Exploring the Contributing Factors of Stress and the Importance of Social Support among TVET Trainees

Abstract

Mental health among trainees in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs has been receiving increasing attention; however, there remains a lack of comprehensive studies specifically examining the role of social support in stress management. This study was conducted to identify the factors contributing to elevated stress levels and to explore the importance of social support received by trainees in managing stress. A qualitative research design was employed, involving data collection through focus group discussions (FGD) conducted in the form of group counseling sessions. Six TVET trainees who were members of the Student Representative Council at the Advanced Technology Training Center (ADTEC), Department of Human Resource (JTM) Campus Ipoh, were selected using purposive sampling. Findings revealed that the main factors contributing to high levels of stress among trainees included overlapping responsibilities as members of the Student Representative Council and commitments to skill workshops, burdensome financial constraints, and peer relationship challenges. The study also found that social support from family, peers, and lecturers played a significant role in helping trainees cope with stress, reduce feelings of isolation, and enhance self-confidence and motivation. Accordingly, special emphasis should be placed on the active involvement of institutional counselors, the development of peer mentoring programs, and strengthening the role of families in providing social support to trainees. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for top management in designing policies and implementing more inclusive and responsive practices to address the psychosocial needs of trainees within the TVET education context, particularly in the area of stress management.