Optimized Design Study of Black Pottery Forward and Reverse Knife Carving Tools

Abstract

The forward and reverse knife technique is the core method used in black pottery carving, yet traditional carving tools are mostly handcrafted by artisans using improvised materials, often resulting in poor ergonomics and low efficiency. To address these issues, this study develops an improved carving tool aimed at enhancing both comfort and productivity. A pressure-based reverse engineering experiment was conducted to analyze the distribution of hand pressure during carving, providing quantitative data for ergonomic optimization. Based on the operational requirements of the forward and reverse knife techniques and the habitual postures of artisans, the handle’s curvature and grip form were refined to better fit the natural contours of the hand. The optimized handle effectively distributes and alleviates pressure on the palm and fingers during prolonged use, minimizing fatigue and reducing the risk of hand strain. Overall, the improved tool design not only enhances carving efficiency and operational stability but also contributes to the sustainable protection of artisans’ hand health, offering a practical reference for ergonomic tool innovation in traditional handicrafts.