Mental Health Intervention Programs for At-Risk Youth: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This study explores the types of mental health intervention programs implemented for at-risk youth around different countries. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by PRISMA protocols, across 20 reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025, resilience focused, and community-based interventions demonstrated measurable improvements in youth emotional regulation and self-efficacy. The review discovered a wide range of intervention strategies employed internationally, with prominent approaches including cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), resilience-focused programs, community-based services, nature-based interventions, and digital or technology assisted modalities. A recurring emphasis was observed on cross-sectoral collaboration, cultural adaptability, and youth engagement. However, the findings also highlighted significant gaps, particularly in the representation of female youth, rural populations, and under-researched regions such as Southeast Asia. Methodologically, many studies lacked longitudinal design, standardized outcome measures, and youth-participatory frameworks. From a social work perspective, the review underscores the critical role of frontline practitioners in implementing context sensitive, community driven interventions. Qualitative insights and mixed-methods approaches were found to be underutilized, despite their value in capturing the realities and experiences of youth and the practical dynamics of service delivery. This review provides actionable insights for adapting global best practices to Malaysian youth contexts. By identifying global best practices and recognizing current research limitations, the study provides a knowledge base for policymakers, practitioners, and social work professionals to design more inclusive, culturally responsive, and evidence-based programs tailored to the needs of at-risk youth.