructural investments needed to harness these technologies effectively have risen. Through an exhaustive review of current literature and pertinent case studies, this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how e-businesses can optimally leverage Big Data and AI, while concurrently navigating the complexities presented by ethical, security, and infrastructural challenges. This dual exploration addresses the research objectives: understanding the leverage points for e-business growth using personalization and predictive analytics, and delineating the obstacles faced in Big Data and AI integration within e-commerce. Drawing from secondary data, this research offers a holistic perspective to stakeholders on the evolving landscape of e-business in the context of Big Data and AI.
Raihanie Batara Maruhom
This study investigated the implementation and impact of a blended learning approach at Mindanao State University-Lanao National College of Arts and Trades (MSU-LNCAT), focusing on maximizing student engagement and addressing connectivity challenges. It examined the demographic profile of participating senior high school students and their attitudes toward blended learning, exploring the relationship between these factors. A correlational design was employed, using a questionnaire to collect data. The study addressed the following questions: (1) What is the demographic profile of the respondents (age, gender, grade level, parents' education)? (2) What are the learners' attitudes toward blended learning in terms of experience and motivation? (3) Is there a significant relationship between students' demographic profile and their attitudes toward blended learning? Frequency and percentage distribution were used to analyze demographic data. Mean and standard deviation were used to assess attitudes toward blended learning. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between demographic factors and attitudes. The findings indicated that the respondents were primarily in their early adulthood and exhibited moderately positive attitudes toward blended learning. Key challenges identified included unreliable internet connectivity and the need for effective online learning guidance. Furthermore, the demographic profile of the students did not significantly correlate with their attitudes toward blended learning. These results suggest that while blended learning holds promise, addressing connectivity issues and providing adequate support are crucial for maximizing student engagement.
Onaji, Abraham Adamu, Onmonya, Lucky Otsoge
The function of corporate governance in reducing agency expenses is critical. Corporate boards are responsible for overseeing management and ensuring that the interests of principals and agents are aligned. Boards are accountable for the care and diligence that brings financial control to corporate enterprises, ensuring profitability. This paper focuses on a thorough evaluation of the literature on board characteristics and its role on environmental disclosure. board characteristics variables such as board size, board independence and board gender were discussed in this paper. A descriptive research design is used in this study. When picking different types of board characteristics literature reviews, random sampling is used. The review of literature for this study spans the years 2012 to 2021. The time period is chosen for the sake of convenience sampling. The findings shows that majority of the reviews studies shows that board size, board independence and board gender all have a favorable impact on environmental disclosure.
Muaz Azinuddin, Rahman Abdullah
This conceptual paper examines how brand image shape the consumer’s purchase attitude and intention by integrating the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) with ready-to-eat (RTE) brand image. As RTE food industry continues to expand, understanding the psychological importance behind branding effects and its relation to consumer’s purchase attitude and intention becomes crucial since it could lead to the right direction of marketing and increase sales, market share in addition to loyalty in the competitive fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) segment. Branding extends beyond just names, as it carries with it the credibility, quality, philosophy and segments in which it falls into. Therefore, these credentials are reflected through brand image in unspoken words and how the brand carries itself throughout the years. This particular condition shapes consumers purchase attitudes towards the RTE brand and eventually leads to purchase intention. To explore these dynamics, this study adopts a conceptual research design grounded in a structured synthesis of peer-reviewed literature on brand image, TPB theory and RTE food industry. Through this theory-driven analytical approach, the paper develops a conceptual framework illustrating how brand image influences consumer’s purchase attitudes, while taking into consideration subjective norms and perceived behavioural control and eventually leads to purchase intention. The findings highlight that brand image influence purchase attitudes through many dimensions, and brand image seems to be a reciprocal and importance substance in building and sustaining an RTE food product in the competitive and alluring fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. Theoretically, this paper extends the TPB model into a new domain by explaining consumer’s purchase attitude through the lens of brand image. Practically, it underscores the need for entrepreneurs and policymakers to prioritise brand image as a tool of standardization, credibility, quality, philosophy and segments that could lead to safe, hygienic products to consumers while creating consumers loyalty for the brand in the long run.
Brian Bantugan
This paper examined Sam Altman’s discourse on AI through the lens of epistemological pluralism (positivist, post-positivist, interpretivist, constructivist, and pragmatic) and assesses its implications for Catholic higher education guided by Catholic Social Teaching (CST). Altman’s paradigm pluralism is evident in his TEDx talk: his positivist stance emphasizes measurable progress and capability growth, while his post-positivist approach acknowledges high uncertainty and the provisional nature of knowledge, promoting caution and ethical reflection. His interpretivist stance values human relationality and meaning ("you will still really care about when you’re talking to a human"), and his constructivist view stresses that humans must set the rules for AI governance. Finally, his pragmatism focuses on iterative learning, action, and practical application. CST principles—human dignity, the common good, solidarity, and subsidiarity —align strongly with Altman's post-positivist, interpretivist, and constructivist orientations, affirming moral agency and human-centered design. However, pure positivism risks reducing human worth to performance metrics, contradicting CST's view of intrinsic human dignity. Unconstrained pragmatism risks prioritizing efficiency over ethical boundaries, conflicting with the preferential option for the poor. The study proposed practicable recommendations for Catholic higher education, including integrating technical skills with ethical oversight (positivist constraint), cultivating critical reflection (post-positivist), centering curricula on human experience (interpretivist), promoting participatory governance (constructivist), and ensuring practical AI applications are morally constrained (pragmatic). This synthesis aims to cultivate graduates who are technically competent, ethically informed, and socially responsible.
Dr. Clifford Otieno Owino, Dr. Nancy Mayoyo
This paper explored the persistent challenge faced by university interns and graduates in Kenya due to a mismatch between their areas of specialization and the subject requirements in junior and senior schools. The findings are drawn from review of empirical studies, policy documents, reports and sessional papers on the implementation of Competency Based Curriculum. A total of 21 papers comprising 14 empirical studies retrieved from scholarly journals on the Kenyan curriculum and on CBC in Kenya and East African countries published from 2019-2025 were reviewed. One Sessional Paper, three (3) Policy papers, one training manual and two reports on competency based education were sampled and reviewed guided by the objectives of the study which include: Examine the gap between traditional Kenyan B.Ed. programs and the interdisciplinary, practical demands; To evaluate graduate teachers' preparedness in facilitating CBC competencies; To examine the role of career guidance in aligning teacher trainees' specialization with CBC subject demands. The paper highlights that there is systemic misalignments in teacher training curricula contributing to mismatch between the specializations of university graduates and the actual subject demands in Junior Schools (JS) and Senior Schools (SS); There is a disconnect between the historical university training pathways and the evolving demands of the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) which threatens the quality of education, demoralizes teachers, and undermines the goals of the national curriculum. The paper concludes by proposing a multi-faceted strategy to bridge the gap, including targeted professional development to align teacher preparation with classroom realities in junior and senior schools, university curriculum reforms, enhanced teacher management, and strategic long-term planning by all stakeholders.
Dr. Gimba Obadiah Jonathan, Otuwose Aboki
The budget deficit is another key issue in the economic policies of West Africa. The budget deficit impacts economic growth and macroeconomic stability. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of budget deficits and domestic debt on economic growth in Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Mali, from 1982 to 2023. The countries were chosen depending on the magnitude of their economies, fiscal structure, and the fact that they are representative of both Francophone and Anglophone countries. The countries represent 67.41% of the population of West Africa and contribute more than 70% of the GDP. The analysis was done through the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PARDL) method, which includes cross-section dependence, unit root, and cointegration tests. The results showed that budget deficits have no impact on economic growth, while domestic debt has a positive impact. The recommendations are that budget deficit should be financed through productive expenditure, the domestic debt market should be developed, and tax mobilization should be improved.
Mubaraq Sanni, Mudathir Babatunde
Financial accountability in the public sector is vital for economic growth, financial stability, service delivery and the gaining of public trust. It is, however, often hampered by poor financial management practices and weak institutions. In Nigerian local governments, fears that inefficiencies in the budgeting process, expenditure management practices and weak institutions may mar the achievement of financial accountability and ultimately stifle grassroots development is widespread. It is on this basis that the study investigates how budgeting process and expenditure management practices affect financial accountability in Southwest Nigeria local governments and also explores the intervening role of institutional quality. Mixed method research was adopted. A sample size of 320 respondents was derived from a population of 1, 896, made up of directors in the local governments and officers on grade level 10 and above in the Office of the Auditor General for Local Governments using stratified sampling technique. Descriptive analysis of data (mean scores and standard deviations) were displayed in tables while further analysis was done with the Partial Least Squire Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between budgeting process and financial accountability: (β = 0.261, t = 6.21, p < 0.001) as well as expenditure management and financial accountability (β = 0.274, t = 6.68, p < 0.001). In addition, institutional quality significantly intervenes in the relationship between these elements of financial management practices and financial accountability. Qualitative findings confirmed a flawed, top-down, and politically influenced budgeting process, and expenditure management that prioritized recurrent spending over capital projects with weak performance links. The study concludes that the positive relationship between budgeting process, expenditure management and financial accountability in these local governments is severely curtailed by poor budgeting and expenditure management practices, worsened by political interference. It recommends a holistic institutional and governance reforms, digitalizing financial processes, embedding accountability mechanisms, and enforcing legal frameworks to improve financial accountability.
Jalila Johari, Lin Chen, Ridzwana Mohd Said
Facing increasing global environmental pressures and China’s carbon emission targets, China is making the transition to a green economy. A key component of this transition lies in promoting corporate green transformation and sustainable development. Green funds are regarded as an important force in driving corporate sustainability. At the firm level, sustainability not only involves the fulfillment of environmental responsibilities, but also requires firms to maintain sound financial returns in the process. However, it remains unclear whether improvements in environmental performance driven by green funds are accompanied by better financial performance. This study aims to investigate how green fund shareholding, in terms of both shareholding ratio and volatility, affects corporate environmental and financial performance in China. Drawing upon a data sample of 2,277 non-financial listed companies from 2012 to 2021, the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach is employed to address potential endogeneity issues and provide robust estimates. Findings indicate that green fund shareholding ratio has no significant impact on corporate environmental performance, yet contributes to financial performance, suggesting that firms can receive financial returns through green funds, but such shareholdings are insufficient to drive environmental improvements. In contrast, green fund shareholding volatility positively affects both environmental and financial performance, indicating that active management or adjustments in green fund shareholdings can drive better overall corporate sustainability outcomes. These results highlight the comprehensive governance role of green funds and emphasize the importance of active fund oversight in promoting both environmental and financial sustainability in Chinese firms.
Jacob Ojobo Ame, Jonah Okpe Arumona, Mercy Enehireba Philip-Iria
The market value of firms is a crucial indicator of how investors perceive its performance and growth and managers and investors are seeking to optimize asset structure for improved firm value. To that end, this study investigates the effect of cash and cash equivalents and account receivables on market value of listed consumer and industrial goods in Nigeria. The independent variables Cash and Cash Equivalents and Account Receivables were measured at their carrying values in the financial statement divided by Total Assets. The dependent variable market value was proxied by Tobin’s Q calculated by adding the market value of equity and the book value of debt, then dividing by total assets while the control variable was proxied by firm size. The study adopts longitudinal panel data research design and relied on secondary data extracted from the audited annual financial reports of sampled firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) as at Dec 31st, 2024. The study utilised a purposive sampling technique to select 25 consumer and industrial goods firms as its sample population out of a population of 33. The study data was analysed using descriptive statistics and panel regression analysis via STATA 13 statistical software. The study found that both cash and cash equivalents and account receivables exert positive but statistically insignificant effects on market value while firm size which is the control variable showed a negative and insignificant effect on market value. The study concluded that these financial resources enhance liquidity and operational flexibility but does not strongly influence investor perception or long-term valuation in the consumer and industrial goods firms in Nigeria. The study recommended strategic deployment of liquidity that can enhance competitiveness and attract investor confidence and efficient receivables management to strengthen receivables collection systems, and strike a balance between sales growth and liquidity risk.
Amir Faisal Awang, Hafis Simin, Hairulnizam Mohd Khori, Iman Sahadom
Youth unemployment has been a major challenge to Malaysia’s socio-economic development since 2020. The unemployment rate for youth aged 15 to 24 was recorded at approximately 10.3% in 2025, with unemployment increasing compared to the previous year. This statistic has implications for labor productivity and youth well-being in the country. This study examines the challenges and strategies adopted by Malaysian government agencies in addressing youth unemployment between 2020 and 2025. Approaches considered include national development policies, implementation of training programs, and work incentives through government agencies. The study methodology uses a combination of secondary data analysis from Labor Force Statistics and a review of government programs such as My STEP, Jamin Kerja, My Future Jobs, and work incentives implemented by related agencies. The literature review shows that work incentive programs and increasing youth competitiveness are the government’s main approaches. This study outlines challenges such as skills gaps, labor market mismatches, and limited job supply. Finally, the article proposes strategies to strengthen public-private sector collaboration, improve vocational education and training (TVET), and implement more comprehensive policies to address the persistent problem of youth unemployment.
Allan Jay S. Cajandig, Jonielyn D. Ylarde
This systematic review examined the challenges faced by Mathematics teachers under the MATATAG curriculum and the documented effects on teaching performance and student academic outcomes in Philippine basic education (2020–2025). Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched peer-reviewed journals and reputable sources (e.g., DepEd policy repositories, local academic outlets, and indexed databases) for empirical and policy-relevant studies on: (a) MATATAG implementation or closely aligned national mathematics reforms; (b) teacher-level constraints, including time and pacing, instructional resources, administrative workload, assessment practices, and professional development; and (c) outcomes, such as teaching performance indicators and student mathematics achievement.
Moses Hobe
Koffarnus correctly notes that many people talk about history in negative terms. However, without history and the historians who record it, we would be ignorant of the roots of our culture. While history can serve as a guide and sustenance of an effective military culture, the 21st century environment is one of unprecedented complexity, ambiguity, speed and organizational change. Conceptual skills provide the capacity to perform effectively in these conditions. Current and future chaplains serving in the military context are not exempted from this evolution of change. They are therefore expected to be versatile, flexible, adaptive and innovative in order to remain effective in the new millennium. The global complexity, rapid change, interdependence and multifaceted challenges demands chaplains to play a vital role in the future development of their environments. In this information age, future chaplains will have to act in the capacity of facilitators, coaches, designers and teachers to foster the transforming role of chaplains in revolutionizing the design of chaplaincy for the twenty first century.
Ogunbadejo, Samuel Idowu, Prof Nwammuo Angella Nkiru, Prof. Venatus Agbanu
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education presents both opportunities and challenges for teaching practices. This study examines the pedagogical implications of ChatGPT adoption among lecturers in Southeast Nigerian universities, focusing on reliance, complementarity with traditional teaching, and perceived professional impacts. Guided by Uses and Gratifications Theory and Technological Determinism, a mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys of 370 lecturers with in-depth interviews of 24 purposively selected participants. Quantitative findings indicate high awareness and moderate reliance on ChatGPT, particularly for content generation and time efficiency. Lecturers perceive ChatGPT as enhancing teaching by simplifying complex concepts, fostering engagement, and providing instant feedback, without undermining instructional authority. Concerns regarding job security were minimal, supported by regression results showing no significant predictive relationship between ChatGPT use and perceived insecurity. Qualitative insights underscore lecturers’ emphasis on professional judgment, classroom interaction, and mentorship, areas beyond AI’s capacity. However, lecturers expressed concern over potential student over-reliance, which could impede critical thinking and independent problem-solving. The study concludes that ChatGPT functions as a pedagogical support tool, augmenting teaching efficiency while preserving lecturers’ instructional control. Recommendations include developing institutional AI-use guidelines, integrating AI literacy into curricula, and designing assessment methods that encourage reflection and originality. This research contributes empirical evidence from a Global South context, reframing the discourse on AI adoption in higher education from labor displacement to cognitive and pedagogical enhancement.
Banzragch Mijiddorj, Munkhdelger Tsevegjav, Nomynbayasgalan Suld, Nyamjav Enkhbold, Purevdulam Altantsetseg
Mongolia is the 19th largest country in the world, the 7th largest in Asia, and the second largest landlocked country. Mongolia is sparsely populated, with 20.9 percent of the population aged 15-35 [1], and they tend to marry relatively early. In Mongolia, landowners still lack property rights. In 2002, the parliament passed a law on land ownership for Mongolian citizens, which began granting Mongolian citizens one-time, free land ownership for family needs, but by the end of 2024, only 20.9 percent of the population had acquired free land ownership [2], which is an insufficient indicator. Even though Mongolian citizens who has land tenure right and those who want to own free land have applied, the land is not included in the general land management plan of the Aimag and the capital city, the general and partial development plans of the Aimag center and cities, or the annual land management plans of the Sum and district. Therefore, it is impossible to ownership free land for a family needs. In other words, it is believed that the relevant provisions of the law are slowing down the process of land acquisition. Article 5 of the Law on the Procedure for the Implementation of the Law on Land Acquisition for Citizens of Mongolia, adopted in 2008, states that the measure of granting land for family use to citizens once and for free shall be implemented for 25 years starting from May 1, 2003, and terminated [3]. This study aims to analyze the process of granting land for family use to citizens of Mongolia once and for free. In terms of research methodology, a sample is collected using a redesigned questionnaire, and 1,115 Mongolian citizens participated in the study. Secondary data was also used. According to the study, 784 citizens are unable to acquire land for family use free of charge. 728 respondents reported satisfaction with the one-time, free land ownership measure for family needs, indicating that their family members and relatives expect to own free land in the future. 1017 or 91.2 percent of the respondents answered that they would like to get free land ownership rights in Ulaanbaatar city and the provincial center. This confirms that citizens want to own free land in areas with more developed production and infrastructure. The hypothesis that free land ownership for Mongolian citizens over the age of 18 for family needs will improve the quality of life of households by providing them with private land has been confirmed. The value of land is expected to increase further in the future. When citizens had private land, they would be able to engage in business, mortgage it, and even secure their livelihood. This study has theoretical and practical significance and can be further studied.
Sandra anak Juky, Wan Muna Ruzanna
Code-switching is a prevalent linguistic practice in multilingual classrooms, particularly in rural contexts where students’ mother tongue dominates daily communication and the instructional language functions as a second language. This study examines the practice of code-switching in Malay language teaching amon primary school teachers in rural Kapit, Sarawak. This study aims to identify the level of code-switching practices, examine the factors influencing its use and explore teachers’ perceptions of its implications for students’ mastery of the Malay language. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 69 Malay language teachers while qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with six selected teachers. Descriptive statistical analysis and thematic analysis were used to analyse the data. The findings indicate that code-switching is widely and strategically used to support students’ comprehension, manage classroom interaction and address linguistic diversity in rural classrooms. However, teachers also expressed concerns regarding excessive reliance on code-switching, which may limit students’ exposure to Malay as target language. The study highlights the importance of controlled and purposeful use of code-switching as pedagogical scaffold rather than a substitute for the target language. These findings contribute to sociolinguistic and educational research by providing empirical evidence from rural primary schools and offering pedagogical implications for Malay language teaching in multilingual contexts.
Allan Jay S. Cajandig, Marilou V. Diaz
This PRISMA-compliant systematic literature review examines how cognitive and affective factors mediate the interrelationship between reading comprehension and problem-solving skills in high school mathematics, identifying optimal instructional strategies to enhance student outcomes. Ten quasi-experimental studies (2018– 2025; total n=1,485) from diverse contexts (USA, China, South Korea, Taiwan, Spain, Turkey, Pakistan, etc.) were synthesized. Cognitive mechanisms, particularly Schema-Based Instruction (SBI) and metacognitive scaffolds, reduce working memory load by 25–35% and boost word problem accuracy (ES=0.89–1.11) via structural schema activation. Affective moderators—math anxiety (r=-0.42) and intrinsic motivation (r=0.51)—significantly influence engagement, with Socio-Emotional Learning (SEL) and Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) alleviating anxiety (19% reduction) and elevating persistence (34% gains). Integrated designs outperform isolated approaches, with experimental groups surpassing controls by 32–41%. Findings advocate holistic pedagogies merging cognitive scaffolding and emotional regulation for equitable, scalable improvements in mathematical reasoning. Limitations include short-term designs and cultural variances; future RCTs should explore longitudinal and digital enhancements. This review informs evidence-based reforms, bridging reading comprehension to adaptive problem-solving.
Abdullahi Akushonye Dogara, Dr. Agum Charles
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of credit from commercial banks on the economic growth of Nigeria from 1992 to 2023.. Using the ARDL approach, it analyzes the short-run and long-run impact of commercial and merchant bank credit (CMBC) on GDP growth. The bounds test confirms a significant long-run cointegrating relationship. Short-run results show a positive immediate effect on growth from credit expansion, which reverses into a significant negative effect in the following period. In the long run, the coefficient for commercial bank credit is positive but statistically insignificant. The findings indicate that while commercial bank credit provides a short-term growth stimulus, its long-term contribution is muted, likely due to allocative inefficiencies and high lending costs. The study therefore recommends policy interventions to reduce interest rates and improve credit allocation within the commercial banking sector.
Fathin Nabilla Md Lez, M. Asyraf N. Zahid, Nur Atikah Arbain, Nurul Izrin Md Saleh, Omar Mukhtar Hambaran
Environmental risks, such as infrastructure damage and environmental issues like potholes, overgrown trees, clogged drains, and broken streetlights, pose significant threats to public safety. This paper proposes the Community Fault Reporting Conceptual Model, named Urban Alert!, to improve environmental risk management through community engagement and data analytics in Malaysia. The model integrates geo-tagged, multi-platform community reporting with a data pipeline, followed by Business Intelligence (BI) and Machine Learning (ML) analytics to support the identification of recurring and risk-prone areas, enabling risk prioritization and early intervention by responsible authorities to implement proactive measures. The software prototype architecture and user interaction model are also presented in this paper. This study concentrates on the evaluation of architectural validation, prototype implementation, and preliminary analytic capabilities rather than extensive empirical deployment. It also improves the community fault reporting model by improving community data reporting, location tracking, data processing and cleansing, integrated with predictive analysis for proactive disaster management. This study contributes to SDG 11, Sustainable Cities and Communities that aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable by improving fault reporting in proactive disaster management.
Afida Mohamad Ali, Geok Imm Lee, Khairul Firhan Yusob, Mei Yuit Chan
Banks rely on risk management reports (RMRs) to detect, analyse, and manage potential threats to their operations. These reports provide insights into a bank's exposure to risk and support informed decision-making to minimise losses. Previous corpus studies have shown that the word risk is often perceived negatively. This study investigates how risk is represented in RMRs, which are intended to assure stakeholders of banks’ ability to manage risks effectively. A self-compiled corpus comprising RMRs from Malaysian and American banks was utilised in this study. Collocational patterns were examined using the Graph Coll feature in Lancs box 6.0, and collocate strength was measured through Mutual Information (MI) scores. Semantic preference was further analysed using UCREL Semantic Analysis System (USAS). The findings reveal that although the collocates of risk in both corpora differ in frequency and MI scores across the two corpora, ency the word is consistenly paired with domain-specific terms denoting risk types. Additionally, risk in Malaysian RMRs exhibits a broader range of semantic associations than in American reports. The study enhances understanding of how the concept of risk is linguistically represented across banking contexts and provides insights into the persuasive construction of expertise in financial reporting.
Jovelle A. Gauiran
Competency readiness is a crucial indicator of how well students are prepared to transition from the classroom to the professional demands of public service. This study assessed the competency readiness of second-year Bachelor of Science in Public Administration students at Nueva Vizcaya State University- Bambang Campus as basis for an enhancement program. Using a descriptive-quantitative research design, a sample of 95 students was selected through Slovin’s formula with a 5% margin of error. A structured survey instrument was employed to measure three domains of competencies: cognitive and technical, interpersonal and communication, and personal and ethical. Findings revealed that students exhibited moderate overall readiness. They scored highest in personal and ethical competencies, particularly in integrity and motivation for public service, but obtained the lowest scores in cognitive and technical competencies, especially in digital literacy and research skills. Statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in readiness by gender; however, academic performance and leadership involvement emerged as significant factors. The results underscore the need for structured interventions to strengthen students’ technical and interpersonal skills while sustaining their ethical values. Consequently, an enhancement program was proposed to address the identified gaps, focusing on knowledge enrichment, skills development, digital literacy, and values integration. This study contributes to the growing discourse on competency-based education in public administration and offers practical insights for improving the preparedness of future public servants.
Josephine V. Gimpaya, Melvin M. Mercado
This descriptive research design assessed and analyzed the level of satisfaction and degree of observance of clients and implementers to the Government Service Delivery Act of 2018 (RA 11032) and identified problems encountered on compliance to RA 11032. The respondents were the 163 top management and frontline service personnel and 286 clients of ITRMC. The data gathered were treated descriptively using mode, frequency counts, and percentages. Generally, frontline and top management employees are female dominated, young in the service, and college graduate while clients were generally female, young adults, and patients of the hospital. Although it was found that the top management and frontline service personnel manifested a very high observance and the clients are extremely satisfied to RA 11032, common problems were identified such as long queue, lack of understanding to ARTA Law, and long process of specific procedures. A sustainability model should be considered for adoption to further improve and sustain their compliance.
Abdul-karim I. F, Adewumi, I. A, Agbongiarhuoyi, A. E, Awodumila D. J, Famuyiwa, B. S, Orisajo, S. B, Orisasona, T.M, Uwagboe, E. O, Yusuf, M. H
This study examines the adoption dynamics of improved cocoa cultivars (CRIN TC1-TC8) among smallholder farmers in Osun State, Nigeria, a key cocoa-producing region facing productivity declines due to aging trees, pests, diseases, and climate variability. Despite governmental initiatives like the Cocoa Growth Enhancement Support program and the introduction of high-yielding, disease-resistant TC varieties by the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), adoption remains suboptimal. A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was employed, and data were collected from 104 farmers across seven Local Government Areas (Atakumosa East, Ede South, Ife Central, Ife East, Ife North, Ife South, and Ilesha East) using structured questionnaires. Stratified proportionate random sampling ensured representation of adopters (30.8%) and non-adopters (69.2%). Findings reveal a low adoption rate of 30.8%. Socio-economic profiles indicate an aging farmer base (x̄ = 52.85 years), high literacy (94.2%), small farm sizes (x̄ = 4.87 ha), and reliance on rain-fed systems (95.2%), hired labor (78.8%), and traditional pest management (85.6%). Key constraints, ranked by severity, include pest and disease pressure (x̄ = 2.34), inadequate extension services (x̄ = 1.99), financial limitations (x̄ = 1.98), and limited access to quality planting materials (x̄ = 1.94). Remarkably, 98.1% of farmers expressed willingness to adopt, highlighting systemic rather than attitudinal barriers. Grounded in Diffusion of Innovations and Theory of Change frameworks, the study underscores the need for targeted interventions: enhanced IPM training, revitalized extension, financial support, and decentralized seedling distribution. These measures could bridge the adoption gap, boost yields, enhance resilience, and sustain Nigeria's cocoa sector, ultimately improving smallholder livelihoods and economic contributions.
Dr. Nyambane, Fredrick Monanti
Socialization of human communities through oral poetry is most effective because of its appealing endurance and versatility. Arguably, oral poetry is the most powerful force for moulding public opinion and possibly, it induces certain characters into the souls of people who perform and consume it. Despite its versatility and efficacy in inducing peculiar characters into the souls of its composers and consumers, Gusii special purpose oral poetry has not received sufficient literary attention, more so, over its ability to construct antithetical traits in Gusii females. This paper thus surveys the Gusii special purpose oral poems as semiotic systems of encoded signs which embody the antithetical ideals, values and feelings through which Abagusii females experience, feel, perceive and consume their world at various times. In the analysis of the sampled poems, this study uses an eclectic theoretical framework developed from the Chandler strands of semiotics in which it is argued that a culture produces signs and attributes meanings to them. Secondly, sociological literary theory strands by Rosenblatt and Albrecht are used in which, literature is seen as a mirror of a society as well as a central part of a people’s values and belief systems. This study has used an analytical study design. Secondary data was obtained from a review of published and unpublished works. Primary data was obtained from close textual analysis of nine special purpose oral poems that were purposively sampled from a universal population of thirty oral poems. The study findings are firstly, an intellectual contribution towards the already existing discourses on the role and place of oral poetry as a vehicle for human socialization as well as a subtle means for indoctrinating members of gender into a social enclave in which they inadvertently “enslave” themselves. Equally, this study established that Gusii special purpose oral poems employ a wide range of encoded linguistic devices which make them beautiful pieces of art. In totality, the findings of this study are important because they will be part of the reference points for future related studies. The study thus concluded that there is a close correlation between Gusii special purpose oral poems and the Gusii feminine world, a world that at times exhibits antithetical traits. In totality, the study recommends that there is need for further research on the efficacy of Gusii special purpose oral poetry with regard to its power to influence the thought patterns of Abagusii females.
Dr. Nyambane, Fredrick Monanti
Socialization of human communities through oral poetry is most effective because of its appealing endurance and versatility. Arguably, oral poetry is the most powerful force for moulding public opinion and possibly, it induces certain characters into the souls of people who perform and consume it. Despite its versatility and efficacy in inducing peculiar characters into the souls of its composers and consumers, Gusii special purpose oral poetry has not received sufficient literary attention, more so, over its ability to construct antithetical traits in Gusii females. This paper thus surveys the Gusii special purpose oral poems as semiotic systems of encoded signs which embody the antithetical ideals, values and feelings through which Abagusii females experience, feel, perceive and consume their world at various times. In the analysis of the sampled poems, this study uses an eclectic theoretical framework developed from the Chandler strands of semiotics in which it is argued that a culture produces signs and attributes meanings to them. Secondly, sociological literary theory strands by Rosenblatt and Albrecht are used in which, literature is seen as a mirror of a society as well as a central part of a people’s values and belief systems. This study has used an analytical study design. Secondary data was obtained from a review of published and unpublished works. Primary data was obtained from close textual analysis of nine special purpose oral poems that were purposively sampled from a universal population of thirty oral poems. The study findings are firstly, an intellectual contribution towards the already existing discourses on the role and place of oral poetry as a vehicle for human socialization as well as a subtle means for indoctrinating members of gender into a social enclave in which they inadvertently “enslave” themselves. Equally, this study established that Gusii special purpose oral poems employ a wide range of encoded linguistic devices which make them beautiful pieces of art. In totality, the findings of this study are important because they will be part of the reference points for future related studies. The study thus concluded that there is a close correlation between Gusii special purpose oral poems and the Gusii feminine world, a world that at times exhibits antithetical traits. In totality, the study recommends that there is need for further research on the efficacy of Gusii special purpose oral poetry with regard to its power to influence the thought patterns of Abagusii females.
Glenne B. Lagura, Ilecar G. Millan
The increasing adoption of digital technologies in public administration emphasizes the role of e-governance in enhancing service delivery, transparency, and citizens’ trust. This study examines the constructs of e-governance satisfaction among e-users of government-owned and controlled corporations (GOCCs), with a focus on agencies providing social services, specifically the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), Social Security System (SSS), Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF), and Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth). Anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Public Value Theory, the research employed an exploratory sequential mixed-method design. Qualitative interviews with GOCC representatives informed the development of a validated survey instrument, which was then administered to e-users. Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), five key constructs of e-governance satisfaction were identified: transparency and real-time updates, user experience and interface, integration and multi-platform support, accessibility and convenience, and privacy and security. These dimensions collectively explain a substantial proportion of user satisfaction and highlight the critical role of secure, transparent, and citizen-centered digital platforms. Findings suggest that strengthening these constructs can enhance trust and confidence in GOCC e-services, contributing to improved governance and public value creation. The study offers a framework for GOCCs and policymakers to refine digital strategies and guide future innovations in service delivery. Moreover, it provides an empirical basis for further comparative studies across different agencies and sectors to advance sustainable e-governance implementation.
Magdael, Cleselle R., Nicole R
The increasing interest in sustainable and alternative protein sources has extended into the pet-food industry, prompting the exploration of unconventional ingredients such as meat sawdust. This quantitative study examined consumer perception and acceptance of pet food made from meat sawdust in San Pedro, Laguna. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 50 pet owners selected through purposive sampling. Respondents were required to be residents of San Pedro, at least 18 years old, own at least one pet, and voluntarily agree to participate. Descriptive statistics were used to measure awareness, perception, and acceptance, while Pearson correlation examined the relationship between perception and acceptance. Results indicate that only 30% of respondents had prior knowledge of meat-sawdust pet food. Despite low awareness, overall perception and acceptance levels were high (Perception Mean = 3.33; Acceptance Mean = 3.30). Environmental sustainability and price emerged as key factors influencing acceptance. A significant positive correlation between perception and acceptance (r = 0.60, p < 0.01) was found. Recommendations include conducting awareness campaigns, offering product samples, ensuring safety certification, and developing affordable pricing strategies. Future researchers may expand the sample size, explore actual purchasing behavior, or use qualitative approaches to gain deeper insights into consumer attitudes toward sustainable pet-food alternatives
Ahmad Zahran Md Khudzari, Delayla Lotffi, Mohamad Ikhwan bin Kori, Mohd Jamil bin Mohamed Mokhtarudin, Nadia Shaira binti Shafii, Nornazira Binti Suhairom, Syamimi Shamsuddin
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a huge concern in most healthcare facilities, mainly caused by the inability to perform proper hand hygiene and poor compliance with established hand hygiene practices. Behavioural lapses in hand hygiene significantly contribute to the transmission of pathogens and the persistence of Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) within clinical environments. HAIs is a a huge concern in most healthcare facilities, mainly caused by the inability to perform proper hand hygiene. This study proposes a contactless hand sanitizer that incorporates an automated access control for ensuring proper hygiene and limiting cross-contamination in areas that require high sterility, such as the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The system, built using Raspberry Pi 4 and components like ultrasonic sensors, IR sensors, a UV light, and the OV5647 camera, dispenses sanitizer and verifies compliance before unlocking the door. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), MobileNetV2, was trained on ultraviolet (UV)-lit images of sanitized and unsanitized hands to detect the presence of fluorescent residue. It analyses the presence of fluorescent liquid in hand sanitizer for compliance before granting access. While the model demonstrated high accuracy during training, hardware limitations, especially the camera’s low sensitivity under UV light, affected its real-time performance. Nevertheless, the system provides an initial basis that exemplifies the potential of machine learning-integrated sanitary enforcement as an initial point of further development in the direction of more comprehensive approaches to reducing HAIs.
Ahmad Zahran Md Khudzari, Delayla Lotffi, Mohamad Ikhwan bin Kori, Mohd Jamil bin Mohamed Mokhtarudin, Nadia Shaira binti Shafii, Nornazira Binti Suhairom, Syamimi Shamsuddin
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a huge concern in most healthcare facilities, mainly caused by the inability to perform proper hand hygiene and poor compliance with established hand hygiene practices. Behavioural lapses in hand hygiene significantly contribute to the transmission of pathogens and the persistence of Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) within clinical environments. HAIs remain a huge concern in most healthcare facilities, mainly caused by the inability to perform proper hand hygiene. The study designs a contactless hand sanitizer that incorporates an automated access control for ensuring proper hygiene and limiting cross-contamination in areas that require high sterility, such as the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The system, built using Raspberry Pi 4 and components like ultrasonic sensors, IR sensors, a UV light, and the OV5647 camera, dispenses sanitizer and verifies compliance before unlocking the door. A Convolution Neural Network (CNN), MobileNetV2, was trained on ultraviolet (UV)-lit images of sanitized and unsanitized hands to detect the presence of fluorescent residue. It analyses the presence of fluorescent liquid in hand sanitizer for compliance before granting access. While the model demonstrated high accuracy during training, hardware limitations, especially the camera’s low sensitivity under UV light, affected its real-time performance. Nevertheless, the system provides an initial basis that exemplifies the potential of machine learning-integrated sanitary enforcement as an initial point of further development in the direction of more comprehensive approaches to reducing HAIs.
Grace Lalkhawngaihi
This study investigates the attitudes of Indian Mizo Christian youth towards women's leadership in the church, a pivotal institution within a traditionally patriarchal society. Using a qualitative methodology, data from 30 youth were collected using Keith Drury's Women Leadership Scale and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal a complex interplay of progressive and conservative forces. While a significant portion of respondents advocated for gender equality based on spiritual gifts and divine calling, substantial resistance persisted against the ordination of women and their authority over men. This opposition was primarily justified through specific biblical interpretations, entrenched cultural norms, and beliefs in male superiority. The study concludes that the perspectives of Indian Mizo Christian youth are in a distinct state of transition, embodying a tension between modern, egalitarian ideals and the powerful, enduring influence of socio-religious traditions.
Zuhal Hussein
Government-led digital health applications were rapidly deployed worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic to support contact tracing, vaccination management, public health surveillance, and risk communication. Although these applications achieved unprecedented adoption under crisis conditions, sustaining continued use beyond emergency mandates remains theoretically underexplored. Existing information systems continuance models were largely developed for voluntary, market-driven technologies and provide limited explanatory power for government-led digital health systems characterised by institutional authority, privacy sensitivity, and crisis governance. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to advance theoretical understanding of continuance behaviour in government-led COVID-19 digital health applications. Following PRISMA guidelines, peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2024 were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Evidence from national applications—including MySejahtera (Malaysia), TraceTogether (Singapore), SwissCovid (Switzerland), and the NHS COVID-19 App (United Kingdom)—was synthesised using a theory-driven analytical approach. The review identifies three interdependent layers shaping continuance behaviour: system value mechanisms (perceived usefulness, system and information quality), institutional mechanisms (trust in government, privacy protection, governance transparency), and contextual constraint mechanisms (mandates, perceived health risk, and crisis salience). While perceived usefulness and satisfaction remain necessary conditions for continued use, they are insufficient in isolation. Institutional trust and governance legitimacy emerge as central moderators that reshape post-adoption behaviour in public digital health systems. This study extends continuance theory by proposing a multi-layer framework tailored to crisis-driven, government-led digital platforms and provides implications for sustaining digital public health infrastructures beyond emergency contexts.
Emerlyn C. Abrenica
Student engagement is a key factor influencing academic performance, particularly in middle school mathematics, where motivation and active participation are often challenging. This study examined the relationship between eighth-grade students’ engagement with Bluebonnet Learning mathematics materials and their academic performance. Using a correlational design, 56 eighth-grade students participated through universal sampling during the first semester of the 2025–2026 academic year. Engagement was measured using the validated Student Engagement with Bluebonnet Learning (SEBL) instrument (α = 0.87), and mathematics performance was assessed via a teacher-made midterm examination aligned with the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS; α = 0.85). Descriptive analyses indicated moderate to high engagement across behavioral, cognitive, and emotional domains, with cognitive engagement scoring highest (M = 3.27, SD = 0.48). Pearson correlations showed positive relationships between all engagement domains and mathematics performance, with cognitive engagement exhibiting the strongest correlation (r = .56, p < .01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that cognitive engagement was the only statistically significant unique predictor of mathematics performance (β = .41, t = 3.28, p = .002), accounting for the largest proportion of variance (R² = .36, adjusted R² = .32). These findings suggest that deeper cognitive involvement with structured, standards-aligned materials supports higher academic achievement, highlighting the importance of instructional strategies that promote behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement in middle school mathematics classrooms.
Herlina Jupiter, Irma Wani Othman, Kasoma Thia, Mohd Sohaimi Esa, Romzi Ationg, Saifulazry Mokhtar
This study examines the issue of corruption from a religious perspective, particularly Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism, using a qualitative analytical approach. The purpose of the study is to understand the moral and ethical concepts underlying the prohibition of corruption and to evaluate the role of religion in shaping individual and societal awareness of integrity, honesty, social responsibility, and justice. Data were obtained from secondary sources, including religious texts (the Qur’an, Hadith, Bible, Tripitaka, Vedas, and Bhagavad Gita), academic articles, journals, theses, and anti-corruption reports. The analysis was conducted using thematic and content analysis methods, emphasizing themes such as integrity, justice, moral ethics, and religiosity. The findings indicate that all four religions reject corruption and emphasize the formation of moral values in individual and societal life. Islam emphasizes the principles of trust (Amanah), justice, and the spiritual consequences of corrupt practices; Christianity highlights moral ethics through teachings of love, honesty, and social responsibility; Buddhism emphasizes honesty, avoidance of harm, self-control, and the karmic consequences of immoral actions; while Hinduism stresses dharma (moral responsibility), karma, and social justice as guiding principles that reject self-interest and misconduct. The findings affirm that religion plays a crucial role as an instrument in fostering an anti-corruption culture, particularly when moral and ethical values are internalized through education, professional training, and the strengthening of social institutions. This study contributes to a multidimensional understanding of corruption and provides a foundation for integrated prevention strategies from religious and moral perspectives.
OLOJEDE Samson, OYEDARE Olufemi Akinloye
This study examines the effect of digital transformation on cost drivers in the Nigerian service sector, with particular emphasis on cost stickiness. Using a quantitative research design, the study adopts a panel data approach covering listed service firms in Nigeria. Digital transformation is modelled as a key explanatory variable, while firm size and IT capability are incorporated as moderating factors to capture organisational heterogeneity. Panel regression techniques are employed to analyse the relationships among the variables, with relevant control variables included to ensure robustness. The findings reveal that digital transformation exerts a significant negative effect on cost stickiness, indicating that digitally enabled firms are better able to adjust their cost structures in response to changes in activity levels. Firm size and IT capability are also found to significantly reduce cost stickiness and to strengthen the impact of digital transformation through their moderating effects. These results suggest that the cost flexibility benefits of digitalisation are contingent on organisational scale and technological readiness. The study contributes to the literature by providing emerging-economy evidence on the digital transformation–cost behaviour nexus, highlighting the conditional role of firm characteristics, and integrating insights from technology adoption and cost management research. From a practical perspective, the findings underscore the importance of strategic digital investments and IT capability development in enhancing cost efficiency and adaptability within service firms.
Diamond Tawano- Macarimbang, Meriam M. Arao
The 2017 Marawi Siege marked a pivotal event in the history of Mindanao, profoundly impacting ChristianMuslim relations, displacement dynamics, and the role of social media in post-conflict recovery. This study examines the complex intersection of these factors in Iligan City, which served as a primary host community for internally displaced persons (IDPs) during the siege. It investigates how the crisis shaped interfaith relations, humanitarian efforts, and the contested role of social media in both fostering and hindering recovery. The research addresses three key questions: How did host-community dynamics and resource pressures influence Christian-Muslim relations during displacement? What forms of interfaith dialogue emerged post-siege, and how did they confront historical and structural barriers? How did social media function as a contested space for information, grievance, and reconciliation? Through a qualitative synthesis and thematic analysis of diverse sources, the study explores the ways in which solidarity and tension coexisted within the host community, the evolving peacebuilding efforts, and the ambivalent role of digital platforms in shaping public discourse. The findings suggest that while Iligan City witnessed spontaneous acts of protection and interfaith cooperation, these were often overshadowed by resource scarcity, suspicion, and misinformation. The role of social media as both a tool for dialogue and a vehicle for polarization underscored the challenges of fostering trust in the aftermath of violence. The paper concludes by proposing a comprehensive framework for post-conflict recovery that integrates material support, interfaith dialogue, and digital literacy, offering insights into the ongoing pursuit of sustainable peace in multi-religious societies.
Abdul Aziz Abas, Anis Mardhiah Mukhtar, Citra Kurniawan, Norfashiha Hashim1, Rumaizah Mohd Nordin
Crisis management, organisational resiliency, and business continuity (BC) have emerged as vital competencies for organisations due to the global disruption caused by various challenges including the Covid-19; especially within the construction organisations. The disruptions have posed a significant threat to the survival of businesses worldwide which in turn led to economic downturns which highlighting the need for effective strategies. This paper aims to explore the determinants of BC through qualitative interviews with experts from organisations that successfully navigated the riotous times. The research emphasises the importance of strategic leadership (SL), which was identified as vital for crisis navigation and ensuring BC. The findings establish a strong link between strategic leadership (SL), transformational leadership (TL), and charismatic leadership (CL) in both regular and crisis circumstances that proves it is important for organisations facing volatile business outlooks to prepare themselves in responding swiftly and effectively to environmental changes. This is hoped to guide organisations in adopting new paradigms to overcome crises and enhance their resilience.
Paul Kiplagat Chesilim
Abstraction of theoretical and conceptual frameworks and the integration of faith with quality assurance standards in a dynamic, evolving, revolving and competitive educational environment has become inevitable for faith-based schools in their endeavors of promoting total quality management and improvement in education. Leadership agility plays a crucial role in shaping and directing the processes of implementations of quality management systems and accomplishments of quality assurance initiatives undertaken by faithbased schools in Kenya. Their mission and vision statements are the driving forces for their endeavors to attain full compliances with the national and international quality education standards. This paper is a conceptual review that explores the complex relationship between leadership agility and quality assurance standards in faith-based schools, aiming to discover the nuanced interaction between leadership competencies and quality enrichment determinations. A detailed thorough reviews of literature and conceptual analysis led to the emergence of a strong framework that demonstrated how different levels of leadership agility interacted with quality assurance standards to influence total quality management and improvement in education. Of great interest in the levels of leadership agility are; context-setting agility, stakeholder agility, creative agility and self-leadership agility. The real-world applications of the framework on leadership agility underline the significance of realigning leadership enhancement plans, institutional cultural and traditional promotions, spiritual emphasis plans, strategic visionary thinking and decision-making with higher levels of quality assurance standards compliances. In addition, this paper provides the basis for further research work by delimiting the concepts and abstracts that need in-depth investigations comparative and correlational analysis in cross-cultural settings, explorative research, customer care and stakeholder satisfactions, and adaptability to modern technological changes. This paper attempts to bridge the gap between theoretical and practical frameworks and it does not only enhance the discourse between leadership agility and quality assurance but it also provides a robust blueprint guide for educational practitioners, administrators, managers, experts and researchers who determined to uplift the quality of education in schools. This paper is an exploration of how a leader’s agility is instrumental in transforming the quality of education in a school setting
Muhammad Hafizuddin Abu Kassim, Nur Azlin Norizan, Shahazwan Mat Yusoff
Digital transformation challenges language curriculum sustainability in multilingual societies where national languages must balance heritage preservation with global communication demands. This study evaluates Malay Language curriculum sustainability and transferability in Malaysian primary schools from teachers' perspectives, addressing how heritage language curricula remain relevant amid digital disruption and whether curriculum-acquired competencies transfer beyond classroom contexts. Utilizing the CIPP Model's product dimension, this qualitative case study involved six teachers from five primary schools across diverse geographical contexts in Sarawak. Semi-structured interviews and systematic observations were analyzed through thematic analysis with rigorous quality assurance protocols. Findings reveal critical sustainability challenges including the "rojak language" phenomenon involving extensive code-mixing, technological infrastructure disparities creating educational equity concerns, and generational technology adoption divides. Only 70% of curriculum content was deemed sustainable, with infrastructure constraints particularly affecting rural schools. The curriculum demonstrated strong transferability potential through modular design yet revealed register confusion and economic transferability concerns reflecting tensions between heritage language education and English-dominated professional contexts. This research establishes empirical evidence for interconnected sustainability and transferability factors, contributing dynamic assessment frameworks for digital-age curriculum evaluation. Findings inform strategic interventions including infrastructure investment, comprehensive teacher professional development, and reconceptualized assessment frameworks evaluating multimodal communication competencies while maintaining linguistic diversity.
Fatimah Yazmin Yahya, Fazurah Mustaffa, Maizatul Haizan Mahbob, Mohd Sufiean Hassan, Muhammad Khalil Tarmizi Abdul Shukor, Siti Nurshahidah Sah Allam
This study presents a descriptive demographic profile of university youth engaged in political-related activities on social media within selected Public Higher Education Institutions (IPTA) in the Southern Zone of Malaysia. Using a quantitative descriptive research design, data were collected from 420 students across six public universities. The demographic variables examined include gender, age, ethnicity, religion and educational attainment. The findings describe a respondent cohort that is predominantly female (59.8%), largely within the 21–25 age group (59.3%) and characterized by a high concentration of Malay (95.5%) and Muslim (97.4%) respondents. In terms of educational attainment, more than half of the respondents are pursuing or have completed bachelor’s degree programmes (56.0%). This study establishes baseline demographic data that contextualize youth populations involved in political-related social media activities within specific institutional and regional settings. As a descriptive analysis, the study does not examine behavioural outcomes, media literacy levels or political competence and no causal or inferential claims are advanced.
Ashirudeen Doyin Afusat, Oshotoye, Bradford Adedayo
This study investigates whether depressive symptoms predict suicidal ideation among employees in public polytechnics in Southwestern Nigeria and examines social support as a moderator of this relationship. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among squandered (n = 450) employees across five polytechnics, selected via stratified random sampling. Depression was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), suicidal ideation with the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale ((BDI-II), and perceived social support with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Descriptive statistics indicated a mean PHQ-9 score of 9.6 (SD = 5.2), with 38.1% of participants showing moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). Suicidal ideation was reported by 12.4% of respondents within the past month. A hierarchical multiple regression controlling for age, gender, marital status, and tenure revealed that depressive symptoms significantly predicted suicidal ideation (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), explaining 26% of the variance in ideation after covariates. Social support demonstrated a significant interaction with depression (ΔR² = 0.04, p = 0.02), indicating a buffering effect: high perceived social support attenuated the depression–ideation link (simple slopes: high support β = 0.28, p = 0.01; low support β = 0.55, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses suggested stronger moderation among female employees and those in non-academic roles. Findings underscore the protective role of social support in reducing suicidal ideation among depressed workers and highlight the need for workplace interventions that strengthen social networks within public polytechnics.
Chriscian Reeve Falle, Janelle Olien A. Dela Cruz, Marieine G. Adriatico, Meshelle N. Fabro, Raana Factor
This study presents the design and development of a Smart Ultrasonic Alcohol Dispenser that provides a touchless and automated solution for hand sanitation. The system utilizes an ultrasonic sensor integrated with an Arduino UNO microcontroller and a pump mechanism to detect the presence of a user’s hand and dispense a controlled amount of alcohol without physical contact. The ultrasonic sensor operates based on distance measurement, allowing accurate hand detection within a predefined range and triggering the dispensing process only when necessary. A descriptive and experimental research design was employed in the development of the system. The prototype was assembled and tested through multiple trials to evaluate hand detection accuracy, response time, consistency of alcohol dispensing, and occurrence of false triggers. Results showed that the dispenser responded quickly upon hand detection and consistently released a fixed volume of alcohol per activation. The ultrasonic sensor performed reliably under different lighting conditions, and the controlled dispensing logic effectively prevented over dispensing and minimized sanitizer waste. The study demonstrates that sensor based automation can significantly improve hygiene practices by reducing cross contamination and ensuring consistent sanitizer use. The Smart Ultrasonic Alcohol Dispenser offers a practical, low cost, and hygienic alternative to manual dispensers and is suitable for use in homes, schools, offices, and other public areas. Future enhancements may include adding a low alcohol level indicator, improving enclosure design, and conducting long term testing in real world environments
Jimcel P. Pecaso
This study presents the design, development, and performance evaluation of a prototype dual-action agricultural machine that integrates weeding and spraying operations into a single mechanized system. The research aims to reduce labor requirements, minimize operational time, and enhance field efficiency in smallholder farming systems where manual operations remain predominant. The prototype was conceptualized, fabricated, and tested under field conditions to determine its mechanical performance, efficiency, and economic viability. Key performance indicators such as weeding efficiency, spray uniformity, field capacity, and field efficiency were analyzed using standard evaluation procedures. Results revealed that the dual-action machine achieved an average weeding efficiency of 76, a spraying uniformity of 85, and an effective field capacity of 0.12 h/hr with an overall field efficiency of 82. The coefficient of variation in spray distribution was within acceptable limits, confirming operational consistency and reliability. Compared to manual methods, the dual-action prototype demonstrated substantially higher weed removal efficiency and reduced labor requirements, enabling one operator to cover larger areas in less time and with greater uniformity. Mechanization also minimizes operational costs and chemical usage, improving soil health and promoting environmental sustainability through reduced chemical run-off and fuel consumption. The study demonstrates that integrating mechanical and chemical functions in a single unit not only reduces drudgery and operational costs but also promotes sustainable mechanization. This innovation has the potential to strengthen agricultural productivity, enhance resource use efficiency, and support the transition toward affordable and environmentally responsible farm technologies
Carl Danielle C. Andante, Christian E. Ladislao, Engr. Minerva C. Zoleta, Kyla Marie G. Septimo, Lovely B. Nacional
The purpose of this paper was to describe the design and implementation of a low-cost, automated smart waste bin that uses sensors to monitor and improve both the cleanliness of homes and the environment in real-time. It also has the function of providing an effective, hands-off method of disposing of trash and automatically removing odors from the environment. The primary components of the system are the Arduino Nano microcontroller and the multi-modal sensor array connected to it. The Arduino Nano allows users to have a low-cost option for controlling how their smart trash can works. The ultrasonic proximity sensor enables touchless access to the smart trash can. In addition, the internal ultrasonic waste sensor continuously monitors the amount of waste in the can so that users can know when it needs to be emptied. The VOCs detected by the internal odor sensor will trigger the high-velocity blower fan to blow the bad smells out of the smart trash can using the IRFZ44N MOSFET driver. Users receive feedback from the HMI (Human-Machine Interface), which includes the I2C-enabled LCD display and the "Traffic Light" LED indicator system, about whether or not the air quality is good or bad and if the smart trash can needs to be emptied. Experimental testing showed that the system can respond appropriately to maintain a clean home environment by using its various automated functions and air purification functions.
Roland M. Fronda
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognized as a critical driver of digital transformation and improved public sector governance. Despite national initiatives such as the Philippine National Artificial Intelligence Strategy Roadmap, the adoption of AI within National Government Agencies (NGAs) and Local Government Units (LGUs) remains uneven and at an early stage. This study assesses the determinants of Artificial Intelligence (AI) readiness and adoption within the Philippine public sector, specifically focusing on National Government Agencies (NGAs) and Local Government Units (LGUs). Despite national initiatives like the National AI Strategy Roadmap, a gap persists between digital transformation goals and the actual capacity of public institutions to implement AI effectively. The research employed a quantitative descriptive-correlational design using a structured survey questionnaire. Data were gathered from 128 respondents, including government officials, ICT staff, and administrators in the Province of Bataan. The study utilized the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) Framework, Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory, and Institutional Theory to analyze variables such as technological, human resource, and organizational readiness. The findings reveal a satisfactory "Good" level of overall AI readiness (Composite Mean = 2.67), with technological readiness ranking highest. However, the level of AI adoption was rated as "Fair" (Composite Mean = 2.43), indicating that while foundational elements exist, they are not yet robust enough for extensive implementation. A significant digital divide was identified: NGAs (Mean = 2.75) scored statistically higher than LGUs (Mean = 2.36) across all readiness dimensions. Financial and logistical support emerged as the most significant organizational barrier to adoption. The study concludes that higher readiness levels directly correlate with more successful AI adoption. While policy frameworks are emerging, a critical "policy-implementation gap" exists due to inadequate technical infrastructure and a shortage of skilled personnel. Proposed strategic interventions include institutionalizing AI governance structures, mandating continuous upskilling programs rather than isolated seminars, and formalizing public-private partnerships to bridge internal capacity gaps.
Juliana Mohamad Yusoff, Mohd Azri Ismail, Rahimah Embong, Raja Norlida Raja Ahmad, Zamri Chik,Zuraidah
Principal leadership was the main factor cited when predicting teacher job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to stay in the school. An exploration of related studies has shown that authority directly affects the hierarchical responsibility of representatives. The classroom teacher is the primary source for influencing student learning and the principal's 'Rabbani' leadership is second only to classroom instruction on student outcomes. The head teacher's influence on teaching and learning is seen through the impact on school organization and school culture as well as teacher behavior and classroom practice. This study was conducted to develop and validate an instrument based on the EFA process for measuring the Principal's 'Rabbani' Leadership (based on Practice of Building Kindness, Principal Capacity Building Practices, Group Resilience Building Practices, Practices for Building a Culture of Knowledge, Teaching Process Development Practices), Early Climate Culture and Student Personality Formation selected Terengganu state secondary school. This study uses quantitative research methods based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze various relationships between variables in the study model. Before the data is analyzed using SEM, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is carried out to identify the appropriateness of the items used in the research instrument. This study describes in detail the procedure of conducting EFA analysis for each construct. The findings of this study show validity values based on Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Total Variance Explained (TVE), Factor Loading (FL) and reliability values based on Cronbach's Alpha (CA), have met all the required values.
Erica P. Binbing, Jewela Angelie R. Ortega, Ma. Alexandria B. Llanes, Marinella D. Conchada, Micaella T. Deguzman, Ronnel C. Palasin
This study was conducted to create and validate Gameducation module, a supplementary learning material designed to address the least learned competencies in English among Grade 4 students of one of the public elementary schools in Pila, Laguna with a total of 38 respondents. More specifically, the study targeted the three least-learned competencies: (1) comprehending literary texts, (2) using words with literal and implied meanings, and (3) composing sentences appropriately for clarity and coherence. A descriptive quantitative research design was employed. A competency-based test revealed an overall mean score of 44.59%, indicating a low level of competency. The hypothesis stated: “There is no significant level of acceptability in the development of the Gameducation module based on the overall validation results of the five expert validators.”. To test this, the module was validated by five experts using a Likert scale, assessing five criteria. Five expert validators evaluated it using a Likert scale across five criteria namely: Learning Objectives (M = 3.86), Content (M = 3.56), Format and Language (M = 3.92), Presentation and Organization (M = 3.96), and Accuracy and Usefulness (M = 3.84). The overall mean was 3.83 and showed the module is valid and acceptable. For the analysis, the mean was calculated to identify the competency levels of the students. To ensure consistency among validators, Cronbach’s Alpha and Inter-Rater Reliability (ICC) were computed. The research also adopts the SAMR model for creating the Gameducation module by using gamification features and game-based learning platforms. The findings indicate that the Gameducation module is valid, engaging, and learner-centered material that can enhance learning gaps in English. The study supports that the integration of gamified learning activities in teaching promotes collaboration, motivation, and mastery of competency among elementary learners.
Dina Maulina, Eizatul Ayuni Md Ghazali, Johari Surif, Mohd Yatim A Rahman, Nor Hasniza Ibrahim, Rini Rita T Marpaung, Shin Ni Han, Siti Najihah Jamal, Siti Nur Aishah Sabarudin
The Form 3 Science curriculum in Malaysia includes the Maintenance and Continuity of Life theme, within which students often encounter difficulties visualizing internal organ structures and circulatory processes, particularly heart anatomy. To address these challenges, this study reports a preliminary evaluation of CirculaBody, an interactive circulatory system prototype comprising a Heart Anatomy Puzzle and a Blood Flow Board. The prototype was developed using the ADDIE instructional design model and aims to support experiential learning through tactile and visual representations. Prototype testing was conducted with 15 Form 3 students from a single secondary school using a pre-test and post-test design. Results indicate a modest overall improvement in test scores, with greater learning gains observed in items requiring spatial and structural understanding of heart anatomy. Questionnaire feedback suggests that students perceived the prototype as helpful for visualizing circulatory structures compared to conventional two-dimensional representations. However, the absence of a control group and the small sample size limit causal inference and generalizability. The findings provide initial insights into the pedagogical potential of hands-on and representational learning tools for lower secondary biology and highlight areas for refinement and further investigation through larger-scale, controlled studies.
Dr. Jasper Isoe, Richard Oryema
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is one of the most widely used multi-item tools, combining consumption indicators (frequency, quantity, and heavy episodic drinking [HED]) with dependency indicators. AUDIT was developed in the early 1980s by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an outcome of a multinational collaborative initiative designed to establish a standardized screening instrument for the early identification of hazardous and harmful drinking behaviours across various cultural settings (Saunders et al., 1993). The tool’s relevancy in the Kenya context is inevitable because according to the National Authority for the Campaign Against Alcohol and Drug Abuse (NACADA) reports, Kenyans (approximately 3.2 million people) consumes alcohol, highlighting associated public health challenges. The aim of this article is to enhance precision in diagnosis and supports culturally valid clinical and counselling practice through the use of systematic and culturally customized tools. The study was restricted to secondary sources like online databased, books, government reports and published materials. The research criteria for the articles reviewed was based on the sample used, recommended year of publication was 2022 and above with few exceptions for classical materials and variables of study. Data were collected using descriptive analysis and thematic analysis. The results indicated that AUDIT requires cultural contextual adjustment to fit diverse communities in Kenya. Informed by the findings, the recommendation is that for AUDIT’s full psychometric properties to be used, it is imperative to construct indigenous metrics (or contextually modified counterparts) that are informed by the Kenyan cultural milieu, beverage consumption practices, regional vernacular, and linguistic nuances.
Abu Bakar Ahmad Mansor, Ajid Thohir, Khairiah Mohd Yassin, Muhamad Kodir, Shukri Ahmad
Drug addiction is an ongoing public health issue in Malaysia and requires a more comprehensive approach to recovery, especially involving the spiritual dimension. Dhikr therapy, practiced at Pondok Remaja Inabah (1) Malaysia, supplements the conventional treatment that mainly targets physical and behavioral issues. Although the effectiveness of recovery at this institution is often reported, empirical studies that describe in depth the mental experiences of trainees and the Islamic psychospiritual mechanisms that support recovery are still not widespread and systematically explained. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the mental state of trainees before and after dhikr therapy, the patterns of change that occur, and the Islamic psychospiritual mechanisms that contribute to mental recovery. This study uses a qualitative approach through a case study involving two drug trainees at PRI (1) Malaysia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and literature review, then analyzed thematically. The study findings indicate that prior to dhikr therapy, the trainees exhibited an unstable mental state, addiction, cognitive impairment, and a sense of spiritual emptiness. After therapy, there was a gradual mental change towards stability of thought, self-awareness, and repentance. This pattern of change shows a transition from a state of addiction and loss of direction in life to the building of internal stability that focuses on clarity of thought and meaning in life based on Islamic values. The mental recovery of the trainees is driven by Islamic psychospiritual mechanisms in dhikr therapy, encompassing the construction of meaning in life, emotional stabilization, the formation of a new identity, and inner spiritual monitoring. This study contributes to the development of a mental recovery model based on Islamic psychospirituality and emphasizes the potential of dhikr therapy as a systematic guide in drug recovery.
Ahmad Rizal Bin Madar, Fatema Ali Nasser Ali Aleissaee
The rapid digital transformation in higher education, accelerated by global shifts toward remote learning and credential modularity, has prompted UAE universities to adopt online credentials and digital learning models. However, the success of these innovations is dependent not only on institutional readiness but also on individuals' digital literacy. There is a very specific context here when considering this for in UAE or other similar contexts where the use of digital learning through online platforms is not as established and support from faculty is often necessary to drive change. This paper proposes a strategic framework linking digital capabilities, digital literacy, and online credential adoption in UAE higher education institutions (HEIs). We explore how institutional and individual-level factors intersect to enable sustainable digital credentialing in line with the UAE’s National Strategy for Higher Education 2030. The research offers practical implications for higher education institutions, policymakers, and faculty development programs, with a focus on enhancing digital competencies and promoting self-efficacy to support the digital transformation of education.
Aida Maria Ismail, Badrul Isa, Mochammad Hesan, Siti Sara Ibrahim, Wan Admiza Wan Hassan
Digitalisation is reshaping how governments deliver social protection and design income-generating programmes for low-income households. Malaysia’s People’s Income Initiative (Inisiatif Pendapatan Rakyat, IPR) aims to eradicate hardcore poverty and raise incomes through structured opportunities in agriculture, food and services, supported by modern delivery systems and partnerships. Indonesia, meanwhile, has spent more than a decade digitising its social protection ecosystem, including the conditional cash transfer Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) and the Non-Cash Food Assistance Programme (Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai, BPNT), shifting from cash and in-kind benefits to electronic accounts, e-vouchers and agent networks. These developments are often framed as pathways to financial and digital inclusion, yet evidence from the ground reveals a more complex reality. Connectivity, literacy, institutional capacity and everyday constraints determine who is reached, who is left behind and how far income support translates into better livelihoods. This article offers a conceptual analysis of digital inclusion in income-generating programmes by drawing lessons from Malaysia’s IPR and Indonesia’s digitalised social protection ecosystem. It synthesises literature on digital and financial inclusion, digital government-to-person (G2P) payments and recent reforms in both countries. The discussion argues that digitalisation can improve convenience, transparency and choice for low-income households and can open pathways to the wider digital economy when accompanied by appropriate support. However, there are also risks of digital exclusion, low or passive use of accounts, over-reliance on imperfect agent networks and the reproduction of existing inequalities when programme design assumes capacities that poor households do not yet have. On the basis of this comparative reflection, the article proposes design principles for digitally enabled income-generating programmes: treating digital channels as enablers rather than gatekeepers, combining digital onboarding with human support, investing in digital and financial literacy, strengthening consumer protection and data safeguards, and using digital systems not only for payments but also for linking participants to markets and services. It concludes by outlining a research agenda on digital inclusion within IPR and similar initiatives, with particular attention to women, rural communities and hardcore poor households.
Althea M. Recososa, Hazel Mae C. Llorente, John Mark B. Lazaro, Judy Jane H. Bacaling, Kier Ivan T. Garcia
Academic performance referred to how well a student did in school. It was usually shown through grades, test scores, assignments, and how well they understood what they were learning. This study investigated the relationship between digital literacy ability and academic performance of college students. Data was collected from 138 third-year education students in Santo Tomas, Province of Davao del Norte. Through the use of stratified universal sampling technique. This study utilized quantitative and non-experimental research through a descriptive correlational design. An adapted questionnaire assessed digital literacy ability, while academic performance was evaluated based on grades provided by instructors, which were adjusted for accuracy and relevance. An adapted questionnaire was used to assess digital literacy ability, while academic performance was evaluated based on grades provided by instructors, which were adjusted for accuracy and relevance. A very high level of digital literacy ability improved academic performance by enabling students to comprehend complex text, critically analyze information, and apply knowledge effectively across subjects. Results showed that both digital literacy ability and academic performance had a descriptive level of strong positive correlation. The statistical tools used in the study were the mean and Pearson r. The relationship between digital literacy ability and academic performance suggested that students who were more digitally literate tended to perform better academically, as they were able to efficiently access, evaluate, and use digital information for learning, which helped improve and enhance their academic achievement.
Edwin C. Briones Jr, Hazel Mae C. Llorente, Jellaica E. Galindez, John Mark B. Lazaro, Princess Ella Mae P. Andujar
Blended Learning (BL) represents a pedagogical strategy that merges conventional in-person teaching within a classroom setting with elements of online learning. This study aimed mainly to assess the significant correlation between digital literacy ability and blended learning course experience among college students enrolled in a local higher education institution (HEI) in Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. This study employed a quantitative, non-experimental approach using a descriptive-correlational design. The 353 respondents completed two sets of adapted-modified survey questionnaires that were validated by the panel of experts. Mean and pearson r were utilized to determine the significant relationship between digital literacy ability and blended learning course experience among college students. The findings showed an r-value of 0.583 and a p-value of 0.000, showing a positive medium significant relationship between digital literacy ability and blended learning course experience. It was thus recommended that the ability to utilize digital literacy in blended learning course experience be closely monitored and prioritized in order to ensure students receive a quality education and satisfactory learning experiences in this modality.
Jiangning Wu
This study examines the impact of digital strategy and business performance of enterprises on clothing companies in sichuan china. The study examines how the use of e-commerce platforms, smart manufacturing, and AI-driven design affects business performance measures like sales growth, market adaptability, and operational efficiency using a mixed-methods approach that includes survey data and case studies. Results reveal that SMEs with integrated digital strategies significantly enhance their profitability and competitive standing. Nonetheless, issues like insufficient funding, technological preparedness, and organizational resistance continue to be common. The study comes to the conclusion that in order to improve the sustainable development of SMEs in China's quickly changing textile and apparel industry, customized digital transformation plans backed by technology infrastructure and regulatory incentives are essential.
Ekedama, Kate, Megbele Andrew Moyioritse, Umuoighoro Barnabas Othuke
This study investigated the relationship between digital teaching fatigue and lecturers’ truancy in Nigerian universities engaged in blended learning. Using a correlational research design, 412 lecturers were sampled across federal, state, and private universities through multistage stratified sampling. Data were collected via the Digital Teaching Fatigue Scale (DTFS) and the Lecturer Truancy Scale (LTS), demonstrating reliability coefficients of 0.87 and 0.84, respectively. Descriptive analysis indicated moderate levels of digital teaching fatigue and truancy among lecturers. Simple linear regression revealed that digital teaching fatigue is a strong and significant predictor of truancy (R = 0.96, R² = 0.92, p = 0.050), accounting for 92% of the variance in absenteeism and delayed class delivery. The findings highlight that excessive digital teaching demands undermine lecturer attendance and engagement. To mitigate these effects, the study recommends managing teaching workloads, providing ergonomic and technological support, and implementing well-being programs to enhance lecturer participation and sustain effective blended learning practices in Nigerian universities.
Marzlin Marzuki, Noora’in Omar, Norazzie Md Zin, Norfarah Syahirah Mohd Fadzilah, Nurul Fatihah Ilias, Roshidah Safeei, Siti Sakinah Azizan, Zulyanti Abd Karim
The rapid digital transformation of the accounting profession has created a pressing need to realign accounting education with the digital economy's demands. However, traditional curricula often fail to incorporate emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and data analytics, leaving graduates ill-prepared for modern workplace challenges. This study addresses this gap by comprehensively reviewing teaching strategies and emerging paradigms in digital accounting education. Specifically, it explores integrating digital technologies into curricula, the role of experiential learning methods such as simulations and work-integrated learning, and key themes like online teaching, multimedia courseware, and the balance between traditional and digital teaching approaches. The findings reveal that the incorporation of advanced technologies and experiential learning methods significantly enhances students’ technical, intellectual, and interpersonal skills, preparing them for the complexities of the digital age. Multimedia courseware and online platforms further enrich learning experiences by promoting engagement and catering to diverse learning styles. Despite these benefits, challenges such as faculty training gaps, resource constraints, and resistance to change hinder effective implementation. The study underscores the importance of adopting a balanced approach that leverages the strengths of both traditional and digital teaching methods. Theoretical implications include the need for multidisciplinary frameworks that integrate technology with innovative pedagogies, while practical implications highlight the importance of institutional support, industry collaboration, and continuous professional development for educators. This study contributes to the literature by synthesising insights from diverse research strands and providing actionable recommendations for stakeholders. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, cross-cultural analyses, and empirical evaluations to further validate and expand upon these findings, ensuring that accounting education remains adaptive and future-ready in an increasingly digital world.
Fu Qiang, Wang Shuning
Digital transformation has become a central strategic priority for manufacturing enterprises in response to rapid technological advancement, intensifying global competition, and the emergence of Industry 4.0. Although a rapidly growing body of research has examined digital transformation in manufacturing contexts, existing studies remain scattered across multiple disciplines, and a comprehensive synthesis of the intellectual structure of this field is still lacking. To address this gap, this study conducts a bibliometric review of digital transformation research in manufacturing enterprises based on publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.
Idaya Husna Mohd, Nur Hazira Abdul Halim, Saliza Sulaiman, Shahariah Asmuni, Tuan Badrol Hisham Tuan Besar, Zuraidah Ismail
Digital Workplace Innovation and Employee Turnover Intention in the retail eyewear industry. Employees of a private eyewear retail company participated in a quantitative survey, and multiple regression analysis and correlation were used to examine the results. The findings indicate that employee turnover intention is significantly impacted by technology-enabled career development, digital workplaces, creative compensation schemes, and technology-driven employee relationship management. By emphasizing the ways in which workplace practices can be transformed digitally to encourage employee retention, this study adds to the body of research on digital HR innovation. The report also provides useful information for retail businesses looking to lower staff turnover through digital advances.
Audi, Isah Muhammad, Kamar Hamza
The post-Cold-War promise of a liberal, rules-based international system has given way to a hyper fragmented order in which great-power rivalry, transactional unilateralism, sub-state actors and trans-border shocks (pandemics, climate) overlap. This paper examines diplomacy—not as ceremonial protocol but as the primary social technology for managing that fragmentation. Using a historical-institutionalist lens complemented by role theory, the study interrogates 30 years of multilateral, mini-lateral and Track-1.5 experiments (1994-2024) using qualitative sources of data. The paper adopts the use of content analysis and logical interference as the tool of analysis. It finds that stability is produced less by the number of treaties signed than by the density of iterative diplomatic processes that: (a) convert power asymmetries into reciprocal issue-linkages; (b) 1elegitim restraint through 1elegitimi role expectations; and (c) embed “escape clauses” that keep regimes alive when domestic coalitions shift. Nigeria’s shuttle diplomacy in ECOWAS, Qatar’s “small-state mediation complex”, and the EU’s climate diplomacy coalitions are analysed as plausibility probes. The paper concludes that diplomacy still matters, but only when it is redesigned for a world of overlapping partial orders rather than a single liberal centre. Recommendations include the 1elegitimize1on1tion of “fragmentation audits” before every major negotiation, the creation of regional diplomatic stress-tests, and the adoption of algorithmic early-warning tools that track narrative shifts on encrypted diplomatic channels among others.
Nafeisa Abdulwahab Rihan, Yasir Abbas Saeed
Background: Malaria continues to pose a significant health and economic challenge in Sudan, imposing substantial out-of-pocket expenditures and Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) for affected households. This study aims to estimate direct healthcare costs, analyze healthcare resource utilization, and identify socioeconomic and demographic predictors of the economic burden of malaria in Madani Locality, Gezira State. Methodology: A community-based study was conducted in 2017 among 385 households selected through multi-stage sampling. Data on direct treatment expenditure (consultation fees, laboratory tests, drugs, special food, transportation, and other costs) and healthcare-seeking behaviors were collected via a piloted questionnaire. Statistical analysis employed descriptive methods, ANOVA, Chi-square tests, and multiple regression to assess cost distribution and predictors of economic burden. Results: Drugs constituted the highest proportion of direct treatment costs (107.61 SDG / 16.3 USD), followed by special food (38, 78 SDG / 5.7 USD). Pharmacies were the most common treatment source (11.77 SDG / 1.7 USD per case). Public health centers were the most common treatment source (47.3%), with proximity (53%) the primary reason for facility choice. Regression analysis identified socioeconomic status (p=0.001), occupation of household head (p=0.01), age (p=0.01), gender (p=0.03), and use of preventive methods (p=0.02) as significant predictors of economic burden, while diagnostic method and facility choice were not significant. These findings highlight that structural socioeconomic conditions outweigh service-level factors in shaping household vulnerability to Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE). Conclusion: Malaria impose substantial and catastrophic financial burden on households in Sudan, driven primarily by poverty, occupation, gender, and age. Preventive methods were protective, reducing household vulnerability. The study contributes to debates on Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and malaria financing by demonstrating that socioeconomic determinants, rather than service-level factors, are decisive in predicting Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE). Strengthening drug availability in public facilities, expanding insurance coverage, and prioritizing preventive interventions are critical to reducing economic vulnerability, advancing HUC, and achieving global malaria control targets.
Karen C. Javier
This study assessed the levels of Disaster Awareness and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) capacities of residents in Barangay Kisolon, Sumilao, Bukidnon. Guided by Twigg’s Disaster Resilience Framework and Rogers’ Protection Motivation Theory, the study evaluated four dimensions of disaster awareness—types and nature of disasters, exposure and vulnerability, disaster hazards, and emergency support systems—and four dimensions of DRRM capacities—mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Using a descriptive quantitative research design, data were collected from 125 residents through a validated questionnaire. Results revealed high awareness of disaster types (M = 3.556) and hazards (M = 3.504), while awareness of exposure and vulnerability was moderately high (M = 3.324). DRRM capacities were frequently practiced, with recovery rated highest (M = 3.462), followed by preparedness (M = 3.342). Spearman’s rho analysis showed significant positive correlations between disaster awareness and DRRM capacities (p < .001). These findings affirm that higher awareness strengthens DRRM capacities at the community level. Strengthened community-based training, broader information dissemination, and improved household-level preparedness are recommended to enhance resilience.
Roselyn S. Abrenica
The Philippines is recognized as one of the world's most hazard-prone countries, ranking third globally in highest risks based on the World Risk Report 2018(UNDRR, 2019). Annually, the country is struck by approximately 20 typhoons, with hydrometeorological events accounting for 80% of its natural hazards. The municipality of Tagkawayan, situated in the southern part of Quezon Province in the Calabarzon Region, is frequently battered by typhoons, flooding, and landslides. For years, Tagkawayan's community relied on localized efforts and the strong bayanihan spirit (community solidarity) to respond to emergencies. However, this approach, in the absence of a centralized and systematic disaster response mechanism, often led to gaps where manageable situations escalated into crises. Before the implementation of an Emergency Operations Center (EOC) system, disaster response was largely reactive, characterized by limited coordination and inefficient resource utilization. In recent years, a shift has occurred with the establishment of the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (MDRRMO) and the subsequent implementation of the EOC system. Faced with the increasing intensity of disasters, the local government began training the MDRRM Councils and established the EOC system in 2023. This initiative introduced technology-driven solutions, streamlined coordination, and proactive planning, marking a turning point in Tagkawayan's disaster management. This case study investigates the evolution of disaster response in Tagkawayan, Quezon, specifically by exploring the stark contrast between the pre-EOC and post-EOC periods. The comparison involves the municipality's response to two specific events: Typhoon Kristine (2024), which occurred Without an EOC System, and Typhoon Pepito (2024), which occurred With an EOC System.
Edward N. Idigo, Florence T. Idigo-Ibenta
This study aimed to investigate the disruption of traditional banking by fintechs and their effects and influences in Nigeria. It examined various forms and dimensions of fintechs’ disruptive innovation activities and their specific effects on traditional banking. A descriptive survey research design was employed in this study. The sample of the study was drawn from three stakeholder groups consisting of industry professionals across banking, financial, fintechs and other non-banking/finance professionals; agency banking and PoS operators; and customers and end-users of banking and fintech products and services. The study relied mainly on primary data obtained through a structured questionnaire administered and received from 371 respondents. The data collected was analysed and presented using descriptive methods. The statistical techniques employed are the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the regression analysis models. The hypotheses were tested using the one sample t-test and the regression coefficients. The findings showed statistical evidence that fintechs' technological innovations cause significant disruption to traditional banking in Nigeria. It also showed that the effects and influences of fintechs’ disruption of traditional banking are significant. The study concludes that fintechs have become a significant force that is changing Nigeria's traditional banking and financial system. Thus, banks should collaborate with fintechs to leverage their technological capabilities while maintaining their conventional risk management strenghts. Particularly, banks should further integrate fintechs’ innovations into their existing banking systems to improve service delivery.
Nor Azlina Mohd Noor
Domestic violence is a pervasive issue that affects millions of individuals globally, transcending cultural, economic, and social boundaries. This study examines global scholarly trends, gaps and insight on domestic violence law by conducting a comprehensive bibliometric analysis aimed at identifying research patterns, dominant themes, and emerging areas of inquiry. Domestic violence continues to present significant legal and social challenges worldwide, yet the breadth and evolution of academic contributions in this field remain insufficiently mapped, creating a gap in understanding how legal scholarship has responded to shifting global dynamics. To address this gap, the study collected data using the Scopus advanced search function, yielding a final dataset of 1053 publications that met the predefined criteria. The methodological process involved statistical and graphical examination through the Scopus Analyzer, followed by data cleaning and harmonisation using OpenRefine to ensure accuracy and consistency across author names, keywords, and institutional affiliations. Subsequently, VOSviewer was employed to generate visualisations of co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence structures, and thematic clusters, enabling deeper interpretation of intellectual linkages and research trajectories. The numerical results show a marked increase in publication activity over the last decade, a concentration of contributions from high income countries, and the prominence of core research themes such as intimate partner violence, policing, gender-based discrimination, child protection, and international legal frameworks. Network visualisation further demonstrates the formation of several coherent clusters that reflect interdisciplinary intersections between law, criminology, public health, and social policy. In conclusion, the findings provide an integrated overview of global academic engagement with domestic violence law, offering valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking to understand current knowledge structures and future research directions in this critical legal domain.
Adelakun, Aderopo Samuel, Adeoba, Akintade Smart, Akinfiresoye, Waleola Ayo, Ijomah, Augustine Azubuike
Price fluctuations and their impact on enterprise profitability motivated this study on the Economic Analysis of Palm Oil Marketing in Ile-Oluji/Oke-Igbo Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 120 respondents, and data were collected through structured questionnaires. Analytical tools employed included descriptive statistics, Gini coefficient, budgetary analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that palm oil marketing was dominated by females (90.8%), with most marketers being married (97.5%) and over 50 years of age (53.3%). Household size of 5–7 persons was most common (44.2%), while 79.2% had some level of formal education. About 75% of respondents had 1–10 years of marketing experience. A Gini coefficient of 0.63 and deviation of the Lorenz curve from the line of equality indicated imperfect market competition. Profitability analysis showed that palm oil marketing was viable, with a gross margin of ₦2,824,618.70, net return of ₦2,562,870, return on investment of 1.35, marketing margin of 28.7%, and marketing efficiency of 135%. Household size, age, and marketing experience significantly influenced marketing margin. Key constraints included seasonality, perishability, labour shortages, and high farm-gate prices. The study recommends government and NGO interventions through price regulation, storage infrastructure, and programmes to encourage youth and male participation in the enterprise.
Rafael Fernando Vargas Salinas
Public Choice Theory (PCT) has profoundly reshaped the positive analysis of politics by applying microeconomic reasoning to political institutions, incentives, and collective decision-making. This article offers a comprehensive and integrative review of the theoretical foundations, empirical applications, and conceptual limitations of PCT, with particular emphasis on the transition from the notion of a benevolent state to a view of politics as a system of exchange constrained by institutional rules (Buchanan & Tullock, 1962; Mueller, 2003). Using a narrative review with systematic elements, the study synthesizes classical contributions -such as the median voter theorem, political budget cycles, regulatory capture, and the logic of collective action- with contemporary extensions addressing constitutional design, populism, global public goods, and behavioural critiques (Sen, 1999; Kahneman, 2011). The literature is organised into four analytical axes: foundational models, institutional mechanisms, theoretical extensions, and empirical applications.
Enid P. W. Gatumu, Frederick Mito Ogodo, Joseph Mwita Kisito
Background & research problem: Socioeconomic factors, such as economic precariousness and racialized or ethnicized gender inequalities, have a major impact on children's mental health in Kenya, especially in marginalized communities. Children's mental health challenges are exacerbated by economic instability and structural inequalities, which can result in behavioural disorders, anxiety, and depression. Despite increased awareness of the emerging concerns of mental health among children, barriers such as stigma, financial constraints, and poor infrastructure continue to limit access to care. This systematic review aimed to examine the relationship between child mental health and economic precariousness, evaluate the effect of racial and ethnic gender inequality on mental health outcomes, and investigate barriers to mental health care access. Results: The findings showed that economic instability causes long-term stress and negative mental health outcomes in children. Furthermore, children from marginalized communities are disproportionately affected by gendered and ethnic disparities, with girls particularly being more affected. Discrimination, limited services in remote locations, and financial challenges are common barriers to accessing mental health care, leading to untreated cases. Conclusions & recommendations: The study concludes that tackling child mental health issues calls for expanding access to mental health services, promoting equity, and reducing poverty. Enhancing social protection programs, encouraging gender parity through education, and incorporating mental health services into basic healthcare are some of the recommendations by this review. These measures are crucial to enhancing mental health outcomes of children in Kenya.
Ismael W. Baog, Jamaico C. Magayo, Khaskie O. Clerigo, Wenefredo E. Cagape
Educational stress remains a concern for student psychological well-being in higher education. This study examined whether inclusive culture mediates the association between educational pressure and college students’ well-being. Using a non-experimental, quantitative mediation design, data were collected from 169 students selected through stratified random sampling. Results indicated that inclusive culture significantly accounted for the relationship between educational pressure and well-being, with the direct association becoming non-significant when inclusivity was considered. Interpreted through Bronfenbrenner’s Social-Ecological Systems Theory, the findings highlight the importance of institutional context in shaping students’ responses to academic demands. Strengthening inclusive practices may support student well-being and sustainable academic success.
Edwin Masika Nalulasi
This is a study of the impact the Kenya Affordable Housing Programme had on the urban slums in Nairobi based on peer-reviewed literature and rigorously verified secondary data. Although the programme has increased the total stock of housing, only a small proportion of newly built housing is available to the lowest income earners in the city, which means that around 60 per cent of the population continues to stay in informal settlements. Continued affordability differences, poor infrastructure and high utility expenses also limit substantive access. Comparison of Dar es Salaam and Kampala shows similarities in the city problems, which implies the applicability of the results to the region. The research highlights the need to have integrated policy frameworks, i.e., a mix of housing supply, affordability tools, infrastructure investment and inclusive governance in order to have sustainable urban outcomes.
Garba Hayanchi, Sadat Ibn Adam
The study examined the effect of affordable power alternatives such as solar energy and mini-grid systems on the financial performance of selected informal vendors Kebbi State. Through surveys, and interviews on operational efficiency across three (3) communities (Danko, Kyabu District, and Maga), data were collected from a sample of 154 informal vendor operators from a population of 274. Mixed research approach was employed and data were assessed based on changes in income levels, operational costs, and business sustainability following access to alternative energy sources used by the vendors. The study employed regression analysis (SPSS software) to analyse the quantitative data, while table (NVivo software) was used for thematic coding of the qualitative data collected. Findings from the analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in daily income, extended operating hours, and reduced reliance on costly fuel-based power sources. The study uncovered the transformative potential of energy access in supporting the development of grassroots businesses and offered policy recommendations for scaling such interventions in underserved regions which are suggested to be addressed through coordinated efforts among governments, private sector players, and civil society organizations.
Magnus Bayuo, Peace Ankor
This study investigates the effects and challenges of COVID-19 on selected hotels in Northern Ghana. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 190 employees across 10 star-rated hotels in Tamale through structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Chi-square tests were employed for data analysis. The results show that low room occupancy was the most severe effect of the pandemic, followed by pay reductions and job insecurity, reflecting significant revenue losses and employee vulnerability. The ANOVA results indicate that COVID-19-related factors jointly had a significant influence on hotel operations, while the Chi-square analysis reveals that the impacts were unevenly distributed, with demand and employment effects being more pronounced than increased expenditure or workload. Key challenges identified include mandatory mask-wearing, declining cash flow, low employee wages, staff movement restrictions, and health-related uncertainties in serving guests. The study concludes that COVID-19 substantially disrupted hotel operations in Northern Ghana and underscores the need for improved crisis management strategies, government support, and adaptive operational practices to enhance sector resilience.
Dr. Yasin, Weldon Kibet
A healthy population contributes significantly to a nation’s economic development. Despite this, Kenya has reported an average infant mortality rate of 40.4 deaths per 1,000 live births, exceeding the global average of 27.9 per 1,000. This situation has hindered the country’s productivity, reduced national income, and slowed efforts to alleviate poverty. The study aimed to examine how external remittances influence health outcomes. It relied on time series data from multiple sources covering the years 2004–2024. A multivariate regression model was developed, and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method was applied to estimate the relationship between remittances and infant mortality. The study was guided by the Grossman theoretical framework. Results showed that remittances were associated with a reduction in infant mortality. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government, together with financial institutions, facilitate affordable, secure, and efficient channels for transferring earnings from abroad to help improve national health outcomes.
Halimatu, Sa’adiya Abubakar, Zainab, Eretor Ajibodi
This study evaluates the effect of financial assets on the financial performance of seven (7) listed DMBs in Nigeria between 2018-2024 with amortized-cost and fair value through comprehensive income (FVOCI) as the independent variable and return on assets as the dependent variable. Data extracted from the audited published financial statements of the firms for the period covered were subjected to descriptive analysis and inferential statistics analysis. Diagnostics tests include: heteroscedasticity, Hausman test, Lagrange multiplier test. Panel Regression Analysis result reveals that amortized-cost financial assets exert a significant negative effect on return on assets (ROA), a result aligned with the literature showing that IFRS 9’s ECL model reduces profitability where credit-risk exposure is high. FVOCI assets, however, demonstrate no significant effect on ROA, supporting the argument that FVOCI classification shifts valuation effects to other comprehensive income rather than current earnings. The study recommends that regulators should strengthen the credit-risk management frameworks and banks should adjust their portfolio strategies in response to IFRS-driven income volatility.
Halimatu, Sa’adiya Abubakar, Zainab, Eretor Ajibodi
This study evaluates the effect of financial assets on the financial performance of seven (7) listed DMBs in Nigeria between 2018-2024 with amortized-cost and fair value through comprehensive income (FVOCI) as the independent variable and return on assets as the dependent variable. Data extracted from the audited published financial statements of the firms for the period covered were subjected to descriptive analysis and inferential statistics analysis. Diagnostics tests include: heteroscedasticity, Hausman test, Lagrange multiplier test. Panel Regression Analysis result reveals that amortized-cost financial assets exert a significant negative effect on return on assets (ROA), a result aligned with the literature showing that IFRS 9’s ECL model reduces profitability where credit-risk exposure is high. FVOCI assets, however, demonstrate no significant effect on ROA, supporting the argument that FVOCI classification shifts valuation effects to other comprehensive income rather than current earnings. The study recommends that regulators should strengthen the credit-risk management frameworks and banks should adjust their portfolio strategies in response to IFRS-driven income volatility.
Olubisi D.A.Oladapo
Tax fraud remains a significant challenge in Nigeria, with the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) losing an estimated $20 billion annually due to tax evasion. The study investigated the effect of forensic accounting expertise (specifically forensic investigative skills, legal knowledge, auditing techniques, and financial ratio analysis) on tax fraud detection in Nigeria’s FIRS. Anchored on the positivist philosophy and using a quantitative research design, the study targeted a population of 179 FIRS professionals out of which 168 responded. A stratified random sampling technique was adopted, and data were collected via structured questionnaires. Reliability of the instrument was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha (α = 0.85), and data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression with SPSS 17.0. The findings revealed that forensic investigative skills (β = 1.010, p < 0.05) and legal knowledge (β = 1.533, p < 0.05) had positive and significant effects on tax fraud detection. However, auditing techniques (β = -0.757, p < 0.05) and financial ratio analysis (β = -1.099, p < 0.05) showed significant but negative effects. The study concluded that while investigative and legal competencies enhance tax fraud detection, the current application of auditing and ratio analysis may be ineffective or misaligned. It recommends targeted training in forensic investigation and legal procedures, as well as a review and modernization of auditing and ratio analysis techniques to improve the efficacy of fraud detection in Nigeria’s tax system.
Blessing Amani Idenu, Prof. Suleiman A. S. Aruwa, Yakubu Aminu Ahmed
Supply chain performance is foundational to healthcare delivery during pandemics, with metrics like availability of essential supplies, procurement lead time, and stockout frequency determining patient outcomes and system resilience. This study examined the effect of pandemic preparedness specifically Strategic Stockpile Readiness (SSPR), Cold Chain Storage Capacity (CCSS), Procurement Agility (PRAG), and Response Training (RETR) on Supply Chain Performance (SUCP) at Federal Medical Centre Abuja Headquarters, Nigeria. Supply chain performance, in this study, is measured through availability and continuity of essential medical supplies, procurement lead time as an indicator of response speed, and frequency of stockouts or service disruptions during health emergencies. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 129 key stakeholders across four critical departments via structured questionnaires. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the data, revealing that Cold Chain Storage Capacity (β = 0.393, p < 0.001), Strategic Stockpile Readiness (β = 0.328, p = 0.015), and Procurement Agility (β = 0.214, p = 0.003) all significantly affect supply chain performance, while Response Training (β = 0.022, p = 0.477) had no significant effect. Collectively, these preparedness variables explain 74.5% of the variance in supply chain performance (R² = 0.745). While Response Training was perceived positively, it did not translate into measurable performance gains. This study concluded that infrastructure- and process-driven preparedness is vital to ensuring supply continuity, reducing delays, and minimizing disruptions during crises. Recommendations for FMC Abuja Headquarters include prioritizing cold chain upgrades, expanding strategic reserves, institutionalizing agile procurement frameworks, and revamping training with outcome-focused drills to strengthen overall supply chain resilience.
Dahiru Suleiman Ibrahim, Nwogute Ugochukwu, Prof. SULEIMAN A. S. Aruwa
This study examined the effect of port digitization on the logistics performance of maritime supply chains in Nigerian Ports Authority Apapa and Tin Can Island Ports. It specifically investigates how Digital Cargo Tracking Systems, Port Community System (PCS), and Port Automation Level affect logistics performance, measured by turnaround time, cargo clearance time, and cost efficiency. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, targeting 325 Port Authority officials, Customs officers, logistics managers, terminal operators, shipping line representatives, and ICT experts across Apapa and Tin Can Island Ports, from whom 228 completed responses were retrieved, yielding an 70.2% response rate. Purposive sampling was used to select respondents with relevant operational experience. Data were collected via Google Forms using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLSSEM) with Smart PLS 3 was used for data analysis. The study findings revealed that Digital Cargo Tracking Systems (0.368, p = 0.000) and Port Automation Level (0.442, p = 0.000) significantly affect logistics performance, while Port Community System (PCS) (0.178, p = 0.084) showed no significant direct effect. This study concluded that digital cargo tracking and port automation significantly affect logistics performance, while PCS showed no significant effect. Therefore, this study recommended that NPA and NCS expand GPS/RFID infrastructure, invest in full PCS interoperability and training, and accelerate AGV/ASCs deployment with public-private partnerships to reduce dwell times, enhance throughput, and improve cost efficiency in Apapa and Tin Can Island Ports.
Dr. Udechukwu, Joachim Amobi, Okoli Onyekachukwu Henry
The persistence of risky sexual behaviour among adolescents in Nigeria continues to pose significant public health concerns, especially in relation to the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Despite existing health education initiatives, adolescent sexuality remains poorly regulated, increasing vulnerability to HIV infection. This study investigated the effect of School-Based Prevention Programmes (SBPP) on sexual behaviour of in-school adolescents in Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, it examined the influence of SBPP on sexual behaviour, the moderating effect of gender and the interaction between treatment and gender. A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group was adopted. A total of 143 Senior Secondary II students from two co-educational public schools participated. The experimental group received SBPP, while the control group received conventional instruction. The Sexual Behaviour Questionnaire for Adolescents (SBQA) was used for data collection, and reliability analysis yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and 2 × 2 ANCOVA. Results showed that SBPP significantly reduced risky sexual behaviour (F(1,138)=82.40, p<0.001, partial η²=0.383), with no significant effect of gender (F(1,138)=1.37, p=0.245) or interaction between treatment and gender (F(1,138)=0.30, p=0.585). Findings highlight the effectiveness of participatory, skill-based interventions in reducing risky sexual behaviour among adolescents. The study concludes that SBPPs are effective in modifying risky sexual behaviours among adolescents and recommends the integration of SBPP into school curricula, teacher training and longitudinal monitoring.
Pemarathne WG
This study examines the role of strategic behavior in shaping strategic typologies among owners of Ayurveda firms in Sri Lanka, a context where these concepts remain relatively underexplored. Strategic behavior promotes strategic thinking and supports firms’ adaptation to environmental uncertainty by balancing internal and external factors. Acknowledging the influence of culturally specific conditions, the study investigates the validity of the relationship between strategic behavior and strategic typology within the traditional Sri Lankan framework. Data was collected from a large sample of small and medium-sized Ayurveda firms, and analyzed using reliability analysis, One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Tukey HSD tests. Findings indicate that all three dimensions of strategic behavior—entrepreneurial, technological, and administrative—significantly influence strategic typologies. For the Defender typology, significant differences were found between entrepreneurial and technological behaviors, and between administrative and technological behaviors. In contrast, the Prospector typology showed significant differences between entrepreneurial and administrative behaviors, and between entrepreneurial and technological behaviors. Descriptive results reveal that Prospector firms exhibit the highest levels of strategic behavior, while Defenders show the lowest. The study recommends transforming traditional mindsets to enhance the competitiveness of Ayurveda firms against Western medical products.
Isah Yunus, Thomas Hosea Swanta
The resilience of supply chains in multinational FMCG firms like Nestlé Nigeria Plc is critical for operational continuity amid Nigeria’s volatile economic and infrastructural challenges. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) practices, encompassing trust, communication, collaboration, information sharing, and risk management, are strategic levers for enhancing resilience. This study examined the effect of SRM practices on the supply chain resilience of Nestlé Nigeria Plc, measured through order fulfillment speed, inventory turnover ratio, and supply chain disruption recovery time. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, with data collected from 269 respondents across 394 purposively sampled managerial staff using a structured questionnaire. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analyzed the data. Results showed that Supplier Trust (β = 0.278, p = 0.000), Supplier Communication (β = 0.318, p = 0.000), and Supplier Risk Management (β = 0.165, p = 0.029) significantly and positively influence supply chain resilience, while Supplier Collaboration (β = 0.103, p = 0.070) and Supplier Information Sharing (β = 0.104, p = 0.091) had no significant effect, collectively explaining 78.3% of the variance in resilience (R² = 0.783). Supplier Communication exerted the strongest effect, followed by Supplier Trust. The study concluded that the operational stability of Nestlé Nigeria Plc relies heavily on strong relational factors and mandatory risk mitigation over formal data transparency. Consequently, it recommends the prioritization of trust-building long-term contracts, real-time digital communication platforms, and dual-sourcing risk policies, alongside internal audits to address structural barriers hindering effective information exchange
Ayodeji Chris Okegbemi, MAIRIGA Benjamin, MARYAM Y. Shantali, SULEIMAN A. S. Aruwa
The performance of healthcare systems in developing economies is heavily dependent on the resilience and efficiency of medicine supply chains. This study examined the effect of Supply Chain Management (SCM) practices, specifically Strategic Sourcing (SS), Logistics and Distribution Management (LDM), Risk Management Practices (RMP), and Quality Assurance and Control Practices (QAC), on the performance of the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) Medicine Supply Initiative (NMSI) in Nigeria (2020–2024). Performance was measured through non-financial and operational metrics, including product availability (stock-out rates), economic efficiency (price affordability), and supply chain responsiveness. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 121 valid strategic stakeholders across the NHIA headquarters, pharmaceutical partners, Drug Management Organisations (DMOs), and NAFDAC. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) revealed that Strategic Sourcing (β = 0.360, p < 0.001), Logistics and Distribution Management (β = 0.270, p = 0.001), and Quality Assurance (β = 0.167, p = 0.038) significantly and positively affect NMSI performance. Collectively, these variables explain 82.7% of the variance in performance (R² = 0.827). Notably, Risk Management Practices (β = 0.188, p = 0.052) did not meet the threshold for statistical significance at the 5% level. The study concluded robust strategic sourcing and integrated logistics are essential drivers of success in Nigeria's universal health coverage efforts through the NHIA Medicine Supply Initiative. Recommendations include adopting AI-driven procurement analytics and centralized dashboards, accelerating eLMIS deployment with GPS tracking and SSHIS integration, strengthening quality assurance via automated verification, supplier audits, strategic reserves, and multi-sourcing, and enhancing risk management maturity with tailored identification, assessment, mitigation, and early warning tools.
AKPA Innocent Ojochenemi, Prof. Suleiman A. S. Aruwa, Shuaibu Sadiya
The performance of Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Company, a key player in Nigeria’s economy, is vital for operational efficiency and financial stability in the global LNG market. Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM), encompassing risk identification, risk assessment, risk mitigation strategies, and risk monitoring and control, is critical for mitigating disruptions and enhancing performance. This study examined the effect of SCRM on NLNG’s performance, measured through operational performance (on-time delivery rate) and financial performance (cost efficiency/reduction and revenue stability). A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, collecting data from 207 management and senior staff across NLNG’s supply chain operations using a structured questionnaire distributed via a census approach. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis. Results indicated that risk identification (β = 0.328, p = 0.003), risk assessment (β = 0.154, p = 0.013), risk mitigation strategies (β = 0.226, p = 0.005), and risk monitoring and control (β = 0.252, p = 0.034) significantly and positively influence NLNG’s performance, collectively explaining 76.1% of the variance in performance (R² = 0.761). These findings revealed that robust SCRM practices enhance NLNG’s operational and financial outcomes, though challenges like infrastructure deficits and regulatory instability persist. Recommendations include adopting advanced risk detection technologies, integrating probabilistic risk assessment models, expanding mitigation strategies like dual sourcing, and implementing real-time risk monitoring systems to bolster performance.
AMINU Abdulsalam, SINI Ibrahim, SULEIMAN A. S. Aruwa
The operational performance of Dangote Cement Plc, Obajana Plant, a flagship manufacturing hub in Nigeria’s cement industry, is critical for sustaining productivity, reliable deliveries, and cost efficiency in an increasingly volatile operating environment. Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM), conceptualised in this study through three core dimensions, Risk Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Mitigation strategies is central to cushioning the plant against high-impact disruptions in raw material sourcing, production, and outbound logistics. This study examined the effect of SCRM strategies on operational performance, measured through productivity, delivery reliability, and cost efficiency. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and 210 copies of questionnaires were distributed to supply chain and logistics staff, procurement and inventory officers, and production or operations supervisors using stratified proportionate allocation based on Bowley’s formula. A total of 156 copies of questionnaires were retrieved and found usable, yielding a response rate of 74.3%. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that Risk Identification (β = 0.398, p = 0.000), Risk Assessment (β = 0.258, p = 0.002), and Risk Mitigation strategies (β = 0.289, p = 0.001) each exert a positive and statistically significant effect on operational performance, with the three constructs jointly explaining 76.1% of its variance (R² = 0.761). The findings demonstrated that robust SCRM capabilities substantially enhance productivity, strengthen delivery reliability, and improve cost efficiency at the Obajana Plant. The study recommends deeper institutionalisation of systematic risk identification, analytics-driven risk assessment, and proactive mitigation measures, supported by digital technologies and strategic supplier partnerships, to consolidate operational resilience in Nigeria’s cement manufacturing sector.
Romcel M. Chico
This study investigated the effectiveness of grammar-integrated authentic assessment in enhancing language proficiency among Junior and Senior High School Students through content analysis. Struggling to enhance language proficiency among Junior and Senior High School Students, Grammar- Integrated Authentic Assessment practice of English as a Second Language (ESL) Teachers would be effective. Traditional methods of grammar instruction often isolate grammar rules from practical language use, potentially limiting students' ability to apply these rules in real-life contexts. By integrating authentic assessment techniques, which involve real-world tasks and applications, this research aimed to bridge the gap between grammatical knowledge and its practical usage. The results showed that students exposed to the grammar-integrated authentic assessments performed far above those who were taught through traditional grammar instruction in language proficiency improvement. The conclusion of this study was that integrating authentic assessment into the teaching of grammar is one way to make language proficiency more appropriate for high school learners of the language and to give them a more holistic or practical understanding of the usage of the language.
Evelyn Makena Mugambi, Prof George Ochieng Otieno, Prof John Oyore
Individuals with limited mobility, including people with disabilities (PWD) and older persons (OP), often encounter obstacles in accessing water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services because facilities do not meet their needs. Kenya’s cash transfer program seeks to enhance dignity, promote inclusion, and provide social protection for vulnerable households of OP (70+), PWD, and orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC). A combination of cash transfer with other supportive services, often referred to as "Cash plus," has been shown to improve non-monetary aspects of human development among targeted households. Conducted in Makueni County, Kenya, this quasi-experimental study assessed households’ ability to make WASH facilities accessible (usable) for OP and PWD, investigated how inclusive WASH interventions affected access for OP and PWD, and analyzed how the intervention influenced expenditure priorities of OP, PWD and OVC households enrolled in the cash transfer program. Quantitative data was collected using individual questionnaires, with a total of 223 respondents. The study found significant differences between the intervention and control arms in improved water storage practices (p=0.001); improved household water treatment practices (p=0.001); household toilet modifications (p=0.001); handwashing station modifications (P =0.001); and bathing facility modifications (p = 0.002). Further, the intervention group reported 5-times higher odds of toilet modification (aOR=5.02, 95% CI: 2.67-9.76, p<0.001); 4 times higher odds of handwashing facility modifications (aOR=4.12, 95% CI: 2.19-8.03, p<0.001) 4.6 times higher odds of bathing facility modifications (aOR=4.61, 95% CI: 2.319.57, p<0.001) and 3 times higher odds of ranking WASH among the top 3 expenditure priorities (aOR=3.18, 95% CI: 1.62-6.51, p=0.001). The results indicate that implementing inclusive WASH interventions can significantly improve households' capacity to practice safe WASH behaviors, support the adaptation of existing WASH facilities to improve usability by OP and PWD through basic modifications, and promote greater prioritization of household investment in WASH-related services and resources.
Buruchara, Josephine N
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are increasingly central to organizational efficiency, coordination, and accountability, particularly within large humanitarian organizations operating in complex and resource-constrained environments. While substantial investments have been made in ICT infrastructure, evidence suggests that technological adoption alone is insufficient to deliver sustained performance improvements without corresponding investments in human capacity development. This study examines the effects of ICT training on organizational performance using a case study of the World Food Programme (WFP) Uganda Country Office. The study adopted a descriptive and comparative case study design, drawing on survey data from 40 purposively selected WFP staff across management and operational functions, supplemented by key informant interviews and document review. ICT training was assessed in terms of training access, relevance, and continuity, while organizational performance was measured using indicators related to communication and information flow, operational efficiency, coordination, decision-making timeliness, and service delivery. Data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative techniques, supported by thematic analysis of qualitative data.
Kier L. Ecle, Monera A. Salic-Hairulla
This study examined the effects of Universal Design for Learning (UDL)–based instruction on junior high school students’ academic achievement and selected motivational dimensions in chemistry. Using a descriptive and causal-comparative design, pretest–posttest data were collected from students who received UDL-based instruction following their teachers’ participation in a structured UDL professional development program. Results indicated statistically significant gains in students’ concept knowledge across schools and school classifications, with difference in the level of improvement. Analysis of motivational outcomes showed significant increases in students’ interest and engagement and self-efficacy, as well as a significant reduction in anxiety following UDL implementation. However, changes in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that while UDL-based instruction is associated with improved academic achievement and selected affective outcomes, its short-term effects on deeper motivational constructs may be limited. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the absence of a control group and the short duration of the intervention. Implications for instructional practice and directions for future research are discussed.
Muktar Bashir, Shamsudeen Umar Faruk
This article compares critically electoral systems and Authoritarian regimes, with a view to unravel the system that promotes stability and the needed development in a society. Documentary sources were utilized in this work. The paper argues that electoral systems are critical determinants of political stability, but their effects differ dramatically between democracies and authoritarian regimes. While proportional systems generally promote stability in heterogeneous democracies through inclusion, and majoritarian systems can stabilize homogeneous democracies through decisiveness, authoritarian regimes use electoral systems to consolidate power rather than foster genuine representation. Yet authoritarian elections can backfire when opposition mobilization outpaces repression. Thus, electoral systems should be seen as conditional instruments whose success depends on broader political, social, and institutional contexts.
Mhie B. Daniel, Raymart F. Sabayton, Zaiza Villarosa
In today's increasingly diverse and multicultural classrooms, culturally responsive teaching has become a key approach in fostering meaningful and inclusive learning experiences. This study explored how Araling Panlipunan (Social Studies) teachers integrate local culture, history, and values into their lessons as part of culturally responsive education. Using a transcendental-phenomenological design, the research focused on the lived experiences of 10 public secondary school teachers from Misamis Occidental, who were purposively selected for the study. Data were gathered through in-depth, semi-structured interviews that allowed teachers to share their insights and reflections freely.Thematic analysis revealed four themes: (1) use of community-based instruction; (2) integrating local festivals and celebration ; (3) role-playing and simulation; and (4) fieldwork and immersion. The findings show that teachers demonstrate creativity and initiative in embedding cultural identity within their lessons. Still, the lack of instructional materials and institutional assistance often limits the effectiveness of these efforts. To strengthen culturally responsive instruction, the study recommends that the Department of Education develop localized teaching guides, provide continuous teacher training, and promote school-community partnerships. Teacher education programs should also include localization frameworks to prepare future educators for culturally grounded instruction.
Dennis Boateng Adofo, Ebenezer Assoah, Isaac Armah
This study investigates the adoption and use of emerging technologies within the accounting industry, drawing empirical evidence from the Sefwi Wiawso Municipality in the Western North Region of Ghana. The primary objective of the study was to assess the extent to which accounting professionals and business managers have embraced selected emerging technologies and to identify the dominant technologies influencing contemporary accounting practices within the municipality. A quantitative research design was employed to ensure objectivity and allow for statistical generalization of findings. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to a sample of 154 respondents, comprising professional accountants and business managers operating in both the public and private sectors. The questionnaires were designed to capture respondents’ awareness, usage levels, and perceptions regarding the adoption of emerging technologies in accounting. Descriptive statistical tools, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, were used to analyse the data and determine the extent of adoption of the selected technologies. The findings indicate that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the most dominant and widely adopted emerging technology within the accounting industry in Sefwi Wiawso. AI applications are primarily used in areas such as automated data processing, error detection, and decision-support systems. This is followed by Big Data analytics, which is increasingly utilized to enhance financial analysis, forecasting, and strategic decision-making. Cloud Accounting also shows a moderate level of adoption, largely due to its benefits in terms of accessibility, cost efficiency, and real-time financial reporting. Robotic Process Automation (RPA), however, records the lowest level of adoption, suggesting limited awareness, high implementation costs, and inadequate technical expertise as possible barriers. Overall, the study concludes that the accounting industry in Sefwi Wiawso Municipality is gradually transitioning toward technology-driven practices. However, the adoption of emerging technologies is uneven, with significant disparities across different technological tools. These variations are influenced by factors such as organizational size, availability of infrastructure, technical skills, and financial capacity. Based on these findings, the study recommends targeted capacity-building programmes, including continuous professional training and digital skills development for accounting professionals. It also advocates for increased investment in technological infrastructure and supportive policy frameworks by government and regulatory bodies to facilitate the effective integration of emerging technologies. Such measures would enhance efficiency, accuracy, and competitiveness within the accounting industry, ultimately contributing to improved financial management and economic development in the region.
Dr. Abu Bakar Bin Jaafar, Lokman Bin Abdul Rasol, Ruzainim Binti Mohd Zelani
This review investigates the integration of advanced digital technologies and sustainable pest management strategies to enhance halal supply chain integrity and food safety. Emphasizing the critical importance of halal compliance for Muslim consumers, the paper examines challenges in maintaining traceability and preventing contamination within complex supply chains. Key digital innovations such as blockchain technology, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and emerging platforms like the metaverse are discussed for their roles in ensuring transparency, data integrity, and real-time monitoring. Concurrently, sustainable pest management approaches including biological control agents, integrated pest management (IPM), and data-driven monitoring systems are reviewed for their effectiveness against invasive pests impacting halal food sources. The synthesis highlights synergies between technological solutions and sustainable practices that collectively improve compliance, risk assessment, and consumer trust. Implementation challenges, particularly for small and medium enterprises and institutional barriers are identified, guiding future research directions focusing on technological scalability, regulatory readiness, ecological efficacy of pest control agents and consumer engagement. Overall, the review underscores the potential of combining digital innovations with sustainable pest management to fortify halal supply chains and promotes multidisciplinary efforts to address existing gaps.
Rene N. Rabacal, Ryan R. Orogo
This study, titled “Empirical Rainfall Threshold Determination for Flooding in Sorsogon Province,” aimed to identify rainfall thresholds that could trigger flooding in the province. Sorsogon, located in the Bicol Region of the Philippines, is highly susceptible to flooding due to its topography, coastal location, and exposure to multiple weather systems such as tropical cyclones, shearlines, and monsoons. Using both descriptive and evaluative research designs, the study analyzed historical rainfall data from the PAGASA Synoptic Station in Juban, complemented by satellite rainfall estimates from the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP). Bias correction techniques were applied to improve the accuracy of satellite-derived rainfall data. Results revealed that rainfall thresholds for flooding varied among municipalities: 70–80 mm for Magallanes and Juban, 80–90 mm for Sorsogon City and Irosin, and 90–100 mm for Castilla and Bulan. Tropical cyclones and shearlines were identified as the dominant weather systems causing flooding across the province. Findings from this research support the integration of localized rainfall thresholds into flood early warning systems, enabling communities and disaster management offices to anticipate flood events more effectively. The results contribute to broader disaster risk reduction and climate resilience efforts aligned with Sustainable Development Goals 11 and 13.
Ishmael Ibn Saaka
This study explores how Employee Green Behavior (EGB) affects organizational effectiveness in public sector institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using Institutional Theory and Social Exchange Theory, the research examines the interaction between institutional capacity and employee reciprocity in supporting organizational sustainability and results. Through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 34 peer-reviewed studies from 2020 to 2025, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, the study summarizes empirical and conceptual findings. The findings indicate that EGB consistently promotes organizational effectiveness, though its impact is shaped by internal structures, policies, and context. Transformational leadership and green human resource practices are key mechanisms that foster employee commitment, empowerment, and shared environmental goals. Ultimately, organizational effectiveness in this context requires coordinated alignment among green behaviors, institutional capabilities, leadership vision, and integrated policy, recognizing employees as drivers of sustainable change.
Archer R. Armada, Marichu S. Armada
This study explored employers’ feedback on their satisfaction with the job performance of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management (BSHM) graduates from batch 2020-2024 of Eastern Visayas State University. Specifically, it sought to identify the graduates’ strengths, areas for improvement, and the key competencies needed to meet the evolving demands of the hospitality and tourism industry. Anchored in Campbell’s Job Performance Theory (1990), which posits that performance is influenced by abilities, skills, motivation, and organizational context, the study provided a framework for assessing employer satisfaction based on graduates’ effectiveness in task execution. A descriptive research design was employed to capture an accurate account of the participants’ perspectives, consistent with Sandelowski’s (2009) view that descriptive research offers clear and accessible summaries of real-world experiences. Findings revealed that employers recognized BSHM graduates as capable and collaborative, with notable strengths in operational and interpersonal skills. However, they emphasized the need to strengthen competencies in leadership, financial management, technological adaptability, and innovation to better align with industry expectations. In light of this, the study recommends that the BSHM program enhance its curriculum and industry partnerships by integrating advanced training in these areas to ensure graduates are equipped with higher-order competencies for sustainable performance in the hospitality sector.
Md. Abdul Momin, Umme Kulsum
This study examines the types of support that women entrepreneurs require to overcome business challenges, particularly in Facebook commerce (e-commerce), focusing on respondents from Rangpur and Dinajpur districts in Bangladesh. Using both open- and closed-ended questions, data were collected from 300 women entrepreneurs. The findings highlight nine key supports identified by respondents: stopping online harassment (87%), government-arranged training (85%), family support (81%), recognition of hard work (78%), support from NGOs and private sectors (70%), improved network speed (67%), removal of patriarchal attitudes (60%), simplified trading license procedures (52%), and government-provided loans (47%). Reliability testing, using Cronbach’s Alpha (α = 0.739), confirmed adequate internal consistency across the nine-item scale. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were conducted, yielding a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.650 and a significant Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (p < .001), verifying the dataset’s suitability for factor analysis. PCA identified three principal components, cumulatively explaining 68.7% of the variance. These results suggest that the support needed by women entrepreneurs clusters around structural, institutional, and socio-cultural factors. Despite strengths such as a large sample size and inclusion of diverse socio-demographic groups, the study faced limitations in terms of time, funding, and geographic coverage. Some women entrepreneurs could not be reached due to logistical and relational constraints. The study recommends actions such as government and private sector training initiatives, stricter regulation against online harassment, simplification of licensing procedures, and greater family and societal support. Facebook and other digital platforms are also encouraged to take proactive steps to curb online abuse. Empowering women in e-commerce requires collaborative efforts across individual, community, and policy levels to address systemic barriers and promote digital entrepreneurship.
Ahmad Akif Zulqarnain Md Razi, Danish Iman Mohd Zairi, Hanafi Haron, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Nur Aimi Hafizah Mohd Najib
The connection between energy development and water access rights shows major problems for local communities, especially in areas that are scarce in resources. This article investigates approaches to protect the water rights of the local communities through legal frameworks while maintaining sustainable energy advancement. It examines the conflict between the growth of energy development and the equitable access to water for essential needs, such as drinking and agricultural purposes. The article suggests some ways to balance energy development and water access rights by examining effective legal frameworks and community efforts. It concludes that it is important to have a legal approach within the community to protect the vulnerable populations and, at the same time, to achieve energy security and water sustainability.
Afiq Azri Mohd Ghani, Angela Chan Nguk Fong, Az-Athirah Zubairi, Hamdan Mohd Salleh, Kirrthana Satheesh Kumar, Puteri Farahdiana Megat Suhaimi, Rahmat Helmi Hidayat, Rashidin Idris, Yuhanis Khalida A Rashid
This study examines the influence of intrinsic motivation and job training on employee performance among employees in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The main objective is to determine the extent to which these two factors contribute to employee performance and to identify which serves as the stronger predictor. A quantitative research design was adopted, involving 441 employees from various organizations in Klang Valley. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire measuring intrinsic motivation, job training, and employee performance, with all reliability coefficients exceeding 0.70, indicating strong internal consistency. Inferential analyses were employed to test the research hypotheses. The Independent Sample T-Test results revealed no significant differences between the groups in terms of motivation (p = 0.443), training (p = 0.931), and performance (p = 0.312), indicating that both groups shared similar experiences and perceptions. Further regression analysis showed that both intrinsic motivation and job training had a significant positive influence on employee performance, with job training emerging as the stronger predictor. This finding suggests that employees who receive adequate and continuous training tend to perform better and demonstrate higher engagement levels. The study contributes to the understanding of human resource development by highlighting the importance of integrating motivation and training programs to enhance employee performance. Organizations in Klang Valley are encouraged to prioritize continuous learning and motivational strategies as part of their workforce development initiatives to achieve sustainable organizational growth.
Alyssah Said, Joel T. Aclao
This study examines strategies to address leadership challenges in Philippine basic education, with particular attention to sustainability-oriented frameworks. Using Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) of official reports and scholarly literature, the paper identifies persistent issues such as weak instructional leadership, excessive managerial burdens, limited professional development, inadequate systemic support, and insufficient digital and crisis leadership capacities. Findings reveal that these deficits stem largely from inadequate training and fragile support structures within schools and educational institutions. To respond, the study highlights empowerment strategies grounded in sustainability principles, including evidence-based decision-making, collaborative and distributed leadership, digital competence, and supportive policy frameworks. International initiatives such as the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) provide valuable guidance for strengthening leadership capacity, particularly in advancing equity, resilience, and long-term educational reform by 2030.
Antonio B. Bolocon Jr., Bianca C. Latonio, Edna B. Nabua, Eduardo R. Navalta, Hanna Lyn L. Taglorin, Isnihara U. Limbona, Mudjahid M. Abdurahman, Rey Paolo G. Micutuan, Threcia C. Poblete
This study examines the impact of a soap-making training program on selected Women Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs) in Iligan City. Twenty (20) PDL women were purposely chosen to participate in the hands-on training, which was jointly organized by the Iligan City Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) and the Department of Science and Mathematics Education of the College of Education under University We Care Office. The initiative aimed to introduce practical livelihood skills that could support the participants’ reintegration into society upon release. Throughout the activity, the PDL women demonstrated strong engagement and expressed deep appreciation for the time, attention, and opportunities extended to them. Many participants shared that the training renewed their sense of hope and self-worth, noting that being included in such programs made them feel recognized as valuable individuals. Several women emphasized that the skills gained from soap-making could serve as a viable livelihood option once granted freedom, allowing them to pursue honest work instead of returning to illegal activities that previously led to their incarceration. The PDL women also conveyed eagerness for more capacity-building activities, expressing that such training can support their transition “from bars to bars of soap,” symbolizing a positive shift toward productive and dignified futures. Overall, the soap-making training not only imparted technical skills but also fostered motivation, empowerment, and renewed optimism among the PDL women. Through this initiative, they are beginning to craft clean and sustainable futures, highlighting the transformative potential of skill-based rehabilitation programs in correctional settings.
Dr. Bestman Collins Nwobi Samuel
Energy governance in the Global South is shaped by the interaction of multiple legal, social, and normative orders such as customary and informal governance systems, creating complex challenges for the pursuit of sustainable development and environmental justice (Sovacool 2016; Heffron and McCauley 2017). While contemporary energy and environmental regimes increasingly emphasise equity, participation, and sustainability, regulatory outcomes in many resources dependent economies continue to reproduce environmental harm and social inequality (Newell and Mulvaney 2013; Knox 2018). This article examines the relationship between energy law, environmental justice, and legal pluralism, arguing that formal regulatory frameworks alone are insufficient to address entrenched distributive, procedural and recognitional injustices (Schlosberg 2007; Griffiths 1986). Drawing on environmental justice theory and legal pluralism, the article conceptualises energy governance as a socially embedded legal process rather than a purely technocratic or state centred exercise (Schlosberg 2007; Griffiths 1986; Tamanaha 2008). Using a qualitative doctrinal and socio-legal methodology, it analyses international legal instruments, domestic energy and environmental legislation, judicial decisions, and policy frameworks alongside socio-legal scholarship (Sands et al. 2018; Banakar and Travers 2005). The analysis demonstrates how plural normative orders, including customary land tenure systems, community governance practices, and informal dispute resolution mechanisms, profoundly shape the interpretation, legitimacy, and implementation of energy law in practice (Merry 1988; Tamanaha 2008; Benda Beckmann and Turner 2018). Through focused illustrative examples drawn from resource dependent regions in the Global South, the article shows how failure to engage legal plurality contributes to distributive, procedural, and recognitional injustices in energy development (Ebeku 2006; Walker 2012). It concludes that recognising and constructively engaging legal pluralism is essential for designing energy governance frameworks capable of supporting equitable, legitimate, and sustainable energy transitions (Heffron and McCauley 2017; UNDP 2020).
Dr. Bestman Collins Nwobi Samuel
Energy systems are central to economic development and social wellbeing, yet in many emerging economies they continue to reproduce environmental harm, social inequality, and exclusion. While energy transition policies increasingly promote renewable technologies, insufficient attention is paid to the social justice implications of energy governance. This article examines the relationship between energy governance, environmental justice, and sustainable development in emerging economy contexts. Adopting a qualitative doctrinal and socio-legal methodology, the study analyses legal frameworks, policy instruments, and regulatory practices governing energy transitions. Drawing on energy justice and environmental justice scholarship, the article demonstrates how existing regimes often prioritise economic efficiency and technological advancement over equity, participation, and accountability. As a result, marginalised communities disproportionately experience energy poverty, environmental degradation, and exclusion from decision-making processes. Using illustrative cases from selected emerging economies, the analysis shows how this justice deficits materialise in practice under conditions of fiscal constraint, investor dependence, and uneven governance capacity.
Makosya James
This study examined English language teaching methods and their influence on primary school pupils' performance in Nangako Town Council, Bududa District, Uganda. The study was guided by the objective: to identify English language teaching methods used in local primary schools. A descriptive survey design was employed, integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study involved 255 participants, drawn from a target population of 510, comprising 48 teachers, 205 pupils, and 2 education officials. Stratified sampling was used for pupils, while purposive sampling was applied for teachers and education officials. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Findings revealed that 36% of teachers use audiovisual methods, while 20% use the direct method. The study concluded that over-reliance on the mother tongue and grammar translation impairs pupils' ability to develop proficiency in English. It recommends strategic bilingual education and strengthening teacher training in communicative and student-centered methodologies.
Halimaton Hakimi, Noorrezam Yusop, Nor Aiza Moketar, Nuridawati Mustafa, Pavithran Kanapathy, Yahya Ibrahim
Attendance monitoring is an essential component of academic management in higher education institutions; however, conventional methods such as manual sign-in sheets and biometric systems are often inefficient, error-prone, and susceptible to proxy attendance. This paper presents a Smart Attendance System that integrates QR code scanning with Global Positioning System (GPS) verification to ensure secure and accurate attendance recording. In the proposed system, lecturers generate dynamic QR codes for each class session, while students mark their attendance by scanning the code using a mobile application. Simultaneously, GPS data are captured to verify the student’s physical presence within a predefined classroom location. Attendance records are automatically stored in a centralized cloud-based database and can be accessed in real time through a web-based dashboard for monitoring and reporting purposes. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed system effectively reduces proxy attendance, improves data integrity, and minimizes administrative workload. The system offers a cost-effective, scalable, and user-friendly solution that supports smart campus initiatives and enhances attendance management in higher education environments.
Ahmad Fuad Mohamad Amin
Good communication skills are important for the overall growth of preschoolers, especially those with learning disabilities who have trouble with language, socialising, and figuring out who they are. Communication difficulties in early infancy may impede academic engagement and diminish self-esteem, thereby influencing long-term educational outcomes. This qualitative case study investigates the effectiveness of the QASEH teaching material, a structured educational tool designed to enhance communication skills, elevate self-concept, and encourage early academic achievement in preschool children experiencing learning challenges. The study involved seven preschool students enrolled in a Special Education Integration Program in Melaka, Malaysia. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with educators, parents, and support staff, as well as document analysis of pre- and post-intervention academic records over a four-month period. The results show significant improvements in both verbal and non-verbal communication, as well as higher levels of self-confidence and self-efficacy. There are also positive trends in early academic success. The findings underscore the educational importance of structured instructional resources in fostering inclusive and developmentally suitable early childhood education.
Carl Benedict F. Encarnacion, John Michael C. Llantino, Luisito G. Bernardo Jr., Minerva C. Zoleta, Renz Alwyn P. Tapales, Ulrike Areta Q. Reñido
Cyclist safety during nighttime rides remains a critical challenge due to low visibility and limited signaling capabilities. This study presents the development of a smart reflective safety bag designed to enhance cyclist visibility and communication through sensor-driven automation. The system integrates a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) for ambient light detection, an MPU6050 accelerometer for braking recognition, and dual signal controls operated via mechanical switches or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). An ESP32 Development Module processes sensor inputs and user commands, while the ESP32 C3 Super Mini manages output signals through LED strips and 12V car-grade indicators using the ESP-NOW protocol for reliable wireless communication. Functional testing demonstrated accurate real-time response to low-light conditions, braking events, and directional commands, ensuring adaptive illumination and clear signaling. The smart safety bag combines wearable ergonomics, embedded system integration, and automated feedback, providing a robust, reliable, and user-friendly solution to improve cyclist safety and situational awareness.
Ahmad Azfar Abdul Hamid, Mohd Amirul Atan, Nor Afifa Nordin, Nur Aqilah Norwahi, Nuramirah Zaini, Nurshaza Farah Md Sharif, Sheik Badrul Hisham Jamil Azhar
English speaking proficiency is increasingly important for Malaysian secondary school students preparing for higher education and future employment, yet many face barriers such as limited vocabulary, weak grammatical control, and communication anxiety. This study examined the effectiveness of a community-engaged English-Speaking and Communication Program conducted through a collaboration between a local university and a secondary school in Melaka. The program, facilitated by university lecturers, emphasized interactive activities, including role-plays, debates, group discussions, and storytelling, to create supportive opportunities for communication. Using a quantitative pre–post survey design, 82 Form 4 students (aged 16) completed structured questionnaires measuring readiness, communication anxiety, speaking practices, and program evaluation. Reliability analysis showed acceptable to high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .73–.88). Findings revealed significant improvements across key domains: readiness and confidence increased (Δ = +0.64, Cohen’s d = 0.65), communication anxiety decreased (Δ = 0.61, Cohen’s d = 0.61), and speaking practices improved (Δ = +0.47, Cohen’s d = 0.50). Students also expressed strong approval of the program, highlighting the value of interactive tasks and the supportive learning environment. These results suggest that short-term community-based interventions can reduce affective barriers and encourage willingness to communicate in English. Despite limitations such as the absence of a control group, a small sample size, and reliance on self-reported data, the study underscores the potential of university–school partnerships to complement classroom instruction. Such initiatives align with national education priorities and demonstrate how community engagement can strengthen students’ confidence and communicative competence in academic and real-world contexts.
Aida Hanim Binti A. Hamid, Huang Xiaofang
In the context of global educational reform, effective human resource management (HRM) has become essential for enhancing educational quality. Yet, institutions worldwide face persistent challenges in three critical areas: teacher recruitment, professional development, and leadership succession. This study investigates primary and secondary schools, universities, and vocational institutions across three representative Chinese regions, including the eastern coastal area (Zhejiang), the central region (Hunan), and the western frontier (Guizhou). Employing a rigorous mixed-methods approach, it combines quantitative questionnaires (300 teachers, 80 HR staff, 40 leaders), semi-structured interviews (25 participants), and case studies of six diverse institutions. By triangulating teacher needs, institutional practices, and regional policy constraints, the research systematically examines HRM challenges within China’s specific educational context, including the “Double Reduction” policy and vocational education reform. Unlike general HRM studies, it highlights China-specific issues, such as urban-rural talent disparities and the tension between traditional teaching practices and modern educational technology. The findings inform targeted strategies, enriching HRM theory with Chinese characteristics and providing practical guidance to improve institutional efficiency and educational quality.
Aida Hanim Binti A. Hamid, Huang Xiaofang
In the context of global educational reform, effective human resource management (HRM) has become essential for enhancing educational quality. Yet, institutions worldwide face persistent challenges in three critical areas: teacher recruitment, professional development, and leadership succession. This study investigates primary and secondary schools, universities, and vocational institutions across three representative Chinese regions, including the eastern coastal area (Zhejiang), the central region (Hunan), and the western frontier (Guizhou). Employing a rigorous mixed-methods approach, it combines quantitative questionnaires (300 teachers, 80 HR staff, 40 leaders), semi-structured interviews (25 participants), and case studies of six diverse institutions. By triangulating teacher needs, institutional practices, and regional policy constraints, the research systematically examines HRM challenges within China’s specific educational context, including the “Double Reduction” policy and vocational education reform. Unlike general HRM studies, it highlights China-specific issues, such as urban-rural talent disparities and the tension between traditional teaching practices and modern educational technology. The findings inform targeted strategies, enriching HRM theory with Chinese characteristics and providing practical guidance to improve institutional efficiency and educational quality.
Nur Syafiqah Yaccob, Preyangka Karunakaran
Primary school learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) often face challenges in developing writing proficiency due to limited linguistic resources and insufficient opportunities for feedback. Although artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted writing tools have gained attention for their potential to support language learning, empirical research on their use among young ESL learners remains limited. This study investigates the effectiveness of enhancing primary ESL writing through artificial intelligence, specifically through the integration of QuillBot as an AI-assisted writing tool, in a Malaysian primary classroom. Using a mixed-methods design, the study involved 30 Year 5 pupils who participated in a six-week AI-supported writing intervention. Quantitative data were collected through CEFR-aligned pre- and post-writing assessments measuring grammar accuracy, vocabulary use, and writing fluency, alongside a structured questionnaire examining pupils’ perceptions. Qualitative data were obtained from semi-structured interviews with experienced ESL educators to gain instructional insights and professional perspectives on AI integration. Findings indicate meaningful improvements across all assessed writing components, demonstrating the positive impact of AI-assisted support on pupils’ writing performance. Pupils also reported increased confidence and motivation towards writing. Educators highlighted QuillBot’s value in providing timely formative feedback and promoting learner autonomy.
Halimaton Hakimi, Kurk Wei Yi, Noorrezam Yusop, Nor Aiza Moketar, Nuridawati Mustafa, Nurul Syahira Azmi, Yahya Ibrahim
Road safety education plays a crucial role in reducing traffic accidents, particularly among novice drivers who often struggle to recognize and recall traffic signs in real-world situations. Conventional learning methods such as manuals and classroom instruction lack interactivity and contextual visualization. To address this limitation, this study proposes an AI-powered mobile application for traffic sign recognition using a TensorFlow Lite model. The system enables real-time detection of Malaysian traffic signs through a smartphone camera or image selection, providing instant sign identification and explanatory information. In addition to detection, the application incorporates learning mode, scan history tracking, and quiz-based assessments to enhance user engagement and knowledge retention. The system was developed using Flutter for the mobile interface, a PHP-based backend, and a MySQL database for content management. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed system achieves accurate traffic sign recognition while offering significant educational value through its interactive features. The findings indicate that integrating lightweight AI models with mobile learning applications can effectively support traffic sign education and promote road safety awareness.
Aprilia Ekarianti, Mutmainnah, Novia Rahmadina, Praja Hadi Saputra, Rodah
This literature study discusses the challenges and opportunities for applying artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve the performance and productivity of tax consultants, particularly in terms of work efficiency, analysis accuracy, and professional productivity management. This study aims to comprehensively examine the role and contribution of AI to the performance and productivity of tax consultants through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis. Research data was obtained from articles indexed in the Scopus, SINTA, and Google Scholar databases with a publication range of 2021–2025. Of the total 107 articles identified, 42 articles were selected for further analysis based on the inclusion criteria. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer to map research patterns through co-authorship, co-occurrence, and citation analysis. The study's results show that AI plays a significant role in improving work efficiency, reducing the risk of analytical errors, and supporting data-driven decision-making in tax consulting practice. However, the success of AI adoption is greatly influenced by tax consultants' digital literacy. Consultants with good digital literacy are better able to understand, integrate, and make optimal use of AI in professional work processes. Thus, digital literacy is a key factor that enhances AI's contribution to improving the performance and productivity of tax consultants. This study is expected to serve as a relevant bibliographic reference for future research in taxation, technology, and professional services.
Fadhlur Rahim Azmi, Haslinda Musa, Nur Zafirah A Khadar
This study explores the influence of social media information, knowledge and attitude on tourist awareness and preference for eBECA an electric trishaw-based mobility intervention created to enhance sustainable urban tourism in Melaka. The study adopts a quantitative methodology for this purpose, survey data were collected from 212 participants who are familiar with smart tourism systems. Results of the statistical test namely correlation and regression show that the information, knowledge and attitude towards social media jointly account for 86.4% of variation in tourist preference. The results imply that tourists’ knowledge and preferences are heavily affected by their exposure to digital information and positive environmental attitudes. Additionally, digital literacy and promotion of sustainable mobility websites like eBECA increase tourists’ intension in adopting green transportation modes. It adds to the literature on smart tourism by showing that digital literacy and technology-based strategies can encourage environmentally friendly travel behavior. Suggestions are made to clawback soft power by linking up social media engagement, education on sustainability and inclusive digital design in aid of more robust tourist judgements, and sustainable tourism development in heritage cities.
Hamimah Hashim, Nurin Balqis Husain
Students’ positive perceptions of sentence-based mathematics problem solving have been shown to support better performance and overall achievement in Mathematics. However, many students continue to struggle with sentence-based problem solving, a persistent issue in the Malaysian context where limited problem-solving skills remain a major concern. Mathematics teachers also face considerable difficulties in teaching sentence-based problems, particularly in helping students to comprehend problem contexts and apply mathematical concepts to real-life situations. Therefore, this study aims to identify the challenges encountered by Mathematics teachers when teaching sentence-based problem solving and to explore the teaching strategies they employ to support students’ learning. This study adopted a mixed-methods approach and was conducted in a secondary school in Subang Jaya, Selangor. The findings are presented across three dimensions: students’ perceptions, teachers’ challenges, and the teaching strategies used in sentence-based Mathematics problem solving. A total of 175 upper secondary students (Forms 4 and 5) were selected through stratified sampling to examine students’ perceptions. Ten Mathematics teachers from the same school participated in the investigation of teaching challenges, while four teachers were interviewed to obtain qualitative insights into instructional strategies. The results indicate that upper secondary students generally hold poor perceptions of sentence-based Mathematics problem solving. The study further reveals that the primary challenges faced by teachers stem from student-related factors, particularly students’ weak mathematical foundations and limited mastery of essential mathematical skills. Several effective strategies were identified, including the use of Polya’s problem-solving steps, problem-based learning in groups, questioning techniques, contextual learning, and structured group discussions. These findings provide valuable insights into students’ perceptions and teachers’ challenges, enabling Mathematics educators to adopt more effective instructional approaches. Nevertheless, further research involving larger samples and diverse school settings is recommended to deepen understanding and refine strategies for teaching sentence-based Mathematics problem solving.
Fadélé David KITON, Parfait C. Alexis AHOHOUNDO, Virgile Narcisse Sènan AYIMADE, Yémalo ZANNOU
Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Benin, with transmission strongly influenced by local environmental and climatic conditions. Identifying areas at high risk is essential for guiding targeted interventions. This study aimed to model environmental determinants of malaria risk in the local government areas of Sakété and Ifangni in southeastern Benin. Climatic data (temperature and relative humidity) and remote sensing-derived environmental indices, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Normalized Difference Pond Index (NDPI), were analyzed to assess their association with malaria morbidity. A linear mixed-effects model was used to quantify the contributions of these variables to spatial variations in malaria prevalence. Risk maps were generated by integrating climatic and environmental predictors. Malaria morbidity exhibited a heterogeneous spatial distribution, with higher incidence observed in areas combining favorable climatic conditions and suitable environmental habitats for Anopheles mosquitoes. Temperature and relative humidity were identified as primary climatic determinants, influencing vector survival and parasite development. NDVI and NDPI were positively associated with malaria risk, indicating the importance of vegetation cover and aquatic habitats as breeding sites, while NDWI highlighted the role of soil surface moisture in sustaining larval habitats. The resulting risk map effectively delineated high-risk zones, providing a spatially explicit tool for targeted malaria control. Environmental modelling combining climatic and remote sensing variables provides valuable insights into spatial patterns of malaria risk. The generated maps can support evidence-based targeting of vector control and public health interventions in southeastern Benin.
Benyahia Samir, Deradj Salah Eddine
Background: Foreign bodies (FBs) of the ear, nose, and upper digestive tract represent a frequent cause of consultation in otorhinolaryngology, particularly in pediatric populations. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of ENT foreign bodies and to analyze their distribution according to age, sex, and anatomical location. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted over a two-year period (December 2023–December 2025) at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Sétif. All patients managed for intra-auricular, intra-nasal, or esophageal foreign bodies were included. Intrabronchial foreign bodies were excluded, as their management is performed outside the ENT department in our institution. Results: 110 patients were included, with a male predominance (56.4%). Children under 10 years represented 78.3% of cases. Esophageal foreign bodies were the most frequent (75.5%), followed by nasal foreign bodies (14.5%) and auricular foreign bodies (10%). Coins were the most common esophageal foreign bodies (81.9%). Button batteries were rare (3.6%) but potentially severe. Conclusion: Foreign bodies in ENT practice predominantly affect children. Esophageal foreign bodies constitute true medico-surgical emergencies requiring early diagnosis and specialized management.
Issahaku Mohammed Mustapha, Mahmoud Inusah Bancy, Mohammed Awal Issah Alhassan
Islam came to organize people’s lives in a way that ensures security and peaceful coexistence among all people in general, and among family members and relatives in particular. For this reason, Islamic laws were revealed to establish justice and security for everyone. Among the most just legislations known to humanity are the laws of inheritance in Islam, which ensure fairness, security, and the prevention of disputes. However, this great legislation—known as the science of inheritance—has been marred by certain errors that negatively affect the implementation of the inheritance system as intended by Islamic law in the Tamale community (Northern Ghana). Therefore, this study has been conducted to identify and examine these errors and thereafter propose suitable solutions to address them. And Allah is the Guide to success.
Camilla Jane D. Soliman
This study investigated the ethical concerns on digital innovation of the Philippine Carabao Center and anchored on the Ethical Framework for Public Sector Innovation (OECD, 2019), it examined how technology-driven service delivery aligns with the ethical principles of fairness, accountability, and inclusivity. By using a descriptive quantitative research design, data were collected from 118 farmer-members representing five farmers’ cooperatives and associations. Findings revealed that respondents perceived PCC’s digital initiatives, particularly the iREB Dashboard as highly accessible, transparent, and accountable. Ethical considerations such as data privacy, digital equity, and informed consent were generally upheld, reflecting that PCC adheres to responsible data management and promotes inclusivity among its users. However, issues related to connectivity and varying digital literacy levels among marginalized groups remain barriers to full participation in digital governance. This study concludes that while digital transformation enhances efficiency and transparency in public administration, equitable access and ethical safeguards are vital to achieving sustainable and inclusive governance. Recommendations were proposed to strengthen ethical policies, expanding capacity-building programs, and digital literacy programs to bridge the remaining gaps in accessibility and participation among farmers’ cooperatives and associations.
Muaz Azinuddin, Rahman Abdullah
This conceptual paper examines how ethnocentrism shapes tourists' behavioural intentions by integrating the Theory of Planned Behaviour into the context of food tourism. As global interest in food tourism continues to expand, understanding the psychological aspect of ethnocentrism and how it influences tourist decision-making has become increasingly important. Ethnocentrism extends beyond the tourist perspective to encompass the values held or nurtured by Marketing Destination organisations (DMOs). To explore these dynamics, this study adopts a conceptual research design grounded in a structured synthesis of peer-reviewed literature on ethnocentrism, food tourism, and the Theory of Planned Behaviour in tourism studies. Through this theory-driven analytical approach, the paper develops a conceptual framework that illustrates and proposes how ethnocentrism influences attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, serving as an antecedent that eventually shapes local food purchase intention among tourists. The findings highlight that ethnocentrism, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control function as a whole, rather than in isolation, in influencing tourist food purchase intention. Theoretically, this paper extends the Theory of Planned Behaviour framework into a new domain. In practice, it underscores the need for tourism providers and policymakers to create specific, niche marketing and environments to attract ethnocentric tourists and tourists in general, gain leverage, and remain competitive in the tourism industry.
Edna B. Nabua, Julyza A. Sayre
Contemporary reforms in science education emphasize the assessment of learners’ ability to apply knowledge and reason within authentic, real-world contexts. Despite this shift, assessment practices in secondary chemistry classrooms often remain decontextualized and focused on recall. Addressing this gap, the present study examined the performance of Grade 11 learners in secondary chemistry using a contextualized, stimulus-based assessment. Specifically, the study described learners’ overall achievement, analyzed mastery across chemistry competencies, and examined performance patterns across different stimulus types and levels of cognitive demand. A descriptive research design was employed involving 72 Grade 11 learners from a secondary school in Iligan City, Philippines. Data were gathered using a researcher-developed, validated stimulus-based chemistry assessment consisting of 47 multiple-choice items anchored in experimental, technology-related, environmental or societal, and everyday-life contexts. Learners performance was analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as the Friedman test to examine the differences across stimulus types and cognitive domains. Results indicated that a majority of learners did not meet expected performance levels when assessed through contextualized tasks. Mastery across chemistry competencies was generally at an average level, with relatively higher performance observed in Chemical Kinetics and Chemistry in Everyday Life and Environment, and lower mastery in more abstract competencies such as Chemical Bonding and Atomic Structure. Performance also varied across stimulus types, with higher performances in experiment-based and environmental contexts and lower scores in technology-related and everyday-life stimuli. Across cognitive domains, learners demonstrated average performance, with comparatively higher outcomes in Applying and Creating than in Understanding and Analyzing. These findings suggest that learner performance in stimulus-based chemistry assessments is associated with both contextual characteristics and cognitive demand. The study provides classroom-based evidence that contextualized assessment can reveal important patterns in learners’ chemistry understanding and highlights the need for closer instructional and assessment alignment to support conceptual understanding and knowledge transfer in secondary chemistry.
Haslina Abdullah, Nooraida Ayub, Yap Pek Jiuan
The rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education has transformed teaching, learning, and assessment practices, while intensifying concerns about academic integrity. Although many universities have introduced institutional AI ethics policies to promote responsible AI use, there remains limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of these policies in shaping students’ academic integrity behaviours. Existing studies predominantly focus on students’ ethical awareness and perceptions within single institutions and cross-sectional contexts, offering insufficient insight into the long-term behavioural impact of institutional governance mechanisms. This paper develops a conceptual framework for evaluating the effectiveness of institutional AI ethics policies in promoting academic integrity in higher education. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Institutional Governance Theory, AI ethics policies are conceptualized as a multidimensional construct comprising policy clarity, AI ethics training, and enforcement mechanisms. Methodologically, the paper adopts a conceptual and analytical approach, integrating established theoretical perspectives with illustrative examples from Malaysian public and private universities, situated within national quality assurance expectations articulated by the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA, 2023) and UNESCO (2023). The proposed framework identifies how policy clarity and training enhance students’ ethical awareness and normative beliefs, while enforcement mechanisms strengthen perceived behavioural control and accountability. Collectively, these dimensions mediate the relationship between institutional AI ethics policies and academic integrity outcomes, including ethical AI use and reduced AI-related misconduct. Illustrative cases demonstrate that institutions implementing coordinated and consistently enforced policy components are better positioned to influence student behaviour meaningfully. By examining this gap, the framework aims to support higher education institutions in enhancing ethical AI use.
Norah Md Noor, Yeqing Fan
This study evaluates the impact of cross-institutional Collaborative HyFlex Training (CHT) on university teachers’ instructional effectiveness through student course experience. The Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) was administered to 755 students taught by three teacher groups (CHT group, n=263; Control A, n=244; Control B, n=248), with confirmatory factor analysis confirming scale validity. Due to violations of parametric test assumptions, Kruskal-Wallis H tests and Dunn’s post-hoc tests with Bonferroni correction were employed. Results demonstrate that the CHT group significantly outperformed both control groups across all CEQ dimensions (p<0.001), with medium to large effect sizes (δ=0.28-0.69). The most substantial improvements relative to Control B were observed in Good Teaching (GTS, δ=0.69), Generic Skills (GSS, δ=0.58), and Empowering Learners (ELS, δ=0.61). Notably, the CHT group significantly exceeded the high-performing Control A group (GTS: δ=0.48; Total CEQ: δ=0.44), confirming the model’s incremental value for teachers with diverse baseline competencies. The research reveals CHT’s dual-effect mechanism: “promoting equity” by elevating underperforming instructors while “enhancing excellence” among accomplished educators, providing empirical evidence for reconstructing faculty development systems during higher education’s digital transformation.
Napoleon P. Mangente Jr
Resort tourism is an important economic generator, supporting local enterprises, cultural exchange, and nature conservation. Nevertheless, environmental disturbances, like flooding, present considerable challenges. This research explores the effect of a flooded spillway on resort tourism in Barangay Pararao, Balatan, measuring tourist behavior, economic effects, and possible adaptive measures. The study uses a mixed-methods research design, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews and focus group discussions among resort operators, local government representatives, and community members. Impacts of flooding were shown to have severe effects on accessibility, business operations, and economic losses through cancellations in bookings and supply chain disruptions. The research also identifies infrastructure failures, such as the breached Luluasan Spillway, as a significant contributing factor to these disruptions. While statistical evidence does not create a direct link between severity of the flood and economic impact, qualitative evidence show substantial operational and livelihood issues. Stakeholders report challenges of emergency response, increased safety issues, and prolonged confinement, increasing economic losses. One of the key gaps is the absence of long-term flood-prone tourist areas' resilience planning. This research fills this gap by suggesting specific interventions, such as the upgrading of flood control systems, the development of alternative routes, real-time water monitoring, and enhancing disaster preparedness programs. Proactive urban planning and community participation are also critical to sustainable tourism despite climate risks.
Fatin Umaira Muhamad Azian, Muhammad Yusuf Idris, Siti Radiation Adawiyah Zakaria, Suraiya Ishak, Zurinah Tahir
This study examines how six key components of a conducive ecosystem influence the productivity of oil palm smallholders in Bakong and Marudi, Sarawak. The components analysed comprise safety, family labour, effective leadership, technology, environmental conditions, and collaborative networks. Although agricultural productivity has been widely studied, empirical evidence that systematically investigates the combined effects of these interconnected ecosystem elements on smallholder performance remains limited, particularly within the Malaysian palm oil sector. To address this research gap, the study provides a context-specific assessment of ecosystem-based productivity drivers in one of Sarawak’s major oil palm–producing regions. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was adopted, involving 345 randomly selected smallholders drawn from the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Miri Branch database. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and analysed through descriptive statistics and multiple regression techniques. The results indicate that all six ecosystem components exert a positive effect on smallholder productivity, with safety emerging as the most influential factor (30.55%). However, only safety, family labour, and effective leadership were found to be statistically significant predictors. These findings align with economic production theory and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, underscoring the role of both material resources and motivational factors in enhancing agricultural output. By integrating tangible and intangible ecosystem elements within a single analytical framework, this study offers novel insights and recommends that smallholder development initiatives adopt an ecosystem-based strategy that prioritises farm security, community empowerment, and appropriate technology utilisation. The outcomes hold important implications for policy development and the promotion of sustainable practices in the palm oil industry.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azidah Abu Ziden, Dr. Gowri Selvam, Krishnamoorthy Kumarasamy, Mahalecumy NarayananSamy, Sharuvindan Nair Rajendran
This study investigates the usability of the 3Fs Flipped Model (Flipped, Formative, and Feedback) in promoting student engagement at INTI International College Penang. Grounded in digital pedagogy and instructional design, the model integrates pre-class content delivery, ongoing formative assessment, and timely feedback to support active, student-centered learning. The novelty of this study lies in its structured integration of the 3Fs model with digital tools such as asynchronous video lectures, interactive Google Forms, Padlet discussions, and real-time quizzes using Quizizz and Mentimeter across each phase of learning to enhance engagement and self-directed learning. A quantitative approach was employed, involving 151 students from four academic programmes: General Studies, Information Technology, Business Studies, and Physics. Data were collected using Google Forms to explore students’ experiences and perceptions of the model. The study specifically examined engagement levels before and during class sessions. Results indicated strong positive associations between structured formative activities and students’ reported preparedness for class. In-class engagement also improved, with timely feedback contributing significantly to motivation and self-reflection. Overall, students reported positive engagement experiences across disciplines when formative assessment and feedback were systematically integrated. The findings are limited to the current context but suggest possible relevance to similar higher education settings and further studies employing experimental or longitudinal methods are recommended.
Abu Ziden Assoc.Prof.Dr.Azidah, Kumarasamy Krishnamoorthy, NarayananSamy Mahalecumy, Rajendran Sharuvindan Nair, Selvam Dr. Gowri
This study investigates the usability of the 3Fs Flipped Model (Flipped, Formative, and Feedback) in promoting student engagement at INTI International College Penang. Grounded in digital pedagogy and instructional design, the model integrates pre-class content delivery, ongoing formative assessment, and timely feedback to support active, student-centered learning. The novelty of this study lies in its structured integration of the 3Fs model with digital tools such as asynchronous video lectures, interactive Google Forms, Padlet discussions, and real-time quizzes using Quizizz and Mentimeter across each phase of learning to enhance engagement and self-directed learning. A quantitative approach was employed, involving 151 students from four academic programmes: General Studies, Information Technology, Business Studies, and Physics. Data were collected using Google Forms to explore students’ experiences and perceptions of the model. The study specifically examined engagement levels before and during class sessions. Results indicated strong positive associations between structured formative activities and students’ reported preparedness for class. In-class engagement also improved, with timely feedback contributing significantly to motivation and self-reflection. Overall, students reported positive engagement experiences across disciplines when formative assessment and feedback were systematically integrated. The findings are limited to the current context but suggest possible relevance to similar higher education settings and further studies employing experimental or longitudinal methods are recommended.
Azahar Harun, Mohd Zaki Mohd Fadil, Tengku Shahril Norzaimi Tengku Hariffadzillah
Generative AI models are becoming widely accessible, enabling users across diverse backgrounds to create unprecedented artwork. However, this accessibility raises questions regarding the accuracy with which these models portray real-world subjects. Therefore, this paper examines three prominent generative AI models—Midjourney, DALL-E, and Stable Diffusion—to evaluate their efficacy in generating images of specific Malaysian-themed icons. Utilizing simple text prompts, the research phase was rigorously recorded and evaluated by an expert panel based on the Visual Appeal Rating Scale (VARS), encompassing eight criteria: Reliability, Consistency, Credibility, Professionalism, Aesthetics, Artistry, Harmony, and Balance. The results of the study indicate notable differences in model performance depending upon subject complexity. Midjourney emerged as the preeminent leader (Overall Mean: 3.25), exhibiting remarkable skill in culinary portrayal, attaining "Near Perfect" expert agreement on the aesthetics of the Nasi Lemak images. Stable Diffusion achieved a close second place (Overall Mean: 3.23), demonstrating proficiency in managing intricate structural geometry (Landmarks) and portraiture; yet, its elevated scores frequently coincided with "Slight" agreement, signifying considerable subjectivity in its technical performance. DALL-E was positioned third as a generalist model, yielding balanced albeit frequently contentious outcomes among specialists. A significant "Cultural Accuracy Gap" was identified across all models, wherein the representation of particular cultural icons (Politician) and intricate architecture (Landmark) was considerably more difficult than that of broad subjects (Food). DALL-E demonstrated significant inability in depicting the Malaysian politician, due to ethical concern. The study indicates that the existing generative AI models are specialized rather than universal; achieving high visual fidelity necessitates the deliberate selection of the model most appropriate for the specific aesthetic or structural requirements of the assignment.
Adedoyin, Oluseye Omoniyi, Ajibade, Ayodeji, Temitope
This paper examined the evolution of inventory control models from traditional models which were largely mathematically based to contemporary digital models. Theoretically founded on the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, the review comprehensively synthesised recent scholarly works of literature to identify patterns and trends as well as analysing the future trajectory of inventory control models. Findings revealed that evolution from deterministic models such as Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and (s,S) policies, to a more integrated approach of Material Requirements Planning (MRP), Just-in-Time (JIT) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and the contemporary era of digital technologies which includes the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and blockchain technology, have transformed inventory management into a strategic and data-driven function with real-time visibility and more predictive analytics, and seamless supply chain integration. In addition, adoption of these new technologies was accompanied by long-term benefits including agility, cost optimization in the long run, and customer responsiveness. This review concludes that embracing digital inventory models is imperative for sustainable competitiveness in increasingly complex global supply chains.
Adika, Lawrence Olagoke Ph.D
Children differ from one another in various spheres such as: physically, intellectually, behaviourally, and health wise; this deviations is referred to exceptionality. When children have challenges in more than one area of exceptionality, such an individual is tagged being twice exceptional. This paper examines the socio-emotional needs of gifted children with learning disabilities (twice-exceptional or 2e students), highlighting the definitions of concepts, complexities of their asynchronous development. Gifted with learning challenges, these students often experience heightened anxiety, frustration, and low self-esteem due to contrasting abilities. Key socio-emotional needs include coping with perfectionism, managing peer relations, and reconciling strengths with struggles. Implications for counseling emphasize strength-based, individualized support, fostering self-advocacy, and addressing emotional complexities. Implications for counseling emphasize strength-based, individualized support, fostering self-advocacy, and addressing emotional complexities. Recommendations include tailored interventions, collaboration between educators and counselors, and promoting resilience to optimize these students' potential. It was recommended that collaborations should be encouraged among school stakeholders because best results are achieved where there is collaboration between the counsellor, classroom teacher, gifted educator, special educator, parents, and the student in order to meet these needs adequately.
Linus Kirimi Ngaine
This study examined the effectiveness of pedagogical approaches used in implementing the Applied Sciences curriculum in public junior secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. Guided by systems theory, the study focused on learner-centered pedagogical approaches, instructional resource adequacy, teachers’ classroom practices, and challenges influencing implementation. A descriptive research design was adopted, involving 288 respondents: 24 headteachers, 72 teachers, and 216 students selected from schools offering Agriculture, Home Science, and Computer Science. Data were collected through questionnaires and headteacher interview schedules. Instrument validity was ensured through expert review, and reliability analysis yielded Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of .82 for teachers and .79 for students. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Findings indicated that learner-centered pedagogical approaches were applied at a moderate level, with mean scores for hands-on activities (M = 3.12), demonstrations (M = 3.08), and problem-solving tasks (M = 3.05). However, project-based learning (M = 2.46) and inquiry-based learning (M = 2.39) were less consistently implemented. Instructional resource adequacy showed wide disparities across schools. Only 41% of schools had functional Home Science rooms, 38% had reliable computer laboratories, and 33% maintained active Agriculture demonstration plots. Classroom practices demonstrated partial compliance with CBE expectations, with overall practice scores averaging M = 2.87, indicating moderate alignment with curriculum requirements. Major challenges included inadequate resources (reported by 78% of teachers), limited CBE training (64%), large class sizes (57%), and inconsistent supervision (49%). The study concludes that applied sciences pedagogy is significantly influenced by resource sufficiency, teacher preparedness, and institutional support. It recommends enhanced capacity-building, equitable resource allocation, and strengthened instructional supervision to improve implementation fidelity.
Alif Ziyad Mohd Zamri, Atirah Sufian, Hartini Azman, Lim Shu En
Despite the rapid growth of e-commerce, online purchase intention remains inconsistent, as many consumers continue to hesitate due to concerns related to system usefulness, ease of use, trust, and individual shopping preferences. Understanding these factors is crucial for online retailers seeking to enhance consumer engagement and purchase behaviour. Accordingly, this study examines the factors influencing online purchase intention, focusing on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, shopping orientation, and online trust. The objective of this research is to investigate how these variables affect consumers’ decisions to make purchases through online platforms in Malaysia. A quantitative research approach was adopted, involving 200 respondents. Pearson correlation analysis, reliability testing, and multiple regression analysis were employed to examine the relationships between the independent variables and online purchase intention, as well as to determine the relative influence of each factor. The findings reveal that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, shopping orientation, and online trust all have significant and positive relationships with online purchase intention. Among these factors, perceived usefulness emerged as the most influential predictor, indicating that consumers are primarily motivated by the functional benefits and value provided by online shopping platforms rather than by ease of use alone. This study supports the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and extends it by incorporating shopping orientation and online trust as key determinants of online purchase intention within the Malaysian context. From a managerial perspective, the findings suggest that online businesses should prioritise enhancing platform usefulness, strengthening trust-building mechanisms, and tailoring platform features to different shopping orientations in order to increase consumers’ intention to purchase online. Future research may explore these relationships across different cultural or economic contexts to improve the generalisability of the findings.
Angeline Makore
Young female commercial sex workers in Epworth, Zimbabwe, experience significant mental health challenges linked to sexual violence. This study used a quantitative design with a sample of 10 participants drawn from a population of 300, employing the Burns Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to assess emotional effects. Results revealed that 70% of respondents exhibited symptoms consistent with major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and panic disorder. Physical and psychological symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, palpitations, and nervousness were common, underscoring the high emotional burden this population carries. The study recommends a holistic response involving human rights enforcement, accessible mental health services, community education, engagement with local leadership to address stigma, and establishment of support and rehabilitation programs. Digital platforms linking female commercial sex workers to emergency and psychological services are also proposed to improve timely help-seeking and protection.
Audu Godwin, Olanrewaju, Bulejo Olajide
The study examined the nexus among formative, summative and students’ self-assessment in secondary schools in Ekiti State. Specifically, the study assessed formative assessment in secondary schools, examined summative assessment in secondary schools and assessed students’ self-assessment in secondary schools. This study was conducted using descriptive research of the survey type to gather information from a representative sample of the population under study. No manipulation of the variables was involved. The population for this study comprised of 24,983 students in Secondary schools in Ekiti State, as obtained from the department of planning and statistics, Ministry of Education Science and Technology, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State as at December, 2025. A total of 200 students were selected as sample for the study, using multistage sampling procedure. The instrument used in collecting data for this study were a self-constructed and validated questionnaire titled “Teachers’ and Students’ Self-Assessment Questionnaire” (TSSTAQ)”, which consists of two sections. Section A presented socio demographic data such as students’ age, gender and class, section B 15 items to assess their knowledge on formative, summative and self-assessment techniques. Both face and content validity of the instrument were ensured by experts in experts in Tests and Measurement in the Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti. Cronbach alpha reliability method was used in ensuring the reliability of the instrument and a reliability coefficient of 0.72 was obtained. Copies of the instrument were administered on the sampled students by the researcher with the help of two trained research assistants. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The research question raised was answered using mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage while hypothesis formulated was tested, using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 level of significance.
Dr. Tobias Olweny, George Mawili Makusa, Prof. Willy Muturi
This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between exchange rate movements and long-term sovereign treasury bond yield curve dynamics in Kenya, with particular emphasis on the moderating role of monetary policy. Using quarterly data and a Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework, the study examines both direct and indirect transmission channels through which exchange rate shocks influence government bond yields. Unit root tests confirm that all variables are stationary in levels, justifying estimation of a VAR (1) model. Empirical results indicate that exchange rate shocks do not exert a strong immediate effect on bond yields; instead, their influence is transmitted indirectly through monetary policy responses, as reflected in adjustments to the Central Bank Rate (CBR). Impulse response analysis shows that exchange rate depreciation induces a tightening monetary policy stance, which subsequently affects yield curve movements. The findings underscore the importance of exchange rate stability and credible monetary policy coordination in managing sovereign borrowing costs in emerging market economies.
Abdullahi Adekunle TIJANI, Abdulqudus Olansile IBRAHIM, Ifelanwa Oluwaseun AKINRIMISI, Inioluwa Jeremiah FANIRAN
Chronic illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, heart diseases, etc. remain major causes of hospitalisation and often place significant strain on both patients and their families. In many cases, this strain is not only medical but also social, financial, and emotional. This study examined the experiences of medical social workers (MSWs) with family dynamics during the hospitalisation of patients with chronic health conditions at University College Hospital, Ibadan. The study was guided by five research questions. A qualitative approach was adopted, using 13 experienced medical social workers. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed. Data were collected using a structured interview guide consisting of 16 open-ended questions. The instrument was designed based on a thorough review of the literature and validated through expert review. Interviews were conducted with participants in a private environment within the hospital premises, which lasted between 26 and 35 minutes and responses were audio-recorded with the consent of the participants. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data, using ATLAS.TI software. Ethical considerations, including approval, informed consent, confidentiality and anonymity of participants were carefully observed.
Aniza Arifin, Muaz Azinuddin, Wan Mohd Adzim Wan Mohd Zain
Food tourism plays a vital role in enhancing destination appeal, preserving cultural heritage, and supporting regional economic growth. Small and medium enterprises (SMFTEs) are central to this sector but often face resource limitations that heighten the importance of strong internal capabilities. This study investigates how exploitation learning—defined as the refinement of existing routines and efficiency-focused practices—improves the performance of Small and Medium Food Tourism Enterprises (SMFTEs) in Kuala Terengganu. Grounded in the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capability Theory, exploitation learning is positioned as a capability that strengthens service consistency and operational reliability. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with data from 150 SMFTEs, the study finds that exploitation learning significantly enhances SMFTES performance. Routine optimisation, efficient workflows, and improved service delivery contribute to higher customer satisfaction and stronger competitiveness. The study underscores the need for targeted policy support and capability-building initiatives to bolster SMFTES resilience and promote sustainable growth in Malaysia’s food tourism sector.
Nelysa Nurshafira Mohd Roslan, Nur Hidanah Afiqah Muhamad Rizal
This study explores the cultural representation and appropriation in the animated film Raya and the Last Dragon (2021), which Walt Disney Animation Studios produced. The film has received praise for its visual richness and criticism for its potential cultural generalisation and appropriation when it draws inspiration from various Southeast Asian cultures. Ultimately, it falls short of delivering an authentic depiction, resulting in criticisms of cultural appropriation and a lack of thoroughness. This research aims to examine how Southeast Asian cultural elements are constructed and whether their portrayal reflects cultural appreciation or appropriation. Therefore, using a qualitative method supported by visual semiotic methods and guided by Stuart Hall's Representation Theory (1997), the study focuses on three key aspects, which are cultural identity, visual representation (including setting, character design, and costume), and symbolic signs. The findings reveal a pattern of standardisation and hybridisation, where multiple Southeast Asian traditions are merged into a fictionalised world, raising concerns about cultural specificity, accuracy, and authenticity. This research contributes to the broader discourse on cultural sensitivity in global media and highlights the importance of respectful, inclusive, and accurate representation to avoid cultural appropriation in animated film. Aligned with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10: Reduced Inequalities, the study underscored the role of media in promoting diversity and intercultural understanding on an international scale.
Evelyne Ilam Anak Beriak, Maslawati Mohamad
This study investigates the effectiveness of ChatGPT voice chat in enhancing the oral communicative skills of Malaysian Year 4 pupils within a primary ESL context. Specifically, it examines how the integration of AI-driven voice interaction can support pupils’ oral communicative development, including fluency, vocabulary use, and sentence construction. A quantitative research design was adopted to systematically measure the impact of ChatGPT voice chat on pupils’ oral communicative performance. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests as well as structured questionnaires. The pre- and post-tests were administered to assess pupils’ oral communicative skills before and after the intervention, focusing on fluency, vocabulary usage, and sentence construction. Meanwhile, the questionnaires were used to gather pupils’ attitudes, engagement levels, and perceptions toward the use of ChatGPT voice chat in oral communication activities.The intervention involved structured prompt training, where pupils were guided on how to interact effectively with ChatGPT voice chat to elicit meaningful spoken responses. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods to determine changes in pupils’ oral communicative performance and perceptions following the intervention.The findings indicate that prompt training played a significant role in helping pupils produce more structured and coherent oral communication output. Additionally, the use of ChatGPT voice chat encouraged more active participation, reduced oral communication anxiety, and created a low-pressure environment for practising English. Overall, the results suggest that integrating ChatGPT voice chat into the teaching of oral communicative skills can effectively supplement traditional instructional methods, making language learning more interactive, accessible, and enjoyable for young learners. This study contributes to the growing body of research on educational artificial intelligence, particularly within the domain of second language acquisition at the primary school level.
Elyana, Hendrikus Male, Laura Sansa Maitimu, Pretty S. Rogi
The implementation of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum in Indonesia represents a shift towards student-centered learning, emphasizing flexibility, interdisciplinary projects, and competency-based assessment. However, research on its practical implications remains limited, particularly in private junior high schools. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the perception and attitudes of teachers and students toward implementation of Merdeka Belajar curriculum, as well as the challenges and enablers they encounter. Thematic analysis revealed that both groups generally held positive attitudes toward the curriculum, particularly its potential to promote student engagement and independent learning. However, the study also found barriers, including limited technological access, increased administrative workload, unequal group participation, and insufficient teacher training. The findings underscore the importance of institutional support, targeted professional development, and equitable access to resources. The study provides practical implications for policymakers and educators by emphasizing the need for system-level support mechanisms to ensure successful and sustainable curriculum implementation.
Dhishaanthini Ravi Chandran, Norhidayah binti Hairul Azman, Nurul Amin bin Badrul
Mental health among trainees in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs has been receiving increasing attention; however, there remains a lack of comprehensive studies specifically examining the role of social support in stress management. This study was conducted to identify the factors contributing to elevated stress levels and to explore the importance of social support received by trainees in managing stress. A qualitative research design was employed, involving data collection through focus group discussions (FGD) conducted in the form of group counseling sessions. Six TVET trainees who were members of the Student Representative Council at the Advanced Technology Training Center (ADTEC), Department of Human Resource (JTM) Campus Ipoh, were selected using purposive sampling. Findings revealed that the main factors contributing to high levels of stress among trainees included overlapping responsibilities as members of the Student Representative Council and commitments to skill workshops, burdensome financial constraints, and peer relationship challenges. The study also found that social support from family, peers, and lecturers played a significant role in helping trainees cope with stress, reduce feelings of isolation, and enhance self-confidence and motivation. Accordingly, special emphasis should be placed on the active involvement of institutional counselors, the development of peer mentoring programs, and strengthening the role of families in providing social support to trainees. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for top management in designing policies and implementing more inclusive and responsive practices to address the psychosocial needs of trainees within the TVET education context, particularly in the area of stress management.
Ivan Steenkamp
Social enterprises are increasingly promoted as instruments for addressing persistent socio-economic challenges in the Global South, particularly in contexts marked by constrained public capacity and uneven market development. Despite growing policy interest, there remains limited systematic understanding of how the broader ecosystems surrounding social enterprises shape their sustainability and developmental impact. This study examines the structural and institutional dynamics of social enterprise ecosystems in developing contexts, with particular reference to Sub-Saharan Africa. The research aims to identify the key factors influencing ecosystem coherence and to develop an analytical model explaining how institutional conditions interact to enable or constrain organisational performance. The study adopts a structured mixed analytical approach based on a systematic review of academic and policy literature published between 2020 and 2025. Quantitative indicators drawn from secondary sources provide descriptive insights into ecosystem scale, funding patterns, and spatial distribution, while qualitative evidence from case studies and policy analyses informs interpretation of governance arrangements and coordination mechanisms. The findings indicate that social enterprise ecosystems in the Global South are frequently characterised by regulatory ambiguity, heavy dependence on short-term donor funding, limited human capital capacity, and uneven network coordination. These conditions contribute to fragmented support environments and constrain organisational sustainability and scaling. The study concludes that ecosystem effectiveness depends less on individual entrepreneurial capacity and more on institutional alignment across policy, finance, skills development, and intermediary structures. Strengthening social enterprise ecosystems therefore requires coherent regulatory frameworks, diversified financing mechanisms, sustained investment in capacity development, and improved institutional coordination. The analytical model developed in this study provides a basis for guiding future empirical research and informing policy design aimed at fostering inclusive and sustainable ecosystem development.
Armie Lhyn D. Recla, Azei Lei N. Dumarpa, Cyril T. Andujar, Dr. Junvil A. Insong, Kin Elmer S. Salibay
In recent years, the employment opportunities of criminology graduates were significantly affected by the increasing number of non-criminology graduates entering law enforcement. This study looked at the challenges criminology graduates face during job-seeking. In data analyzing, the researchers used Collaizzi's seven-step method. Twelve participants engaged in an in-depth face-to-face interview based on a questionnaire made by the researchers. This included a criminologist who graduated within 2020 – 2024 who are employed within or outside the field provided they have experience applying within the field. Six cluster themes emerged: motivation and educational background in criminology, expectation vs. realities of employment, challenges in employment application process, competition from non-criminology graduates, factors behind preference for noncriminology graduates, and strategies for criminology graduates to stay competitive. The findings revealed that participants generally have high confidence that they could easily enter any law enforcement agency, however several factors proved to be a persistent hinder in their employment. They lacked verbal and communication skills as well as educational software literacy. They also reportedly experienced psychological and financial constraints; and the hiring standards of law enforcement agencies proved to be rigorous, adding to the fact that the agencies recently preferred employing non-criminology graduates due to changing needs of the society. Such setbacks made the job market become highly competitive limiting their employment opportunities thus, creating a huge barrier in their career growth. Based on these findings, the researchers suggest that institutions should implement interactive career orientation, integrate the Information and Technology Literacy in the curriculum, and check on their employability status within the last two to three years. The criminology graduates should likewise focus in preparing their financial, physical, and mental capabilities while strengthening their qualifications through gaining extra certification and professional networking.
Debbra Toria Anak Nipo, Dongfang Xiang, Rozaidy Bin Mahadi
The impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on corporate financial performance has garnered increasing attention in recent years. ESG metrics reflect a company's commitment to sustainable practices, ethical governance, and social responsibility, which are increasingly viewed as drivers of long-term financial success. This study investigates the relationship between ESG performance and financial performance, specifically focusing on the mediating role of financial constraints. Using Return on Assets (ROA) as the dependent variable, this research evaluates whether ESG performance positively influences financial outcomes and how the Size-Age (SA) Index, as a measure of financial constraints, mediates this effect. The study employs a fixed-effects regression model, drawing on data from Chinese publicly listed companies. Results indicate a significant positive relationship between ESG performance and ROA, suggesting that firms with stronger ESG practices experience better financial outcomes. Additionally, the SA Index is found to partially mediate this relationship, demonstrating that ESG performance can reduce financial constraints, thereby further enhancing profitability. This research contributes to the growing body of literature by providing empirical evidence on the dual pathway through which ESG performance influences corporate financial performance.
Fatimah Khairiah Abd Hamid, Shakira Azeehan Azli, Siti Aminah Nordin, Zakiah Mohd Yusoff
This quantitative study explores the motivation factors for learning among undergraduates, focusing specifically on drafting with writing processes and difficulties. Using a purposive sample of 41 engineering students, an online survey comprising 38 items was administered covering demographic profiles, writing difficulties, planning before writing, translating while writing and editing when revising. The demographic analysis reveals a significant gender disparity with males constituting 64% and females 24% of the sample and highlights a predominantly average English proficiency level among participants. The study identifies major writing challenges such as unfamiliarity with different types of writing, goal-setting complexities and insufficient background knowledge, emphasizing the need for targeted educational interventions. Participants exhibit diverse drafting, planning and revising behaviours including structured drafting strategies, varied planning methods and focused revising practices. These findings suggest that tailored instructional approaches and support mechanisms are essential to enhance writing proficiency and confidence among engineering students. Future research should investigate longitudinal writing development, the impact of technological tools and the role of peer feedback and cultural factors in writing to further improve educational practices and student outcomes.
Ahmad Dzulfahmi Muhamad, Aisah Ahmad, Azizan Januin, Irma Wani Othman, Kasoma Thia, Saifulazry Mokhtar
This study aims to explore the relationship between integrity and fasting in Islam, emphasizing the role of fasting as a medium for shaping individual character, moral values, and spirituality. The study employs a qualitative research approach through a literature analysis method, which involves examining primary sources such as the Qur’an and the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), as well as secondary sources including Islamic scholarly works, academic journal articles, and previous studies discussing aspects of integrity, self-discipline, trustworthiness, and social responsibility. This methodological approach allows for an in-depth understanding of the concept of integrity in the context of fasting from an Islamic perspective. The findings indicate that fasting is not merely a physical ritual but a comprehensive spiritual and psychological exercise that cultivates internal integrity. Fasting trains honesty, sincerity, accountability, self-discipline, control of desires, time management, and heightened social awareness. Observing fasting with integrity encourages individuals to maintain ethical behaviour even without external supervision, thereby strengthening their relationship with Allah SWT and enhancing their responsibilities toward themselves and society. Additionally, fasting contributes to the formation of an integrity-based society by fostering empathy, justice, and social care. Thus, fasting functions as a vital instrument for moral and spiritual education in developing personal and societal integrity. Practicing fasting grounded in integrity can produce God-conscious, disciplined, and responsible individuals, in line with Islam’s aim of cultivating noble character and promoting social well-being.
Fatimah Khairiah Abd Hamid, Nurul Nadia Mohamad, Shakira Azeehan Azli, Siti Aminah Nordin, Zakiah Mohd Yusoff
This study investigates the relationship between power, achievement, and affiliation in learning environments. Prior research indicates that these motivational factors play a crucial role in student behaviour and educational outcomes. This research aims to analyse how these factors correlate and impact learning efficiency and engagement among students. Using a quantitative survey approach, data were collected through a structured questionnaire divided into three sections: demographic information, assessment of power, achievement, and affiliation motivations, and evaluation of learning outcomes. The survey was administered to 46 high school students from various schools in the city. The findings demonstrate a significant relationship between these motivational factors, with achievement motivation having the most substantial influence on positive learning outcomes. The study suggests that understanding these dynamics can help educators design better curricula and teaching strategies, fostering an environment that supports balanced motivation and enhances student engagement and academic success.
Lavaneesh Rama, Mohd Haniff Mohd Tahir, Samuel Manickam, Yuvavatania Davudars
This study investigates the efficacy of AI-generated contextual sentences in enhancing vocabulary acquisition among Malaysian ESL learners. Vocabulary mastery is pivotal for language proficiency, yet rote learning methods often fail to provide the necessary context for long-term retention. Adopting a mixed-method research design, this study utilises methodological triangulation comprising pre- and post-tests, semi-structured teacher interviews, and student interviews. The study involved 10 Form Four ESL students and 3 English teachers from a Malaysian secondary school in Ipoh, Perak, and evaluated the effectiveness of AI-customised vocabulary exercises tailored to learner interests. Quantitative data were analysed using pre- and post-test comparisons, which revealed a clear improvement in vocabulary definition accuracy and contextual usage following the intervention. Qualitative findings further indicated heightened learner engagement and motivation. However, discrepancies between written vocabulary mastery and oral fluency were observed. These findings provide important implications for the pedagogical integration of Generative AI in English Language Teaching (ELT).
Divya M Ravi, Maslawati Mohamad
This study examined postgraduate students’ adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in academic writing at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The results indicated a moderate to high level of familiarity and daily engagement with AI, influenced by deadlines, peer interactions, and institutional training. Various tools were utilized, including ChatGPT, Copilot, Grammarly, QuillBot, and Mendeley. Students frequently recognized drafting and editing as the most beneficial phases, during which AI improved clarity, organization, vocabulary, and confidence. The benefits included increased efficiency, scaffolding support, and lower stress levels, while the challenges included fabricated references, inaccurate summaries, the risk of plagiarism, and a potential loss of academic voice. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this conceptual paper reviewed literature on students’ acceptance of AI-assisted academic writing tools and conducted a qualitative study with six postgraduate students from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The importance of maintaining an ethical and pedagogical balance was highlighted, with AI positioned as a supportive tool that necessitates supervisory oversight and validation against peer-reviewed materials. AI literacy evolved gradually, transitioning from initial scepticism to a greater appreciation, shaped by peer influence, institutional exposure, and practical requirements. In summary, students viewed AI as a collaborative partner that enhanced productivity but required careful scrutiny to maintain originality and academic integrity. This highlights the necessity for well-defined institutional policies that direct the responsible use of AI in postgraduate research settings. Effective supervisory oversight and validation against peer-reviewed sources are crucial to maintain authenticity and avert misuse. Fostering critical digital literacy among students will guarantee that AI serves as a supportive ally, enhancing academic rigor while upholding originality and ethical principles.
Anthony Zvapera, Pamire Jongwe
This study explored rural women’s perceptions of their ability to advocate for gender rights and assume leadership roles in public decision-making. This study was carried in three districts namely; Bikita, Chivi and Zaka in Masvingo Province-Zimbabwe. The study used qualitative methods, including focus group discussions and purposive sampling. A total of 44 women participated in the study, comprising 11 from Bikita, 23 from Chivi and 10 from Zaka. Findings revealed a hierarchy of confidence, highest in local, tangible activities and lowest in national policy participation. Women’s self-efficacy was strengthened by peer support and prior successes but limited by fears of stigma, opposition from traditional leaders and structural barriers. The study confirms the confidence gradient across governance levels and shows that social risks, rather than lack of knowledge, restrict women’s agency. The study recommended capacity-building programs, mentorship, visible pathways and fostering strategic allyship to transform social and institutional norms. The research also highlighted the need for psychological and structural support to enhance participation and advance women’s leadership in rural contexts.
Prof. Cornelius Aghadiegwu Ukwueze
This study investigates the Anambra State Voters' exposure and responsiveness of to online political disinformation during Nigeria’s 2023 general elections. Drawing from communication studies, political science, and digital sociology, the research examines how digital misinformation and deliberate falsehoods circulated through social media platforms influenced electoral perceptions and behaviors. A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire distributed among a representative sample of registered voters across Anambra State. Findings indicate that online platforms, particularly WhatsApp, Facebook, and X ( formerly Twitter) were the most prominent sources of political information and disinformation. Respondents reported high exposure to false narratives about political candidates’ health, credentials, and affiliations, which significantly shaped their political attitudes. However, voters with higher levels of media literacy exhibited greater resilience to deceptive content. The study underscores the role of digital media in shaping electoral behavior and highlights the urgent need for digital literacy programs, factchecking collaborations, and regulatory mechanisms to mitigate the impact of online disinformation on Nigeria’s democratic process.
Indumini Kaviratne, Ruwini Dharmawardene
This study explores the multifaceted factors influencing language literacy levels among young inmates (aged 18–30) at Welikada Prison, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Utilizing a qualitative approach that involves semi-structured interviews (questionnaires) and thematic analysis, the research identifies systemic, socio-economic, and psychological barriers to literacy. Findings suggest that while the Department of Prisons provides basic educational frameworks, overcrowding, lack of specialized instructors, and the prisonization effect significantly hinder literacy development. The study concludes with recommendations for integrating digital literacy and peer-mentorship programs to enhance rehabilitative outcomes.
Nur Udhwa Ashikin Mohd Rani, Wan Muna Ruzanna Wan Mohammad
Minority groups such as the Indigenous community are among those who often face challenges in mastering Malay Vocabulary forms as a second language due to several factors. Therefore, this study aims to explore the factors influencing the mastery of Malay Vocabulary as a second language among Indigenous students. Accordingly, this study is grounded in Krashen’s Second Language Acquisition Theory (1987) to analyze the factors affecting the mastery of Malay Vocabulary among Indigenous students. This case study was conducted qualitatively that involved six Indigenous students of the Temuan ethnic group. The research was conducted at a primary school located in the Bentong, Pahang. The instruments used in this research were interviews that conducted by the researcher, which were analyzed thematically. The findings of the study indicate that there are several internal and external factors that influence the mastery of Malay vocabulary among Indigenous students. These factors include sources of Malay language acquisition as a second language, language input, student's comprehension, grammatical awareness, the influence of the first language, and affective factors. The sharing of these research findings is particularly important, especially for teachers who teach Malay language to Indigenous students, as an understanding of the factors influencing Malay vocabulary mastery enables teachers to select teaching approaches and methods that are appropriate to the students background
Muhamad Zuhaili Saiman, Nur Nabila Mohd Noorazam
Malaysia is one of the countries known for its Islamic finance and banking sector but the usage rate of Islamic credit cards is still weak compared to the usage of conventional credit cards among Muslim consumers in Malaysia. This study aims to study the factors that contribute to the selection of credit cards among Muslim workers, especially in Selangor, which is also one of the states with the highest state of employment rate in Malaysia. This study uses a quantitative method with an online survey on the purpose sampling technique by respondents among Muslim workers who is experience in credit card usage. Through these findings, the researcher has also formulated several hypotheses related to the level of knowledge, behavior, intention to use, selection factors and customer satisfaction levels towards Islamic and conventional credit cards that they use. The data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis using Excel and SPSS. The main results of the study showed that the level of knowledge and belief in sharia compliance among Islamic credit card users had a higher level of knowledge compared to conventional credit card users. However, the annual charge rate, rewards, attractive promotions and customer satisfaction encouraged Muslim users to continue choosing conventional credit cards. Therefore, more precise and convincing efforts need to be expanded to strengthen Islamic financial education among Muslim users in addition to providing more attractive promotions and service charges that are more profitable for both parties.
Alexander Kasyoki, Mwangea Stellah, Oscar Ngesa
The timing of first sexual intercourse is a critical marker in adolescent development, influencing health, education, and social outcomes. Early sexual debut increases the risk of unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and educational disruption. While several studies in sub-Saharan Africa have explored correlates of early sexual initiation, most rely on cross-sectional designs or localized samples and logistic regression to find out covariates of sex debut, few have applied survival analysis to nationally representative data in Kenya to find out factors influencing time to sex debut. The purpose of this study is to estimate the median age at first sexual intercourse and identify socio-demographic, cultural, and behavioral determinants influencing its timing among Kenyan youths, using the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS).
Fahmida Akter, Md. Saiful Islam, Mridul Kanti Das, Mst Morshada Mostarin, Rezaul karim
This study investigated the survival strategies adopted by informal traders in Harare in dealing with the effects of Covid-19. A cross-sectional survey was used to gather data from a sample of 144 informal traders drawn through cluster sampling from Magaba, Mupedzanhamo, Glenview 8, Mbare Musika, Seke Road Flyover, Epworth, Mbudzi Roundabout, Coca Cola-Adbernie, Jambanja Market Chitungwiza trading areas. Findings from the exploratory factor analysis revealed that informal sector players adopted strategies such as shift to on-demand and fast moving products, selling within proximity to place of residence, laying off employees, use of mobile money for business transactions, defying lockdown protocols, selling at usual points, use of alternative sources of power for production, shifting all goods back home to avoid rentals, limiting other household expenditure, dipping into savings and profits to fund expenses, borrowing from friends and family, door to door delivery services, disposal of assets, online vending (WhatsApp, Facebook), defaulting repaying all outstanding loan balances, backyard factories and shops and defaulting repaying all rates to city councils. The study recommended that informal businesses that have been severely affected during the COVID-19 crisis can take alternative approaches such as partnership strategies. Through collaboration with other informal businesses, they can recover from financial distress and other effects caused by Covid-19. It was also revealed in this study that the government and other private organisations should start education on running successful businesses during economic shocks and pandemics such as Covid-19 and other outbreaks that are unforeseen.
Joel T. Aclao, Sittie Badria M. Datu Dacula
This study examines the integration of Islamic ethical principles into the leadership practices of Muslim officials within Philippine government agencies, with the objectives of identifying how core values—Shura (consultation), Maslaha (public interest), Adl (justice), and Ibadah (service as worship)—are operationalized and assessing their impact on promoting inclusive governance aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 10 (Reduced Inequalities) and 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). The research employs a qualitative content analysis methodology, systematically analyzing publicly available online documents, official publications, policy frameworks, and digital communications from three key agencies: the Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity (OPAPRU), the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos (NCMF), and the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The results reveal that these Islamic principles are consciously embedded in institutional practices, facilitating participatory decision-making, directing policy toward communal welfare, ensuring equitable resource allocation, and framing public service as a moral duty. This faith-informed approach significantly contributes to governance outcomes characterized by equity, accountability, and inclusive representation. The study concludes that Islamic leadership values offer a potent, culturally resonant framework for advancing moral governance and inclusive public service in the Philippines. While structural and resource constraints present challenges, the conscious application of these principles provides a viable pathway for achieving SDG targets, suggesting that policymakers should consider faith-based ethical models in national reform and governance strategies.
Kelechi Chiemerie Chikezie
In recent years, security concerns have increasingly shaped legal and political discourse in Nigeria, particularly in response to insurgency, terrorism, and communal violence. While these developments are often justified as necessary for maintaining public order, their broader implications for religious freedom remain underexamined. This article explores how security-driven fear narratives function as a form of governance that reshapes religious freedom beyond formal legal restrictions. Drawing on securitisation theory and interdisciplinary scholarship on law, religion, and governance, the article argues that fear operates through informal mechanisms such as social surveillance, anticipatory self-censorship, and conditional tolerance of religious expression. Using Nigeria as a case study, the analysis demonstrates how both Christian and Muslim communities experience the effects of securitised fear in uneven yet interconnected ways. The article highlights the disjunction between constitutional guarantees of religious freedom and lived religious practice in securitised contexts, underscoring the limits of legal protection where governance operates through informal and discursive means. It concludes by reflecting on the implications of fear-based governance for democratic pluralism and social cohesion in multi-religious societies.
Diana Ferdinand
This paper investigates the determinants of tax compliance among retail traders in Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It does so through the lens of the Slippery Slope Framework. Drawing on survey data from 216 traders and complementary qualitative interviews, the study applies a mixed-methods approach to examine how enforcement, trust, procedural accessibility, and institutional fairness shape compliance behaviour. Logistic regression and mediation models reveal that tax knowledge significantly predicts compliance but operates indirectly through increased awareness of enforcement risks. However, high compliance costs, opaque procedures, and digital access barriers— especially among women and less-educated traders—undermine voluntary engagement. Trust in tax authorities, shaped by respectful treatment and perceived service reciprocity, emerges as a crucial driver of relational compliance. The findings challenge deterrence-centred models by showing that sustainable tax compliance depends not only on state capacity to punish but also on its ability to build legitimacy. The paper contributes to development policy by positioning tax behaviour as a negotiated outcome embedded in everyday governance encounters, shaped by traders’ shifting perceptions of state authority—whether rooted in fear or fairness.
Dele Ojomolade, Olalekan Akinrinola, Rufus Ikenna Udechukwu
This study examines how foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances (REM), and official development assistance (ODA) affect Nigeria’s economic growth (GDP) from 1981 to 2022. Using annual data from the Central Bank of Nigeria and the World Bank, we conduct unit-root and Johansen cointegration tests and estimate a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). We further assess inflation as a moderating variable on the flows–growth nexus. The results show: (i) FDI has an insignificant short-run effect but a positive and significant long-run association with GDP; (ii) ODA yields near-term gains with a delayed positive effect, yet relates negatively to growth in the long run; (iii) remittances have delayed short-run benefits but lack strong long-run structural impact; and (iv) inflation dampens growth in the short run, with limited evidence of long-run pro-growth effects. Policy should prioritize patient, stability-oriented FDI reforms, tighten governance and project selection for ODA, lower remittance costs and steer them toward productive uses, and manage inflation to avoid eroding short-run growth.
Karen Rojo- Bastasa
Financial stability and demographics are factors that could affect teachers' professional performance. This study explored the role of financial stability and demographics on teaching performance among public school teachers for School Year 2025-2026. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 160 teachers selected through stratified random sampling and analyzed through descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and multiple regression. Results showed that teachers demonstrated a very satisfactory level of teaching performance across all dimensions and a high level of financial stability, particularly in managing debt and liabilities, while savings and investment received the lowest ratings. No significant differences in financial stability were found when teachers were grouped according to age, marital status, and teaching position. Regression analysis revealed that financial stability significantly influenced teaching performance, with debt and liabilities emerging as the only significant predictor, indicating that effective debt management reduces financial stress and supports better professional performance.
Elona Zhana
Public finance theory traditionally assumes the existence of a fiscal contract linking taxation, representation, and accountability. Communist regimes challenge this assumption by sustaining extensive public extraction and allocation without pluralistic taxation or political consent. This article develops the concept of fiscal control without a fiscal contract to analyze how public finance operates under central planning as a system of implicit extraction rather than as a policy instrument negotiated with taxpayers. Using Communist Albania (1945–1990) as a primary case study, the article adopts a qualitative, theory-driven approach and constructs an analytical framework structured around visibility of extraction, channels of coercion, fiscal discretion, accounting opacity, monetary control, and distributive effects. The analysis shows that a set of implicit extraction mechanisms—including administered prices, wage compression, constrained monetization, state monopolies, and the direct appropriation of production surpluses through centrally planned productive units—functioned as substitutes for explicit taxation, fulfilling allocative and stabilizing functions while suppressing fiscal visibility and accountability. A brief comparative reference to other socialist systems highlights Albania’s specificity as a case of extreme centralization and fiscal opacity. The article contributes to public finance scholarship by extending the analysis of fiscal systems beyond contractual settings and by conceptualizing budgets and accounting practices as instruments of governance rather than as arenas of collective choice.
Cellyne N. Anudo, Jackline B. Arege, Ouma Lyner Atieno
Political debates are important ventures that have been carried out globally. They show how well candidates can think on their feet, manage stress effectively and what facts they have at their fingertips. Significantly, debates thrust candidates to public examination, prompting them to explain their agenda, defend themselves against the criticism of opponents and explain why they should be elected. Presidential debates have become the norm the world over and many countries in Africa have given such debates prominence especially during political campaigns. With the advent of technology, televised debates have been embraced and media houses in conjunction with other organizations have been in the forefront in organizing such debates in order to give the public a chance to evaluate the preparedness of their candidates for the tasks they are yet to undertake if elected in the positions they are vying for. Television allows attachment between a presidential candidate and the public and it furnishes voters with more factors with which to evaluate candidates. In Kenya, these broadcast debates have become a fundamental part of egalitarian exchange, shaping how citizens judge dependability, management style and preparedness to rule. This study sought to investigate instances in which Grice’s conversational maxims were flouted by two Kenyan deputy presidential candidates during a televised debate that took place in the run up to the 2022 general elections. The study was guided by Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle. A qualitative descriptive design was used and excerpts from the debate were purposively selected for analysis. The study revealed that both candidates flouted Grice’s conversational maxims.
Isaac Armah, Patience B. A. Yamoah
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has become a central pillar of economic transformation strategies across Sub-Saharan African countries, as governments increasingly view external capital inflows as a means of stimulating employment creation, enhancing productivity, and addressing persistent income inequality. In the context of limited domestic savings, structural unemployment, and expanding labor forces, FDI is often promoted as a catalyst for industrial upgrading, technology transfer, and integration into global value chains. However, despite its prominence in development policy, empirical evidence on the labor market and distributional impacts of FDI in Sub-Saharan Africa remains fragmented and inconclusive. While some studies report positive effects of FDI on employment growth, wage levels, and skill formation, others suggest that these benefits are unevenly distributed across sectors, regions, and skill groups. In particular, concerns have been raised that FDI may reinforce labor market dualism, increase wage inequality, and intensify job insecurity, especially where investments are concentrated in extractive industries or low-skill manufacturing. These mixed findings point to the importance of contextual factors such as institutional quality, labor market regulation, sectoral composition of investment, and macroeconomic conditions in shaping how FDI interacts with domestic labor markets and income distribution. Against this background, this paper presents a conceptual literature review that synthesises theoretical and empirical scholarship on the relationship between FDI, labor markets, and income distribution in Sub-Saharan Africa. Rather than conducting primary empirical analysis, the study integrates insights from development economics, labor economics, and international business to clarify the mechanisms through which FDI influences employment generation, wage structures, and inequality outcomes. Particular attention is given to the role of institutional quality, including governance effectiveness, regulatory frameworks, and enforcement capacity, as well as sectoral dynamics that differentiate the labor impacts of FDI in manufacturing, services, and extractive industries. The review finds that FDI has the potential to improve labor market outcomes by creating employment opportunities, raising productivity, and facilitating skill and knowledge transfer through spillover effects. These benefits are more likely to materialise in contexts characterised by strong institutions, effective labor protections, and complementary investments in education and infrastructure. Conversely, in environments marked by weak regulation and limited bargaining power for workers, FDI may contribute to labor exploitation, wage suppression, and widening income inequality. Multinational enterprises may exploit regulatory gaps, rely heavily on informal or precarious labor, or generate high returns with limited employment absorption, thereby diluting the inclusive growth potential of foreign investment. The study concludes by highlighting key policy implications for Sub-Saharan African economies. To maximise the developmental benefits of FDI while mitigating its adverse labor and distributional effects, policymakers must strengthen institutional frameworks, enforce labor standards, and adopt targeted investment strategies that prioritise high-employment and skill-intensive sectors. Aligning FDI policies with broader labor market and social protection reforms is essential to ensuring that foreign investment contributes not only to economic growth, but also to inclusive and equitable development.
Aruna Ishola MAMIDU, Olugbenga JINADU, Oluwafunmibi Ruth AYODEJI
The quality of corporate financial reporting by companies has been an issue of public concern due to the steady rise in financial scandals and fraud in Nigeria. Despite research on this field, there still exist divergent opinions and conflicts of interest within the general public. This has resulted in increased academic interest in the application of forensic accounting tools and the desire for accountability, integrity, and transparency of corporate financial reporting. Besides, this topical issue has been researched extensively in developed economies. In contrast, a lack of studies in developing economies is evident. This paper, thus, analysed the impact of the tools of forensic accounting on corporate financial reporting in Nigeria. The main sources of secondary data were the peer-reviewed journal articles, financial records, reports of the forensic agencies, and records of the regulatory agencies. In addition, a desk study approach utilizing existing statistics and scholarly work based on qualitative and quantitative data between 2018 and 2025 was engaged. Using the results of previous studies, the application of forensic accounting tools (e.g., fraud investigation, forensic audit, data analytics, and litigation support) exhibited a significant positive impact on corporate financial reporting. In conclusion, forensic accounting tools, when integrated into corporate governance structures, are effective strategies for improving the quality of corporate financial reporting and enhancing stakeholder trust in Nigeria.
Amirah Hazwani Abdul Rahim, Fazillah Bosli, Mohd Tahir Ismail, Noor Hafizah Zainal Aznam, Nurazlina Abdul Rashid, Shahida Farhan Zakaria, Siti Noorul Ain Nor Azemi
Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have transformed global finance but remain difficult to forecast due to volatility, nonlinear dynamics, and sensitivity to speculative and macroeconomic shocks. Traditional econometric models provide baselines but fail to capture chaotic and high-frequency patterns. Deep learning architectures including LSTM, GRU, and Bi-LSTM offer stronger predictive capacity, yet issues of interpretability, scalability, and data heterogeneity persist. This study presents a scientometric and thematic review of deep learning in cryptocurrency forecasting using Scopus AI Analytics, covering publications from 2010 to 2025. The analysis maps research trends, conceptual clusters, leading experts, and emerging themes. Findings indicate a methodological progression from single model Bitcoin focused studies toward hybrid and ensemble frameworks that integrate technical indicators, sentiment analysis, and blockchain-based features. Evaluation metrics have also shifted beyond error minimization toward profitability and risk-adjusted performance. The review highlights three critical frontiers: (i) hybrid and ensemble architectures for robustness, (ii) explainable AI for interpretability, and (iii) integration of multi-source and behavioral data for practical forecasting. Collectively, these insights underscore the need for resilient, interpretable, and multi-asset deep learning systems, offering implications for both academic research and financial decision-making in volatile digital asset markets.
Jasmine Jain, Johan Eddy Luaran, Tay Pei Lin
This study explored student teachers’ perceived learning outcomes and partnership experiences when Purpose-Driven Learning (PDL) was embedded within an early university–community collaboration supporting a refugee learning centre. Twenty-five second-year Bachelor of Education students participated in a 14-week project designing STEM learning aids informed by PDL principles, culminating in a one-day STEM Teachfest where they taught 32 refugee pupils using the developed materials. Data were collected immediately post-event through surveys analysed using descriptive statistics and semi-structured interviews with four student teachers and one centre teacher analysed thematically. Survey results indicated high levels of perceived development in self-inquiry (76%), creativity, interpersonal and collaborative skills (84% each), empathy (88%), pedagogical skills (84%), and understanding of STEM concepts connected to the learning aids (92%). Qualitative findings suggested two themes: (i) enactment of pedagogical knowledge under authentic constraints, including adaptation to learners’ language needs, and (ii) emerging professional purpose through heightened awareness of educational inequities. From the partner perspective, the programme was perceived to enhance pupil engagement and inspire more interactive teaching practices, while transportation was noted as a practical challenge. Overall, the findings suggest that short-term, structured community-linked projects may provide meaningful opportunities for pre-service teachers to practise socio-emotional and pedagogical competencies in context. Implications are discussed for strengthening reciprocal school–university partnerships aligned with SDG 4, while noting the need for longitudinal and multi-source evidence to examine sustained outcomes.
Jessica Gallagher
This study examines a trauma-informed, behaviourally informed, community-based intervention for women survivors of domestic violence in rural Ireland and introduces the Trauma-Informed Behavioural Recovery (TIBR) design. Using a qualitative case study of the pilot programme for this innovative new model, the 4Empowerment Donegal programme, this research explores how applied behaviour analysis (ABA), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), feminist trauma-informed care, and physical activity can be integrated without reproducing coercive or compliance-based service models. Drawing on programme-generated qualitative data, findings demonstrate that sustained engagement emerged through safety, choice, and structural accommodation rather than mandate, disclosure, or behavioural monitoring. Within the TIBR design, voluntary participation, flexible attendance, non-punitive re-entry, and practical supports functioned as core intervention mechanisms that reduced barriers to engagement and supported persistence over time. Physical activity operated as an embodied, non-clinical pathway to regulation, agency, and social reconnection, enabling recovery without requiring trauma narration or therapeutic performance. Recovery trajectories were non-linear and relational, shaped by ongoing coercive control, legal pressures, and material constraints. The study demonstrates that behavioural science, when embedded within the Trauma-Informed Behavioural Recovery design, can support ethical, non-coercive, recovery-oriented practice for women survivors of domestic violence. By reframing engagement as a function of safety rather than compliance, this research challenges dominant assumptions underpinning domestic violence interventions and offers a transferable model for trauma-informed, community-based service design.
Dr. Nur Ainil Sulaiman, Sathia Devi Thulasy
Many Malaysian Form 6 ESL students struggle to achieve the MUET Writing Paper standards, especially in linguistic correctness, lexical range, and grammatical control. Addressing this issue, the current study looked into the efficacy of incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) writing tools to improve students' writing skills. The study, which was based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Constructivist learning theory, looked at how AI-supported writing instruction helps learners engage and develop knowledge. A quantitative quasi-experimental approach was used with 16 Lower Six ESL pupils at a Malaysian secondary school. Over the course of a six-week intervention, students conducted guided MUET-style writing activities with AI writing tools. Pre- and post-test writings were graded using an analytical rubric that corresponded to MUET descriptors for vocabulary, grammar, and mechanics. Performance differences were measured using descriptive and inferential techniques. The findings demonstrated considerable improvements in all writing components, with vocabulary showing the biggest increase, followed by grammar and mechanics. These findings show that AI systems may efficiently scaffold linguistic accuracy and lexical development using instant feedback and iterative revision. The study emphasizes the pedagogical potential of AI-assisted instruction in improving MUET-oriented writing performance and advocates for its incorporation into post-secondary ESL curriculum.
Fiifi Deegbe
West Africa has undergone a significant reconfiguration of regional security governance following the withdrawal of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the subsequent establishment of the Alliance of Sahel States (ASS). The study examines the growing divergence between ECOWAS and ASS in terms of mandate, legitimacy, and operational effectiveness, and analyses the political, security, geopolitical, and socio-economic forces driving the shift. Drawing on an integrative framework combining Regional Security Complex Theory, Institutionalism, Realism, and Constructivism, the study shows how competing institutional logics and legitimacy narratives are reshaping patterns of authority in West Africa’s security architecture. Using documentary analysis, conflict event data, official statements, policies, and joint communiqués, the study finds that while ECOWAS retains formal legal authority and institutional capacity, ASS has cultivated domestic legitimacy and unity by prioritising sovereignty, regime security, and resistance to external influence. The dynamics highlight strains between democratic conditionality and non-interference, regional integration and state autonomy, and multilateral governance and regime survival. The study argues that the coexistence of parallel security institutions risks fragmenting collective responses to extremism, border insecurity, and humanitarian crises, while reflecting broader transformations in Africa’s regional order. The study concludes with policy recommendations for reconciling divergent governance norms, strengthening institutional resilience, and fostering adaptive and inclusive security governance frameworks capable of addressing the evolving threat environment of West Africa.
ADOYI, Mathias Apochi (PhD), EKENE, Christopher (ACA)
This study examines how the application of SMART analysis (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound objectives) enhances strategic corporate governance and leadership efficiency in contemporary Nigerian organizations. Drawing on governance theory, goal-setting theory, and the Resource-Based View (RBV), the study conceptualizes SMART analysis as a strategic governance capability that aligns board oversight, executive leadership, and organizational performance. A mixed-methods research design was adopted. Quantitative data were collected from 298 board members and senior executives across financial services, manufacturing, telecommunications, healthcare, and non-profit sectors in Nigeria and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Qualitative interviews with selected board chairs and CEOs were used to contextualize the empirical findings. The results indicate that SMART-driven strategic governance has a significant positive effect on leadership efficiency and governance quality. Leadership efficiency partially mediates the relationship between SMART analysis and governance quality, while board strategic competence strengthens this relationship. The study contributes to corporate governance literature by positioning SMART analysis as an operational governance mechanism rather than a purely managerial tool. Practically, the findings highlight how Nigerian boards can enhance strategic clarity, accountability, and leadership effectiveness through structured SMART-based governance frameworks.
Farheen Siddique
This empirical study examines the hijab as a linguacultural phenomenon through a comparative critical discourse analysis of its representation across three distinct contexts: Pakistani English language media, Western international news outlets, and digital self-representation on Instagram. Addressing the gap between theoretical discussions of the hijab and analysis of its actual mediated discourse, the research employs Geertzian thick description as an interpretive lens to uncover the layered cultural meanings embedded in language. A curated corpus of 120 text based items (news articles, opinion pieces, and Instagram captions) from 2020 2023 was analyzed using a qualitative, interpretive framework. Findings reveal three dominant but divergent framing paradigms: 1) Western media discourse predominantly utilizes politicized and securitized frames that associate the hijab with conflict; 2) Pakistani media navigates a complex narrative of religious identity, modernity, and cultural preservation; 3) Digital spaces manifest a paradigm of personal agency, aesthetic expression, and community building. The study concludes that these conflicting framings constitute significant barriers to transcultural communication, as interlocutors operate from incommensurate meaning systems. It argues that thick description, applied to mediated discourse, provides a crucial methodological tool for deconstructing simplistic binaries and fostering intercultural understanding. The research contributes to intercultural communication theory by demonstrating how symbolic meaning is contested and negotiated in an increasingly mediated global sphere.
Sathiswaran A/L Uthamaputhran, Yuan Chen
This study investigates the development and dynamics of the honeymoon tourism industry, with a specific focus on the rapidly expanding Chinese market. Grounded in the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theoretical framework, this research constructs a conceptual model to address existing gaps in understanding how honeymoon tourism quality attributes (HTQA) influence memorable tourism experience (MTE) and future word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions. Within this model, HTQA is positioned as an external stimulus that directly affects MTE (the organismic response), thereby shaping subsequent WOM intention (the behavioral response). By integrating HTQA, MTE, and post-travel behavioral intention into a unified conceptual framework, this study enriches the existing theoretical system in tourism research. Drawing on theoretical perspectives from honeymoon tourism research, it offers a structured analytical framework for examining the critical role of service and product quality in shaping lifelong travel experiences and consumer advocacy.
Erastus Misheng’u Mwanaumo, Grant Mulenga
Rural roads are widely recognised as a foundation for inclusive rural development, yet evidence on how rehabilitation shapes everyday mobility and market accessibility at the district level remains limited. This paper examines and compares the intermediate impacts of rural road rehabilitation under the Zambia Improved Rural Connectivity Project regarding market accessibility and mobility for small-scale farmers in two contrasting districts, Nyimba and Chibombo. Using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, this comparative study combines survey data from 372 households located along rehabilitated feeder roads with focus group discussions, key informant interviews and basic GIS analysis. It analyses changes in main modes of transport, travel time to the BOMA and markets, frequency and purpose of trips and perceived ease of access to key services. The findings show that feeder road rehabilitation under the Improved Rural Connectivity Project significantly reduced travel times to the BOMA and markets, increased the share of households who are able to reach key destinations within 90 minutes and improved perceived ease of travel for more than 70% of respondents. In Chibombo, mobility is predominantly motorised, while in Nyimba, intermediate means of transport such as bicycles and motorcycles remain central alongside walking. Across both districts, improved roads have enabled more frequent trips to markets, health facilities and schools, but benefits are unevenly distributed. Households further from the road corridor, poorer households and some female-headed households continue to face cost and service-related constraints. The paper concludes that rural road rehabilitation is a necessary but not sufficient condition for inclusive mobility, and argues for complementary investments in affordable rural transport services, last-mile links and equity-focused planning.
Azhar A Aziz, Dr. Hidayati Mohamed Jani, Rahaidah Muhammad, Ts. Emilia Abdull Manan, Ts. Mohd Masdi Abdul Manan, Ts. Rozita Shamsuddin, Wan Norliza Wan Bakar
Traditionally, transforming jewellery design concepts into final products has relied on manual rendering and physical prototyping—a process that is often time-intensive, costly, and dependent on technical expertise. Recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence (AI) present new opportunities to streamline and enhance this workflow. This study investigates the application of Gemini Artificial Intelligence in converting jewellery design sketches into realistic product imagery, effectively bridging the gap between conceptualisation and market-ready visualisation. A structured methodology was applied, including sketch digitisation, prompt-driven AI interpretation, iterative refinement, and validation by jewellery professionals. The resulting outputs were assessed based on realism, design fidelity, material representation, and commercial applicability. Findings indicate that Gemini AI can generate high-quality jewellery visuals closely resembling professional renders while significantly reducing development time. The study underscores the potential of AI-assisted visualisation in supporting designers, small-scale entrepreneurs, and educational institutions within the jewellery industry, contributing to the growing body of knowledge on AI integration in creative sectors.
Abubacar A. Ali
This paper looks into the systematic violations of human rights in Lanao, Philippines, from 1972 to 1981 under the Martial Law regime of the late president, Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr., and crafts comprehensive policies that are anchored on the concept of transitional justice. The research documents specific human rights violations in the two provinces of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte through field research in selected communities, founded on survivor testimonies, family members, relatives and witnesses who lived through this period. Critical findings of the research include: the uncovering of various, almost undocumented human rights abuses; a disturbing lack of knowledge about the violations among the younger generations, resulting in a very dangerous gap within collective memory; a persistent lack of accountability for perpetrators; and a documented absence of adequate measures of compensation for victims. Based on the applied transitional justice framework, this paper articulates policy recommendations in the following four key areas of transitional justice: right to truth (providing historic documentation), right to justice (accountability mechanisms), right to compensation/ reparations for victims, and guarantees of nonrecurrence/safeguards against future violations. This research has made significant contributions to current literature regarding the impact of Martial Law on Muslim Filipino (Bangsamoro in Southern Philippines) communities because this view has historically been on the periphery of mainstream or the national history. More importantly, this research provides policy recommendations to the local and national administration on how justice may be remedied for the past and how peaceful solutions may be derived for the region.
Adoyi, Mathias Apochi, PhD, ACA, ACTI, Sule, Ismaila Dansebe, FCA, FCTI, PhD
This study advances contemporary accounting scholarship by examining SMART-based strategic governance as an accounting governance capability that enhances accounting quality, financial accountability, and reporting discipline in emerging economies. Integrating agency theory, goal-setting theory, institutional theory, and the Resource-Based View (RBV), the study reconceptualizes SMART analysis as a board- and audit committee-driven governance mechanism embedded within accounting oversight processes. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was adopted. Quantitative data were collected from senior accountants, finance managers, internal auditors, and audit committee members across multiple sectors in Nigeria and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Qualitative interviews with chief financial officers and audit committee chairs were conducted to contextualise the statistical results. The findings demonstrate that SMART-based strategic governance significantly improves accounting leadership efficiency, accounting quality, timeliness of financial reporting, and internal control effectiveness. Accounting leadership efficiency partially mediates the relationship between SMART-based governance and accounting quality, while audit committee competence strengthens the effectiveness of SMART governance practices. By repositioning SMART analysis from a managerial planning technique to an accounting governance capability, the study contributes theoretically, methodologically, and practically to accounting and corporate governance research in emerging institutional contexts.
Muaz Azinuddin, Muhammad Zuhdi Abu Bakar
The Value-Identity-Personal Norm (VIP) model is a well-known psychological framework for explaining pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) through intrinsic moral motivation. The VIP model positions environmental self-identity (ESI) as a crucial mechanism that connects biospheric values (BV) to personal norms, which builds on Value Theory, Identity Theory, and the Norm Activation Model (NAM). Despite the increasing use of the VIP, it remains theoretically understudied with respect to the overlap between the construct, linear causal assumptions, uncertainty surrounding personal norms, and limited consideration of contextual constraints. This paper proposes a theoretical repositioning of the VIP model by rigorously examining its underlying presumptions and internal logic. This research shows how these issues highlight the fundamental tensions in the conceptualisation and relationship among values, identity, and personal norms, rather than treating them as mere constraints. This paper also offers a more coherent and flexible understanding of the VIP model by clarifying construct boundaries, re-examining the causal role of identity and personal norms, and emphasising the need to accept conceptual effects. By doing so, it improves the model’s theoretical coherence and broadens its applicability across diverse contexts of pro-environmental research.
Sarah O. Namoco, Ed.D., Valery Joy C. Benedictos
In the context of 21st-century learning, Information, Media, and Technology (IMT) literacy is critical for equipping students with the skills required for academic and workplace success. This quasi-experimental study investigated the effectiveness of a quest-based gamification strategy in improving the academic performance, hands-on ICT skills, and IMT literacy of Senior High School (SHS) students in the Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) strand. Two intact Grade 11 classes from a rural public high school in the Northern Mindanao, Philippines participated in the eight-week intervention: one receiving conventional instruction (control) and the other undergoing gamified lessons (experimental). Pre- and post-test measures were conducted using validated instruments on IMT skills, a teacher-made academic test, and a performance-based rubric. Descriptive statistics revealed higher mean scores across all constructs for the experimental group. Paired-samples t-tests showed statistically significant improvements within the experimental group, while independent-samples t-tests indicated significant differences favoring the experimental group in all post-test outcomes. These results suggest that the integration of gamification elements—such as narrative quests, performance rewards, and collaborative challenges—fostered greater student engagement and mastery of content. Anchored in the theory of gamified learning and aligned with the P21 Framework for 21st-century skills, this study affirms that gamification can be an effective pedagogical strategy to close skill gaps in digital literacy and enhance authentic learning outcomes. Recommendations include incorporating gamification in ICT curricula, conducting INSET training for teachers, and expanding future studies to include qualitative data and learners from other strands.
Liyana Abdul Ghafar, Norah Md Noor
The purpose of this research is to see the effects of Gamification Learning Environment (GLE) developed towards students’ performance, motivation and the Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) strategies used in learning Arabic vocabulary; and the correlations between motivations, SRL strategies and performance. A quasi-experimental design was employed involving 55 secondary school students from one of the districts in Malaysia. Two online learning environments were developed: a gamified version for the experimental group and a non-gamified version for the control group. Pre and post tests were conducted prior and after the students learning in the online environment for three (3) weeks using Arabic vocabulary test and adapted Motivated Self-regulated Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). The results indicated that although there was no statistically significant overall difference in performance gains between the two groups, students in the gamified group who initially had lower vocabulary scores demonstrated greater improvement compared to their counterparts. In addition, a strong positive correlation was found between post-intervention motivation and SRL strategies in the experimental group (r = .745, p < .001), as well as between changes in motivation and changes in SRL strategies (r = .638, p < .001). However, no significant correlations were observed between motivation or SRL strategies and vocabulary performance in either group. Overall, the findings suggest that while the GLE did not function as a universal performance enhancer, it was particularly effective in supporting lower-performing students and in strengthening the relationship between motivation and self-regulated learning strategies.
Nazurah Izzati Haji Yazid, Nurshasha Shakirah Binti Mohd Hisham
Vocabulary acquisition serves as a critical foundation for target language proficiency development (Suziana & Nur Ameera, 2022). This study examines vocabulary acquisition in French as a Foreign Language (FFL) through Duolingo, a gamification-based mobile learning platform. Despite extensive research on Duolingo's pedagogical effectiveness, limited attention has been given to vocabulary retention and the practical application of learned lexical items in authentic communicative contexts. This quantitative investigation analyzes the vocabulary retention and mobilization capacity of A1 to B1 level learners using Duolingo, based on Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) criteria. Data collection comprised structured questionnaires assessing usage patterns and learner perceptions, complemented by CEFR-aligned vocabulary assessments. Results demonstrate that Duolingo effectively supports vocabulary acquisition, particularly of high-frequency everyday lexicon. A significant majority of participants reported transferring learned vocabulary to contexts beyond the application, including written coursework and classroom interactions. However, findings reveal a methodological limitation: the study primarily evaluates written vocabulary recognition without measuring oral production or spontaneous conversational competence. This research addresses a critical gap in the literature on technology-enhanced vocabulary learning while establishing groundwork for future investigations into the transfer of digitally-acquired vocabulary to oral proficiency and real-time communicative competence in French. Implications for computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and FFL pedagogy are discussed.
Irene Estrada, Liwayway S. Viloria, Marph Daryl Porras, Myrma Jean Mendoza, Sulpecia L. Ponce
This article adapted the Gender and Development framework embodied in the Philippine Plan for Gender Responsive Development (PPGRD) 1995 – 2025. PPGRD envisions promoting gender empowerment and equality by addressing the needs and issues of marginalized women at the basic administrative local government units through representation and a legislated gender budget. With more than 2 decades since PPGRD was passed, the pressing need in this study was to determine how gender mainstreaming and GAD Budget Policy (GBP) compliance had fared in the southern part of the country, specifically in the city of Iligan, and within its most basic administrative units, the barangays. This article focuses on the GAD Budget Policy, a vital component of GAD, to determine gender budget compliance at the barangay level, specifically in the 15 barangays of Iligan City. The study, conducted from 2016 to 2017, used Key Informant Interviews and reviewed national and local GAD ordinances and documents.
Koxwell Kaba Tiire
The purpose of this study was to explore gender and outcomes of forgiveness education in relation to anger and depression among students in senior high schools in the Yendi Municipality, Ghana. The quasiexperimental design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was made up of students in Yendi Senior High School and Dagbon State Senior High Technical School in the Yendi Municipality. A total of 40 students were involved in the study. Specifically, 20 students each were in the experimental group and the control group. Data were collected using a questionnaire made up of the Level of Anger Scale and Beck’s Depression Inventory. Data were analysed using Analysis of Covariance. The results showed that there was no gender difference in the effect of forgiveness education on anger and depression among the participants. It was recommended that in providing psychological assistance to students with anger and depression, school counsellors should not consider gender as a barrier. This can help them assist both male and female students.
Jamunahrani Rajagopal, Logaiswari Indiran
Green entrepreneurship plays an increasingly important role in advancing sustainable development; however, empirical evidence on gender differences in green entrepreneurial intention remains limited. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study investigates how gender influences green entrepreneurial intention through the mediating effects of attitude toward green entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control. By addressing this gap, the study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of gendered decision-making processes in sustainable entrepreneurship. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, survey data were collected from 317 undergraduate students and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS- SEM), incorporating mediation and multi-group analyses. The findings reveal that gender does not exert a direct effect on green entrepreneurial intention but operates indirectly through psychological antecedents. Both attitude toward green entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control significantly and positively influence intention. Notably, the attitudinal pathway is stronger among female students, indicating that value-driven and pro- environmental considerations play a more salient role in shaping their entrepreneurial intentions, whereas perceived behavioral control demonstrates a comparable influence across genders. The study extends the Theory of Planned Behavior by empirically demonstrating gender-specific mediation mechanisms in the formation of green entrepreneurial intention. From a practical perspective, the results underscore the importance of gender- sensitive educational and policy interventions that strengthen positive attitudes toward green entrepreneurship while enhancing perceived behavioral control to support broader participation in sustainable entrepreneurial activities.
Emiefel M. Tayabas
Physics anxiety remains a persistent affective barrier in secondary science education, yet empirical evidence from developing-country contexts remains limited. This study examined the level of physics anxiety, coping mechanisms, gender differences, and the relationship between anxiety and coping among 120 Grade 10 students (60 males, 60 females) using a quantitative descriptive–comparative and correlational design. Results indicated a moderate overall level of physics anxiety (M = 3.20), with emotional anxiety emerging as the most pronounced dimension across genders. Independent-samples t-tests revealed no statistically significant gender differences in anxiety levels (p > .05). Students reported frequent use of problem-focused coping strategies (M = 3.56) and emotion-focused coping strategies (M = 3.55), while avoidance coping was used less frequently. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a statistically significant but moderate positive association between physics anxiety and coping mechanisms (r = .368, p < .001), indicating increased coping efforts in response to heightened anxiety without implying coping effectiveness. The findings highlight the centrality of emotional responses in physics learning and underscore the need for instructional practices that address affective regulation alongside cognitive support
Bakari Issa, Norbert Ngowi, Theobald Frank Theodory
Gender disparity in environmental management remains a persistent challenge in Tanzania, where women continue to face barriers to accessing natural resources and participating in environmental decision-making. This study aimed to assess the impact of Tanzania’s Environmental Management Policy (EMP) on women’s empowerment and environmental sustainability. A mixed-methods research design was employed, involving survey data from 100 women across selected rural and urban communities in Tanzania, as well as interviews with 10 key stakeholders, including policymakers, environmental officers, community leaders and activists. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine trends in resource access, participation, awareness and economic benefits, while qualitative responses were examined using thematic analysis to capture lived experiences and perceptions regarding EMP implementation. The results show that the EMP has contributed to improved access to natural resources, enhanced environmental awareness and increased community engagement, with many women reporting greater involvement in conservation initiatives. However, findings also reveal persistent gaps in decision-making participation, uneven regional implementation and limited economic benefits for a portion of women, indicating that policy outcomes are not uniformly experienced across all communities. While the EMP demonstrates measurable progress toward gender-responsive environmental governance, challenges linked to socio-cultural norms, limited capacitybuilding and regional disparities continue to hinder its full effectiveness. The study recommends strengthening localized policy implementation, scaling up capacity-building programs, improving women’s representation in environmental governance structures and establishing stronger monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. These interventions are essential to enhance the EMP’s capacity to simultaneously advance women’s empowerment and environmental sustainability.
Damaris Agyeiwaa, Yaw Boakye Agyeman
Ecotourism is recognized for its capacity to empower local communities and promote sustainable development, yielding positive environmental, social, and economic outcomes. In traditional societies, men and women encounter distinct opportunities and challenges that influence their participation in ecotourism. Despite increased attention to ecotourism's effects, there is limited studies investigating how these impacts shape gendered perceptions of empowerment. This study addresses this gap by analyzing gendered perceptions of ecotourism empowerment and their influence on local action and willingness to participate in such local action in the Abono community at Lake Bosomtwe, Ghana. The results show that both men and women highly value psychological and environmental empowerment, indicating a shared sense of confidence and environmental stewardship. While women prioritized social empowerment and men emphasized economic empowerment, these differences were not statistically significant. Both genders rated political and cultural empowerment lowest, suggesting that ecotourism has a limited impact on local governance and cultural identity. The lack of significant gender differences in empowerment components indicates that men and women in Abono benefit similarly from ecotourism. These findings highlight the potential of ecotourism to promote gender-equitable empowerment and emphasize the importance of inclusive policies in community-based tourism development.
Chuah Hui Yi, Nur Nadira Binti Mohammad Bashir
The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in advertising has intensified scholarly debate regarding the effectiveness of AI-generated versus human-generated copywriting. This study examines how Malaysian Generation Z consumers perceive AI- and human-generated advertising copy in terms of emotional engagement, perceived trustworthiness, and information quality, and how these perceptions influence purchase intention for Maggi products. A qualitative research design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with six Malaysian Generation Z participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis supported by NVivo software.The findings indicate that Generation Z consumers demonstrate a stronger preference for AI-generated copy, particularly in relation to emotional engagement and perceived information quality. AI-generated copy was perceived as emotionally resonant due to its alignment with relatable everyday experiences, while also being clearer, more concise, and more informative. Trust was attributed to both AI- and human-generated copy when messages were perceived as authentic, realistic, and aligned with a familiar brand. Importantly, AI-generated copy exerted a stronger influence on purchase intention, driven by its emotional appeal and practical informational value, which enhanced consumer confidence. This study contributes to advertising and copywriting scholarship by offering empirical insights into Generation Z responses to AI-driven advertising within the Malaysian fast-moving consumer goods context, with implications for strategic advertising practice.
Dr A. Zakiuddin Ahmed, Dr T. Aasif Ahmed, Dr. A. Noorul Ameen
Generation Z has emerged as a dominant and influential consumer group, reshaping contemporary markets through its distinctive thinking patterns, digital orientation, and value-driven decision-making. Understanding how this generation thinks, perceives, and interprets the mental states of others is crucial for decoding their consumption behaviour. Unlike previous generations, Generation-Z consumers’ exhibit rapid cognitive processing, heightened social awareness, and strong sensitivity to authenticity, ethics, and social identity, making the forecasting of their tastes and preferences a complex and challenging task. This study aims to explore the thinking patterns of Generation-Z consumers and examine how these cognitive orientations influence their purchasing behaviour. By analysing their behavioural tendencies, preferences, and decision-making processes, the study attempts to provide insights into the evolving consumer mind-set of Generation Z. The findings of this research study are expected to offer valuable implications for entrepreneurs, marketers, and policymakers by enabling them to design more effective, consumer-centric strategies that align with the expectations and values of Generation-Z consumers.
Adaeze Nwanegbo
This study examined how the Russia–Ukraine conflict has affected the financial performance of FTSE 350 manufacturing firms. It focuses on four key areas: supply chain resilience, energy price volatility, currency exchange rate fluctuations and changes in government policy. The conflict has created major disruptions in global markets, leading to higher operational costs, reduced stability and a decline in investor confidence. A review of existing literature provides the conceptual and theoretical grounding for understanding these impacts, particularly through the Resource-Based View, which highlights the importance of firm capabilities in responding to geopolitical uncertainty. The study adopts a positivist approach and uses secondary quantitative data from financial statements covering the years 2021 to 2024. Financial ratios such as debt level, gross profit margin, return on assets and sustainable finance indicators were analysed to measure changes in performance before and during the conflict. A t-test was used to determine whether the observed changes were statistically significant. The results show varied outcomes across firms. Some companies improved profitability and asset utilisation, while others experienced increased debt exposure, lower margins and weaker sustainability scores. Firms heavily dependent on energy or international trade were particularly affected by market volatility and currency movements. The study concludes that geopolitical instability has increased both operational and financial risks for FTSE 350 manufacturing firms. Companies that diversified supply chains, strengthened risk management systems and adopted sustainability-focused strategies were better positioned to manage these challenges. The findings highlight the importance of resilience-building, sustainable finance integration and proactive risk mitigation. Recommendations are provided for firms, policymakers and researchers. Future studies are encouraged to combine quantitative data with qualitative insights to deepen understanding of how companies navigate periods of geopolitical disruption.
Moushakhi Ray
The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) was a temporal phenomenon of intense turmoil in international financial markets and banking systems, spanning from mid-2007 to early 2009. The crisis was sparked by the collapse of the U.S. housing bubble and the massive failure of subprime mortgage loans. Due to the extensive interconnections of the global financial system, it rapidly spread beyond the United States, resulting in a worldwide economic meltdown that had lasting impacts on economies, employment, and financial regulations. In this background, this paper presents a theoretical framework to study the significant role of foreign direct investment and export in limiting the impact of global financial crisis. The study further reinforces its theoretical findings through comprehensive empirical investigation of the crisis-impacted economies. The theoretical model is based on Cobb-Douglas function with market capitalization of listed domestic companies as dependent variable and foreign direct investment and competition-augmented export as independent variables. The findings of the study strongly determine the positive influence of FDI and export on financial crisis. However, the theoretical framework in the present paper also helps in determining the critical values of FDI and export at which global financial crisis is minimized. The paper thus provides directions for reviving the economies from the grips of financial distress by adopting FDI and export driven policies.
Dr Sefoko Ramoshaba
Colonial Christianity has brought misery to the lives of Africans and the people of the Global South. It brought colonisers and imperialists who oppressed, killed, stole the land and the precious minerals of the Africans and the people of the Global South. Christianity was used as a tool of oppression and racial discrimination on the Global and African land. They came to the people’s land with Christianity to save the barbarians from Africa and the global South. This kind of Christianity must be rejected with the contempt it deserves, as it promotes blasphemy of theft, oppression, and poverty of people who are non-white from Africa and the Global South. Christianity must give power and peace to Christians irrespective of their gender, creed, sexual orientation, colour of the skin and the land of origin. It must be the equal answers to their prayers for a prosperous and peaceful life on equal footing.
Kamarul Azman Khamis, Mohd Kasturi Nor Abd Aziz, Nor Syamimi Mohamed Adnan, Nurul Azli Adzame, Syed Muhamad Shahril Syed Jaafar
This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research trends on governance and risk issues of foreign contractors in developing countries, an area that has gained increasing scholarly attention due to the expansion of cross-border construction and infrastructure projects. Foreign contractors operating in developing economies face complex governance challenges, regulatory uncertainties, and heightened risk exposure; however, existing studies remain fragmented across disciplines and regions, limiting a holistic understanding of the field. To address this gap, this study systematically maps the intellectual structure, publication patterns, thematic evolution, and international collaboration networks related to governance and risk issues in foreign contractor research. Data were collected using the Scopus advanced search engine, applying the keyword foreign contractor to titles, abstracts, and keywords. After applying inclusion criteria and restricting the analysis to the period between 2010 and 2026, a total of 530 final documents were retained for analysis. Descriptive statistics and publication trend analyses were conducted using the Scopus Analyzer, while data cleaning and harmonization were performed using OpenRefine to ensure consistency in author names, affiliations, and keywords. Bibliometric mapping and visualization were carried out using VOSviewer, enabling the analysis of author keyword co-occurrence and country-level co-authorship networks. The findings reveal a steady growth in research output, with major contributions originating from the United States, Malaysia, China, and the United Kingdom. Keyword co-occurrence analysis highlights core themes related to risk management, project governance, international construction, and infrastructure development, reflecting the multidimensional nature of governance and risk challenges faced by foreign contractors. International collaboration analysis further indicates strong cross-country research networks linking developed and developing economies. Overall, this study contributes to the literature by offering a structured and quantitative overview of global research trends, identifying influential themes and collaboration patterns, and providing a foundation for future research aimed at strengthening governance frameworks and risk management practices for foreign contractors in developing country contexts.
Beatrice Atta Mensah, Isaac Armah, Jeanette Owusu, Kojo Polley-Kwofie, Michael Ofosu Antwi, Peter Agyekum Boateng
Greed and deception continue to undermine organisational integrity and have contributed to some of the most damaging corporate collapses in recent history. Despite extensive governance reforms and regulatory controls, unethical behaviour persists, suggesting deeper moral and cultural roots. This study examines the relationship between greed, deception, and organisational collapse through a Christian theological lens. Adopting a conceptual literature review approach, the paper synthesises recent scholarship in business ethics, organisational behaviour, corporate governance, and theology to analyse how greed and deception become systemic within organisational cultures. The analysis shows that greed operates as disordered desire embedded in incentives and norms, while deception functions as a sustaining mechanism that conceals dysfunction and normalises ethical compromise. The study argues that organisational collapse is best understood as a moral and spiritual breakdown rather than a purely technical failure. It further demonstrates that theological principles such as stewardship, justice, humility, and truth-telling offer practical correctives for ethical renewal. The paper contributes to business ethics by positioning theology as a valuable framework for strengthening organisational resilience and integrity.
Liezel M. Metoda
Sustainable practices in Philippine higher education remain inconsistent despite CHED support for UN SDGs 12 and 13. This study explored green behaviors among 170 Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management students at a state university in Negros Occidental (AY 2023–2024). Using stratified random sampling, data were collected via a validated Likert questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.769) and analyzed with t-tests and ANOVA across involvement, water and energy conservation, and waste management. Students frequently practiced green behaviors, excelling in energy and water conservation but showing minimal club participation. Differences by sex and age were not significant. Findings, grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, suggest a preference for individual action and highlight the need for structured clubs, curriculum integration, reporting systems, and faculty modeling to strengthen sustainability in HEIs.
Bakari Issa
This study examines the relationships between demographic characteristics and knowledge levels regarding green spaces among university students. Using quantitative correlation analysis, we surveyed 88 students from Environmental Management and Health System Management programmes at Mzumbe University, Tanzania. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS to determine correlations between variables including age, gender, academic level, domicile type, and green space awareness indicators. Results revealed significant positive correlations between academic level and green space type identification (r=0.312, p<0.05), access to home green spaces and campus visit frequency (r=0.445, p<0.01), and rural background with conservation awareness (r=0.298, p<0.05). Interestingly, knowledge sources showed varying correlations with engagement levels, with academic courses demonstrating the strongest association with conservation participation (r=0.387, p<0.01). The findings suggest that prior exposure to green environments and educational background significantly influence environmental awareness and engagement behaviors. These insights have important implications for designing targeted environmental education programmes in higher education institutions across developing countries.
Amel BOUSSAIDI, Kaouther KORBI
This research investigates the moderating effect of acceptance of change on the relationship between green transformational leadership and digital innovation capability in the Tunisian public administration. In the context of accelerating digital transformation and sustainability changes, the study examines how leadership styles and employee attitudes influence digital innovation capability in the public sector. Employing a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative data from 280 Ministry of Higher Education and Research employees with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with regional delegates, the findings confirm that green transformational leadership positively impacts digital innovation capability. Moreover, acceptance of change strengthens this relationship and further enhances digital innovation capability. The results underscore the vital interplay between visionary, sustainable leadership and a receptive organizational culture in driving successful digital and ecological transformation. This study addresses a gap in public administration research and provides valuable insights for policymakers and managers seeking to accelerate sustainable digital innovation in the Tunisian context.
Hermit D. Belano, Jade Mark C. Abapo, Lariza T. Ebeo, Mae Jean M. Matulac, Quimby Q. Clavicillas
Instructional supervision has become more developmentally oriented, and coaching focuses on supporting teacher professional growth and instructional improvement. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of instructional leaders and teachers in implementing the GROW Model (Goal, Reality, Options, Way Forward) as a framework for instructional supervision. Anchored in Moustakas' transcendental phenomenological approach, the study investigated how participants perceived and experienced GROW Model based supervision in relation to professional growth, reflective practice, instructional performance and implementation challenges. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with purposively selected instructional leaders and teachers from public schools of Division of Tangub City implementing GROW-based supervision. Phenomenological data analysis involved epoche, horizonalization, thematic clustering, and the development of textural, structural, and composite descriptions. Findings revealed that the GROW Model was experienced as (a) a structured and systematic supervisory process, (b) a shift from evaluative to reflective and collaborative dialogue, (c) a catalyst for professional growth and teacher empowerment, (d) a mechanism for evidence-based instructional decision-making, and (e) a driver of instructional improvement with perceived positive learner engagement. Despite challenges related to time constraints, workload demands, and initial resistance, participants employed adaptive strategies such as flexible scheduling, trust-building, and integration of supervision into existing school structures. These strategies informed the development of transformative Action Plan aimed at sustaining reflective and context-responsive instructional supervision. The study concludes that the GROW Model offers a viable and meaningful framework for strengthening reflective supervision and continuous professional learning across diverse school contexts.
Hero James P. Oligane, John Paul M. Baltar, Judemar Silmar, Minerva C. Zoleta, Rodmel A. Laura, Rodwil James L. Domingo
The escalating demand for automated security solutions has necessitated the evolution of traditional perimeter barriers into active surveillance systems. This study presents the design and implementation of a Smart Fence Intrusion Detection System, a low-cost, embedded solution aimed at mitigating unauthorized access in residential and commercial environments. The proposed system integrates a dual-sensor architecture controlled by an Arduino Uno microcontroller to detect distinct intrusion patterns: an SW-420 Vibration Sensor is utilized to identify structural disturbances associated with climbing, while a Laser Tripwire (Light Dependent Resistor and Laser Diode) monitors for physical breaches such as fence crossing. Upon the validation of an intrusion signal, the system executes a synchronized alert protocol consisting of a local audible deterrent via a 12V Siren and remote user notification through a SIM900A GSM V4.0 Module. A custom power distribution network, regulated by an LM2596S Buck Converter, ensures stable operation across the high-voltage alarm and low-voltage logic subsystems. Experimental results demonstrate that the system effectively differentiates between ambient environmental noise and actual security threats, delivering real-time SMS alerts with minimal latency. This research concludes that the integrated system offers a scalable, reliable, and cost-effective alternative to complex commercial surveillance architectures.
Angel Baluyot, Daisy Rose Guiang, Daniel Ong Jr, Gabrille Marie Frias, Jennylyn Carpina, Jonathan Llarenas, Oscar Ancheta Jr
This study explored the behavioral management practices employed by day care teachers in handling challenging behaviors among young children in San Fernando City, La Union. Using a qualitative phenomenological research design, the study captured the lived experiences of ten day care teachers through semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step thematic analysis to identify common challenges, strategies, and outcomes related to classroom behavior management. Findings revealed that the most common behavioral management challenges included emotional and behavioral dysregulation, attention-seeking behavior, and reduced participation among children. To address these challenges, teachers employed various strategies such as establishing routines, providing early reminders, engaging children through music, storytelling, and group play, modeling positive behavior, and applying fair and consistent discipline through positive reinforcement rather than punishment. The study further found that these strategies led to improved child discipline, including better self-control, increased compliance with classroom rules, and enhanced engagement in learning activities. However, results also highlighted the need for continuous strategy adjustment and ongoing professional training, particularly in managing children with special needs. The study concludes that effective behavioral management in day care classrooms is a dynamic and adaptive process that relies on positive teacher-child relationships, flexibility in strategy use, and continuous professional development. The findings provide valuable insights for educators, administrators, and policymakers in strengthening behavior management practices in early childhood education.
Jephias Matunhu, Patience Matunhu, Precious Matunhu, Viola Matunhu
Zimbabwe is experiencing water challenges especially in rural areas. The study investigated opportunities for harnessing water bodies left behind by open cast miners in Mapanzure community. The study collected qualitative data through interviews, observation and documentary reviews. The findings were that disused mining pits could be utilised for market gardening, bee keeping, tourism and fisheries to support rural industrialisation. However, local community lacked capital and authority to harness the water. The study recommends a business model that is based on the rural industrialisation aspiration of the 2nd National Development Strategy (NDS-2). Water and land rights should be bankable to enable the community to gear development projects.
Al-hussien I. Noor, Jalaisa M. Mamasarogan, Mohammad Abdullah P. Lawanza, Rohanima M. Omar, Usman P. Hadjisocor, Wendel T. Lontua
This study examined the socio-demographic characteristics, psychosocial condition, and access to mental health services among internally displaced adults residing in Sagonsogan Transitory Shelters (n=50). Findings showed that respondents were predominantly female (68%). Married (56%), and in early to mid-adulthood (mean age = 34.52 + 12.04 years old), with universal Muslim affiliation. Economic vulnerability was pronounced, as 56% reported an average monthly household income below 5,000, far below the national minimum basic-needs threshold. Psychosocial assessment indicated generally moderate emotional well-being (mean = 3.62), with moderate levels of stress, sadness or hopelessness (mean = 3.31), alongside relatively strong perceived social support (mean = 3.70) and high perceived safety with the community (mean = 3.94). While 60% of respondents were aware of available mental health services, only 40% has utilized them, despite 82% of service users reporting cultural respectfulness and 84% believing that more adults in the community need counseling. Positive perceptions of counseling were reported by 74% of respondents, and 48% expressed strong willingness to participate in community-base counseling if offered. Key barriers to service access included lack of awareness (60%), stigma or shame (34%), and shortage of trained counselors (32%). Overall, the findings highlight a community experiencing significant economic hardship and moderate psychosocial vulnerability, yet demonstrating resilience, positive attitudes toward mental health services, and readiness for culturally grounded, community-based mental health and psychosocial support interventions.
Hambulo, Farreli, Kaveto, Nathalia, Simuyaba, Eunifridah
This article presents the Home Grown Educational Induction Framework for novice teachers in the Kavango East Region of Namibia. The study was aimed at enhancing professional development and retention by addressing the unique challenges faced by new educators in a culturally rich environment. The paper outlines a comprehensive framework that integrates mentorship, ongoing professional development, and community engagement, specifically tailored to the needs of novice teachers. The primary goal is to facilitate a smooth transition into teaching roles, ensuring that the teachers feel supported and equipped to meet diverse student needs. A systematic needs assessment using qualitative methods, such as focus groups with novice teachers and interviews with school principals, were employed to identify critical challenges such as inadequate resources and lack of mentorship. The Framework incorporated structured mentorship programs that paired novice teachers with experienced educators. Further, culturally relevant professional development workshops, and active community involvement to leverage local knowledge and resources were conducted. Key components of the Framework included personalized mentorship pairings focusing on individual strengths, interactive training sessions for practical applications, and partnerships with local organizations for additional support. By fostering a supportive network, this Framework aims to improve teacher retention and educational outcomes, contributing to a more cohesive and effective educational system in the region.
Faten Norsyuadah Slim, Mahadir Ladisma @ Awis
The goal of this research is to determine the factors that influence internal branding in the promotion of the image of the organisation. The study explored how employees perceived internal branding and how it related to the organisation's image, resulting in the enhancement and positivity of the image of an organisation. This study used a relevant theory and model, namely, Organisation Image Management Theory and an Associative Network Model. This study collected data from 282 employees of a chosen organisation utilising cross-sectional data and quantitative research methodologies. The findings of this study indicate that internal branding can enhance the organisation’s image. The key elements of hiring and retention, reward and recognition, internal communication, and identity congruence all have a big influence on improving the organisation 's image. The study also revealed that the indirect effect of brand knowledge mediates the relationship of internal branding and organisational image. This study will be very useful for employers to understand the value of organisational image in engaging the workforce effectively. This study yields some important and useful suggestions for employers to engage and retain their workforce in the present dynamic work environment. Future researchers are recommended to implement mixed research methods and expand the scope of the study to increase data collection and enhance the accuracy of the study results.
Hussein Ali Abdullah Al-Thulaia, Mohammad Ishaque Husain, Muhammad Kamrul Islam Bhuiyan, Musa Hussien
This article critically examines the trajectory of human rights in Bangladesh from its independence in 1971 to the present through the analytical framework of the five objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿah): protection of religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn), life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), intellect (ḥifẓ al-ʿaql), lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl), and property (ḥifẓ al-māl). Bangladesh has constitutionally enshrined fundamental rights and acceded to major international human rights treaties, including the ICCPR and CEDAW. Nevertheless, a persistent gap remains between formal legal commitments and their practical realization, particularly in areas related to civil liberties, governance, and family law. Adopting a qualitative critical-analytical methodology, this study integrates international human rights law with a maqāṣid-based ethical evaluation in order to assess both normative alignment and practical tensions. Drawing on constitutional texts, international treaties, human rights reports, development indicators, and classical as well as contemporary Islamic jurisprudential sources, the analysis demonstrates that Bangladesh has achieved notable progress in socio-economic domains such as health, education, and poverty reduction. These advancements reflect partial fulfillment of the objectives of protecting life and property. However, enduring challenges remain with respect to freedom of expression, judicial accountability, protection of women and children, and the politicization of legal and security institutions, which undermine the comprehensive realization of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. The article argues that maqāṣid al-sharīʿah provides a coherent and culturally resonant normative framework capable of contextualizing human rights discourse within Muslim-majority societies without rejecting international standards. Rather than serving as a defensive or apologetic construct, the maqāṣid framework functions as an internal ethical criterion for critique, reform, and moral accountability. The study concludes by advocating an integrative maqāṣid-oriented reform paradigm that bridges Islamic ethical objectives and international human rights norms, thereby enhancing both the legitimacy and effectiveness of human rights reforms in Bangladesh and comparable contexts.
Hao Zhang
Workplace mental health issues cost the global economy approximately US$1 trillion annually in lost productivity due to depression and anxiety alone (WHO, 2024). Researchers increasingly frame workplace well-being as a design challenge that integrates human experience with long-term social sustainability, moving beyond traditional management approaches. This study conducts a design-oriented narrative review to explore how emerging technologies—extended reality (XR), gamification, and AI-driven personalization—can support well-being from human-centered and socially sustainable perspectives. Through qualitative content analysis of approximately thirty representative studies, we identify key design affordances and factors influencing sustainable adoption.
Ismail Sanaya Muhammad, Yusuf Musa Malgwi
The rapid growth of cyberattacks, especially Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), has exposed the limitations of conventional Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems often struggle to cope with evolving attack strategies. In recent years, deep learning has provided new opportunities for improving IDS, as it can automatically discover hidden structures in complex data without extensive manual feature engineering. This study develops and evaluates three models, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and a Hybrid CNN-LSTM for intrusion detection using the CIC-DDoS2019 dataset. Preprocessing involved normalization, label encoding, and class balancing using Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). Feature selection was carried out using the information gain algorithm performance, the models were trained and evaluated using key metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score and Area Under the Curve (AUC) to improve model performance. Experimental results shows that CNN achieved an accuracy of 99.94%, while LSTM performed slightly better with 99.96%, the hybrid CNN-LSTM outperformed both with 99.97% accuracy, precision, and recall, confirming that combining CNN’s spatial learning with LSTM’s temporal sequence modeling leads to superior detection. This study highlights the advantage of hybrid deep learning in network security, reducing both false positives and false negatives. It also provides a practical framework for building IDS capable of adapting to modern attack patterns. Future extensions could focus on real-time implementation, multi-class detection of different attack categories, and explainable AI for improved transparency.
Aida Nurshafi Md Shabree, Amirah Khalidah Mohd Faiz, Dania Zulaikha Nazli, Hanafi Haron, Mai Syuhaidah Shamsari, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Muhammad Iman Norhizam, Siti Sarah Sulaiman
Hydropower gained high popularity in Malaysia in the context of the promotion of national decarbonisation and renewable energy sources. Nevertheless, the ongoing development of hydroelectric dams on a large scale has resulted in the development of legal and governance issues, especially where the construction of the dams intersects with land, livelihood and cultural integrity of the Indigenous communities. This paper discusses the socioeconomic and cultural impacts of hydropower dams on Indigenous people through the Malaysian legal lens and with some Canadian and Brazilian experiences, as these countries have more defined norms of Indigenous involvement and protection in resource development. Using a qualitative doctrinal approach, the study examines Malaysian legislative and policy frameworks of developing renewable energy and judicial jurisdiction of acknowledging Indigenous customary rights, such as the Adong Kuwau and Sagong Tasi cases. It is a comparative analysis to evaluate the manner in which Canadian and Brazilian legal systems respond to the responsibilities of consultation, as well as how they respond to the Indigenous land protection and consent-based governance of energy project approvals. The results indicate that the existing regulatory orientation in Malaysia is more focused on development agendas and the provision of little procedural protection that can cause displacement, cultural loss and socioeconomic turmoil in the long run among the affected Indigenous populations. The paper also concludes that the application of the compensation-based frameworks in Malaysia is still inadequate when the hydropower development leads to structural damage to the traditional tenure, cultural heritage and subsistence activities. The study uses lessons learned in other countries to recommend legal and institutional changes to empower Indigenous participatory rights, incorporate the standards of consultation in the governance of energy resources and align hydropower development with the principles of energy justice and sustainable development. The paper will add to the existing body of socio-legal research by elucidating the regulatory gaps in the current hydropower policy in Malaysia and providing a form of reform based on rights-based regulation of renewable energy.
Ancheta, Oscar Jr., April Boy Carpio, Christopher Ivan Ledda, Dyan T. Abulaban, Leah Marie Posadas, Mary Jane Cariño, Nikka Magdato
The purpose of this study is to identify the weaknesses of pre-service teachers and turn them into strengths in the BECED program at DMMMSU MLUC LES. A qualitative method was used in this study, and data were collected through a one-on-one interview guide administered to target participants. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) The pre-service teachers had strengths, which are the lesson planning and preparation, classroom management and rule implementation, responsiveness to feedback and reflective practice, confidence and communication skills, and lastly creativity and innovation in teaching. (2) The pre-service teachers had weaknesses, which are when planning becomes the problem, disorder in environments, untapped potential, time passes, dedication diminished, calm plans, stormy nerves, and lastly, no first move, no progress achieved. (3) The training design can be proposed to address the weaknesses of pre-service teachers, which include classroom management, lesson planning mastery, confidence-building, stress management, professionalism training, teaching strategies and methods, and lastly professionalism and work ethics. These results necessitate training that targets the weaknesses of pre-service teachers. The study used thematic analysis, specifically the Braun and Clarke (2006) method, to examine pre-service teachers' strengths and weaknesses. Braun and Clarke Method (2006) described thematic analysis as a technique for recognizing, examining, and presenting patterns (themes) found within qualitative data. It provides a versatile, straightforward method for assessing significance across a dataset. Data were collected through interviews using a researcher-developed interview guide.
P.K.W.G. Kumudini Weerasinghe, R.D.C Niroshinie
This study investigates the dominant learning styles of students following Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level Chemistry in a Sri Lankan private school context in the aim of supporting differentiated lessons. The objectives of the study are to identify the learning styles of the students, to find the dominant learning style of Advanced Level students, to analyze the distribution of learning styles among Advanced Level Chemistry students and to detect association between individual student and preferred learning style. The study employs survey research design. The sample consists of seventeen students of one Advanced Level Chemistry class of international school selected through purposive sample. Standardized VARK questionnaire data is used as quantitative data collection method. Data is analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi square test in SPSS. The computed percentage values are Visual = 19.35, Auditory = 30.32, Read/Write = 21.29, and Kinesthetic = 29.03. Auditory and kinesthetic learners together represent nearly 60% of the total learning preference. VARK questionnaire results demonstrate that there is no rigid learning style that sticks to a particular child and students exhibit a multimodal learning pattern dominated by auditory and kinesthetic styles. It indicates that students are more responsive toward interactive, discussion oriented, and hands on learning environments. This is because learning styles vary according to the context of learning. The findings of Chi-square statistics of VARK questionnaire data analysis show χ²(128, N = 17) = 136.00, p = 0.298, indicating that students’ learning style preferences are not strongly tied to individual differences, suggesting a balanced representation of VARK modalities within the sample.
Thanabalasingam Krishnamohan
The federal demand of the Federal Party led by Father S.J.V. Chelvanayakam reached its peak at the Vaddukoddai Conference as a demand for self-rule. However, it was abandoned during the Thimpu talks and was later reduced to the recognition of the Northern and Eastern Provinces as the traditional homeland of the Tamils. Under the Indo-Lanka Accord, these two provinces were merged into a single North-Eastern Provincial Council. Subsequently, as per the Supreme Court ruling, they were separated into two distinct provincial councils. Along with this, the powers relating to land and police that were constitutionally granted to the provincial councils have remained unimplemented, resulting in a prolonged deadlock and leading to a mass protest demanding the devolution of those powers. Consequently, the situation has once again arisen where assistance from the Government of India is being sought for this purpose. In such a context, the question or debate as to whether the two provincial councils should be merged and strengthened appears to contradict the political reality. However, it would be more appropriate to argue or discuss that, in addition to the powers already granted through the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, further powers and resources- including those relating to land and police- should be devolved to the provincial councils. To obtain these powers from the central government, cooperation and coordination among the provincial councils are essential. According to Stuart N. Kaufman’s theory of identity politics, the path to ethnic conflict begins with the discourse of one ethnic group opposing another. Such discourses contribute to the formation of hostile and discriminatory identity-based assumptions. When members of an ethnic group feel that their identity or social status is under threat, they are more likely to join people’s movements that engage in reactionary politics. In this context, the minority communities living in the Northern and Eastern Provinces have weaponised their respective identities to protect their existence. Tamil nationalism has gradually transformed itself into identity-based nationalism. Father Chelvanayakam’s discourse of “Tamil-speaking people” has split into two distinct identity politics—of Tamils and Muslims. Even the identity of “Tamil people” itself has become divided between the North and the East. The Tamil people of the Eastern Province, like the Muslims, are establishing and strengthening their own political institutions. The moderate organisations that once nurtured Tamil nationalism by uniting the Tamil people of the North and East are losing their influence in the East. This represents the lived reality and political landscape of the Tamil-speaking people today. Here, Father Chelvanayakam’s dream of a unified “Tamil-speaking people” lies shattered and fragmented.
Mohd Fauzi Abdul Hamid, Shaferul Hafes Sha’ari
Speaking skills constitute one of the main components in mastering the Arabic language and represent a challenge for students in higher education institutions in Malaysia. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of imitation strategies in strengthening Arabic speaking skills among first-year students of the Bachelor of Arabic Language Studies programme at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). This study employs a quasi experimental design involving two groups of students, namely a control group taught using conventional methods and a treatment group taught using a combination of conventional methods and imitation strategies. The research instrument consists of a five-point Likert scale questionnaire measuring students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of this strategy. Descriptive analysis shows that the overall mean score exceeds 4.20, indicating positive student acceptance of imitation strategies in terms of vocabulary improvement, speaking confidence, and listening skills. The discussion of the study relates these findings to cognitive learning theory and social cognitive learning theory, as well as support from recent studies on the use of digital media and gamification in language teaching. This study suggests that imitation strategies should be widely implemented in the Arabic language teaching process and integrated with modern technology to enhance learning effectiveness.
Bermejo Adriana, Bricco Oscar, Garas Silvina, Matilla Victor, Stoehr Rodrigo, Zavala Walther David
This study aimed to compare the academic performance and discriminatory power of questions on oral mucosa and dental tissue development Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs; 2024 cohort) versus Very Short-answer Questions (VSAs; 2025 cohort) formats among first-year dentistry students. Ten identical questions from two cohorts (n =74 each) were analyzed for difficulty (p-index) using chi-square and t-test statistics. Results revealed higher average performance in MCQs (85.08%) than VSAs (79.48%; p=0.292), with significant differences in 3 questions (p<0.05), mostly easy ones (p value >061). We conclude that both formats are suitable for assessing foundational knowledge; however, the MCQ format provides greater reliability, while the VSA format reduces guessing bias
Buba Monday, Daniel Dare Joseph
Digital transformation (DT) has emerged as a critical driver of business competitiveness, particularly for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies like Nigeria. This study investigates the impact of digital transformation on the performance of SMEs in the Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), focusing on operational efficiency, market reach, and financial performance. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 400 SMEs through structured questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships between digital transformation adoption (measured by digital technology use, digital skills, and e-commerce integration) and SME performance metrics. Findings indicate that digital transformation significantly enhances operational efficiency and market reach, with a moderate positive effect on financial performance. However, barriers such as limited funding and digital skills gaps hinder full adoption. The study recommends policy interventions to support digital infrastructure and training for SMEs in Nigeria.
Hassan Saleh, Nur Afiqah Khumairah Abd Karim
This study explores the impact of mobile computing and gamification on teenagers characteristic development and personality. It aims to understand how the use of mobile devices and gamified experiences influences various aspects of teenagers' development, including their cognitive, emotional, social, and academic domains. The study considers the influence of mobile computing and gamification on personality traits such as creativity, curiosity, and risk-taking behavior, as well as their impact on critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and information processing. Additionally, it examines the relationship between mobile computing, gamification, and teenagers' social behavior, online interactions, and digital citizenship. The study also addresses potential risks and challenges associated with these technologies, including cyberbullying, privacy concerns, and excessive screen time. Furthermore, the study explores the role of parental guidance and family dynamics in shaping teenagers' technology use and engagement with gamification. Ethical considerations and implications are also discussed, including privacy, data security, and equity. By providing a comprehensive understanding of the impact of mobile computing and gamification on teenager characteristic development and personality, this study aims to inform strategies for promoting healthy and beneficial technology use among teenagers.
Md. Shahidul Islam, Md. Zia Uddin, Nahid Farzana
This study investigates how the state of inflation in Bangladesh is affected by monetary policy between 2015 and 2024. The main goals of the study have to find out which economic factors are the most important in affecting inflation and how well these devices are applied to preserve price stability in the global economy. This study also aims to understand how the supply of money, credit growth, foreign reserves, and economic development affect the overall inflation rate because inflation is a frequent problem in Bangladesh that affects homes, businesses and long -term economic plans. The study was used to assess several regression analysis and secondary data to assess relations between inflation and several important indicators, such as GDP, M1 (narrow money), M2 (comprehensive funds), reserved funds, pure foreign property (NFA), and domestic credit growth. These indicators were chosen due to the major components of monetary policy and their ability to capture the comprehensive economic environment that contains inflation. One of the most significant insights we have is that the broad money supply and inflation have a positive and favorable relationship. It has the impact of increasing inflation if M2 increases significantly without a comparable increase in goods and services. Considering all, this study supports the hypothesis that monetary policy has an average status on inflation in Bangladesh.
Dr Harikrishnan V P, Dr Midhun P, Mahesh Mohan
Sabarimala Temple and the Lord Ayyappa cult is associated with the culture and traditions of the land of Kerala or the South West strip of the nation, along the western ghats, from time dating back to CE 6th Century to the current times. The temple and the deity are integrated with the land of Kerala irrespective of the religion, caste, creed and the different localities of living. The Lord Ayyappa cult is directly influencing the psychology and physiology of the people across the land at different levels of engagement which will be enumerated in the study below with distinct variables. The aim of the study is to discuss this in detail while is actively forming the thought process of the society which is passively affecting the socio-economic scenario having more influence in the spiritual pursuits of a large mass. This is specifically aiming at the pilgrims who are also called as Ayyappans, Manikantans (Boy Pilgrim), Malikkapuram (Female Pilgrim) and the Guruswami (The pilgrim who as climbed the 18 holysteps, Pathinettam Padi, and has visited the Sabarimala with full 41 days of vrutham (penance), with a minimum of 18 times. There are mentions of many Guruswamis like Kulathinal Ganghadharan Pillai, Aloor Parameshwaran Nair and many more regionally. The study is detailed with the support of review of literature, personal interviews and direct visit to locations of importance. The Ayyappa cult and the annual pilgrimage to the temple is an undisputed cultural trait of the people of the region.
Akinmurele Samuel Oluwadara, Saheed, Zakaree S. (Ph.D)
Small and Medium Scale Agricultural Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in economic development, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas where large-scale industries are limited. However, despite their contributions, SMEs in Kariji, Southern Kaduna, face significant challenges, including inadequate access to financing, poor infrastructure, and regulatory bottlenecks, which hinder their ability to improve household welfare and create sustainable employment. This study seeks to evaluate how agricultural SMEs contribute to income generation, employment opportunities, and economic stability in Kariji, while identifying the barriers that limit their effectiveness. The research adopts a quantitative research design, utilizing structured questionnaires to collect primary data from a sample size of 348 respondents determined using Yamane’s formula. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods, particularly chi-square tests, were employed to analyze the relationship between SME activities and household welfare. The results indicate that while SMEs contribute to financial security, job creation, and food accessibility, their measurable impact on household welfare and employment is not statistically significant at the 5% level. This suggests that while SMEs provide economic benefits, external challenges such as infrastructure deficits, lack of access to credit, and policy inconsistencies limit their transformative impact. The findings underscore the need for policy interventions, including improved financial accessibility, SME-friendly regulations, and infrastructural development, to enhance the sector’s role in sustainable economic growth.
Betty Chieng Shu Wen, Nur Ainil Sulaiman
The persistent digital divide in Malaysia poses a significant challenge to educational equity, particularly for remedial learners residing in rural areas where exposure to the English language is minimal. This study empirically examines the efficacy of ZEP QUIZ, an AI-driven, gamified e-learning platform, in enhancing English vocabulary acquisition and learner engagement among Year 3 remedial students. Situated in a Chinese-medium primary school (SJKC) in the rural district of Dalat, Sarawak, the research addresses the chronic underperformance of students who lack environmental exposure to English. Adopting a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test non-equivalent control group design, 12 remedial learners were purposively selected and matched by baseline proficiency. The Experimental Group (n=6) underwent a six-week intervention using ZEP QUIZ, while the Control Group (n=6) utilized traditional static worksheets. Data were triangulated using a validated Vocabulary Achievement Test (KR-20 = 0.82), a Student Engagement Survey adapted from Fredricks et al. (2004) (Cronbach’s α = 0.79), and semi-structured interviews. Non-parametric statistical analyses revealed that the Experimental Group achieved a statistically significant improvement in vocabulary scores (Z = -2.20, p = .028), with a large effect size (r = 0.63). In contrast, the Control Group showed only marginal gains (p = .046). Furthermore, thematic analysis identified "visual scaffolding," "gamified autonomy," and "safe failure environments" as key drivers of engagement. The findings validate the potential of adaptive AI tools to bridge proficiency gaps in resource-constrained settings, aligning with the aspirations of the Malaysia Education Blueprint (2013-2025).
Kunda Allan Cephas, Ng’ambi Richard, Sinyangwe Maureen Kanchebele
The Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) was introduced in Zambia to enhance learners’ acquisition of practical skills, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities. However, its implementation in Mathematics and Science subjects has presented significant challenges at school level. This study examined the implementation gaps in the CBC for Mathematics and Science subjects in secondary schools in Kabwe District, Zambia. A mixed-methods descriptive research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaires administered to Mathematics and Science teachers, while qualitative data were obtained through interviews with Heads of Department and school administrators. The study focused on teacher preparedness, availability of instructional resources, assessment practices, and alignment between CBC policy expectations and classroom practice. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed limited teacher preparedness, inadequate teaching and learning resources, challenges in competence-based assessment, class size, and inconsistencies in translating CBC policy into effective classroom practice. These gaps hinder the effective implementation of the CBC in Mathematics and Science subjects. The study concludes that targeted professional development, improved resource provision, and clearer curriculum and assessment guidelines are essential to strengthening CBC implementation. The findings provide evidence-based insights to inform teachers, school administrators, and curriculum developers on strategies for improving the implementation of the Competence-Based Curriculum.
Dr. Farzana Nazera, Dr. Mohamed Kaisarul Haq, Rokibul Hasan Chowdhury
Implementing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) strategies effectively continues to be a significant challenge for companies despite increasing regulatory and stakeholder demands. This paper outlines a structured framework for implementing ESG, focusing on governance oversight, stakeholder engagement, risk management, and budgetary alignment. The study shows how established practices in ESG implementation and governance theory can turn ESG commitments into tangible results by using policy design, setting measurable targets, documenting transparently, and planning financially. The research findings emphasize governance as the key enabler that combines environmental and social goals into the company's strategic planning process, thereby ensuring accountability, trust, and long-term business sustainability.
Balbas, Emmery P
This study examined the importance and performance of hotel selection factors among business and leisure travelers in Tarlac City, Philippines, using the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) framework. Data were collected from 350 hotel guests across Department of Tourism (DOT)–accredited and local government–licensed accommodation facilities prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirty-three hotel attributes were grouped into six dimensions: service quality, business facilities, value, room and front desk, food and recreation, and safety and security. Results revealed significant differences in the perceived importance and performance of selected attributes between business and leisure travelers, particularly in business facilities and value. However, all six dimensions were positioned in Quadrant II (“Keep Up the Good Work”) of the IPA grid, indicating high importance and high performance across traveler segments. The findings provide actionable insights for hotel managers in optimizing resource allocation, enhancing service delivery, and developing segment-specific marketing strategies to sustain competitiveness in regional hotel markets
Cindy T. Arellano, Lhenery E. Ombaña, Romel A. Zamora, MAEd
Learner participation and classroom dynamics remain persistent challenges in elementary classrooms, particularly where teacher-centered instruction limits active engagement. This study examined how interactive learning stations influence classroom dynamics and learner participation among forty-five (45) learners from Grades 3 to 6 in a public integrated school in the southern Philippines. Using a mixed-methods descriptive design, data were collected through classroom observations, learner participation rating activities, and semistructured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using weighted mean analysis to determine the effectiveness of various learning stations, while qualitative data were examined through reflexive thematic analysis. Results showed that creative expression, hands-on manipulatives, and movement-based stations were highly effective in improving classroom dynamics and participation. Learners reported increased collaboration, experiential engagement, social interaction, critical thinking, confidence, and motivation. Based on these findings, the study recommends integrating structured, learner-centered stations into regular instruction and supporting teachers through professional development. Future research may explore longitudinal and multi-site applications to validate broader impact. Overall, the study provides context-sensitive insights into how interactive learning environments enhance participation in elementary classrooms
Roger Jr. Agandao
Aquaculture education equips learners with essential skills for personal growth and future careers, yet many continue to struggle with low mastery and poor retention of key concepts, limiting their understanding and overall performance in the subject. This study aimed to address the challenges of low mastery and retention of aquaculture concepts among Grade 7 students by employing the All-Round Bingo. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest nonequivalent group design was utilized, and data were collected through testing. The study involved thirty-eight (38) purposively selected Grade 7 students who were equally divided into two groups. The control group received traditional instruction, while the experimental group engaged in the All-Round Bingo. Mean scores, frequency counts, and paired t-tests were used to analyze students’ levels of mastery and retention. Results showed that the experimental group’s mean score increased from 12.60 in the pretest to 25.40 in the posttest, while the control group improved from 10.50 to 20.30. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in favor of the experimental group (t = −4.91, p = < 0.001), indicating a greater improvement in mastery and retention of aquaculture concepts. These findings suggest that integrating game-based strategies such as All-Round Bingo can help guide teaching strategies, curriculum planning, and instructional practices in aquaculture and science education. It is recommended that the All-Round Bingo be adopted by aquaculture teachers in the Schools Division of Laoag City.
Jennifer M. Montero, EdD, Matt Ranillo S. Paguia
The use of varied teaching strategies in mathematics has been recognized as a promising approach to enhance the teaching and learning process, providing students with meaningful and engaging learning experiences. In line with this, the present study investigated the effectiveness of Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (cLAS) compared to DepEd-provided Self-Learning Modules (SLMs) in improving the mathematical performance of Grade 9 students at Carrascal National High School. The study was motivated by the recent Rapid Mathematics Assessment (RMA) results, which indicated that over 50% of Grade 9 learners were classified as low proficient, highlighting the need for targeted instructional interventions.
Annly Michelle Tommy, Hanafi Haron, Hanna Chieng Leh Tiing, Jessy Leslie Ungon, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani
The realm of biomass energy projects in East Malaysia presents a promising avenue for sustainable energy solutions. However, navigating the intricate landscape of land tenure poses significant challenges to the successful implementation of such projects. This research paper examines the importance of biomass energy, the legal and regulatory framework governing the land tenure in East Malaysia, shedding light on pertinent policies, laws and customary practices that influence land access and ownership rights. Drawing upon case studies, this research paper illustrates real-world examples of land tenure challenges encountered in biomass energy projects across East Malaysia. It discusses issues such as conflicting land claims, inadequate land-use planning, tenure insecurity and socio-economic disparities, which often hinder project development and community engagement. Hence, through a comprehensive legal analysis and examination of conflict resolution strategies, this paper aims to provide insights into promoting sustainable and socially responsible biomass energy development in East Malaysia. To conclude, the abstract underscores the significance of addressing land tenure issues in the realm of biomass energy projects in East Malaysia to ensure their sustainability and positive impact on the environment, economy and society.
Gloria Angelita Tomasowa, Nehemia Damianto Pareang
Inclusivity has emerged as a strategic value in regional development and public sector communication. As place branding expands beyond tourism promotion, documentary films increasingly serve as tools to construct inclusive regional identities. This study analyzes how the “Inclusive Regency” identity is constructed in the documentary Merangkai Makna Inklusivitas di Tana Toraja. Tana Toraja serves as a critical case, as one of the first regions in Indonesia to institutionalize inclusivity through a specific legal framework. Using Jean-Noël Kapferer’s Brand Identity Prism (BIP), this qualitative study primarily employs textual analysis of the documentary’s narrative and visual elements across six identity dimensions: physique, personality, culture, relationship, reflection, and self-image. The analysis is supported by contextual qualitative insights from interviews with filmmakers and community stakeholders to strengthen the interpretation of inclusive identity construction. The findings show that the documentary aligns governmental legal authority (personality) with the lived social realities of vulnerable groups (physique and relationship). Community perspectives further corroborate this construction, particularly in the reflection and self-image dimensions, which reposition citizens from passive policy recipients to active subjects of development. The study concludes that documentary film functions as an effective medium for translating complex public policies into human-centered regional identity narratives and offers practical insights for local governments to develop more participatory and story-based communication strategies.
Aifa Lanica A. Yapit, Daniel P. Ong Jr, Jenielyn C. Caccam, Marissa P. Dadcoes, Mary Grace G. Rabago, Oscar O. Ancheta Jr, Ryan Q. Pasca
This review synthesizes research on gender stereotypes in early childhood and basic education, highlighting their detrimental impacts on children’s activity choices, self perception, confidence, and future opportunities. Studies consistently show that these stereotypes influence classroom practices, teacher expectations, and academic/ professional aspirations, with persistent gaps between policy intent and implementation particularly evident in Philippine public schools where gender and development (GAD) principles are inconsistently integrated into curricula and materials.
Zeba Fatima Research Scholar
Purpose: The objective of this study is to present a conceptual overview of the Indian diaspora, including what it means, who falls into it, what makes it unique, why it is so big, what the government is doing about it, and what needs to be done to ensure its well- being. Design/methodology/approach: To evaluate the many definitions, meanings, types, factors, and effects of diaspora on the nation, this study employed a systematic review of extensive empirical and theoretical literature in his regard. A list of the best journals on diaspora and international migration has been assembled. Subsequently, each document was recognized, scrutinized, and classified to furnish comprehensive knowledge, the necessary information is gathered by browsing the official websites of several countries.
Aini Khalida Muslim, Athirah Mohd Tan, Kok Hao Yuan, Muhamad Izaidi Ishak, Naveed Ahmad, Vimala Govinda Raj
This paper discusses how AI chatbot communication features and AI service agent marketing activities affect customer satisfaction in online car rental websites in Malaysia, as a response to the industry deterioration due to the inability to access customer support, complicated booking processes, and the obsolete systems. Based on the service, quality measurement (SERVQUAL) model, the research is centered on the responsiveness and emotional expression of AI chatbots, the interaction and problem-solving ability of AI service agents, as important factors of customer satisfaction. A cross-sectional research design that was quantitative was adopted, and the data was gathered using an online survey with a convenience sample of 384 Malaysian users above the age of 18 years with prior experience of interacting with AI chatbots on online car rental sites. ANOVA was used to analyse the observed data through SPSS version 27.0. The results indicate that the features of chatbots communication with customers and marketing activities by the AI service agents positively influence customer satisfaction significantly, which is why the combination of an efficient and emotionally responsive AI communication with efficient service interaction and problem-solving is essential. The findings indicate that the properly developed AI chatbots can increase the rate of service and user experience, whereas marketing-oriented AI service agents can further improve customer trust and satisfaction. Future studies are advised to use methodologies of longitudinal studies, use of probability sampling and cross industry or cross-country comparisons. In practice, the research suggests that online car rental services and tourism-related companies should invest in emotionally intelligent and responsive AI chatbot systems with strong AI-assisted service agent abilities that would enhance customer satisfaction and maintain competitiveness.
Dr. Anuradha Sharma, Vanchhit Tangri
The study investigates the influence of compensation on job satisfaction among employees in the solar energy sector of Uttar Pradesh, encompassing both public and private sector companies. A descriptive and analytical research design was employed and data were collected from 120 employees (60 from public and 60 from private sector companies) through a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. Statistical tools such as Cronbach’s Alpha, Correlation Analysis, and Independent Sample t-Test were used to test the reliability, relationships, and differences among variables. The findings revealed a positive relationship between compensation and job satisfaction, indicating that fair and competitive compensation enhances employee job satisfaction levels. However, differences were observed between public and private sector employees regarding their job satisfaction in context to their compensation practices wherein private sector employees reported higher job satisfaction than those of public sector employees The findings emphasize the importance of fair and performance-based compensation practices in enhancing employee satisfaction and retention within the solar energy sector of Uttar Pradesh.
Francis Asare, Owusu Jennifer, Vincent Emmanuel Antwi
The study examined the influence of professional capital on senior high school teachers’ job satisfaction in the Shama District. The study adopted the descriptive cross-sectional survey design within a quantitative research approach. A total population of 86 teachers was studied using the census method. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire adapted from Hargreaves and Fullan’s (2012) and Lester’s (1987). Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (multiple regression analysis) were used to test the hypotheses. Results from the study indicated that teachers perceived themselves as possessing high levels of professional capital, demonstrated through continuous learning, collaboration, and reflective practices. Teachers also reported generally high levels of job satisfaction, particularly in terms of intrinsic motivation, collegial relationships, and autonomy. Furthermore, the findings revealed that professional capital significantly influenced job satisfaction, with decisional capital emerging as the strongest predictor. The study concluded that professional growth, collaboration, and professional trust sustain teachers’ job satisfaction in the Shama District. It was recommended that the Ministry of Education in collaboration with the Ghana Education Service should strengthen institutional support for professional development initiatives, foster collaborative school cultures, and create clear pathways for career progression to enhance teacher satisfaction and retention.
Oparinde, Folasade Odunola
This study investigated the influence of Social Studies curriculum content on youth restiveness and civic responsibility among secondary school students in Southwestern Nigeria, focusing on citizenship education, conflict resolution, national integration, and values education. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was adopted. Data were collected from 930 respondents (30 principals, 300 teachers, and 600 students) selected through multi-stage sampling from Ekiti, Osun, and Oyo States. Quantitative data were gathered using the Social Studies and Youth Restiveness Questionnaire (SSYRQ), while qualitative data were obtained through interviews and classroom observations. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that Social Studies curriculum content significantly predicted civic responsibility (R = .62, R² = .38, p < .05) and had a significant negative relationship with youth restiveness (r = –.55, p < .05). The study concludes that strengthening curriculum content and pedagogical practices in Social Studies is critical for promoting peace, lawfulness, and civic engagement among Nigerian youths.
Allan Jay S. Cajandig, Fretzie S. Alyawan
Mathematics achievement among Indigenous learners is influenced by three factors: socio-demographic background, language competency, and culturally relevant learning experiences. Socioeconomic hardship and Indigenous status are consistently associated with lower mathematical performance and widening achievement gaps. Language proficiency, particularly in the language of instruction, is a key predictor of performance; home language instruction and trilingual evaluations can assist bridge these gaps. Integrating Indigenous culture and knowledge into mathematics education, combined with culturally sensitive pedagogy, boosts Indigenous students' engagement, confidence, and accomplishment. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive, culturally sensitive approaches to promoting equal mathematics outcomes for Indigenous students.
Bryan Lloyd Sillonar, John Mark B. Lazaro, Zairo H. Orpiano, Zyra Jean P. Raotraot
Academic performance is used to measure how well students do in different academic subjects. The study aimed to determine the relationship between the impact of information and communication technology and academic performance of college students. Data were gathered from the 138 college students. This study used a total sampling technique. This study used quantitative non-experimental research through a descriptive correlational design. This study utilized adapted instruments that were thoroughly evaluated for precision and relevance. The statistical tools were mean and Pearson r. Results revealed that Information and communication Technology got a descriptive level of very high which was always manifested while the academic performance got a descriptive level of high which was outstanding. Results revealed that information seeking have better access to a variety of accurate resources, which can enhance their understanding and academic success. The relationship between information and communication technology and academic performance indicated that students that use ICT perform better academically. It facilitates sharing ideas among students and makes learning more enjoyable.
Beatrice Atta Mensah, Isaac Armah, Jeanette Owusu, Kojo Polley-Kwofie, Michael Ofosu Antwi, Peter Agyekum Boateng
Growing environmental pressures have intensified calls for innovation that supports sustainable development, yet innovation itself can also increase consumption and ecological strain. This study examines innovation as stewardship by bringing creation theology into dialogue with sustainable product development. Using a conceptual desk review approach, the paper synthesises scholarly literature on innovation, sustainability, and business development alongside theological and biblical interpretations of creation and stewardship. The analysis shows that sustainable product development is most effective when social and environmental considerations are integrated from the earliest stages of design, material selection, and production. It also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and organisational capabilities in sustaining responsible innovation over time. From a theological perspective, the study argues that innovation reflects human responsibility as stewards of creation and must therefore be guided by restraint, accountability, and care rather than novelty or growth alone. The paper contributes to sustainability and innovation discourse by framing innovation as a moral practice and offering stewardship as a guiding principle for responsible product development and long term ecological wellbeing.
Aisyah Insyirah Amir, Farah Adilah Mohd Fisal, Nabilah Abdullah, Nur Alyaa Liyana Mohamad, Nuraqilah Aznal
Open-book examinations (OBEs) have gained traction in Malaysian higher education as a means to promote higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) and enhance assessment quality, in line with the aspirations of the Malaysian Education Blueprint and Sustainable Development Goal 4. Despite their pedagogical potential, OBEs are often misunderstood and perceived as ineffective, primarily due to challenges in question design, varied student proficiency levels, and limited instructor training. This study explores university instructors’ views and practices regarding OBEs, focusing on their readiness to develop high-quality assessment questions. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight experienced instructors from Malaysian and international institutions. Findings revealed that while most instructors still prefer traditional closed-book examinations, they acknowledged the value of OBEs in encouraging deeper learning and reducing examination misconduct. However, issues such as designing cognitively demanding questions, plagiarism, and marking fatigue persist. Instructors managed to set quality HOTS-based examinations despite having limited formal training due to accumulated years of teaching. However, balancing academic rigor with student preparedness and assessment fairness remains a concern. The study underscores the need for targeted training and institutional support to bridge the gap between the theoretical benefits and the practical implementation of OBEs in higher education assessment.
Michael Oluwatosin Adewumi, Oluwabusayo Odunayo Akinbiola
Nigeria is constantly and increasingly threatened by a wide range of emergencies, such as natural catastrophes, disease outbreaks, road accidents, fires, and civil unrest. The country's youth are especially at risk during these kinds of emergencies, and this risk is made worse by the fact that most people don't know how to respond to them. This position paper advocates for the compulsory and uniform incorporation of age-appropriate emergency preparedness protocols and life-saving competencies into the national curriculum for primary and secondary education in Nigeria. It argues that teaching a child fundamental skills like CPR, how to stop bleeding, how to be safe around fire, how to give basic first aid, and how to be aware of their surroundings is both a strategic and moral necessity. This proactive step will not only create a culture of safety and resilience from an early age, but it will also immediately lower the number of deaths and illnesses that could have been avoided. The study provides a framework for implementation, prioritising practical, experiential instruction over academic understanding. By investing in this educational reform, Nigeria can provide its young people the tools they need to be first responders, make communities stronger, and take a big step towards protecting future generations. This will turn them from potential victims into capable agents of safety and stability. The paper urged the Federal Ministry of Education and other important groups to make this policy a national priority.
Ahmad Fadzli Nizam Abdul Rahman, Hidayah Rahmalan, Mohd Faiz Ibrahim Sawal, Rasyidatul Aqilah Binti Ariff Iskandar, Wan Mohd Ya'akob Wan Bejuri
Adventure tourism has experienced significant growth in recent years, with outdoor recreational activities such as hiking and mountaineering attracting millions of participants worldwide. However, the increasing popularity of trail-based activities has raised concerns about participant safety, environmental sustainability, and the need for personalized experiences that match individual capabilities. Traditional trail recommendation systems often rely on static information and fail to account for dynamic environmental conditions or real-time assessment of user proficiency levels. This paper proposes a thematic review for intelligent trail recommendation that integrates real-time environmental data streams with continuous user proficiency assessment to deliver safe, personalized, and context-aware trail suggestions. The proposed of this study leverages machine learning algorithms, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and semantic data models to process multi-dimensional data including weather conditions, terrain characteristics, trail difficulty metrics, and physiological indicators of user capability. We present a thematic review of existing approaches in trail recommendation systems, environmental data integration, user proficiency modeling, and safety-aware computing. This study reveals that while existing systems address individual components, there is a critical gap in holistic frameworks that seamlessly integrate environmental dynamics with user-specific capabilities. The proposed approach contributes to the advancement of intelligent tourism systems by providing a foundation for safer, more personalized outdoor recreational experiences that adapt to changing conditions and individual user profiles.
Hanafi Haron, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Muhammad Firdaus Saiffuzin, Muhammad Nur Firzani Mohd Fauzil, Nur Alyssa Jasmine Johari, Sofiah Aisyah Mohd Syakir
Building surveyors play a very significant role in assuring the safety of constructions, the integrity of the structure, fire resistance and sustainability. Nevertheless, the absence of a specific Building Surveyor Act in Malaysia has been characterised by inconsistencies in regulations, poor enforcement processes and professional identity. This paper will explore the way regulatory frameworks in Singapore and Australia can be of great value in the reform of Malaysia. In the given research, a comparative legal analysis and doctrinal research approach is used to analyse building surveyor regulations in Malaysia, Singapore and Australia. Laws, regulations and enforcement systems are the primary sources which are examined along with academic literature and case studies to evaluate the usefulness of the existing governance framework. The study notes several essential gaps in the Malaysian regulatory frameworks of building surveyors, such as poor professional recognition, a lack of enforcement authority and poor sustainability integration. By comparison, Singapore and Australia have put in place robust regulatory oversight institutions whereby building surveyors are given independent enforcement power and professional accreditation standardisation. The absence of a centralised licensing body and sustainability enforcement measures in Malaysia is associated with the unequal safety evaluation and the conflict of interests in compliance authorisation. To overcome shortcomings of regulations, Malaysia needs to institute a specific Building Surveyor Act that will offer independent enforcement powers, formalise licensing via a regulatory agency and compel sustainability. The proposed global best practices in Singapore and Australia will enhance the safety of the population, their professional legitimacy and the shift to sustainable construction in Malaysia. This paper highlights the importance of a legislative change to facilitate the effective regulation and formation of the built environment by the building surveyors.
Arunraju Chinnaraju, Kannan Avalurpet Loganathan
The complexity and variability of large-scale global logistics networks demonstrate the inherent limits to the potential of both optimized centralization and automated rules based on the present state of knowledge. Logistics systems today function in decentralized, stochastic and partially observable environments, comprising autonomous, however, dependent upon each other, entities such as trucks, warehouses and transportation hubs. This paper provides an overall theoretical and architectural base for the application of Intelligent Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) as a platform for the development of autonomous logistics and the dynamic optimization of logistics networks in real time. Logistics operations are defined as decentralized decision-making processes and stochastic games, which allow agents to develop adaptive coordination policies, through decentralized execution of policies developed during centralized training. An additional layered MARL structure is described to separate perception, coordination, decision-making and optimization, to ensure the ability to scale, modularize and optimize logistics networks in a stable manner. Graph-based communication, message-passing mechanisms and bandwidth-efficient policy-sharing are used to coordinate the actions among agents; whereas, the stability of learning is addressed using value decomposition, structured credit assignment and reward shaping. Advanced learning strategies including actor-critic methods, proximal policy optimization, meta-learning and continual learning are analyzed for multi-objective optimization of logistics networks over time, cost, energy and carbon footprint constraints. In addition, this paper demonstrates how the proposed framework can be integrated with high-fidelity simulation and multiagent digital twins to safely train and validate policies under realistic disruptions, along with cloud-edge infrastructure and distributed data pipelines to deploy these policies in real time. Additionally, the paper addresses the issues of interoperability between the proposed MARL framework and enterprise supply chain systems, as well as the governance issues related to transparency, accountability and regulatory compliance. Finally, the paper outlines future research directions, combining MARL with graph neural networks, generative models and predictive digital twins to enable scalable, resilient and self-optimizing logistics ecosystems.
Abdulkadir Shehu Adam, Agnes Jepchoge Busienei, Charles Too
Adolescents’ sexual behaviour remains a pressing global concern due to its potential to result in serious health and social consequences. In both developed and developing countries, including Kenya, adolescents face increasing risks associated with early risky sexual behaviour. In Uasin Gishu County, limited research has documented the prevalence of such risky behaviours among secondary school students, with serious implications for their health and academic progress. Guided by Problem Behaviour Theory, this study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed methods design to examine the interaction effect of adolescent gender and parental level of education on adolescent sexual behaviour. The study targeted 27,773 students and 187 teacher-counselors in 187 public secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County. Using Slovene’s formula, a sample of 394 students was selected through stratified random sampling, while 17 teacher-counselors were sampled purposively. Quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire, while qualitative data were gathered through structured interviews. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of parental level of education on adolescent sexual behaviour, F(4, 310) = 18.17, p < .001, η² = .20. However, there was no significant main effect of gender, F(1, 310) = 0.04, p = .842, η² < .001, and no significant interaction between gender and parental education level, F(4, 310) = 0.10, p = .984, η² < .001. The model explained a significant proportion of the variance in adolescent sexual behaviour, F(9, 310) = 8.28, p < .001. Thematic analysis of qualitative data corroborated these findings. Accordingly, the first (H₀₁) and third (H₀₃) null hypotheses were retained, while the second (H₀₂) was rejected at p < .05. These findings highlight the critical role of parental education in influencing adolescent sexual behaviour and suggest that its effect is consistent across genders. The study recommends targeted, parent-focused sexual health interventions that are inclusive and contextually sensitive.
Adelmo Dela Cruz Gonzales Jr.
Teacher job satisfaction significantly influences school effectiveness, student achievement, and overall educational quality. However, research on the role of interpersonal relationships in shaping teacher satisfaction in the Philippine context, particularly in Limay District, are limited. This study examined the relationship between interpersonal relationships and job satisfaction among secondary school teachers during School Year 2024–2025, intending to inform a context-specific supervisory plan. A descriptive correlational research design was employed, and data were collected through a structured survey and analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. Results indicated that positive interpersonal relationships were significantly associated with higher job satisfaction, while conflict, poor communication, and limited emotional support contributed to dissatisfaction. Significant differences in job satisfaction were also observed across teachers’ demographic and professional profiles. Based on these findings, the IMPACT Supervisory Plan was developed, including recognition, wellness, leadership, and community engagement programs designed to enhance teacher well-being, professional growth, and long-term commitment. The study highlights the importance of fostering supportive interpersonal dynamics and provides a practical, theory-informed framework for improving teacher satisfaction and school performance. By addressing a localized research gap and offering actionable recommendations, this research contributes both empirically and practically to educational management in Limay District and similar Philippine contexts.
Ayokunle A Akinmoladun, Essien Sunday Akpan, Olutope Adeniyi Adewole, Wemimo Iyetunde Omoniyi
The rapid expansion of high-rise office developments in Abuja, Nigeria, presents sustainability challenges, necessitating the integration of ‘green’ passive design strategies with ‘smart’ building automation systems to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact. This study investigates the extent, patterns, and determinants of architects’ adoption of these smart green design strategies. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 157 registered architects in Abuja, identified through professional registers, to quantitatively assess their knowledge, perceptions, and specification behaviours. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, reliability tests, and hierarchical regression modelling to test predictors derived from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Diffusion of Innovations, and Institutional Theory. Results reveal a pronounced adoption pattern: near-universal uptake of passive measures (e.g., shading, 92.4%; daylighting, 94.3%) contrasts sharply with limited adoption of integrated smart systems (e.g., advanced BMS, 28.7%; façade integrated PV, 14.6%). While architects reported high perceived usefulness and strong behavioural intentions, regression models indicated that individual cognitive factors were insignificant predictors, explaining negligible variance (R²=0.046). Instead, the findings robustly indicate that adoption is decisively constrained by institutional and market barriers, primarily high initial cost, client resistance, and concerns over maintenance ecosystems. The study concludes that transcending this intention-behaviour gap requires shifting policy focus from individual architects to the institutional environment, recommending targeted interventions in green finance, mandatory performance disclosure, and specialised capacity building to catalyse mainstream adoption.
Ayokunle A Akinmoladun, Olutope Adeniyi Adewole, Wemimo Iyetunde Omoniyi
The Nigerian Correctional Service Act (2019) envisions a rehabilitative system, but the operational realities are defined by overcrowding, underfunding, and systemic inefficiencies. This systematic review explores how sustainability and profitability are integrated in this difficult environment and reconceptualizes what is meant by profit to encompass economic returns and the social value of less recidivism. In a review of 58 studies, the research found that there were critical obstacles such as catastrophic overcrowding, deteriorated infrastructure, and a fundamental disconnect between policy and practise in rehabilitation, which resulted in recidivism rates as high as 75%. Nonetheless, the review also singles out the possible international models such as vocational industries, prison agricultural work, and social enterprises, which provide access to cost reduction, internal revenue streams and effective reintegration of inmates. The main contribution of the study is the original hybrid framework that suggests three synergistic pillars, namely: (1) the establishment of the decongestion base through non-custodial actions; (2) the creation of market-aligned, Sustainable Enterprise Zones of agribusiness, manufacturing and digital services; and, (3) the creation of an integrated circuit of reintegration to secure post release support. The paper finds that the conversion of the Nigeria correctional facilities into a sustainable institution depends on addressing the challenge of governance, establishment of economic value, and development of an indestructible connection with community integration. This study gives a critical roadmap to policymakers and demonstrates the need to conduct pilot studies to empirically test the feasibility and effects of the proposed framework.
Zivanai Mazhambe
IFRS Foundation’s jurisdictional roadmap development tool mandates country jurisdictions to adopt credible sustainability disclosure roadmaps either on a full / partial adoption or based on their country specific jurisdictional sustainability disclosure requirements, incorporating jurisdictional functional outcomes that are aligned with ISSB framework. A solid roadmap foundation premised on Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG), and climate strategy goals aligned with global reporting standards is paramount for credible sustainability roadmaps. The European Union (EU) in attainment of their public policy enhancement disclosures, aligned with the Green deal initiative and EU Taxonomy, launched the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) that adopted the double materiality concept based European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), which are interoperable with the ISSB framework especially on the investor focused financial materiality concept. The African Association of Accountants Generals (AAAG) resolved on the adoption of IPSAS aligned international sustainability reporting standards, that discloses metrics on climate finance budgeting and risks that disclose long term climate liabilities, in edification of risk management inclusivity and public value accountability. An empirical study was adopted focussing on the Pan African Federation Accountants (PAFA) across all the African jurisdictions. The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) framework currently with two sustainability standards (IFRS S1 and IFRS S2), is relatively fast gathering momentum as the most preferred capital providers and investors focussed international sustainability standards baseline. The findings revealed that although PAFA may have unreservedly adopted the full ISSB framework, PAFA members on their own still have the prerogative to adopt one of the five ISSB approved adoption jurisdictional pathway toolkit, and still be compliant. The findings further demonstrated that the ISSB sustainability disclosure integrated roadmaps implementation may be implemented through five (5) main approved pathways. Country jurisdictions should therefore adopt one of these five (5) ISSB sustainability adoption toolkit adoption roadmaps adoptions and not necessarily only consider the wholesome full ISSB framework sustainability adoption option.
Stephen Gorard
True measuring scales behave in the same way as the real-life things that they are measuring. They also permit an estimate of the level of error in making a measurement, through calibration. Where these two characteristics are not present, then a purported measurement is not a true one. Numbering is not the same as measuring. Errors in measurement also propagate in calculations, but without a true measure we cannot tell how. There is no technical or statistical solution to this. When judging the trustworthiness of the findings from a piece of research, the quality of the measurement used is an important criterion. Without this knowledge, research cannot be trusted. Therefore, analyses and the trust placed in them must be based on appropriate judgement.
John T. Gentapanan
This research was about the Knowledge and Acceptability of the Public on Off-The-Grid Living at the City in Central Philippines. Living Off-the-Grid not only means disconnecting to the public electric and water utility system as a result of saving money, but it is a way of life, sustainability, resiliency, preparedness, and a behavior geared for survival. This study aimed to identify the level of knowledge and acceptability of the public about living Off-the-Grid within the city, as well as, the significant relationship between the level of knowledge and acceptability. The study anchored to different theories, self-sufficiency, sustainability, and disaster preparedness. This study was descriptive correlational research. A validated and reliable self-made survey questionnaire utilized to gather the needed data. A total of 400 respondents asked to answer the questionnaires. The result of this study shows that the level of knowledge of the public about Off-the-Grid living in terms of its benefits was knowledgeable, and the level of acceptability of living Off-the-Grid within the city was acceptable. Also, there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the level of acceptability. Therefore, the higher the level of knowledge increases the level of acceptability.
Kasoma Thia, Mohamad Ali Abdullah, Mohd Khairi Lebai Ahmad, Mohd Nasrun Mohd Talib, Saifulazry Mokhtar, Syazani Japkin
Language is a fundamental determinant of effectiveness in Islamic da‘wah, functioning not only as a means of conveying religious messages but also as a strategic instrument that shapes understanding, emotional response, and behavioural change among da‘wah recipients (mad‘u). This paper examines the phenomenon of da‘wah failure resulting from preachers’ inadequate mastery of language, emphasizing that ineffective da‘wah often stems not from weaknesses in religious content but from inappropriate linguistic approaches. Drawing on Qur’anic principles, Prophetic traditions, and relevant empirical studies, the discussion highlights how the use of overly technical terminology, uncontextualized Arabic expressions, harsh or judgmental language, and culturally insensitive communication can create language barriers, distort meaning, and lead to rejection of da‘wah messages. The paper further demonstrates that such linguistic challenges are particularly significant in multicultural, multilingual, and digital contexts, where audiences possess diverse educational, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds. In contrast, effective da‘wah language is grounded in Qur’anic and Prophetic values of wisdom (ḥikmah), gentleness (rifq), clarity, and contextual adaptation. Language that is simple, persuasive, relatable, and culturally responsive is shown to foster trust, enhance comprehension, and strengthen the acceptance of Islamic teachings. In the contemporary era, the study underscores the need for preachers to adapt da‘wah language to modern communication platforms, including digital and social media, to reach younger and global audiences effectively. Ultimately, this paper argues that mastery of da‘wah language is a core competency for preachers and a crucial factor in ensuring that Islamic da‘wah remains relevant, inclusive, and impactful in addressing contemporary societal challenges.
Ioryue Godwin Aondohemba
Nigeria’s multilingual landscape, marked by the coexistence of English, numerous indigenous languages, and Nigerian Pidgin, is shaped by deeply rooted language attitudes and ideologies that influence social interaction, education, identity formation, and national development. This study examines prevailing language attitudes in Nigeria and the ideological frameworks that sustain linguistic hierarchies within the country. Adopting a systematic literature review approach, the study synthesizes existing scholarly works to analyze how historical, colonial, educational, and sociopolitical factors have contributed to the dominance of English and the marginalization of indigenous languages. The findings reveal that English continues to function as the language of power, prestige, and socioeconomic mobility, while indigenous Nigerian languages are largely confined to informal and cultural domains, despite their central role in identity construction and cultural transmission. Nigerian Pidgin, meanwhile, emerges as an important communicative bridge across ethnic and social boundaries. These coexisting attitudes reflect a persistent hierarchy in which languages are valued differently based on perceived economic, political, and symbolic capital. The study further highlights the implications of these ideologies for education, social inclusion, and cultural sustainability, noting that the privileging of English often undermines effective learning and contributes to linguistic exclusion. While recent developments in media and digital spaces suggest a gradual re-evaluation of indigenous languages, dominant ideologies remain largely unchanged. The study concludes that fostering more inclusive and balanced language ideologies is essential for promoting educational equity, preserving linguistic diversity, and strengthening social cohesion in Nigeria.
Hategekimana Aloys
The presence of languages on signage in a given territory indicates their relevance, the attitudes that writers have towards them, and the reasons why they have been chosen for the landscape. This paper thematically analyses the language choice and use on the linguistic landscape of a Teacher Training College (TTC) in Rwanda. It adopted a descriptive research design, guided by Spolsky and Copper's (1991) Model of Language Choice. The target population comprised signposts located in the selected secondary school. Qualitative data were collected using a camera, 9 signposts were purposively selected. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings indicated that the Kinyarwanda language is infrequently utilised in the linguistic milieu of the educational institution. The messages employed in Kinyarwanda are intended to raise awareness among support staff regarding the importance of maintaining cleanliness and orderliness within the school environment. The linguistic landscape of the investigated school also has English-only signage requesting the use of English by students and teachers within the school compound as a language of instruction and medium of international communication. In addition, signposts containing French are translated or coded in English, thus demonstrating that both languages hold equal importance within the school compound. The research revealed the absence of Kiswahili from signposts in the school, despite its status as official language and taught subject in the Teaching Modern Languages Option. This phenomenon may have arisen from a protracted negative attitude among Rwandan citizens towards Kiswahili, or from school leaders who do not possess proficiency in Kiswahili. It recommended that awareness sessions be held with school leaders in Rwanda to emphasise the importance of multilingualism in the country's development. The implementation of multilingualism in Rwanda is contingent upon the cultivation of a positive attitude towards the country's official languages within educational institutions. It is the responsibility of the Ministry of Education to establish a set of guidelines that will enable schools to promote the learning of all languages on signs within the school environment.
Chong Shin, Dilah bin Tuah, Muhammad Jazlan bin Ahmad Khiri, Santrol bin Abdullah
The Lawas District of Sarawak constitutes a borderland region characterised by its distinctive dynamics of language, culture, and identity among the Malay community. Its direct geographical proximity to Brunei Darussalam has fostered long-standing historical, familial, and cultural ties which in turn have shaped local language practices and processes of social identity formation. Although Lawas has attracted scholarly attention in fields such as biodiversity, ecology, and selected social issues, sociolinguistic research examining the interrelationship between language, culture, and identity among the Malay community in this district remains limited. Accordingly, this study seeks to present a preliminary observation of the role of language and culture in shaping Malay identity in the Lawas District. The study addresses a gap in the existing literature by providing locally grounded empirical data within the context of a Bornean Malay borderland community. Theoretically, the study is examined by Fishman’s (1972) Domain Analysis framework which emphasises the role of social domains in shaping language choice. Methodologically, the study adopts an exploratory qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with six informants in Kampung Trusan, Lawas complemented by participant observation and field notes. Preliminary findings indicate that Brunei Malay predominates in informal domains such as family and friendship, while Standard Malay and Sarawak Malay dialects are employed in institutional contexts. From an identity perspective, the Malay community in Lawas continues to align itself strongly with a Brunei Malay identity, a factor that contributes to the maintenance of both language and cultural practices. Further research is recommended to examine intergenerational shifts and transformations in greater depth.
Amanze, Humphrey U, Ibilolia, Briggs, Nwambuko, Temple C
This study investigates the influence of leadership ethics on public trust within Nigeria’s public sector, focusing on the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH), Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), and Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPC Ltd.). It explores how ethical frameworks and organizational/institutional factors moderate this relationship. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the study collected quantitative data through structured questionnaires from 450 respondents across the three MDAs and qualitative data from 15–18 semi-structured interviews with key informants. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation, multiple regression, and ANOVA, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Findings reveal that leadership ethics significantly predicts public trust, with higher integrity, transparency, accountability, and fairness associated with increased stakeholder confidence. Both ethical frameworks and organizational/institutional factors strengthen this relationship, demonstrating that policies, codes of conduct, organizational culture, autonomy, and oversight mechanisms are critical in enhancing public trust. Cross-MDA comparisons show that FMoH exhibits higher levels of ethical leadership and public trust compared to EFCC and NNPC Ltd., reflecting sectoral variations in governance practices. Qualitative insights further illuminate challenges such as political interference, resource limitations, and inconsistent policy enforcement, which undermine ethical practices and trust in some MDAs. The study contributes to theory by integrating Ethical Leadership Theory and Institutional Theory in the Nigerian context and offers practical recommendations for improving leadership ethics, institutional structures, and public confidence. The findings underscore the importance of ethical governance as a determinant of public sector credibility and effective service delivery in Nigeria.
Anis Syuhada Mat Yusoff, Tengku Fatimah Muliana Tengku Muda
Leadership within the family constitutes a foundational element in ensuring stability, harmony, and overall wellbeing. In Islamic family law and Qur’anic discourse, leadership is not merely associated with authority or decision-making power, but is intrinsically linked to responsibility, accountability, and ethical conduct. This article examines the concept of leadership of husbands and wives in shaping a prosperous and well-beingoriented family from a Qur’anic perspective. A qualitative research approach was adopted in this study, employing content analysis of primary sources, namely relevant Qur’anic verses and Hadiths, alongside secondary sources including classical and contemporary scholarly interpretations. The method involved systematic identification, categorisation, and thematic analysis of texts to explore the roles and responsibilities assigned to both spouses within the framework of Islamic family law. The discussion highlights the complementary and cooperative nature of husband and wife leadership, showing that the husband’s role encompasses responsibility for provision, guidance, and protection, while the wife’s role emphasizes support, care, obedience, and the safeguarding of family dignity. Both roles are interdependent, and their proper execution, guided by Qur’anic principles and ethical conduct, contributes to harmony, resilience, and emotional stability within the household. The study concludes that family well-being can only be realised through mutual collaboration, faith-based ethical leadership, and the fulfilment of divinely ordained responsibilities by both spouses.
Bram Noor Amira Binti Noordin, Maslawati Mohamad
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into language education has significantly transformed vocabulary learning by promoting interactive, adaptive, and personalized learning experiences. Among the various AI-driven tools, ChatGPT has garnered increasing attention for its potential to enhance vocabulary acquisition in English as a Second Language (ESL) contexts. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) synthesizes empirical studies that investigate learners’ perceptions of ChatGPT’s interactive features in vocabulary enhancement across primary, secondary, and tertiary educational settings. Overall, findings suggest that learners perceive ChatGPT as an engaging and motivating tool that facilitates vocabulary retention and active language use. However, recurring concerns are highlighted, including content repetitiveness, learner overreliance on AI-generated responses, and occasional inaccuracies. The review is framed within cognitive processing theories, specifically Bottom-Up, Top-Down, and Interactive approaches, to examine how learners process and engage with AI-mediated vocabulary input. Furthermore, it explores pedagogical frameworks for effectively integrating AI in ESL classrooms, with emphasis on accessibility, learner autonomy, and adaptive learning practices to support vocabulary enhancement.
Daneca Sibulo Noora, Lyn May S. Alpapara, Mark Allen O. Estipona, Ulysses B. Espartinez
The proposed research is a descriptive study involving an analysis of the learning styles, study habits, choice of learning modality among students of Mechanical Engineering school at Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology (BISCAST) and to propose a policy that address these differneces. The quantitative descriptive design was employed to collect the data which was collected using a structured questionnaire used on students of various year levels. The results show consistency in developmental trends by the students as they go through the program. Reflection, sensing, visual, and sequential learning preferences with a higher preference of face to face teaching and relatively weak study habits are typical of first-year students. However, the senior students have been found to move towards active, intuitive, global, and verbal learning orientations, as well as more sophisticated self-regulated learning styles of effective time management, strategic review, and sustained problem solving practice. Blended and online learning modalities are also more favored by higher year levels, indicating rising learner autonomy, computer skills and confidence in performing complex academic tasks. The correlation analyses also support the strong positive correlation between the active-intuitive learning styles, effective study habits, and preference to use blended or online modalities. These findings imply that learning preferences and behaviors are not predetermined characteristics but they change based on academic requirements and the exposure to instructions. Thus the researchers, proposes a policy advocates for a developmentally scaffolded instructional approach that aligns learning styles, study skills support, and learning modalities with students’ year-level progression to promote autonomous and flexible learning in the Mechanical Engineering program. This paper highlights the significance of scaffolded pedagogical practices whereby the instructional strategies are matched to the stages of development of students favoring the progressive transfer of guided learning to autonomous, integrative, and flexible learning conditions in engineering education.
Aimi Khairiyah Hamdan, Azlina Abdul Aziz
Vocabulary knowledge plays a crucial role in ESL and EFL learners’ language development; however, vocabulary retention remains a persistent challenge, particularly among primary and secondary school learners in conventional classroom settings. In response to this issue, kinesthetic or movement-based learning strategies have been increasingly explored as an alternative approach to vocabulary instruction. This study presents a systematic literature review of 15 empirical studies published between 2016 and 2024 that examined the effects of kinesthetic learning strategies on vocabulary acquisition and retention among ESL and EFL learners. Guided by PRISMA procedures, the review included peer-reviewed experimental and quasi-experimental studies involving primary and secondary learners, with vocabulary outcomes measured through pre- and post-intervention assessments. The reviewed studies employed strategies such as Total Physical Response, gesture-based learning, movement games, drama-based activities, and selected technology-assisted approaches. Overall, the findings indicate that kinesthetic strategies are associated with improved short-term vocabulary acquisition and, in several studies, enhanced vocabulary retention over time, particularly among young and lower-proficiency learners. In addition, many studies reported increased learner engagement and motivation during vocabulary instruction. This review highlights the potential of kinesthetic learning as an effective pedagogical approach for vocabulary development and provides evidence-based insights for educators seeking to incorporate movement-based strategies into ESL and EFL classrooms.
D C Wijayasekara
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered workplace priorities, emphasizing both the need for continuous learning and employee wellness. This systematic literature review examines the relationship between learningoriented organizational culture and employee wellness practices, with particular reference to manufacturing contexts in Sri Lanka after the pandemic. The review synthesizes global research on organizational learning cultures, workplace wellness, and COVID-19’s impact on work practices to identify themes, research gaps, and implications for Sri Lankan manufacturing organizations. Findings suggest that fostering learning cultures can enhance adaptability and employee engagement, while wellness practices (holistic, psychological, and physical) are increasingly essential for resilience and performance. The study concludes by highlighting the need for contextualized research in Sri Lanka’s manufacturing sector to develop integrated strategies that support learning and wellness simultaneously.
Daniel Khaoya Muyobo, Orodi Mubweka Getrude
Background: Kenya's education system underwent a transformative shift between 2023 and 2025 with the implementation of the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC), marking the transition of Grade 6 learners from primary to junior secondary schools. This transition, embedded within the broader 8-4-4 to 2-6-3-3-3 system reform, emerged as a critical policy juncture characterized by infrastructural deficits, contested implementation frameworks, and multi-stakeholder tensions that threatened educational continuity for approximately 1.4 million learners annually. Objective: This study examines the political economy of Kenya's junior school transition, analyzing how political frameworks shaped implementation pathways, how stakeholder conflicts influenced policy adaptations, and what administrative innovations emerged to manage the crisis. Specifically, it investigates the interplay between national policy directives, county government capacities, teacher union negotiations, and parental advocacy in determining transition outcomes. Methods: Employing a qualitative desktop research design, this study analyzed policy documents, parliamentary debates, media reports, and stakeholder communications from January 2023 to March 2025. Thematic analysis identified patterns in political decision-making, conflict resolution mechanisms, and adaptive administrative strategies across 47 counties. Results: Findings reveal that political contestation initially paralyzed implementation, with infrastructure completion rates at 43% by January 2024. However, adaptive federalism mechanisms, decentralized resource mobilization, and hybrid housing models (primary-based junior schools) enabled 87% learner accommodation by 2025. Teacher employment disputes and curriculum delivery gaps persisted despite administrative innovations. Conclusion: The transition demonstrates how political frameworks can both constrain and enable educational reform. Stakeholder conflicts, while disruptive, catalyzed adaptive governance innovations. The case offers critical lessons for managing large-scale educational transitions in resource-constrained, politically complex environments.
Allan Jay S. Cajandig, Ma. Crizel C. Dela Cruz
This systematic review aims to examine existing research on how differentiated instruction in mathematics classrooms helps develop learners’: critical thinking through problem solving and reasoning, creativity through multiple and open-ended solution paths, collaboration through structured group work and communication through mathematical discussion and explanation. This study looks at how the 4Cs critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication are developed in 21st-century math classrooms through differentiated instruction (DI). In order to identify instructional practices and outcomes related to differentiated mathematics instruction, empirical studies published between 2020 - 2025 were analyzed using a systematic literature review that was guided by the PRISMA framework. Results show that DI strategies like flexible grouping, tiered tasks, and a variety of instructional materials have a positive impact on students' capacity for higher-order thinking, creative problem-solving, teamwork, and mathematical communication. The review emphasizes how differentiated instruction is becoming more and more important in addressing learner diversity and fulfilling the demands of modern mathematics education. Future research and its implications for classroom instruction are examined. The 4Cs critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication are fostered by differentiated instruction (DI) in 21st-century math classrooms between 2020 - 2025, According to this systematic literature review. Twelve studies were examined using PRISMA guidelines, demonstrating the beneficial effects of DI through specialized tactics like technology integration and flexible grouping. Results show increased student involvement and skill development, which has implications for teacher preparation.
Palanisamy Kathir Veloo, Sankar Muniandy, Sarsvathy Terpari @ Thirupathy
The aim of this study is to evaluate the understanding and effectiveness of the Emoji Diagrammatic Approach (EDA) in the teaching and learning of algebra among Form One students in a Malaysian secondary school. A total of 26 students were involved in this action research. Data were collected using pre-tests, post-tests, student feedback forms, and document analysis. Prior to the main study, a pilot test involving five students was conducted to validate and refine the research instruments.The results indicate notable improvements in students’ understanding and engagement in learning algebra through the use of emojis in diagrammatic representations. Quantitative data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software (version 17.0). The findings suggest that the Emoji Diagrammatic Approach not only enhances students’ conceptual understanding but also stimulates interest and logical thinking in algebraic problem-solving. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of thorough teacher preparation, including assessing students’ prior knowledge and carefully planning lesson delivery to ensure the approach is effectively implemented. This approach offers promising potential as an innovative strategy in teaching mathematics, particularly in addressing common difficulties faced by lower secondary students in algebra.
Agripino L. Aparilla, Jr
This study aimed to explore the life stories of former rebels in the second district of Bohol. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: the experiences of the informants as former rebels, the impact of the program of the government on the rebel returnees and the aspirations of the informants to improve their quality of life. Utilized the qualitative method of research employing the descriptive phenomenological approach using an interview guide with an open-ended questions for both individual and focus group discussion in exploring the life stories of the informants as former rebels. There were ten selected former rebels in the second district of Bohol, four of them had been interviewed individually and the remaining six participated in the focus group discussion. I used an interview guide aided with the audio recorder for the basis of transcribing the responses of the participants utilizing the Colaizzi’s method or phenomenological analysis procedure in analyzing the responses of the informants during the conduct of interview. For the positive experiences of the informants as former rebels, emergent themes were created: Freedom and Liberation, Happiness and Contentment. For the negative experiences of the informants as former rebels, themes were created: The Erosion of Educational Integrity, Exploitation and Unfulfilled Promises. For the impact of the program of the government on the rebel returnees the created themes were: Financial Assistance, Family Unity, and Empowerment through Skills and Resources. Lastly, on the aspirations of the informants to improve the quality of their lives, themes were created as follows: Hope for Better Future and Economic Stability, Inclusive Government Support, and Unity and Cooperation for Peace.
Farhana Abu Bakar, Wan Farah Wani Wan Fakhruddin, Wan Nur Asyura Wan Adnan, Yasmin Hanafi Zaid
In the era of digital finance, cryptocurrency investment fraud has become increasingly prevalent and has significantly affected societal well-being. Although various cybersecurity systems and legal frameworks have been established, there is still a lack of studies examining how language is strategically used to deceive victims. Cryptocurrency investment fraud in Malaysia has grown alongside increasing public interest in digital assets. This phenomenon displays consistent linguistic and semiotic patterns that construct false credibility, normalise risk, and prompt immediate action through the “compression” of space–time–value, as described in the proximisation framework. This study analyses fraudulent landing pages and fake support channels using a multimodal discourse approach to identify strategies used to manipulate victims. In addition to contextualising fraudulent discourse, the study incorporates developments in blockchain-based detection science and social media analytics to develop data-driven educational, policy, and enforcement implications, including dynamic early-warning systems, blockchain-based federated learning, and transparent transaction forensics. The findings are expected to contribute to public literacy, the design of preventive interventions, and more effective legal action against cryptocurrency fraud.
Edna B. Nabua, Mark Angelo P. Villena, Mukram J. Abdurahman, Sarah Mae P. Legasa
This study investigated the conceptual understanding and mastery of key chemistry competencies among Grade 11 STEM learners at Pangutaran National High School. Using a descriptive quantitative research design, a diagnostic assessment aligned with the Senior High School Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) was administered to fifty purposively selected participants. The assessment evaluated learners’ proficiency across ten chemistry competencies, including stoichiometry, gas laws, chemical equilibrium, chemical reactions, and chemical representations. Results indicated that the majority of learners exhibited low conceptual understanding, with only one competency classified as mastered, two as nearly mastered, and two as not mastered, corresponding to the least mastered competencies. The highest-performing competency involved representing compounds using chemical formulas and structures (84%), whereas the lowest-performing competency was calculating empirical formulas from percent composition (38%). The overall mean score of 62.07% fell within the least mastered classification, highlighting widespread difficulties in integrating mathematical reasoning, conceptual interpretation, and symbolic representation. These findings are consistent with prior research indicating that learners tend to perform better in representational tasks while struggling with quantitative and abstract concepts. The study underscores the need for conceptually oriented instruction, targeted remediation strategies, and the integration of diagnostic assessment feedback to enhance chemistry learning outcomes and address persistent misconceptions.
Christian Anthony C. Agutaya, Ph.D.
The purpose of the study is to examine the lived experiences of graduate students who are currently involved in their dissertation, thesis, and capstone research advising among select Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the CALABARZON and MIMAROPA Regions in the Philippines. Phenomenological research design was used to explore advising relationships influenced participation of students with institutional research frameworks, emotional health, and academic advancement. The instrument used is an in depth, semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with 9 chosen graduate students selected through purposive sampling. Their experiences with academic direction, autonomy, communication, feedback, and institutional support during the research process were explored. The themes that have emerged from the thematic analysis are academic assistance and advisor guidance, autonomy and supervised independence, communication and feedback methods, and institutional structures and research resources. The results revealed the significance of prompt and helpful feedback as well as culturally sensitive mentorship and open communication between advisors and students in promoting long term research advancement and completion. The said themes were especially noticeable in regional HEIs with high faculty workloads, little funding for research, and the complex administrative needs. To conclude, the study found out that the institutional procedures for responsive and encouraging supervision are just as important to the effective graduate research advising in CALABARZON as well as MIMAROPA as individual faculty competency. This study offers context-sensitive perspectives to support the faculty development programs, institutional policymaking, and the improvement of graduate research supervision practices in Philippine higher education with emphasis on the narratives of the graduate students across dissertations, theses, and capstone projects.
Fitriani, Samel W. Ririhena, Victor Kambuaya
This study investigates the effectiveness of local government policy implementation in Merauke Regency in fostering the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and identifies the internal (government performance and inter-agency coordination) and external (infrastructure access, financing, and community participation) factors that influence it. Adopting a qualitative approach with a case study design, the research provides an in-depth understanding of local public policy dynamics. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with government officials, MSMEs practitioners, business associations, and academics, while secondary data were obtained from policy documents and official reports. Data validity was strengthened through triangulation, and thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo software.
Anggi Muhammad Rifa'i, Daniel Idzwan Darwis, Izzatie Husna Fauzi, M. Shahkhir Mozamir, Najwan Khambari, Norharyati Harum
Assessing Water quality classification has become an important research area as the demand for clean and safe water continues to grow worldwide. In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) has shown great potential in improving how water quality is monitored and analyzed. By using ML models, researchers can process large and complex environmental data more effectively to detect pollution, predict water conditions, and support better management decisions. While many studies have focused on using sensors and data analytics for monitoring, only a few have provided a full review of the different ML methods and their effectiveness in classifying water quality. Therefore, this paper aims to achieve two main goals: (1) to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of existing ML techniques applied in water quality classification, and (2) to identify the main findings, challenges, and future opportunities in this field. Through a careful review and comparison of previous research, this paper hopes to give a clearer overview of how ML contributes to water quality analysis and guide future work in creating more accurate and intelligent systems for real-world environmental applications.
Mulyono, Mulyono
This study explores the application of machine learning (ML) in developing fundraising networks for educational and social foundations in Indonesia, using Yayasan Pendidikan Sosial Dan Dakwah Ulul Albab as a case study. Operating in Malang City and Ponorogo Regency with eight programs requiring approximately IDR 815 million annually, the foundation faces persistent fundraising challenges. Employing a mixed-method approach, we developed an ML-based donor prediction model using Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Neural Network algorithms, simulated with synthetic data (n=5,000) representing Indonesian donor characteristics. Results demonstrate 87.3% accuracy in donor propensity prediction and 82.6% in donation amount forecasting. Qualitative analysis through stakeholder interviews (n=15) revealed implementation barriers including digital literacy gaps and data infrastructure limitations. The proposed ML-Integrated Fundraising Framework (ML-IFF) combines predictive analytics with culturally adapted engagement strategies, projecting 45-60% improvement in fundraising efficiency. This research contributes a contextual ML application framework for Indonesian nonprofit organizations, addressing the intersection of technological innovation and social sector sustainability in emerging markets.
Adesuwa IMAFIDON (PhD), Utiwoma Melanie ADUHOR
The study determined the relationship between management information systems, decision making and business sustainability in Edo State. Correlational survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample of the study comprised 120 staff of selected registered business organizations in Benin City. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The instrument was structured in line with the research questions, using a modified four point rating scale of Strongly Agree, Agree, Strongly Disagree and Disagree. The instrument was validated by three experts and tested for reliability by administering the questionnaire to sixteen respondents then subjected to Cronbach’s alpha statistics which yielded a result of 0.78. The instrument was administered personally and electronically by the researcher with the aid of Google form via WhatsApp, which were retrieved on the spot and electronically respectively. Data collected were analyzed using Mean and Standard Deviation, while the null hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC). Findings revealed that there was significant relationship between the utilization of management information systems in monitoring business transaction and operation, while decision made based on available information ensured that businesses would grow and remain sustainable in the face of fierce competition. Based on the findings, the study therefore, recommended that every business should prioritize establishing a sustainable and viable management information systems and engage in robust decision-making processes to improve their chances of sustainability in an increasingly competitive business environment.
Madauchi, Zichat Monica, Ofili, Ugwudioha, Otiko, Ugochukwu Nnamdi
This study examined the influence of managerial ownership and ownership concentration on financial performance among listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. More insights were given into the way ownership structures influence firm outcome in the sector. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. Secondary data were obtained from the financial statements of the topmost seven oil and gas companies quoted on the Nigerian Exchange Group between 2015 – 2024. Panel regression analysis with fixed effects was adopted while the firm size was controlled by the standard errors to ensure consistency in measurement. The finding from the study indicates that both ownership concentration and managerial ownership have an optimistic and significant impact on financial performance. This study, therefore, concludes that the ownership structure, most especially ownership and managerial ownership plays a vital role in determining the financial performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. These results point to the importance of governance systems that favor successful control as well as support of interest in the sector. The study recommend that regulators and policymakers ought to encourage equal participation of both large investors and mangers, since this might lead to improved performance in the future. Also, there ought to be equal consideration of strategic changes in ownership structure to induce an excellent leadership culture practice, which is really important in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry characterized by strong capital intensity.
Berliani Ardha, Dwi Firmansyah, Rika Yessica Rahma, Yoyoh Hereyah
The rapid development of digital technology and changes in customer behavior have encouraged the hospitality industry to manage customer experience in a more integrated manner across multiple service channels. Today, hotel guests interact not only through face-to-face services but also through digital channels such as websites, social media, and other online communication platforms. This condition requires the implementation of an omnichannel strategy to create a consistent and sustainable customer experience. Omnichannel is a marketing and customer service strategy that integrates various communication channels— such as websites, social media, email, and physical outlets—so that customers can interact with a brand in a consistent and seamless manner. This approach not only focuses on providing multiple channels but also ensures that all channels are interconnected to create a superior customer experience. Through omnichannel, customers can move from one channel to another without losing context. This study aims to analyze how the management of customer experience through omnichannel strategies plays a role in maintaining customer loyalty at The Sultan Hotel Jakarta in 2025. The research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews with hotel management, operational staff directly involved in customer service, and customers who have utilized various hotel service channels. Supporting data were obtained through observation and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive understanding of customer experience management through omnichannel. The results indicate that managing customer experience through the integration of online and offline channels plays a significant role in creating positive customer experiences. Service consistency, ease of access to information, and the hotel’s responsiveness to customer needs and complaints are key factors in fostering customer loyalty. Customers who experience high-quality service tend to show intentions to revisit and recommend the hotel to others. This research is expected to contribute academically to the development of studies on customer experience and omnichannel strategies in the hospitality industry, as well as provide practical insights for hotel management in designing service strategies oriented toward enhancing customer loyalty.
Liu Renzhong, Poh-Chuin Teo
Chinese Fintech firms are increasingly expanding into international markets as domestic growth stabilizes and regulatory conditions evolve. While technological innovation and strong domestic performance provide strategic advantages, international market entry exposes firms to regulatory variability, cultural differences, and heterogeneous consumer expectations. This study focuses on HFG, a Shenzhen-based Fintech and technology solutions provider that delivers integrated digital financial services and is actively expanding its global business portfolio. Within the Malaysian market, HFG seeks to enhance its international service performance by transitioning from a product-centric delivery model toward a customer-oriented service model that aligns with local market needs. This research adopts a context-based systematic diagnostic approach to examine the challenges affecting HFG’s service model performance in Malaysia and to evaluate the effectiveness of two proposed intervention cycles. The study has two primary research objectives. First, to identify key environmental, organizational, and market-related factors that constrain HFG’s international service delivery in the Malaysian Fintech ecosystem. Second, to assess how iterative service model innovations and customer-oriented strategies contribute to improving organizational relevance, competitiveness, and market acceptance. The findings aim to generate practical implications for Fintech firms pursuing international growth, while strengthening the application of intervention-based diagnostic research in global service innovation contexts.
Ahmad Ismail, Mohd Shauqi Saiful Suhardi, Muhammad Firdhaus Zulkifli
This bibliometric study systematically maps the scholarly landscape of Hajj and Muslim pilgrimage management from 2011 to 2025. While the Hajj represents a profound religious obligation for millions of Muslims, its scale presents complex challenges in crowd control, public health, logistics, and governance, yet a comprehensive overview of the academic discourse remains limited. Addressing this gap, we employed a rigorous bibliometric methodology using Scopus as the data source, applying the Boolean query TITLE((managem*) AND (haj* OR pilgrim* OR "mass gathering")) to identify relevant literature. After screening 147 initial records against inclusion criteria: peer-reviewed, English-language journal articles published between 2011 and 2025, we retained a final dataset of 65 articles. Data were cleaned and standardized using OpenRefine, while bibliometric indicators (publication trends, subject areas, country contributions, and citation impact) were extracted using Scopus Analyzer. Thematic and network analyses including co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence were conducted via VOSviewer. Findings reveal a steady increase in research output, peaking in 2022 and 2025 (9 articles each), and highlight strong interdisciplinary engagement across Social Sciences (18 articles), Computer Science (17), Engineering (14), and Medicine (14). Saudi Arabia leads in publication output (21 articles), followed by Indonesia (12) and Malaysia (8). Key thematic clusters include crowd management, digital technologies (e.g., AI, UAVs), public health, sustainability, and religious tourism governance. Highly cited works emphasize emergency response systems and smart solutions for mass gatherings. This study not only charts the intellectual evolution of the field but also identifies emerging trends and research gaps, offering valuable insights for scholars and policymakers committed to enhancing the safety, efficiency, and spiritual integrity of Hajj management in alignment with global standards and Saudi Vision 2030.
Beauna Leigh Ravina C. Javier, Daniel P. Ong Jr, Erika A. Santarromana, Hasmin C. Allagones, John Mark C. Tolentino, Oscar Jr. O. Ancheta, Romela R. Cacabilos
There is a noticeable gap in kindergarten education due to the lack of instructional materials that specifically target fine motor skill development. As a result, many learners are introduced to pencil-and-paper tasks before they are physically ready, which leads to their poor handwriting skills. This study addressed this gap by developing an instructional material designed to develop fine motor skills through manipative play.. The researchers used a descriptive–developmental research design, adopting an Agile development approach that involved iterative planning, design, development, testing, and expert validation. Five evaluators, composed of teachers who specialize in early childhood education, assessed it using the Evaluation Rating Sheet for Print Resources, the LRMDS Educational Soundness Checklist, and an oral question on effective features. The findings determined the level of satisfaction of the material in terms of content, format, presentation, and organization, and accuracy and up-to-datedness, assessed its educational soundness, and identified its effective features. The results showed an overall Very Satisfactory level of satisfaction in terms of content, format, presentation, and organization, and accuracy and up-to-datedness, and a 97.4% educational soundness, interpreted as a Recommended Quality Evaluated material for education. Qualitative feedback from the evaluators and the students’ comments revealed themes highlighting the material’s colorful design, clear visuals, and varied manipulative activities, which substantiated the notion that the material is an effective supplementary resource in developing fine motor skills among kindergarten learners.
H.A.B.W. Hettiarachchi, S.M. Ferdous Azam, Siti Khalidah Binti Md Yusoff
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are considered the backbone of the Economy, survival as a significant source of employment, wealth creation, and poverty alleviation. However, they face challenges for survival as well as the internationalization of businesses. This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the field to identify primary research themes and recommend future directions. Our analysis comprised 336 articles from the Scopus database, published over the period 1980–2023. The researcher identifies the most influential articles and authors based on their citations, publications, and geographical locations. Moreover, the themes, bottlenecks to growth in the literature, and recommended future study options are discussed. Results reveal a significant gap in the literature related to studies in developing countries. Moreover, dynamic capabilities, international entrepreneurship, internationalization Surveys, and developing country analysis are niche themes in this field. The findings of this paper provide significant implications for both the research society and the policymakers. The future research agenda is proposed to investigate capabilities for internationalization of SMEs, international entrepreneurship, and SME digitalization are the most relevant areas to be explored in future research. Future research should employ integrated theoretical frameworks, longitudinal mixed-methods designs, and expanded geographic coverage, including emerging economies.
Hanis Wahed
This study provides a bibliometric assessment of research trends on negligence and the law over the past two decades, offering an empirical overview of how scholarly attention to this foundational area of tort has evolved. Although negligence remains a central pillar of legal liability, existing literature has become increasingly fragmented across jurisdictions and interdisciplinary perspectives, creating a need for an integrated mapping of its intellectual development. To address this gap, data were collected using Scopus advanced searching, yielding a final dataset of 508 publications. The dataset was cleaned and harmonised using OpenRefine to ensure accuracy and consistency, while descriptive statistics and graphical outputs were generated through the Scopus Analyzer. Network structures including co-authorship, keyword cooccurrence, and citation patterns were visualised using VOSviewer to identify thematic clusters, influential contributors, and emerging research fronts. The numerical results reveal notable growth in publication volume, a concentration of contributions from common law jurisdictions, and the emergence of new thematic directions such as patient autonomy, professional accountability, and comparative negligence frameworks. Co-occurrence mapping shows the dominance of core concepts including duty of care, standard of care, causation, and medical negligence, while collaboration analysis highlights relatively modest but increasing international partnerships. Overall, the findings underscore both the doctrinal continuity and conceptual diversification of negligence scholarship, reflecting the field’s responsiveness to evolving social, technological, and regulatory conditions. This study not only consolidates two decades of research but also provides a structured foundation for future inquiry by identifying influential themes, underexplored areas, and opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration.
Anang Martoyo, Dana Santoso Saroso
MSMEs are a key industrial sector in Indonesia in driving national economic growth. However, in some cases, micro-entrepreneurs are often unable to optimize the potential of market attractiveness and their unique resources to leverage their business performance. Therefore, it is necessary to examine and analyze the ability of microentrepreneurs to utilize their markets and resources in creating and implementing marketing strategies. A quantitative associative research method was employed to assess those and the relationship between exogenous and endogenous variables among micro-entrepreneurs who received subsidized bank credit as part of the government incentive program from the Bank of BRI, also known as KUR, in the DKI Jakarta region. The sampling technique employed was a proportional-clustered-random sampling method, with a sample size of 400 respondents. Data were collected through observation, literature review, interviews, and cross-sectional questionnaires, which were analyzed using SEM. The results showed a significant influence of market attractiveness and resources on marketing strategies, both partially and simultaneously. Competition intensity and human resources play a dominant role in formulating marketing strategies. The findings of this study are valuable for assessing the effectiveness of subsidized bank credit absorption in improving the business performance of micro-enterprises.
Athur Malé
This article presents a case study on the effectiveness of EMDR therapy in treating traumatic grief in Cameroon. The patient, aged 29, underwent nineteen sessions following the sudden death of her sister and her infant son. The intervention, based on the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model, targeted the most disturbing memories, particularly an intrusive image related to her sister's death. The results show a significant reduction in emotional distress to a tolerable level. The introduction of a symbolic exercise—writing a letter to the deceased—promoted cognitive and emotional integration, facilitating acceptance of the loss and psychological reorganization. This study highlights the clinical and cultural relevance of EMDR in Cameroon and confirms its potential as a therapeutic tool for complex grief and trauma, even in contexts where mental health remains poorly integrated into healthcare practices.
Kesumawati Abu Bakar, Nor Fariza Mohd Nor, Shazan Khan Omar
This study investigates the impact of a pedagogical intervention on B2-level L2 students’ use of metadiscourse and inferential reasoning in argumentative writing at UiTM Shah Alam. A comparative qualitative design was employed, analysing 40 essays, comprising 20 pre-test and 20 post-test writings. Hyland’s (2005) metadiscourse framework guided the evaluation of textual and interpersonal devices, while Facione’s (1990) inferential reasoning model assessed students’ ability to query evidence, consider alternatives, and draw justified conclusions. Importantly, findings indicate that the intervention enhanced students’ awareness and use of metadiscourse and critical thinking strategies, supporting a transition from personal and descriptive writing to a more disciplined, reader-conscious style. Particularly, the post-test writings demonstrated increased engagement with readers, systematic reasoning, and adherence to academic conventions, reflecting improved argumentative skills. Pedagogically, the study underscores the importance of an explicit instruction in metadiscourse and inferential reasoning for developing critical thinking and academic writing competence. Incorporating such interventions into L2 curriculum can foster students’ ability to construct coherent, persuasive, and academically aligned arguments, contributing to higher-quality learning outcomes and enhancing overall writing proficiency in higher education contexts.
Miriam Afi Kedey
Mining has been a key part of Ghana’s economic growth, bringing in a lot of money for the government, exports, and jobs. But the fast growth of both industrial and artisanal gold mining has caused a lot of pollution in the environment, which is becoming a bigger public health problem. This article analyses the correlation between mining-induced environmental degradation in Ghana and its consequent health risks at the population level, facilitated by various exposure pathways, such as contaminated water sources, the utilisation of mercury and cyanide, soil degradation, air pollution, and modified disease ecologies. Utilising peer-reviewed literature, policy reports, and contemporary empirical evidence, the study reconceptualises mining as a significant social and environmental determinant of health, rather than merely an economic or environmental concern. There is a lot of focus on mercury exposure, water insecurity, health risks at work, and the unfair burden that vulnerable groups like artisanal miners, women, children, and rural communities have to bear. Building on recent environmental assessments of mining impacts in Ghana, this article presents a public health perspective that emphasises how extractive economies transfer health costs to local populations while prioritising immediate economic benefits. The results highlight the pressing necessity to incorporate public health considerations into mining governance, environmental regulation, and development planning in Ghana. If we do not do this, the health costs of extractive economies will keep hurting long-term population health and sustainable development.
Abalaka, Dorcas Eleojo, AZA, Solomon Mamgba, PhD, Lambe, Isaac, PhD
One of the critical challenges affecting the market value of firms in Nigeria is the intricate relationship between corporate governance mechanisms, particularly ownership structures and executive compensation frameworks. This study explores the moderating role of executive compensation in the relationship between employee and Chief Executive Officer ownership and the market value of listed consumer and industrial goods firms in Nigeria. The study population comprises thirty-four (34) consumer and industrial goods firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group as of December 31, 2024. A purposive sampling method was employed to select twenty-six (26) firms with consistent disclosures over fifteen years (2010–2024). Utilizing a longitudinal panel research design, the study applied panel least squares and panel EGLS (random effects) regression analysis using E-Views 12 software. The results indicate that while employee and CEO ownership alone do not have a statistically significant effect on firm market value, their interaction with executive compensation has a positive and significant effect. The study concludes that executive compensation serves as an essential strategic moderator, aligning managerial incentives with shareholder interests, thus enhancing firm market value. The study recommends that boards of listed firms should adopt performance-based compensation schemes and that regulatory bodies enforce stricter disclosure of ownership-incentive alignments to improve market valuations and promote sustainable governance practices in Nigeria's consumer and industrial goods sectors.
Christian ILCUS
This study investigates the design and production of Euro banknotes and coins, focusing on their role in shaping European identity, enhancing security, and promoting sustainability. The aim is to explore how integrating advanced security features with culturally rich narratives can transform the Euro into a symbol of unity and environmental responsibility. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a comprehensive literature review, case studies of successful currency designs from various regions, and qualitative data gathered through surveys and interviews with stakeholders, including central bankers, designers, and the public. Findings indicate that the current design elements of Euro currency significantly influence public perceptions of European identity, with a strong preference for incorporating cultural and historical motifs. Additionally, the study reveals that advanced security features can enhance the durability and trustworthiness of the Euro, while environmentally sustainable materials can be adopted to reduce the ecological footprint of currency production. Overall, the conclusions suggest that a reimagined Euro, which harmonizes design, security, and sustainability, can serve not only as a medium of exchange but also as a powerful vehicle for fostering a shared European identity. This approach has the potential to enhance public trust in the currency and promote a sense of belonging among citizens, ultimately contributing to the broader goals of European unity and environmental stewardship. We recommend to introduce new Eurobills and Eurocoins in two tempi, and to draw lessons from Schweiz and Australia on the material in coins and the security features of the €urobills. Euro cents of Princelings are not the thing. As Europe unites in its history, and geography under the European institutions. ad hocery on security and Schlampig coinage are out. Indeed, there are implications of the changeover for governance of the twin changeover:
Egwurugwu, Doris Chikordi., Isi, Fortune Ihuoma.
Effective staff management is essential for enhancing service delivery in higher-education institutions, particularly as universities increasingly contribute to sustainable development agendas. This study aimed to examine how staff management strategies: specifically, staff motivation, training and development, and performance appraisal, are employed in two public universities in Rivers State and how they influence service delivery outcomes. Adopting a descriptive survey design, the research targeted the staff populations of the Ignatius Ajuru University of Education and the Rivers State University, with a stratified random sample of 400 respondents drawn from across academic, administrative and technical units. Data were collected via a self-structured instrument entitled the Staff Management Strategies and Service Delivery Questionnaire (SMSSDQ) and were analyzed using means, standard deviations and z-test statistics. The findings indicate that all three strategies: staff motivation, training and staff appraisal, had statistically significant positive relationships with service-delivery performance. In particular, higher levels of motivational practices and training programmes and more rigorous appraisal systems were associated with improved service delivery within these institutions. Based on these results, the study recommends that university management consistently implement inclusive, transparent and motivational staff-management practices to bolster service delivery and thereby support the broader goals of sustainable development in the higher-education sector. These insights offer practical implications for policy-makers and university leaders seeking to optimize staff-management frameworks and elevate institutional service performance.
Faizah Mohd Fakhruddin, Nadiah Farhanah Mohamad Farouk, Norkhairen Adzren Shamiela Khairul Adzmi, Nur Farhana Mohd Sharifuddin, Nur Shahirah Mohamad Rosli, Zuratul Ain Rosli
This study explores the key factors influencing online shopping behavior among Malaysian working adults, offering insights into the diverse drivers shaping consumer preferences and decision-making in the growing e-commerce landscape. The study employs a qualitative approach and case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with five working adult informants, three females and two males, chosen using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. The data were coded using NVivo 15 and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings highlight several important themes that influence the informants' online shopping behavior, including social, economic, service- and technology-related, political, and psychological factors. The sub-themes under social factors are family and friends’ influence, endorsements from social media influencers, online consumer reviews, and convenience. The economic factors include promotional and financial incentives, the convenience of payment methods, and cross-platform price comparison. Service- and technology-related factors include fast delivery, responsive customer service, user-friendly interface and navigation, visual information quality, detailed and accurate product descriptions, and loyalty and repeat purchase intentions. The only political factor concerns government support and regulation. Finally, psychological factors include fear-of-missing-out (FOMO)-driven purchases, mood-driven shopping, scarcity- and urgency-driven buying, anticipation and post-purchase emotions, and awareness of online scams. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the complex factors that influence online shopping behavior among working adults in Malaysia. However, the findings are limited by a small sample size, which hinders generalizability. Future research should employ quantitative or mixed-method approaches with larger samples to improve generalizability. Additionally, the study recommends raising consumer awareness and digital literacy to encourage ethical online purchasing and strengthen trust in online platforms.
Zydnee L. Avelino
Teaching is considered one of the most honorable and in-demand professions today. Filipino educators are in high demand worldwide for their teaching competence and work ethics. However, as multicultural Filipino teachers begin the journey of living and teaching abroad, they are confronted with challenges as they navigate the North American classrooms. This study explored the multicultural teaching experiences of Filipino teachers in North America, specifically their descriptions of classroom culture, the cultural barriers they encountered, and how they addressed those barriers. A qualitative research method, specifically the phenomenological research, was employed. Six participants were selected using the snowball sampling technique. The data were gathered using the semi-structured interview guide, wherein the results were treated using descriptive phenomenological analysis. The findings revealed the descriptions of classroom culture in North America based on these seven themes: (1) culturally-responsive teaching and learning approaches, (2) culturally-inclusive instructional methods and strategies, (3) culturally-adaptive classroom management and discipline, (4) empirically-grounded assessment and evaluation, (5) culturally-sensitive curriculum frameworks and educational standards, (6) advanced classroom technologies, and (7) needs-based teacher professional development. The cultural barriers encountered by the participants encompassed four themes: (1) cultural barriers in teaching, (2) variations in learning styles, (3) biases and stereotypes in the classrooms, and (4) lack of parent engagement. More so, the participants do have ways of coping with difficulties reflected on the following themes: (1) utilizing culturally responsive pedagogy, (2) formation of collaborative learning communities, (3) enhancing intercultural communication, (4) strict implementation of school policies and systems, and (4) instituting an inclusive and empowering environment for the students.
Ishmael Ibn Saaka
The study explores the impact of global trade policies on SMEs in the global south, analyzing both the benefits and obstacles they face in evolving the economic landscape on the global level. In today’s world, all aspects of a nation's economy; industries, income levels, service sectors, employment, and living conditions are interconnected with the economies of its trading partners. Global trade policies significantly impact small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries, affecting their growth, market access, and competitiveness. The interdependency of national economies has led to an increase in global trade, investment flow and business cooperation. While free trade offers opportunities for expanded markets and reduced tariffs, it also poses challenges, such as competition from larger multinational corporations and regulatory complexities. Key factors such as tariff structures, non-tariff barriers and trade agreements are examined to understand their implication on SMEs' sustainability and expansion. Using quantitative and content analysis from various documents, findings indicate that favourable trade policies can enhance SME growth, while protectionist measures and policy inconsistency often hinder their ability to compete on a global scale. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive trade policies that balance global economic integration with the unique challenges faced by SMEs in developing nations, particularly in the Global South.
Hong Gong, Jiaqi Wang, Xiugen Wang
The digital transformation of health communication has entered a new epoch characterized by the dominance of algorithmic short-form video platforms such as TikTok and Douyin. This transition from the “search-and-retrieve” logic of Web 1.0 to the “feed-based” passive consumption of Web 3.0 presents a complex paradox: while these platforms democratize access to medical knowledge, they simultaneously amplify misinformation and foster algorithmic echo chambers. This systematic review synthesizes the current state of research based on a dataset of 763 publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Utilizing VOSviewer for bibliometric analysis, we identified five distinct keyword clusters that map the field's intellectual structure: the information ecology of content quality (Green and Blue clusters), the pedagogical potential for empowerment (Yellow and Purple clusters), and the psychological impact on vulnerable audiences (Red cluster). This article provides an in-depth critique of the “double-edged sword” nature of short videos. It critically evaluates the applicability of traditional quality assessment tools (e.g., DISCERN) to multimodal content, analyzes the mechanisms of algorithmic misinformation propagation, and documents the efficacy of “nano-learning” in medical education. Furthermore, it highlights the profound behavioral impacts on adolescents, ranging from “TikTok Tourette’s” to body dysmorphia, with a specific focus on cross-cultural variances between Western and Chinese contexts. The review concludes that while short videos offer unprecedented opportunities for public health intervention, realizing this potential requires a shift from mere content analysis to algorithmic governance and ethical AI integration. Future research must address the critical gaps in longitudinal behavioral studies and the development of native evaluation metrics for vertical video formats.
MBIATEM Franchette Ebot
Following the BBNJ Agreement entry into force on January 17, 2026, the Gulf of Guinea (GoG) has emerged as a critical theatre for testing new global legal standards for marine biodiversity protection. This article analyzes the legal friction between the emergent BBNJ framework and existing regional instruments, specifically the Abidjan Convention. The study explores how the 2026 implementation era creates unprecedented challenges for the Monist and Dualism legal systems of the GoG states, such as cote d’Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria and Sierra Leone who are among the early ratifiers of the BBNJ Agreement, in harmonizing national legislation with high seas obligations regarding Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). It highlights three primary legal challenges of implementing the BBNJ Agreement within the GoG, focusing on Jurisdictional overlaps, implementation gaps and institutional fragmentation. By evaluating the 2025 Yaoundé Declaration, in which eight GoG nations pledged to sustainably manage 100% of their ocean areas by 2030, the article argues that the GoG requires a “Blue Hybrid” legal model. This model must integrate the BBNJ’s global standards with regional security protocols to ensure that marine biodiversity protection is not sidelined by immediate economic and security imperatives. The research concludes with a set of legislative recommendations for the GoG states to navigate in West Africa hinges on resolving the dualism-monist legal disparities that currently hinder treaty ratification and enforcement.
Virgilio Ericson G. Baptista
This study explored the lived experiences of retirable school heads in the Schools Division of Laoag City as they manage curriculum implementation in the final years of their professional service as basis for the development of a conceptual framework. Utilizing a basic phenomenological research design, the study aimed to understand how these veteran leaders navigate the complexities of institutional compliance, global educational standards, and the emotional transition toward retirement. The participants included five (5) purposively selected school heads, aged 55 to 60, predominantly holding the rank of Principal IV in various junior high schools. Data were gathered through in-depth, semi-structured face-to-face interviews using an aid-memoire to capture perceptual, factual, procedural, and experiential aspects of their leadership. The qualitative data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step phenomenological method to extract significant statements, formulate meanings, and identify emergent themes. Findings reveal that retirable school heads perceive their roles as a delicate balancing act between meeting rigorous Department of Education (DepEd) mandates and establishing a professional legacy. Key themes centered on the importance of instructional supervision, the challenge of navigating external policy shifts, and the critical role of mentorship in ensuring curriculum continuity. The study concludes that the "experiential knowledge" of retiring leaders is a vital asset for institutional resilience. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the conceptual framework be adopted to guide young and incoming principals in sustaining curriculum excellence during leadership transitions.
Federico Antich
Third-party settlement proposals—ranging from mediator proposals and judicial settlement conferences to evaluative mediation and technology-enabled recommendations—are now a routine feature of contemporary dispute resolution. Yet these interventions often trigger a recurring legitimacy problem: disputants may comply with a proposal because of formal authority (the legally or institutionally conferred power attached to an office or procedure) while simultaneously doubting the perceived authoritativeness of the proposer (the socially recognized credibility grounded in expertise, integrity, neutrality, and trustworthy motives). This paper argues that the long-term effectiveness of third-party proposals depends less on the mere presence of formal authority and more on whether the proposal is produced and communicated in ways that satisfy procedural justice expectations, thereby generating durable legitimacy. Building on interdisciplinary literature on authority, legitimacy, and procedural justice, and on mediation ethics and emerging governance frameworks for online dispute resolution (ODR), the paper offers (i) a clarified conceptual vocabulary that reduces terminological ambiguity; (ii) a compact framework that explains when proposals are experienced as coercive, paternalistic, or fair; and (iii) practical design principles for practitioners and institutions. These principles focus on role clarity, consent, transparency of reasons, participatory opportunities, safeguards against power imbalance, and contestability—especially where algorithmic tools shape settlement recommendations. The analysis concludes that legitimacy in third-party settlement proposals is best understood as an outcome of aligning formal authority with perceived authoritativeness through procedurally just practices. This alignment improves compliance, perceived fairness, and the sustainability of agreements across both traditional ADR and digitally mediated environments.
Md. Rezaul Karim
Necrophilia, defined sexual attraction to or sexual contact with a human dead body, indicates one of the most serious forms of sexual misconduct. The inherent dignity owed to a human being, which persists beyond life, is basically violated by this act. Despite its severe moral and societal offense, the legal and criminological disposition of necrophilia remains ambiguous in many jurisdictions, including Bangladesh. This article carefully examines the existing legal framework in Bangladesh concerning necrophilia, precisely material deficiencies in statutory provisions arising from the Penal Code, 1860, the oldest criminal law in Bangladesh. After analysis of recent domestic cases recorded and exploring the underlying criminological factors, the study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive legislative and institutional reform to adequately criminalize the act, protect human remains, and align Bangladeshi law with international standards of justice and morality.
Ramlee Mustapha, Sarsvathy Thirupathy
Despite the growing emphasis on sustainability within Malaysia’s education system, students’ understanding and application of green skills remain limited. This study adopted the ADDIE instructional design model, focusing specifically on the needs analysis phase, to examine the necessity of developing a Green Sustainability Module for the lower secondary Design and Technology (D&T) subject. The use of the latest technology has become a necessity in implementing effective and holistic teaching and learning. This has also been emphasized by various previous studies that show that the integration of technology not only enhances the effectiveness of teaching and learning but also stimulates active and meaningful student engagement. In the context of the Design and Technology (D&T) subject, conventional approaches are no longer sufficient to instill a deep understanding of sustainability issues. Therefore, the development of the Green Sustainability Module should be designed with current educational technologies in mind, such as digital simulations, project-based learning (PBL), and interactive multimedia resources that provide an authentic and comprehensive learning experience. A mixed methods approach was employed, involving a questionnaire survey of 231 Form Two students from selected public secondary schools in Selangor, complemented by semi-structured interviews with seven experts from education and industry. Descriptive statistical analysis showed minimal levels of awareness (M = 1.66, SD = 0.607), practice (M = 1.45, SD = 0.543) and attitude (M = 1.61, SD = 0.513) towards environmental skills among learners. Teachers' integration of green skills into their teaching was also minimal (M = 1.57, SD = 0.052). Inferential analysis further indicated a significant difference in students’ green knowledge based on mothers’ educational level (p < 0.05), suggesting the potential influence of socio-economic background. Experts emphasised the urgent need for a structured, project-based, interdisciplinary green module to raise awareness and encourage behavioural change among students. The study therefore concludes that a structured, project based Green Sustainability Module is both necessary and timely to enhance students’ green literacy, promote sustainable practices, and support teachers in integrating sustainability more systematically within D&T education.
Farah Akmar Anor Salim, Shuran Cao
This study examines how digital mediation reshapes the understanding and enactment of authenticity within traditional craftsmanship. Drawing on an interpretive qualitative case study of Peking Opera costume production in China, it explores how artisans and designers negotiate cultural meaning as digital tools become embedded in everyday craft practices. Rather than approaching digitalization as a purely technical intervention, the study conceptualizes it as a cultural process through which authenticity is interpreted, articulated, and sustained in practice.
Jonathan Chitabanta, Wilson L. Phiri
Globally, adolescent pregnancy and parenthood present major obstacles to girls’ educational attainment and future socioeconomic mobility. In sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated six million pregnant and parenting girls are out of school, and in Zambia the re-entry of teenage mothers into formal education remains under-examined. This study explores how teenage mothers in Lusaka District negotiate the dual demands of schooling and motherhood within school and community contexts.
Asmida Ismail, Mohd Khairi Mohamed Nor, Mohd Nazim Abdul Rahman, Shamsul Anuar Shamsudin, Wan Mohd Zailimi Wan Zakaria@Abdullah, Zairulazha Zainal
Computer and online learning are very crucial in training students in colleges and universities as they prepare to enter the workforce tomorrow. The use of computer tools can be expensive. However, enough resources seem to be available for students and educators to use for free. This should be incorporated into the classroom as preparation to perform in the real technical world where these tools may be useful to assist workers in solving technical problems.
K.A.S. Dhammika, M.P.N., Janadari, W.A.D.W.R. Wijesooriya
In highly competitive manufacturing environments, employee-driven innovation has become a critical source of sustainable competitive advantage. Within the Sri Lankan biscuit manufacturing industry, firms face increasing pressure to enhance innovation amid rapid market changes and technological advancement. Grounded in Resource-Based Theory, this study investigates the relationships between Emotional Intelligence (EI), Perceived Organizational Supportiveness (POS), and Innovative Work Behaviour (IWB), while examining the moderating role of Technological Orientation (TO). A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and data were collected from 384 employees representing leading biscuit manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling was employed to test the hypothesis. The findings reveal a strong and positive relationship between EI and IWB, indicating that organizational support mechanisms play an important role in translating emloyees~emotional capabilities into innovative outcomes. However, the moderating effect of technological orientation on the POS-IWB relationship.
Kristine Tresh R. Cagara, Niña Faith N. Armecin, Rhea Jane L. Caynila, Samantha Nicole H. Relacion
The rapid growth of vlogging in Cebu has reshaped how individuals present their identities in digital spaces, yet it also introduces challenges that affect their personal well-being. This study explored the lived experiences of vloggers, particularly their motivations for vlogging, challenges they encounter, coping mechanisms they use, and how they present themselves both online and offline. Drawing from Goffman’s Self-Presentation Theory, Rogers’ Theory of Incongruence, and Cooley’s Looking-Glass Self, the research examined how vloggers balance the curated image shown to audiences in the digital world with their authentic selves in off camera. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study gathered narratives from vloggers through semi-structured interviews and analyzed the data using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. The results revealed that vloggers are motivated by entertainment, personal enjoyment, creativity, financial opportunities, and the desire to inspire. However, they face challenges such as time management and workload, content creation and consistency, platform restriction and technical issues, criticism and negative feedback, and pressure. To cope with these challenges, vloggers employed strategies such as being persistent and optimistic, having faith and learning acceptance, having support systems, having a positive mindset to maintain balance. The findings also highlighted that vloggers maintain a distinct separation between their online and offline personas, while others strive to express authenticity by aligning both online and offline personality. The study provided insights into the psychological realities of vlogging, with implications for vloggers, their viewers, academic setting, digital platforms, and mental health professionals.
Charlene U. Surdilla, Hazel Mae C. Llorente, Irene M. Tanada, John Mark B. Lazaro
Student satisfaction is defined as a short-term attitude resulting from an evaluation of a student's educational experiences, services, and facilities. This study seeks to discover the effect of online learning experiences on student satisfaction among college students. Data were gathered from the 353 college students. Through the use of stratified random sampling techniques. This study utilized quantitative and non-experimental research through a descriptive correlational design. The instruments used in this study were modified and thoroughly examined for relevance and accuracy. The statistical tools used in this study were mean and pearson r. Results revealed that online learning experiences and student satisfaction got a descriptive level of high which was oftentimes observed. This means there was a positive, medium, and significant correlation between online learning experiences and student satisfaction since they create interactive learning environments, increase student motivation, and enhance academic performance. The connection between online learning experiences and student satisfaction suggests that well-structured online learning environments can have a great impact on student satisfaction, while poorly structured environments can interfere with academic achievement.
Dr. Junvil A. Insong, Gracella Layawa, Jerico Talaroc, John Daryl N. Acas, Raj Paul C. Tangkua
Firefighting is a vital public service that requires strong organizational capacity, skilled personnel, and adequate institutional support to ensure effective emergency response. This study examined the operational strengths and institutional challenges of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in firefighting through the lived experiences of its personnel. A qualitative phenomenological research design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with twelve purposively selected firefighters, officers, and administrative staff with diverse ranks, lengths of service, and training backgrounds. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method to systematically capture shared meanings and key themes emerging from participants’ narratives. To enhance analytical rigor, variations in experiences across ranks and functional roles were examined, allowing for a deeper understanding of organizational dynamics within the BFP. While the study primarily relied on interview data, participants’ accounts were contextualized using established operational frameworks and existing literature on firefighting performance. The findings revealed that the BFP’s operational effectiveness is largely attributed to its adherence to standard operating procedures, effective implementation of the Incident Command System, and strong teamwork reinforced by interagency coordination. These factors enabled organized and timely responses during emergency situations. Despite these strengths, participants identified persistent challenges related to limited manpower, outdated firefighting equipment, and inadequate access to advanced training and technological resources. Such constraints were perceived to negatively affect response efficiency, particularly during large-scale or complex incidents. Participants also highlighted the need for continuous improvement through equipment modernization, expanded specialized training, and strengthened collaboration with local government units and community stakeholders. The study concludes that while the BFP demonstrates a commendable level of operational readiness, sustained institutional investment and coordinated support are necessary to address existing limitations. The findings offer practical insights for policymakers and fire service administrators seeking to enhance firefighting capacity, improve emergency response systems, and promote community resilience.
Sigale Dadirai Mweha
The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence presents unprecedented opportunities for small and medium enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa, yet significant ethical and governance challenges persist. This study examines the current landscape of AI adoption among SMEs in the region and proposes a comprehensive governance framework for ethical generative AI implementation. Through systematic analysis of existing literature and policy documents from African contexts, this research identifies key barriers including inadequate digital infrastructure, limited financial resources, skills gaps, and absence of contextually appropriate regulatory frameworks. The study reveals that while African countries like Mauritius, Egypt, and Rwanda have developed national AI strategies, specific governance mechanisms for SME generative AI adoption remain underdeveloped. The proposed Ethical AI Governance Framework incorporates four interconnected pillars: Infrastructure and Capacity Building, Ethical Standards and Accountability, Stakeholder Engagement and Benefit-sharing, and Regional Cooperation and Policy Harmonisation. Each pillar addresses specific challenges while promoting inclusive, transparent, and culturally sensitive AI deployment. The framework emphasises community-centred approaches that respect indigenous knowledge systems and prioritise local capacity development. Key findings indicate that successful generative AI adoption in Sub-Saharan African SMEs requires coordinated efforts across technological, regulatory, and socio-cultural dimensions. The research demonstrates that ethical AI governance frameworks must balance innovation enablement with risk mitigation, ensuring that AI technologies serve local developmental priorities rather than perpetuating existing inequalities. Implementation strategies include establishing AI ethics committees, developing SME-specific compliance guidelines, creating public-private partnerships, and fostering regional knowledge sharing platforms. This framework provides actionable guidance for policymakers, SME leaders, and international development partners seeking to promote responsible AI adoption across Sub-Saharan Africa.
Rogelio B. Sabordo
Emergency response is a vital public safety function that requires coordination, preparedness, and institutional capacity. This study examined the opportunities and challenges in the implementation of emergency response among Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) personnel. Using a quantitative descriptive–correlational research design, the study assessed perceived challenges, opportunities, and prescriptive measures related to emergency response implementation. Data were gathered from BFP personnel through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, and Spearman’s rho. Findings revealed a high level of awareness of institutional challenges, particularly in coordination, communication flow, and technological support. Significant differences were found in challenges when respondents were grouped according to employment status and division, while no significant differences were observed across age, educational attainment, or length of service. Respondents strongly supported prescriptive measures for improvement, reflecting organizational readiness for reform. Moreover, no significant relationship was found between challenges and prescriptive measures, indicating that support for reforms persists regardless of difficulty level experienced. The study concludes that emergency response challenges are largely systemic rather than individual and recommends the institutionalization of ICT governance, capacity-building programs, and participatory reform mechanisms to strengthen emergency response implementation.
Mohd Adza Arshad, Mohd Nasir Saari, Nor Zuraiya Mt Amin
This study evaluates two common techniques for contracting rate rationalisation in construction using Z-score statistical screening and machine learning (ML) models on a real-world tender dataset (single project; ten tenderers). We compare a human-in-the-loop, two-stage process where Z-scores act as an initial, auditable filter to detect unusual bids, and ML (regression and clustering) develops context-aware price benchmarks from the multivariate features. Empirically, the ML method achieved a 38% reduction in the RMSE compared to a Z- score-only baseline, whereas the hybrid approach reduced false alarms and produced more consistent and clearer pricing ranges for decision support. Z-score screening maintained operational value by standardising anomaly detection and enhancing procedural transparency, whereas ML improved the predictive accuracy and adaptability to item, project, and market differences. The results show that combining transparent statistical rules with data-driven models improves the accuracy, efficiency, and fairness of tender assessments. The contributions of this study are threefold: (i) a direct comparison of Z-score versus ML at the Bill-of-Quantities level; (ii) a governance-ready hybrid protocol that blends auditable thresholds with model-based benchmarks; and (iii) practical guidance for agencies seeking to embed analytics within e-procurement systems. Although the scope is limited to a single-project dataset, the findings support further validation across multiple projects and real- time deployment with drift monitoring in future research.
Mazalan Sarahintu, Muzalifah Monil, Norfazillah Matmali, Nowyannie Willie D. Tamsin
Mathematics is a fundamental subject for all university students, irrespective of their field of study. This subject is essential for the cultivation of fundamental skills in a variety of fields, such as mathematical reasoning, critical thinking, and problem-solving. Nevertheless, the mathematical achievements of Malaysian university students have consistently been a source of concern. It is imperative to examine the factors that contribute to this issue in order to resolve it. The objective of this research is to investigate the factors that facilitate the optimisation of mathematical achievement among university students. The investigation specifically investigates the correlations between mathematical achievement and four critical variables: student interest, motivation, peer-assisted learning, and pedagogical quality. In order to accomplish this objective, quantitative data will be collected from a representative sample of university students who are enrolled in mathematics courses. The questionnaires will evaluate student interest, pedagogical quality, motivation, peer-assisted learning, and mathematical accomplishment. The data were collected through a random distribution of questionnaires to students at the UiTM Sabah branch who were taking a mathematics course. The data were organised and entered into SPSS for analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were implemented. The results suggest that the achievement of students in mathematics was substantially influenced by their motivation, peer-assisted learning, pedagogical quality, and interest. Additionally, this research contributes to advancing effective instructional techniques and interventions that improve students' mathematical performance. Furthermore, this investigation enhances the body of knowledge regarding the influence of motivation, peer-assisted learning, pedagogical quality, and student interest on the optimisation of mathematical achievement, which will have substantial implications for educational policy and practice.
Dominic Dokbilla Naab, Joel Kaku Minlah, Sugar Emmanuel Frank Kordzo Adukonu, Sylvia Naa Adjeley Ankamah
This study aims to disaggregate organizational learning into its constituent functions to investigate how these functions influence learning application and subsequent organizational outcomes. It specifically seeks to identify which learning functions are most critical for driving institutional change and performance improvement within a public sector organization. The study employed quantitative, cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from 178 employees of the Ghana Revenue Authority. Regression was used to test the hypothesized relationships between distinct organizational learning functions (e.g., information acquisition, communication systems, conclusion drawing), learning application, and organizational outcomes. The results demonstrate that while most learning functions are important, the mechanisms for drawing conclusions, the quality of communication systems, and the ability to integrate learning into organizational policy and strategy are the strongest predictors of learning application. Furthermore, learning application was found to have a significant positive effect on both tangible organizational outcomes and employees’ perceptions of organizational performance, acting as a crucial mediating variable. For managers leading change, this research highlights the need to move beyond general support for learning and focus on strengthening specific systems. Building robust mechanisms for collective sense-making, ensuring transparent communication, and creating clear pathways for new knowledge to inform policy are critical for institutionalizing change and enhancing performance. This paper provides a novel, function-based analysis of organizational learning systems, offering a more granular understanding than holistic models. It empirically establishes learning application as a central mechanism through which specific learning functions translate into tangible improvements, providing valuable insights for public sector organizational change management.
Eseniia Pankratova
This longitudinal single-case research investigates the strategic mechanisms employed by a cultural Multinational Enterprise to mitigate the "Liability of Foreignness" and "Liability of Outsidership" in a market characterized by significant institutional distance. Focusing on HYBE Corporation’s aggressive expansion into the United States between 2021 and 2025, the study aims to challenge traditional gravity models that predict steep "cultural discounting" for creative products and to identify how "soft" assets are transferred across borders. The research utilizes a qualitative methodology, employing pattern matching and data triangulation of corporate financial filings, legal documents, industry reports, and visual documentary evidence to trace the firm's evolution from export-based operations to deep internalization. The results reveal a definitive shift in governance from a financial holding model to operational integration via "HYBE 2.0," demonstrating that HYBE successfully transfers its "upstream" production capabilities - specifically the "K-Pop methodology" - through Wholly Owned Subsidiaries. The case of the global group KATSEYE validates that these Firm-Specific Advantages are not location-bound but can be recombined with local talent. Simultaneously, "downstream" distribution legitimacy is secured through a dual-track inorganic strategy: cross-border Mergers & Acquisitions bridge structural holes to access gatekeeper networks, while a multi-layered Strategic Partnership with Universal Music Group provides logistic scale. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that the proprietary digital platform, Weverse, serves as a "private institutional environment" that compresses "psychic distance," allowing the MNE to internalize market transactions and capture high-margin "superfan" revenue independent of host-country intermediaries. The study concludes that sustainable success in cultural hegemonies extends the New Internalization Theory and "iBusiness" frameworks, suggesting that firms must enclose global consumers within a digital ecosystem while operationally embedding the means of production locally.
Dr. Jimboy B. Pagalilauan, Gliffielyn Salindo, Katherhyn D. Mangao, Prof. Emeliza T. Cruz, Trixie Veronica V. Bawag
Code-switching in music functions not only as a means of emotional expression but also as a strategic linguistic resource through which artists construct hybrid identities and engage diverse linguistic and cultural audiences. This descriptive-qualitative study investigates the types, functions, and sociolinguistic implications of codeswitching in the lyricism of SB19, a leading P-pop group. Guided by Poplack’s (1980) typology of codeswitching and Blom and Gumperz’s (1972) functional framework, ten selected SB19 songs were analyzed using content analysis. Results show that intra-sentential code-switching is the most prevalent type, reflecting the group’s linguistic fluency and stylistic flexibility. Among the seven identified functions, marking personality or objectification emerged as the most dominant, highlighting the role of code-switching in expressing identity, stance, and emotional engagement. Two major sociolinguistic implications were derived: (1) identity construction through multilingualism and (2) linguistic accessibility coupled with cultural pride. While the dataset is limited to ten songs from a single group, the findings demonstrate how SB19’s strategic language choices contribute to positioning P-pop as both globally accessible and deeply rooted in Filipino identity. The study recommends that future research expand datasets, incorporate listener perspectives, and employ additional sociolinguistic frameworks to further examine the role of language in popular music.
Caroline Mbochi
Conflicts between parents contribute to emotional disruptions in adolescents and their preoccupation with the psychological climate at home. The purpose of this study was to explore parental conflict styles experienced by adolescents in selected public secondary schools in Kiambu Township, Kenya. The study was anchored Using Gottman Theory as a theoretical lens. Descriptive research design was used. The study focused on five selected public secondary schools situated in Kiambu Township Constituency of Kiambu County. The target population was 5,400 students. A sample size of 373 students was used. The study utilized stratified sampling to proportionally distribute students across schools and levels. The Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistical technique was used to analyse data, which was then organized and presented in a structured format, making use of figures. Results showed that validating parenting style was the most dominant (73%), followed by avoiding conflict style (50%), and volatile parenting style (49%) while the least common parenting style was hostile parenting style (35%). From the findings, it can be concluded that validating parental conflict styles are relatively common among parents in Kiambu Township, and this serves as a protective factor for adolescents. However, the existence of a significant minority who do experience hostile conflict highlights that some adolescents remain at risk of negative psychological and behavioural outcomes, thus underscoring the need for targeted family interventions to reduce hostility in conflict situations. It is recommended that parents be sensitized and trained on the benefits of adopting validating conflict styles, as these promote healthy social development in adolescents.
Ahmad Fahim Zulkifli, Nurin Najmina Khairuddin
The rising consumption of junk food among Malaysian children poses a serious public health challenge, contributing to obesity, nutritional deficiencies, and heightened risks of chronic diseases. This study examined parental influence on children’s eating habits in Puncak Alam, guided by three objectives: (1) to determine the frequency of junk food consumption, (2) to assess parental and children’s awareness of its health impacts, and (3) to analyse factors influencing parental decisions regarding junk food. Using purposive sampling, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with five parents, and the data were analysed thematically. Findings revealed that children consumed junk food two to four times weekly, especially after school and on weekends. While parents acknowledged risks such as obesity, diabetes, and reduced academic performance, they often allowed consumption due to time constraints, children’s preferences, easy availability, peer pressure, and the use of junk food as a reward. Limited nutritional knowledge further reinforced permissive practices. Parents also identified weight gain, dental caries, and decreased appetite for home-cooked meals as noticeable outcomes. Nevertheless, reliance on social media and informal sources for health information created gaps in understanding. The study concludes that parents are central to shaping children’s dietary environments, yet their decisions are influenced by emotional, social, and economic pressures. Addressing this issue requires culturally sensitive educational initiatives, practical guidance on affordable healthy meals, and school-based interventions to reduce junk food accessibility. Policy measures targeting child-focused marketing are also critical. By empowering parents and fostering supportive community and school environments, healthier eating patterns among children can be achieved.
April Mary T. Padilla, Donna May P. Lago, Dritchell A. Pesiao, Ederlinda C. Calica, Glenne B. Lagura, Libh Anthony L. Limama, Romalie F. Galleto, Ronel G. Dagohoy, Rubilyn R. Rubia
This study examined participatory approaches in the development of Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plans (BDRRMPs) in selected barangays of the Municipality of Carmen, Davao del Norte. Anchored on the Community Resilience Framework, the research explored how risk-based planning, community consultation, and stakeholder collaboration contributed to local disaster preparedness. A descriptive qualitative design was employed using purposive sampling. Ten barangay officials and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee members participated in focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis following Miles and Huberman’s framework. Findings revealed that participatory planning was driven by risk assessments, lived disaster experiences, and sectoral engagement. However, limited financial resources and inconsistent community participation constrained effective implementation. The study found that strengthening community engagement, improving budget allocation, and enhancing inter-agency coordination are essential to improving barangay-level disaster resilience.
Roberto C. Niño, Jr
This study examined the relationship between participatory governance mechanisms and public service delivery in selected barangays of Iloilo City, Philippines. Anchored on the Community-Driven Development (CDD) framework, the research employed a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design involving 93 barangay officials. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire measuring participatory governance and public service delivery across multiple dimensions. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric inferential tests were utilized, including the Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, and Spearman’s rho. Results revealed that both participatory governance and public service delivery were perceived at very high levels. No significant differences were found when variables were classified according to age, sex, educational attainment, length of service, and location. However, a very strong and statistically significant relationship was established between participatory governance and public service delivery (r = 0.901, p < .001). The findings affirm that inclusive and participatory governance mechanisms are critical drivers of effective public service delivery at the grassroots level. The study contributes empirical evidence to governance scholarship and offers policy-relevant insights for strengthening democratic local governance.
Allan Jay S. Cajandig, Richard D. Samulde
This systematic literature review examines how teaching approaches influence students’ mathematics performance through the mediating role of motivation, using evidence from basic education settings with emphasis on resource-constrained contexts such as Philippine junior high schools. The objectives are to: (1) synthesize empirical findings on the effects of innovative teaching approaches (e.g., collaborative learning, problem-based instruction, structured inquiry) on mathematics outcomes; (2) analyze the mediating function of learner motivation using path-analytic and structural equation modeling (SEM) frameworks; and (3) propose a conceptual path model to guide future classroom-based interventions. Following PRISMA-guided procedures, peer-reviewed studies from 2000–2024 were systematically searched in major databases, screened using predefined inclusion criteria, and appraised for methodological quality. Extracted effect sizes and path coefficients were narratively integrated, with particular attention to model fit indices and motivational constructs. The review shows consistent evidence that student-centered and hybrid teaching approaches exert significant indirect effects on mathematics achievement through enhanced motivation, interest, and self-beliefs, often explaining substantial variance in performance. These findings underscore the importance of integrating motivational pathways into instructional design and support the use of path analysis as a powerful tool for developing evidence-based, context-responsive mathematics teaching models.
Mariyati Mohd Nor, Nur Rabbaha Hashim
Studies have shown that at an early age, children are highly positive and receptive towards learning a third language. This has the potential to lead to higher proficiency in the third language in the future. In this context, the third language refers to languages such as Chinese, Tamil, Kadazan, Iban, and others. However, preschool teachers face various challenges in teaching the third language due to limited knowledge, insufficient pedagogical skills, less engaging delivery methods, and a lack of relevant teaching resources. This study was conducted to address the gap in empirical research on third language teaching among preschool teachers in Malaysia. The objectives of the study are to: a) identify the level of preschool teachers’ pedagogical knowledge in teaching the third language, b) examine the level of content knowledge of the third language in teaching implementation, and c) analyze the relationship between pedagogical knowledge and content knowledge in third language teaching. A survey method was employed to obtain primary data, while structured interviews were conducted for qualitative data. A total of 150 preschool teachers participated as respondents. The research instruments consisted of a set of questionnaires and structured interviews. Data triangulation was applied to compare and validate findings from both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to early childhood education policies and curriculum development, in line with the aspiration of nurturing a multilingual generation and fostering a united madani society.
Aisah Mat Dan, Azar Fatiha Mohd Lud, Hafizah Kusnek@Khusni, Liana Ab Latif, Mohamad Haikal Mohamad Khir, Mohd Azuan Sulaiman
The widespread use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in this century plays an important role in the delivery of information to society, particularly in the education sector. The integration of technology is now viewed as a necessity in the teaching and learning (T&L) process in the classroom. Along with the rapid development of global technology, ICT functions as an effective medium that can enhance student engagement, interaction, and learning motivation. The use of digital tools, multimedia resources, and interactive platforms is believed to create a more dynamic learning environment and improve students’ understanding of subject content. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the concept of ICT integration in the subject of Islamic Education in secondary schools. In addition, this study aims to evaluate the level of effectiveness of student achievement at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Dato Harun for the subject of Islamic Education. This study also proposes improvements to the use of ICT as a strategy to enhance the academic achievement of secondary school students in Islamic Education. The design of this study is quantitative in nature and focuses on collecting measurable data related to students’ perceptions and learning outcomes. The study findings were obtained through questionnaires and supported by relevant past studies. A total of 100 students from Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Dato Harun were selected as respondents. The questionnaire was used as the main instrument to collect data, which was then analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29 software through descriptive statistical methods. Therefore, it is hoped that this study can contribute to initiatives aimed at improving the effectiveness of the education system through the application of information technology and subsequently have a positive impact on the teaching and learning process of Islamic Education.
Ahmad Azfar Abdul Hamid, Mohd Amirul Atan, Nur Aqilah Norwahi, Nuramirah Zaini, Sheik Badrul Hisham Jamil Azhar
Teaching evaluation in higher education has become a cornerstone of academic quality assurance, particularly in contexts like Malaysia where national frameworks such as the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015–2025 emphasize accountability and instructional improvement. Despite its prevalence, the current model—often dominated by student surveys and administrative checklists—has sparked debates over its fairness, effectiveness, and developmental impact, especially from the perspective of lecturers. This study investigates university lecturers’ perceptions of classroom teaching evaluations in Malaysian higher education institutions through a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative survey data and qualitative responses from 30 lecturers. Findings reveal that while evaluations are conducted regularly—typically each semester or annually—their perceived fairness and usefulness remain contested. Only a minority of participants viewed the process positively, with most expressing concerns about vague feedback, lack of actionable outcomes, and a disconnect between evaluation intent and impact. Many respondents questioned the validity of student-based evaluations, citing potential biases and a focus on popularity over pedagogy. In contrast, lecturers advocated for a more holistic evaluation system incorporating peer reviews, self-assessment, and expert classroom observations. They also highlighted the need for timely, qualitative feedback linked to professional development. Drawing on theories of procedural justice and established evaluation frameworks, this study argues for a paradigm shift from compliance-based models to reflective, formative approaches. The findings underscore the necessity for institutions to realign their evaluation systems with pedagogical realities, fostering a culture of continuous learning and mutual accountability. By integrating multiple perspectives and providing developmental support, evaluations can move beyond bureaucratic formality to become meaningful tools for instructional enhancement and academic excellence.
Ayu Kamareenna Abdullah Thani, Pungky Lela Saputri, Siti Rosnita Sakarji, Zulkifli Mohamad
This pilot study examines the relationship between Person–Supervisor Fit as the independent variable and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as the dependent variable, with Work Involvement functioning as a moderating variable among government staff at Wisma Persekutuan Kota Bharu, Kelantan. A quantitative research design was adopted using a structured questionnaire adapted from Abdullah Thani (2019). The pilot study involved 30 respondents, selected through convenience sampling, with the primary objective of testing the reliability and suitability of the research instruments prior to conducting a full-scale study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and reliability analysis through Cronbach’s alpha. The results indicate that all constructs achieved acceptable to excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values exceeding the recommended threshold of 0.70. These findings suggest that the questionnaire items are reliable and appropriate for use in the main study. This pilot study provides preliminary methodological support for examining the influence of person–supervisor fit on organizational citizenship behavior, as well as the moderating role of work involvement, within the Malaysian public sector context.
Avelino, Zydnee L., Fadera, Davidson T., Gutierrez, Wilma B., Ibabao, Ellen Joy A., Piol, John Angel S.
Solo parents are prevalent in the Philippines, they live very differently than most of us and this can be seen in the ways they adapt and change their financial, emotional, and social status. The knowledge of the researchers was limited when it came to how these individuals managed their adaptive practices across different income levels. Thus, this research empirically assessed the adaptive practices of solo parents across income levels in Balanga City, and Olongapo City, Zambales. Anchored under Maslow’s Hierarch of Needs and the Stress and Coping Theory, the study conducted surveys on 363 respondents from two cities. The findings reveal key insights into the socio-economic conditions, life choices and coping mechanisms of the respondents, first that most never opted to get married, usually they are vendors and live on meagerly low-income salaries. In addition, it also showed that most of the Olongapeños are receptive to Government programs unlike those living in Balanga. Furthermore, the findings showed that income level significantly influences the way solo parents managed their daily lives. As they face these challenges they demonstrate adaptive practices by modifying their financial decisions, lifestyles choices, household management to cope with limited resources. Lastly, the results of the assessment became the basis for the policy and program suggested by the research, two programs were proposed for each of the cities, the Balanga Solo Parent Economic Empowerment and Inclusion Program (BSP-EEIP) to address the lack of social awareness of solo parents and the Olongapo City Resilience and Childcare Assistance Program (OC-RCAP) that will strengthen and target childcare support. These proposed programs aimed to enhanced the well-being of solo parents. The researchers found significant association between adaptive practices across income levels of solo parents.
Chinelo Vivian Uti, Hannah Ayibakuro Suobite
This study investigates phonological and lexical impairments in the speech of Igbo/English bilingual aphasics, with a focus on how aphasia affects the realization of phonemes and the use of lexical items across the two languages. Aphasia is an acquired language disorder resulting from brain damage, most commonly caused by stroke, and it may impair language production and comprehension at various linguistic levels. Given Nigeria’s multilingual context and the widespread use of English alongside indigenous languages such as Igbo, bilingual aphasia presents a complex linguistic phenomenon that requires systematic investigation. The study adopts a descriptive research design and is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of structuralism and socio-communicative theory. Data were collected from three Igbo/English bilingual aphasic participants receiving medical care at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Speech samples were elicited through spontaneous conversation, question-and-answer sessions, and object/picture naming tasks. Phonetic transcription using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was employed for detailed phonological analysis, while lexical performance was assessed through word retrieval tasks in both languages. Findings reveal marked phonological impairments characterized by sound substitutions, deletions, and distortions in both Igbo and English. Notably, phonemes that are structurally complex or absent in one language were more vulnerable to impairment. Lexical analysis shows significant word-finding difficulties in both languages, with greater impairment observed in English (L2) than in Igbo (L1). The aphasics demonstrated slower lexical retrieval, use of inappropriate lexical items, and circumlocution, especially in L2. Overall, the study establishes that while both languages are affected by aphasia, the first language exhibits relative resilience. These findings have important implications for bilingual aphasia assessment and rehabilitation in multilingual contexts.
Osborn Owusu
This article examines a persistent puzzle in modern International Relations concerning the recurring tension between efforts to establish international order on moral and normative foundations and the empirical reliance on coercive power to sustain stability. Rather than interpreting this tension as a contingent failure of institutions or leadership, the article situates it within a deeper philosophical problem that has shaped political thought since antiquity. Contemporary international politics is thus framed as an ongoing struggle between the pursuit of moral legitimacy and the practical demands of security, authority, and survival. To explore this dynamic, the article employs Plato and Vladimir Putin as symbolic reference points rather than direct historical or conceptual equivalents. Plato is used to represent the classical philosophical aspiration to construct political order through virtue, reason, and moral harmony. At the same time, Putin illustrates a modern form of statecraft grounded in sovereignty, strategic control, and the prioritisation of stability over universal ethical claims. Through this analytical juxtaposition, the article demonstrates how foundational debates about authority, obedience, and human nature continue to inform realist practices in contemporary international politics. The analysis further suggests that modern international order remains deeply indebted to unresolved philosophical assumptions concerning fear, hierarchy, and the limits of moral governance. By integrating insights from political philosophy and International Relations theory, the article advances a conceptual framework for understanding why moral discourse and coercive power remain inseparable in global politics. In doing so, it challenges both idealist expectations of normative progress and realist claims that dismiss the enduring influence of moral reasoning in international affairs.
Dr Elsayed Makki Elbishr Ali Hassan, Khawla Ali Saeed alhatab alnaqbi, Muhammad Afiq Anuar, Prof. Dr Murad Hameed Abdullah
This study examines an aspect of the poetic contributions of the poet Habib Al-Sayegh. In Habib Al-Sayegh’s poetry, the presence of the Holy Qur’an is evident in his poetic lexicon and in the way images and meanings are constructed. The poet employs Qur’anic vocabulary with precision and draws inspiration from lofty values and concepts such as justice, mercy and human destiny, which endow his poetry with profound semantic and spiritual depth. Poets also benefit from the musical qualities of the Qur’anic text, such as repetition, intonation and phonetic parallelism, which give the poem a distinctive internal rhythm that enhances its psychological and aesthetic impact. In Habib Al-Sayegh’s poetic collections, this influence is evident in the repetition of phrases, the use of short sentences and the balance of poetic segments, achieving harmony between form and content and granting the poetic text strong evocative power. The Holy Qur’an represents a major source for the renewal of modern Emirati poetry and gives Habib Al-Sayegh’s poetry its creative distinction in terms of language, rhythm and meaning.
Akanmu Damola Bode, Badmus Abiodun Ismael, Ishola Mariam Bolaji
The study evaluated the access to government economic empowerment among women living in poverty in rural communities, specifically, Ibarapa Central Local Government areas of Oyo State, southwestern Nigeria. Adopting a mixed-methods research design, the study combines quantitative data from structured questionnaires administered to 120 women with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews involving 15 women engaged in diverse economic activities and key informants. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. The findings reveal that although women in the study area are economically active and predominantly self-employed, a significant proportion earn low monthly incomes and experience high levels of debt, indicating persistent economic vulnerability. The study further finds that government empowerment programmes for women do exist, particularly in the form of vocational training and the distribution of business tools. However, access to these programmes is uneven, with limited awareness, selective participation, and inadequate financial support constraining their overall effectiveness. While the donation of business tools emerged as the most tangible form of empowerment, the absence of complementary financial capital and transparent access mechanisms limits sustainable poverty reduction. The study concludes that poverty among women in Ibarapa Central LGA is not a result of lack of economic engagement but is driven by structural income inadequacy and institutional barriers. It recommends improved awareness, equitable access, integrated financial support, and accountability in the design and implementation of government empowerment programmes to enhance women’s economic wellbeing and reduce poverty.
Phyllis Claire S. Jacar
Infrastructure development plays a vital role in national progress, yet its success depends largely on how projects are implemented within public institutions. This study examined the practices and challenges in the implementation of projects of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) in the First District Engineering Office, Province of Iloilo, for Fiscal Year 2024. Employing a quantitative–descriptive research design, the study assessed the level of implementation practices and challenges as perceived by DPWH personnel and determined whether significant differences existed when respondents were classified according to age, educational attainment, length of service, status of employment, and section. It also examined the relationship between implementation practices and challenges. Data were gathered using a structured survey questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study provide empirical insights that may inform policy refinement, strengthen institutional monitoring systems, and enhance governance and accountability in public infrastructure implementation.
Maslawati Mohamad, Nurulhafizah Abdul Manaf
In today's education system, the development of English language skills, particularly speaking skills, is paramount for students' academic success and future employability. Despite the recognised importance of these skills, research indicates that students' speaking proficiency remains unsatisfactory. While there is a significant amount of research on teaching speaking skills, studies focusing on pre-service teachers' strategies in this area are limited. As future educators, pre-service teachers must be equipped with effective strategies to address these challenges. This study aims to explore the strategies employed by pre-service teachers in teaching speaking skills to secondary school students in Malaysia. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilising semi-structured interviews with two pre-service teachers. The findings reveal several strategies used by these teachers, including the use of debate, cooperative learning, role-play, and storytelling. This study aims to provide insights that can aid educators and policymakers in enhancing the quality of teaching and improving students' speaking skills in ESL contexts in Malaysia
Cromwell F. Gopo
The purpose of this study was to predict the employability of senior high school graduates in S.Y. 2018-2019 in Davao del Norte Division employing quantitative study design, descriptive-status, and predictive methodologies among the given characteristics, including gender, school type, academics, academic award recipient, skills, values, and strand. The study's respondents were the 33 secondary schools offering senior high school programs found by simple random sampling, resulting in 1,530 cases of secondary data from graduates that were evaluated using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and binary logistic regression. According to the findings, the majority of senior high school graduates from large schools were girls. Furthermore, just around half of these graduates got any kind of academic honor in any semester. In general, the graduates performed well in academics, talents, and values. Furthermore, just around half of the graduates were unemployed. Those who were working back then were either contractual or casual employees, or part-time laborers dominated by GAS grads. Furthermore, gender and ICT strand were important predictors of employability, whereas the remaining factors did not contribute significantly to the model. The null hypothesis was rejected since the predictor coefficients in the binary logistic regression equation did not equal 0. Using the model, it was determined that TVL graduates, with the exception of ICT, had higher estimations of employability.
Gerlie D. Bornea, Joeteddy B. Bugarin
This study examined whether Grade 10 core-subject grades (English, Mathematics, and Science) can be used to provide a preliminary, grades-only screening of Senior High School (SHS) strand options (ABM, HUMSS, STEM, and TVL). Using multinomial logistic regression on 400 student records, English emerged as the strongest predictor, with Mathematics and Science contributing more modestly in selected comparisons. In classification, the grades-only model correctly classified 215 of 400 cases (overall accuracy = 53.75%). Preliminary grades-only screening achieved an overall accuracy of 53.75%, constrained by grade profile overlap across strands. Strand-level performance varied substantially (ABM = 17.4%, HUMSS = 49.2%, STEM = 75.0%, TVL = 74.6%), indicating limited separability for strands with similar grade patterns. These results support the use of grades as an initial filter to narrow counseling conversations, but not as a stand-alone placement or decision-making tool without complementary measures such as interest inventories, aptitude assessments, and structured guidance inputs.
Dr. Uduwila Uparathana
This research paper examines the stone technology of prehistoric humans, especially the use of flint. The criteria for selecting raw materials in the production of prehistoric tools, the chemical composition of siliceous rocks, and their inherent physical properties are discussed here. The mechanism of 'conchoidal fracture', the basic basis of stone tool technology, is scientifically analyzed when a force is applied to a rock. Furthermore, the study describes methods for distinguishing between natural rock fractures and artificial fractures caused by human intervention, as well as basic shaping techniques such as quartering and flaking. Another aspect of this study is identifying the age of a tool through 'patina', the chemical changes that occur on the surface of rocks. Finally, this study emphasizes that archaeology makes a significant contribution to building robust typological models for interpreting past cultural dynamics by understanding these technological limitations and capabilities.
Agnes Denyo Odhiambo, Dr. Antony Chege, Dr. Maria Ntarangwe
Background: Cannabis use among adolescents is a growing public health concern globally, with potential negative effects on cognitive, psychosocial, and academic outcomes. In Kenya, despite its illegality, cannabis remains the most commonly abused substance among school-going youth, yet research on preventive strategies in junior schools is limited. Objective: This study examined the prevalence, demographic correlates, coping strategies, and school-based preventive interventions related to cannabis use among junior school learners in Ngong Municipality, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional embedded mixed-methods design was employed, integrating quantitative data from 369 learners using the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) with qualitative interviews of school staff. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and non-parametric statistics, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed to explore intervention strategies and challenges. Results: Overall prevalence of problematic cannabis use was relatively low (7.6%), with higher risk observed among male learners and those in higher grades. Teachers and counseling services were identified as the primary sources of support, while parental and peer involvement was comparatively lower. Qualitative findings revealed multi-level interventions, including disciplinary measures, educational sessions, psychosocial support, and community engagement. However, gaps were noted in program coverage, staff training, and parental participation. Conclusion: Cannabis use among junior school learners in Ngong Municipality remains low but concentrated among specific subgroups. Integrated, relationally-informed preventive strategies combining school-based education, counseling, peer engagement, and community involvement are recommended to mitigate risk and enhance adolescent resilience.
Ahmad Salahuddin M Azizan, Fariha Diyana Awang Ali, Kamariah Hussein, Rashidin Idris, Tham Jia Hao
Teacher motivation and satisfaction are commonly acknowledged to be important factors in the improvement of instructional quality and school performance. Yet, there has been scant empirical research exploring how school leadership capacity contributes to these outcomes within culturally distinct school contexts. This article explores the relationships among principal's leadership capacity, teacher motivation and job satisfaction in Tamil national-type primary schools (SJKT) in Malaysia. Utilizing a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, responses were received from 152 teachers through structured questionnaires that assessed perceptions of leadership ability, motivation and satisfaction with job. Variable levels and interrelations were examined using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analyses. The results reveal that there is a significant and positive relationship between principal leadership capacity and teacher motivation and job satisfaction. Furthermore, teacher motivation is highly associated with job satisfaction, thereby indicating that it does serve as a key relational mechanism between leadership practices and teachers’ professional well-being. The study provides empirical evidence from a less well-researched school setting and demonstrates the importance of leadership capacity in cultivating supportive organizational conditions that serve to increase teacher motivation and satisfaction. Implications for school leader development and policy interventions to enhance teacher well-being and school effectiveness in diverse educational settings are considered.
AJAYI, Esther Modupe, CLETUS Edoh, YIDAWI, Musa Inusa
The study examined principals’ collaborative and conflict resolution leadership qualities as predictors of teachers’ job productivity in Senior Secondary Schools in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study had three objectives, three research questions, and three null hypotheses. A predictive correlational research design was adopted. The population of the study comprised all principals and teachers in public post-basic schools across the five education zones of Adamawa State, out of which 873 respondents (202 principals and 671 teachers) were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Three adapted instruments titled “Principals’ Collaborative Leadership Quality Questionnaire (PCLQQ), Principals’ Conflict Resolution Leadership Quality Questionnaire (PCRLQQ) and Teachers’ Job Productivity Questionnaire (TJPQ)” were used for data collection. The three instruments yielded a reliability co-efficients of; 0.83, 0.91 and 0.76 for PCLQQ, PCRLQQ and TJPQ. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, while linear and multiple regressions were used to test hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The analysis showed that principals’ collaborative leadership quality (F(1,200) = 159.015, p < 0.05, R² = 0.443), and conflict resolution leadership quality (F(1,200) = 145.564, p < 0.05, R² = 0.421) significantly predicted teachers’ job productivity. the findings of the study reveal that principals’ leadership qualities—specifically collaboration, and conflict resolution—significantly predicted teachers’ productivity, F(2, 199) = 67.877, p < 0.05, with R = 0.761 and R² = 0.580. The finding revealed that two predictors—collaborative leadership quality (β = 0.170, p < 0.05), and conflict resolution leadership quality (β = 0.169, p < 0.05)—significantly predict teachers’ job productivity. This suggests that principals who prioritize collaboration, and effective conflict resolution considerably boost teachers’ job productivity. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that principals exhibited moderate to high levels of leadership qualities, particularly in collaboration and conflict resolution, both of which had a significant positive influence on teachers’ productivity. It was recommended that principals should promote teamwork and collaborative problem-solving among teachers through regular staff meetings, joint projects, and shared professional learning communities.
AJAYI, Esther Modupe, CLETUS, E, YIDAWI, M.I
The study examined principals’ safety measures and classroom management as correlates of teachers’ job effectiveness in Post Basic Schools in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Three specific objectives, three research questions, and three null hypotheses guided the study. A correlational survey research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised 7,113 respondents, consisting of 404 principals and 6,709 teachers drawn from public Post Basic Schools across the five education zones of Adamawa State. Using a multi-stage sampling procedure, a total sample of 853 respondents, made up of 182 principals and 671 teachers, was selected. Data were collected using three structured questionnaires developed by the researcher, namely: Principals’ Conflict Resolution Techniques Questionnaire (PCRTQ), Disciplinary Measures Questionnaire (DMQ), and Teachers’ Job Effectiveness Questionnaire (TJEQ). The instruments were validated by experts in Educational Management and Measurement and Evaluation, and their reliability coefficients were established using Cronbach Alpha method, yielding 0.74, 0.79 and 0.91 PCRTQ, DMQ and, TJEQ respectively. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while inferential statistics of simple linear regression analysis were employed to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings further showed that principals possessed a high level of safety measures (grand mean = 3.06, SD = 1.15), classroom management (grand mean = 3.08, SD = 1.13). The study found that safety measures and classroom management jointly and significantly predicted teachers’ job effectiveness, F (2, 179) = 13.196, p < 0.05, with R = 0.522 and R² = 0.273. Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that safety measures and classroom management are critical and significant predictors of teachers’ job effectiveness. It was recommended among others that; government, school proprietors, and security agencies should strengthen school safety measures through provision of security personnel, fencing, and emergency preparedness mechanisms.
Roselyn J. Abelleja
The primary objective of the study was to assess the professional development and working conditions in relation to teacher retention in the public schools. It employed descriptive- documentary and survey methods with aid of questionnaires to three hundred eighty-one (381) elementary and secondary teachers and twenty-eight (28) school heads fully enumerated in this study. The results revealed that teachers’ have a positive relationship on retention strategies and professional development which directly contribute to the growth and development of teachers. Also, when schools implement effective retention practices, teachers are more likely to experience improved working conditions. This study concluded that public school teachers report that teachers enjoy ideal working conditions and exhibit a very advanced level of professional development across all domains. Moreover, positive feedback on pay, administrative assistance, working conditions, and professional development indicates very high teacher retention. Additionally, professional development and working conditions all have a positive impact on teacher retention; the strongest correlation is found in working conditions. These results demonstrate that high levels of satisfaction, ongoing professional development, and supportive environments are important factors in maintaining teacher retention.
Daryl I. Quinito, Syra S. Narido
This study investigated the professional development practices of teachers and their implications for literacy leadership and instructional management competence. It focused on training, peer collaboration, educational research, and mentorship, and examined their relationships with literacy leadership and instructional management competence. A descriptive-correlational design was employed, involving 261 public elementary teachers from Vinzons District. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. Results showed that training (M=3.56) and peer collaboration (M=3.49) were always practiced, mentorship programs (M=3.05) were frequently practiced, while educational research (M=2.12) was rarely practiced. Professional development practices had strong positive implications for literacy leadership (M=3.58–3.64) and instructional management competence (M=3.52–3.63). Significant correlations were found between professional development practices and both literacy leadership (r=.184–.504, p<.01) and instructional management competence (r=.192–.478, p<.01), with training and mentorship showing the strongest associations. The study concludes that while teachers are consistent in training and collaboration, engagement in research remains limited. Professional development contributes significantly to both literacy leadership and instructional management competence, but areas such as inclusivity, curriculum planning, and external linkages need further support. To address these gaps, the study recommends structured Continuous Professional Development (CPD), stronger mentoring, institutionalized peer learning communities, and the SPARK (Sustaining Professional Advancement and Research Knowledge of Literacy Leaders) Program to enhance teachers’ research capability.
Jayson A. Bejona, Kathleen Ann S. Bejona, Romel A. Zamora, MAEd
This action research explored learner and stakeholder perceptions of Project BASKOG (Building A Strong, Knowledgeable, Organized, and Goal-Oriented Community), a school-based capacity-building initiative aimed at strengthening the crisis management readiness of Junior Quick Response Teams (JQRTs) at Datal Bila Integrated School, Malungon 4 District, Sarangani Division. Employing a qualitative action research design, data were generated through focus group discussions with ten (10) JQRT learner-members, key informant inputs from three (3) teacher-facilitators and two (2) community stakeholders, document analysis, and observation of emergency drills during School Year 2023–2024. Thematic analysis revealed that learners perceived the program as enhancing teamwork, developing basic lifesaving and emergency response skills, and fostering emotional regulation and resilience during simulated crisis situations. Stakeholders corroborated these perceptions by observing increased learner initiative, role clarity, and peer leadership during drills, while also identifying sustainability challenges related to learner focus, resource limitations, and the need for continuous training. Rather than asserting program effectiveness in a causal sense, the findings are presented as context-specific perceptions shaped by participation in Project BASKOG within a single school setting. The study underscores the importance of sustained capacity-building, structured drill facilitation, and strengthened school–community collaboration in supporting learner-led crisis management initiatives.
Alexa Liens M. Lecera, Hazel Mae C. Llorente, Ivan L. Tenio, Jhian D. Sumosa, John Mark B. Lazaro
This study explored the student engagement of college students, focusing on the factors that how learning outcomes and academic achievement could be impacted by students' opinions on project-based learning and their participation in class activities. The study determined the significant relationship between perception of the utilization of project-based learning approaches and student engagement among college students in Santo Tomas, Province of Davao del Norte. The data were gathered from the 225 BTVTEd students. This study used stratified random sampling technique. This study utilized quantitative non-experimental research through a descriptive correlational design. This study utilized adapted instruments that were thoroughly evaluated for precision and relevance. The statistical tools used in this study were mean and person r. Results revealed that perception of the utilization of project-based learning approach and student engagement got a descriptive level of very high which was always observed. The study findings implied that students who have a positive perception of PBL are more likely to be highly engaged, likely because it encourages them to actively participate, collaborate, and apply their knowledge in real-world contexts. The relationship between perception of the utilization of project-based learning approaches and student engagement suggests that increasing the application of project-based learning methods has the potential to improve student engagement and drive in their education.
Nadia Shahira Amiruddin, Syaza Yasmin
Project-Based Learning (PBL), also commonly referred to as Project-Based Learning (PjBL), has received increasing scholarly attention in early mathematics education due to its potential to support meaningful learning, strengthen problem-solving abilities, and foster 21st-century competencies from an early age. Despite this growing interest, empirical research examining its classroom implementation, learning outcomes, and instructional challenges in early mathematics contexts remains fragmented and, in some cases, inconsistent. To address this gap, the present systematic literature review synthesises recent empirical studies on the application of PBL/PjBL in early mathematics education, with particular attention to learner outcomes, teacher readiness, and innovations in instructional design. Guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the review analysed peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2023 and 2025 and indexed in the Scopus and ERIC databases. Following a rigorous screening and eligibility process, 21 primary studies were retained for thematic analysis. The synthesis identified three overarching themes: (1) learning outcomes associated with PBL/PjBL, including conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills, collaboration, and creativity; (2) challenges related to teacher readiness, professional capacity, and assessment practices; and (3) innovation and design features of PBL/PjBL models, including structured scaffolding, digital integration, and context-based project design. Overall, the findings indicate that while PBL/PjBL holds considerable promise for enhancing early mathematics learning, its effectiveness is highly dependent on teacher preparation, alignment of assessment approaches, and context-sensitive instructional design. This review therefore provides a structured evidence base to inform professional development, curriculum planning, and future empirical and design-based research in early mathematics education.
Ismael W. Baog, Wenefredo E. Cagape
Gender and Development (GAD) awareness is a critical foundation in building Violence Against Women (VAW)-free academic environments. This study assessed the level of GAD awareness among 106 randomly selected college students from a local institution in Region XI, Philippines, using a descriptive quantitative design. An adapted survey measured awareness across four domains: gender roles, gender issues, GAD-related laws, and the integration of GAD into government programs and institutional policies. Results showed high awareness of social gender roles and rights, particularly those related to women’s participation in civic life and education, but only moderate awareness of legal mandates and the operational roles of government agencies in implementing GAD frameworks. The findings highlight the need for more comprehensive GAD education that includes both conceptual and institutional components. The study supports the Social Cognitive Theory of Gender Development, which emphasizes the role of environmental exposure in shaping gender-related learning and behavior. This study offers insights for academic leaders and policymakers to promote inclusive, gender-sensitive, and VAW-free college environments.
Worawut Phengphan
This study aimed (1) to examine the values of the Thai Wai Khru tradition in educational institutions as perceived by upper secondary school students and (2) to identify guidelines for promoting cultural capital through the Wai Khru tradition based on a local wisdom–oriented educational approach. A mixed-methods research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 384 upper secondary school students in the 2025 academic year under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Chonburi–Rayong, Thailand, selected through multi-stage sampling using Krejcie and Morgan’s table. Qualitative data were obtained from 11 key informants, including basic education teachers and university lecturers with at least three years of experience in Wai Khru ceremonies, through online focus group discussions.The research instruments consisted of a questionnaire and a semi-structured focus group interview guide. The questionnaire demonstrated acceptable content validity (IOC = .84) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = .84). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings indicated that (1) the overall perceived value of the Wai Khru tradition was at a high level. Among the value dimensions, social value was rated the highest, highlighting the role of the Wai Khru ceremony in fostering respectful teacher–student relationships, social cohesion, and a sense of unity within schools. Psychological, moral, aesthetic, religious, and intellectual values were also rated highly, reflecting the tradition’s contribution to students’ gratitude, emotional well-being, cultural appreciation, moral awareness, and lifelong learning orientation. Physical and economic values were perceived at moderate levels, as these aspects were less explicitly represented in the ritual practices. (2) the guidelines for promoting cultural capital through the Wai Khru tradition, emphasizing the integration of local wisdom into educational goals, school environments, curricula, teaching practices, learner development, and experiential, community-based learning. The findings underscore the significance of integrating traditional cultural practices into contemporary education to support holistic student development and cultural sustainability.
NWORIE Polycarp Chibueze
Nigeria’s nation-building process continues to be constrained by governance deficits, corruption, social inequality, and declining public trust in institutions. This study examines the major socio-ethical themes of the Old Testament prophets Isaiah, Hosea, and Amos and evaluates their relevance for contemporary nation-building in Nigeria. Using a qualitative thematic content analysis, the study treats selected prophetic texts as sources of normative social ethics and relates them to contemporary Nigerian governance realities through illustrative cases and policy contexts. Core themes identified include justice, leadership accountability, covenantal responsibility, economic equity, and authentic religiosity. The study argues that prophetic ethics offer a complementary moral framework for strengthening governance, social cohesion, and institutional legitimacy in Nigeria. While not a substitute for empirical policy analysis, prophetic ethics can enrich interdisciplinary discourse on religion and development in plural societies.
Ahmad Adnan Mohd Shukri, Harris Shah Abd. Hamid, Rose Enne Emellia Mohamed Razali
An achievement test is an essential element in the teaching and learning process as its primary purpose is to measure student performance. However, high-quality test items require extensive time and effort to be produced, particularly multiple-choice questions. Teachers are known as content experts and test developers however some of them may lack knowledge in test development. Therefore, some of the constructed items may be flawed, biased, or unreliable to measure the students’ performance. The present study aims to determine the psychometric properties of newly developed multiple-choice questions for the Chemistry test paper using the Rasch Model. A study was conducted among 435 respondents from four randomly selected secondary schools in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data were analyzed using a software called Winsteps. From the point of unidimensionality, Principal Component Analysis explained the test dimension of the instrument was moderate and acceptable, with 27.8% of raw variance measured. The reliability estimates for items were 0.99 while for person reliability is 0.87. multiple-choice paper. The aforementioned findings provide a dimension of validity of the test. In conclusion, the Rasch model has proven that the Chemistry test paper is a valid and reliable unidimensional instrument in measuring students’ ability and item difficulty.
Uduwila Uparathana
The Vedda community in Sri Lanka, historically recognized as the island's indigenous inhabitants, is currently undergoing a critical phase of sociocultural and biological transition. This research focuses specifically on the Vedda populations residing in the Anuradhapura district, a subgroup often distinct from the more geographically isolated Bintenne Veddas. The study investigates the complex interplay between their traditional psychosocial structures—such as the matrilineal clan system (Wariga), animistic rituals, and kinship bonds—and the pressures of modernization, including agricultural resettlement, educational assimilation, and intermarriage. Biologically, the research examines genetic assimilation and health transitions resulting from lifestyle shifts from hunter-gatherer subsistence to sedentary agriculture. Using a mixed-method approach involving ethnographic observations and secondary biological data analysis, the study reveals that while the biological distinctiveness of the Anuradhapura Veddas is diminishing due to admixture with the North Central Sinhalese peasantry, traces of their unique psychosocial identity persist in syncretic religious practices and social stratification. The findings suggest that modernization has led to a "dual identity" crisis, where traditional biological and psychological traits are being rapidly reconfigured.
Abubakar Abdullahi, Dr. Bakari Muhammadu Sukare
The COVID-19 pandemic posed one of the most formidable governance and crisis management challenges in Africa’s modern history. In Nigeria, the pandemic exposed structural weaknesses in public administration, including fragile health systems, bureaucratic bottlenecks, corruption, and inadequate preparedness. This study evaluates how Nigerian government institutions managed resources in response to the pandemic, with particular focus on transparency, efficiency, and accountability in crisis governance. The paper investigates the mobilization and distribution of health, financial, and human resources, and examines the role of intergovernmental relations, public-private partnerships, and international aid in shaping Nigeria’s pandemic response. Using a qualitative desk-based research method supported by secondary data, policy documents, and reports from international organizations, the study provides insights into the successes, limitations, and lessons learned from Nigeria’s COVID-19 experience. Findings reveal that while Nigeria demonstrated resilience through rapid establishment of task forces, emergency funding, and adoption of digital monitoring platforms, the response was hindered by weak institutional frameworks, uneven state-level implementation, and lack of public trust in government agencies. The study concludes that sustainable crisis management in Africa requires strengthening of governance structures, investment in public health infrastructure, and institutionalization of accountability mechanisms. It recommends that Nigeria and other African states should adopt anticipatory governance frameworks, mainstream crisis response into public administration reforms, and build citizen centered approaches to disaster management. This paper contributes to scholarship on crisis governance and offers policy-relevant insights for building resilience in African public administration systems.
Axel M. Grageda, Cazzandra Joyce C. Sagun, Gerald F. Manzano, Jhasper U. Corpuz, Minerva C. Zoleta, Steve A. Villa
Security and access control remain critical concerns in shared storage facilities such as schools, barangays, offices, and public institutions. Traditional locker systems rely on mechanical keys or manual supervision, which are prone to loss, duplication, and unauthorized access. This study presents the design and development of an RFID-based smart locker system integrated with GSM SMS notification using an ESP32 microcontroller. The system employs an RC522 RFID reader for user authentication, a 4×3 matrix keypad for manual input, solenoid locks controlled through relay modules for physical access control, and limit switches to monitor locker door status. An LCD with I2C interface provides real-time system feedback, while a GSM module (SIM800L) sends SMS alerts upon access events. A DC-to-DC buck converter ensures stable voltage regulation for the GSM module.
Zulkiffly Baharom
Quantitative methods continue to dominate business and management research, yet concerns persist about the rigor and relevance of prevailing empirical practices. This critical literature review (CLR) examines how ritualized reliance on statistical significance testing, linear modeling assumptions, and conventional measurement approaches has limited explanatory depth and reproducibility in contemporary studies. Drawing on a systematic analysis of 50 highly cited articles published between 2016 and 2025, the review identifies three recurring methodological shortcomings: overreliance on p-values, linear bias in complex and dynamic contexts, and persistent measurement challenges in advanced modeling. The review further synthesizes emerging methodological shifts, including Bayesian inference, machine learning (ML), and big data analytics, that seek to address these limitations. Building on this synthesis, the paper proposes a Multi-Dimensional Rigor Framework (MDRF) that reconceptualizes methodological rigor as an integrative construct comprising inferential, modeling, and data rigor. The framework emphasizes alignment between statistical reasoning, analytical modeling, and data characteristics rather than adherence to procedural benchmarks alone. The paper concludes by outlining implications for researchers, journal editors, and practitioners, advocating a shift from symbolic statistical compliance toward substantive, context-sensitive, and predictive quantitative inquiry.
Harwati Hashim, Jester Daniel Jayes, Melor Mohd Yunus
In ESL education, practitioners now recognizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a tool to improve student engagement and provide personalized learning experiences while also increasing the efficiency of instruction. On the other hand, for AI to be effectively integrated into classrooms, it is essential that teachers accept the technology, particularly in lower-resourced, rural environments. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the perceptions of primary ESL school teachers in Ranau, Sabah regarding the incorporation of AI into their classrooms through an examination of attitudes surrounding perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) guided by Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research implemented a quantitative exploratory approach that utilizes surveys with 12 ESL Teachers from 4 primary schools located within the rural areas. The results analysed teachers' responses to the survey to determine any trends based on teachers' perceptions of using AI in the classroom. The results of this study indicate that teachers perceive AI as supportive teaching and learning tool. Respondents’ confidence level of their ability to learn using AI tools was considered moderate. In addition, comments arose regarding the integration of AI in the classroom, long-term skill development, and a need for sufficient cognitive effort when utilising AI.
Dolapo Temitayo Lawal, Gracious Ojonibe Adaji, Lucky Chukwunaru Azum, Olabisi Omolara Ekundayo, Pesopo Adefisayo Rasheed
This paper critically examines Nigeria’s centralised tertiary admissions framework through a comparative review of the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB). Using qualitative methods— including theoretical discourse and comparative document analysis—it reviews literature on institutional efficiency and public admission systems. The study contrasts Nigeria’s fully centralised model with hybrid systems in South Africa and the United Kingdom, as well as decentralised approaches in the United States. Findings reveal that while JAMB enhances transparency and coordination through tools like the Central Admission Processing System (CAPS), its rigid centralisation limits institutional autonomy and fails to resolve access inequalities. The paper recommends adopting a hybrid admissions model that balances central oversight with institutional discretion to improve equity, efficiency, and responsiveness in Nigeria’s higher education system.
Tafara Marazi
The article examines the life of Paul Mwazha (1918-2025) and the African Apostolic Church (AAC) as a paradigmatic case study within the African Initiated Church (AIC) movement. Spanning from the colonial era to the 21st century, Mwazha’s ministry epitomised the project of “re-creating Africa” a synthesis of biblical Christianity with African worldviews to address spiritual, social, and political dislocations. Utilising a historical-theological methodology within a framework of indigenisation theory, the analysis explores how Mwazha’s theological innovations, particularly regarding ancestry, healing, and prophetic leadership, facilitated a culturally resonant Christianity much more appealing to indigenous communities. The article argues that the AAC’s endurance and growth underscore the AIC movement’s central role in the decolonisation of African Christianity, asserting its legacy as a fundamental reformation of the faith on the continent.
Allaine Mae V. Balleza, Geraldine N. Caballes, Ma. Imelda C. Rayton, Ruth T. Romero
Reading readiness is the stage when a child is ready to begin learning to read. This is essential among elementary learners because it compasses the skills and experience that prepare them to engage with other related literacy skills. On the other hand, reading proficiency is the level at which a person can read and understand text. It is essential for academic success and meaningful participation in an increasingly information-driven society. The PHIL-IRI is important in identifying the level of the learner’s proficiency in reading. This study aimed to (1) assess the level of reading readiness of Grade 6 learners at the beginning of the school year (BoY) based on Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (PHIL-IRI) results; (2) evaluate the reading level proficiency of Grade 6 learners at the end of the school year (EoY) based on PHIL-IRI results; (3) assess if there is a significant difference in the reading proficiency levels of Grade 6 learners between beginning of the school year (BoY) and end of the school year (EoY) assessments; (4) evaluate the relationship between Grade 6 learners’ reading readiness at beginning of the school year (BoY) and their reading proficiency at end of the school year (EoY) (5) develop a language instructional strategy framework to improve reading. Grade 6 learners from selected public elementary in the division of occidental Mindoro schools who completed both BOY and EOY PHIL-IRI assessments within the same school year were the participants of the study. They were selected through purposive criterion sampling. A secondary data obtained from the official PHIL-IRI results of the participating schools in the beginning of the school year and end of the school year were used. Descriptive, Chi-Square Test and Spearman Rank Correlation test were used. Descriptive statistics showed that at the beginning of the school year, most of the learners fall under frustration and instructional level, while at the end of the school year, independent level increased while frustration level decreased. The study also revealed that there is a significant difference on the proficiency of the learners in the beginning of the school and at the end of the school year. A significant relationship was also noted. An instructional intervention framework was developed to guide educators how to implement targeted teaching strategies to improve the reading proficiency of the learners.
Aidil Fahmi Shadan, Muhammad Fazli Mad Saad, Muhammad Hafiz Abd Rahman, Muhammad Haniff M. Zahari
Fume hoods are primary engineering controls for reducing laboratory personnel exposure to hazardous airborne chemicals; however, their effectiveness can be compromised by delayed, manual, and inconsistent airflow monitoring that allows abnormal operating conditions to persist. This study reports the deployment and evaluation of an automated Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) monitoring system across 43 chemical fume hoods at the Department of Chemistry, Malaysia Headquarters. The system provided continuous, real-time monitoring of ventilation parameters and incorporated chemometric analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to detect and classify operational anomalies. Performance was validated against handheld anemometer measurements (n = 215), showing strong agreement (R² = 0.98) and low mean error (0.012 m/s). Following implementation, anomaly detection lag decreased from an average of 14.5 hours to less than two minutes, and operational uptime increased to 99.5%. Optimized airflow control was associated with a 35% reduction in energy consumption. Cost–benefit analysis estimated a payback period of 2.2 years with projected annual savings of RM 274,250. User surveys indicated increased confidence in laboratory safety, system transparency, and compliance documentation. Overall, these findings support automated LEV monitoring as a practical approach to strengthening laboratory safety management, operational efficiency, and sustainability, with potential applicability to broader laboratory settings in Malaysia
Ahmad Faiz Azizi A. Fauzi, K. N. Ali, M. Sabri
In recent times, the rapid growth in construction waste generation has raised significant environmental and economic concerns in recent times. However, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has emerged as a promising solution for managing construction waste and promoting sustainability. BIM offers advanced capabilities for visualization, simulation, and data-driven decision-making, making it a valuable tool for optimizing waste reduction strategies in construction projects. This paper offers a thorough and in-depth review that examines the present and prospective trends of BIM research and its implications in the realm of construction waste management (CWM). Through a Bibliometric analysis, a total of 637 publications were collected from the "Web of Science" core database. Employing VOSviewer for analysis and visualization, co-occurrence, co-word analysis, cluster analysis, and co-citation analyses were conducted to explore influential authors and journals, high-frequency keywords, recent research trends, and potential future research directions in the field. The findings shed light on crucial topics in BIM for CWM, such as circular economy, recycling, waste estimation, and waste reduction. The study systematically analyzes and categorizes the existing literature, mapping the knowledge landscape, and highlights the main future trends in academic research on the integration of BIM and CWM. Looking ahead, future research is anticipated to focus on integrating BIM with Internet of Things (IoT) models, incorporating circular economy BIM systems, exploring green building using BIM models, implementing BIM-based design for deconstruction, and adopting multi-dimensional BIM frameworks. This comprehensive review provides innovative insights into the unique contributions of BIM for CWM, differentiating it from prior research and enhancing the paper's scholarly impact.
Dr Roslizawati Ahmad, Fatin Alia Binti Shahar, Mohd Firdaus Bin Zainolabidin, Nor Afidah Azmi
Brand safety is becoming a top strategic concern for both platforms and marketers due to the increased exposure of companies to risky and unpredictable situations brought about by the growing reliance on digital platforms. The conceptual fragmentation of research on brand safety among studies of advertising context, platform governance, algorithmic curation, and user-generated environments limits the building of cumulative knowledge despite increasing scholarly attention. In this conceptual study, brand safety in digital contexts is rethought as a multifaceted, context-dependent construct that goes beyond basic content proximity. We create an integrative framework that includes actor-based risk, algorithmic risk, platform governance risk, cultural–societal risk, and content-related risk. The paradigm also emphasizes the important but little-studied function of extensive content moderation systems as a mediation factor between brand outcomes and risky digital environments. This paper improves brand safety theory, offers direction for managerial decision-making in algorithmically controlled environments, and presents a research agenda to support future methodological and empirical research by providing conceptual clarity and an integrated framework.
Muhammad Laras Widyanto, Noviendri Djalil, Sofyan Halim
This paper presents a philosophical reconstruction of Islamic economics by examining its ontological, epistemological, and axiological foundations. The study is motivated by the growing concern that contemporary Islamic economic practices often replicate conventional models with superficial modifications, resulting in conceptual inconsistencies and detachment from the Islamic worldview. The primary aim of this research is to realign Islamic economics with its metaphysical roots, particularly the principles of tawhid (Divine Unity) and Maqasid al-Shariah (objectives of Islamic law), which serve as both moral compass and evaluative framework. Employing a qualitative method through interpretative document analysis, this paper synthesizes insights from classical scholars such as Ibn Khaldun and Al-Ghazali, as well as contemporary thinkers including Al-Attas, Chapra, and Al-Faruqi. The findings highlight significant gaps in current Islamic economic discourse, particularly in philosophical coherence, epistemological integration, and ethical orientation. The study argues for a paradigm shift toward a spiritually anchored, value-driven economic framework capable of addressing contemporary challenges such as inequality, ecological degradation, and financialization. In doing so, this paper contributes to the ongoing effort to construct a more authentic, holistic, and sustainable model of Islamic economics that is both theoretically sound and practically relevant in the modern world.
Ma. Scheherazade O. Ruivivar
The perennial problem of flooding in the Bicol region was recently highlighted in the aftermath of Severe Tropical Storm Kristine in October 2024. Its damage and devastation prompted President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. to order a review and assessment of the Bicol River Basin Development Program (BRBDP). The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) was tasked to focus on flood mitigation component of the program. Secretary Manuel Bonoan in a press briefing stated that the feasibility study was completed on July 2024, the detailed engineering will be in 2025, the civil works, flood control projects will be completed in 2026 and thereafter. The Korea Eximbank will fund the project with a preliminary estimated cost of PHP75 billion which includes the long-term construction of Sabo Dam in Albay with an estimated cost of PHP22 billion. (Gozum, 2024)
Hanafi Haron, Mohamad Hafiz Mohd Idris, Mohammad Shahrul Nizam Ashar, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Nurazlina Abdul Raof, Wan Hamzi Helmi Wan Helmi
This paper examines the doctrinal limitations of Section 375 of the Malaysian Penal Code, which adopts a gender-specific definition of rape that effectively confines principal liability to male offenders and restricts the offence to penile–vaginal penetration. This statutory structure creates significant prosecutorial gaps where female sexual offenders are involved and may result in unequal legal protection for victims, including male victims. These concerns raise broader constitutional implications under Article 8 of the Federal Constitution and compliance considerations in light of Malaysia’s international obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Using a doctrinal comparative approach, the study contrasts Malaysia’s rape framework with Canada’s gender-neutral sexual assault model under Section 271 of the Canadian Criminal Code, as enacted through amendments introduced by Bill C-127 in 1983. The Canadian framework criminalises non-consensual sexual touching regardless of gender and centres liability on consent rather than anatomy, reinforced through consent-centred judicial interpretation and protective procedural mechanisms. The comparative findings suggest that Malaysia’s current approach may be difficult to reconcile with purposive equality reasoning and contemporary expectations of comprehensive legal protection against sexual violence. This paper accordingly proposes reform of Section 375 towards a gender-neutral model, drawing on Canada’s consent-based framework to strengthen accountability, enhance victim protection, and promote doctrinal coherence.
Wijayalath W. A. S. P
This article evaluates the effectiveness of the criminal penalty regime governing directors’ duties in Sri Lanka and considers whether the adoption of Australia’s civil pecuniary penalty regime would provide a more effective and proportionate enforcement mechanism. The article examines the theoretical foundations of responsive regulation, analyzes the Australian experience with civil penalties over three decades and proposes a framework for implementing similar reforms in Sri Lanka.
Daniel Amos, Ebenezer Afrane, Francis Kwesi Bondinuba, Naana Amakie Boakye-Agyeman
The impact of organizational culture and the perceptions of the senior management on the strategic management of corporate real estate in Ghana institutions are the focus of this paper. The interpretivist approach was employed for this qualitative study. This, however, entailed the use of semi-structured interviews with 12 leading executives across the tertiary, public, and private sectors. The collected data were thematically analyzed using NVivo software. The study’s findings suggest that corporate real estate as a strategic resource has not been institutionalized at large due to cost-based decision-making, unprofessionalism, and bureaucracy. Notwithstanding, organizational culture also plays a great role in the implementation of SCREM. The culture, which is based on authority and risk aversion, hinders innovation and collaboration, whereas participatory and learning-oriented culture enhances strategic integration. The significant success enablers were identified to be the leadership cognition, communication, and cross-functional engagement. Digitization, sustainability, and performance metrics were established to be the future requirements of changing CRE into a strategic asset. This paper therefore recommends institutionalizing policy, leadership training, and digital reforms to ensure that CRE is a source of productivity, sustainability, and national development. On the whole, the study provides empirical data in Ghana and develops the SCREM theory by integrating cognition, culture, and governance in the institutions of developing economies.
Aini Zuki, Azzat Azizi Abdul Aziz, Hanafi Haron, Mastika Nasrun, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Nur Afifah Zahari, Nurrulhuda Ahmad, Siti Nurhusna Abdul Halim
This study examines the regulatory governance of small hydropower (SHP) as a renewable energy source in Malaysia and China through a comparative doctrinal and regulatory document analysis. While SHP is often presented as a lower-impact alternative to large hydropower, its sustainability depends on governance arrangements that ensure institutional coordination, adequate implementation capacity, financing support and environmental compliance mechanisms. The study analyses the legal and policy frameworks governing SHP development in Malaysia and China, with particular attention to incentive structures, administrative coherence and emerging sustainability standards. The findings suggest that Malaysia’s SHP development remains largely incentive-driven under the Feed-in Tariff system but is affected by fragmented governance and limited SHP specific regulatory safeguards. By contrast, China demonstrates stronger integration between legislation, fiscal instruments and provincial implementation, including evolving “Green Small Hydropower” governance initiatives. The study proposes staged regulatory governance reforms for Malaysia aimed at strengthening SHP sustainability, institutional accountability and long-term legitimacy.
Grace Gatune Murithi, Monicah Buyatsi Oundo, Pamela Gacheri Marangu
University students often experience quarter-life crisis, a transitional phase that requires momentous adaptation given the academic workloads, financial burden, relationship struggles and the uncertain future. Therefore, this study sought to examine the relationship between affective experiences and management of quarter life crisis among fourth year students in public universities ssin the Eastern region of Kenya. The correlational research design was adopted for the study with a population of 9,006 made up of fourth year university students and student counsellors. Purposive and stratified sampling techniques were used to select a sample of 368 respondents with 358 university students and 10 student counsellors. The instruments used for data collection were, self-mastery scale, students’ questionnaire and an interview guide. Prior to data collection, ethical clearance was done, the necessary permits obtained and respondents assured of confidentiality as well as voluntary participation. The collected date was analyzed through correlational analysis, descriptive statistics and thematic analysis methods with the aid of SPSS version 21.0. The findings indicated that there was a weak positive relationship between affective experiences and management of quarter life crisis among fourth year students in public universities in the Eastern region of Kenya. It was recommended that policy makers in the ministry of education infuse emotional intelligence into university curriculum in order to intentionally enhance students’ affective experiences in preparation for management of quarter life crisis. The psychologists to consider designing evidence-based interventions and programs to help students manage quarter life crisis through proactive affective experiences while the university students may need to be proactive in cultivating emotional maturity and investing appropriately for the inevitable quarter life crisis.
Amos Keya Alumada, Patricia Wanjiru Wanderi
The family is known as the basic unit of society and marital quality plays a significant role in its functioning because marriage is a partnership between a husband and a wife –a core feature of many family formations. Understanding a partner’s inner world, or “Love Maps,” has been theorized to strengthen emotional bonding and enhance marital outcomes. This study examined the relationship between Love Maps and marital quality among members of Karura Community Chapel (KCC) in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Guided by the Gottman Method Couples Therapy framework, the research employed a correlational research design. The target population consisted of 375 married individuals, from which a sample of 194 respondents was selected using stratified sampling method. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using correlation and regression analysis in SPSS 29. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between Love Maps and marital quality, with Love Maps explaining 33% of the variance in marital quality. The study highlights the importance of integrating Love Maps with broader marital interventions and suggests avenues for further research into additional predictors of marital satisfaction. Cultivating an intimate understanding of a partner’s inner world is an important factor in promoting marital quality. Counsellors should intentionally guide couples in developing their love maps at an early stage by facilitating structured activities that help partners explore each other’s emotional needs, beliefs, values, expectations, and long-term goals. Married couples are encouraged to actively prioritize the development of love maps by intentionally seeking a deeper understanding of each other’s thoughts, emotions, aspirations, and personal experiences.
Alice Bwalya Kapambwe
This study examined the influence of strategic planning practices on organizational performance at the Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority (ZAMRA), with particular attention to strategic alignment, resource utilization, and stakeholder involvement. In the context of increasing public health demands and regulatory complexity in Zambia, ZAMRA has implemented several strategic initiatives aimed at improving regulatory efficiency and service delivery. However, persistent challenges such as misalignment between plans and institutional goals, resource limitations, and weak stakeholder engagement have constrained effective performance. The objective of the study was to assess how strategic planning practices could be optimized to enhance ZAMRA’s organizational performance and support improved public health outcomes. Methodologically, the study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive research design using a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected simultaneously and analyzed separately, with greater emphasis placed on quantitative analysis. The findings revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between strategic alignment and organizational performance (r = 0.330, p = 0.019), as well as a strong positive association between employee feedback mechanisms and strategic effectiveness (r = 0.572, p = 0.000). Conversely, resource alignment demonstrated a weak negative correlation with performance (r = –0.289, p = 0.042), indicating inefficiencies in resource utilization. Major challenges included financial constraints, resistance to change, communication gaps, and bureaucratic processes. The study concluded that effective strategic planning is critical to enhancing ZAMRA’s performance. It recommended improved strategic alignment, efficient resource allocation, technological upgrades, enhanced stakeholder engagement, and strengthened human resource and operational systems to improve strategic execution and regulatory effectiveness.
Aina Afifah Azali, Zahidah Ab Latif
This study examines a research project titled Reliability Analysis of IR4.0 Skills and Technical Skills on Career Adaptability among Malaysian Home Economic Students. The main focus of the study is to evaluate the reliability of a questionnaire instrument developed to measure three main constructs: IR4.0 skills, technical skills, and career adaptability. The instrument consists of four main sections: Section A (demographic information), Section B (IR4.0 skills), Section C (technical skills), and Section D (career adaptability skills). To ensure both content validity and face validity of the instrument, a review was conducted by three experts, two in the field of fashion design and one language expert. Improvements were made to sentence structure, terminology selection, and item relevance based on their feedback to ensure alignment with the constructs being measured. A pilot study was then conducted involving 33 Form 4 and Form 5 students from the Home Science stream at SMK Dato Haji Kamaruddin, who were also involved in clothing construction lessons. The findings revealed that the overall Cronbach’s Alpha value for the items was 0.987, indicating a very high level of reliability. According to Tavakol and Dennick (2011), a high Cronbach’s Alpha value reflects strong internal consistency in measuring the same construct. They also noted that this value is influenced by the number of items and the sample size; a higher number of items directly related to the construct increases the likelihood of obtaining a stable Alpha value. Therefore, the instrument is considered valid and reliable for use in the main study. This research is expected to contribute to the enhancement of the TVET curriculum to be more aligned with current industry demands and the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Mohd Muslim Bin Md Zalli, Yang Xia
Given the current limited availability of measurement tools and insufficient reference materials on the dimensions and assessment of college students' psychological adaptation, this study aimed to develop and validate a new instrument through literature analysis and a pilot study. A review of existing psychological adaptation instruments used by domestic and international scholars informed the initial dimensions and items for assessing psychological adaptation among college students. Subsequently, a survey was administered to a sample of college students. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified five key dimensions of psychological adaptation: academic adaptation, interpersonal adaptation, emotional adaptation, self-adaptation, and campus life adaptation. Following the reliability and validity testing, the instrument demonstrated a Cronbach's α coefficient of .904 and a KMO measure of .932. After item refinement, 31 items were retained, resulting in a scale that shows potential as a measurement tool for assessing psychological adaptation in college students.
Amelia Binti Alias, Nurfaradilla Mohamad Nasri, Wang Tiantian
How effective is situational teaching in elementary school Chinese language instruction? Situational teaching emphasizes learning within meaningful, real-life contexts and is grounded in constructivist and situated cognition theories. This quasi-experimental study investigated 150 fourth-grade students across three urban primary schools in Henan Province, China, comparing situational teaching with conventional methods over an eighteen-week semester. Students in the experimental group received structured situational lessons twice a week, incorporating life-based and problem-based scenarios, while control classes followed standard instruction. Data were collected through standardized writing assessments, classroom observations, and student interviews. Results indicate that students receiving situational instruction scored significantly higher on writing tests, demonstrated greater intrinsic interest in learning Chinese, and nearly doubled their weekly classroom contributions. The largest gains were observed in content development and text organization, while mechanical writing skills improved less. These findings provide robust evidence for the benefits of situational teaching, highlight key implementation factors, and offer practical guidance for teachers seeking to enhance engagement and learning outcomes in primary school Chinese education.
Francis Ewulley
Student accommodation remains a critical yet underexplored dimension of higher education experience and academic achievement in Africa. While scholarship has long acknowledged the significance of teaching quality, curriculum relevance, funding, and institutional governance in shaping learning outcomes, relatively limited scholarly attention has been paid to the role of residential environments in mediating academic engagement and student success in Ghanaian higher education. This study examines how residential location, quality of living conditions, and contextual experiences influence academic engagement and academic outcomes among university students in Ghana, with specific focus on comparative experiences of on-campus and off-campus residents. Using a mixed-methods comparative design and data from 100 undergraduate students, the study integrates classical theoretical frameworks such as Tinto’s Student Integration Theory, Astin’s Student Involvement Theory, and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory with culturally grounded frameworks, including Culturally Responsive Pedagogy (CRP), place-based perspectives, decolonising African education lenses, and institutional culture analyses. Findings show that on-campus residence enhances institutional integration, access to learning resources, peer collaboration and academic participation, while off-campus residence is associated with commuting fatigue, infrastructural instability, heightened financial pressure and reduced engagement. However, academic outcomes are ultimately mediated by the quality of residential environments rather than mere location, with students in stable, socially supportive environments demonstrating stronger engagement and achievement. The study concludes that student housing in Ghana must be understood not only as an infrastructural concern but as a cultural, structural, social justice and educational equity issue. Policy implications emphasise intentional expansion of institutional housing, regulatory frameworks for private hostels, culturally responsive academic support systems and integration of housing within national higher education development strategies.
Ashran Idris, Hanafi Haron, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Nur Irdina Mohd Nazri, Nur Najihah Sofea Nor Zuki, Nurdianah Anisha Awang Samsudin
This paper compares the legal aspects of the regulation of natural gas in Malaysia and Singapore by exploring the influence of two contrasting models of governance on the determination of energy security, market performance and integration of sustainability. The research follows a doctrinal comparative approach, which examines statutory frameworks, regulatory agencies and policy instruments that regulate natural gas industries of the two jurisdictions. The concept of the study views Malaysia as a resource-state regime, which is characterised by centralised control and dominance by the state through PETRONAS, and Singapore is a market-state regime that is characterised by liberalisation, diversification of imports and regulatory autonomy under the Energy Market Authority. The results indicate that the resource-based framework of Malaysia gives more emphasis to strategic control and export-oriented production but limits market competition and price openness. Conversely, the liberalised regulatory architecture in Singapore promotes efficiency, investment assurance and consumer involvement since it entirely relies on imported natural gas. Both nations use natural gas as an intermediate gas for decarbonisation. However, Singapore has been using this as part of a market-oriented sustainability approach, compared to Malaysia, whose primary source of decarbonisation is mainly through state-imposed regulations. This research can benefit the field of Southeast Asian energy law by demonstrating that institutional design has a significant effect on regulation delivery and sustainable patterns. The discussion presents the significance of measured market liberalisation, consistency in regulations and independence in institutions as a way of attaining long-term energy security and the energy transition agenda in developing economies.
Tania Afroz Kanak
Among many, Muslin is the living fossil and symbol of cultural heritage in the history of Bangal textile. It still upholds the territorial identity, community engagement, transmission of cultural knowledge, social cohesion and sustainable urban development as the historical periods. About 200 years ago Dhaka Muslin was one of the most priceless and cherished good in this globe. This delicate and a little more than transparent yarn was manually made by the local weavers, spinners and farmers of Bangal than it was lost forever. But now Bangladeshi scientists and researchers have conducted intense research for almost ten years to revive Muslin Yarn and Fabric and partially succeed which is now established in the specific study area near Shitalakshya riverbank in Tarabo Municipality, Narayanganj District, Dhaka, Bangladesh named ‘Dhakai Muslin House.’ In this study, we have explained the prime methods and factors of crafting Muslin as it was in the earlier times and still in the current period. As, it is the only method of crafting pure Muslin yarn and fabric. So that, we can acknowledge, bring back and restore our history, culture, traditional artisanal practice and restore cultural heritage (intangible). To achieve this purpose, we have gone through various reference materials and primary records. According to our information, this data archive is currently the only data archive which has merged all the additional values with the mainstream research and enhanced the revival of Muslin Yarn and Fabric under the microclimatic aspects at the same time. The deliberated outcome of our discussion will not only put impact in the future research and training process of Muslin Yarn and Fabric revival and restoration but also mark it as a living cultural heritage all around the world and recognize as a cultural fingerprint for our future generation.
Mudathir Babatunde, Prof. Mubaraq Sanni
Public sector financial accountability is vital for effective governance since it is known to promote economic growth and development, facilitate efficient service delivery and enhance long-term financial and economic stability and sustainability. Achieving it, however, poses a serious concern particularly within the framework of local governance systems. Despite the availability of many revenue sources due to constitutional provisions and monthly allocations from the federation, local governments in Nigeria still face significant challenges in mobilizing and managing revenue effectively. It is in this regard that the study explores how revenue mobilization practices affect financial accountability in Southwest Nigeria local governments while considering the role of institutional quality. Mixed method research was adopted. A sample size of 320 respondents was derived from a population of 1, 896, made up of directors in the local governments and officers on grade level 10 and above in the Office of the Auditor General for Local Governments using stratified sampling technique. Descriptive analysis of data (mean scores; standard deviations) were displayed in tables while further analysis was done with the Partial Least Squire Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study found that regulatory compliance and efficient revenue collection significantly improve financial accountability (β = 0.201, t = 5.29, p < 0.001; β = 0.312, t = 6.93, p < 0.001). However, increased government allocations alone do not (β = -0.098, t = -2.97, p = 0.003). Institutional quality equally enhances the positive impact of compliance with revenue rules and efficient collection strategy on financial accountability but does not resolve issues related to increased government allocations. However, qualitative findings highlight major obstacles such as fragmented tax systems, low public trust, corruption, political interference and poor digitalization of revenue collection. The study concludes that revenue mobilization generally affects financial accountability and also that strengthening oversight institutions, enforcing revenue generation mechanisms and ensuring regulatory compliance are key drivers of financial accountability. It recommends building public trust through transparent reporting, automating revenue collections and curbing corruption as measures to boost revenue and enhance financial accountability and grassroots development.
Charles Chiponda, Tongai Dana
This research examined the vetting of non cadres and war collaborators at Elangeni Centre in Bulawayo during the April 2022 exercise, focusing on how the process affected dignity, welfare, and psychosocial wellbeing, and proposing reforms to improve Zimbabwe’s compensation frameworks. The study aimed to document lived experiences of marginalized veterans, assess the ethical and emotional impacts of vetting, and recommend reforms. Guided by Transitional Justice Theory and Just War Theory (Jus in Bello and Jus post bellum), the research analyzed vetting as both an institutional mechanism and a moral obligation, emphasizing recognition, fairness, and dignity restoration. A qualitative explanatory design was adopted, situating the inquiry within interpretivism. Data were collected through key informant interviews with veterans, officials, and community leaders, complemented by document analysis of legislative texts, constitutional provisions, and reports such as the ZIPRA Veterans Trust Report (2022) and the ZANU PF Central Committee Report (2021). Using thematic analysis, transcripts and documents were coded around three objectives. The study found that vetting was experienced as humiliating, politicized, and procedurally opaque, with affiliation based questioning reopening old wounds, corruption undermining credibility, and lack of psychosocial support retraumatizing participants. Women and elderly veterans were particularly disadvantaged, while delays and irregularities eroded trust in institutions. Statutory frameworks disproportionately favored combatant cadres, leaving informal actors marginalized. Overall, the research concludes that Zimbabwe’s vetting process has failed to meet constitutional and ethical standards, reproducing exclusion and trauma rather than recognition and healing. It argues that reforms must embed standardized criteria, trauma informed support, community participation, and depoliticized oversight, aligning national practice with global transitional justice principles and ensuring that all contributors to the liberation struggle are recognized with dignity and fairness.
Raihanullah Mohmand
Afghanistan is frequently portrayed in global discourse through highly selective narratives that emphasize war, extremism, and gender oppression. These portrayals are shaped by Orientalist frameworks, geopolitical interests, and media routines that prioritize crisis-driven storytelling. As a result, Afghanistan’s cultural diversity, historical complexity, and social resilience often remain absent from international representations. This article examines how such reductive narratives are constructed, reinforced, and circulated across media, academic, and political contexts. Drawing on postcolonial theory, discourse analysis, and autoethnographic reflection, the study analyzes the ways in which global media shape hetero-stereotypes of Afghanistan while overlooking everyday life, cultural continuity, and local agency. The analysis also considers how media exaggeration and simplification contribute to a narrow global imagination of Afghanistan. By bringing Afghan perspectives into the discussion, the article challenges dominant discourses and calls for more balanced, ethical, and contextually informed representations. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing Afghanistan as a complex and dynamic society rather than a static symbol of crisis.
Olukayode Sorunke
Insider threats remain one of the most persistent and damaging risks to organizational information security, largely because trusted access, human behavior, and governance weaknesses allow them to bypass traditional perimeter-based controls. As organizations increasingly adopt digital transformation, cloud computing, and remote work arrangements, the scale and complexity of insider threats continue to grow. This study empirically examines the role of enterprise risk management (ERM) in enhancing the effectiveness of insider threat mitigation by integrating governance, technical, and human-centric controls. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 210 cybersecurity, risk management, audit, and compliance professionals across multiple industries in North America and Europe. The study employs descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple regression, and moderation analysis to evaluate the relationships among ERM maturity, access control enforcement, monitoring and analytics capability, security awareness training, and insider threat mitigation effectiveness. The results indicate that ERM maturity is a significant predictor of insider threat mitigation effectiveness, accounting for a substantial proportion of the variance in organizational outcomes. Furthermore, access controls, continuous monitoring, and security awareness independently contribute to improved mitigation effectiveness. Importantly, interaction effects reveal that security awareness training positively moderates the effectiveness of technical controls, demonstrating a complementary relationship between human-centric and technical measures
Chukwucheta A. A, Le-ol Anthony E.N, Simbi-Wellington W. S
This research was conducted to assess the role of ornamental trees in mitigating climate change within the Rivers State University campus. Stratified random sampling technique was used to collect data on tree height and DBH using D-tape and clinometer. The allometric method was used to calculate the carbon the above and below ground biomass estimated from tree height and DBH. Terminalia superba, Casuarina equisetifolia and Gmelina arborea had the highest mean height of 48.24m, 40.54m and 33.66, while Monoon longifolium and Terminalia irvorensis had the least height of 29.93m and 21.49 respectively. Terminalia superba, Casuarina equisetifolia and Gmelina arborea had the highest mean diameters of 145.83cm, 90.66cm and 78.43m, while Monoon longifolium and Terminalia irvorensis recorded DBH of 58.47cm and 43.42cm. The above ground biomass was 155164.98, 50557.65 and 31283.69 tons for Terminalia superba, Casuarina equisetifolia and Gmelina arborea, while Monoon longifolium and Terminalia irvorensis recorded 15047.95 and 6150.91 tons. Terminalia superba, Casuarina equisetifolia and Gmelina arborea recorded the highest below ground biomass of 186197.96, 60669.18 and 37540.43 tons respectively and sequestered the highest carbon 206427.60, 67260.63 and 41619.05 tons respectively. This research has provided evidence on the potential of ornamental trees in mitigating climate change in the Rivers State University campus. Hence, urban planners and policy makers should incorporate trees such as Terminalia superba, Casuarina equisetifolia and Gmelina arborea in campus landscaping programs to serve dual purpose of aesthetics, climate amelioration and mitigation.
Anicia S. Madarang, Mark Joseph A. Ramos
This study aims to determine the role of educational leaders in implementing culturally responsive teaching practices in Mercedes District, Division of Camarines Norte. Employing a quantitative method using descriptive-correlational research design, 15 school heads, 17 master teachers, and 80 teachers participated through a validated and reliable researcher- made instrument, showing internal consistency among the indicators in the research instrument. Utilizing Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Version 20 in data analysis, various statistical tools such as Frequency Count and Percentage, Weighted Mean, and Somer’s Delta Contingency Coeffecient were used. Results revealed that most respondents were middle-aged female teachers with master’s units, over 22 years of service, and limited CRT training experience. Professional development, collaboration, and pedagogy were only occasionally practiced, with diversity materials most implemented and inclusive training least. Age and service length affected professional development, while education and position influenced all CRT roles; training attendance impacted development and collaboration, and sex had no effect. Budget limitations, lack of culturally relevant materials, and heavy workloads were the main challenges in professional development, collaboration, and pedagogy, respectively. Based on these findings, LAC Sessions entitled “Empowering Teachers for Inclusive Education: Learning Action Cell on Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) Practices” was proposed to improve teachers’ professional competence and instructional strategies in CRT.
Allan Jay S. Cajandig (Professor), Cherry Mae L. Valdez
Metacognitive skills and student engagement play crucial roles in enhancing mathematics performance among high school learners. This systematic review examines the metacognitive skills, student engagement, and mathematics performance of high school learners. Using the PRISMA methodology, a comprehensive search of the ERIC database with relevant keywords yielded 363 studies, which were screened and assessed for eligibility without duplicates. After full-text appraisal, 12 studies were included. The findings demonstrate that metacognitive regulation (planning, monitoring, evaluation) combined with multidimensional student engagement drives significant improvements in math achievement, with quantitative studies (10/12) showing consistent positive correlations. The review highlights the global relevance of these factors despite limited Philippine evidence (2/12 studies), emphasizing strategic self-regulation and behavioral/emotional/cognitive engagement as key mechanisms. These results provide evidence-based recommendations for educators to integrate metacognitive training and engagement strategies, particularly needed in under-researched local contexts like the Philippines. This review underscores the interplay of metacognitive and engagement factors as essential for high school math success and advocates for targeted interventions, including explicit strategy instruction and Philippine-specific research to bridge evidence gaps.
Airalyn Y. Alcain, June Rey A. Villegas, Lourence Angelou J. Bilangdal, Lucille A. Cartalla, Nelson A. Barrientos
In the Philippines, male solo parents constitute a minority, with 38 registered in Cebu’s 2nd Congressional District (DSWD Region VII, 2024)—a marginalized, understudied population. While existing literature addresses single-parent households, limited research explores firstborn adolescents in single-father families, whose roles are shaped by Adler’s Birth Order Theory and Erikson’s psychosocial development frameworks. This study examined their challenges, coping mechanisms, and actionable proposals. Using a qualitative multiple case study design, eight 15–19-year-old firstborn adolescents from the district were selected via purposive sampling until data saturation. Semi-structured interviews (validated and translated into Cebuano) and thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) were employed, with ethical safeguards including informed consent and post-interview emotional support. Results identified three key challenges: emotional deprivation from maternal absence and paternal emotional distance, parentification and heavy familial obligation, and financial scarcity limiting basic and educational needs—aligned with Bowen’s Family Systems Theory. Coping mechanisms included growth-oriented perseverance, social support networks, recreational/emotion-focused strategies, and cognitive reframing, integrating cultural values like pagmamalasakit (care) and faith. Conclusions highlight that these adolescents act as family stabilizers, with resilience shaped by personal agency and cultural context. Proposals include family-centered mental health programs, father–child bonding initiatives, and integrating a Paternal Support Framework into welfare policies to address their unique needs.
Emmanuel G. Pablo, Joanna Mae H. Sampaga, Lalaine D. Madanlo, Ruin A. Ponce
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many changes to people's everyday lives. Social distancing, lockdowns, and stay-at-home policies are ways police officers use to combat the pandemic. This study aimed to determine the level of satisfaction with the policing system in times of crisis, participated by 386 residents of Barangay Zone 1, Digos City, selected using random sampling, and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U Test and the Kruskal-Wallis Test. The results of this study show that citizens' satisfaction with the policing system during crises is high, indicating that police officers primarily carry out policing. Moreover, there is no significant difference in satisfaction with the policing system among citizens during times of crisis when respondents are grouped by age, civil status, and educational attainment. In contrast, male residents are more satisfied than female residents. Further, the findings of this study strongly recommend that police officers and other persons in authority use this as a reference to improve their policing systems, prevent crime, provide effective police service, and maintain peace and order.
Givemore Moyo, Linnet Zimusi
The aim of the study was to evaluate savings groups and social safety nets in rural Zimbabwe with reference to Umzingwane district. This was done through evaluation of the contribution of groups’ financial resources and social support to social safety nets, challenges faced by savings groups in providing social safety nets and strategies in place to mitigate the challenges faced by savings groups in providing social safety nets. The study adopted a sequential explanatory research design. Data was gathered using questionnaires which were administered to savings group members and interviews administered to committee members of savings groups in wards 3, 4 and 5 of Umzingwane district. The study revealed that the contribution of financial resources to social safety nets are that savings groups assist members in establishing businesses, mitigate effects of drought, in meeting education, medical, food and hygiene requirements as well as access to clean water. The study found that the contribution of social support from savings groups to social safety nets are that savings groups provide networks where ideas on handling shocks are shared and knowledge on how to mitigate risk is acquired. The study highlighted that the challenges faced by savings groups in providing social safety nets in rural Zimbabwe are inadequate loan amount, savings and social funds, politics in the groups, short loan repayment periods and lack of clear policies in handling of the social fund. The study revealed that the strategies in place to mitigate the challenges faced by savings groups in contributing to social safety nets are revision of policies in handling social funds and linkageof savings groups to mainstream banking. The study recommends that there should be clear policies in handling of social funds among the groups and that savings groups should be educated on governance insures so as to foster accountability, transparency and proper financial management to promote social safety nets.
Muhammad Irfan Mokhtar, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Norhartini Aripin, Zulaikha Khairuddin
In spite of the fast expansion of studies in this area, knowledge about how AI serves as an efficient scaffold for academic writing is fragmented and not systematically synthesised. To fill the gap, this paper provides an extensive systematic literature review analysing the role of AI assistance as a method to scaffold academic writing. The review of the articles was performed following the PRISMA guidelines for methodological transparency and consistency. Next, a series of advanced search strategies structured around 3 thematic keyword clusters was used to systematically search two major academic databases (Web of Science and Scopus) for studies published between 2020 and 2026. The themes found were: (1) learner engagement, agency, and affective responses in AI-assisted academic writing; (2) perceptions, acceptance, and ethics of AI-technologies in academic writing; and (3) pedagogic practices, instructional design & automated feedback in AI-supported writing. After identification, screening, eligibility, and quality assessment, 23 original studies remained for analysis. The reviewed evidence suggests that AI-assisted scaffolding could potentially contribute to academic writing development through fostering motivation, agency, and reducing affective barriers (e.g., writing-anxiety), provided that AI tools are integrated into well-designed instructional frameworks. In addition, the included studies stress a relatively positive outlook on AI technologies by learners and educators with ongoing ethical concerns of IDA tied to academic integrity, dependence, and authenticity. In addition, pedagogically informed teaching-learning environments and mindful application of automated feedback are found to be key elements in enhancing AI-supported writing. Overall, this review suggests that AI can have its greatest impact as a support structure for scaffolding rather than a substitute for instructional guidance, with implications applicable to both practice and policy in the implementation of AI in academic writing instruction going forward.
Connie Shin@Cassy Ompok, Lee Bih Ni
This study exploress how experiential learning, implemented through digital scrapbook-based activities, can serve as a medium for character development among preschool children from five ethnic groups in Sabah. Anchored in Kolb’s experiential learning theory, the research adopts a mixed-methods, quasi-experimental action-research design, featuring teacher-guided scrapbook projects that promote reflection, creativity, and cultural expression. By triangulating quantitative data from character development assessments with qualitative evidence drawn from scrapbook content, classroom observations, and interviews, the study examines how experiential and culturally responsive learning nurtures traits such as empathy, cooperation, and respect for diversity. The anticipated findings suggest that scrapbooks act not only as creative instructional tools but also as reflective cultural artefacts that support identity formation and intercultural understanding in early learners. The study contributes to early childhood education by presenting an innovative, culturally grounded model for holistic character education in Malaysia’s multicultural setting.
Bernalyn B. Amparado, Rubilyn S. Olorga, Vermont Khan L. Juvahib
This study investigates the correlation between the conferment of the Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) and stakeholders' satisfaction with public service delivery in selected cities and municipalities of the First Congressional District of Negros Occidental, Philippines. Anchored in the theories of New Public Management, Public Value Management, and Good Governance, the research evaluates the extent to which Local Government Units (LGUs) fulfill performance standards across ten core governance areas, including financial administration, disaster preparedness, social protection, and environmental management, among others. Employing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, the study integrates quantitative data from 750 respondents, comprising stakeholders and program implementers, with qualitative insights from in-depth interviews. The research instruments demonstrated strong validity and reliability, with a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.94, a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.871 for the stakeholders' instrument, and 0.878 for the implementers' instrument. Results reveal a generally high level of satisfaction among stakeholders, indicating that effective implementation of SGLG indicators positively influences public perception and trust. Nonetheless, findings highlight specific areas requiring attention, particularly participatory governance and the sustainability of local programs. These results suggest that while SGLG recognition reflects commendable governance practices, it must be coupled with consistent stakeholder engagement and adaptive strategies to address evolving community needs. The study underscores the importance of transparent, accountable, and community-centered governance. The findings imply that institutionalizing performance-based frameworks like the SGLG can strengthen public administration by aligning service delivery with citizen expectations and governance standards.
Abdul Jalil Omar, Azima Abd Manaf, Mohd Hasrol Haffiz Aliasak, Nur Danisha Mat Rofii
The rapid increase in stratified housing in Malaysia poses unique security challenges, including intrusion and theft. This study aims to identify the types of security service offerings and evaluate the level of their provision in strata residences. The research methodology employs a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with representatives of Joint Management Bodies (JMB/MC), security companies, and property managers. The findings indicate that the primary factors in company selection include experience, equipment/tools, track record, firm size, and price offerings. This study concludes that effective security management depends on a balance between cost and service quality. Future research suggestions focus on integrating smart security technology.
Noor-A-Jannath Tania, Rahul Bhattacharya
In Selina Hossain’s “Pokamakorer Ghorbosoti,” optimism is adroitly woven through various symbols throughout the entire tale of a bunch of fishermen, especially through the characters’ utmost belief in resilience and aspiration for a promising and brighter future. The protagonist of the novel, Malek, has been portrayed as a symbol of someone esteemed for his firm belief in optimism and resilience. Optimism empowers emotional resistance and influences people to surmount setbacks while walking on thin ice. It not only cultivates determination but also promotes decisions and patience that are extremely crucial for navigation during extremely difficult stages. Malek's optimism is not limited to his personal life. That extends to his dream for collective growth. He aspires for his community to conquer difficulties and improve their fortune, embracing new possibilities. Through the character Malek, Selina Hossain sings the song of the enduring human spirit. His firm belief in optimism underscores the importance of hope and trust in social transformation, even in insurmountable circumstances. The novel suggests that social norms can be restrictive, but there are ample opportunities for positive change and substantial progress, particularly through the efforts and aspirations of younger generations. The hero believes in the strength of the human mind and the belief that brighter and better day can come even when considering extreme adversity. Malek passionately believes that optimism can work as a catalyst for resilience and growth. Malek encompasses a strong fortitude to persevere and strive for a good purpose. He tries to bounce back from all the hardships adroitly. He shows great tenacity while tackling adverse situations.
Nor Fatin Abdul Jabar, Noraizati Aisyah Sohor
This study examines the discursive construction and normalisation of patriarchal ideology in mid-twentieth-century advertising through a socio-cognitive critical discourse analysis. This study analyses a representative 1950s domestic appliance advertisement through Teun van Dijk’s socio-cognitive framework of Critical Discourse Analysis, investigating the interaction between linguistic choices, visual components, and the social cognition that shapes discourse and society. The analysis demonstrates that textual strategies such as polarisation, presupposition, and evaluative language, in conjunction with visual elements like gendered positioning and symbolic domestic imagery, functioned to normalise the confinement of women to domestic labour while legitimising male authority as a benevolent provision. These discursive patterns establish collective cognitive frameworks that portray domesticity as an inherently feminine duty and consumerism as the appropriate solution for inequitable domestic labour. This study asserts that the advertisement, contextualised within its historical and ideological framework, served not merely as a promotional artefact but also as a powerful instrument for perpetuating and disseminating patriarchal gender norms across generations. The results underscore the enduring relevance of socio-cognitive Critical Discourse Analysis in elucidating how quotidian media discourse sustains gender inequality and highlight the imperative of critical media literacy in challenging entrenched ideological paradigms in contemporary contexts.
Muhammad Amirul Hakimi Hussin, Nur Syafiqah binti Yaccob
The integration of digital technology in educational settings has revolutionized teaching and learning processes, particularly in language acquisition. This study investigates the effectiveness of Quizizz, a game-based learning platform, in enhancing vocabulary learning outcomes among Semelai Aboriginal pupils in Years 4 to 6. The Semelai community, representing one of Malaysia’s indigenous groups, faces persistent challenges in language proficiency due to limited exposure and culturally relevant resources. This study focuses on exploring Semelai pupils’ current perceptions, attitudes and motivations related to Quizizz and vocabulary. The findings aim to provide empirical evidence to support the adoption of innovative educational technologies within indigenous education contexts and promoting inclusivity. This study also discusses implications for educators and policymakers in designing culturally responsive and technology-integrated teaching and language learning tools.
Anarie Sarueda, Anthony James Cadilanza, Cedrik Unabia, Charlene Bot-oy, Christian Lyn Lamban, Cristian Kyle Cedantes, James Ryan Datulio, Joel Datulio, PhD, Mariel Manatad, Melchor Largado
Making a career decision is a significant challenge for students entering Senior High School, as they must choose a track aligned with their interests and future career paths. Many students, however, are enrolled in strands they did not originally choose, making it important to understand their experiences. This study aimed to uncover the challenges and reflections of the Grade 11 students regarding their enrolled academic strands. It used a qualitative, phenomenological research design anchored on the Developmental Theory of Ginzberg (1996), which views career development as a lifelong process progressing through fantasy, tentative, and realistic—each reflecting evolving preferences, abilities, and opportunities. Eight (8) Grade 11 students participated in this study selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were gathered using semi- structured interviews with open- ended questions to obtain rich data. Results revealed four major themes regarding their challenges: doubts about the enrolled strand, fear of research subjects, difficulty adapting to a new learning environment, and indecisiveness in academic choices. In terms of reflections, five key themes emerged: preparation for college, acceptance of academic difficulty as a challenge, acquisition of quality learning, thoughtful selection of options, and development of responsibility. The findings implies that although students face significant anxiety and academic struggle at the start, these difficulties are essential for building the skills needed for college. Through overcoming initial doubts and fears, students learn to take full responsibility for their own education. The results further suggest that schools should continue to offer challenging coursework while providing the necessary guidance to help students turn their early struggles into meaningful personal growth. Essentially, promoting a supportive environment will encourage students to seek help when needed and enhance their overall experience.
Honest Tshuma, Sheron Gomera, Zwelani Dube
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global education and exacerbated mental health challenges among adolescents. This study explored the post-pandemic mental health issues faced by secondary school learners in the Colleen Bawn cluster, Gwanda District. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, data were collected from five teachers and ten Form 4 learners through semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Thematic analysis revealed a high prevalence of truancy, sleep disturbances, depression, and substance abuse. The study highlights a critical lack of counseling resources and recommends urgent school-based mental health investment.
Anuar bin Sopian
This study discusses the significant contributions of the classical Arab linguist, Sibawayh (d. 180H/796CE), in the formation and development of Arabic grammar through his seminal work, Al-Kitab. The objective of this study is to analyse the methodological approach employed by Sibawayh in formulating Arabic grammatical theory, as well as the impact of his work on the development of modern Arabic linguistics. Using a qualitative and textual analysis approach, this study examines the contents of Al-Kitab, including the use of qiyās (analogical reasoning), empirical methods, and descriptive and deductive approaches grounded in authoritative sources such as the Qur'an and classical Arabic poetry. The study also considers the historical background, the influence of Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi as Sibawayh’s teacher, and the differences between the Basran and Kufan schools which influenced the formation of grammatical theories. The findings reveal that Al-Kitab not only laid a solid foundation for the standardisation of Arabic grammar but also remains relevant in modern linguistic discourse. This work demonstrates Sibawayh’s ability to formulate grammatical rules scientifically despite not being a native Arabic speaker, making him a pivotal pioneer in the Islamic intellectual tradition.
Famisha Harmila Mohammed Fuad, Haniza Nahar, Mohd Nazrien Zaraini, Nurhashikin Mohd Salleh, Siti Rahayu Selamat
The increasing importance of digital connectivity and data-driven processes has made selecting the right network infrastructure in office settings crucial. As organizations expand and adopt more devices and services, managing network performance and reliability becomes increasingly complex. This study aims to address key concerns businesses face when deciding on the most suitable network setup for office use. The study analyzes and compares wired and wireless NetSim simulations with 25 users, single-floor office layout, measuring key performance metrics such as latency, throughput, and jitter under similar simulated conditions. The study consists of three main processes: project planning and requirements analysis, network design, and simulation preparation. The results show that wired networks consistently outperform wireless networks in terms of throughput, latency, and jitter. While wireless throughput was slightly higher under light load, wired networks achieved up to 3.4 times higher throughput under heavy traffic, with latency 78 - 115 times lower and jitter up to 224 times lower. Besides, the findings demonstrate that wired networks provide superior reliability and performance, particularly under high-load conditions, making them more suitable for performance-critical office environments.
Gian Carlo G. Onia, Jarold Jan Silverio, Kevin Timothy Doniza, Minerva C. Zoleta, Regine Libongcogon, Ronnie Bas
The successful safeguarding of individual property against not only unobtrusive intrusion, but also aggressive dispossession, is a root requirement to commuter security in the swiftly developing environment of the modern transit systems. Conventional security systems like padlocks are the common ones; however, this system is passive and does not give an immediate notification to the owner at the most crucial stages of the theft attempt. As a result, intelligent and automated personal security systems development is highly demanded. The current paper describes the design, production, and implementation of a low-cost and automated anti-theft bag, which is specifically designed to help in reducing the cases of pick pocketing and snatching. The project will attempt to emulate commercial capabilities of security solutions and combine the ideas of sensor fusion, kinetic monitoring, and embedded system control into a wearable form factor. The Arduino Nano microcontroller is the core element of the system architecture as it is the main processing unit. It uses a dual-sensor system with an interlocking reed switch that detects zipper violations, and an SW-420 vibration sensor that reacts to violent movement that can serve as an indicator of snatching; the latter has a variable sensitivity potentiometer to reduce false alarms due to normal walking. The security system is actuated by using a dual-feedback system with a high-decibel piezo buzzer as an acoustic deterrent and high-intensity LED to indicate the status. The control software is a finite state machine (FSM) with the logic of a Smarts Latch, Wiggle Filtering to eliminate spurious activations, and manual reset hardware interrupt routines. Practical confirmation The experimentally determined detection accuracy is 100 per cent with sensor thresholds suitably adjusted. To conclude, this project illustrates that a practical implementation of robotics and computer programming can be used to develop wearable technology and it is conclusive that highly challenging security problems can be effectively modeled with the help of affordable, easily accessible hardware.
M.M Sajjatul Islam, Nur Muhammad, Sumit Saha Swapno
Bangladesh is a developing and overpopulated coun- try, where the increase in population has led to a reduction in arable land while the demand for food is rising, and diseases are spreading due to people’s lack of awareness. New diseases and pathogens are emerging and spreading among people. Due to the increase in population, the demand for medicines has also increased, but the decrease in arable land has made it difficult to obtain complete medicinal plants. This research proposes a low-cost IoT-based greenhouse system capable of creating a suitable environment for cultivating medicinal plants. The advanced system uses several gas sensor nodes to detect NH3, CO, smoke, and CO2, and if harmful gases increase, it triggers an alarm and notifies via email/messages. Additionally, by using soil moisture sensors, we can determine when the soil needs watering or how much water is available, and whether the soil is wet or dry. Temperature sensors inside the greenhouse provide information on the temperature, and if it gets too hot, a cooling fan is used to regulate the temperature. Moreover, there are other sensors such as a water level sensor, which indicates how much water is accumulated in the tank or specific water storage areas. If the water level decreases, it automatically refills through a motor. A rain sensor also detects external rainfall. Using these sensors, environmental parameters are monitored in real-time to create an ideal environment for cultivating medicinal plants. This system addresses common challenges in traditional agriculture, such as resource waste and unfavorable growth conditions. Furthermore, with the increasing population, we are facing challenges in meeting food and medicinal needs, but the smart greenhouse system can fulfill these demands for food and medicine.
Abdulhadi Haruna Aliyara, Achinulo Ogochukwu Favour, Ishaku Rimamtanung Nyiputen (PhD)
This study examines the socio-economic factors influencing prostitution in Wukari local government of Taraba State, Nigeria. Prostitution, often considered a deviant behavior, persists due to various economic, social, and cultural dynamics. The study explores the causes, patterns of establishment, and modes of operation of prostitution within the region, focusing on economic hardship, broken homes, migration, and urbanization as major contributing factors. Using primary data, the research employs statistical analysis to assess the impact of prostitution on the local economy and its social consequences. Findings suggest that poverty, unemployment, and lack of parental guidance significantly contribute to the prevalence of prostitution, while societal attitudes and stigmatization hinder rehabilitation efforts. The study concludes that targeted economic empowerment programs, stricter regulatory frameworks, and enhanced social interventions are crucial for addressing the issue. Key word: socio-Economic factors, prostitution, effects and economic growth
Abubakar Muhammad Gidado, Bolaji Julius Ibiloye, Joshua Kadmi Luka, Muhammad Abdulhahim Onimisi, Sunday Odey Umoru
In light of the ongoing global energy shift, this paper examines the socioeconomic factors influencing Nigeria's adoption of renewable energy. By reviewing how income distribution, public spending, energy prices, and job arrangements affect outcomes related to renewable energy, it closes a gap in the body of prior work. This study examines the short- and long-term correlations between important variables using annual data from 1990 to 2022 and an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing method. The results demonstrate a long-term equilibrium relationship in which income inequality, energy costs, and employment in the fossil fuel sector all significantly impede the adoption of renewable energy. There is no statistically significant long-term impact from government spending, renewable energy employment, or foreign direct investment. However, there is a slight negative link between renewable energy adoption and economic growth. The results emphasise the need for targeted legislative measures to remove societal and sectoral barriers to Nigeria's transition to sustainable energy.
Carolyn Elizabeth Kudozia, Evelyn Bediakoh-Adu, Nii Ayitey Komey, Roland Yaw Kudozia, Salifu Abdul Razak
Cloud computing and broader ICT interventions have become key enablers of Ghana’s digital transformation agenda, shaping how public services are delivered, how firms compete, and how citizens participate in economic and social life. Yet, while technical and regulatory analyses of Ghana’s digital ecosystem are growing, there is comparatively less synthesis of the socioeconomic impacts associated with cloud and related digital infrastructure. This paper examines the socioeconomic implications of cloud computing and ICT interventions in Ghana’s digital economy using secondary data drawn from official statistics, policy documents, multilateral diagnostics, and peer-reviewed studies. The analysis adopts a structured framework that links cloud and ICT capabilities to four impact domains: (1) productivity and firm performance; (2) financial inclusion and digital financial services; (3) public service delivery and human capital development; and (4) employment, skills, and regional inclusion. Within each domain, the paper combines Ghana-specific indicators and case examples with comparative regional evidence to assess how cloud-enabled platforms, data centres, connectivity investments, and digital public infrastructure are influencing economic opportunity and inequality. The findings suggest that cloud and ICT interventions have contributed to measurable gains in financial inclusion, the expansion of digital services, and the emergence of new ICT-intensive business models, while also exposing persistent gaps in skills, infrastructure, and institutional capacity. The paper argues that realising the full development potential of cloud computing in Ghana requires deliberate policies to address spatial and social inequalities in access, strengthen complementary capabilities in skills and organisational readiness, and align cloud adoption with national development priorities. The study concludes by outlining a research agenda for mixed-method and longitudinal work on cloud-enabled development outcomes in Ghana and comparable African economies.
Engr. Minerva C. Zoleta, Janette Grace N. Siervo, Janine P. Natalia, Mark Dennis L. Larioza, Mark Edisol M. Asistio, Nayeff L. Dingding
To address the increasing needs of sustainable and active security options, this research paper proposes the creation of the Solar-Powered Smart Guard which is an autonomous surveillance system that is capable of working without the electrical system. The conventional security systems tend to be affected by dependency on constant power and passive recording functions, which make them useless during downtimes or need to be monitored manually. The proposed project will overcome these shortcomings by incorporating PIR motion sensors, IoT connectivity, and a solar powered energy harvesting system into the Arduino Uno and ESP32-CAM. The system uses sensor fusion algorithms to remove noise in the environment which is a huge filter and the false alarms are minimized and the correct intrusion detection is made. After checking the movement, the device will automatically activate local deterrence by using high-intensity floodlights and audible alarms and also send real-time email alerts and photographic alerts to the user over a GSM network. The results of the tests ensured the capability of the system to support 24/7 autonomous functioning because of its Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charging circuit and ensured a high percentage of passing the tests in the differentiation between human movement and the environmental stimuli. The Solar-Powered Smart Guard is an effective product that offers a low cost, power saving and self sustaining alternative to traditional perimeter security.
Hosne Ara Sharmin, Jowaher Raza, Muhammad Qumrul Hassan
Morphoclimatic systems are responsive to climatic fluctuations and human-induced land transformations, especially within rapidly urbanizing regions of South Asia. This study examines the spatiotemporal patterns of land use and land cover (LULC) change and related climatic variability in Barlekha Upazila, northeastern Bangladesh, from 2005 to 2021, focusing on their implications for morphoclimatic processes. Multi-temporal satellite images from 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2021 were analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. Major LULC categories—water bodies, vegetation, agricultural land, and built-up areas—were identified through an unsupervised classification method. Climatic parameters, including temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity, were obtained from NASA datasets to assess seasonal and interannual variations and their linkage with LULC dynamics.
Amelie L. Chico, John Andrae S. Superales, Nilva T. Abajero, Shaishe Mae P. Paranas
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Strategic Human Resource Management and Safety Climate Practices among Human Resource Practitioners. A non-experimental quantitative research design using the descriptive correlation technique was employed to scrutinize the statistical relationship between these two variables. There are 100 HR practitioners from different companies within Davao Del Norte were selected as respondents utilizing random sampling technique. Data was collected through questionnaires, ensuring reliability through Cronbach Alpha analysis and validity through panel and research adviser reviews. Descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviations were utilized to summarize and present the collected data. The overall mean for Strategic Human Resource Management was 4.55, indicated as ‘very high’ while the Safety Climate Practices got the overall mean of 4.47, also indicated as ‘very high’. Furthermore, the null hypothesis is rejected, therefore, the findings showed that there is significant relationship between Strategic Human Resource Management and Safety Climate Practices among Human Resource Practitioners.
Dr. Florence Kemuma Maranga, Gilbert Mokua Bitange, Margaret Ondieki Nyamwaya
This study examined strategies for enhancing barista mastery skills and their influence on coffee service quality in rated restaurants in Nairobi County, Kenya. Guided by SERVQUAL Theory and Experiential Learning Theory, the study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional mixed-methods research design. The target population comprised 150 baristas, 25 restaurant supervisors, and 15 food and beverage managers drawn from rated restaurants, from which a sample of 120 respondents was selected using stratified sampling based on restaurant star ratings and purposive sampling for key informants. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires, while qualitative data were obtained through key informant interviews and direct observation of coffee preparation and service practices. The study assessed key strategies for enhancing barista mastery, including formal training and certification, on-the-job experiential learning, mentorship and coaching, investment in modern coffee equipment, implementation of standard operating procedures, and quality assurance systems. Coffee service quality was evaluated using SERVQUAL dimensions—reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles supplemented by sensory attributes such as taste consistency, aroma, temperature control, and presentation. Descriptive findings indicated that on-the-job experiential learning and mentorship were the most commonly applied strategies, while formal training and adherence to standard operating procedures varied across establishments. Overall coffee service quality was rated moderate to high, with reliability and tangibles recording the highest mean scores, whereas empathy and personalized service scored comparatively lower. Inferential analysis using Pearson correlation revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between barista mastery enhancement strategies and coffee service quality (r = 0.68, p < 0.01). The study concludes that barista mastery is a multidimensional construct shaped by technical training, experiential learning, managerial support, and standardized operational systems. It recommends continuous professional development, structured mentorship programs, strengthened implementation of standard operating procedures, and institutionalized certification pathways. Additionally, closer alignment between industry practices and TVET curricula is advocated to sustainably enhance coffee service quality in rated restaurants.
Amirul Hamisan, Hadafi Fitri Mohd Latip, Miza Syazwani Mahaidhar
Background: Hand and grip strength are commonly used indicators of upper limb muscular capacity and overall physical performance. While these measures are often employed in clinical and research settings, their relationship with functional performance outcomes remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to examine the interrelationships among three measures of hand strength— Griptest, Handgriptest, and Pinchtest—and to explore their association with an overall performance variable, Result. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 70 participants. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed to assess the relationships among the strength measures and their associations with the Result variable. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. Results: The three strength measures were strongly and positively correlated with each other (Griptest– Handgriptest: r = .590, p < .001; Griptest–Pinchtest: r = .553, p < .001; Handgriptest–Pinchtest: r = .720, p < .001), indicating high internal consistency. In contrast, the Result variable showed weak, negative correlations with the strength tests, with only Handgriptest exhibiting a small but significant negative association (r = –.279, p = .019). Griptest and Pinchtest were not significantly correlated with Result. Conclusion: The findings confirm that Griptest, Handgriptest, and Pinchtest are reliable indicators of hand strength, yet hand strength alone does not fully predict performance outcomes. Functional performance appears to be influenced by additional factors such as coordination, endurance, and task-specific skills. These results highlight the importance of comprehensive assessment approaches that integrate strength and functional measures for evaluating upper limb performance.
Le Thi Nha Truc, Le Xuan Quynh
This study examines how structural power relations, cultural meanings, and tourism development interact to shape community participation in the Khmer Ok Om Bok Festival in Tra Vinh, Vietnam. Situated within an ethnic-minority context where ritual practices carry profound spiritual significance, the festival is undergoing increasing transformation as heritage-tourism initiatives intensify. The research adopts a qualitative-driven mixed-methods design integrating descriptive survey data (n = 328) with 20 in-depth interviews. Findings reveal a pronounced participation gap: while cultural attachment and ritual involvement remain strong, community participation in festival governance is limited. Through an integrated CBT–Arnstein–TPB framework, the study demonstrates that tokenistic governance structures, uneven benefit distribution, and concerns about cultural authenticity suppress perceived behavioral control and diminish local agency. The study contributes to debates on cultural change, festival transformation, and minority heritage politics by explaining why cultural centrality does not translate into institutional power, and argues that sustainable festival-based tourism requires redistributing authority, formalizing community roles, and safeguarding ritual integrity amid commercialization pressures.
Hanifah Jambari, Nur Dina Charma, Sharifah Maryam Syed Azman
Learners with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often struggle to acquire and apply vocational skills. This underscores the need for structured and inclusive teaching methods in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). This literature review looks at how effective the Structured Teaching Model, based on the TEACCH framework, is for improving vocational skill development in learners with ASD. It draws from 14 peer-reviewed studies to show structured teaching approaches integrating visual supports, behavioral sequencing, workplace adaptations, and technology-enhanced tools to support vocational learning and employment readiness. The findings reveal that structured teaching consistently improves accuracy in vocational tasks, skill mastery, independence, and work readiness when used as a complete instructional system rather than just a collection of separate strategies. Visual supports and behavior sequencing are the most effective for teaching procedural vocational skills. Job coaching and structured workplace settings are essential for helping learners generalize these skills. Technology-based methods, like augmented and virtual reality, offer promising benefits for engagement and practice, but their use depends on the context. This review adds to the literature by presenting structured teaching as a flexible teaching framework for inclusive TVET. The findings highlight the need for teacher training, strengthening institutional capacity, and supporting policies to ensure effective and widespread implementation. This will ultimately enhance vocational outcomes and increase workforce participation for learners with ASD.
Abdallah Saleh Abdallah, Muhammad Saiful Anuar Yusoff, Nor Hairunnisa Mohammad Nor, Nor Syamimi Iliani Che Hassan, Suryani Awang
Religious values and attitudes are assumed to influence an individual's intentions and motivate him to perform the act of attending an English program in mosques. The purpose of this study is to explore students' perception of their willingness to attend English language programs conducted in mosques. The data were obtained from 160 respondents from five study programmes at UiTM Kelantan Branch. The data were analysed using SmartPLS 3 software based on a study model developed from the data. A test on the model revealed that attitudes did not influence the intention of students to attend English programs in mosques. However, religious values were reported to positively influence the respondents' intention to attend English programmes in mosques. The results of this study provide useful insights to uncover the affective components that motivate students to attend English programs in mosques. These results suggest that the importance of English from a religious point of view should be emphasised to motivate students to attend English language programmes anywhere.
Ahmed H. Eljack, Amel Hassan Mohamedkheir
Proverbs are an integral part of a society’s collective heritage, embodying the values and principles passed down through generations. This study explores the role of Sudanese proverbs in shaping managerial decision-making processes, focusing on how cultural wisdom can be integrated into modern decision-making practices. Using a qualitative approach, the research collects and analyzes Sudanese proverbs relevant to managerial decision-making. These proverbs were categorized into common themes and aligned with established decision-making theories, including Rational Decision Theory, Intuitive Decision-Making Theory, Consequences Theory, and Psychological Theories of Indecisiveness. Through thematic analysis, the study illustrates how proverbs reinforce key decision-making behaviors, such as gathering information, trusting intuition, considering long-term consequences, and addressing indecision. The findings highlight how Sudanese proverbs align with core decision-making principles. They emphasize early problem identification, in-depth analysis, and avoiding superficial judgments, reinforcing the need for flexibility and root cause analysis. The proverbs also stress the importance of intuition and self-reliance, encouraging individuals to trust their instincts, especially in uncertain situations. Additionally, they advocate for the careful consideration of both immediate and long-term consequences, in-line with Consequences Theory. The study also reveals how psychological factors, such as information overload and anxiety, contribute to indecision and choice paralysis, supporting psychological theories of indecisiveness.
MUSA Tahir Ibrahim, ODEH Godfrey Ofukwu
The rapidly evolving digitalization of supply chains has transformed traditional procurement processes, thereby enhancing efficiency and collaboration. However, this increased reliance on digital technologies exposes organizations to heightened cyber risks. This conceptual paper qims to explore the double-edged sword of supply chain digitalization (SCD): While SCD, offers significant benefits in efficiency and transparency, it also introduces and increases the vulnerability to cyber risks. Leveraging concepts from Supply Chain Management (SCM), Information Systems (IS), and Cybersecurity, this paper develops a basis to understand how the adoption of key digital technologies—such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, Cloud Computing, and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems—widens the cyber-attack surface. This is particularly critical in a developing country like Nigeria, where challenges like inadequate digital infrastructure, limited cybersecurity skills, and evolving regulatory environment worsen inherent weaknesses. We discuss the potential consequences and suggest a theoretical model for developing cyber-resilient digital supply chains, and providing a groundwork for future empirical research. In addition, we discussed concepts of Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, combined with elements of organizational Resilience Theory (Sheffi, 2015). The TOE framework suggests that technology adoption is influenced by the technological setting, the organizational readiness, and the environmental pressures. We extend this by arguing that in a high-risk environment (the 'E' factor, which includes the cyber threat environment), the adoption of technology (SCD) must be balanced against the resulting system exposure (Vulnerability to cyber-risks -VCR).
Bradley Mberi, Zimuto Calistus Magaya
This study investigated the survival strategies adopted by informal traders in Harare in dealing with the effects of Covid-19. A cross-sectional survey was used to gather data from a sample of 144 informal traders drawn through cluster sampling from Magaba, Mupedzanhamo, Glenview 8, Mbare Musika, Seke Road Flyover, Epworth, Mbudzi Roundabout, Coca Cola-Adbernie, Jambanja Market Chitungwiza trading areas. Findings from the exploratory factor analysis revealed that informal sector players adopted strategies such as shift to on-demand and fast moving products, selling within proximity to place of residence, laying off employees, use of mobile money for business transactions, defying lockdown protocols, selling at usual points, use of alternative sources of power for production, shifting all goods back home to avoid rentals, limiting other household expenditure, dipping into savings and profits to fund expenses, borrowing from friends and family, door to door delivery services, disposal of assets, online vending (WhatsApp, Facebook), defaulting repaying all outstanding loan balances, backyard factories and shops and defaulting repaying all rates to city councils. The study recommended that informal businesses that have been severely affected during the COVID-19 crisis can take alternative approaches such as partnership strategies. Through collaboration with other informal businesses, they can recover from financial distress and other effects caused by Covid-19. It was also revealed in this study that the government and other private organisations should start education on running successful businesses during economic shocks and pandemics such as Covid-19 and other outbreaks that are unforeseen.
Shelton Chinorumba
Mining continues to play a pivotal role in the economies of many Global South countries, yet its contribution to sustainable development and long-term economic resilience remains contested. This paper examines sustainability as a core strategy for future proofing mining-related businesses, with particular emphasis on value addition as a persistent structural vulnerability for mining-dependent economies in the Global South. Despite their critical position in global mineral supply chains, many resource-rich developing countries remain locked into extractive models characterized by raw mineral exports, environmental degradation, and limited socio-economic transformation. Using a mixed-methods approach that integrates comparative case studies and secondary quantitative indicators, the study contrasts sustainability integration and value addition practices in selected Global South and Global North contexts. The findings reveal that firms and governments in the Global North leverage strong institutions, advanced technologies, and coherent industrial policies to embed sustainability and downstream beneficiation within mining value chains. In contrast, Global South economies face institutional weaknesses, capital constraints, skills shortages, and policy inconsistencies that limit effective sustainability integration and business future proofing. The paper argues that weak local beneficiation represents an “Achilles’ heel” that undermines both corporate resilience and national development outcomes in the Global South. Drawing lessons from resource-poor but economically successful countries, the study emphasizes the need for context-specific sustainability frameworks, strategic industrial policy, and inclusive governance mechanisms. The paper contributes to debates on sustainable mining, development economics, and business resilience by positioning sustainability-driven value addition as a strategic imperative rather than a regulatory burden.
Salisu Mohammed Saani
In recent years, the need for sustainable business practices has become increasingly urgent, particularly in the context of developing economies. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population growth in these regions have led to significant environmental challenges, including resource depletion, waste accumulation, and biodiversity loss. As businesses strive to maintain competitive advantage while addressing these pressing environmental concerns, sustainable business practices grounded in circular economy principles are emerging as viable pathways forward. This proposal seeks to explore how businesses in developing economies can transition to sustainable practices and integrate circular economy principles, focusing on key areas such as waste reduction, resource efficiency, and the development of sustainable supply chains. The concept of a circular economy redefines traditional notions of production and consumption by emphasizing a systemic shift away from the linear "take-make-dispose" model towards a regenerative framework. This approach seeks to maximize the value of resources by extending their life cycle, minimizing waste, and promoting the continual use of resources through recycling, reuse, and remanufacturing. In developing economies, where economic growth and urbanization exert considerable pressure on natural resources, adopting circular economy principles presents a critical opportunity to foster sustainable development while mitigating environmental degradation.
Andrea Amor Dimalibot, Angelica Bautista, Jamela Diane Florague, Kendrick Neri, Oscar Jr. Ancheta, Sharmaine Biares, Sherby Manzo
This qualitative case study examines the integration of Philippine folklore in the kindergarten classrooms of selected schools in San Fernando City, La Union Philippines. Understanding the significance of traditional stories in fostering cultural identity as well as the impacts on the development of the children such as language skills, creativity, and cultural awareness. The study explores how different types of Philippine Folklore are integrated in kindergarten classrooms as well as what are the delivery modes nowadays as we live in 21st century. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with ten experienced kindergarten teachers, alongside classroom observations and document analysis. The findings highlight the value of integrating folklore through storytelling, songs, and interactive play. These methods not only promote imagination and critical thinking but also strengthen students’ appreciation for Filipino heritage and community values. The research suggests that incorporating folklore into daily routines enhances both cognitive development and emotional well-being by instilling a sense of belonging and pride in Filipino culture.
Oladipo, Alaka
This paper examines the twin Concept of Sustainable Development and Efficient Tax Regimes. The nexus and interplay of Taxation Sustainability and Development study the social determinants whom the tax regime serve for sustainable development. The writer looks at the issue of multiplier effects and economic growth of taxation policy through the prism of jobs creation, sustainable development, underdevelopment, negative trends, poverty and challenges responses to taxation justice, and the need for fiscal policy redirection in Nigeria. It further examines how plausible is taxation to achieve sustainable development? How to integrate the sustainable development strategy with effective and efficient taxation? How to monitor results of the sustainable development strategy with taxation through coordinated approach strategies, what can sustain sustainable development? This work will examine and assess the recent attempts to achieve sustainable taxation system of the new administration law assented and passed into law by the President on the 26th June, 2025. The paper will conclude that sustainable development transformed growth and quality of life but can taxation regime bring this into reality in view of endemic corruption, poverty, underdevelopment and lack of accountability and transparency in democratic governance in Nigeria?
Melchor M. Amor, Melody V. Abiera
This study investigated the competence, performance, and inclusive literacy practices of elementary educators in the Mercedes District. Utilizing a quantitative descriptive-correlational design, the research assessed performance through IPCRF ratings and inclusive practices via a validated questionnaire. Teachers achieved an "Outstanding" performance level across all Key Result Areas, particularly in Content Knowledge and Pedagogy. Inclusive literacy dimensions were consistently practiced, with Assessment and Evaluation and Cultural Competencies emerging as the most evident practices. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between professional competence and inclusive practices, notably between Community Linkages and Cultural Competencies. Conversely, challenges were "sometimes experienced," with Differentiated Instruction and Instructional Strategies identified as the primary obstacles. A significant negative relationship confirms that increased proficiency in inclusive practices reduces the frequency of encountered challenges. While teachers exhibit high professional mastery and a strong commitment to equity, environmental barriers such as resource scarcity and rigid curriculum planning hinder seamless implementation. The results suggest that teacher willpower alone is insufficient; institutional support is vital to mitigating obstacles in diversity-focused environments. The study proposes Project MELODY (Mobilizing Educators for Literacy Optimization and Diversity-Yielding Practices) to bridge gaps in action research and community mobilization. Recommendations include providing greater administrative flexibility for differentiation, prioritizing funds for diverse literacy tools, and establishing peer-mentoring systems through School-based Learning Action Cells (SLAC).
Miyoba Mathilda, Mutota Mwalishinka, Penda Annie
Zambia is among many countries that has shown commitment towards the implementation of inclusive education following the Salamanca conference of the 1994. However, there are few researches on the teachers’ perception towards the implementation of inclusive education. The study was conducted at two selected primary schools of Chipata district. The objective of this study was; to explore the teachers’ perception towards the implementation of inclusive education in two selected primary schools. The sampling procedure used in the study was Purposive and Quota sampling technique. Primary data was obtained through unstructured interview guide, observation checklist and focused group discussion guide. The Education standard officer- Special Education, School Administrators, Teachers, learners with and without disabilities formed 39 sample of this study. Data analysis was through thematic analysis. The major findings of the study were that the teachers had negative perception towards the implementation of inclusive education and this reflected in failure of accepting learners with disabilities in the two primary schools The findings showed strong consensus of teachers’ negative perception such as lack of having pedagogical skills, having negative attitude, lack of training in special and inclusive education, and they were just following the imposed policy, they lacked formal qualifications and specialized experience as key barriers to implementing inclusive education and affected learners and led to learning barriers and communication, lack of emotional safety and had communication fear. The researcher recommended a similar study on teachers’ perception towards the implementation of inclusive education could be carried out in Kalulushi district of copper belt province of Zambia in order to compare the current research findings with what will be discovered.
Jeziel A. Estapia, Richard S. Mula
This study explored the perceptions and attitudes of teachers toward the implementation of the Revised K to 12 Curriculum in the Philippines, focusing on teachers from Kindergarten to Grade 5 in the Clarin District, Division of Bohol. Using a descriptive survey design, data were gathered from 86 teacher-respondents through validated questionnaires. Results showed that teachers held generally favorable perceptions (M = 3.79) and positive attitudes (M = 3.91) toward the curriculum, particularly regarding its emphasis on inclusive, student-centered learning and the development of higher-order thinking skills. Age was the only demographic factor significantly associated with attitude levels, while other factors such as gender, academic rank, and teaching experience showed no significant impact. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.215, p = .046) was found between teachers’ attitudes and perceptions. The findings underscore the importance of professional maturity, experience with prior reforms, and supportive environments in successful curriculum implementation. Based on the results, it is recommended that school leaders enhance professional development, minimize teacher workload, and ensure adequate resource provision to support effective adoption of the MATATAG Curriculum.
Mohd Haniff Mohd Tahir, Pavitira Mogen, Reena Aren Hassim
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into digital pedagogy has opened up opportunities for improving English as a Second Language (ESL) instruction through AI-assisted digital storytelling (AI-DST). However, past research rarely addresses the intersection between teachers’ perceptions, classroom practices, and institutional support for AI-assisted digital storytelling, leaving a gap in understanding how AI-DST is positioned within the Malaysian lower secondary ESL curriculum. This qualitative study explores ESL teachers’ perceptions of AI-DST, investigates how it is used or intended to be used in Malaysian lower secondary classrooms, and examines curriculum documents to evaluate the extent of institutional support. Data were obtained through semistructured interviews with lower secondary ESL teachers, as well as document analysis of national curriculum and policy documents such as the Digital Education Policy (DEP, 2023) and the English Language DSKP. Interview data were analysed thematically, whereas document analysis concentrated on policy alignment, pedagogical expectations, ethical considerations, and assessment structures. The findings reveal that teachers usually view AI-DST positively, emphasising its capacity to boost student engagement, reduce learning anxiety, and support vocabulary acquisition and idea development, particularly among low-proficiency learners. However, challenges such as limited device accessibility, inconsistent internet connectivity, time constraints, and insufficient professional training remain. Although there are few explicit references to AI-DST, there is indirect institutional support in the form of curriculum flexibility, infrastructural projects, ethical norms, and performance-based assessments.
Norsafura Shamsuri, Suhaizal Hashim
Transformational leadership has been widely recognised as an effective leadership approach in educational settings, particularly in fostering teacher motivation, organisational commitment, and school improvement. In Malaysia, primary school headmasters are expected to navigate increasing administrative demands, accountability pressures, and concerns related to teacher well-being and retention. Despite the relevance of transformational leadership in this context, empirical evidence examining headmasters’ leadership practices from teachers’ perspectives remains limited, especially at the primary school level. This study aims to empirically examine teachers’ perceptions of headmasters’ transformational leadership practices in Malaysian primary schools using the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI). A quantitative survey design was employed, involving 103 primary school teachers from both urban and rural schools in Malaysia. Data were collected using a Malay version questionnaire adapted for the primary school context. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the level and distribution of transformational leadership practices, while Pearson correlation analysis explored relationships among the five LPI dimensions. Independent-samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA were conducted to examine differences in teachers’ perceptions based on gender, school location, and years of teaching experience. The findings indicated that headmasters’ transformational leadership practices were perceived to be at a moderate to high level overall. Model the Way and Enable Others to Act emerged as the most prominently enacted leadership practices, whereas Encourage the Heart was perceived as the least dominant. Strong and positive correlations were observed among all five leadership practices and between each dimension and the overall leadership score, supporting the internal coherence of the LPI framework. Inferential analyses revealed no statistically significant differences in perceptions based on gender, school location, or teaching experience. The study provides preliminary empirical evidence on leadership practices in Malaysian primary schools and highlights important implications for leadership development, teacher support, and future research.
Dg Syahirah Nasuha Nurshid, Musaiyadah Ahmadun, Muzalifah Monil
In Malaysia, stateless children who cannot access mainstream schools can receive informal education at alternative schools established by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). However, these alternative schools face some challenges in terms of teaching expertise, infrastructure, financial resources, and learning environment. They also tend to lack the implementation of structured teaching and learning methods. Necessarily, alternative schools need to develop teaching and learning techniques that are more flexible, inclusive, and child friendly. This research aims to analyze appropriate teaching and learning techniques for stateless children by employing a qualitative research approach using content analysis. The findings and results show four techniques that are considered effective for stateless children that are project-based learning, interactive learning, learning through immersion approach and communities best learning.
Ayeyemi Ebenezer Oluwatoyin, Olupayimo Dolapo Z.
Indigenous African communities have a very rich heritage of educational practices that have been passed down through generations. The present study examines teaching methodologies in traditional African communities, with particular emphasis on the role of music and indigenous educational practices as vehicles for knowledge transmission, moral formation, and cultural continuity. Drawing specifically from the Yoruba traditional educational systems, the study highlights how teaching extends beyond formal school settings into homes, peer groups, rituals, and communal activities. Central to this discourse is music, which functions as an oral tradition, prompting device, pedagogical tool, and medium for cultural preservation, socialization, and community interrelationship. Through songs, chants, storytelling, and performance, values, history, skills, and social norms are transmitted trans-generationally. The article further explores avenues of teaching such as oral tradition, apprenticeship, observation, and participation in daily and ceremonial activities, demonstrating how education in traditional African societies is holistic, experiential, and community-centred. While analyzing these methods, the paper underscores their relevance to contemporary education and argues that traditional African pedagogies offer valuable insights into inclusive, culturally grounded, and morally oriented approaches to teaching and learning.
Mohd Hafis Ahmad, Syuhaida Ismail, Thong Jia Wen
The process of applying project management standards to public sector construction projects is based on a rationalist conception that defines technical competence as an established set of predictable knowledge qualities. However, the lack of empirical data is found in the way civil engineers practice these qualities on the workplace surroundings, and especially in the public project context. Technical competency has long been recognised as one of the critical factors in determining the individual performance, but the research has taken little action in terms of establishing the key technical competencies that may be needed to successfully implement the public projects. Through the use of an established competency framework based on the human resource management theory, the study work empirically assesses the technical competencies of civil engineers at the different stages of the delivery of the public projects. It determines key issues which lead to the lack of technical competency, evaluates the consequences of these issues on project performance, and provides specific measures to boost technical competency. Through literature review and pilot study, a questionnaire survey on 359 respondents amongst the civil engineers who are directly involved in managing public project in Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) Malaysia have been obtained and the analysis was conducts using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyse quantitative data and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyse the structural relationships of the proposed framework. The results suggest that too much non-technical and administrative work are the most significant constraints on technical competency development and there is a strong preference towards work-integrated learning, on-site technical exposure and real-time project involvement found as the most effective strategies in improving technical competency. Therefore, this study aims at developing a model, which can be integrated to improve technical competency in civil engineers working on public projects in Malaysia. The results provide applicable knowledge to the organisations in the public sector, thus making it possible to plan and manage technical competency better and implement public projects in Malaysia in a more effective and successful way.
Aigba, G, Bamigboye, A.O, Ewekhare, Biola Tunde
Enhancing the technical efficiency (TE) of smallholder farmers is critical for achieving food security and agricultural transformation in Nigeria, a nation where cassava productivity remains below potential despite being a global leader in production. This study evaluates the impact of participation in the FADAMA development programme on the technical efficiency of cassava farmers in Edo State, employing a novel meta-frontier framework to disentangle managerial performance from technology access. Primary data were collected from 480 farmers (240 participants and 240 non-participants) across three agro-ecological zones using a multi-stage sampling technique designed to ensure representativeness. Analysis involved a two-stage approach: first, Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) estimated group-specific TE scores; second, a meta-frontier model calculated the technology gap ratio (TGR). A Tobit regression identified determinants of inefficiency. Results show that FADAMA participants had a significantly higher mean group TE (0.81) compared to non-participants (0.69). However, the meta-frontier analysis reveals a persistent technology gap, with participants' TGR at 0.89. This indicates that while participants are better managers, they still operate 11% below the potential regional best-practice frontier. Key drivers of inefficiency include limited access to formal credit, older farmer age, and greater distance to output markets. The study concludes that FADAMA successfully improves farm-level management but has not fully closed the technology adoption gap. We recommend programme redesign to integrate intensive practical training, facilitate formal credit access, and improve rural infrastructure to maximize efficiency gains.
Daniel Khaoya Muyobo, Orodi Mubweka Getrude
Background: Kenya’s transition to a Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) in 2017 necessitated unprecedented integration of digital technologies, with junior secondary schools (Grades 7-9) facing acute challenges in bridging digital resource gaps. Whilst the CBC framework emphasises learner-centred, technology-enhanced pedagogy to develop 21st-century competencies, significant disparities in digital infrastructure, connectivity, and device availability threaten to exacerbate educational inequities across diverse school contexts. Objective: This study assessed digital resource gaps in junior secondary schools implementing Kenya’s CBC, examining disparities in technological infrastructure, teacher competencies, learner access to devices, and the relationship between digital resource availability and curriculum implementation fidelity.
Algien A. Parker, Elbert R. Vido, Marinel E. Josol, Mariver B. Semblante, Mark Jordan M. Saballa, May B. Mutya, Roey C. Sumaoy
Technology integration has become increasingly central to teaching, learning, and workforce preparation in Technology and Vocational Education (TVE). This study examined secondary-level TVE teachers’ perceptions of technology integration in teaching and learning in Surigao del Sur, Philippines, focusing on four dimensions: technology infrastructure, pedagogical integration, student engagement and skills acquisition, and workforce readiness and employability. Using a descriptive quantitative design, data were collected from 60 purposively selected TVE teachers in public high schools through a validated structured questionnaire. Results indicate generally favorable perceptions of technology integration, with stronger ratings for pedagogical integration (M = 4.40) and student engagement and skills acquisition (M = 4.40). Technology infrastructure (M = 4.00) and workforce readiness and employability (M = 4.20) were rated at the agree level, with greater variability in infrastructure-related indicators, suggesting uneven access to resources and support across schools. Overall, the findings suggest that while teachers perceive technology as well integrated into instructional practices, institutional conditions and industry alignment remain inconsistent. The study highlights the importance of targeted infrastructure planning, technical support, and professional development to support more equitable and context-responsive technology integration in TVE. These findings contribute context-specific evidence to discussions on technology use in vocational education in developing regions.
Mbah Clovis Temoh
Since her independence, Central African Republic, (CAR) has endured poor governance, political instability, coups, and underdevelopment. Adding to her minimal population and incredibly impoverished reality, the CAR, is experiencing a deadly conflict. The Government in March 2013, was overrun by a fractious rebel coalition called Seleka, which means Alliance in the indigenous Sango language. Seleka was founded by some members of the Muslim minority in the CAR who lived in the country's isolated northeast. They took advantage of regional and ethnic issues as well as general dissatisfaction with the previous administration. Seleka ultimately oversaw the fall of an already fragile state and the escalation of political and ethno-religious violence while in power. Uncertain motives have led Seleka commanders to supervise what appear to be systematic attacks against Christian villages. Christian-led militias known as "anti-balaka" (or "anti-machete") have viciously attacked Muslims in retaliation, in part.
Associate Professor Dr. Saipolbarin bin Ramli, Dr. Elsayed Makki Elbishr Ali Hassan, Dr. Mohammad Taufiq bin Abdul Ghani, Dr. Taj Rijal bin Muhamad Romli
Many educational institutions have introduced Arabic language for specific purpose courses in order to help learners master the terminologies and language patterns used in specific fields. This study aims to identify the attitudes and needs of Arabic language learners who will enroll in Arabic language course for the first stage organized by Language Institute, International University of Africa (IUA), Sudan. This study relied on the descriptive and inductive approaches to find out the attitudes and needs of Arabic language the participants in this course 2023/2024. It is known that many learners have an attachment to the Arabic language that goes beyond religious purposes to professional ones such as economics and culture. For all this, it is necessary to design curriculum that pay attention to these directions and the objectives that will be demonstrated by the participants of this course. On the other hand the study aims to find out how to improve the effectiveness of Arabic for specific purpose to help learners gain academic and career advantages in the long run.
Fatin Alia binti Shahar, Mohd Firdaus bin Zainolabidin, Nor Afidah Azmi
This conceptual paper interrogates the emergent phenomenon of the “branded dynasty,” where a family’s surname evolves from a personal identifier into a controlled, commercial brand entity. Focusing on celebrity families like the Beckhams and Kardashian-Jenners, the paper identifies and theorises a core paradox: the inherent tension between the dynasty’s need for narrative alignment to sustain brand equity and the individual member’s pursuit of personal autonomy and identity. Recent discourse surrounding Brooklyn Beckham’s selective engagement with the “Beckham” brand serves as a pivotal illustrative case. Drawing from and integrating literature on celebrity branding, family business, and personal branding, this paper develops a novel conceptual framework mapping the “Dynasty Control vs. Member Autonomy” matrix. It proposes four resultant brand-member states: Integrated Soldier, Contained Rebel, Detached Heir, and Free Agent. The paper contributes to marketing theory by conceptualising the family surname as a contested brand asset, elucidating the governance of shared intangible capital, and outlining strategic and ethical implications for managing dynastic celebrity brands. Propositions for future empirical research are offered.
Suleiman M. Barnabas
National security is at the core every nation’s national interest, policy direction and relations with other nations. Hence, nations communicate their intentions and actions to both its citizens and the global community. At times of peace, crisis or war, nations have the obligation to inform their people and the international community on their actions or decisions with the aim of persuading, promoting national interest and policy, influence expected behaviour and public perception or opinion, counter propaganda, misinformation, and extremist narratives, strengthening national unity at times of crises, supporting intelligence and diplomatic operations in alignment with the nation’s security strategy. However, this onerous responsibility is not only constitutional but morally and diplomatically necessary to achieve success at all times (peace, crisis and war). This article focuses on the challenges of achieving strategic communication in the quest to ensure national security. The components and objectives of Strategic Communications for National Security are discussed as well as The Challenges of the Media as a Watchdog of Security Sector. Media ownership, securitization, dumbing down, Judicial deference, lack of synergy and trust between security and media institutions were identified as some of the major challenges of the media as a watchdog of security sector. Overcoming these challenges requires the concerted efforts of the security and media institutions to collaborate in the spirit of patriotism and professionalism for the national security.
Dr. Amela T. Cayabyab, Merilyn Grace A. Vallo, RSW
This study aimed to classify and analyze the challenges faced by marginalized groups and examine the collaborative role of social workers and counselors in addressing these difficulties. These challenges were analyzed based on their severity levels and further classified according to psychological, social, and economic dimensions. A descriptive correlational research design was used in this study. Key challenges related to senior citizens aged 70+ years and persons with disabilities (PWDs) were identified from Nampicuan, Nueva Ecija. Further, the KABISIG Collaborative Framework was developed to integrate selected intervention strategies as included in the professional practice guidelines. The framework includes coordinated assessment procedures, joint intervention planning, integrated support services, and collaborative case management. The results indicated that there were 1,458 total responses across all challenge indicators classified into three main dimensions. It is also found that social work and counseling interventions could be integrated in collaborative practice using different approaches besides being very rich sources of developing professional competency for both practitioners and marginalized populations. Therefore, it is recommended that collaborative or integrative practice should be encouraged for social workers and counselors considering that the professions are highly complementary and supplementary to each other.
Desika Putri Mardiani, Heryanto Susilo, I Ketut Atmaja Johny Artha, Rezka Arina Rahma, Rivo Nugroho, Tri ‘Ulya Qodriyati, Widodo, Wiwin Yulianingsih
This study examines the construction of non-formal education (NFE) through the philosophical perspective of Ivan Illich, particularly his critique of institutionalized schooling as articulated in Deschooling Society. Amid growing concerns regarding the limitations of formal education, such as standardization, credentialism, commodification, and the reproduction of social inequality, non-formal education has emerged as a viable alternative that emphasizes flexibility, learner autonomy, and community engagement. This research employs a literature review approach by systematically identifying, screening, and synthesizing scholarly works addressed to non-formal education and Illich’s de-schooling philosophy. From an initial pool of 45 relevant publications, 26 articles were selected based on explicit thematic relevance, analytical depth, and alignment with the study’s objectives. The findings indicate that Illich’s critique reveals the exclusionary and monopolistic tendencies of formal schooling, particularly its dependence on credentials and institutional authority. Nonformal education responds to these challenges by promoting constructivist and liberal educational principles that prioritize active participation, self-directed learning, and contextual relevance. Furthermore, empirical and pragmatic perspectives highlight the role of community-based learning, participatory governance, and lifelong learning frameworks in strengthening the implementation of non-formal education. This study concludes that Ivan Illich’s philosophical ideas remain highly relevant in contemporary educational discourse, particularly in addressing educational inequality and fostering more democratic, inclusive, and human-centered learning systems.
Henry Mukono, Jenfan Muswere, Tongai Dana
This study, set out to interrogate the evolution of capitalism in Zimbabwe as both an economic system and a political-social order, tracing its trajectory from colonial imposition to post-independence experimentation, neoliberal restructuring, and contemporary informalization. The central problem addressed is that capitalism in Zimbabwe has been fractured, contested, and marked by exclusion, with colonial racial capitalism entrenching dispossession and coercive labour, post-independence statist capitalism promising redistribution but constrained by inefficiency and elite capture, and neoliberal reforms deepening inequality while dismantling social safety nets. The objectives were fourfold: to examine capitalist development during the settler-colonial period (1890–1980), to analyse state-led capitalist experimentation (1980–1990), to explore contemporary informal capitalism (2000–present), and to investigate how ordinary Zimbabweans navigated these transitions. The theoretical framework integrated Dependency Theory (Frank, Amin, Rodney) to explain external domination and structural underdevelopment, and Peripheral Capitalism Theory (Cardoso and Faletto) to capture post-independence contradictions, elite capture, and citizen agency, thereby situating Zimbabwe within broader debates on dependency and peripheral capitalism. Methodologically, the study adopted a pragmatic orientation and explanatory case study design, combining document analysis and semi-structured interviews with key informants from government, academia, labour, civil society, and media, analysed through thematic clustering and triangulation. The overall conclusion is that Zimbabwe’s capitalist trajectory has unfolded through disjointed transitions; settler racial capitalism, statist bureaucratic capitalism, neoliberal restructuring, and informal survivalism, each marked by structural inequality, elite entrenchment, and grassroots improvisation, demonstrating that capitalism in Zimbabwe is both imposed and negotiated, reproducing dependency while generating spaces of resilience and adaptation. Recommendations emphasize the need for inclusive planning, recognition of informal economies, equitable resource distribution, and stronger partnerships between government, civil society, and communities, so that grassroots innovation and citizen agency can be harnessed to complement national development strategies and foster a more just, participatory, and sustainable economic future.
Dr Donald Hlahla
This paper presents the Donald Hlahla Emotional Intelligence Development Model (DH-EIDM), a contextually grounded Emotional Intelligence (EI) framework designed for the Public Service of Namibia. While established EI models—most notably Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence framework—have been widely applied in leadership and organisational development, their generic orientation often limits contextual relevance within public sector environments characterised by ethical accountability, service delivery pressures, and national development imperatives. Using qualitative data generated from Emotional Intelligence training interventions conducted at the Namibia Institute of Public Administration and Management (NIPAM) between 2024 and 2025, four dominant EI perspectives emerged: Purpose, Passion, Compassion, and Peace. These perspectives were synthesised into a values-driven EI development model aligned with public service ethos and leadership practice. The study concludes that contextually grounded EI development is critical for strengthening ethical leadership, employee engagement, organisational harmony, and service delivery outcomes in the Namibian Public Service.
Ocen robert, Prof. Jin Weiwei
Lango pottery serves as a vital and dynamic economic engine in modern Northern Ugandan communities, far from being a static artifact of the past. The craft creates sustainable, women-centric livelihoods that strengthen household resilience and promote local economic networks by fusing Indigenous technical knowledge with flexible market strategies. At the same time, the processes of obtaining, making, and using clay in rituals—documented as bearers of cosmological beliefs and clan identity—act as an active, embodied archive. The commodification of cultural heritage in local and tourist markets provides the economic justification for intergenerational knowledge transfer, while the authenticity derived from its deep cultural roots enhances its market. This paper investigated the strategies put in place by the traditional potters and also identified the marketing principles adopted to guarantee competitiveness and sustainability. The relationships between the potters’ age, educational level, years of experience, their perception of and their involvement in pottery business was also determined. Three methods were used that is, pre-tested structured interview schedule, observation, and focus group discussions were implemented to gather data from 50 traditional potters that were randomly selected in two major traditional pottery centers. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages were used to analyze the data. Pearson Correlation analysis was also applied to explain the relationships between the variables tested. The study revealed that traditional pottery is a women-centric in the two centers. Potters implemented marketing concept strategy to gain competitive advantage. Majority of potters showed that foreign substitutes, bad roads, and transportation, to mention a few, were some of the encounters related to their involvement in pottery production. The study concluded that traditional pottery continues to be a major source of employment to rural women hence community sustenance. It also concluded that marketing and its principles, more than any other business functions, is critical to the success of every organization.
Alfilail Nurrana Adista Hamka, Lilis Suryaningsih, Wendry Setiyadi Putranto
The use of plant-derived coagulants such as papaya latex has emerged as an alternative to animal rennet in fresh cheese production; however, mineral optimization is required to obtain desirable physical and functional properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) addition on moisture content, firmness, and meltability of fresh cheese coagulated using papaya latex. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with five CaCl₂ concentrations (0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.08%, and 0.10%), each with four replications. Fresh cheese was produced using 0.35% papain extract as the coagulant. Moisture content was determined by the oven-drying method, firmness was measured using a texture analyzer, and meltability was evaluated using a modified Schreiber melt test. The results showed that CaCl₂ addition did not significantly affect moisture content (P >0.05), although a decreasing trend was observed with increasing CaCl₂ concentration. In contrast, CaCl₂ significantly increased firmness and reduced meltability of fresh cheese (P ≤ 0.05). Higher CaCl₂ concentrations promoted a more compact protein matrix with greater structural rigidity and heat stability. Intermediate CaCl₂ concentrations (0.03–0.05%) exhibited a more balanced combination of moisture retention, moderate firmness, and acceptable meltability, which are desirable characteristics of fresh cheese. Therefore, appropriate CaCl₂ addition is essential to optimize the quality of fresh cheese produced using papaya latex.
Amb. Dr. Paul Kibiwott Kurgat, Hilda Wanja Njiru
Diplomacy defines states foreign policy guided by how they relate with each other. This article strives to outline the effect of digital technologies on Kenya’s foreign policy. It is embedded in the constructivism theory by Alexander Wendt, and the digital transformation theory. To achieve this, a mixed research approach research techniques were used to get views from a select population from the Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs. In-depth interviews were also carried out from key personnel at the Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs. The study established that digital technologies and platforms are important in transforming Kenya’s foreign policy by enhancing efficiency, visibility, and responsiveness in diplomatic practice. The findings showed that 70% of respondents affirm that there is improved efficiency and another 65% expressed confidence in strengthened cybersecurity despite of glaring challenges appertaining to trainings. This research established that Kenya’s foreign policy is becoming increasingly effective in leveraging digital innovation for global engagement, regional security, and evidence-based decision-making. Nonetheless, there are critical institutional gaps in governance, coordination, and capacity building that must be addressed to sustain progress. Strengthening training programs, harmonizing communication protocols, and developing comprehensive digital diplomacy policies are essential for consolidating these gains. Digital technologies have become indispensable enablers of Kenya’s foreign policy, but their success ultimately depends on human capacity, institutional alignment, and strategic integration with traditional diplomacy. It is therefore worthwhile to say that Kenya’s ediplomacy should be enhanced to align with the advanced technological changes through comprehensive capacity-building, improved institutional coordination, and the development of clear policy frameworks and standardized protocols. Proper cybersecurity measures should be put in place to avert the rising information distortion and disinformation
Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Nurnazida Nazri
Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been emerging as a more visible aspect of higher education as a conversational learning support system, which can generate responsive explanations and draft text. The application of Generative AI in legal education, however, is controversial since the ability of legal research requires the discipline of evaluating the sources, the integrity of the citation and evidence-based writing. A research paper will address the impact of ChatGPT on a systematic peer-learning context to develop the legal research skills and active knowledge building of law students. Using constructivist and social constructivist perspectives of learning, the research proposed a mixed-method approach that examined the study by collecting questionnaire data and semi-structured interviews in order to gain perceptions and learning experiences of students. The results suggest the perceived efficiency, effectiveness of peer discussion, predictable legal argument structuring and verification actions consistent with responsible legal research practice. Simultaneously, learners emphasised the threats of misguided outputs and excessive dependence and argued that AI literacy and clear guidelines of usage are required. In general, the research indicates that Generative AI can serve as a useful scaffold if it is integrated into the peer-learning frameworks that need to be critically reviewed and sources checked.
Melati Agustina Prayitno, Sri Imawati
This study examines the effect of parenting style on students’ learning achievement with social interaction as a mediating variable among third-grade elementary school students in West Bekasi District. The research employed a quantitative correlational approach involving 68 students selected from a population of 95 students. Data were collected using parenting style questionnaires, social interaction questionnaires, and documentation of students’ learning achievement. Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression and mediation analysis with SPSS.The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that parenting style and social interaction simultaneously had a significant effect on students’ learning achievement (R = 0.907; R² = 0.822; F = 149.965; p < 0.001). Parenting style had a significant positive effect on learning achievement (β = 0.702; t = 7.189; p < 0.001) and significantly influenced social interaction. Social interaction also had a significant effect on learning achievement (β = 0.233; t = 2.385; p = 0.020). Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that social interaction partially mediated the relationship between parenting style and learning achievement, as indicated by the decrease in the direct effect of parenting style after the inclusion of the mediating variable. These findings suggest that positive parenting practices contribute to improved students’ learning achievement both directly and indirectly through enhanced social interaction. This study highlights the importance of collaboration between parents and schools in fostering students’ academic success
Mar’ain Ahmad Dani, Nur Dina Aisyah Binti Mohammad Saroni
Corporal punishment (CP) remains a legally sanctioned disciplinary practice in Malaysian public schools despite increasing global concern regarding its psychological, developmental, and ethical implications. Its continued use is frequently justified as a means of addressing serious adolescent misconduct, including bullying and problematic pornography use (PPU), both of which are rising in prevalence and are increasingly recognised as behaviours associated with emotional dysregulation, neurodevelopmental vulnerability, and psychosocial stressors. This narrative review examines the psychiatric and psychological evidence regarding the effectiveness of corporal punishment in addressing bullying behaviour and pornography-related misconduct among adolescents in Malaysian public secondary schools, within the context of existing legal frameworks and cultural norms. A review of international and Malaysian literature was conducted, drawing on findings from meta-analyses, neurodevelopmental research, and school-based mental health studies focusing on corporal punishment, adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors, bullying, and problematic pornography use. The reviewed evidence indicates limited support for corporal punishment as an effective strategy for sustained behaviour modification. While CP may be associated with short-term behavioural compliance, it is consistently linked to adverse psychological outcomes, including increased aggression, anxiety, emotional distress, impaired emotional regulation, and deterioration of student–teacher relationships. Neurodevelopmental evidence suggests that exposure to stress-based disciplinary practices during adolescence may adversely affect executive functioning and self-regulatory capacity. Furthermore, CP appears to reinforce shame–aggression cycles that are implicated in both bullying behaviours and maladaptive coping strategies such as problematic pornography use. Overall, current evidence suggests that corporal punishment has limited effectiveness in addressing complex adolescent behavioural issues and may contribute to unintended psychological harm. These findings highlight the importance of re-evaluating school disciplinary practices in Malaysia and considering the integration of psychologically informed, evidence-based, and restorative approaches to support adolescent mental health and behavioural regulation.
Harwati Hashim, Shafiyah Mohd Fadzli
This systematic literature review investigates the role of gamification mechanics in improving vocabulary retention among English language learners (ELLs). Drawing on 15 empirical studies published between 2021 and 2025, the review explores how gamified strategies such as competition, cooperation, repetition, and multimedia feedback contribute to vocabulary learning. The findings suggest that gamification significantly enhances vocabulary retention by fostering engagement and motivation. Competitive mechanics, such as points and leaderboards, promote short-term motivation but can lead to anxiety for some learners, while cooperative mechanics encourage social interaction and collaboration, improving overall learning experiences. Additionally, gamified tools incorporating repetition and active recall were found to be highly effective in reinforcing vocabulary retention. The integration of multimedia feedback provided learners with immediate corrections, further enhancing learning outcomes. Overall, this review demonstrates that gamification offers a promising approach to vocabulary retention, though future research is needed to evaluate its long-term effectiveness and the influence of learner characteristics on the success of gamified strategies.
Junry Rafael B. Reyes, Robert A. Salvador
This study investigated the level of Artificial Intelligence (AI) exposure, its perceived effects on academic performance, learning engagement, and motivation, as well as the challenges and recommended strategies for AI integration among Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) Senior High School students. A mixed-methods research design was employed, involving 56 respondents selected using Slovin’s formula. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire comprising quantitative items and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were used for quantitative analysis, while qualitative responses were thematically analyzed. Results indicate that TVL students exhibit a moderate level of AI exposure, with frequent use of AI chatbots and writing assistants, but limited utilization of AI tools directly aligned with technical and vocational competencies, such as virtual laboratories and AI-assisted design applications. AI use was perceived to positively influence academic performance, particularly in task completion and conceptual understanding. However, students reported generally neutral perceptions regarding AI’s impact on learning engagement and motivation. Major challenges identified include limited internet connectivity, insufficient access to AI tools, lack of teacher guidance, and ethical concerns related to overreliance and academic integrity. The study concludes that AI has significant potential to enhance TVL education, provided that adequate infrastructure, instructional support, and ethical guidelines are established.
Li Yuyan, Ng Giap Weng, Sabariah Bte Sharif
This study examined the effects of gamified teaching on learning motivation and problem-solving ability among Chinese university students in a mathematics course. Using a quasi-experimental design, 360 undergraduates were assigned to either a gamified instructional condition or a traditional lecture-based condition over a four-week period. Learning motivation and problem-solving ability were measured using validated instruments, with learning ability and learning styles examined as moderating variables. ANCOVA results indicated that students exposed to gamified teaching demonstrated significantly higher post-intervention motivation and stronger problem-solving performance than those receiving traditional instruction. Moderation analyses revealed that learners with lower prior ability benefited disproportionately from gamified instruction, showing larger gains in both motivational and cognitive outcomes. Additionally, visual and kinesthetic learners exhibited stronger responsiveness to gamified activities. These findings provide empirical evidence that gamified teaching can enhance both motivation and higher-order cognitive skills in higher education, particularly for students who struggle in conventional instructional settings.
Cui Tian Kuo, Hadafi Fitri Mohd Latif, Rafidah binti Ariffin
Water is one of the most unique and essential substances on Earth. Consumer wellness products that claim to improve water quality through terahertz (THz) technology have surpassed independent scientific verification. This study critically examines the effects of the I-Tera Care device on the physicochemical properties of water and evaluates the scientific plausibility of terahertz–water interaction claims through an integrated experimental and evidence-based approach. A mixed-method design was employed, combining laboratory measurements with a systematic literature review conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Four water types with different ionic compositions, bottled water, mineral water, tap water, and rainwater, were exposed to the I-Tera Care device under controlled conditions. Electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and temperature were all assessed both before and after exposure. The findings revealed measurable but non-uniform differences in EC, TDS, and pH across water types. Bottled, mineral, and tap water all had higher EC and TDS levels, however rainwater had lower levels, as well as a significant increase in pH. Notably, temperature increased consistently across all samples, showing that thermal effects are a substantial confounding factor in interpreting the reported physicochemical changes. Synthesis of the reviewed literature demonstrates that while THz radiation can transiently modulate hydrogen-bond dynamics and ionic mobility in aqueous systems, such effects are reversible and do not constitute permanent structural modification of water. Taken together, the findings indicate that exposure to the I-Tera Care device induces short-term physicochemical variations that are strongly mediated by water composition and temperature. The results do not provide empirical support for claims of sustained water restructuring or therapeutic benefit. This study underscores the necessity for rigorous thermal control, advanced spectroscopic validation, and biologically relevant outcome measures in future evaluations of THz-based wellness technologies.
Sam Saah Kendema
The study assesses the mechanisms of transmission of monetary policy in Liberia from 2006 to 2024, under conditions characterized by competing dollarization, very little monetary autonomy, and structural fragility stubbornly persisting such as these ones. These uncertainties call for an assessment of the efficaciousness of any conventional monetary policy instrument since it cannot be presumed that such effectiveness shall not also vary over time. In this regard, we will do the analysis using a time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) modelling approach that can allow for a varying impact of monetary policy shocks on inflation and real output through different macroeconomic circumstances, institutional constraints, and external disturbances as they vary over time. The empirical analysis is structured along three main monetary policy transmission channels: the exchange rate channel, the money supply channel, and the bank lending channel. The results show that inflation in Liberia has become a very persistent process, characterized by a strong inertia and expectation-driven properties. But over the years, inflation has become increasingly sensitive to the movements of the exchange rate, especially during the currency pressure episodes, thereby signifying an exchange rate channel with greater influence in an import-driven, highly dollarized economy. The money supply and bank lending channels, however, were found to be quite weak and thus not able to transmit policy impulses into the real economy effectively; yet another manifestation of shallow financial intermediation, excess liquidity in the banking system, poor interest rate pass-through, and limited access to formal credit. The implications of these findings for policymaking are that they provide a case for taking steps to enhance the credibility and communication strategy of monetary policy, maintain stabilization of the exchange rate, and deepen the banking system for effective transmission of monetary policy. By providing time-varying evidence in a fragile, dollarized economy, the research will contribute to the broader literature on monetary transmission within low-income countries and generate actionable insight for maintaining price stability and fiscal resilience in Liberia.
Ani Mazlina Dewi Mohamed, Hafizz Al-Amirrul Bin Mohd Zanial, Johan @ Eddy Luaran, Mohd Fitry Bin Yahya, Mohd Zahrul Bin Baharin, Soraya Binti Sharifuddin
This study evaluates the acceptance of a gamified Learning Management System (GamedLMS) prototype using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. The prototype integrates gamification elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and events into a modular LMS designed with C#.NET, aiming to enhance student engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. A mixed-method approach was employed, involving surveys with 120 students and focus group discussions with four lecturers at University Poly-Tech Malaysia. Findings indicate that both practitioners and students expressed positive agreement toward the system’s design, usability, and gamification features, with high satisfaction reported in areas of motivation, performance measurement, and collaborative learning. Reliability analysis confirmed the robustness of the evaluation instruments. The results highlight the potential of gamified LMS platforms to improve user retention, foster intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and support language learning, while also validating the applicability of the UTAUT model in assessing technology acceptance in educational contexts. This research contributes to bridging theoretical and practical gaps in gamification studies and offers insights for future development of gamified educational technologies.
June Rey Villegas, Marithel Kate Cabungcag, Nikkie Oyanguren, Riza Mae Nobleza
This case study explores how congenitally blind children construct, perceive, and give meaning to reality in the absence of sight. Motivated by the scarcity of Philippine-based research on childhood congenital blindness, the study focuses on the lived experiences of congenitally blind children from Zapatera Elementary School, examining the challenges they encounter, the impact of blindness on their well-being and quality of life, and the sensory, communicative, and social processes through which they understand their world. Using a qualitative case study design, data were gathered through validated semi-structured interviews with the children, their guardians, and their teachers, supported by reflexive thematic analysis. Findings reveal that the children face significant challenges in mobility, environmental navigation, access to visual learning, and social participation. Despite these, they demonstrate strong adaptive strategies, reliance on auditory and tactile cues, heightened curiosity through questioning, and trust in verbal descriptions provided by caregivers and teachers. Congenital blindness was shown to influence their emotional landscape, shaping experiences of dependence, occasional social isolation, and the development of selfconfidence and resilience. The study also highlights how reality construction among congenitally blind children emerges through non-visual sensory experience, consistent environmental structure, language-based meaning-making, and social interaction. This research contributes to inclusive psychological understanding, informing educators, caregivers, and policymakers on more responsive and empowering approaches to supporting blind children’s development, learning, and social well-being.
Omar Colombo, Piermauro Catarinella, Suhardi Kram
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development represents a comprehensive global framework, encompassing 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Adopted unanimously by all 193 United Nations member states through Resolution 70/1 on September 15, 2015, it aims to address pressing global challenges. Among these, SDG 2 is particularly pivotal, targeting the eradication of hunger, universal access to safe and nutritious food, the elimination of malnutrition, and a substantial increase in agricultural productivity. As a unified political and economic entity, the European Union (EU) has pledged to align its policies with these objectives. This study employs a qualitative methodology to examine EU agricultural policies in relation to SDG 2, assessing their effectiveness in advancing its targets. A key focus is the Farm to Fork (F2F) Directive, which governs agricultural practices across the 27 EU member states. Through a systematic review of recent press articles, televised debates, and secondary accounts of interviews with EU policymakers and representatives of farmers’ unions, this research evaluates the prospective trajectory of EU agri-food production and its capacity to support global efforts to combat malnutrition. The findings suggest that the EU agricultural sector may undergo significant contraction, with many small and medium-sized enterprises facing closure and a potential decline in food quality. Consequently, the study concludes that current EU policies are unlikely to increase agricultural productivity sufficiently, thereby compromising the EU’s ability to achieve the third objective of SDG 2. The study further highlights broader implications for food security, socio-economic stability, and policy coherence within the EU. The findings underscore the need for pragmatic, well-supported policies that balance environmental objectives with the sustainability and resilience of the EU’s agricultural sector.
Omar Colombo, Piermauro Catarinella, Suhardi Kram
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development represents a comprehensive global framework, encompassing 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Adopted unanimously by all 193 United Nations member states through Resolution 70/1 on September 15, 2015, it aims to address pressing global challenges. Among these, SDG 2 is particularly pivotal, targeting the eradication of hunger, universal access to safe and nutritious food, the elimination of malnutrition, and a substantial increase in agricultural productivity. As a unified political and economic entity, the European Union (EU) has pledged to align its policies with these objectives. This study employs a qualitative methodology to examine EU agricultural policies in relation to SDG 2, assessing their effectiveness in advancing its targets. A key focus is the Farm to Fork (F2F) Directive, which governs agricultural practices across the 27 EU member states. Through a systematic review of recent press articles, televised debates, and secondary accounts of interviews with EU policymakers and representatives of farmers’ unions, this research evaluates the prospective trajectory of EU agri-food production and its capacity to support global efforts to combat malnutrition. The findings suggest that the EU agricultural sector may undergo significant contraction, with many small and medium-sized enterprises facing closure and a potential decline in food quality. Consequently, the study concludes that current EU policies are unlikely to increase agricultural productivity sufficiently, thereby compromising the EU’s ability to achieve the third objective of SDG 2. The study further highlights broader implications for food security, socio-economic stability, and policy coherence within the EU. The findings underscore the need for pragmatic, well-supported policies that balance environmental objectives with the sustainability and resilience of the EU’s agricultural sector.
Awudu Dramani Musah, Dr. Edward Djamome
This article contends that the contemporary wave of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation represents a fundamental and irreversible turning point in the labor market, poised to triumph over a vast spectrum of traditional office-based jobs. Unlike previous technological disruptions, which primarily affected manual labor, the current AI revolution targets cognitive and administrative tasks that form the bedrock of white-collar work. This paper examines the multifaceted drivers of this transformation, synthesizing evidence from technological advancements, economic imperatives, and emerging workforce dynamics. We argue that the confluence of increasingly sophisticated AI capabilities including generative AI, machine learning, and intelligent automation with the relentless corporate pursuit of productivity, cost reduction, and efficiency creates an overwhelming momentum toward replacing human labor with automated systems. The analysis reveals that the scale and scope of displacement in administrative, analytical, and clerical roles are unprecedented, challenging the efficacy of traditional reskilling and adaptation models. While scholarly debate often frames the discussion around job shifting versus job loss, this article posits that the sheer velocity and cognitive depth of AI's encroachment will lead to a net reduction in human-led office roles, fundamentally reshaping the nature of corporate structures and the future of work. The research concludes that this shift is not a distant forecast but an ongoing reality, necessitating urgent reconsideration of economic and social policies to navigate a future where automated systems are the dominant force in office environments.
Ewurabena Ananua Bruce-Ghartey, Osborn Owusu
This article examines the concept of permanent allies in international politics and explains why it remains a misleading guide. States often speak and act as if alliances reflect shared values, lasting trust, or moral commitment. In practice, alliances persist only as long as they serve concrete interests tied to power, security, and survival. The article argues that the belief in permanent allies obscures how states actually make decisions and leads policymakers to misread shifts in behaviour as betrayal rather than adjustment. Drawing on classical realism, structural realism, and selected historical cases, the paper shows that alliances function as temporary instruments shaped by threat perception, relative power, and domestic constraints. When these conditions change, alliances weaken, realign, or dissolve. The article also addresses how rhetoric, public diplomacy, and institutional frameworks can prolong the appearance of stability even as underlying interests diverge. This gap between language and behaviour creates policy risk, especially for smaller states that anchor their security planning on assumed loyalty from stronger partners. The discussion highlights cases where states maintained formal alliances while acting at cross purposes on trade, security, and regional influence. It also considers moments where rapid realignment occurred without ideological transformation. The article concludes that abandoning the notion of permanent allies improves strategic clarity. Policymakers who plan around interests rather than sentiment reduce surprise, manage expectations, and retain flexibility. The illusion of permanence may offer short-term reassurance, but it weakens long-term strategic judgment.
Gunasinghe MDRS, Rebecca, E
The acceleration and spread of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology have drastically changed modern work settings, specifically in sectors with higher knowledge content, like the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) industry. On one hand, embracing AI technology can benefit work settings by bringing about higher efficiency and competitiveness; on the other hand, it poses considerable concern to workers on job sustainability and long-term career development and advancement. Particularly, employees working at a managerial level are concerned with workers’ job sustainability and organizational change due to technology advances, as they have to manage and monitor employees in work settings where jobs are insecure due to technology changes. Although interest in the implications of AI on jobs and workers at the global and international levels has been rising, literature on how workers’ awareness of AI affects work settings remains less explored at the international and regional developing country level, specifically in Sri Lankan work settings. This study focuses on the effect of AI awareness on counterproductive work behavior (CWB) of managerial level employees in reputable IT firms in Colombo District, Sri Lanka. As part of the organizational behavior, counterproductive work behavior is understood as the deliberate action of employees that goes against the organization’s values, causing damage to the organization, its processes, or its members. Using the psychological contract theory and contract breach stress theories, the study posits job insecurity as the principal psychological mechanism employed in explaining the influence of AI awareness on behavior of employees. Job insecurity is the employees’ perception of losing a job and the uncertainty that follows. Additionally, this study posits perceived organizational support (POS) to be an important boundary condition in shaping employees’ attitudes and behaviors to change due to AI. POS is the employees’ belief of their organization’s concern and value regarding their input and the care for their psychological safety. The conceptual model crafted for carrying out this research postulates that job insecurity has both direct and indirect relationships as an intervening variable for counterproductive work behavior, which gets influenced by AI awareness. Moreover, organizational support perception has been proposed to moderate the relationship between job insecurity and organizational support. The proposed conceptual model has been able to incorporate both mediation and moderation in one model to better understand the role of technological awareness in modifying organizational behavior. Methodologically, the proposed study is quantitative in nature, specifically cross-sectional in research design. The study is based on a structured questionnaire, which is self-administered, given to the managerial employees of the IT sector in the Colombo District, which is known to have reputable IT companies. In order to measure the study variables of awareness of AI, the variables of job insecurity, CWB, and POS are known to be measured, along with advanced statistical techniques of mediation and moderation analysis in SPSS using the PROCESS macro. The importance of this study is founded in its contributions to the fields of theory as well as practice. In theory, it adds to the existing literature of AI and employee behavior as it specifically investigates the psychological mechanism underpinning employee responses to change driven by AI. In practice, the implications of this study are critical as it has the potential to provide valuable information to leaders of the organization, as well as to the human resource practitioners, regarding the importance of addressing the issue of job insecurity as well as the importance of effective support structures in the organization as it goes through technological change.
Zaifudin Zainol
This study examined the impact of a gamified classroom in higher education using a phase-based evaluation across pre implementation, during implementation, and post implementation. The research employed a classroom intervention design with repeated measures and an embedded process evaluation to capture both outcomes and implementation experiences. To demonstrate a complete research article reporting workflow for a pilot cohort of 30 students, an illustrative synthetic dataset was generated and analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance, paired comparisons, and effect size estimation. Outcomes included course engagement, autonomy, competence, relatedness, intrinsic motivation, and a course aligned knowledge quiz. The findings indicated statistically significant time effects across all outcomes, with the largest improvements observed for the learning performance proxy and meaningful gains in engagement, intrinsic motivation, and relatedness. Descriptive trends suggested that motivational and engagement gains were strongest from pre implementation to mid implementation and then stabilised, while knowledge quiz performance continued to improve into post implementation. Process indicators reflected high acceptability and feasibility, with qualitative reflections suggesting that progress visibility, immediate feedback, and collaborative tasks supported sustained participation, whereas competitive features required careful calibration to avoid stress for some learners. Overall, the study concludes that gamified classrooms can support learning and motivational outcomes when implemented with attention to learner readiness, autonomy supportive practices, and ongoing monitoring during implementation. These results provide a defensible pilot oriented basis for future confirmatory studies using comparison groups and larger samples.
Dorsaf Chaher, Lassaad Lakhal
Sustainability and environmental protection have become major strategic issues for companies worldwide. Green knowledge management (GKM) is considered a strategic element that enables companies to collect, share, and apply green information to meet stakeholder requirements and promote sustainability. Similarly, green innovation (GI) is recognized as a key driver of improved environmental performance. While most studies have examined these concepts separately, this study aims to investigate the relationships between GKM, GI, and green performance (GP) within a unified analytical framework. Specifically, this study examines the direct and indirect relationships between GKM, GI, and GP, highlighting the mediating role of green innovation. To achieve the study objectives, a quantitative approach was adopted. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire administered to manufacturing companies in Tunisia. The data were analyzed using a structural equation model based on the PLS approach. The empirical results indicate that GKM has a positive and significant effect on both GI and GP. Furthermore, GI has a positive and significant effect on GP. Mediation analysis reveals that GI plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between GKM and GP. This study contributes to the existing literature by proposing a conceptual model that examines the relationship between GKM, GI, and GP in the context of developing countries. Unlike previous research, which has focused primarily on developed countries, this study provides insights into how GKM practices can influence green innovation and green performance in the context of an emerging country with its own cultural and institutional framework. From a managerial perspective, the results suggest that managers could consider GKM as a strategic investment capable of stimulating green innovation and enhancing the sustainable performance of their organizations.
Dorsaf Chaher, Lassaad Lakhal
Sustainability and environmental protection have become major strategic issues for companies worldwide. Green knowledge management (GKM) is considered a strategic element that enables companies to collect, share, and apply green information to meet stakeholder requirements and promote sustainability. Similarly, green innovation (GI) is recognized as a key driver of improved environmental performance. While most studies have examined these concepts separately, this study aims to investigate the relationships between GKM, GI, and green performance (GP) within a unified analytical framework. Specifically, this study examines the direct and indirect relationships between GKM, GI, and GP, highlighting the mediating role of green innovation. To achieve the study objectives, a quantitative approach was adopted. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire administered to manufacturing companies in Tunisia. The data were analyzed using a structural equation model based on the PLS approach. The empirical results indicate that GKM has a positive and significant effect on both GI and GP. Furthermore, GI has a positive and significant effect on GP. Mediation analysis reveals that GI plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between GKM and GP. This study contributes to the existing literature by proposing a conceptual model that examines the relationship between GKM, GI, and GP in the context of developing countries. Unlike previous research, which has focused primarily on developed countries, this study provides insights into how GKM practices can influence green innovation and green performance in the context of an emerging country with its own cultural and institutional framework. From a managerial perspective, the results suggest that managers could consider GKM as a strategic investment capable of stimulating green innovation and enhancing the sustainable performance of their organizations.
Walubengo Sylvia Sarah, Walubengo Wilberforce Wasike
Considering that East African organizations carry out projects to meet their key goals due to resource and institutional constraints, this paper analyzes to what extent internal stakeholders influence project performance. Leveraging Stakeholder Theory and the Resource Based View, the paper focuses on four key internal variables: top management support, internal communication, employee competence and employee engagement and their direct, mediating, and moderating effects on performance measures, such as on time, on budget, and quality. Even with the improved methodologies in project management, failure rates are still notable in Kenya and Uganda. An astounding 68% of infrastructure projects are found to have cost overruns and 72% of projects suffer failure to meet deadlines. This substantial gap leads me to believe that we need to focus on internal stakeholders rather than external stakeholders, which are often overlooked in transitional economies. For this study, I used a concurrent mixed methods approach and collected data from 250 professionals in the construction, IT, development, and public services through structured surveys with a 5-point Likert scale and 15 semi-structured key informant interviews. I employed Structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the quantitative data (model fit: χ²/df = 2.15, CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.07) and used thematic analysis to triangulate the qualitative data. I performed a longitudinal follow up with 180 of the respondents to confirm causality over a period of six months. The influence of internal stakeholders on performance is particularly strong, accounting for 68% of the variance (R² = 0.68). Top management support is identified as the largest contributing factor (β = 0.40, p < 0.001), with internal communications processing 30% of the effect (indirect β = 0.12). Employee competence (β = 0.24) and engagement (β = 0.18) demonstrate moderate direct effects which are impacted by cultural and resource factors. High engagement scenarios are associated with 15-25% greater effect impacts. Among sectors, construction (β = 0.28) demonstrated the highest effect of competence. Qualitative themes, such as "cascading commitment" and "informal networks," illustrate the added value of synergy in the collectivist environment. From a theoretical perspective, this contributes to integrated framework evolution in developing countries. From a practical perspective, this suggests optimizing leadership, communication blend, and training to reduce failures by 20-30%. The provision of incentives to stakeholders whose maturity facilitates the achievement of the SDGs is a policy recommendation. Self-reporting bias is a limitation, and future research should investigate the use of technology.
Mnyolmo Kiprop Nahashon, Otieno Isaiah Oduor
This study examined the impact of Kenya’s aviation diplomacy on its multilateral trade relations in the Eastern Africa region was evaluated. This study was anchored on two complementary theories namely; realism and neo-liberal institutionalism. Realist theory explains aviation diplomacy and multilateral trade relations in the East African Community (EAC) by emphasizing state-centered interests, power competition, and sovereignty. Neo-liberal institutionalism theory emphasizes the role of international institutions, norms, and cooperation in fostering peaceful and mutually beneficial relations among states within the EAC, even in an anarchic international system. This study took the form of an exploratory research design. Both secondary and primary sources of data collection were employed by this study. This study relied on simple probability and purposive sampling techniques to select a total of 140 respondents for field interviews. Simple probability sampling was used to select 50 respondents working in the aviation sector and 50 business persons operating in the Eastern African region. Purposive sampling was used to select 10 officers of the Ministry of Transport involved in aviation policy making in Kenya, 10 officers of the Ministry of Trade and Commerce, 10 officials of the EAC and 10 Commercial Attaches in the Embassies of EAC member countries. The instruments of data collection included structured questionnaires and interview guides. Data collected was analyzed and interpreted both quantitatively and qualitatively. The study noted that EAC member states’ aviation policies are shaped by political, strategic, and economic interests, with influences from political regimes, economic power, and commercial goals. The study observed that air transport liberalization in the EAC lowers fares, improves services, boosts trade, and creates jobs by enhancing connectivity and economic freedom. Kenya’s aviation diplomacy has supported regional trade growth, but protectionist policies have had negative effects.
Aj C. Docena, Angel M. Lacdao, Chrissabel D. Manago, Jackielyn A. Ogaya, Jestony Siguan Corre, Jimmy M. Calvadores, Ryan Joshua Rosaldo, Sheen Michael A. Romanca
This study investigated how online product reviews influence business students’ trust in products and brands, considering demographic factors. As e-commerce grows, business students increasingly rely on online reviews for purchase decisions. Using a descriptive research design, data were collected through a survey from 180 students and analyzed through statistical tools, including frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation. Results showed a high overall agreement grand mean of 4.11, with the strongest agreement (4.4) on reading reviews before purchasing. Year level significantly affected trust, while age, and sex did not. Despite the reliance on online reviews, there was no significant correlation between product reviews and students’ overall trust in brands, suggesting that personal experience, brand reputation, and peer recommendation may have played a more substantial role. The study highlighted the importance of online reviews in shaping student purchasing behavior while emphasizing the need for businesses to enhance review credibility.
Maisurah binti Yazid, Vimala Govindaraju
This study looks at how Public Service Announcements (PSAs) affect students at University Malaysia Sarawak's Faculty of Education, Language and Communication (FELC) in terms of cyber wellness and digital citizenship (UNIMAS). An online questionnaire was used to gather data from 82 undergraduate students as part of a quantitative study design that used a descriptive survey approach. Students' exposure to PSAs, attitudes, social norms, and digital activity were all examined using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that students exhibit good digital citizenship behaviors and a high degree of awareness of cyber wellbeing. Students' digital conduct was found to be strongly influenced by attitudes about social norms and cyber health. However, exposure to PSAs by itself did not significantly alter behavior, suggesting that PSAs have an indirect impact on behavior through social influence and internal views. The most popular platform for coming across PSAs was found to be TikTok. This study offers information for creating more successful initiatives to promote cyber wellness among college students.
Erni Farisha Muhammad Fadzulli, Mohamad Faizul Yahya, Suzaini Abdul Ghani
The aim of this study is to identify the most influential determinants of consumer purchasing behavior in Malaysia. The independent variables examined are User-Generated Content (UGC), Firm-Generated Content (FGC), and electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM). Data was collected from 250 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Both primary and secondary data were utilized to support the sampling technique and research design. Questionnaires were used to collect data to achieve the research objectives. The findings indicate that UGC, FGC, and eWOM significantly influence consumer purchasing behavior.
Dr. Azlina Abu Bakar, Dr. Mohammed Mai, Dr. Samah Hatem Almaki, Ms. Asia Hamed Humaid AL Salmi
This study aimed to investigate the impact of visual art therapy on the psychological and mental health of a sample of students with learning difficulties in South Al Batinah Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman, from the perspective of their teachers. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach using interviews as the primary data collection tool. The research was conducted with teachers who participated in the therapeutic sessions of an intervention based on artistic practices integrating visual arts activities with the Arabic language curriculum, particularly reading and oral expression skills. The intervention targeted self-esteem, social communication skills, and oral expression skills among students with oral language difficulties and dyslexia. The findings indicated that the art-based therapeutic intervention had a positive effect on students with oral language difficulties and dyslexia in improving their psychological and mental health, as reflected in enhanced self-esteem, social communication, and oral expression. Accordingly, the researcher recommended the need to evaluate art therapy–based interventions within school environments across various domains and among different student groups.
Dr Mohd Haniff bin Mohd Tahir, Jade Patynolian Anak Peter, Moganambigai Jayasankar
This study investigates the implementation of AI-enhanced Dialogic Writing Scaffolding (AI-DWS) in a Malaysian secondary ESL classroom. Using a mixed-method intervention case study, the research explored student and teacher perceptions, as well as the tool's impact on engagement and writing quality. Data were collected from 30 students and one teacher through surveys, interviews, and classroom observations. Findings shown that AI-DWS significantly boosts student confidence and engagement by providing personalized scaffolding. While students reported improved vocabulary and idea generation, the study emphasizes that teacher mediation remains essential to ensure AI acts as a cognitive guide rather than a mere answer generator. The results suggest that AI-DWS is an effective pedagogical tool for fostering learner autonomy in ESL writing.
Bhiri Kuziwa, Wara Shepard
The persistent government focus on the provision of hearing aids through the Department of Schools Psychological Services has resulted in the continued use of inappropriate equipment for learners who are deaf in primary schools. This study explored the implementation of visual technological equipment by learners with hearing impairment in primary schools within the Victoria Falls cluster, with specific attention to the challenges faced and possible solutions. The study adopted a qualitative research design. The target population consisted of teachers and school heads from primary schools in the Victoria Falls Cluster of Hwange District, Matabeleland North Province, Zimbabwe. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaires, and were analyzed thematically to identify key patterns and meanings emerging from participants’ experiences. The findings revealed that the majority of teachers and school heads held positive perceptions towards the use of visual technological equipment in the teaching and learning of learners who are deaf. However, the study established that most schools relied on audio-based technological resources, which were largely irrelevant and ineffective for learners with hearing impairment. Major challenges identified included limited knowledge and expertise among teachers, misconceptions regarding appropriate instructional technologies for deaf learners, and inadequate professional training. Additionally, financial constraints significantly affected schools’ capacity to procure suitable visual technological equipment such as computers, tablets, and overhead projectors. The study recommended that the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education should prioritize the provision of appropriate visual technological resources and implement continuous professional development programs to equip teachers with relevant skills. Furthermore, it recommended that government policy should shift from an overreliance on hearing aids towards supporting schools in acquiring and effectively utilizing visual technological equipment for learners who are deaf.
Angelica A. Delos Reyes, Maria Kristina C. Ortiz
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are widely recognized as the backbone of local economies, serving as vital drivers of development, innovation, and employment generation. Despite their importance, SMEs often face significant survival challenges, primarily linked to limited interaction with formal financial institutions and lack of capital. This study investigates the critical relationship between the utilization of banking services and the operational growth of small businesses specifically within the municipalities of Balasan, Estancia, and Carles. Employing a descriptive quantitative research design, the research utilizes structured assessment tools to evaluate how financial access, usage patterns, and service costs directly influence business stability. The findings reveal that business owners perceive a strong, statistically positive connection between banking accessibility and their ability to scale. Participants acknowledged that formal credit facilities, savings accounts, and modernized payment systems are indispensable tools for managing daily operations and fueling expansion. However, a critical paradox emerged: while services are available, the perceived high cost of banking remains a primary concern, potentially acting as a financial burden that deters full utilization. Furthermore, demographic analysis indicates that these perceptions remain consistent regardless of age or sex, suggesting that the reliance on—and barriers to—the banking sector are uniform across the region. Consequently, the research concludes that genuine financial inclusion is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable scaling. It recommends that financial institutions develop flexible, low-cost lending models and prioritize digital efficiency. Simultaneously, policymakers must focus on enhancing financial literacy to bridge the gap between banks and small enterprises, ensuring long-term economic resilience.
Alkali Jallow
This study explores how authentic leadership influences teacher performance in public primary schools of The Gambia. Leadership plays an important role in shaping teacher engagement and dedication, especially in challenging settings. Drawing from Avolio and Gardner's Authentic Leadership Theory and Marzano's teacher performance model, the research analysis policy documents, academic literature, and institutional reports through qualitative thematic analysis. The analysis uncovers a significant gap between policy and practice: although the importance of leadership is acknowledged by national frameworks, school leaders are left without a clear direction due to the absence of clear values-based models. The Implementation of authentic leadership is hindered by systemic obstacle, such as resource shortages, overburden support systems, and inadequate leadership training. The research concludes that promoting authentic leadership serves as a contextually appropriate approach to enhancing teacher performance in schools in The Gambia. It is recommended that authentic leadership principles are incorporated by the Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education into national competency standards for school leaders, develop extensive leadership training programs, and change the system of the cluster monitor from compliance-focused to roles centred on coaching and mentorship, thereby supporting both instructional leadership and the well-being of teachers.
Dewi Puspita, Kokom Komariah
The purpose of this study is to determine the partial and simultaneous influence, as well as the magnitude of the contribution of learning facilities, learning culture, and learning motivation to the learning outcomes of class XI students of Fashion Design Vocational High Schools in Bima Regency. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis, instrument testing (validity test and reliability test), classical assumption test, F test, t test, and Coefficient of Determination test. This study involved 47 class XI students of Fashion Design from three vocational high schools in Bima Regency (SMKN 1 Donggo, SMKN 1 Monta, and SMKN 1 Bolo), which were determined as samples using total sampling technique. The results of the analysis showed that there was a positive influence both partially and simultaneously on facilities, culture, and learning motivation on student learning outcomes. The results of the descriptive analysis, all research variables obtained sufficient to good categories. Partially showed that each independent variable had a significant effect on student learning outcomes. The results of the multiple regression analysis, the three independent variables of learning facilities, learning culture, and learning motivation simultaneously had a significant effect on student learning outcomes. Simultaneously, the three variables had a significant influence, with a calculated F value of 524.955 and an adjusted R² of 97.3%. Thus, these three factors influence learning outcomes. The findings of this study need to be interpreted with caution given the limitations of sample size and research design.
Benyamin Langgu Sinaga, Intan Ermahani A. Jalil, Kirrtiyaini Lechumanan, Sabrina Ahmad, Siti Azirah Asmai
Skincare brands, established and local, face significant challenges in attracting and retaining customers in today’s highly competitive market. With the growing popularity of digital solutions, leveraging mobile platforms like Android applications offers local brands a unique opportunity to expand their customer base, particularly among younger, tech-savvy demographics. However, the success of such applications depends on their ability to effectively meet the diverse and evolving needs of users. This paper investigates the integration of human-centered design (HCD) principles to enhance user acceptance and improve the usability of a locally developed skincare Android application, Skinterest. A survey was conducted to explore the key factors influencing customer adoption, focusing on the importance of intuitive user interfaces, smooth functionality, and personalized features that cater to individual skin types and preferences. The study provides valuable insights into how HCD can foster trust, satisfaction, and long-term loyalty among users. Positive user feedback, with a 94.6% satisfaction rate, highlights the effectiveness of the Skinterest app in delivering an enhanced user experience.
Babalola J. Olajubu, Charles E. Etuka, Lentapwa J. Angama, Momoh L. Hussaini
The study was sparked by clinical observations of clients whose symptoms closely resembled depression but did not fully match diagnostic criteria. These individuals experienced persistent sadness perpetuated by algorithm driven digital content, prompting the development of the Algorithm-Induced Low Mood Scale (AILMS) to better capture this distinct mood disturbance. 50 participants were randomly assigned to either a control group receiving standard cognitive therapy or an experimental group receiving therapy combined with support to disrupt algorithm-driven content patterns. Mood scores were recorded at three points: before treatment, after treatment, and at follow-up several weeks later. There was a clear improvement over time, F(2, 47) = 75.30, p < .001, η² = .76, with scores dropping from pretest (M = 22.08) to post test (M = 10.71), and slightly rising at follow-up (M = 13.61). The experimental group showed greater improvement and maintained progress better. At follow-up, the control group experienced a significant relapse, t(48) = 4.29, p < .001. AILMS scores moderately correlated (r = .681), with Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II), but some items did not correspond with BDI II patterns, suggesting the scale captures a unique experience. The factor analysis showed that the mood disturbance measured by AILMS involves three correlated but different parts: feelings of sadness, how users react emotionally, and how algorithms affect these emotions. Although passive social media users had higher average scores, differences were not statistically significant, F(1, 48) = 2.10, p = .154. These findings support the validity of AILMS and suggest that helping individuals disrupt mood-matching digital content loops may aid emotional recovery.
Amelia Ajeng Saputri, Mohammad Adam Jarusalem
This study aims to determine the effect of pinterest media use, learning motivation, and fashion design creativity on the academic achievement of fashion design vocational school students in sleman regency. This study uses a quantitative, correlational research design. The research sample consisted of 187 tenth-grade students selected from a population of 351 students. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires, figural tests, and fashion design assessments. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. The results of the study showed that the use of pinterest media had a significant effect on students' learning achievement, learning motivation had an impact on learning achievement with a low level of correlation, and creativity in designing clothes had an effect on learning achievement with a moderate level of correlation. Simultaneously, pinterest use, learning motivation, and creativity in fashion design significantly impact student achievement. The findings of this study indicate that the use of digital visual media, particularly pinterest, can be an effective alternative learning medium to support increased student creativity and achievement in fashion design.
Nurul Nadia Mohamad, Shakira Azeehan Azli, Siti Aminah Nordin, Zakiah Mohd Yusoff
This study investigates the influence of power on affiliation and achievement in learning within the Malaysian educational context. Drawing upon theories of motivation and social psychology, the research examines how students perceive power dynamics in their learning environments, the extent to which affiliation with peers and educators affects their motivation, and the relationship between these factors and academic achievement. Employing an online survey using Google Form among 35 students, the study aims to provide insights into the complex interplay between power, affiliation, and achievement in learning. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of student motivation and inform pedagogical practices and interventions aimed at fostering supportive learning environments and enhancing academic success. Understanding these complexities can inform educators on how to cultivate a learning environment that fosters healthy power dynamics, positive social interactions, and academic success.
I Gusti Ayu Agung Noviekayati, Inna Widjajanti, Suhadianto
Empathy is one of the important aspects of social-emotional development in early childhood, particularly in the age range of 4–6 years, because at this stage children begin to be able to recognize their own emotions and those of others and to show early social responses to their environment (Eisenberg et al., 2015; Denham et al., 2018). However, various studies indicate that children’s empathy abilities still require structured stimulation in order to develop optimally (Malti & Noam, 2016). One method considered effective in instilling empathy values is the reading of moral stories, because stories allow children to understand emotions, perspectives, and moral consequences through characters that are close to their own experiences (Hibbin, 2016; Isbell et al., 2017). This study aims to systematically examine the effect of reading moral stories on the development of empathy in children aged 4–6 years through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA-ScR guidelines (Tricco et al., 2018). The articles reviewed consisted of Indonesian and international empirical studies published in the period 2015–2025 and obtained through the Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. The results of the synthesis show that reading moral stories consistently contributes positively to the improvement of children’s empathy, both cognitive and affective, and fosters the emergence of prosocial behaviors such as sharing, helping, and understanding the feelings of others (Aram & Shlak, 2019; Nicolopoulou et al., 2020). These findings substantiate that the practice of reading moral stories constitutes an effective pedagogical strategy for advancing empathy and promoting character education in early childhood.
Ryan Kien O. Toraja
This study explored the effectiveness of integrating gamified learning activities in English subject using the gamified learning platforms Kahoot, Wordwall, and Quizizz. The study used a quasi-experimental design where 16 Grade 9 students of Panaosawon Integrated School were purposively selected and distributed into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was exposed to the gamification method, while the control group was taught using the conventional way. Furthermore, a qualitative research design was employed through an interview and focused group discussion with the respondents in the experimental group to note the learners’ views on the use of gamification. The pretests and posttests mean scores and T-test results revealed statistically a considerable difference in achievement of the experimental group over the controlled group, thus, favoring the experimental group. The data from student interviews and focused group discussion revealed that despite the challenges experienced by the respondents, such as technological issues, distracted learning focus, and less interaction between classmates and teacher, the students’ perception of integrating gamification as a teaching method was fun, enjoyable, innovative and accessible, and it helped them develop their ICT skills and academic performance towards the English subject. Moreover, pedagogical insights and implications are provided for English teachers and researchers in light of these findings.
Fan Yang, Peng Cao, Qi Kou
Idiosyncratic deals (i - deals) have been conceptually and empirically linked to work - related outcomes among employees. However, when and how i - deals impact intern students’ employment quality remains unclear. Drawing from self - determination theory, we investigated the influence of i - deals on two distinct employment quality outcomes: proactive work behavior and job burnout, and explored the mediating role of autonomy need satisfaction in these relationships. In addition, from the perspective of social exchange, we also hypothesized that i - deals stimulate proactive work behavior when students report a higher level of social exchange action and experience more job burnout when they show fewer exchange behaviors. Using a cross - sectional study, we surveyed 369 Chinese intern students from 15 vocational and technical education institutions using a cluster random sampling technique. Structural equation modelling and hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that autonomy need satisfaction mediated the relationships between i - deals and proactive work behavior as well as job burnout. In addition, social exchange was also found to be a significant moderator of the relationship between i - deals and job burnout rather than proactive work behavior. Specifically, the negative effect of i - deals on burnout was weakened as social exchange increased. Contributions and implications were discussed.
M. Wahyuddin Abdullah, Saiful Muchlis, Sukmawaty Rasyid
Product innovation is a vital element for the sustainability of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) amidst global financial industry competition. However, the complexity of modern financial products often poses Sharia non-compliance risks. The Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) plays a central role as a gatekeeper to ensure sharia integrity. This study aims to systematically analyze the literature regarding SSB involvement in two crucial phases: design (ex-ante) and evaluation (ex-post) of Islamic financial products. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study examines 15 selected articles published between 2020 and 2025. The results indicate that effective SSB involvement cannot be merely passive (providing opinions at the end) but must be active from the ideation and contract design stages to minimize product failure. Furthermore, post-launch evaluation functions are often hindered by uneven hybrid competencies (fiqh and finance). The study concludes the need for regulations mandating SSB involvement in product development teams and the enhancement of risk-based sharia audit capacities.
Lionel Seah
This article offers a compelling sociological analysis of the kampong as a site of community, cultural pluralism, and social cohesion, arguing that while modern urban development in Singapore has significantly transformed these traditional spaces, the underlying values of the "kampong spirit" have not been entirely lost. The article is theoretically robust, drawing on three major sociological frameworks: Functionalism (Émile Durkheim), Conflict Theory (Karl Marx), and Symbolic Interactionism (George H. Mead and Erving Goffman). This multi-theoretical approach allows for a nuanced interrogation of how the kampong once served as a cohesive social unit, how its dissolution reflects broader class and power struggles, and how meaning is negotiated in everyday interactions within both traditional and modern urban settings. By linking these theories to the evolving aspects of community, governance, economic life, and cultural practices in Singapore, the article bridges macro-level structures and micro-level experiences. It also contributes to wider academic conversations on urbanization, postcolonial development, multiculturalism, and the transformation of informal social networks. Importantly, the essay does not romanticize the kampong, but critically examines its historical role and its symbolic function today. This approach lends itself to comparative analysis with other societies experiencing similar transitions from traditional communal living to state-managed urban environments.
Hizri Hasshan, Nur Alia A. Rahman, Ruzian Markom
The rapid expansion of decentralised finance (DeFi) has elevated digital assets, particularly Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), to a prominent position within contemporary financial markets. NFTs are blockchain-based digital tokens enabled by smart contracts that facilitate verifiable ownership and authentication in decentralised environments. Despite growing international efforts to regulate NFT markets, clear legal frameworks—especially those addressing Shariah-compliant NFTs—remain underdeveloped. In Malaysia, the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 (IFSA) and the Securities Commission Malaysia’s Digital Assets Guidelines provide only limited guidance on the classification, ownership, and enforceability of NFT-based financial products. This article examines the development of NFTs, analyses the existing Malaysian legal framework, and evaluates the readiness of Malaysia’s regulatory architecture to accommodate Shariah-compliant NFTs. Adopting a doctrinal methodology supported by case analysis, the study explores the applicability of current laws to NFT transactions and undertakes a comparative assessment of regulatory developments in the United Arab Emirates. The absence of explicit regulatory provisions raises significant Shariah compliance concerns, particularly in relation to gharar (uncertainty), riba (usury), and the recognition of māl (legitimate ownership), which may impede Malaysia’s aspiration to emerge as an Islamic DeFi hub. This study finds that Malaysia’s existing legal framework lacks specific Shariah compliance mechanisms for the legal recognition and governance of NFTs. Accordingly, targeted regulatory reforms are necessary to address the legal and Shariah complexities associated with NFTs and to facilitate responsible digital innovation within Malaysia’s Islamic DeFi ecosystem.
Lee Bih Ni
This study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in historical literacy education in Bahasa Malaysia (Malay Language@National Language) among the younger generation, within the framework of the Malaysian Higher Education Plan 2026–2035. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data were collected through online surveys to assess students’ AI literacy, historical knowledge retention, and engagement with digital learning tools, while qualitative data were obtained via semi-structured interviews to explore learners’ perceptions, experiences, and challenges in AI-assisted history education. This study employed a mixed-methods approach involving an online survey of 250 undergraduate students selected through stratified random sampling and semi-structured interviews with 20 purposively selected participants, with data analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. In addition, findings were triangulated with credible online sources, including peer-reviewed journals, government reports, and institutional publications, to enhance the depth and reliability of the discussion. Results are expected to reveal patterns in AI literacy development, highlight the pedagogical potential of AI in enhancing historical learning, and inform policy recommendations for integrating digital competencies in Malaysian education. The study contributes to the discourse on digital and historical literacy, offering insights for educators, policymakers, and curriculum designers in preparing students for a technology-driven knowledge society.
Areji Jonathan Nwagboliwe, Ezeifedigbo, Nkechi Bernadette, Ifenkwe, Chinwe Adaku, Nwachukwu, Kevin Agozie
This study evaluated the mean score difference in the reduction of aggressive behaviours between students exposed to multi-modal management therapy and the self-control techniques behaviour among in-school adolescents in Abia State. Two null hypotheses was formulated to guide the study. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design employing the pretest, posttest, non-randomized control group design with a 4x2x2x2 factorial matrix. The sample of the study consisted of 120 in-school adolescents who were purposefully selected from 1,327 (Male 616 and Female 711) with aggressive behaviours in the state were used for the study. These comprised 40 students each for multi-modal management theory, self-control techniques, and multi-modal management theory with self-control and control techniques groups respectively. The study equally adopted multi-stage sampling techniques. The instrument used for data collection were a 30-item questionnaire titled “Aggression Behaviour Questionnaire” and another 30-item Personality types A/B questionnaire”. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that: Intervention using multi-modal management therapy (MMT), Self-control techniques and the combination of multi-modal management therapy and self-control techniques respectively reduced aggressive behaviours of in-school adolescents at posttest; ; the treatment using multi-modal management therapy had greater effect than single treatment using self-control techniques; the treatment using multi-modal management therapy and self-control techniques had greater effect on the Type B in-school adolescents than the Type A in-school adolescents; male and female in-school adolescents with aggressive behaviour exposed to multi-modal management therapy and self-control techniques did not differ significantly in the reduction of their aggressive behavior. Based on the findings, the study recommends that School counsellors should use multi-modal management therapy (MMT), Self-control techniques and the combination of multi-modal management therapy and self-control techniques in modifying aggressive behaviours of students that referred to them. Government should organize and sponsor workshop, seminars and conferences to educate the teachers, school guidance counsellors and the parents of the students on the effectiveness of multi-modal management therapy (MMT).
Hazel Mae C. Llorente, John Mark B. Lazaro, Lorie May G. Claro, Rosmar S. Pino
Student engagement is the active participation, focus, and dedication of learners in their academic tasks and learning experiences. This study determined the mediating effect of the learners’ study habits in the relationship between time management and student engagement. This study employed a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, and correlational research design incorporating mediation analysis. It utilized a stratified random sampling technique to collect data from 353 college students. The statistical tools used in this study included mean, Pearson r, and path analysis. The study's findings demonstrated that learners’ study habits, time management and student engagement have a descriptive level of high. Furthermore, there was a significant interrelationship between time management, student engagement and learners' study habits. Also, a significant partial mediating effect of learners' study habits was observed in the relationship between time management and student engagement. This means that well-organized study habits help learners manage their workload and time efficiently, reduce stress, and enhance their engagement in learning.
Allan Jay S. Cajandig, Yzamel C. Caritativo
This systematic literature review aims to summarize the empirical data currently available on this mediation effect of motivation in the connection between word problem solving and reading comprehension in order provide light in this field and identify any gaps that should guide future research. In finding relevant articles published between 2015 and 2025, a thorough search was performed using a number of scholarly databases together with programs like ERIC and PsycINFO. Following PRISMA guidelines, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were all assessed during the screening phase, and the results of relevant literature were compiled using thematic synthesis. Following full-text evaluation, no articles satisfied all inclusion requirements, indicating a large empirical evidence gap on the study. Empirical gap is shown by the lack of relevant studies, highlighting the urgent need for focused empirical study on the how motivation specifically influences or mediates this relationship.
Ibtisam Hasin, Tilock Ch. Saikia
A recurring conflict between faith and skepticism characterizes T. S. Eliot's literary career and is central to both his poetry and critical prose. After converting to Anglicanism, Eliot is frequently regarded as a poet of religious affirmation, but his writings nonetheless reflect moral disquiet, societal disintegration, and profound epistemological ambiguity. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, The Waste Land, The Hollow Men, and Ash-Wednesday are a few of Eliot's poems that are examined in this essay, along with critical works like Tradition and the Individual Talent, The Idea of a Christian Society, and Notes Towards the Definition of Culture. The study contends that Eliot's religious and cultural claims are never completely stable and are instead plagued by uncertainty, discontinuity, and textual ambiguity, drawing on post-structuralist concepts from Derrida, Barthes, and Foucault. While his critique tries—often nervously—to impose order, tradition, and authority upon a fractured modern reality, his poetry dramatizes the modern subject's oscillation between the longing for transcendental meaning and the realization of its ongoing deferral. The study argues that Eliot's relevance is found in maintaining the tense cohabitation of believing and skepticism rather than in resolving the tension between them. This places Eliot's work at the intersection of postmodern skepticism toward absolute truths and modernist longing for religion. This study demonstrates how belief in Eliot functions less as doctrinal certainty and more as a brittle, contested practice molded by historical, cultural, and discursive influences by reading Eliot's poetry and criticism together.
Kamarul Baraini Keliwon, Lokhman Hakim Osman, Mara Ridhuan Che Abdul Rahman, Norman Mohd Saleh, Saiful Bakhtiar Masduki
Achieving consistent firm performance is a crucial issue in strategic management and corporate governance research. This study uses Social Network Theory to present a network-based perspective and Resource Dependence Theory to suggests that directors' networks can serve as strategic governance resources. These networks help firms obtain essential external resources and reduce their dependence on the environment, thereby improving firm performance, as indicated by changes in return on assets. Additionally, the study claims that directors with extensive and influential interlocking networks give firms easier access to valuable information, legitimacy, and resource pathways. This support enhances strategic decision-making, resulting in better performance. Using secondary data from 579 publicly listed Malaysian firms in the consumer products and services sectors between 2017 and 2019, and applying content analysis of social networks and panel regression methods, the findings firmly back the proposed framework. The results indicate that a director's network positively and significantly impacts firm performance across all centrality dimensions. This finding means that firms with more centrally located and well-connected directors achieve better performance improvements. Overall, this study emphasizes a director's network as a unique source of performance advantage, distinct from traditional governance methods. By combining network-based corporate governance with the dynamic capability perspective, the study broadens our understanding of how firms in emerging, relationship-driven institutional settings use director networks to boost adaptive efficiency and maintain performance improvements.
Dr. Asamu Rasheed Adebimpe, Dr. Balogun Muhsin Adekunle, Dr. Rauf Adeola Lateef
Perspectives on security and assess their impact on the daily lives of Muslim communities. The study adopts a mixed-method approach, combining questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation across selected Muslim communities in Lagos, Oyo, Osun, Ogun, Ondo and Ekiti States. Data were analyzed descriptively and thematically to present both statistical and interpretive insights. Findings reveal that Islamic principles play a major role in shaping community security consciousness. Mosques, religious leaders, and Islamic organizations contribute significantly to peace-building, moral discipline, and conflict resolution. Nonetheless, issues such as unemployment, poor religious education, and poverty remain major threats to security. The study concludes that ensuring security is both a religious and social responsibility in Islam. It recommends enhanced religious enlightenment, youth empowerment, and collaboration between Muslim leaders and government agencies to promote peace and stability across Muslim communities in Southwestern Nigeria.
Safran Safar Almakaty
This study critically examines the concept of “power vacuums” in international relations, focusing on how states and other actors expand their influence when established powers withdraw or decline. Integrating historical and theoretical perspectives, it identifies recurring patterns of vacuum-filling strategies across military, political, economic, cultural, and technological spheres. The analysis highlights that today’s vacuum-filling tactics extend beyond military intervention, involving economic investment, technological innovation, diplomacy, and cultural influence. The effectiveness of these strategies is increasingly shaped by domestic politics, resource limitations, and the interconnected interests of a multipolar world. By exploring the actions of major powers like the United States, China, and Russia, as well as regional actors, the study reveals the evolving complexity of power transitions. Ultimately, it underscores the importance of further research into how internal dynamics and resource distribution impact the stability and outcomes of emerging global power structures.
Bazel Coster Chinyonga, Ronald Chipaike, Tafadzwa William
Environmental degradation poses an existential threat to sustainable development in Zimbabwe, necessitating innovative and holistic management frameworks. This paper posits that environmental stewardship conceptualized as the responsible use, protection, and care of natural systems through collective, ethical action offers a robust, though not singular, pathway for reconciling conservation with socio-economic development. Employing a systematic literature review and synthesis of contemporary case studies, this analysis critically examines the manifestations, drivers, and barriers of environmental stewardship within Zimbabwe’s unique socio-political context. Findings indicate that when stewardship principles are integrated across governance scales, economic sectors, and community practices, they can effectively mitigate deforestation, land degradation, water scarcity, and pollution. However, its efficacy is contingent upon overcoming entrenched institutional weaknesses, economic instability, and knowledge-policy gaps. The paper contributes to sustainability science by proposing an integrated, multi-scalar stewardship model tailored to Zimbabwe. It concludes with evidence-based policy recommendations aimed at strengthening institutional coordination, enhancing community-led governance, leveraging technology, and aligning economic incentives with sustainability goals to foster resilient socio-ecological systems.
Edna B. Nabua, Norolayn K. Said
A needs assessment serves as a critical strategic framework for informing pedagogical innovation and guiding curriculum development. In this context, the study evaluated the chemistry proficiency of Grade 11 learners across selected community high schools, identified their least mastered learning competencies and associated topic domains, assessed their motivation toward learning chemistry, and examined the relationship between proficiency and motivation. Results revealed a substantial gap in conceptual mastery: of the 371 participants, 238 learners (64.1%) were classified in the “needs improvement” category, while only 24 learners (6.5%) attained a “proficient” rating. These findings indicate that the majority of students experience pronounced difficulties in comprehending foundational chemistry principles, particularly in core areas such as scientific investigation, substances and mixtures, and differentiating elements from compounds. Moreover, complex and abstract domains, including the periodic table of elements, chemical bonding, chemical reactions, and quantitative processes such as the mole concept and gas laws, remain largely unmastered. Despite these challenges, learners exhibited noteworthy motivation, with 121 respondents (32.3%) reporting high motivation and only 4.0% indicating low motivation; notably, no students fell into the “very low” category. This pattern suggests that students retain a resilient intrinsic drive to engage with the subject matter even when confronted with cognitive challenges. Nevertheless, statistical analysis revealed no significant relationship between chemistry proficiency and motivation, implying that intrinsic drive alone is insufficient to surmount the inherent complexities of the chemistry curriculum. These findings underscore the necessity for targeted instructional interventions and scaffolded pedagogical strategies designed to bridge conceptual gaps and promote deeper understanding.
Effendi Bin Mohamad, Hamad Abdulla Aldhaheri, Mohamad Zahir Zainudin
Digital transformation has revolutionized how businesses interact with customers. Yet, the mere adoption of digital technologies does not inherently lead to customer loyalty. This paper examines the critical role of trust as the mediating mechanism between digital transformation and customer loyalty. Through a review of literature and case-based observations, we propose a conceptual model where digital tools must be ethically and transparently deployed to enhance trust, which in turn cultivates long-term customer commitment. This paper explores the intersection of digital transformation and customer loyalty through the lens of trust. As businesses adapt to digital-first models, establishing and maintaining customer trust emerges as a critical factor for fostering loyalty. We propose a conceptual framework that positions trust as a mediator between digital capabilities and customer retention outcomes. Drawing from recent research and case studies, we examine how data privacy, transparency, AI ethics, and personalized experiences shape trust, and ultimately, loyalty in the digital era. The results pointed out the significance of organizations providers embracing a customer-focused digital transformation strategy, emphasizing actions that cultivate trust and encourage dedication to promote lasting customer loyalty. Organizations providers must enhance long-term relationships by increasing customer trust and commitment. It is believed that, based on its novel findings, this work will pave the way for future research in the same field.
Atiela Amran, Ayu Kamareenna Abdullah Thani, Nurul Nadhira Amalin Azhari, Pungky Lela Saputri, Zulkifli Mohamad
This pilot study investigates the relationships between person–environment fit, spiritual intelligence, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among support staff at Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia (SPA). Person–environment fit is examined as the independent variable, spiritual intelligence as the mediating variable, and OCB as the dependent variable. Data were collected from 30 support staff using a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Form. The instruments used were adapted from Abdullah Thani (2019) for person–environment fit and OCB, and King (2008) for spiritual intelligence. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)28, focusing on descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis. The results indicate satisfactory internal consistency for all constructs and reveal positive relationships among the variables. The findings confirm the suitability of the research instruments and procedures for a full-scale study and provide preliminary insights into the role of spiritual intelligence in enhancing organizational citizenship behavior in the Malaysian public sector.
Dr. Sarath Perera
Teaching has evolved from being viewed as a craft to being recognized as an intellectually demanding profession grounded in evidence and reflective inquiry. In this context, educators are increasingly encouraged to adopt a research-minded approach—one that fuses classroom practice with systematic investigation and critical analysis (Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 2009). The 21st-century classroom, characterized by diversity, digitalization, and accountability pressures, demands that teachers make pedagogical decisions supported by credible data rather than intuition or tradition (Brown, 2020). Consequently, the integration of research into everyday teaching has become a professional imperative. However, the word research seems to be a fear psycosis or another burden for many teachers in the Sri lankan education system which then become a barrier for them to actively contribute to the education system . According to writer’s first hand experience having more 35 years experience being in the field of teacher education observes that doing research by majority of teachers in the primary schools limits to fulfil the requirement of a study program, or obtain a salary increments or to have a promotion to which many does not have access. Therefore, teachers demonstrate them as consumer than producer in general.
Adie Gabriel-Mario Ugbong
The growing incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into the healthcare domain has profoundly reconfigured mental health services, especially in areas like diagnosis, the customization of treatments, and therapeutic strategies. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into TIC presents both distinct advantages and hurdles. AI-powered instruments can improve accessibility through the automation of evaluations, the customization of treatment strategies, and the reduction of disparities in access to mental healthcare services. Nevertheless, substantial apprehensions exist regarding data confidentiality, algorithmic prejudice, and the possible detachment of care. To address these challenges, this paper examines the intersection of AI and TIC, highlighting key ethical, cultural, and clinical considerations. This study employed a theoretical analysis methodology, a thorough literature review was undertaken to consolidate current research on AI within trauma-informed mental healthcare, utilizing systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and empirical studies. This analysis explores psychological models including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Figley's Trauma Stress Model, alongside ethical AI frameworks (deontological and utilitarian ethics) and culturally sensitive AI viewpoints. The study proposes a comprehensive AI-TIC framework that balances innovation with ethical practice, focusing on ethical considerations, practical implementation, therapeutic applications, and cultural adaptation.
Kamwale Banda
This study examined the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing modern Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) for ongoing performance management within organizations. Traditional HRIS have primarily functioned as static data storage systems and have been limited in their ability to provide real-time analytics for continuous performance monitoring and improvement. AI was investigated as a transformative solution capable of introducing predictive analytics, automation, and advanced data processing into HRIS. Given the mixed and sometimes conflicting findings in existing literature, the study sought to provide empirical evidence on the effectiveness of AI-powered HRIS, particularly in the context of continuous performance management. The main objective was to assess how AI can convert HRIS into proactive tools that support real-time employee engagement, development, and performance enhancement. The study also evaluated organizational and user-related factors influencing the effectiveness of AI-enabled HRIS. A mixed-methods research approach was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques to capture both measurable outcomes and human-centered experiences related to AI adoption. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, targeting HR professionals, managers, and employees from public and private sector organizations in Lusaka District, Zambia. Stratified random sampling ensured adequate representation across organizational roles and sectors. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including regression analysis, while qualitative data were examined using thematic analysis. The findings revealed varying levels of AI integration in HRIS, with moderate to advanced adoption evident in many organizations. AI-powered HRIS were found to significantly improve the efficiency of performance management. However, challenges related to technical support and system usability constrained optimal utilization. The study concluded that while AI holds substantial potential to revolutionize HRIS, addressing technical and design limitations is essential to fully realize its benefits.
Chadirwe, Enoch Gontul, Sidi Daniel
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed research methodologies across educational disciplines including science education in Nigeria. This paper examines the role of artificial intelligence in transforming research methods in science education in Nigeria. Thus, AI enhances the collection, analysis and interpretation of educational data with a focus on quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research approaches. Using a qualitative review of existing literature and case studies in Nigerian educational contexts, the paper identifies key applications of AI including learning analytics, virtual laboratories, automated assessment and natural language processing tools for qualitative analysis. Indeed, AI provides opportunities for improving instructional strategies, supporting evidence-based decision-making, and strengthening teacher professional development. However, challenges such as poor digital infrastructure, limited AI awareness among educators, high costs, ethical concerns and curriculum gaps constrain its full adoption. The paper concludes that deliberate investment in digital infrastructure, capacity-building programmes, ethical guidelines, affordable AI tools and curriculum reform are critical for maximizing AI’s potential in transforming science education research in Nigeria. The paper recommends that government and private sector stakeholders should improve internet connectivity, provide stable electricity and equip schools and research institutions with modern ICT facilities and that educational authorities must establish clear policies on data privacy, consent and algorithmic fairness to ensure responsible and ethical AI usage among.
Afiqah Mazlan, Hazliza Haron, Nawal Esa Yazid Esa
The Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector in Malaysia plays a critical role in equipping the workforce with industry-relevant skills. However, despite government efforts to promote TVET, enrolment remains suboptimal, often hindered by negative public perception. This study investigates the impact of digital marketing strategies—namely, advertising, social media marketing, and government initiatives on Malaysian youth’s perception of TVET and their intention to enrol. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 377 respondents and analysed through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings reveal that social media marketing and government initiatives have a significant influence on TVET perception, which in turn strongly predicts enrolment intention. Advertising and TVET awareness also contribute indirectly by influencing perceptions. The study highlights the importance of integrating digital strategies and targeted policy communication to enhance the image and uptake of TVET. Future research should further explore the longitudinal and qualitative dimensions to gain a deeper understanding of the motivational drivers behind youth enrolment decisions.
Charles Nzube Ofodile
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has emerged as a central regional institution in addressing peace, security, and development challenges in West Africa. Although established in 1975 primarily to promote economic integration, ECOWAS has progressively expanded its mandate to include conflict prevention, peacekeeping, democratic governance, and post-conflict reconstruction. This study examined the role of ECOWAS in promoting peace and sustainable development in West Africa, with the objective of assessing how regional cooperation contributes to stability and socio-economic transformation in the sub-region. The study adopts a qualitative research design and relies on secondary data obtained from ECOWAS treaties, protocols, policy documents, and reports, as well as publications from international and regional organizations and peer-reviewed academic literature. The analysis covers the period from the early 1990s to 2024, capturing ECOWAS’ institutional evolution in response to recurrent conflicts, democratic transitions, and emerging security threats. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, guided by the theories of regionalism and neo-functionalism. Findings indicate that ECOWAS has made significant contributions to regional peace and development through peacekeeping operations, early warning mechanisms, mediation efforts, and the promotion of democratic norms. The study also reveals that ECOWAS’ economic integration and development initiatives are closely intertwined with its security agenda, reflecting the mutual dependence between peace and development. However, persistent challenges such as terrorism, political instability, weak institutional capacity, and limited compliance by member states continue to constrain the organization’s effectiveness. The study concludes that while ECOWAS has played a vital role in advancing peace and development in West Africa, strengthening institutional capacity, political commitment, and policy coordination among member states is essential for achieving sustainable peace and long-term development in the region.
Irene O. Mamites, Jename S. Escalante, Mary Jane Q. Paraiso, Niña Rozanne T. Delos Reyes
This study examined the emotional competence and academic resilience among students with hearing impairments, focusing on their ability to regulate emotion and succeed academically. A descriptive correlational design was used, and survey questionnaires were distributed to CT-SPED students with hearing impairments majoring in Computer Technology and Food Service Technology. Respondents were selected through a purposive sampling technique. The ARS-30 and adapted emotional competence scales were employed to gather data alongside the respondents' demographic profiles. The result showed that the students’ level of emotional competence, specifically in self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, motivation, and social skills, was rated as moderate, indicating the need for attention and support. Similarly, their level of academic resilience was also found to be moderate, highlighting a vulnerability to academic stressors. Furthermore, the findings indicated a significant positive correlation between emotional competence and academic resilience, suggesting that high levels of emotional competence contribute to the ability of students with hearing impairments to navigate academic challenges. The study concludes that fostering emotional intelligence is vital for academic success. Therefore, it is recommended that the output of the study be implemented through targeted interventions and strategies, specialized teachers' training, and integration of assistive technologies to effectively address the emotional competence and academic resilience needs of students with hearing impairments.
Mr. Ahimbisibwe Justus, Mr. Omoding Christopher
The study examined the role of the Emyooga Government Programme on poverty eradication in Ibanda District, Uganda, with the aim of assessing the impact of financial support (loans and grants) provided by the Emyooga programme on poverty eradication among beneficiaries in Ibanda District. The study targeted a population of 1,130 beneficiaries, from which a sample of 195 respondents was selected using appropriate sampling techniques. A descriptive survey design was employed, and data were collected using structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The findings revealed that financial support significantly improved beneficiaries’ livelihoods, including increased household income, enhanced business activities, improved savings habits, and better living standards. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between financial support and poverty eradication (r = 0.782, p < 0.01), while regression analysis indicated that financial support significantly predicted poverty reduction (β = 0.703, p < 0.001), explaining 61.2% of the variance in poverty outcomes. The study concluded that the Emyooga programme plays a substantial role in alleviating poverty in Ibanda District. Recommendations include strengthening SACCO financial services, enhancing capacity-building initiatives, implementing effective monitoring and loan recovery mechanisms, and promoting community sensitization to increase awareness and participation.
Ahmed Rashed Alketebi, Siti Norbaya Binti Yahaya
In today’s rapidly changing, competitive business environment, firms must rely on innovation to achieve and sustain competitive advantage. Iinnovation has become a cornerstone of national development strategies, especially among SMEs that constitute over 94% of the total companies in the countries. This paper examines how innovation contributes to competitive advantage, how market orientation mediates this relationship, and how business environment factors (such as dynamism, turbulence, institutional environment) moderate the effectiveness of innovation. Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities perspective, we propose a conceptual model and review empirical evidence. The findings suggest that innovation positively influences competitive advantage; that market orientation is a key mechanism (mediator) translating innovation into competitive advantage; and that the strength of that relationship is contingent upon the business environment (moderator). Implications for managers and scholars are discussed. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for SMEs to not only innovate but to do so with a strategic market orientation and an acute awareness of the external business landscape. These insights offer practical implications for SME managers, policymakers, and innovation hubs aiming to build resilient, high-performing enterprises in the region.
April Gay Pugong-Kindipan
“Dare to thrive, achieve and excel in the face of dangerous distractions in hostile surroundings and against painful obstacles in your path.” -Betances, Winning the Future Through Education This is a message from the well-known and outstanding African-American motivational speaker and writer, who is eminent for his success in inspiring willing learners to excel. His endeavor motivates every student who is struggling and facing lots of challenges to strive and shine, especially during difficult times. This exemplifies the ultimate goal of anyone who is willing to survive, surpass obstacles and achieve his/her goals whatever it takes. The unprecedented challenges posed by global crises, such as the recent pandemic, significantly impact educational systems and student well-being (Tria, 2020). The abrupt shift from traditional face-to-face instruction to remote learning modalities, including online and modular approaches, presented substantial hurdles for students, particularly concerning access to resources, internet connectivity, and effective learning interactions with instructors (Barrot, Llenares & Del Rosario, 2021; Rotas & Cahapay, 2020). These educational disruptions contributed to increased stress among students (Dayagbil, Palompon, Garcia & Olvido, 2021). In the Philippines, the Department of Education affirmed its commitment to continue education amidst the pandemic (Peoples Television News, 2020). However, this commitment necessitated a rapid and often unprepared transition for academic stakeholders to new learning environments, leading to considerable stress (Rotas & Cahapay, 2020; Barrot et al., 2021). Beyond the pandemic, the country simultaneously experienced various natural disasters, including earthquakes, typhoons, floods, and landslides. These events exacerbated existing difficulties, contributing to widespread economic, physical, and psychological distress (Tee et al., 2020). The Department of Health also reported a significant negative impact on mental health due to difficulties adjusting to the "new normal" (PTV News, 2021). Mental health concerns, including depression and anxiety, have surged since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic globally (WHO, 2020). In the Philippines, the National Center for Mental Health reported a substantial increase in depression cases (Menterona, 2020), and suicide statistics have risen considerably (Calleja, 2020). For instance, in Ifugao, the Provincial Social Welfare Development Office reported 16 completed suicides and 6 attempts in 2020, compared to 5 completed cases in 2019, with many involving young people and numerous unreported instances. This alarming trend prompted calls for immediate action from government agencies (Menardo Guevarra, IATF). The pandemic's impact on education extended to student enrollment and academic performance. Globally, approximately 214 million students were out of school as of January 2021 due to the pandemic (UNESCO, 2021). In the Philippines, the Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC) noted that 44,069 students did not enroll in the academic year 2020-2021, citing fears of contamination, lack of gadgets, financial problems, and geographical distance from universities (CHED, 2020). This resulted in a decreaed enrollment rates ranging from 70% to 80% in State Universities and Colleges. Disruptions affected 96.7% of students enrolled during the pandemic (Mahdy, 2020), leading to subject failures, withdrawals, or incomplete grades due to resource limitations and connectivity issues (Rotas & Cahapay, 2020; Barrot et al., 2021). Resilience is a critical quality that enables individuals to cope with challenges and achieve success (Burton, 2020; Gamble & Crouse, 2020). It plays a significant role in stress reduction (Delestre, 2016) and can mitigate susceptibility to depression (Britton, 2018). Resilience often develops in response to adversity, enabling individuals to "bounce back" and withstand struggles (Fernández, Diaz, & Saez, 2018). Individuals possess varying levels of resilience; those with higher levels tend to recover more easily and healthily from adversity (Zolkoski & Bullock, 2012; Romano, Angelini, Consiglo & Fiorilli, 2021). Studies consistently show that resilient individuals adapt, cope, and survive effectively even when facing numerous life challenges (Britton, 2018; Mallick & Kaur, 2016; Sarmiento, Ponce & Bertolin, 2020; Oducado, Lachica & Rabacal, 2020). Academic performance, on the other hand, is a central concern in education, serving as a measure of student achievement and the effectiveness of educational institutions (Silverberg & Orbeta, 2016). It is typically assessed through grades, test scores, and successful program completion (Rodríguez, 2014). There are various factors influencing academic performance, including self-efficacy, personality, environmental factors, and challenges encountered by students (Cefai, 2008). Financial difficulties, family problems, and relationship issues are common obstacles leading to academic failure or dropping out (Orion, Forosuelo & Cavalida, 2018). Moreover, students from low socioeconomic backgrounds are often at higher risk of academic disengagement and failure due to limited access to educational resources (Rodríguez, 2014; Orion et al., 2018). However, some research suggests that minority students or those from low-socioeconomic families can demonstrate significant resilience, enabling them to persevere and succeed despite adversities (Delestre, 2016; Britton, 2018; Burton, 2020). The importance of resilience in academic settings has been increasingly recognized, especially given contemporary challenges (Tanji et al., 2021). Resilience helps students maintain motivation, manage academic pressures, and achieve success (Britton, 2018; Burton, 2020). Studies by Fernández et al. (2018) and Britton (2018) highlight how resilience enables students to view challenges as opportunities for growth and improved academic performance. Fostering resilience, particularly by focusing on student strengths, is suggested as a way to enhance academic outcomes (Mwangi, Okatcha, Kinai & Ireri, 2015). Educators play a crucial role in developing essential behaviors, skills, and attitudes, including resilience, that contribute to academic success beyond content knowledge (Farrington et al., 2012). Also, supportive environments, including family, teachers, and school systems, are vital for nurturing resilience (Mallick & Kaur, 2016; Reyes & Elias, 2011; Burton, 2020; Bondy, Ross, Gallingane, & Hambacher, 2007; Waxman, Rivera, & Powers, 2012). Numerous studies have explored the relationship between resilience and academic performance. Longitudinal studies by Scales et al. (2003) and Hanson and Austin (2003) found a positive association, indicating that increased resilience correlates with improved academic performance and higher test scores. Similarly, research on Mexican American high school students (Gonzalez and Padilla, 1997) and academically resilient students (Alva, 1991) consistently showed that resilient students achieve higher grades and maintain motivation despite stressors. Further research supports this connection. Novotny and Keménková (2016) identified a significant relationship between resilience and academic performance in at-risk youth, emphasizing the importance of individualized psychological care and a sense of mastery. Studies by Mwangi et al. (2018) and McLafferty, Mallet, and McCauley (2012) also demonstrated a significant positive correlation, suggesting that resilience predicts both coping mechanisms at university and academic success. Fernández et al. (2018) also found that resilience significantly influences academic performance among adolescents, with highly resilient students outperforming those with lower resilience. Consistent with these findings, Mwangi et al. (2017) observed that students with moderate to high resilience levels achieved better academic outcomes, and Hassim, Strydom, and Strydom (2013) reported higher academic grades in highly resilient psychosocial science students. Zolkoski and Bullock (2012) further elaborated that academically resilient students exhibit positive traits like intrinsic motivation, optimism, self-regulation, and effective communication, leading to better academic performance, a finding echoed by Mallin, Walker, and Levin (2013). In Asia, studies reinforce these findings. Tanji et al. (2021) in Japan and Akbarilakeh, Eftekharzadeh, and Khodakarim (2017) in Saudi Arabia reported a significant positive relationship between resilience and academic performance among nursing and dental students, respectively. Lia, Martin, and Yeung (2017) highlighted resilience's substantial impact on academic performance in children and young people. Okabe (2018) found that resilience enabled Filipino boys to excel academically by enhancing their ability to deal with difficulties. Qualitative studies in the Philippines also confirm resilience's positive influence on academic performance, contributing to lower academic burnout and increased academic capability (Rendeza, 2020; Lanuza, Rizal, Aligam & Uy, 2020). These findings collectively suggest that higher levels of resilience enable students to better cope with stress, overcome struggles, and consequently improve their academic performance (Britton, 2018; Mwangi et al., 2017; Delestre, 2016). Despite the compelling evidence, some studies indicate no significant relationship between resilience and academic performance. Hudzon (2007) at Florida State University found no significant correlation between resilience dimensions and college student grades. Similarly, Herrero (2014) reported a weak correlation, and studies by Sabitu, Babatunde, and Oluwole (2012) and Gross (2011) also failed to establish a significant link. Mallick and Kaur (2016) observed higher resilience among urban Indian senior secondary students compared to rural counterparts but found no significant relationship with academic achievement. These contrasting findings suggest that the relationship between resilience and academic performance may not be universal and could be influenced by various contextual factors. Given the ongoing global challenges, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic's immense impact on education, there is a clear need for additional research on the relationship between student resilience and academic performance during such unprecedented times. While prior studies have explored these variables, current circumstances warrant a focused examination to inform educational institutions and policymakers. In view of the discussion above, there were few studies conducted on the resilience and academic performance of students especially among the indigenous peoples in Ifugao, Philippines. Though there have been studies measuring student resilience and academic performance but they are not sufficient. Especially today that the Covid-19 pandemic immensely affected education, there is a need for additional studies on the relationship between resilience and academic performance of students particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic. This will aid educational institutions and educators in their planning or development of contingency plans or programs for an unanticipated event like the COVID-19 pandemic to sustain the delivery of educational services even during unforeseen events. This study aims to assess the resilience and academic performance of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the relationship between these two variables. Specifically, it will measure the level of resilience and academic performance among college students, and investigate whether specific dimensions of resilience, such as personal competence and acceptance of self and life, predicts their academic performance. The findings are expected to raise awareness among educational institutions, educators, school administrators, parents, and guardians about the critical importance of fostering student resilience for both academic success and overall life achievements.
Beatrice Matafwali, Dubeka Mweendalubi
This study examined the role of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) in delivering continuum services to learners with special educational needs and disabilities (LSEND) at the One Stop Centre of Livingstone University Teaching Hospital, Southern Province, Zambia. Grounded in epistemological foundations within a positivist paradigm, the research used a phenomenological design to capture participants’ lived experiences of MDT practice. A qualitative approach was employed, with data gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 18 participants, including healthcare professionals, special education teachers, social workers, and caregivers. Thematic analysis identified recurring patterns across participant accounts. Findings indicate that effective interdisciplinary collaboration within the MDT enhanced continuum services for LSEND through: (i) comprehensive multidisciplinary assessment; (ii) tailored, individualized intervention planning; (iii) collaborative planning and shared decision-making; (iv) professional development and cross-disciplinary learning; (v) ongoing communication and coordinated service delivery; (vi) systematic monitoring of learner progress; (vii) active family and caregiver involvement; (viii) early identification and intervention; and (ix) holistic support addressing educational, medical, psychosocial, and developmental needs. Overall, structured MDT collaboration strengthened service coordination, improved timeliness of interventions, and promoted continuity of care for LSEND. The study concludes that multidisciplinary teamwork is a critical mechanism for enhancing access to comprehensive, coordinated, and sustainable continuum services within one-stop service delivery models in Zambia.
M. Yusuf, Nurtaji Wathoni, Rimawardah, Tajidan Tajidan
The research aims to: (1) Analyse the social costs of the people's salt industry in Bima Regency; (2) Analyse the private and social benefits of the people's salt industry in Bima Regency; (3) Determine the obstacles faced by farmers in the people's salt industry in Bima Regency. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive, while data collection is conducted through a survey. The unit of analysis used in this research is the people's salt industry actors in Bima Regency. This research was conducted in two sub-districts, namely Woha Sub-district in Talabiu Village and Bolo Sub-district in Sanolo Village, using "Purposive Sampling". Respondents were selected using "Quota Sampling", and the number of respondents was determined using the "Slovin" formula, resulting in 43 respondents. The selection of respondents as a sample was carried out using "accidental sampling". The data types are quantitative and qualitative, and the data sources are primary and secondary. The results of the study show: (1) The social costs of the people's salt industry in Bima Regency are IDR 12,304,889/ha; (2) The private profit of the people's salt industry in Bima Regency is 1,328,480 / ha, while the social profit is IDR 6,140,355 / ha. The B/C ratio value is 0.33 (B/C ≥ 0). Thus, the people's salt industry in Bima Regency is feasible to be developed from an economic and social perspective; (3) The main obstacles faced by the people's salt industry in Bima Regency are marketing and unstable selling prices with 17 respondents (39.53%), followed by capital and marketing constraints with 13 respondents (30.23%), and unstable weather, quality, and selling prices with 10 respondents (23.26%). Meanwhile, the smallest obstacles are capital and weather, with 3 respondents (6.98%). This shows that the marketing aspect is the biggest and most urgent problem to be addressed in developing the people's salt industry.
Nora Taravari, Phd, Zineta Asani, PhD
Introduction: Despite progress in technology and healthcare, North Macedonia faces significant social challenges. Unemployment is at 12.5%, with youth unemployment at 26.9%, leading to a "brain drain" that hampers economic growth. Gender disparities in employment persist, particularly in rural areas, where women face traditional barriers. Mental health issues, including rising stress and anxiety among youth, are exacerbated by stigma and inadequate resources, especially in rural regions. Domestic violence remains a critical issue, often unreported due to shame and limited support. Addressing these challenges is essential for fostering equity and community stability. Purpose of the research: This research will identify and analyze the complex social challenges facing North Macedonia to highlight issues such as high unemployment rates, gender disparities in employment, rising mental health concerns, and domestic violence, all of which adversely impact individuals and communities. By raising awareness of these social challenges and their potential repercussions, the research seeks to encourage a deeper understanding of these issues and motivate efforts toward creating a more equitable and just society. Methodology: The research is based on available data analysis, including employment, mental health, domestic violence records, and equity statistics. Results: The research results are mainly related to the social challenges that adversely impact individuals or groups in North Macedonia through gender disparities in employment, domestic violence, and mental health issues and the respective avenues to address those challenges. Conclusion: Addressing these issues and their potential societal repercussions is essential. Raising awareness of these social challenges can encourage a deeper understanding of global issues and motivate efforts toward building a more equitable and just world.
Shihana Hussain, RDC Niroshinie
This study investigates the job-related stress among 201 senior secondary teachers from private and international schools in the Colombo Educational Zone, Colombo District in Sri Lanka, recognizing the critical role of teachers in shaping student outcomes and the broader educational environment. This research was guided by the objective to identify the levels of job-related stress experienced by teachers. A quantitative approach was employed, combining quantitative survey data analyzed through descriptive statistics, ANOVA, one-sample t-test, and regression with qualitative insights driven from unstructured interviews and thematic analysis. Findings revealed that the majority of teachers experienced moderate stress, with a significant proportion reporting high stress levels. Yet, factors related to relaxation, energy, and emotional balance were notably weaker. It suggests that stress destroys the strength of a person even when professional commitment continues. Qualitative themes reinforced these results by illustrating how stress affects teachers’ personal life. It also highlights protective factors such as administrative support and professional flexibility. The study concludes that job-related stress is both statistically measurable and experientially evident in teachers’ lives. Finally, it is recommended that schools provide teachers with further independence in their jobs and implement stress reduction initiatives. Counseling services should be made available, workload should be balanced, and teachers’ accomplishments should be acknowledged. Additionally, peer support networks must be reinforced, and regular monitoring must be carried out. These findings show that systematic action at the school level is urgently needed to protect teachers.
Abdillah Mustari
This article critically examines the persistent tension between the principles of the rule of law and political interests in Indonesia’s system of democratic governance. Although Indonesia constitutionally affirms itself as a state based on law, as enshrined in Article 1(3) of the 1945 Constitution, the practical operation of legal institutions reveals a pattern of sustained political intervention. Such intervention has significantly weakened legal certainty, undermined institutional independence, and eroded public trust in the legal system. Employing a normative-doctrinal legal approach combined with contextual political analysis, this study argues that law in Indonesia is frequently instrumentalized by political elites. Rather than functioning as a neutral framework to restrain power and uphold justice, legal mechanisms are often deployed to legitimize and consolidate political authority. The analysis focuses on three interrelated domains. First, it explores political influence in the legislative process, demonstrating how formally valid legal procedures may produce substantively regressive outcomes, particularly when public participation and accountability are marginalized. Second, it examines the politicization of the judiciary, especially through appointment mechanisms and decision-making processes that compromise judicial independence and constitutional oversight. Third, it analyzes the selective and politically biased enforcement of law, highlighting how executive influence and weak accountability structures distort the principle of equality before the law. To contextualize Indonesia’s experience, the article draws comparative insights from other transitional and backsliding democracies, including South Korea, Taiwan, Hungary, and Poland. These cases illustrate how institutional design, political commitment, and civil society engagement shape the resilience or fragility of the rule of law. The findings suggest that Indonesia’s rule of law challenges are structural rather than incidental, reflecting deeper governance deficits. Consequently, strengthening the rule of law in Indonesia requires comprehensive institutional reform, the depoliticization of legal institutions, and the reinforcement of democratic accountability to ensure the substantive realization of constitutional legality.
Arzizul Bin Antin, Connie Shin@Cassy Ompok, Lee Bih Ni, Nur Farha Binti Shaafi
This study examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in history education in Sabah through a comparative analysis of rural and urban secondary schools. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research investigates differences in AI access, usage patterns, teacher readiness, and student learning experiences between the two contexts. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to history teachers and students to measure levels of AI integration, perceived effectiveness, and digital competency, while qualitative data were gathered via semi-structured interviews to capture contextual challenges, pedagogical practices, and perceptions of AI-supported history learning. The findings reveal notable disparities between rural and urban schools, particularly in infrastructure availability, teacher confidence, and frequency of AI use, while also highlighting shared opportunities for enhancing historical thinking and student engagement through AI tools. The study contributes empirical evidence to the limited literature on AI in history education in East Malaysia and offers insights for policymakers and educators aiming to promote more equitable and effective AI integration across diverse school settings.
Arzizul Bin Antin, Connie Shin@Cassy Ompok, Lee Bih Ni, Nur Farha Binti Shaafi
This study examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in history education in Sabah through a comparative analysis of rural and urban secondary schools. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research investigates differences in AI access, usage patterns, teacher readiness, and student learning experiences between the two contexts. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to history teachers and students to measure levels of AI integration, perceived effectiveness, and digital competency, while qualitative data were gathered via semi-structured interviews to capture contextual challenges, pedagogical practices, and perceptions of AI-supported history learning. The findings reveal notable disparities between rural and urban schools, particularly in infrastructure availability, teacher confidence, and frequency of AI use, while also highlighting shared opportunities for enhancing historical thinking and student engagement through AI tools. The study contributes empirical evidence to the limited literature on AI in history education in East Malaysia and offers insights for policymakers and educators aiming to promote more equitable and effective AI integration across diverse school settings.
Arzizul Bin Antin, Connie Shin@Cassy Ompok, Lee Bih Ni, Nur Farha Binti Shaafi
This study examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in history education in Sabah through a comparative analysis of rural and urban secondary schools. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research investigates differences in AI access, usage patterns, teacher readiness, and student learning experiences between the two contexts. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to history teachers and students to measure levels of AI integration, perceived effectiveness, and digital competency, while qualitative data were gathered via semi-structured interviews to capture contextual challenges, pedagogical practices, and perceptions of AI-supported history learning. The findings reveal notable disparities between rural and urban schools, particularly in infrastructure availability, teacher confidence, and frequency of AI use, while also highlighting shared opportunities for enhancing historical thinking and student engagement through AI tools. The study contributes empirical evidence to the limited literature on AI in history education in East Malaysia and offers insights for policymakers and educators aiming to promote more equitable and effective AI integration across diverse school settings.
Fontanos, Dayna Claire C, Gapuz, Angel Jhoi B, Maynes, Angelica Mae A, Nerona, Lyka Mel V., Niel Karlo S. Apigo, Oscar O. Ancheta JR, Valdez, Melisse Monica A
In recent years, discussions in early childhood education (ECE) have expanded beyond teaching and learning to include the emotional dimensions of teaching, particularly the emotional labor involved in caring for young children. Early learning settings are characterized by close and sustained interactions with children during a highly formative stage of development, which naturally fosters deep emotional ties between teachers and learners. These relationships play a vital role in supporting children’s social, emotional, and developmental growth. However, they also present challenges in maintaining professional boundaries, especially when teachers are expected to address both academic instruction and emotional care. Research, particularly from Western contexts such as the United States and Europe, suggests that emotional attachment in ECE is both beneficial and demanding. Positive teacher–child relationships are associated with improved behavior, emotional regulation, and learning outcomes. At the same time, excessive emotional involvement—when unsupported by clear professional guidelines—may contribute to emotional exhaustion, compassion fatigue, and burnout among teachers (Goff et al., 2022; Harrison & Gallagher, 2023). These findings highlight a critical tension between care and professionalism that remains central to early childhood teaching.
Ooi Boon Keat, YuLei
Since the 1990s, many countries have begun to emphasize the cultivation of core competencies. China's education system also entered an era oriented toward core competencies in 2016. Regarding strategies for developing subject core competencies of fine arts (SCCFA), many scholars believe that contextual teaching, integrated with values, knowledge, and methods, is conducive to fostering SCCFA. However, no systematic review or discussion of this cultivation strategy has yet been conducted based on existing theories. This paper aims to integrate relevant theories to outline a framework for this cultivation strategy and establish its theoretical foundation. First, it reviews and synthesizes existing scholars' proposed effective strategies for developing SCCFA: employing contextual teaching, invoking and supplementing necessary values, knowledge, and methods, using values as motivation, and applying knowledge and methods to solve contextual problems, thereby advancing SCCFA. In this process, value, knowledge, method, and contextual teaching all contribute to SCCFA development. Moreover, contextual teaching facilitates the transformation of value, knowledge, and method into SCCFA. A training framework for SCCFA was constructed based on the articulated strategies for cultivating SCCFA. This framework was further elaborated upon in conjunction with relevant theoretical foundations. Applying SCCFA as instructional objectives in art education corresponds to the levels of applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating within Bloom's taxonomy. Therefore, setting SCCFA as a relatively advanced learning goal in art instruction is essential. Drawing on Bruner's cognitive development theory and the discipline-based art education influenced by it, this study demonstrates that the five components of SCCFA visual literacy, aesthetic judgment, cultural understanding, artistic expression, and creative practice encompass the fundamental structure of the art discipline, validating the rationale for establishing SCCFA. Finally, integrating Constructivism learning theory and its branch, sociocultural theory, along with the concepts and expressions of contextual teaching and learning a pedagogical approach grounded in Constructivism this discussion demonstrates that the value of art & design, art & design knowledge, and art & design methods collectively promote the cultivation of SCCFA. Contextual teaching promotes the development of SCCFA. Contextual teaching has a mediating effect on the relationship between the value of art and design, art and design knowledge, art and design methods, and SCCFA. Overall, the strategies proposed by scholars for cultivating SCCFA align with relevant theories. Future empirical research is needed to validate the validity of this SCCFA cultivation framework
Asma Hakimah Ab Halim, Bernard Noel Beneldus, Fatimah Yusro Hashim, Mohd Zamre Mohd Zahir, Nazura Abdul Manap, Suhaizad Saifuddin
Marriage constitutes a fundamental social institution that underpins family formation, social stability, and societal well-being. However, third-person interference in marriage remains a persistent social issue that frequently contributes to marital conflict, breakdown, and divorce, resulting in complex social and legal implications. This study examines third-person interference in marriage from both social and legal perspectives within the Malaysian context, with particular emphasis on moral values, legal regulation, and enforcement challenges. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Qualitative data were obtained through doctrinal legal analysis, literature review, and document analysis of statutory provisions, judicial decisions, and academic writings to establish the relevant legal and theoretical framework. Quantitative data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to respondents from diverse backgrounds, including academics, legal practitioners, and members of the public. The findings indicate that, from a social perspective, third-party interference particularly through adultery and extramarital relationships is widely regarded as contrary to the moral, cultural, and religious values upheld by Malaysian society. Such conduct is perceived to undermine marital trust, family harmony, and social order. From a legal standpoint, although the criminal offence of third-party interference under Malaysian civil law has been abolished following a Federal Court decision, civil remedies based on tortious claims remain available to aggrieved spouses. In contrast, Syariah law continues to recognise third-party interference as a criminal offence applicable to Muslims. Nevertheless, enforcement under the Syariah legal framework faces significant challenges, particularly due to limitations in the admissibility of digital evidence and jurisdictional constraints arising from state-based authority. This study recommends the introduction of new statutory provisions under the Penal Code to address third-party interference in marriage within the Civil Courts in a gender-neutral manner, alongside the strengthening of Syariah legal provisions to enhance enforcement effectiveness and to safeguard the family institution in Malaysia.
Ani Munirah Mohamad, Mohd Bahrin Othman, Zaiton Hamin
This study examines three decades of scholarly output on hacking and the law, addressing the growing need to understand how legal, regulatory and ethical dimensions of hacking have evolved in response to rapid technological change. Despite the proliferation of cybersecurity incidents and corresponding policy developments, there has been limited systematic assessment of the intellectual landscape shaping this field. To address this gap, the study employed a structured bibliometric methodology. Data were collected using Scopus advanced searching, covering publications from 1995 to 2025, yielding an initial dataset of 246 documents that was subsequently refined to 236 through the application of inclusion criteria. Statistical trends and distributional patterns were analysed using the Scopus Analyzer, while OpenRefine was used to clean, standardise and harmonise author names, keywords and source information to ensure data accuracy. VOSviewer was then applied to generate visualisations of co-authorship networks, keyword co occurrence structures and thematic clusters, enabling the identification of dominant research themes and collaborative patterns. The results demonstrate a marked increase in publication activity after 2010, with notable peaks between 2020 and 2025, and reveal substantial thematic concentration around ethical hacking, cybersecurity, penetration testing and legal governance of digital intrusions. Co-authorship mapping further highlights the central roles of the United States, India and the United Kingdom, alongside emerging contributions from Malaysia and selected European countries. The analysis shows that research in this domain is expanding, diversifying and becoming increasingly interdisciplinary. The study concludes that bibliometric insights provide a robust foundation for understanding how legal scholarship is adapting to the complexities of contemporary cyber threats and regulatory transformations, while also identifying future research directions in technology law and governance.
Adriana Shamsudin, Ahmad Jusoh, Mohd Noor Azli Ali Khan
This paper provides an up-to-date Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of the determinants of Financial Reporting Quality (FRQ). The review analyses 143 relevant articles on FRQ determinants retrieved from the Scopus database. This study extends prior reviews by examining publication trends, the theories and models applied, the measures of FRQ used and the future research agenda concerning studies on FRQ determinants. The determinants identified in the literature are grouped into seven clusters: Corporate Governance, Audit, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Adoption, Technology, Business Profile and Performance, Other Internal Factors and Other External Factors. Among these, Corporate Governance remains the most widely studied, while Technology has recently gained significant research attention. Agency Theory, Stakeholder Theory and the Modified Jones Model are the most employed in studies relying on secondary data, while the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) Framework's qualitative characteristics are most frequently used as the basis for FRQ measurement in primary data studies. However, the lack of a comprehensive FRQ index in prior research highlights a key gap and opportunities for future studies. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive FRQ research landscape and syntheses the main drivers of FRQ explored in the existing literature.
Fariha Diyana Awang Ali, Hamdan Mohd Salleh, Kirrthana Satheesh Kumar, Nur Muneerah Kasim, Nurul Nabila Ibrahim, Rahmat Helmi Hidayat, Rashidin Idris, Siti Nur Fadilah Kassim, Thilaageshwary Thangadurai
This study investigates the relationship between workplace bullying and job satisfaction among secondary school teachers in the Gombak District. A total of 261 teachers participated in the study, which employed a quantitative research design using structured questionnaires to collect data. Inferential statistical analyses, including the Independent Sample T-Test and Pearson correlation, were conducted to examine the relationship between the variables. The results of the Independent Sample T-Test indicated no statistically significant difference in workplace bullying (t(259) = 1.212, p = 0.226) or job satisfaction (t(136.78) = -1.350, p = 0.179) between the two groups, suggesting that group differences were minimal. However, the Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong and significant negative relationship between workplace bullying and job satisfaction (r = -0.854, p < 0.001). This finding implies that as experiences of workplace bullying increase, levels of job satisfaction among teachers significantly decrease. The results underscore the detrimental impact of workplace bullying on teachers’ morale and professional well-being. Therefore, it is essential for school administrators and policymakers to foster a supportive and respectful work environment to enhance job satisfaction and overall teacher performance within the district.
Dr. Godwin Simeon Anigboro, Kevin Emojevwe Akpochafo, Prof. Callistar Kidochukwu Obi, Prof. Peter Chukwuyem Egbon
This study examines trade openness, foreign direct investment and growth in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) using data from 1990 to 2024 which was estimated with a Panel Error Correction Model (ECM) and a Panel ARDL framework as a robustness check. The analysis incorporates trade openness, foreign direct investment (FDI), and the exchange rate as key explanatory variables for GDP. The findings show strong evidence of a long-run cointegrating relationship among the variables, confirmed by a highly significant and negative error-correction term, indicating that deviations from equilibrium are corrected each period. Across both models, FDI emerges as the only variable with a statistically significant and positive impact on GDP in the short and long run, underscoring its central role in stimulating economic growth. In contrast, trade openness and exchange-rate movements show no significant influence on GDP, suggesting that their benefits remain constrained by structural bottlenecks within the region. The study therefore recommends that policy makers in ECOWAS Countries should strengthen regional investment climate to attract productive FDI by harmonising investment regulations across ECOWAS to reduce investor uncertainty and make the region function like a single investment destination, deepen implementation of the ECOWAS Common Investment Market (ECIM) to attract large-scale manufacturing, agro-processing, and energy investments and reorient trade openness toward value addition and regional production. Since trade openness is insignificant for growth, ECOWAS must shift focus from opening markets to building productive capacity by promoting regional value chains in agriculture (cocoa, cashew, shea, rice), manufacturing (pharmaceuticals, textiles), and services (finance, ICT). Finally, it must reduce non-tariff barriers (NTBs) at borders, especially delays, extortion, and lack of harmonized standards.
Dr. Akhogbai Emmanuel Monday
Conflict remains a persistent feature of many African states, often exacerbated by weak institutions, identity politics, resource competition, and postcolonial governance structures. Long before the emergence of modern legal and political systems, African societies developed indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms rooted in communal values, restorative justice, consensus-building, and moral authority. These traditional mechanisms—such as councils of elders, mediation by traditional rulers, age-grade systems, and customary courts—continue to operate informally alongside formal state institutions. This article examines the relevance, effectiveness, and limitations of traditional conflict resolution mechanisms within contemporary African states. Using a qualitative, conceptual, and comparative approach, the study explores how indigenous practices contribute to social cohesion, legitimacy, and sustainable peace, particularly at the grassroots level. The paper further analyzes the tensions and complementarities between traditional mechanisms and modern legal frameworks, highlighting issues of human rights, gender inclusion, constitutional recognition, and state authority. Drawing on examples from selected African societies, the article argues that traditional conflict resolution mechanisms, when appropriately adapted and integrated, can complement formal justice systems and enhance conflict management in modern African states. The study concludes by advocating for a hybrid conflict resolution framework that respects cultural heritage while aligning with democratic governance and international human rights norms.
Norsafura Shamsuri, Suhaizal Hashim
Leadership plays a critical role in shaping educators’ professional experiences, particularly within complex and emotionally demanding educational environments. Among various leadership approaches, transformational leadership has been consistently associated with positive educator outcomes, while emotional intelligence has gained recognition as an essential leadership capability that supports effective interpersonal interactions and organisational functioning. Educators’ self-efficacy is a key psychological construct influencing motivation, engagement, and professional performance. Despite increasing empirical attention to these constructs, prior studies have frequently examined transformational leadership, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy in isolation, with limited systematic integration, especially within vocational education contexts. This study aims to systematically review empirical research examining the relationships between transformational leadership, emotional intelligence, and educators’ self-efficacy, with particular relevance to vocational and technical education settings. Guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework, a systematic search was conducted using the Scopus database. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in the selection of 23 peer-reviewed, open-access empirical studies published between 2014 and 2025. The included studies were analysed thematically to identify key patterns, methodological characteristics, and research gaps across diverse educational contexts. The findings indicate a consistent positive relationship between transformational leadership and educators’ self-efficacy, as well as related outcomes such as job satisfaction, motivation, work engagement, and organisational commitment. Emotional intelligence emerged as a significant complementary factor that enhances transformational leadership behaviours and indirectly supports educators’ self-efficacy. However, the review also reveals methodological limitations, including a predominance of cross-sectional quantitative designs and a limited focus on vocational education settings. Overall, this systematic literature review consolidates empirical evidence on the interconnected roles of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence in shaping educators’ self-efficacy. The findings highlight the need for more context-sensitive and longitudinal research, particularly within vocational education, to inform leadership development practices and educational policy initiatives.
Amir Faisal Awang, Hafis Simin, Hairulnizam Mohd Khori, Iman Sahadom
The transformation of rural entrepreneurship through digital marketing is a key driver of rural economic development in Malaysia. This study examines how digital marketing platforms have succeeded, focusing on several success stories, including Jungle Girl (Pahang), Agropreneur Perlis, Nanakamalbiz (Johor), Biskut JK (Perak), and food entrepreneurs in Sabah. Descriptive qualitative methods were used, leveraging academic reports, e-commerce data, and government policies such as MyDIGITAL and the MADANI Budget 2026. The study found that digital marketing strategies, such as the use of social media, e-commerce, storytelling, and live stream advertising, helped expand markets, increase sales, and strengthen the identity of rural products. The study also addressed challenges such as lack of infrastructure support or uneven internet connectivity in rural communities, which hindered optimal access to digital transformation. In conclusion, digital marketing not only strengthens rural economies but also empowers rural communities as active players in the country’s digital economic ecosystem.
Faidzulaini Muhammad, Wan Maryam Jameelah Wan Alias, Zulkiffly Baharom
Organizational culture is widely recognized as a vital driver of long-term performance and innovation, yet many organizations remain plagued by toxic, disengaged, and ethically compromised environments. This conceptual article addresses a critical gap in the literature by shifting the discourse from a construction-centric to a destruction-aware perspective. It synthesizes contemporary research to propose an integrative model of "organizational culture killers," active, synergistic processes that erode cultural health. These are categorized into leadership-activated failures (destructive leadership, lack of psychological safety) and organizationally embedded failures (misaligned human resource (HR) architectures, symbolic/perk-centered culture, toxic positivity). Grounded in social exchange theory, psychological safety theory, and agency-institutional theories, the model explains how these killers systematically degrade trust, voice, and value integrity. A key theoretical proposition is that organizational trust moderates the destructive impact of organizational trust. The analysis yields five testable propositions to guide future research and derives urgent practical implications. It argues that leaders and HR must proactively audit for and dismantle these killers, reframing cultural stewardship as a core governance and risk-mitigation imperative essential to ethical and sustainable performance.
Abdul Momen, Gazi Md. Saifuddin
The incidence of social violence in subsequent historical periods has seldom diminished, presenting a continual challenge that erodes communal harmony and mutual understanding across cultures. This study examines the rationale for investigating social bondage through Islamic thought, which surpasses secular constraints by reducing misconceptions and promoting exemplary social connections. The main aim is to emphasize Islam's established principles for fostering secure and mutually beneficial social relationships, safeguarding the rights and welfare of women, children, parents, relatives, neighbors, subordinates, Muslims, non-Muslims, marginalized individuals, the disabled, animals, birds, and the environment. The study utilizes a qualitative methodology, doing text reviews and theme literature analysis of Islamic sources to investigate prevention systems against violence. Key findings indicate that Islam provides a comprehensive framework for mutual reciprocity, fostering good motivations among various cultures and putting all individuals as equal beneficiaries or victims, similar to Muslims. Findings indicate that Islamic regulations effectively mitigate violence via established safeguards, fostering inclusive social cohesiveness. The consequences highlight the capacity of Islamic values to shape modern policies on social violence prevention, providing a framework for fair community connections beyond Muslim contexts.
Dr.T.Premalatha, T.Sathiya Priya
Teachers are responsible for creating students who will build the nation in the future. Hence, it is very essential that future teachers who are going to work as teachers should possess high social values. This study aims to investigate the level of social values among the B.Ed. students in Coimbatore District. For this, a descriptive survey method was followed, and 209 future teachers were selected using the cluster sampling method. The social value scale used to gather data for this study was created by Suresh and Sabu (2018). The study found that the future teachers exhibit moderate levels of social skills. In this investigation, gender, family type, and parent education were found to be non-significant factors, and locality, sibling status, and marital status were found to be significant factors in understanding the social values of future teachers.
Lech Walesa M. Navarra, Ma. Theresa F. Reyes
This study explores the career preferences and influencing factors among computer engineering students at Bulacan State University across various academic years. Utilizing a quantitative survey methodology with a sample of 128 students and graduates, the research identifies key determinants shaping students' career decisions, including job market prospects, personal interests, educational offerings, parental and peer influence, and societal factors. Findings reveal that software development, hardware engineering, data analysis, cybersecurity, and game development are the most preferred career paths, while a significant number of students remain uncertain or consider careers outside the field. The study underscores the necessity for holistic career guidance programs, experiential learning opportunities, mentorship, curriculum review, and continuous student support to enhance career readiness and satisfaction. Recommendations aim to foster informed decision-making, optimize career development strategies, and strengthen university-industry linkages to better align student aspirations with labor market demands.
Nalulasi Masika Edwin
The research focuses on the mechanisms, challenges, and consequences that UHC reform in Kenya has, conceptualizing UHC as a long-term government policy project that cuts across the governance, financing, and state capacity nexus. Based on theoretical frameworks of policy learning, incrementalism, and institutional capacity, the article evaluates the effects of Kenya's devolved system of health and strategic purchasing mechanism on UHC implementation and equity outcomes. Using qualitative policy analysis of government reports and academic publications, the research unveils structural constraints of the social health insurance program over time, the presence of inequalities in the delivery of services, and constraints of governance that mitigate the effects of reforms. These results bring into focus the necessity to strengthen the institutional capacity, strategic purchasing, and intergovernmental mobilization to achieve equitable and sustainable UHC. The article is a policy theory contribution to intricate social reforms through the way in which iterative policy learning and governance structure frame reform paths in a lower- and middle-income setting.
Fariha Diana Awang Ali, Hamdan Mohd Salleh, Juppri Bacotang, Mohd Azuan Sulaiman, Nor Aida Sapuan, Nur Arissa Khadijah Binti Rozi, Nurul Syakira Mohd Shazwan Elmey, Rashidin Idris
Early mathematics plays a crucial role in shaping children’s cognitive and problem-solving skills, and parents’ perceptions significantly influence how mathematical experiences are introduced at home. This study explores the relationship between parents’ perceptions and early mathematics exposure among children in Kuala Selangor, Selangor. Grounded in the principles of constructivist theory, the research employed a quantitative survey method, using a structured questionnaire adapted from the Parents’ Play Belief Scale (PPBS) and Home Mathematics Environment (HME). Data were collected from 189 parents via Google Forms, and a pilot study was conducted to ensure instrument validity and reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values of .892 (Parents' Perceptions) and .959 (Early Mathematics) indicating strong internal consistency. The findings revealed a moderate, positive, and significant correlation between parents’ perceptions and early mathematics (r = .371, p < .001), suggesting that more favorable parental attitudes are associated with greater engagement in home-based numeracy practices. However, independent samples t-tests indicated no significant differences in perceptions and early mathematics exposure across demographic groups. The results underscore the importance of empowering parents through strategic collaboration with educators to promote play-based and contextual learning at home. This study contributes to the growing literature on early childhood education in Malaysia by highlighting the critical role parents play in shaping foundational mathematics skills. It calls for stronger parental support mechanisms aligned with national curricula, such as the Kurikulum Standard Prasekolah Kebangsaan (KSPK) and Program Literasi dan Numerasi (PLaN). These findings advocate for a holistic, home-school partnership model that supports early mathematical development and fosters lifelong learning readiness.
Izura Ibrahim, Mu'izzuddin Mat Nor, Nurfaznim Shuib, Siti Murni Mat Khairi, Sovia Rosalin
This study examines the impact of digital transformation on organizational performance, emphasizing the mediating role of dynamic capabilities. As organizations increasingly adopt digital strategies, many struggle to realize their full potential due to challenges in resource reconfiguration, strategic alignment, and technological adaptation. The study aims to develop how dynamic capabilities—such as sensing, seizing, and transforming—mediate the relationship between digital transformation and organizational performance, enabling firms to achieve competitive advantages. Using a quantitative research approach, data was collected from organizations across various industries, analyzed through structural equation modelling to assess the relationships among digital transformation, dynamic capabilities, and performance outcomes. The findings reveal that digital transformation positively influences organizational performance, with dynamic capabilities playing a crucial mediating role in optimizing digital investments, enhancing innovation, and fostering agility. Organizations with well-developed dynamic capabilities can better integrate digital technologies, restructure processes, and respond effectively to market changes, leading to sustained performance improvements. The study offers theoretical contributions by reinforcing the dynamic capabilities framework within the digital transformation context, highlighting the importance of adaptability and continuous learning in achieving long-term success. Practically, the findings suggest that firms should invest in digital skills development, data-driven decision-making, and agile strategies to maximize digital transformation benefits. However, the study acknowledges limitations, including industry-specific variations and the evolving nature of digital transformation, which may affect the generalizability of the results. Future research should explore sector-specific case studies, longitudinal analyses, and the role of emerging technologies to further understand how digital transformation can drive sustainable organizational performance.
Gondo Thembelihle
Background: Psycho technologies including biofeedback, neurofeedback, mindfulness applications, and cognitive training platforms are increasingly integrated into sport and Physical Education to enhance psychological readiness and performance. However, limited research has systematically examined both the measurable effects and lived experiences of these tools within structured training environments. Objective: This study investigated the impact of psycho technologies on motivation, focus, and performance among athletes, and explored the psychological and behavioural mechanisms underpinning their adoption and effectiveness. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed, combining phenomenological inquiry with quantitative evaluation. Sixty athletes and twelve coaches participated in a six-week intervention involving structured psycho technology routines. Tools were disaggregated into three categories: biofeedback, mindfulness/cognitive training, and performance monitoring. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus groups, standardized questionnaires, and coach observations. Thematic analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s six-step framework, while paired t-tests and correlation analyses assessed changes in motivation, focus, and performance. Results: Quantitative findings revealed significant improvements in motivation (d = 0.65) and attentional control (d = 0.60), with a 28% reduction in focus lapses and a 15% decrease in minor injuries (p < .05). Correlation analysis indicated that mindfulness and cognitive training tools were most strongly associated with reduced focus lapses (r = -.42), while biofeedback tools correlated with improved physiological regulation (r = .38). Qualitative themes highlighted enhanced self-regulation, confidence, and social reinforcement, alongside barriers such as resource constraints and uneven access. Conclusion: Psycho technologies are transformative tools in sport and Physical Education, fostering psychological readiness and performance through structured self-regulation and socially reinforced behavioural change. Their successful integration requires coach-led guidance, institutional support, and culturally responsive implementation. Future research should explore long-term impacts, cross-cultural applicability, and scalable models to ensure equitable access and sustained benefits.
Ahkmad Syafiudin, Noriza Aziz
Digital transformation in the Islamic philanthropic sector has brought significant changes to muzaki behaviour, especially in urban areas with high levels of technology utilisation. Urban communities dominate the use of digital technology access in all their activities. This study aims to analyse the ease with which muzaki fulfil zakat obligations through a digital platform in urban areas. The study employed a qualitative method with a literature review approach, drawing on scientific articles, zakat institution reports, and publications on Sharia fintech from 2018 to 2025 in SINTA indexing, using the PRISMA framework. The results of the analysis show that zakat digitisation provides three primary forms of convenience for urban muzaki: (1) high accessibility through integrated applications and websites, (2) time efficiency and transaction transparency, and (3) increased trust thanks to real-time reporting systems and management certifications. Theoretical implications extend TAM/UTAUT in Islamic fintech contexts. In practice, institutions should scale multi-platform solutions that support QR payments. Digitalisation has the potential to expand muzaki participation while strengthening the national zakat system towards an inclusive, efficient, and sustainable system in the digital economy era. Further research should compare rural-urban gaps, track the impacts of disbursements, and test the effects of gamification on donation frequency.
Dr. Anil Kumar Mishra, Dr. Jagdeep Singh, Mr. Jeesan Danish Khan
Background: Air pollution is a major environmental health concern in rapidly urbanizing regions of India, with growing evidence that chronic exposure adversely affects respiratory health. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable, as lung growth and maturation continue during this critical developmental period. Urban environments typically exhibit higher levels of ambient air pollution compared to rural areas, potentially leading to disparities in lung function among adolescents. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare lung function parameters among urban and rural adolescents in Lucknow, India, and to examine the association between environmental exposure and respiratory health outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 50 school-going adolescents aged 10–16 years, including 25 participants each from urban and rural areas of Lucknow. Spirometric measurements— Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV₁), and the FEV₁/FVC ratio—were assessed using standardized spirometry protocols. Descriptive statistics were computed, and inferential analyses included independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests for prevalence comparison, and Pearson correlation analysis to examine associations between lung function and anthropometric variables. Results: Rural adolescents demonstrated significantly higher mean values of FVC, FEV₁, and FEV₁/FVC ratio compared to their urban counterparts (p < 0.001). The prevalence of lung function impairment (FEV₁ < 80% predicted) was substantially higher in the urban group (32%) than in the rural group (11%), with the difference being statistically significant (χ² = 12.57, p < 0.001). Strong positive correlations between height and lung function parameters were observed in both groups, confirming physiological consistency. Conclusions: The findings indicate significant urban–rural disparities in adolescent lung function, with poorer respiratory outcomes among urban adolescents. These results suggest that chronic exposure to higher levels of ambient air pollution in urban settings may impair lung growth and function. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted public health interventions, improved air quality control, and school-based respiratory health screening programs to protect adolescent lung health.
Arulnesan Priscilah Nivetha, Vithusia Prashanth
Assessment methods play an important role in evaluating students’ understanding of course content and in supporting effective learning. In the Software Quality Assurance (SQA) course, the syllabus primarily comprises theoretical concepts covering a broad range of topics, including quality models, testing strategies, standards, and process improvement techniques. Traditionally, essay-type questions have been used as the primary method of assessment. However, this approach was found to evaluate only limited portions of the syllabus, as students often concentrated on selected topics based on anticipated examination questions. As a result, students’ overall understanding of the complete course content was not adequately assessed, despite their exposure to all chapters of the syllabus. To address this limitation, the existing essay-based assessment format was restructured into a multiple-choice question (MCQ)-based approach. The redesigned MCQs were systematically developed to cover nearly all sections of each chapter, thereby enabling broader representation of course content within a single assessment. This approach facilitated the evaluation of students’ factual knowledge, conceptual understanding, and basic application of key principles across the entire curriculum. The adoption of MCQ-based assessments was also intended to promote consistent engagement with all topics rather than selective learning. An analysis of student feedback and assessment outcomes indicates that the MCQ-based approach enhanced comprehensive syllabus coverage, improved objectivity through standardized grading, and increased consistency in evaluation. Furthermore, students reported increased motivation to study the entire course content due to the broader scope of assessment. Nevertheless, it was acknowledged that MCQs alone may be limited in assessing higher-order cognitive skills, such as critical thinking, synthesis, and in-depth analysis. Therefore, the continued use of MCQs is proposed to ensure comprehensive content coverage while effectively assessing students’ understanding of key concepts. This approach supports efficient and consistent evaluation of learning outcomes in theory-intensive courses such as Software Quality Assurance.
Anthony Ajiduah, Dr Josephine Muchiri, Dr Njoki Waruinge
Coping with stress in police work is a growing concern, given that officers routinely operate in environments characterized by intense demands, complexity, and constant pressure. The aim of this study was to explore the utilization of stress coping mechanisms among police officers in Langata Constituency, Nairobi County, Kenya. This study utilized descriptive survey design. Quantitative methods were employed to generate measurable data suitable for statistical analysis of stress levels and associated factors. A sample size of 126 police officers was drawn from the total police population in the constituency. Cluster sampling was used, with police stations serving as clusters, followed by simple random sampling to select individual respondents within each station using duty rosters. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were used to determine coping mechanisms and how they differ by the police officers’ personal characteristics and demographic factors. The study found that police officers employ a variety of coping mechanisms to manage occupational stress, with speaking to someone being the most commonly used strategy, while taking a few days off work was the least utilized. Both positive and negative coping strategies were observed. The findings emphasize the importance of strengthening adaptive coping mechanisms through targeted psychosocial support, stress management training, and organizational interventions that are sensitive to officers’ life situations and career stages.
Jim Peterick G. Sison, Paulino V. Pioquinto
This study addresses a key gap in legal scholarship by deeply exploring the life world of new criminal lawyers during their first two years of practice, moving beyond the traditional quantitative focus on professional attrition. Utilizing a transcendental phenomenological approach, ten criminal lawyers in Dumaguete City,Negros Island Region, Philippines, were selected via purposive sampling and interviewed (FGD and IDI); data analysis was conducted using Colaizzi’s method. Findings establish that the initial professional phase is a crucible: participants quickly forged a commitment to justice and mastered advocacy, yet this period was severely strained by the complexity of the legal labyrinth and a relentless tempest of professional and client expectations. Successful adaptation to these challenges hinged on two core mechanisms: intentional self-development (Carving Paths of Wisdom and Precision) and anchoring to a robust support network (The Pillars of Partnership and Trust). Ultimately, a reliable support system was found to be critical for professional transition, guiding lawyers toward their twin goals of upholding The Beacon of Purpose and Principle and pursuing continuous excellence. This study strongly recommends that the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) and legal institutions institutionalize formal mentorship, dedicated mental health resources, and targeted professional training to sustain and empower these new legal practitioners.
Rhoidah Chifulo, Wilson L. Phiri
Background: Access to inclusive and contextually responsive financial systems remains central to the economic empowerment of women operating within informal economies, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Zambia, women market traders continue to face systemic exclusion from formal banking institutions due to limited collateral, irregular incomes, and gendered socio-economic constraints, despite their substantial contribution to household welfare and local economic development. Aim: To examine the role of village banking as a grassroots financial mechanism and its role in advancing the economic and social empowerment of women market traders in Chirundu District, Zambia. Methods: The study employed a qualitative research approach with hermeneutic phenomenological research design. Purposive non-random sampling method was used to recruit 15 participants who were active members of village banking groups. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and interviews were audio recorded. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: The findings reveal that village banking provides critical services including savings opportunities, access to loans and credit facilities, interest-bearing savings schemes, and mentorship coupled with financial training. These services enabled women to mobilise capital for business expansion, enhance household livelihoods through improved nutrition, housing, and educational support for children, and reduce reliance on exploitative informal moneylenders. Beyond economic gains, participation in village banking strengthened women’s financial discipline, decision-making autonomy, self-esteem, and social recognition, thereby contributing to broader processes of social empowerment and gender equality. However, the study also identified persistent challenges such as loan default, weak adherence to group rules, inadequate investment capital, leadership accountability gaps, and domestic tensions arising from shifting gender roles. Conclusion: The study concludes that village banking constitutes a significant catalyst for women’s economic and social empowerment within informal markets and represents a viable pathway toward advancing Sustainable Development Goal 5 on gender equality, provided that governance, financial literacy, and institutional linkages are strengthened. The study recommends strengthening institutional support, accountability, financial literacy training, and linkage with formal financial institutions to improve outcomes. Keywords: Village Banking, Women’s Economic Empowerment, Financial Inclusion, Microfinance, and Market Traders
Dr. Aishatu I. Ogiri, Emmanuel Ogbu Ocheje
This study assesses the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on vocational skills enhancement in Nigeria, spanning the years 1985 to 2023, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology. The empirical outcomes reveal a notable, yet negative, short-term effect, while a stable long-term correlation was not observed. These results imply that the mere attraction of FDI is inadequate; instead, policy interventions must strategically channel investments into sectors exhibiting more robust human capital connections and explicitly incorporate vocational training obligations within investment agreements. This study enriches the existing empirical literature by illustrating that the efficacy of FDI in fostering vocational skills is dependent on the state of institutional preparedness, thereby highlighting the necessity for focused policy coordination to harmonise foreign investment with national human development objectives.
Jhanna Samson, Jushua Estilo Villalobos, Lhyrance Ahra Ghem S. Cundiman, Maurice Robie O. Merin, Minerva C. Zoleta, Ryan Christian M. Hombre
This study presents the development and testing of a Wearable Personal Hygiene Reminder that automates toothbrushing alerts using an embedded system approach. The system integrates an Arduino Nano microcontroller, DS3231 Real-Time Clock (RTC), OLED display, active buzzer, magnetic reed sensor, and a 3.7V LiPo battery to monitor and validate brushing schedules. The RTC provides accurate timing for morning, afternoon, and evening alerts, while the buzzer issues continuous notifications until the brushing task is performed. The magnetic reed sensor ensures brushing meets the required duration and reactivates reminders if stopped prematurely. The system was prototyped and tested in a controlled environment. A total of 10 structured test cases were conducted, evaluating alert timing, brushing validation, buzzer notifications, and display feedback. Results demonstrated reliable alert scheduling, accurate task verification, and continuous feedback, ensuring consistent tooth-brushing behavior. The study’s key contribution is demonstrating an accessible, low-cost, wearable solution for promoting oral hygiene, with potential future enhancements including LCD display integration, wireless notifications, IoT monitoring, and automated brushing tracking for health applications.
Andrew NANDE, Joseph Otsayi UDENYI, Otuwose ABOKI
This study investigates the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity in Nigeria using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and annual time series data spanning from 1986 to 2024. It examines the effects of key climatic variables (average temperature, rainfall, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions) alongside structural and institutional factors such as fertilizer use, literacy rate, and mechanization (tractors per 100 sq. km). The results reveal that rainfall has a significant and positive long-run effect on agricultural productivity, underscoring the sector’s dependence on consistent precipitation. However, short-run rainfall variability negatively affects productivity, likely due to disruptions in planting and harvesting cycles. While temperature and CO₂ emissions are negatively signed, their long-run effects are statistically insignificant, suggesting possible adaptive responses or time-lagged impacts. Notably, fertilizer use exhibits a significant negative long-run relationship with productivity, indicating inefficiencies in application or usage. In contrast, mechanization shows a strong and positive lagged short-run impact, highlighting its transformative potential when effectively utilized. Literacy rate, however, does not exert a significant influence, pointing to institutional and implementation challenges. The study recommends integrated policies that include investment in irrigation infrastructure, reform of fertilizer distribution systems, expansion of mechanization access, and promotion of climate-smart agriculture. By addressing structural constraints and enhancing institutional support, Nigeria can build resilience in its agricultural sector and sustainably navigate the growing threats posed by climate change.
Adlan Abdul Razak, Asha Tasnim Ab Razak, Hanafi Haron, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Nur Iwani Mohd Sani, Nurul Iman Hamzah
Remote work has rapidly shifted from a temporary arrangement to a sustained employment model, reshaping how work is organised and where occupational risks arise. This development challenges traditional occupational safety and health (OSH) regulation, which has historically been designed around physical workplaces under employer control. In Malaysia, the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA) establishes general duties for ensuring employee safety. However, its application to home-based work remains legally uncertain due to the absence of explicit statutory recognition of remote work environments as workplaces. This paper examines whether Malaysia’s current OSH framework sufficiently protects remote workers, focusing on the regulatory gaps associated with physical hazards, ergonomic risks, psychosocial harm, enforcement limitations, and employer liability in non-employercontrolled settings. Adopting a doctrinal and comparative legal methodology, the study analyses Malaysia’s legal structure alongside selected approaches from other jurisdictions, with particular reference to the United Kingdom’s broader duty of care framework under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. The analysis is further contextualised using international labour standards, including the International Labour Organization’s Home Work Convention 1996 (No. 177), which articulates principles of equal protection for home-based workers, although Malaysia has not ratified the Convention. The findings indicate that Malaysia’s existing regulatory architecture does not adequately reflect the realities of remote work, leaving both workers and employers without clear guidance on responsibility allocation and compliance. The paper proposes targeted legal and policy reforms, including clarifying statutory definitions, strengthening regulatory guidance on remote OSH, recognising psychosocial hazards as part of OSH protection, and establishing practical mechanisms for enforcement in home-based work arrangements.
Stephen Gorard
This brief paper looks at the challenges of using research evidence to help formulate education policy. Over the last 30 years, governments and funders worldwide have sought to improve the quality of primary evidence produced by publicly-funded research (NRC 1999). And understanding of effective interventions to inform education policy (and practice) has improved somewhat since the creation of the US Institute of Education Sciences, the Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) in England, and other initiatives. There has also been progress in methods of synthesising research results, with the work of Evidence Centres and others (Davies and Silloway 2016). Evidence of what apparently works in real-life, or not, is increasingly available to research users for the first time. However, there is a long way to go, and many problems remain. Education policy-makers generally say that they want, and use, good evidence, but do not always act correspondingly (Gallway and Sheppard 2015). The paper looks at some of their problems and then at some possible ways forward.
Amade Seidu, Glory Oladunni, Najib Waziri, Oghenerume Igbereyivwe, Tobechi Uzoigwe
Nigeria’s 2025 budget of 54.99 trillion naira allocates about 6.5 trillion naira to the security sector, with 3.1 trillion directed to defence, 1.31 trillion to the police, and 1.11 trillion to immigration and border management under the Interior Ministry. This distribution reflects a long-standing emphasis on military readiness for external threats, while agencies responsible for internal security receive comparatively limited resources. Evidence shows that states with larger landmasses and multiple international borders experience higher crime rates and ransom payments, underscoring the need for effective border governance. At the same time, the Nigerian Immigration Service remains underfunded and less integrated into the broader security framework. The persistence of insecurity despite a substantial military presence demonstrates the limitations of relying mainly on the armed forces for domestic policing. Military deployments have at times marginalised the police, eroded community trust, and created tensions with local inhabitants. The gap between strategic defence priorities and the everyday security challenges faced by citizens’ calls for a more balanced allocation of resources. International experiences provide instructive lessons. South Africa prioritised police funding over military expansion to address domestic crime. In contrast, countries in the Sahel that focused on military spending have seen rising insecurity. For Nigeria, a rebalanced strategy is essential. This includes focusing on aligning resources with internal security priorities, expanding police and immigration personnel to ensure adequate per capita, modernising border management systems, establishing predictable budgetary processes Expanding police recruitment, equipping officers with modern investigative and forensic technology, Moreover, domestic deployment of the military should be temporal and limited to constitutionally defined circumstances.
Hamidah Mohamad1, Jiang Dongyan
This study maps the thematic evolution and emerging research frontiers of work engagement among higher education teachers (2010–2025) using bibliometric knowledge mapping. Based on 327 articles and reviews retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, CiteSpace was used to analyze institutional collaboration and keyword co-occurrence, and to perform clustering, burst detection, and timeline visualization. The results indicate rapid publication growth over the past decade, reflecting sustained scholarly interest in engagement in higher education. However, institutional contributions remain widely distributed but weakly consolidated: many institutions publish only once, and a substantial proportion are isolated, pointing to fragmented and short-lived collaboration networks. Keyword and cluster patterns converge on an engagement–work context– outcomes structure linking work engagement with job demands and resources, burnout and well-being, job satisfaction, performance, and turnover-related outcomes. Burst and timeline analyses further suggest a shift from early emphasis on individual and contextual antecedents toward mechanism-oriented and relational/identity perspectives, alongside growing attention to sustainable academic work and organizational support. Overall, the field would benefit from stronger cross-institutional collaboration, clearer construct boundaries (work versus job/employee engagement), and integrative theorizing (e.g., JD–R, self-determination, and social identity) to enable more comparable operationalizations and actionable interventions in higher education.
Cecille T. Godin
This quantitative study utilized a descriptive and correlational research design to examine the relationship between work immersion readiness and the academic performance of computer programming students within School A of Tagum City Division, Philippines. To ensure reliable and accurate results, the researcher included the entire population of 64 respondents. Data were collected using Google Forms, and statistical tools such as frequency, percentages, weighted mean, composite mean, Pearson’s r, and simple linear regression were employed for analysis. Findings indicated an equal distribution of respondents by sex, with 32 males and 32 females, each representing 50%. Most participants (78.1%) were 17 years old, with a frequency of 50. The study revealed that work immersion readiness significantly influences academic performance among computer programming students. Readiness levels prior to participation in the work immersion program were assessed in terms of personal attitude, technical skills, social skills, and organizational awareness, with categorical means of 3.25, 2.14, 3.37, and 3.45, respectively, all interpreted as “Proficient.” Further analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between work immersion readiness and academic performance, with a p-value of .000. The R-value of .436 indicates a positive, moderate correlation between the two variables. Simple linear regression showed that work immersion readiness significantly predicts academic performance, supported by F (1, 63) = 14.589, p < .000. The study suggests using its findings to implement orientation sessions that prepare computer programming students for work immersion and to develop comprehensive training guidelines for effective program execution. Additionally, fostering partnerships with more computer programming industries can enhance students’ exposure and commitment to the work immersion experience.
Mohamad Azhan Yahya, Mohamad Rizal Abd Rahman, Mohd Izzat Amsyar Mohd Arif, Mohd Nor Akmal Khalid, Muhammad Syahrul Deen Ahmad Rosli, Nazura Abdul Manap
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has created new opportunities for youth to engage in digital entrepreneurship and generate economic income in innovative ways. However, the use of AI in business without adequate understanding of legal aspects may expose youth to legal risks, particularly in relation to copyright, liability, and digital marketing. Accordingly, this study aims to analyse the need for legal literacy among youth involved in AI-based entrepreneurship and to examine the importance of innovation governance as a mechanism for youth economic empowerment.