Employee Green Behavior and Organizational Effectiveness: Evidence from Public Organizations in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

This study explores how Employee Green Behavior (EGB) affects organizational effectiveness in public sector institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using Institutional Theory and Social Exchange Theory, the research examines the interaction between institutional capacity and employee reciprocity in supporting organizational sustainability and results. Through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 34 peer-reviewed studies from 2020 to 2025, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, the study summarizes empirical and conceptual findings. The findings indicate that EGB consistently promotes organizational effectiveness, though its impact is shaped by internal structures, policies, and context. Transformational leadership and green human resource practices are key mechanisms that foster employee commitment, empowerment, and shared environmental goals. Ultimately, organizational effectiveness in this context requires coordinated alignment among green behaviors, institutional capabilities, leadership vision, and integrated policy, recognizing employees as drivers of sustainable change.