Parents' Influence on Junk Food Consumption among School Children in Puncak Alam

Abstract

The rising consumption of junk food among Malaysian children poses a serious public health challenge, contributing to obesity, nutritional deficiencies, and heightened risks of chronic diseases. This study examined parental influence on children’s eating habits in Puncak Alam, guided by three objectives: (1) to determine the frequency of junk food consumption, (2) to assess parental and children’s awareness of its health impacts, and (3) to analyse factors influencing parental decisions regarding junk food. Using purposive sampling, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with five parents, and the data were analysed thematically. Findings revealed that children consumed junk food two to four times weekly, especially after school and on weekends. While parents acknowledged risks such as obesity, diabetes, and reduced academic performance, they often allowed consumption due to time constraints, children’s preferences, easy availability, peer pressure, and the use of junk food as a reward. Limited nutritional knowledge further reinforced permissive practices. Parents also identified weight gain, dental caries, and decreased appetite for home-cooked meals as noticeable outcomes. Nevertheless, reliance on social media and informal sources for health information created gaps in understanding. The study concludes that parents are central to shaping children’s dietary environments, yet their decisions are influenced by emotional, social, and economic pressures. Addressing this issue requires culturally sensitive educational initiatives, practical guidance on affordable healthy meals, and school-based interventions to reduce junk food accessibility. Policy measures targeting child-focused marketing are also critical. By empowering parents and fostering supportive community and school environments, healthier eating patterns among children can be achieved.