Effect of Port Digitization on the Logistics Performance of Maritime Supply Chains in Nigerian Ports Authority Apapa and Tin Can Island Ports

Abstract

This study examined the effect of port digitization on the logistics performance of maritime supply chains in Nigerian Ports Authority Apapa and Tin Can Island Ports. It specifically investigates how Digital Cargo Tracking Systems, Port Community System (PCS), and Port Automation Level affect logistics performance, measured by turnaround time, cargo clearance time, and cost efficiency. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, targeting 325 Port Authority officials, Customs officers, logistics managers, terminal operators, shipping line representatives, and ICT experts across Apapa and Tin Can Island Ports, from whom 228 completed responses were retrieved, yielding an 70.2% response rate. Purposive sampling was used to select respondents with relevant operational experience. Data were collected via Google Forms using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLSSEM) with Smart PLS 3 was used for data analysis. The study findings revealed that Digital Cargo Tracking Systems (0.368, p = 0.000) and Port Automation Level (0.442, p = 0.000) significantly affect logistics performance, while Port Community System (PCS) (0.178, p = 0.084) showed no significant direct effect. This study concluded that digital cargo tracking and port automation significantly affect logistics performance, while PCS showed no significant effect. Therefore, this study recommended that NPA and NCS expand GPS/RFID infrastructure, invest in full PCS interoperability and training, and accelerate AGV/ASCs deployment with public-private partnerships to reduce dwell times, enhance throughput, and improve cost efficiency in Apapa and Tin Can Island Ports.