Design and Development of Dual-Action Agricultural Weeder and Sprayer

Abstract

This study presents the design, development, and performance evaluation of a prototype dual-action agricultural machine that integrates weeding and spraying operations into a single mechanized system. The research aims to reduce labor requirements, minimize operational time, and enhance field efficiency in smallholder farming systems where manual operations remain predominant. The prototype was conceptualized, fabricated, and tested under field conditions to determine its mechanical performance, efficiency, and economic viability. Key performance indicators such as weeding efficiency, spray uniformity, field capacity, and field efficiency were analyzed using standard evaluation procedures. Results revealed that the dual-action machine achieved an average weeding efficiency of 76, a spraying uniformity of 85, and an effective field capacity of 0.12 h/hr with an overall field efficiency of 82. The coefficient of variation in spray distribution was within acceptable limits, confirming operational consistency and reliability. Compared to manual methods, the dual-action prototype demonstrated substantially higher weed removal efficiency and reduced labor requirements, enabling one operator to cover larger areas in less time and with greater uniformity. Mechanization also minimizes operational costs and chemical usage, improving soil health and promoting environmental sustainability through reduced chemical run-off and fuel consumption. The study demonstrates that integrating mechanical and chemical functions in a single unit not only reduces drudgery and operational costs but also promotes sustainable mechanization. This innovation has the potential to strengthen agricultural productivity, enhance resource use efficiency, and support the transition toward affordable and environmentally responsible farm technologies