Development of the Physics Flight Quest (PFQ) Activity Packet Using PhET Simulation for Projectile Motion in Grade 9

Abstract

This study employed a research and development (R&D) design to develop and validate an inquiry-based Physics Flight Quest (PFQ) activity packet integrated with PhET simulations for teaching projectile motion in Grade 9. A needs assessment was conducted among in-service Science teachers to identify instructional challenges and common student misconceptions related to projectile motion. Guided by the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate), the activity packet was systematically designed and refined through iterative revisions. Validation was conducted by five in-service teachers and science education specialist who evaluated the content accuracy, instructional clarity, and pedagogical effectiveness of the material using an adapted instrument. Revisions were made based on their recommendations, emphasizing clearer instructions, contextual examples, and improved visual aids. Result indicated that the developed PFQ activity packet was highly valid across learning outcomes, instructional characteristics, and effects on learning, suggesting its readiness for classroom implementation. The study highlights the potential of inquiry-based instructional materials integrated with PhET simulations to support conceptual understanding and learner-centered physics instructions.