853 Articles
Mazlina Mahdzar, Mohd Adib Izzat Mohd Nor, Nor Asikin Shaharuddin, Siti Haidah Md Aziz, Umar Natuna, Wan Effa Jaapar
In Kampung Pengkalan Rama Pantai, Melaka, this study examines the effects of the GLOW 2025 (Growth, Learning, and Opportunities for World-Class Tourism) initiative as a game-changing model for sustainable urban tourism. The research uses a quantitative method using survey responses from 65 participants, including local community, university affiliates, and government stakeholders, and is based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Community-Based Tourism (CBT) paradigm. The results show a significant rise in social cohesion (72.7%), environmental awareness (97.1%), and entrepreneurial interest, especially in hospitality, craft, and culinary endeavors. These findings highlight the value of focused training, institutional support, and community involvement in creating sustainable tourist ecosystems. Despite being restricted to a single urban heritage site, the study provides insightful information that can be used to replicate CBT models in comparable settings. This study is unique since it focuses on an urban Malaysian context and offers a framework that is inclusive and scalable for community-driven tourism development that is in line with national sustainability objectives.
Haslinda binti Abdullah, Lili Liu, Zatul Himmah Adnan
Appearance anxiety has become a widespread sociocultural phenomenon among contemporary Chinese young women, yet the deeper developmental concerns that underlie this anxiety remain under‑examined. This study investigates what appearance anxiety is really about for Chinese female college students and how identity work may attenuate such anxiety. This study conducted semi‑structured one‑on‑one interviews with 14 Chinese female college students and analyzed transcripts using reflexive thematic analysis. Interviewees often equated others’ approval with self‑realization, and uncritical adherence to narrow beauty ideals intensified anxiety. They recognized that their excessive focus on appearance sometimes served as a refuge for feelings of worthlessness and idleness. Through ongoing self‑exploration, they gradually abandoned the pursuit of “perfection” defined by others, embraced authentic self‑presentation, and built confidence by developing “acquired abilities” beyond appearance. Body‑image journeys were experienced as developmental processes of self‑acceptance, self‑exploration, and self‑improvement—the underlying concern of “appearance anxiety” was frequently confusion about self‑identity rather than appearance per se. Psychological practitioners and youth workers should promote holistic capability development and cultivate multiple sources of self‑worth to help young people move from externally‑driven appearance concerns toward stable self‑identity.
Kadonsi Kaziya
This study examines how educational policy in Zambia enables—or constrains—the indigenization of mathematics pedagogy in Southern Province. Framed by culturally responsive and decolonial perspectives, we used a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design: a survey of 55 mathematics teachers followed by 15 in-depth interviews. Quantitative results indicate teachers view current policy support as moderate (M=3.2/5). One-sample t-tests showed significant deficits in culturally relevant resources (t=−2.72, p=.01) and significant positives for teacher confidence (t=2.76, p=.01) and student engagement when local knowledge is used (t=4.62, p<.001). A multiple regression (R²=.52) identified professional development (β=.35, p=.002), community collaboration (β=.28, p=.015), resource availability (β=.31, p=.007), administrative support (β=.24, p=.049), and teacher confidence (β=.36, p=.001) as significant predictors of perceived policy effectiveness. Qualitative themes corroborated these patterns, highlighting: (1) implementation challenges (training and materials gaps), (2) observable gains in engagement and conceptual understanding when local languages/contexts are used, (3) the necessity of community and traditional-leader co-design, and (4) uneven support from authorities alongside teacher-led innovation. Findings suggest Zambia’s 1996 National Education Policy and 2013 Revised Curriculum provide a normative basis for indigenized mathematics, but classroom translation hinges on clear implementation guidance, targeted CPD, and material provision. We recommend: explicit policy mandates for IKS and local-language integration in mathematics; funded, practice-based CPD; development and distribution of culturally grounded task banks; participatory curriculum governance with communities; and assessment adaptations that value cultural reasoning. Strengthening these levers can align equity aspirations with day-to-day teaching, improving mathematics outcomes while affirming cultural identity.
Kinyera Tony Apecu
This paper uses popular pressure to reform the Acholi cultural institution (Ker Kwaro Acholi-KKA), as an entry point to understanding the nature and life character of a political institution cloaked in a cultural garb. Tracing its emergence, growth and subsequent fragmentation into two parallel factions with multiple social constituencies, this paper argues that KKA was fundamentally an institution imagined by and propped up by state power using its financial, legal, violent and political machinery to mobilize underlying cultural sentiments within Acholi society clamoring to reinvent chiefly power. I argue that the state utilized two significant contexts to influence cultural agents in Acholiland. First, the state used the end of the LRA war as a context to construct a developmentalist NGO logic that used Acholi cultural brokers as the gatekeepers and custodians of economic and social change. Second, the state also utilized the wave of resurgent chiefly and kingdom restoration elsewhere in Uganda as a benchmarking precedence for Acholi society to copy the experience of others to entrench itself in society on the backdrop of society-state animosity in post-LRA northern Uganda. By propping up new cultural brokers to become political actors under the purview of state supervision, financial and violent protection, this paper shows that the state re-politicized cultural institutions and rolled back the nationalist project of the First Republic, which had, with minimal success, attempted to depoliticize customary authorities under the nationalistic pretentions of the first postcolonial regimes. The despotic turn of many actors in KKA was attributed to the benevolent legal and violent machinery of the state. By deploying the chiefly component of the customary authority as a point of political governance, the NRM regime continued in the bifurcated legacy of British colonial governance, in which the state attempts to successfully construct social subjection using its machinery of politics. The paper also explores the claims to hereditary or non-hereditary leadership dynamics within KKA while emphasizing that the character of leaders and the claims they made in their daily performance of roles and functions reflect the nature of their source of legitimacy. Actors propped up by state power have acted with minimal accountability to society due to the lack of social legitimacy, which has allowed resistance from within the very KKA structures and from the society below. Focusing on the resistance against KKA's controversial activities, legitimacy concerns, corruption, despotic and undemocratic practices, the paper emphasizes the precarious circumstances under which the contestation between political brinkmanship and cultural pretentions manifest and the consequences for state and society relations. Importantly, the mismatch between cultural rhetoric and practice accounts for what I consider as re-politicization of the cultural.
Daisy Rose C. Gucilatar, Erica B. Rosales, Janice R. Loquinario, Jomari B. Benavente, Louie R. Nava, Princess Jade P. Gucilatar, Ruth Kaye B. Ocrisma
In the modern world where history comes through screens it became accessible for all. The widespread of this kind of series became an open potential for introducing history in a modern way, both negatively and positively. In response to this the researchers initiated qualitative research, precisely the phenomenological approach. This study was conducted in one of the College School in Infanta Quezon, using a purposive sampling with a sample size of 12 students as participants. Collecting the data through semi-structured interviews exploring the impacts and implication of GMA television adaptation series, "Maria Clara at Ibarra". Understanding these perceptions is indeed crucial for assessing the series’ educational value and potential impact on historical literacy not only of the students but the general young Filipinos. This research aims to contribute to the continuous dialogue about the responsible representation of history in popular media and its influence on learning in able to contribute to the broader discourse on literary adaptations, cultural relevance, and the evolving nature of storytelling in contemporary society.
Dr. Merinda Afanui Sama
This paper sets out to examine the case of Salomon V.A. Salomon and Co. Ltd (1897). The case of Salomon V.A. Salomon and Co. Ltd (1897) UKHL1, Commonly referred to as the ‘‘Salomon’s case’’ is a landmark decision in Corporate law that established the principle of separate legal personality for companies. This doctrine has been widely regarded as a cornerstone of modern company law. However, there are claims that the Salomon’s case is a myth and a fiction. Suggesting that the doctrine established is flawed or misunderstood. In this essay, we critically examine these claims and demonstrate that the doctrine of separate legal personality is a valid and essential principle in the incorporation of companies.
Danilo Morais da Silva
This academic article analyzes the evolution of democracy, highlighting its expansion through digital technologies. Democracy is seen as a continuous process involving citizen participation, deliberation, and transparency, going beyond voting. Throughout history, different models of democracy (direct, representative, and participatory) have consolidated, especially after the French Revolution. In contemporary times, these models expand with the emergence of cyberdemocracy, which uses the internet and social media as tools for expression and social control. This new digital scenario favors greater interactivity between citizens and government, but also presents challenges such as digital exclusion, algorithmic manipulation, and disinformation. Digital communication becomes essential in the formation of citizenship and the political engagement of the population. The new public administration, in turn, is based on principles such as innovation, efficiency, and collaboration, promoting participatory practices with the support of technologies. A practical example, such as the "Prefs" page of the Municipal Government of Curitiba, demonstrates how digital tools can strengthen local democracy. To this end, it is essential to invest in the training of public servants, develop inclusive policies, and foster cooperation between the State and civil society, aiming for a more ethical, responsive, and democratic administration. This article analyzes the transparency portal of the Municipal Government of Porto Velho as a tool for accessing information, in addition to analyzing the participation of cybercitizens in keeping themselves updated on the social media of said Government, seeking active participation on these platforms.
Muhammad Saiful Anuar Yusoff, Siti Shazlin Razak, Suryani Awang, Wan Nuur Fazliza Wan Zakaria
Language errors in second language (L2) communication indicate that the learners are making progress in learning their target language. When these errors are committed, it is common for L2 speakers to make repairs on their utterances to ensure their intended messages are successfully delivered. While self-repair signals speakers’ positive attitude in L2 learning process, repairing own language errors can be challenging since this requires close monitoring of the target language use while applying the linguistic rules correctly. In order to gain insights on L2 speakers’ struggle in using the target language, the current study was set to examine the types of language errors incurred by 19 speakers of English as a second language (ESL) and whether they were successful in repairing such errors. In order to obtain real data, observations were made on the candidates’ interactions with eight panellists during academic staff recruitment interviews, focusing on language errors and repairs made by the candidates. Data analysis started by categorizing the types of language errors in candidates’ utterances before repairs on these errors were examined to see if the candidates were successful or otherwise in repairing their own errors; these were referred to as error-repair and back-to-error repair, respectively as termed by Kormos, Levelt and van Hest. The findings indicated that all 34 errors were related to language forms which could be further categorized into nine sub errors namely verb-form, word-form, prepositional, modal verb-usage, word choice, pronoun, syntactic, verb-tense and article errors. Among 15 successfully repaired errors, verb-form errors were the most frequent with six instances, followed by four prepositional errors and two word-choice errors while modal verb-usage, prepositional and pronoun errors occurred only once. As for unsuccessful or back-to error-repairs which occurred 19 times, syntactic errors were the most frequent, with six occurrences followed by verb-form and verb-tense errors, both with four occurrences. Other unsuccessful repairs involved prepositional error which occurred twice while article, word-choice and pronoun errors occurred only once. While the findings show L2 speakers’ poor control over syntactic and verb-form and verb-tense of English, they provide insights on the language features that require greater emphasis in English language teaching in Malaysia.
Abdul Halim Dahalan, Farah Shahnaz Feroz, Md Ashadi Md Johari, Mohd Fauzi Ab Rahman
This paper presents the detailed design and analysis of a compact and highly efficient flyback converter intended for a portable solar-powered LED lighting system. This case study originated as an essential assignment within a Power Electronics course, designed to solidify students' theoretical knowledge of isolated DC-to-DC converters, while simultaneously assessing their proficiency in technical report writing. The primary objective of the design is to convert a variable 24VDC solar input into a regulated 40VDC output at 40W, critically addressing the severe lack of electricity in rural and disaster-affected zones. The methodology focused on designing the flyback topology for Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), emphasizing the determination of the optimal transformer turns ratio (1:2.5), the selection of a 100kHz switching frequency, switching duty ratio (D) of 0.4, and precise component sizing to control voltage ripple. Simulation results, verified using PSIM software, confirmed excellent voltage regulation (achieving 39.7V) with a remarkably low peak-to-peak voltage ripple (only 0.5%, or 0.2V), alongside a simulated efficiency of approximately 94%. This study promotes a robust, sustainable, and easily maintainable power solution that directly contributes to energy access, sustainability, and electronic waste minimization in off-grid contexts.
Josyl T. Agustin, Rinante L. Genuba
Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study aimed to determine the best-fit model for students’ satisfaction influenced by teachers’ professional skills, students’ transactional distance, and readiness for online learning among private Senior High School (SHS) students. The study employed stratified random sampling to select 400 respondents from around SOCCSKSARGEN region, Philippines. Standardized test questionnaires were distributed to respondents to collect study data. Statistical tools were used for data analysis, including mean, standard deviation, Pearson product-moment correlation, linear regression, and SEM. Findings revealed that teachers’ professional skills were rated very high, students’ readiness for online learning was high, and students’ transactional distance was also high, indicating minimized transactional gaps and frequent interaction with other students, teachers, and the learning content. The overall level of students’ satisfaction was also high, showing positive online learning experiences. Additionally, results further showed that the three exogenous variables significantly influenced students’ satisfaction. Model 3 was identified as the best fit among the three generated models, with teachers’ professional skills identified as the strongest predictor of student satisfaction. The results also indicated that students’ satisfaction was best anchored in teachers’ professional skills, which were measured by learning environment, assessment, and organization of content; transactional distance was characterized by student-teacher transactional distance and student-content transactional distance; and readiness for online learning was characterized by communication and online student attributes. Finally, the study provides valuable insights aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 4, or Quality Education, in formulating well-informed policies and programs to further improve online education delivery.
Kan Ho Li, Suliadi Firdaus Bin Sufahani
Delivery route optimization is crucial for enhancing logistics efficiency and reducing operational costs in the e-commerce industry. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia led to a surge in online shopping as physical stores were closed. This study focuses on optimizing delivery routes between J&T hubs in Johor using three algorithms: Dynamic Programming (DP), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA). The objectives include employing these algorithms to determine optimal routes, considering both distance and time and comparing GA and SA against DP as a benchmark. Data from 18 delivery hubs were analyzed using Python, with distance and travel times from Google Maps. All three optimazation methods were successfully applied to determine the optimal delivery route. The results demonstrated that DP consistently provides optimal solutions and emerged as the most effective method. The ideal departure time for both weekdays and weekends was identified as 10 p.m., with 667 minutes for weekdays and 641 minutes for weekends, respectively.In the comparison between GA and SA, GA outperformed SA in 8 out of 9 cases. However, at 6 p.m. on a weekend, SA achieved a shorter duration of 720 minutes compared to GA’s 742 minutes. These findings suggest that GA could be effectively adopted by logistics companies to optimize operations, reduce delivery times and meet the growing demands of e-commerce. Future applications could involve integrating real-time traffic data to further refine route optimization in dynamic environments. Additionally, hybrid approaches combining the strengths of DP, GA and SA could be explored to address complex logistics challenges in various regions, contributing to optimized delivery systems for congested urban areas, faster deliveries, and reduced the environmental impact.
Ain Zulaiha Mohammad Zaini, Dzarith Sofea Erwan, Hanafi Haron, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Najwa Eleena Mohammed Tomdooley, Norafiqah Hairul Nizam, Nurulhuda Ahmad
In recent years, stress and anxiety have become an extensive and significant issue in the workplace, for employee well-being, culture in organisations, and society. As the pressures of the work environment improve with modern demands, effective activities to lessen and prevent stress is more critical than ever. This article will identify a broad range of actions, tools, and techniques to manage and lessen stress in the workplace such as individual coping styles, organization approaches, and technology. For the purposes of the article, specifically mindfulness, flexibility as a strategy, support in leadership, and digital wellness applications will be key discussion points within the article. The article will examine both at workplace, enablers, and coping strategies in order to provide organizations, and employees with practical ways to manage their own well-being and resilience, to help promote well-being and resilience, organisationally. Ultimately, the effective use of coping and prevention tools could potentially positively impact mental health outcomes, satisfaction, and reconciliation.
Hope Herbert Nkhoma, Mavuto Tembo
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) pose a serious threat to global health. Self-efficacy plays a significant role in managing NCDs. This study aimed to compare the levels of self-efficacy between men and women with NCDs in Lilongwe, Malawi. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 60 participants in Lilongwe. The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) was used to ascertain self-efficacy. Results showed striking differences in self-efficacy levels between males and females, with women scoring higher. Regression analysis revealed that gender, age, and educational level predicted self-efficacy. These findings highlight the importance of addressing gender disparities in self-efficacy to improve NCD management.
Aireen Aina Bahari, Haddi@Junaidi Kussin, Khazaila Zaini, Nur Aliaa Amirah Kasuahdi, Nurul Farehah Mohamad Uri, Puteri Zarina Megat Khalid
This comparative study explores the distinctive generic features between abstracts written by human authors and those generated by artificial intelligence tools through the genre analysis methods. Over-reliance on such external mechanisms and plagiarism are perennial issues that affect the global academia particularly in regards to the widespread dependence on artificial intelligence. The study compares ten research abstracts written by postgraduate master students specialising in English Language and Literature from a Malaysian public university to AI-generated abstracts produced using Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 3, also known as ChatGPT. The study looks into the frequency and quality of key elements or moves such as statements of objectives, methods, results, and contextualisation to determine their recurrence patterns. Findings indicate that human-inscribed abstracts reveal a more stable and thorough presentation, highlighting contextualisation and inclusive results, while AI-generated abstracts possess clarity in statements of objectives with minimal coverage on results and contextual details. The findings in this research thus recommend for the development of an innovative method of detecting AI-generated content written by students using the genre analysis approach. It also emphasises the necessity for specialised teacher training and rigorous evaluation criteria to preserve academic integrity and overcome the limitations of using AI in academic writing.
Akhdiat Abdul Malek, Erman Hamid, Gracy Wan, Nazrulazhar Bahaman, Norharyati Harum, Nurul Azma Zakaria
Home Network Management plays a critical role in maintaining and optimizing residential computer networks, which have grown increasingly complex due to the proliferation of connected devices. The effectiveness of these tools largely depends on user-friendly interfaces that enhance usability and support efficient network practices. However, many users lack the technical knowledge required to navigate these tools effectively, often resulting in suboptimal network performance. This study addresses usability challenges in home network management tools by adopting a mixed-method approach that integrates Content Analysis with the System Usability Scale (SUS) to provide a comprehensive evaluation of their functionality and user experience.
Siti Hajar M. Seperah
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of Romantic-era flute études, examining their technical, expressive, and pedagogical evolution in the context of 19th-century musical and instrument-making developments. Focusing on works by prominent composers---Theobald Boehm, Giuseppe Gariboldi, Ernesto Köhler, Joachim Andersen, and Paul Taffanel---this research investigates how these études reflect the intersection of instrumental innovation, virtuosic performance practice, and pedagogical methodology during the Romantic period. The primary objectives of this study are fourfold: (1) to analyze the technical evolution of flute études in response to the Boehm flute's mechanical advancements, particularly in terms of range, chromatic facility, and articulation demands; (2) to compare the expressive dichotomy between lyrical and virtuosic approaches in études by Gariboldi and Köhler, respectively; (3) to examine harmonic innovations in Boehm and Köhler's études, particularly their use of chromaticism, modulatory schemes, and extended harmonies; and (4) to evaluate the pedagogical legacy of these études through their incorporation into conservatory curricula and their enduring presence in modern flute education. Employing a systematic document-based methodology, this research combines primary source analysis of original scores and treatises with comparative musicological examination and historical contextualization. The study scrutinizes first editions of major étude collections alongside contemporaneous pedagogical writings, performance reviews, and institutional records. Analytical methods include structural and harmonic analysis of selected études, quantification of technical parameters (tessitura, articulation density, and harmonic complexity), and historical tracing of their adoption in European conservatories. Preliminary findings suggest three significant contributions: first, Boehm's études demonstrate a direct correlation between his mechanical innovations and new technical demands; second, the lyrical-virtuosic dichotomy in Gariboldi and Köhler reflects broader 19th-century aesthetic tensions between bel canto lyricism and Paganini-inspired virtuosity; and third, the pedagogical systematization by Taffanel and Andersen established enduring technical standards that continue to shape flute education. By situating these études within their historical and technological contexts, this study offers new insights into their dual role as both technical exercises and musical artworks. The research not only expands our understanding of 19th-century flute pedagogy but also provides performers with historically informed approaches to interpreting these works. Ultimately, this investigation underscores how Romantic flute études serve as critical documents of musical, technical, and cultural transformation in the long 19th century.
Abdul Malik, M, Mahmood R., Mohamad Jodi K. H, Zainudin E. F
Affective learning is a crucial yet often overlooked component of TESL teacher education, playing a significant role in shaping student-teachers’ emotional intelligence, ethical reasoning, and engagement strategies. This conceptual paper examines the importance of affective learning within teacher training programmes and identifies the challenges TESL student-teachers face in integrating affective domain strategies into their teaching practices. Drawing on Bloom’s Affective Taxonomy, Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) Theory, and Emotional Intelligence (EI) Theory, this paper highlights the gaps in training, assessment, and institutional support for affective learning within TESL curricula. Despite growing recognition of holistic education approaches, affective learning remains secondary to cognitive and psychomotor domains in many TESL programmes. Student-teachers often lack sufficient training in applying emotional and value-driven teaching strategies, leading to difficulties in engaging students meaningfully. Additionally, assessing affective learning outcomes remains complex due to the absence of standardised evaluation frameworks. Institutional constraints, such as rigid curricula and an overemphasis on academic performance, further hinder the effective implementation of affective teaching methodologies. This paper proposes strategies for improving affective learning integration, including curriculum reforms, enhanced professional development for student-teachers, and policy recommendations to institutionalise affective domain strategies in TESL education. By addressing these gaps, the study aims to contribute to the enhancement of TESL teacher education, ensuring that future educators are equipped with the emotional intelligence and pedagogical skills necessary to foster holistic student development.
Anita Jamil, Hanafiah Hasin, Muhammad Arif Hakimy Syamsul Kahar, Rahayu Mohd Sehat, Siti Fatimah Noor, Zaleha Mahat
The rapid expansion of financial technology (FinTech) across Southeast Asia is transforming how young consumers interact with financial services. Malaysia and Indonesia, as leading digital economies, present a unique context for examining how youth adopt FinTech platforms such as e-wallets, digital banking, Buy-Now-Pay-Later (BNPL), and investment applications. This conceptual paper develops a theoretical framework grounded in the Technology Adoption Model (TAM), extended with Trust, Perceived Risk, and Financial Literacy as a moderating construct. The framework proposes that Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Trust, and Perceived Risk influence students’ Behavioural Intention to adopt FinTech services, while Financial Literacy strengthens or weakens these relationships. By comparing two culturally and economically interconnected nations, the model provides a basis for understanding how differences in financial literacy and regulatory environments may shape FinTech adoption among students. The paper contributes theoretically by integrating financial literacy into TAM as a contextual moderator and practically by offering guidance for policymakers, educators, and FinTech providers to enhance financial literacy and responsible digital finance usage among youth. Future research directions are outlined to empirically validate the proposed framework through cross-national comparative analysis.
Fadhlur Rahim Azmi, Mohamad Daim Darson, Mohd Hasrul Yushairi Johari, Syafiq Affandi Mohd Nazri, Zamzuri Ahmad Nazari
Recreational fishing is a rapidly growing leisure and economic activity in Malaysia. While previous research has profiled coastal, pond, and general recreational anglers, stream fishing anglers—a group interacting directly with fragile freshwater ecosystems remain significantly understudied. This conceptual paper addresses this gap by proposing a multidimensional framework for profiling stream anglers in Malaysia. Synthesising insights from established theories such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Social Exchange Theory, the framework integrates four key dimensions: (1) socio-demographic profile, (2) motivational drivers, (3) economic engagement, and (4) conservation orientation. The paper advances testable propositions concerning the interrelationships between these dimensions and highlights critical implications for sustainable fisheries management. By providing a theoretically-grounded foundation, this framework is poised to guide future empirical studies and evidence-based policymaking that balances angler recreation with urgent conservation goals in Malaysia's vital stream ecosystems.
Amin Che Ahmat, Daing Maruak Sadek, Izatul Akmar Ismail, Mohd Adib Abd Muin, Noor Syahidah Mohamad Akhir, Norhasyikin Rozali
Zakat plays a vital role in Islamic social finance, serving as a mechanism for poverty alleviation and social welfare. However, its management continues to face challenges including inefficiency, limited transparency, and low stakeholder trust. Conventional approaches often hinder timely collection and equitable distribution, underscoring the need for innovative, Shariah-compliant technological solutions. This study develops a conceptual framework that examines the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption, data-driven decision-making (DDDM), and zakat management efficiency. Drawing upon General Systems Theory (GST), the framework positions DDDM as a mediating mechanism that translates AI-driven technological capabilities such as predictive analytics, real-time monitoring, and machine learning into evidence-based, ethical, and transparent decision-making processes. Using a narrative review of Scopus-indexed literature (2019– 2024), the study synthesizes theoretical and empirical insights to demonstrate that AI adoption enhances institutional efficiency primarily through the mediating role of DDDM, which strengthens accountability, fairness, and governance in zakat administration. The study contributes theoretically by extending systems theory into Islamic social finance and practically by providing policymakers and zakat institutions with a Shariah-aligned model for responsible AI integration that promotes transparency, trust, and socio-economic justice.
Khairunnisa’ Yussof., Norashikin Adam, Siti Musliha Mohd Idris.
Work-related stress remains a significant work-related health concern affecting employees’ psychological well-being and organizational productivity. Despite the growing attention to coping mechanisms, most prevailing studies have emphasized reactive responses to stress rather than proactive prevention. This conceptual paper suggests an integrative framework that combines the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to explain employees’ preventive behavior toward work stress. Grounded in these theories, the framework posits that perceived severity and perceived susceptibility key constructs of HBM serve as cognitive motivators of preventive actions. However, the conversion of these perceptions into actual behavior depends on coping self-efficacy, a central construct in SCT, which moderates the relationship between perceived threat and preventive behavior. This model highlights that individual who perceive work stress as serious and personally relevant, and who also believe in their ability to manage stressors, are more likely to engage in proactive coping strategies. The paper contributes theoretically by integrating motivational and efficacy-based perspectives to extend work stress prevention literature and methodologically by offering testable propositions for future empirical validation. Practically, it provides insights for organizations to design interventions that strengthen employees’ coping self-efficacy and promote prevention behavior as well as well-being cultures.
Ariff Idris, Massila Kamalrudin, Md. Shadman Zoha, Mohd Riduan Ahmad, Noorrezam Yusop, Nor Aiza Moketar, Suriati Akmal, Takeshi Morimoto
Flooding remains as the most frequent and destructive natural disaster impacting Malaysia which causing significant disruptions across social, economic and environmental systems. This study addresses the need to integrate physical risk assessment with public sentiment analysis to strengthen disaster management. Historical flood records from 1967 to 2023 were analyzed together with flood-related news articles, utilizing geographical risk mapping and transformer-based as well as keyword-driven sentiment analysis. The results identified Kelantan and Terengganu as the highest-risk states and revealed dominant emotions of fear and frustration in media coverage, with 74.5% of articles emphasizing rescue operations and only 11.8% focusing on recovery. These findings highlight critical gaps in long-term flood resilience communication and planning. By integrating data-driven flood risk assessment with sentiment insights, the study offers a more comprehensive understanding of flood impacts, supporting more targeted disaster preparedness, communication strategies and policy development in Malaysia.
Nziku Herbert Ignas, Prof. Musa O. Nyakora
This literature review synthesizes scholarly work on leadership evolution and cultural adaptation of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in East Africa, a region now constituting 44% of the global denominational membership. Employing a conceptual framework grounded in transformational leadership, contextual theology, and feminist ecclesiology, the review critically analyzes the transition for missionary-led governance to indigenous leadership models. It examines how the integration of local customs, language, and youth engagement has been pivotal to the church’s growth, while also creating tensions with doctrinal purity. A central finding is the persistent limitation of women’s leadership roles due to patriarchal norms and theological conservatism, despite advocacy and training initiatives. While these adaptive strategies have propelled growth, they also create tension with doctrine and underscore a significant gap between grassroots empowerment and formal policy. The review identifies literature limitations, including geographic bias and lack of longitudinal data. It concludes that the church’s future sustainability in East Africa hinges on developing more inclusive, contextually sensitive models that actively promote gender equity and deeper cultural integration, areas which also present key directions for future research.
Abdul Rahman Ahmad, Ahmad Zam Hariro Samsudin, Mohd Razilan Abdul Kadir, Tuan Safa’at Tuan Ameri
This preliminary study was carried out to empirically examine the possible factors of legal information needs and information seeking behaviour among lawyers. The main aim is to investigate the measures impacting their effectiveness of information seeking behaviour by employing Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). This user study opted a survey of 182 lawyers who work in Klang Valley area in Malaysia. Findings from EFA confirmed that five-factor solution can be used for further research as a measure of effectiveness of information seeking behavior of lawyers. The statistical adequacy of the EFA is supported by a good KMO (0.773 (2 =1959.88, p < 0.001).), Bartlett and acceptable internal consistency reliability of Cronbach alpha coefficients (all > 0.600). In addition, the total explained variance of the five components was 61.26% and with acceptable internal consistency reliability of Cronbach alpha coefficients (all > 0.600). The five components are significantly positive correlated with the effectiveness of information seeking behaviour. Thus, preliminary outcomes of this research suggested that effectiveness of information seeking behaviour of lawyers is significantly connected to the type of information needed, reasons for information seeking, sources in obtaining information, seeking strategies, and challenges in information seeking.
Ahmad Shakani Abdullah, Ang Hong Loong, Suddin Lada
The PRISMA 2020 guideline has been used within to categorize business model innovation and digital transformation in hospitality entrepreneurship. This is intended to increase the transparency of the methodology as well as identify important themes that influence the development of the industry. In alignment with PRISMA's four stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion, 355 records have been obtained from Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Following exclusion of duplicates and after applying the inclusion criteria, 30 studies were retained for the synthesis. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using a quality assessment checklist based on MMAT (2018) and CASP. The study design, focus, and themes were analyzed systematically in light of descriptive statistical analysis via visual summaries. Three major themes were identified, which oriented around digital transformation as a strategic necessity, regulatory changes in changing business environments, and platformization as customer experience disruption. Most reviewed studies were qualitative or mixed method and focused on issues of digital adoption and/or sustainability. This revealed that 12 studies were found to be high quality, 14 moderate and 4 low, with high quality studies being the strongest theoretically and empirically. Among the quantitative synthesis only 68% of studies reported that the outcomes for organizational or employee performance were positive, 22% were mixed, and 10% limited in nature because of the digital transformation. These results provide evidence of the value of using PRISMA to improve the rigor, replicability and transparency of systematic reviews in management research. The use of a quality appraisal tool also brings in some level of credibly and recognizes the importance of conducting evidence in a systematic manner. It presents a replicable methodology for future studies that aim at bringing methodological rigor while having more solid empirical foundations in the field of innovation and entrepreneurship.
Samsiah binti Mohd Jais, Siti Bidasari binti Yahya
Neurofeedback is a neuroscience-based intervention that trains individuals to consciously regulate brain activity and has gained increasing attention in global mental health care. However, its integration into counselor education in Malaysia remains very limited. This qualitative study aims to explore the experiences of Master’s students in Clinical Mental Health Counseling who participated in neurofeedback training. Guided by Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory and Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory, the study examines how students engage with the training process, their confidence and sense of self-efficacy in applying neurofeedback, and their perceptions of its relevance to future counseling practice. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with five participants and analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: (1) transformative learning experiences through hands-on neurofeedback training; (2) self-efficacy in understanding and applying the technique; and (3) perceptions of neurocounseling as a complement to talk therapy, particularly for clients with trauma or difficulty expressing emotions. While the training provided meaningful experiences, participants also reported challenges such as limited access to equipment and curriculum constraints. The findings indicate that experiential neurofeedback training fosters deep reflection, strengthens clinical confidence, and broadens students’ perspectives on integrative counseling approaches. This study highlights the need for curriculum reform, faculty development, and institutional support to bridge existing training gaps, offering a valuable foundation for advancing neuroscience-informed counselor education in Malaysia.
Nur Hafidzah Idris, Roszi Naszariah Nasni Naseri
Over-indebtedness is one of the biggest challenges in the modern world. While there is a growing global concern about consumer over-indebtedness, research remains limited and inconsistent in defining and measuring this condition. This review critically analyzes the various definitions and measurement approaches of over-indebtedness, identifying conceptual gaps and methodological limitations in objective, subjective, and administrative models. The paper concludes by advocating for a borrower-centric measurement framework, particularly the 'sacrifice-based' approach proposed by Schicks (2014), which offers a more holistic and accurate understanding of the over-indebtedness condition. The review highlights that adopting such frameworks will enable future researchers and policymakers to design more effective interventions and solutions to mitigate over-indebtedness challenges.
Che Ku Nuraini Che Ku Mohd, Farah Natasha Juhari, Fatin Aliah Yahya, Helmi Mohd Kasim, Mohd Syafiq Abd Aziz, Nurul Hajar Mohd Yussoff, Shafina Abd Karim Ishigaki
This paper explores the intersection between gamification and mathematics education, aiming to assess its effectiveness in enhancing mathematics skills. Given the pervasive influence of digital technology in education, gamification emerges as a promising method to captivate young learners in mathematical concepts within a lively and interactive learning environment. Nonetheless, specific research on applying gamification across primary mathematics education. The study conducts a review of existing literature on gamification techniques and their impact on mathematics education, emphasizing both the potential advantages and obstacles associated with integrating gaming elements. By examining various gamification strategies, including game-based learning, rewards systems, and interactive platforms, this study aims to provide insights into the effectiveness and impact of gamified approaches on mathematical proficiency, student engagement, and overall learning outcomes. Moreover, this paper also explores the role of technology, design elements, and psychological factors in shaping the gamified learning environment and influencing student attitudes and behaviors towards mathematics. Additionally, it investigates the roles of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in fostering engagement and positive learning outcomes among students. The research also explores the design of gamified learning experiences tailored to individual learning preferences, thereby promoting skill development in mathematics. By investigating the potential of gamification in education, this study contributes to ongoing discussions on innovative pedagogical approaches aimed at improving mathematics proficiency and nurturing a lifelong love for learning among students.
Comfort CLEMENT, Emeka Solomon FIDELIS, Maimunat Umar SALIHU, Moradeyo Adebanjo OTITOJU
This study reviews the Nigerian floating exchange rate regime and its effects on agricultural food prices. Nigeria’s adoption of a floating exchange rate regime in June 2023, shifting to a market-driven system, has significantly impacted agricultural food prices, driven by naira depreciation. This systematic review looks at how agricultural inputs affect the economy in Nigeria. Agriculture provides jobs for many and helps ensure food security. The review combines peer-reviewed articles and reports published between 2015 and 2022. It uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to understand price changes, market fluctuations, and their impacts on farmers and consumers. The review shows that when the currency loses value, it raises costs for imported inputs, contributing to a food inflation rate of 40.87% in June 2024. This situation reduces affordability since food represents 56.65% of household spending. This is the impact of the exchange rates; even lesser inflationary pressure than that produced by one rate is that of the parallel market rates. Exchange rates of a weak naira will serve the interest of commodity exportation like cocoa. This also assists in reducing profitability of small holder farmers due to the high cost of production. The Central Bank of Nigeria, for its part, has instituted the injections of cash into the foreign exchange to as much as 360 million dollars and introduced the Electronic Foreign Exchange Matching System. All of this is intended to eliminate volatility in the market. There are some issues which are not addressed by the current methodologies of data collection and organisational structure. The two general recommendations as provided in the review are with the intention of building production within the country as well as building infrastructure to restrict use of foreign inputs.
Madeleine Elna Perreau, Muhammad Fauzan Abu Bakar
In Malaysian higher education, outside academic programs such as innovation and design competitions are increasingly recognised as vital pathways for student development, professional readiness, and industry engagement. However, student participation in these initiatives remains inconsistent, prompting questions about what drives behavioural intention in this voluntary academic context. This study proposes and tests an extended UTAUT-based model, integrating constructs from educational psychology—namely Motivation and Self-Efficacy—to explore how cognitive, motivational, social, and structural factors influence students’ attitudes and intentions. Using data from 502 undergraduate students in public universities and analysed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), the results demonstrate that Self-Efficacy, Performance Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Conditions significantly predict Motivation, which in turn influences Attitude and Behavioural Intention. Attitude emerges as the most powerful predictor of intention, while Motivation acts as a mediating force connecting internal beliefs to evaluative judgments. Facilitating Conditions and Performance Expectancy also directly affect intention, underscoring the role of institutional support and perceived utility. The study offers a nuanced theoretical model and practical recommendations for universities aiming to increase engagement in extracurricular academic programs. By reframing Motivation as both an outcome and a strategic lever, the research contributes to a more holistic understanding of student participation behaviour.
Devendran A/L Ramachandran, Halizah Omar, Harieza Hussin, Nazri Muslim, Sa’adiah Kummin
This preliminary study aims to determine the level of exposure to English beyond the classroom among ESL learners. A total of 117 learners from various faculties at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) participated in this survey. The survey was designed to gather detailed insights into the learners' exposure to learning English outside of classroom hours, focusing on the four essential language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The survey collected demographic information and assessed learners' informal English activities. A series of questionnaires were used to collect data on the frequency, context, and intensity with which the learners used English. The results show that the learners gained exposure to all four language skills. Findings suggest consistent and varied exposure to informal English activities in different contexts is crucial for learners to reinforce and improve their language skills, resulting in enhanced language acquisition. By analysing responses to these questions, researchers can gain valuable insights into learners’ exposure to these informal English activities and their impact on language proficiency.
Armeen Iskandar bin Suhar, Intan Safinas binti Mohd Ariff Albakri, Noraini binti Zulkepli, Siti Shuhaida binti Shukor, Tan Hooi Syn
This study intends to investigate the effectiveness of Vocab Detectives, a pictorial vocabulary learning mission pack to enhance vocabulary learning among ESL learners. A quantitative research design was employed; with 30 form 3 ESL learners selected through purposive sampling. The data for this study were collected using vocabulary tests administered before and after the intervention, followed by a survey questionnaire collecting learners’ perceptions of the intervention in terms of explicit vocabulary lesson, personal experiences, and teacher’s instruction. Inferential statistics of the pre- and post-test scores obtained using t-test suggest that the learners improved by 28.67% in their average total score, from 61.67% in the pre-test to 90.33% in the post-test. The findings show that the intervention used in the study has the potential to improve ESL learners’ vocabulary acquisition. Similarly, a descriptive analysis of the learners’ perceptions of the intervention indicates an overall positive perception, with a high degree of agreement (M > 3.668) across all items in the survey questionnaire. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that Pictorial Vocab Learning Mission Pack is effective to help ESL learners’ vocabulary acquisition. The implication of this study is it extends the potential of applying the pictorial vocabulary approach to transform English language lessons into an excitement-filled, interactive and practical learning environment.
Mr. Aravind Krishna A S, Mr. Harnik Singh Purohit, Mr. Ramesh S, Ms. Priyadarshini S
Osteoporosis is a common condition affecting millions worldwide, with a higher prevalence among women, particularly perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, due to hormonal changes that accelerate bone loss. It increases the risk of fractures, especially in the hips, spine, and wrists, leading to chronic pain, disability, and loss of mobility. Early prevention and management are crucial to reduce its harmful effects. Interventional teaching programs play a crucial role in prevention of osteoporosis. Methods : This study employed a quantitative approach, pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design and non-probability convenient sampling technique. A total of 100 perimenopausal women were screened for perimenopausal symptoms. 72 women were experiencing more than 3 perimenopausal symptoms out of which 50 women were recruited from selected villages of Harohalli Taluk. Study subjects pre-interventional knowledge was assessed after which they received education about Osteoporosis and its prevention with the help of an information pamphlet, flash cards and charts. A week post-intervention, study subjects were subjected to answer the same OKAT to assess the knowledge post-intervention. Results: The study findings revealed that the mean value of knowledge of study subjects pre-intervention is 5.66 with standard deviation 2.016 and the mean value of knowledge post-intervention is 15.94 with standard deviation 1.683. This was a highly significant difference (p=0.0000). Moreover, there was no significant association between level of knowledge with their selected bio-socio demographic variables. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the Interventional Teaching Program was effective in significantly improving the knowledge of perimenopausal women about Osteoporosis and its prevention.
Norhayati Husin, Wan Najmiyyah Wan Md. Adnan
In the multifaceted reality of today's English language teaching (ELT) classrooms, a single curriculum is insufficient to meet the needs of all learners, making a flexible and responsive approach essential. Teachers face the challenge of addressing variations in students’ proficiency levels, learning preferences, and motivational backgrounds. Differentiated Instruction (DI) has emerged as a key pedagogical framework to support inclusion and learner engagement. However, research on DI in ELT remains fragmented, with limited synthesis of its implementation patterns, pedagogical outcomes, and contextual challenges. Accordingly, this review aims to consolidate recent research to identify trends, thematic patterns, and pedagogical implications of DI in ELT. Sixteen peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 and indexed in Scopus and Web of Science were analyzed using a thematic synthesis approach guided by the PRISMA framework, and relevance-based selection ensured analytical consistency. Findings confirm DI’s potential to enhance learner engagement, motivation, and autonomy. From the analysis, five major thematic clusters were identified, encompassing teachers’ beliefs, pedagogical implementation, effectiveness, professional readiness, and research trends. Despite its benefits, DI implementation remains inconsistent due to limited teacher preparation, time constraints, and contextual barriers. The review concludes that sustained institutional support, targeted professional development, and context-sensitive frameworks are essential to translating DI from theory into consistent classroom practice.
Dr (Mrs.) Commey Vida, Mr. Addai Nketia Jonathan, Ms. Abena Sekyere, Ms. Adu Boakye Mary
Malnutrition remains a persistent and multifaceted public health concern among the aged population globally. With the increasing proportion of older adults, the risks associated with malnutrition such as weakened immunity, muscle wasting, cognitive decline, and higher mortality rates pose serious challenges for healthcare systems. This systematic literature review critically examines empirical research from 2015 to 2025 to explore the health issues linked to malnutrition in the elderly and assess evidence-based interventions. The review utilized the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to screen studies from databases including PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed studies addressing individuals aged 60 and above, with outcomes related to physical health, psychological well-being, and healthcare utilization. Interventions evaluated include nutritional supplementation, community meal programs, multidisciplinary approaches, and caregiver education. Findings reveal that while biological factors such as dysphagia and chronic illnesses are leading contributors to malnutrition, social determinants like isolation and poverty significantly make the issue worse. Effective interventions often involve a combination of nutritional counselling, food security strategies, and tailored healthcare services. This review underscores the need for integrated, person-centered interventions and policy reforms that address both clinical and social dimensions of aging-related malnutrition. Future research should prioritize culturally sensitive and scalable strategies to improve nutritional health outcomes in older populations.
Debbie Grace Frederick Matt, Muhamad Fadzllah Zaini, Saripah Banseng
Textbooks are essential tools in the education system, serving not only to transmit knowledge but also to shape students’ identities, values, and worldviews. Recent research reveals that textbooks often contain ideological and cultural biases influencing learners’ perceptions of themselves and others. This paper presents a systematic review of 23 Scopus-indexed studies (2010–2025) on cultural representation in educational textbooks. Using the PRISMA 2020 framework, data were thematically analysed to identify representation patterns, impacts on identity, and research gaps concerning cultural inclusion. Findings indicate a persistent dominance of Western cultural perspectives, with symbolic portrayals of local and global cultures, and notable gender bias reinforcing patriarchal norms. The review highlights the need for culturally just, inclusive, and empathetic textbook design. The outcomes contribute to a conceptual framework for advancing equitable cultural representation and guiding future educational research toward a more inclusive global curriculum.
Choong Weng Wai, Fitriyah Razali, Oti Amankwah, Rubiah Md Zan
Purpose - This paper provides access to the study in measuring the quality of healthcare services, specifically in healthcare Facilities Management (FM). This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the service dimensions that influence the measurement of healthcare quality services. Methodology/approach - The methodology of this research is qualitative research with the systematic analysis of literature review using PRISMA Guidelines which was gathered from several research journals from Web of Science (WOS) and SCOPUS database. Findings – Data were gathered through electronic database, N=27,600 with specific criteria from 2017 to 2025 research timelines. As a result, 60 peer reviewed papers relevant to the aim and objectives of the research were utilised. The research findings indicate that original SERVQUAL dimensions: reliability, assurance, tangible, empathy, and responsiveness (RATER) are still relevant. Until today, SERVQUAL Model with RATER dimensions are used to measure customer satisfaction in many sectors including healthcare. By measuring services quality, the gap that is identified would be addressed and improved. This is important to demonstrate best practice in healthcare quality.
Kamariah Hussein, Nooraini Jamal, Nor Aslina Abd Jalil, Siti Maisarah Amdan, Zuraida Jorkasi
Motion capture (MoCap) technologies have become increasingly central to ergonomic risk assessment, particularly in industrial contexts where traditional observational methods may suffer from subjectivity and limited sampling. This systematic review, structured according to the PRISMA 2020 guideline, synthesises evidence from optical marker-based systems, inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, and markerless computer-vision systems applied to ergonomic assessment tools such as Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), Ergonomic Assessment Worksheet (EAWS), Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS), and Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA). Searches were conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and IEEE Xplore from 2010 to 2025. Findings show that marker-based MoCap remains the accuracy reference, IMU-based systems offer portability and workplace feasibility, and marker less systems are emerging as the most scalable solution but remain sensitive to occlusion, clothing and environmental variability. Despite rapid technological progress, evidence is fragmented, with limited longitudinal studies linking MoCap-derived exposure metrics to musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs) outcomes. The review highlights methodological gaps, proposes directions for future research, and discusses implications for integration into occupational safety and health (OSH) management systems.
Azrin Ali, Fazlena Hamzah, Haswira Nor Mohamad Hashim, Muhamad Helmi Muhammad Khair, Norsyazrah Zulkifli, Zadariana Jamil @ Osman
Malaysia’s aspiration to become an innovation-driven economy is hindered by fragmented RDICE (Research, Development, Innovation, Commercialisation and Economy) efforts, low commercialisation rates, and weak policy coordination. While previous research has examined theory-based RDICE ecosystem models in advanced economies such as South Korea, Finland, Germany, and Singapore, limited attention has been given to how emerging economies like Malaysia can contextualise these approaches amid institutional fragmentation and resource constraints. This gap underscores the need for an integrated, theory-informed RDICE framework tailored to national conditions. This study aims to analyse the theoretical foundations of RDICE, review global best practices, and conceptualise a RDICE eocsystem framework for Malaysia. Using a qualitative, library-based method, secondary data were analysed through textual and content analysis. Findings indicate that an effective RDICE ecosystem should be anchored in five complementary theories—National Innovation System, Mission-Oriented Innovation, Knowledge-Based Economy, Innovation Value Chain, and Integrated Governance. The proposed framework integrates inputs, actors, processes, outputs, and outcomes into three structural domains, and is expected to enhance policy coherence, strengthen industry–academia collaboration, accelerate commercialisation, and support Malaysia’s transition toward sustainable, knowledge-based economic growth.
Ahmed kakah Waes Rashid
Gillian Flynn’s 2006 novel, Sharp Objects, is a psychological thriller that examines trauma, self-harm, and abuse across generations through the lens of the protagonist, Camille Preaker. The author exposes Camille’s conflicts with self-harm, abuse perpetuated by mothers, and unresolved childhood trauma through flashbacks, revealing the deep-rooted scars of a women’s lifetime struggle. This analysis draws upon trauma theory, as posited by Cathy Caruth and psychoanalytic approaches of Sigmund Freud, regarding the psychological effects of such experiences. Using trauma theory and feminist analysis, Sharp Objects is a critique of the social structures which facilitate the violence and suffering women endure and the silence which envelops them. In this case study, we focus on how Flynn constructs narrative fragmentation alongside psychological characterization to illustrate the impact of trauma spanning multiple generations, accentuating the call for societal recognition and action. The analysis also emphasizes Flynn’s depiction of self-injury and maternal aggression in the context of gender, mental health, and emotional abuse, drawing attention to the discourse on the impact of trauma and the rights of women.
Carolyn Elizabeth Kudozia, Daniel Owusu-Donkor, Nii Ayitey Komey, Roland Yaw Kudozia
This study examines the association between knowledge acquisition intensity and organizational productivity among service firms in Accra, Ghana, within the frameworks of the knowledge-based view and absorptive capacity theory. Using survey data from telecommunications, banking, ICT, and logistics firms, the analysis explores three hypotheses: that (H1) knowledge acquisition intensity is positively associated with productivity; (H2) the effects differ across acquisition sources—regulatory directives, customer feedback, competitor monitoring, and experiential learning; and (H3) firm characteristics such as size and tenure moderate this relationship. Descriptive and inferential analyses, including Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Spearman’s correlations, and multiple-regression and moderation models, reveal statistically significant associations between acquisition intensity and higher productivity across six performance indicators (p < .001). Regression results further indicate that regulatory and experiential sources exert the strongest influence, while moderation analysis confirms that larger and older firms experience amplified productivity benefits. The study acknowledges limitations related to cross-sectional design, recall bias, and common method variance, mitigated through procedural and statistical controls. Overall, the findings extend the knowledge-based view by demonstrating that in a regulatory-intensive African context, compliance-driven knowledge acquisition is strongly associated with organizational productivity, conditioned by firm capacity and maturity. Implications are drawn for managers and policymakers on diversifying knowledge sources and transforming regulatory learning into innovation and performance outcomes.
Carolyn Elizabeth Kudozia, Roland Yaw Kudozia
This study examines the association between knowledge acquisition intensity and organizational productivity among service firms in Accra, Ghana, within the frameworks of the knowledge-based view and absorptive capacity theory. Using survey data from telecommunications, banking, ICT, and logistics firms, the analysis explores three hypotheses: that (H1) knowledge acquisition intensity is positively associated with productivity; (H2) the effects differ across acquisition sources—regulatory directives, customer feedback, competitor monitoring, and experiential learning; and (H3) firm characteristics such as size and tenure moderate this relationship. Descriptive and inferential analyses, including Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Spearman’s correlations, and multiple-regression and moderation models, reveal statistically significant associations between acquisition intensity and higher productivity across six performance indicators (p < .001). Regression results further indicate that regulatory and experiential sources exert the strongest influence, while moderation analysis confirms that larger and older firms experience amplified productivity benefits. The study acknowledges limitations related to cross-sectional design, recall bias, and common method variance, mitigated through procedural and statistical controls. Overall, the findings extend the knowledge-based view by demonstrating that in a regulatory-intensive African context, compliance-driven knowledge acquisition is strongly associated with organizational productivity, conditioned by firm capacity and maturity. Implications are drawn for managers and policymakers on diversifying knowledge sources and transforming regulatory learning into innovation and performance outcomes..
Bacoto, Shameiah Grace P., Bryan Dino Lester M. Garnica, Daga, Jay Ann P., Gares, Maria Jean M., Moro, Maria Rosario B., Valle, Juliet B.
The production of crackers, popular snack foods characterized by their crisp texture, appealing appearance, and versatile flavoring, is constantly evolving. The food industry is increasingly focused on enhancing both the nutritional content and sustainability of its products (Singh & Sharma, 2020). This trend includes the exploration of locally sourced and sustainable ingredients to improve the nutritional value of snack foods while minimizing environmental impact. Shellfish by-products, rich in minerals like calcium, are gaining attention as a potential source for fortifying food products, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional methods (Chen & Li, 2021). Green mussel shells (Perna viridis), in particular, offer a valuable resource due to their high calcium carbonate content and potential for improving bone health. The incorporation of shell waste into cracker production not only boosts nutrition but also promotes environmentally responsible food processing (Yamamoto et al., 2022).
Amni Syazana Nor Hisham, Asniyani Nur Haidar Abdullah, Ikmal Faiq Albakri Mustafa Albakri, Low Wei Shang, Mohamad Lutfi Dolhalit, Mohd Hafiz Zakaria, Mohd Khalid Mokhtar, Muhammad Aliff Muhd Farid Arfian
The acceptance of metaverse technology in the field of teaching and learning (T&L) among educators and students is a relatively new and emerging area of study. While Metaverse has the potential to enhance educational experiences, its adoption and implementation in educational environments remain limited. This study aims to investigate the acceptance of metaverse in T&L and identify the factors that influence educators' willingness to use it. This study employs a quantitative research approach and utilizes a survey questionnaire that consists of Likert-scale questions, open-ended questions, and items based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The survey will be administered to students who have used the Mitoworld platform to create metaverse worlds in virtual reality classes. The study found that educators and students have a positive attitude towards the use of metaverse in T&L. Perceived usefulness, ease of use, and compatibility are expected to be significant factors that influence educators' and students' acceptance of the metaverse. The study also reveals that educators who have prior experience in using virtual worlds are more likely to accept and use metaverse in their teaching practice. The findings of this study will have practical implications for educators and students who are interested in promoting the use of metaverse in teaching and learning.
Hairul Suhaimi Nahar, Hisham Yaacob, Maslinawati Mohamad
This paper argues for the urgent need to address the intersection of climate change and accounting, particularly concerning earnings management. The key objectives of the study are (1) identifying existing gaps and challenges, (2) proposing future research directions, and (3) clarifying the significant implications of climate change for financial reporting. This research makes a vital contribution to the academic literature by providing a historical review that reveals a notable oversight regarding climate change risks in earnings management studies. It offers a thorough discussion of various perspectives on measuring and disclosing climate change information, as well as the complexities involved in identifying and quantifying these risks. The time to act is now; this study serves as a call to action for scholars and practitioners to prioritize this crucial issue. Furthermore, the paper identifies additional avenues for investigation, including the influence of climate-related risks on financial performance metrics, the role of corporate governance in managing carbon-sensitive earnings, and the regulatory landscape pertaining to environmental risk reporting practices. It also examines several research challenges, such as the absence of standardized frameworks for measuring and reporting climate-related risks, the complexities involved in forecasting future risks, and potential conflicts of interest among stakeholders. By addressing these constraints, this study seeks to establish a framework for researchers investigating the influence of climate change risk on earnings management. The findings aim to facilitate informed decision-making and encourage environmentally responsible practices within sustainable business, thereby contributing to the mitigation of additional environmental threats.
Nur Farahiyah Mohd Nasir, Nur Khalidah Dahlan, Rizal Rahman, Suhaizad Saifuddin
Active listening is widely recognised as a core competency in mediation, yet its procedural, psychological and socio-cultural significance in community mediation remains under-examined. This article argues that active listening forms the foundation of mediator neutrality, party trust and the perceived fairness of the mediation process, thereby determining whether mediated settlements endure. Grounded in the principles of natural justice, where audi alteram partem requires that parties not only speak but be genuinely heard, and nemo iudex in causa sua demands the appearance of neutrality, the article demonstrates that listening operates as a behavioural expression of fairness within a non-adjudicative framework. Drawing on historical and anthropological traditions in Asia, including Malay muafakat, Japanese conciliation norms and the consensus-based practices of indigenous Malaysian communities, the analysis illustrates that attentive listening has long been associated with moral authority and the preservation of social harmony. Through engagement with leading mediation scholarship, the article contrasts the limitations of passive listening with the transformative effects of active listening, which facilitates emotional ventilation, improves cognitive clarity, mitigates attribution bias and supports mutual understanding. In multicultural settings such as Malaysia, active listening must also be culturally adaptive to avoid misinterpretation of silence, eye contact or gesture. The study further clarifies its conceptual and methodological scope, positioning active listening as both an ethical and behavioural foundation for legitimacy in community mediation, and identifies future pathways for empirical validation across diverse cultural contexts. By integrating doctrinal reasoning, psychological insight and cultural context, this article concludes that active listening is not an optional technique but the ethical and structural foundation of community mediation, essential for achieving legitimacy, maintaining neutrality and producing durable, voluntary agreements.
Julaily Aida binti Jusoh, Mai Nurul Ashikin binti Taib, Mohamad Sabri bin Haron, Normadiah binti Daud, Syarilla Iryani binti Ahmad Saany, Zurita binti Mohd Yusoff
Breastfeeding has frequently been discussed from both Islamic and health science perspectives. Breast milk has been proven to be the best nourishment for infants, a divine gift from Allah s.w.t. to mothers. Within Malay society, breastfeeding has long been a cultural practice among women, who not only observe it themselves but also encourage their daughters to continue the same tradition. Advice and guidance are typically transmitted orally from mothers to daughters. This article aims to examine the breastfeeding guidelines and related fiqh rulings as presented by the author of Kitab Adab Perempuan. Data were collected using document analysis based on the text of Kitab Adab Perempuan and subsequently analysed through content analysis. The findings reveal that breastfeeding guidelines have been systematically documented over time to help women refer to and comprehend essential aspects of breastfeeding. The Kitab Adab Perempuan, authored by Imam Ahmad b. Ya’qub al-Johori, was once used as a syllabus for female students at Malay Religious Schools in Johor and several other states. However, scholarly research and academic discussions on this work remain scarce, signifying the need for more comprehensive studies.
Jane F.A Rarieya, Mary A. Oluga, Nicholas Wachira, Nyagwegwe C. Wango
Adopting new teaching and learning methods to improve learning outcomes is a critical concern in contemporary education. In line with this, the Makerspace movement, accompanied by Design Thinking, is being ingrained into teacher education as a strategy to enhance the performance of teacher educators and the quality of pre-service teachers. Borrowing from constructivism theory, Makerspaces provide opportunities for tutors, student teachers, and school learners to develop artifacts that aid and demonstrate their learning. This paper examines how Makerspace materials might be incorporated into teacher education and school classrooms, emphasizing strategies, empirical findings, and actionable recommendations derived from a study across four East African teacher preparation institutions. Findings from the concurrent mixed methods approach show that Makerspaces foster a culture of experimentation, iteration, and continuous learning, encouraging innovation, empowering teachers, and promoting the development of inclusive and genderresponsive resources. The study concludes that the initiative marks a revolutionary turn in education, aligning with global trends for inclusive and creative learning while offering a highly scalable pedagogical model for resource-constrained contexts. The report recommends sustained continuous professional development and the integration of competency-based assessment strategies to ensure long-term sustainability.
Gurprit Singh A/L Sarjit Singh, Luqman Firdaus Ahmad Fazly, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Muhammad Atif Asyraf Anwaar Lukman, Nadia Maisarah Muhammad Sahir, Nur Hadirah Othman
Burnout is a major challenge in work places around the world that has serious consequences both to the well being of employees and organisational productivity. This article will provide a comparative study of employment laws in New Zealand and India and how their laws tackle the issue of burn out with the objective of assessing the efficiency of the current legal frameworks in dealing with burnout and recommend how legal protections that are already enacted may be enhanced. The study comprises a blend of legal analysis, case studies and policy review in order to examine legal frameworks in the two countries. Through analyzing relevant legislation and case law, the study discovers the strength and the weakness of the existing legal responses to burn out. The study also investigates the role of employers and the government in ensuring burnout is addressed across preventive measures, workplace wellness programmes and support systems. The findings show that while New Zealand had shown substantial improvement in acknowledging the significance of mental health at the workplace, India’s legal framework is still in the early phases to address these challenges. The study found that although there is some improvement, the two countries are still struggling in effectively addressing burnout using their current and existing employment law. In New Zealand, the existing policies are not always enforced as rigorously as they should be, in India, the lack of comprehensive mental health provisions in labour law is a significant hindrance. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations on legal reforms such as inclusion of burn-out specific clauses in employment contracts, compulsory wellness programmes for employees, and improved enforcement systems. The research contends that the multifaceted nature of burnout will require comprehensive legal reforms to enhance employee well-being. It highlights the need to adapt the employment legislation to the changing needs of the modern working environments to guarantee better protection and improved mental health outcomes among employees.
Mabia Momen, Tanusri Aich
An aid refers to a tool, device, or object essential for carrying out a task. A teaching aid is specifically used for instructional purposes in the classroom. This study sought to identify and examine the particular challenges teachers face when using teaching aids in the classroom. A qualitative design and interview method were used to address the research questions. Data were gathered from ten purposively selected schools and a simple random sample of twenty teachers from those schools from Dhaka and Satkhira. In-depth, one-on-one interviews with primary teachers served as the primary data collection tool, and thematic analysis was employed. Ten themes emerged from the analysis. The findings indicate that, despite teachers’ motivation to use teaching aids, they encounter multiple challenges. These challenges were grouped into two categories. Internal classroom challenges include teachers' reluctance, large class size, inadequate time management, limited ICT skills, heavy workload, and lack of lesson preparation. External challenges encompass poor storage systems, insufficient provision of suitable teaching aids, weak supervision and monitoring, inadequate school facilities and resources, and government policy. The study recommends strategies such as fostering a professional mindset, investing in teacher training, revising government policy on teaching aids, improving teacher recruitment, and enhancing supervision and monitoring.
Chrysantus A. Yuorkuu, Ezekiel Adu Mensah, Michaelina Firmin Ansah
This study examines the adoption of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) and the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing the performance of small-scale enterprises (SSEs) in Cape Coast Central Region, Ghana. Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey, data were collected from 204 SSEs through structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, one-sample t-tests, and multiple regression models were employed for analysis. Results showed that 42.5% of SSEs had adopted computerized AIS, surpassing manual methods (35%). One-sample t-tests revealed that cost, availability of skills, management support, and ICT infrastructure were significant determinants of AIS adoption (p < 0.001). Regression analysis indicated that skills availability was the strongest positive predictor, while cost exerted a negative effect, explaining 52% of the variance in adoption. Regarding performance, AIS adoption significantly improved decision-making, sales growth, profitability, and operational efficiency (p < 0.001). AI perceptions further explained 48% of performance variance, with cost reduction, accuracy, task simplification, and wider adoption all emerging as significant predictors. The findings highlight the dual importance of AIS and AI in boosting SSE competitiveness, while challenges such as high implementation costs and lack of technical skills remain. The study contributes empirical evidence to the digitalization of SSEs in developing economies and offers policy insights for promoting inclusive technology adoption.
Edry Rusyaidi Edmy, Hannah Sofiya Mohd Zulhelmee, Hazmilya Izzati Badrul Hisham, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Nur Diana Adilla Razak, Nur Fakhira Khairul Anuar, Nurulhuda Ahmad
Greenhouse gases emission has been a threat to the world for decades and has evidently contributed to the rising level of atmospheric carbon dioxide and consequent climate change. There will not be a stop to climate change unless the atmospheric concentrations of the major greenhouse gases are stabilized whereby carbon dioxide emissions are the major factor. Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass energy has immense potential to combat climate change as a sustainable energy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass energy through palm oil usage to combat climate change and achieve the Sustainable Goals Development (SDG) Goals 7 and 13 as set by the United Nations (UN). This paper provides a critical analysis of the regulatory framework on the utilization of Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass energy in Malaysia to determine the insufficiency of such a framework to govern biomass-related issues by referring to laws and regulations in Brazil, Thailand and Ethiopia.
Abdullah Kula Ismail, Suhaiza Hanim Suroya, Suzani Azmin
Visual accessibility in packaging design remains a pressing global challenge, with over 2.2 billion people living with some form of visual impairment and many facing exclusion from independent product use and consumer decision-making. In Malaysia, national surveys indicate high prevalence of visual impairment among older adults, highlighting the urgent need for inclusive design strategies that integrate tactile, visual, and digital cues. This study aims to advance understanding of how universal design can be applied through inclusive packaging and graphic design practices to enhance accessibility for visually impaired users. Guided by Universal Design Theory, the Social Model of Disability, and Multisensory Design Theory, this conceptual paper synthesizes recent literature on tactile packaging features, high contrast visual elements, and smart packaging technologies. The methodology involves a critical review of peer-reviewed studies, supported by a conceptual framework that illustrates the relationships between design strategies, user comprehension, usability, and social inclusion. Findings from the literature indicate that while tactile and digital features significantly improve accessibility, their integration in commercial practice remains limited due to cost, manufacturing constraints, and lack of policy enforcement. The paper contributes theoretically by positioning inclusive packaging within multiple design and disability frameworks, and practically by offering strategies for designers, industry, and policymakers. Implications suggest that inclusive packaging should be mainstreamed as a design responsibility rather than a niche adaptation, with future research directed toward empirical validation, cross-cultural analysis, and long-term industry adoption.
Badejo, Ayodeji Olawunmi, Olowe, Nihinlola Eunice
Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) is an established intervention for trauma recovery, yet limited research has examined its moderating factors in low-resource and culturally diverse contexts. This study investigated the moderating effects of age and social support on the effectiveness of TF-CBT among traumatised female adolescent sexual abuse survivors residing in shelters in Lagos State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design with a 3 × 2 × 3 factorial matrix was employed. Fifty participants, aged 10–17 years, were purposively selected and assigned to TF-CBT and control conditions. The Adolescent Trauma Symptom Scale for Survivors of Sexual Abuse (ATSS-SSA; α = .70) and the Social Support Questionnaire–Short Form (SSQ6; α = .90) were used for data collection. Data were analysed using ANCOVA at a 0.05 significance level. Results indicated a significant main effect of treatment, F(2, 46) = 62.48, p < .001, partial η² = .731, demonstrating that TF-CBT substantially reduced trauma symptoms compared to the control group. However, neither age group (10–13 vs. 14–17 years) nor level of social support (low, moderate, high) significantly moderated treatment outcomes (all p > .05). These findings suggest that TF-CBT is broadly effective across adolescent developmental stages and social contexts, underscoring its adaptability and potential scalability within Nigerian shelter settings. The study contributes to the limited African evidence base on trauma interventions, offering practical implications for counsellors, NGOs, and policymakers committed to adolescent trauma recovery.
Jemima N. A. A. Lomotey
Emotional maturity is a central determinant of relationship quality, influencing how partners communicate, manage conflict, and maintain satisfaction over time. Age differences between partners are often believed to shape emotional development and relational stability; however, research findings remain mixed regarding whether such differences enhance or diminish relational outcomes. This study examines how age gaps between partners influence emotional maturity, conflict resolution styles, and overall relationship satisfaction. A mixed-methods design was employed to integrate both quantitative and qualitative insights. Quantitative data were collected from 260 married individuals representing varied age-gap categories (0–5 years, 6–10 years, and above 10 years), while qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 couples to explore lived experiences. Regression and thematic analyses revealed that moderate age gaps (6–10 years) were associated with higher emotional maturity, better conflict resolution, and greater satisfaction compared to both small and large disparities. Key factors influencing these outcomes included empathy, communication, respect, and adaptability. The study concludes that while emotional maturity tends to increase with age and experience, relationship success depends more on interpersonal skills and shared understanding than chronological difference. The findings underscore the need for emotional intelligence training and premarital counseling that emphasize empathy, respect, and collaborative problem-solving.
Joy Mae S. Laciste
This study evaluated the determinants of tourist satisfaction within the burgeoning agritourism sector of Southern Leyte, Philippines. The research specifically measured satisfaction levels across four critical domains: the quality of agritourism activities, the reasonableness of pricing, location and accessibility, and the sufficiency of facilities and amenities. Furthermore, it examined the relationship between tourist demographic profiles and satisfaction levels to inform a data-driven strategic action plan for sustainable development. Utilizing a descriptivecorrelational research design, data were gathered from 100 tourists and local visitors via a structured questionnaire employing a 4-point Likert scale. The findings demonstrated a high level of overall satisfaction (Mean = 3.65). Interactive agritourism activities, such as hands-on farming and fish feeding, alongside the destinations' accessible and non-congested nature, received the most favorable ratings. Facilities, including clean wash areas and well-maintained layouts, were also praised, while pricing was consistently viewed as reasonable and transparent, contributing positively to the perceived value. A pivotal discovery, confirmed through Chisquare analysis, was the absence of a significant relationship between satisfaction and demographic variables such as age, gender, civil status, and educational attainment. This suggests that the intrinsic quality of the agritourism experience is a universal satisfier, consistent with contemporary studies which posit that service quality and experiential authenticity often outweigh demographic influences in niche tourism (Aslam et al., 2022). The study concludes that the competitiveness of Southern Leyte's agritourism is fundamentally tied to maintaining high standards in tangible service attributes and delivering consistent value. These findings resonate with the principles of the SERVQUAL model and Perceived Value Theory, emphasizing reliability and customerdefined worth (Kumar & Anand, 2021). Consequently, a strategic action plan is proposed, urging local operators and policymakers to prioritize continuous infrastructure upgrades, experiential activity diversification, and comprehensive staff training to ensure the sector's long-term viability and appeal.
Allenton D. Allen Jr., Kadijah Diallo
Agriculture serves as a fundamental pillar of Liberia's economy, yet the sector faces numerous challenges that hinder its potential for growth and development. Many of these constraints are, post-conflict reconstruction needs, inadequate infrastructure, limited access to improved seeds and fertilizers, land tenure insecurity, insufficient extension services, vulnerability to climate change, poor market access, deforestation and environmental degradation, lack of mechanization, inadequate credit facilities, pest and disease outbreaks, and limited post-harvest storage facilities are shared across post-conflict and fragile states in Sub-Saharan Africa. This review examines Liberia as a case study illustrating how context-specific solutions can address common agricultural development challenges in similar settings. By analyzing Liberia's experience, this paper offers insights transferable to other low-income, post-conflict agrarian economies while proposing evidence-based interventions adapted to local conditions. The analysis draws on agricultural transformation theory and sustainable livelihoods framework to understand how asset constraints, institutional factors, and policy environments shape agricultural outcomes in post-conflict settings.
Fairus Muhammad Darus, Nik Azlin Nik Ariffin, Norina Ahmad Jamil
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of higher education globally, and Malaysia is actively embracing this technological shift. This report provides a comprehensive, academically referenced analysis of AI applications within Malaysian higher education institutions (HEIs), exploring their multifaceted benefits, the significant challenges encountered during adoption, and the key factors influencing their integration. The analysis reveals that AI offers substantial opportunities for enhancing personalized learning experiences, streamlining administrative processes, revolutionizing assessment methodologies, supporting research, and promoting greater accessibility and inclusion. However, its transformative potential is tempered by critical concerns, including ethical dilemmas, risks to academic integrity, data privacy vulnerabilities, the potential for over-reliance on technology, and existing limitations in skills, infrastructure, and funding. The integration of AI in Malaysian higher education is not merely an organic technological evolution but a deliberate, government-backed national imperative, deeply intertwined with Malaysia's broader economic and industrial aspirations, particularly its Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) agenda. While AI holds the promise of democratizing learning, its actual impact on educational equity is heavily dependent on addressing fundamental infrastructure and access disparities. Furthermore, a central challenge lies in the paradox of AI's efficiency, where the very tools designed to enhance learning might inadvertently impair the development of critical thinking and independent learning skills if not integrated thoughtfully. Addressing these interconnected challenges requires a holistic, policy-driven approach, emphasizing responsible AI governance, sustained investment in infrastructure and talent development, and a pedagogical shift that prioritizes human-centric learning alongside technological advancement. Recommendations are provided for policymakers, HEIs, and students to navigate this evolving landscape effectively, ensuring AI integration aligns with national educational goals and values, fostering critical thinking, and preparing a workforce for the digital age.
Emaliana Kasmuri, Fadhlan Faizal bin Nuruddin, Kurk Wei Yi, Preevitha Nithiyananthan
The AI-Powered Personalized Allergen Detection and Recipe Modification Tool is a mobile application developed to assist individuals with food allergies helping them identifying harmful ingredients in recipes and offer safer alternatives tailored to their personal allergen profiles. Food allergy is a serious health concern that can lead to life-threatening reactions if not managed properly, especially when consuming meals with unfamiliar ingredients. This tool uses artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) to analyse the textual format recipes specified by users and intelligently detect the presence of any allergen substances. Once allergens are identified, the tool accesses a built-in database integrated with machine learning/large language model to suggest appropriate and non-allergenic substitutes, allowing the users to prepare and modified a safer recipe. The tool includes features such as creating, editing, sharing, favouriting, and deleting recipes, along with user account settings that support allergen input and password management. With a focus on 90% accuracy rate in allergen detection and 44% substituion relecance score, the app ensures both speed and reliability. The tool was developed specifically for Android platform and intended for online use has provide an intuitive and user-friendly interface designed for convenience and efficiency. The tool helps users to make informed decisions about the ingredients and substitutions and early user feedback indicates improved confidence in meal preparation.
Ariff Idris, Fiza Abdul Rahim, Irfan Syafie Nor Afian, Lizawati Salahuddin
The AI-Powered Tutoring System is developed to address the persistent challenges of limited personalized learning support and cognitive overload that students experience when managing and revising extensive academic materials. Despite the growing use of digital learning tools, few systems effectively integrate automated summarization and quiz generation to promote active, self-directed learning. This study bridges the gap by designing an intelligent tutoring platform that enhances comprehension and engagement through AI-driven automation. The system allows students to upload academic materials such as PDFs, text files, and PowerPoint presentations, which are then processed using DeepSeek’s natural language processing API to generate concise summaries and structured quizzes. The system was developed using a full-stack web architecture comprising React.js for the frontend, Node.js and Express for the backend, and PostgreSQL as the database. Guided by the Agile methodology, the development process was structured into iterative sprints encompassing key phases such as planning, design, development, and testing. The system integrates the DeepSeek API for natural language processing, enabling the platform to provide summarized lecture notes and structured quizzes tailored to each uploaded document. It also includes user authentication, file handling, progress tracking, and a personalized library, allowing users to manage their learning resources effectively. A user acceptance test (UAT) with 31 undergraduate students was conducted using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The UAT results show that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, capability, trustworthiness, attitude toward the system, and behavioral intention to use had a high acceptance rate. Theoretically, this work contributes to the advancement of AI-driven educational technology by integrating principles from self-directed learning and technology acceptance models. Pedagogically, it offers an innovative approach to improving accessibility, comprehension, and learner autonomy through adaptive AI tools for content summarization and assessment.
Nur Yasmin Khairani bt Zakaria, Thivyah A/P Thiruchelvan
This systematic literature review examines ESL teachers’ perceptions of AI-powered writing assistants, highlighting benefits such as improved writing accuracy, vocabulary, and engagement, alongside concerns about over-reliance, critical thinking, data privacy, and inadequate training. Fifteen studies (2020–2025) from ERIC and Google Scholar were analyzed using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings emphasize the need for teacher readiness, clear guidelines, and contextual adaptation to integrate tools like Grammarly, QuillBot, and ChatGPT effectively in ESL writing instruction. Recommendations are offered for educators, policymakers, and researchers to ensure informed, ethical, and pedagogically sound use of AI in language learning.
Abdul Syukor Mohamad Jaya, Muhammad Hafidz Fazli Md Fauadi, Muhammad Rifqi Zakirin Rofidi, Nur Diana Izzani Masdzarif, Siti Azirah Asmai
The educational needs of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) require individualized approaches because they face major difficulties with communication and social skills and learning processes. The diverse requirements of children with ASD remain unmet by conventional educational approaches because these methods fail to provide suitable flexibility and expandability. The research develops Adaptive Interface System for Tracking Engagement (AISTY) as an explainable AI-based learning module which solves the current educational needs of children with ASD. The system AISTY uses computer vision to track behavioural data through real-time analysis while delivering interactive learning content that adjusts to student needs. The system uses a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to analyse facial expressions for engagement and emotional state classification (Happy, Sad, Neutral, Surprise, Fear, Angry, Disgust) with 78% accuracy while operating at 14-16 frames per second on typical computer equipment. The system contains three learning modules (Mathematics, Sing-Along, and Mini-Games) which modify their content according to the child's current state. The system includes an explainable AI (XAI) dashboard that uses SHAP-inspired visualizations to show caregivers exactly what elements influence the system's adaptation decisions. The usability assessment with parents and a special education teacher validated the system's operational capabilities and user-friendly interface and confirmed its worth. The research shows AISTY offers a flexible autism education system which proves that explainable adaptive AI can be effectively used in special needs education to boost student participation and academic success.
Amini Amir Abdullah, Hasri Mustafa, Kamarulzaman Ismail, Mohd Daud Awang, Nur Bahirah Baharum, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Syariena Arshad
Alcohol is widely used as an active ingredient in cosmetics, such as perfumes, skin care products, and lotions. Mixing alcohol with some other chemicals can produce a firmer and smoother skin texture. When Muslims hear the word alcohol, they usually imagine alcohol in drinks. This view is inaccurate, because not all alcohol is actually illegal unless it is extracted from al-khamr. However, the status of alcohol usage in cleanser from Syariah and scientific point of views are limited. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the status of alcohol usage in cleanser products. Data collection methods in this study include participatory observations to analyse data and obtain more regular and complete information. Lab experiments are conducted in the laboratory of Halal Products Research Institute Universiti Putra Malaysia to contents the safety and types of alcohol in cosmetics products. Results shown that ten alcohol compounds were identified in the sample cleansers. These alcohols were 1-butanediol, 2-phenoxy ethanol, 3-hexanol, 4-ethanol, and 5-propylene glycol. These alcohols are used as cleaning agents and solvents in cosmetic products and are suitable to be applied to the skin. Among these ten alcohol compounds, three compounds were found with the highest percentages which were 2-phenoxy ethanol (64.39 ± 10.43), 5-propylene glycol (31.96 ± 11.59) and 4-ethanol (1.29±0.06). Furthermore, this study proves that the use of alcohol in cleanser products is permissible in Islam if the alcohol is derived from plants, fruits, and grains. In other word, the status of alcohol usage in cleanser products is permissible according to Syariah based on this study.
Abdelkader DJEFLAT, Rim AMMAM
The study aims to assess how SNAT, its implementation mechanisms, the Territorial Planning Programs (PATs), and SNAT Dashboard, contribute to reducing regional disparities and preparing Algeria's landscape for future environmental and economic challenges. The research methodology includes a qualitative examination of government planning documents and spatial policy frameworks. Results suggest that while SNAT provides a comprehensive structure, its effectiveness in enhancing shadow regions largely relies on improved coordination among sectors and successful implementation at the local level. The study recommends bolstering multi-level governance, establishing strong monitoring and evaluation systems, and incorporating knowledge-driven strategies for sustainable, competitive, and balanced territorial development. Ultimately, revitalizing shadow areas is crucial for SNAT to realize comprehensive national development and integration in Algeria.
Iylia Dayana Mohamed Izwan, Lulu Indriaty, Mangesti Sedjati, Nurhidayah Yahya, Rudihartono Ismail, Saling
The emergence of algorithmic leadership based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping organizational strategies, particularly in the context of the New Autonomous Regions (DOB) in Papua. This article explores how AI-driven leadership models can optimize governance and organizational success in Papua’s DOB, where digital transformation, infrastructure development, and socio-political stability are key factors. By integrating machine learning, predictive analytics, and AI-based decision-making, algorithmic leadership can enhance efficiency, transparency, and strategic foresight. The study employs a mixed-method approach by analyzing governance frameworks, stakeholder adaptation, and the challenges of AI adoption in Papua’s DOB. The findings indicate that AI-based leadership promotes data-driven decision-making, addresses bureaucratic inefficiencies, and accelerates economic growth. However, challenges such as technological readiness, ethical concerns, and local community acceptance remain central issues. The article proposes a hybrid leadership model that combines algorithmic intelligence with human decision-making to ensure inclusivity, cultural adaptation, and sustainable governance in Papua.
Amelia Cahyadini, Sherly Ayuna Putri, Tasya Safiranita, Thessalonika Audeliavury Sandra, Yasmin Kinanti Shafayarra
Currently, cash payments are often no longer possible at some merchants. On the other hand, the use of digital payment technology also needs to be optimized. Based on this, it is necessary to review how to align the implementation of the obligation to accept Rupiah as legal tender and the use of digital payment technology among MSMEs in Lebakgede Village, Coblong District, Bandung City. This study employs an empirical legal method, using a qualitative approach through interviews, field observations, and a literature review. It found that, despite the increasing adoption of digital payments such as QRIS and e-wallets, the majority of MSMEs still rely on cash payments to support daily cash flow, due to limited digital literacy. All MSMEs comply with the legal obligation to accept Rupiah, but their understanding of legal sanctions is not uniform. The results of the study indicate that integrating digital and cash payment systems goes hand in hand with meeting economic needs and complying with the law. Education, training, administrative fee subsidies, and policy dissemination are needed so that MSMEs can adapt optimally without neglecting consumer rights and the sovereignty of the Rupiah. The main recommendation is for the government and MSMEs to collaborate on ongoing mentoring and on improving digital infrastructure to accelerate fair and sustainable financial inclusion.
Zinia Nasrin Shumon
Alpinia rda Zinia & F.H.Khan is described and illustrated as a new species from the district of Bogura, Bangladesh Zingiberaceae family contains First published in Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 682. 1820 [3 Aug 1820] (as "Zinziberaceae") (1820) nom. cons. Alpinia Roxb. First published in Asiat. Res. 11: 350 (1810), nom. cons. Alpinia mutica Roxb. First published in Asiat. Res. 11: 354 (1810). Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431. Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe First published in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 345 (1807). Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 1-529. MIM, Deurne. Alpinia nutans (L.) Roscoe. First published in J.E.Smith, Exot. Bot. 2: 93 (1806). Larsen, K. (1996). A prelimanary checklist of the Zingiberaceae of Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 24: 35-49. Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm. First published in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 31: 204 (1972). Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2005). Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 52: 1-415. Alpinia rda Zinia & F.H.Khan is compared with those 4 Alpinia species: Alpinia mutica, Alpinia malaccensis, Alpinia nutans and Alpinia zerumbet with their shape, height, leaves size, inflorescence, single flower, fruits color, shape and seeds shape. Adding identical keys also proper identification. The main differences in Petal’s design, Upper petal fully white and seeds shape.
Farah Adilah Mohd Fisal, Iz’an Rosmani, Nurul Natasha Nor Aziz, Wan Muhammad Fitri Wan Amir Nizam
Translation is an important component to fill the language and cultural divide between various international audiences. This research examined how cultural features in the British series Peaky Blinders were translated into Malay subtitles by Netflix. The proposed study employed the cultural categories developed by Newmark (1988) and the translation techniques proposed by Molina & Albir (2002). A qualitative approach to content analysis was conducted, analysing two selected episodes from Peaky Blinders Season 4. The results demonstrated how all five categories proposed by Newmark were manifested, and among Molina & Albir's eighteen translation techniques, adaptation and literal translation were identified as the two prominent categories. The articles' significance lies in summarising the complex link between 'Language' and 'Culture' in translation. The findings aim to create a better understanding among authors and Audio-visual translators regarding the strategies to translate 'culturally bound expressions'.
Dr. Shadreck P.M. Makombe, Prof. Bornface C. Chisaka
The research attempted to examine the representation of women in political leadership within ZANU PF between the year 2019 and 2023. The paper concentrated on the degree to which women are in the top positions in the party, how the male party leaders regard the leadership abilities of their female counterparts and the obstacles that face the women in leading the party. The researcher applied the qualitative research design and it was deemed the most appropriate bearing in mind the study into the inclusion of women through leadership in politics. A maximum population of 20 ZANU PF executive members comprising of one member of the three ZANU PF executive organs namely the Central Committee, Politburo and the Women League members were incorporated in the study to participate in the study. The researcher adopted the purposive and random sampling method to derive the optimal results to represent the population at large and the tools of data collection or gathering of data also was done through interviews and the focus discussion group. The results of the analysis reach a conclusion due to the fact that the proportion of women participating in politics and taking positions in decision-making process is very crucial. Findings reflect that in order to facilitate more women to join political leadership, ZANU PF must consider the following: graft, gender gap in political empowerment, political freedom, and other cultural factors such as performance orientation, collectivism and power distance.
Arwansyah bin Kirin, Edriagus Saputra, Ilham Mustafa, Mohd Shafiq Sahimi, Muhammad Hafis Mohd Hussain, Nur Hamidah Pulungan, Ramdan Baba
This study examines the tahqiq methodology applied by Shaykh ʿAbd al-Fattah Abu Ghuddah in his critical edition of Qawaʿid fi ʿUlum al-Hadith. In the scholarly tradition of hadith studies, the tahqiq of classical manuscripts plays a vital role in ensuring textual authenticity and accuracy of understanding. However, previous research has largely focused on the content of such works rather than on the editorial methodology employed by muhaqqiqs. This has created a scholarly gap in comprehending how the principles of tahqiq are practically and critically implemented by contemporary scholars. The primary objective of this study is to systematically analyze the tahqiq methods employed by Abu Ghuddah in editing al-Tahanawi’s Qawaʿid fi ʿUlum al-Hadith. This research adopts a qualitative approach through content analysis based on a comprehensive review of the text and related secondary sources. The findings reveal that Abu Ghuddah’s methodology emphasizes verification of primary sources, clear distinction between the author’s text and editorial commentary, the use of symbolization, biographical notes on hadith scholars, clarification of technical terminology and critical engagement with al-Tahanawi’s views. His approach demonstrates that tahqiq is not merely the restoration of a manuscript to its original form but also an intellectual endeavor that enriches understanding through systematic and scholarly commentary. The implications of this study are both theoretical and practical. Theoretically, it contributes to expanding the discourse on tahqiq methodology in hadith studies by offering a more comprehensive model. Practically, it provides a reference framework for researchers, postgraduate students and contemporary muhaqqiqs in producing high-quality, authentic and academically rigorous editions of classical Islamic texts.
Dr. Laban Murithi Mutwiri, Mucoka M. Irene.
This study assessed teachers’ preparedness for implementing the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) in public primary schools in Imenti North Sub-County, Meru County, Kenya, focusing specifically on teachers’ self-efficacy. A descriptive survey design within a mixed-methods approach was employed to describe teachers’ readiness and identify factors influencing CBC implementation. The target population comprised 30 head teachers, 80 teachers, and one Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officer (SCQASO). A sample of 34 respondents was selected, representing 30.6% of the total population. Stratified random sampling selected teachers and head teachers to ensure representativeness, while the SCQASO was purposively included for their supervisory expertise. The sample size was deemed sufficient according to Mugenda and Mugenda’s (2003) recommendation that 30% of a small population is adequate for descriptive studies. Data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Instrument validity was ensured through expert review and pilot testing, and reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.82. The findings revealed that most teachers had adequate academic qualifications but moderate self-efficacy, particularly in adapting to learner-centered approaches and designing competency-based assessments. Teacher confidence significantly influenced CBC implementation, showing a positive correlation (r = .56, p < .05) between self-efficacy and implementation success. The study concluded that teachers’ self-efficacy is a pivotal determinant of CBC success, affecting instructional innovation, adaptability, and learner engagement. It recommended continuous professional development, peer mentorship, and leadership support to enhance teacher confidence and capacity. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge on teacher preparedness and curriculum reform by highlighting the critical role of teacher self-efficacy in competency-based education.
Allan Chila, Friday Nyambe
The policy discourse on electronic tax collection in developing countries has gained momentum as governments seek efficient systems for assessment and collection through internet-based solutions. In Zambia, the Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA) introduced the Electronic Tax Management System (ETMS), rooted in reforms dating back to 1994, which has since evolved into a widely utilized platform with high taxpayer engagement. This study focused on evaluating the relationship between ETMS and tax collection efficiency, particularly in Lusaka, using a quantitative descriptive design and analyzing data from 100 randomly selected ZRA employees. Findings revealed that ETMS positively impacts compliance, transparency, and efficiency, leading to increased tax revenue. Integration of ETMS into ZRA processes provided benefits such as risk assessment, real-time monitoring, and improved data accuracy. However, challenges remain, including informal sector dominance, a narrow tax base, complex policies, outdated technology, and enforcement difficulties. The study concluded that addressing these issues is essential for sustainable revenue collection and recommended continuous staff training, interdepartmental collaboration, and comprehensive tax reform strategies.
Asliah C. Mamalampac, Ph.D
This study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of Grade 3 to 6 pupils' proficiency in foundational skills of Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic (3Rs) within the Lanao del Sur I Division, using a descriptive quantitative research design. A rigorously validated 3Rs Diagnostic Assessment Tool was employed to identify learning gaps that have widened due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The assessment, which highlighted significant deficiencies particularly in reading comprehension, creative writing, and arithmetic word problem-solving, revealed a critical need for targeted curriculum enhancements. Inferential statistical methods, including t-tests and ANOVA, were used to analyze performance variances across grade levels and gender, uncovering both statistically significant improvements and areas of stagnation. To address these gaps, the study proposes a follow-up intervention plan focused on learner-centered, culturally responsive teaching practices, supported by teacher training in evidence-based strategies. This nuanced approach aims to align local educational efforts with UNESCO's Education 2030 framework, enhancing equitable access to quality education and fostering robust academic performance across the student body.
Kazi Julfikar Ali, Md. Abdul Khalek, Mst. Rumana Eaismin
The study analyzed the economics of cattle fattening in Kushtia district, Bangladesh, using a Cobb–Douglas type profit function. Primary data were collected from 107 small-scale cattle fatteners through face-to-face structured interviews, covering socioeconomic characteristics, cost–benefit details, and marketing practices. The results indicate that cattle fattening was a profitable and flexible source of income, with an average profit of BDT 8,268.50 per farm in a season. Salt cost, fixed cost, and medicine cost were found to be significant at the 1% level, while purchase cost was significant at the 5% level and negatively associated with profit, as expected. Farm size showed a positive and significant association with profit at the 1% level, suggesting that larger farms tend to achieve higher profitability. Based on the findings, the policy suggestions are that the government should implement subsidies or price-control measures for veterinary medicines to reduce production costs and enhance profitability. In addition, the government might help farmers expand their farms by providing access to credit, encouraging cooperative farming, and supporting land use, making cattle fattening more sustainable and profitable in the long run in Bangladesh.
Elyn Mohd Ridzwan, Suhana Mohamed
The goal of this study is to determine how well-informed students are about halal cuisine and how social media affects their dietary choices, particularly for Muslim students attending Malaysian institutions. Students' eating choices are being impacted by the current trend of popular culinary videos on the internet via platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok. Students are often enticed to try new cuisines by these social media trends without verifying whether the restaurants are certified halal. Food choices were found to be significantly influenced by social media, particularly by user suggestions and visually appealing content. To sum up, more creative, interactive, and tech-based halal education approaches are required. Therefore, in order to influence students' behavior toward adhering to halal food choice behavior, the study suggests that there be more halal education through online media in addition to strategic cooperation between educational institutions, halal regulators, and social media networks.
Ahmad Kamalrulzaman Othman, Azlan Abdul Aziz, Nurain Farzana Mohd Fauzi, Yusnita Sokman
Science is one of the core subjects in primary education. The conceptual complexity of topics such as the solar system poses persistent challenges for young learners, leading limited interest, low motivation and limited conceptual retention. This paper addresses this problem through Space Adventure, a game-based learning application developed using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology and evaluated with the EGameFlow model. Thirty Year 3 students completed the EGameFlow questionnaire that measured five dimensions of engagement – concentration, goal clarity, feedback, challenge and knowledge improvement. Both the Flow Theory and Cognitive Load Theory served as interpretive frameworks to strengthen the methodological validity analysis with bootstrapping and theoretical sensitivity simulation used to evaluate the stability of the results. Findings revealed the overall enjoyment level of 90.8% (M=4.54) with concentration attained the highest mean (M=4.79). The findings support the idea that gaming mechanics that are pedagogically aligned can produce flow-like engagement with a manageable cognitive load. The study offers a reproducible conceptual model integrating EGameFlow dimensions with flow and cognitive-load processes for an instructional game design in primary science education.
Chinelo Sandra Ogala, Itiri Idam Okpara, Ogbonnaya Abraham Onuaja, Temple Akpa
There are identified levels of institutional injustice and the unprofessional manner in which some principals in secondary schools manage work-related matters through the employment of personal emotions that can influence their judgement. These subjective decisions have frequently resulted in dissatisfaction among numerous subordinates, which has culminated in teachers' attrition. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no research has been conducted on this topic in Nigeria. Understanding this perspective in the context of secondary school teachers in Abakaliki Metropolis is of utmost research interest. The study employed a descriptive research design and utilised a purposive sampling method. The correlation coefficient estimation was used to test the collated data. The results from the correlation coefficient showed there is a positive and strong relationship between self-awareness, self-motivation, and emotional regulation among teachers’ job satisfaction. The study also revealed a positive and strong relationship between team collaboration and job satisfaction. In line with the ability model and two-factor theory, this study concludes that emotional intelligence as a subset of cognitive intelligence, focusing on recognising and managing emotions, is associated with job satisfaction. The practical policy implications suggest the need to encourage emotional management training, team collaboration, knowledge sharing, and enhanced office ambiance, among others.
M. Abraham Gbeh, Jr.
This thesis provides a comprehensive examination of the impact of teaching strategies on students' learning outcomes, specifically analyzing two MCSS schools: W.V.S Tubman High School and G.W. Gibson High School during the 2012-2013 academic year. Utilizing a descriptive research design, the study employed a systematic sampling technique to gather insightful data from 187 respondents through thoughtfully crafted questionnaires. The findings reveal that discussion, identified by 82 respondents (43.85%), is the most commonly utilized teaching strategy, while lectures were cited by 73 respondents (39.04%) as another principal method implemented in teaching sessions. Direct instruction was recognized by 28 respondents (14.97%) as a significant approach employed during lessons. Additionally, a substantial majority of 129 students (78.18%) and 21 teachers (95.45%) acknowledged that the teaching strategies applied by educators have profoundly influenced students' learning outcomes. Notably, 104 respondents (55.62%) affirmed that they rated the overall performance of both teachers and students as commendable. The recommendations put forth by the researcher are crucial; if diligently applied, they could lead to remarkable enhancements within the Liberian educational system, equipping students for meaningful success beyond secondary school. By prioritizing these recommendations, we can foster a positive and holistic environment that enhances teaching and learning experiences for all.
Effanga Anthony, Samuel Effiong Isaac
This study explores the factors shaping how staff of the University of Uyo make intertemporal consumption choices. Data were gathered from 37 respondents across academic and non-academic units, covering their current and expected income, years of service, age, savings plans, present and future consumption, and utility rankings. Using this information, intertemporal consumption, savings, and utility functions were estimated for two periods: the present period, defined by each respondent’s current rank and income, and the future period, tied to their next promotion and expected earnings. The findings reveal that current income and age play central roles in influencing both consumption and saving behavior. Evidence from the Euler equation suggests that the expected marginal utility of future consumption exceeds that of the present, implying a stronger incentive to save now for higher future satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of sound financial planning and supportive welfare policies to promote smoother consumption over time.
Anidah Aziz, Maz Izuan Mazalan, Mohd Sufian Ab Kadir, Norashikin Adam, Siti Mariam Ali, Sumayyah Shaidin
This study explores the cost of living as a critical indicator for positioning Malaysia as the world's best retirement destination, focusing on three key components: utilities expenses, medical costs, and the Malaysia My Second Home (MM2H) programme. Malaysia has garnered global attention for its relatively low living expenses, quality healthcare, and favorable residency schemes for foreign retirees. Through a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative data analysis of current living costs with qualitative insights gathered from expatriate retirees and policy stakeholders. Utility expenses in Malaysia remain affordable, with subsidized electricity, water, and internet services providing retirees with cost-efficient living standards. Medical costs are significantly lower than in many Western countries, yet the nation maintains internationally accredited hospitals and skilled healthcare professionals, supporting Malaysia's medical tourism appeal. Additionally, MM2H offers structured visa tiers that attract retirees with various financial capabilities, contributing to long-term residency security and investment potential. The expected conclusion is that Malaysia's competitive cost of living, combined with its healthcare quality and strategic retirement visa policies, solidifies its position as a top-tier retirement destination, especially for middle- to upper-income retirees seeking affordability without sacrificing lifestyle quality.
Norfarhana Fadilla Mohd Zaki, Sharifah Nadia Syed Nasharudin
Developing strong oral communication skills is essential for preparing undergraduates to succeed in both academic and professional contexts. This exploratory, mixed-method study investigates how pre-recorded informative speech presentations can serve as a platform for enhancing communication competence among university students. Using Spitzberg & Cupach’s Model of Communication Competence framework, a content analysis of eight (8) student video presentations who enrolled in the English for Informative Speech (LCC400) course at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) was conducted, focusing on three dimensions: knowledge (organisation and clarity of ideas), skills (verbal and non-verbal delivery), and motivation (confidence and audience engagement). Findings revealed that students demonstrated satisfactory competence in structuring content, particularly in time management and grammatical accuracy. However, delivery-related challenges, such as limited eye contact, poor vocal projection, and reliance on notes, were frequently observed. Interestingly, despite the flexibility of a pre-recorded format, students still seemed to struggle with their speech delivery. The study also indicated that while the pre-recorded format facilitated technical aspects such as time management, it did not automatically translate into effective delivery or a confident presentation. By applying the framework of communication competence, this paper highlights the role of structured speech tasks in fostering future-ready communication skills. The implications extend to curriculum design, suggesting that video-based oral presentations can complement traditional assessments to develop future-ready communication competence in Malaysian ESL contexts.
Abdul Kadir, Bahrudin La Puka, Burhan, Erfain, Hisayni, La Ode Abdul Wahab
The appointment and dismissal of Civil Servants (ASN) in Buton Selatan on November 18, 2024, by Acting Regent MRB has come under public scrutiny due to alleged violations of Article 71, paragraph (2) of Law No. 10 of 2016. The inauguration of 74 ASN officials was conducted without obtaining written approval from the Minister of Home Affairs, with only 15 out of 74 officials holding valid permits. The cancellation of the appointment the following day resulted in legal uncertainty and potential losses for the appointed officials. The legal implications of this violation include criminal sanctions in accordance with Article 190 of Law No. 1 of 2015, as well as negative impacts on bureaucratic stability and public trust. This research aims to analyze the appointment and dismissal of ASN from a legal and governance perspective, providing recommendations to prevent similar cases in the future. Recommendations include enhancing coordination between local and central government, strengthening oversight mechanisms, ensuring transparency in the appointment process, and providing training for relevant officials. By improving these mechanisms, it is hoped that the quality of governance in Buton Selatan can be elevated, and public trust in the integrity of the ASN appointment process can be maintained.
Mohd Haidhar Kamarzaman, Muhammad Afif Fansuri
The phenomenon of pluralist interpretation has become increasingly prominent in contemporary Islamic thought, particularly through the influence of modern ideologies that advocate religious inclusivism, truth relativism, and universal salvation. These ideologies reinterpret Qur’anic teachings to promote the notion that all religions are equally valid paths to God. This study aims to examine the interpretative deviations arising from pluralist readings of the Qur’an, specifically in relation to the ideology of religious inclusivism as reflected in Surah Āl ‘Imrān (3:19): “Indeed, the religion with Allah is Islam.” It also seeks to analyze the exegetical approach of Imam Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī in Tafsīr al-Kabīr as a classical and authoritative framework that reaffirms the exclusivity of Islam and the principle of tawḥīd. This research employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing textual and content analysis to critically examine the writings of modern Islamic pluralist thinkers who interpret this verse through the lens of inclusivism. Their views are systematically compared with Imam al-Rāzī’s exegetical approach to highlight the epistemological and theological differences between modern ideological interpretations and traditional Islamic hermeneutics. The findings reveal that pluralist interpretations often detach the verse from its theological and linguistic context, redefining al-Islām as a universal attitude of submission to God that encompasses all faiths. This approach undermines the Qur’anic affirmation of Islam as the final and exclusive divine religion. In contrast, Imam al-Rāzī interprets al-Islām in this verse as the specific revelation brought by Prophet Muhammad, representing the culmination of divine guidance and the abrogation of previous religious laws. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the necessity of returning to classical exegetical principles, as exemplified by Imam al-Rāzī, to preserve the integrity of Qur’anic interpretation and protect it from modern ideological distortions. By reaffirming the exclusivity of Islam as the true religion in the sight of Allah, this research underscores the enduring relevance of traditional exegesis in addressing contemporary pluralist and inclusivist readings of the Qur’an.
Nurul Zarirah Binti Nizam, Thevashantini A. Danabalu
Studies have been conducted on analysis of marketing strategies in Newbridge College Malacca during Covid-19 pandemics. In the beginning of the year 2020, this Coronavirus (Covid-19) started to be transmitted all over the world which infected virus by breathing. Due to this virus, all the institutions to be closed and conducted all the education activities via online. This study examines about the framework that covers the Newbridge College upon selection process for students through marketing and promotional materials during the Covid-19 pandemic. Other than that, twenty academic staff of Newbridge College randomly selected to answer the questions on such variables as students' needs in the institution by identify the communication channel, the education promotions, and the quality of education assessment. The research also analysis the strategy performances of marketing team on promoting the courses and scholarship offered during this pandemic via selected channels.
Lila Kurnia Wardani, Taufikkurrahman, Yayan Basuki
In a competitive environment, the main priority for public transport service providers is passenger satisfaction, enabling them to survive, compete, and capture market share. This study aims to assess passenger satisfaction with the service performance of the Plaosan–Magetan route public transport and to identify the indicators influencing user satisfaction. The research employs the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method and adopts a descriptive survey approach. Data collection was conducted through interviews using a questionnaire administered to 100 respondents, gathering respondent characteristics and their attitudes toward service quality and passenger satisfaction variables. The results reveal that all six service dimensions exhibited negative gap values, indicating that, overall, the service provided by the Plaosan–Magetan route public transport does not yet meet customer expectations. Based on IPA analysis, five attributes were identified in quadrant one as top priorities for improvement: adequate passenger numbers according to vehicle capacity, mandatory accident liability coverage, operator identification via ID cards and uniforms, priority service for pregnant women, the elderly, people with disabilities, and children, as well as fare information. To enhance passenger satisfaction, this study recommends that public transport companies instill greater discipline among employees and establish clear standard operating procedures to be followed by all drivers.
Erni Yulianti, Irham Waladani Andrianto, Lalu Mulyadi
The Paliwara Landslide Mitigation Project in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency of South Kalimantan Province is dealing with many risks that potentially able to delay project objectives achievement. The analysis in this study aims to identify key risks in the project and to evaluate these risks management using a standard of AS/NZS 4360:2004 as the management framework. Research methodology applied in this study was descriptive qualitative method, by reviewing secondary project data such as progress report, Show Cause Meeting (SCM) documentation, and implementation timeline. Result of risk identification are able to identify ten key risks including weak project management, extreme weather (heavy rainfall), remote project locations that delayed the material supply to worksite, and potential for subsequent landslides. According to the probability and impact assessment, there were two risks were classified as very high level (poor project management and disruption due to extreme weather), while one risk was classified as high level (the geotechnical risk of subsequent landslide). Meanwhile, the remaining risks were classified as moderate to low level. Mitigation strategies directed to have focus on risks with high level including strengthening project management and coordination, adapting schedule to the weather condition and implementing technical measures to stabilize slopes. This study demonstrates the importance of proactively implementing risk management for road infrastructure construction project, in particular for those projects with challenging natural and site condition to prevent future project failures.
Ayantoyinbo B. B., Oyewale V. D.
The rapid expansion of e-commerce has revolutionized the global retail landscape, offering consumers unprecedented convenience and access to a diverse array of products. This study examines the influence of delivery time accuracy, dispatch and routing efficiency, real-time tracking, cost competitiveness, and last-mile delivery effectiveness on e-commerce adoption among DHL customers in Lagos. The study employed a descriptive survey research design with structured questionnaires administered across major commercial and logistics hubs, including Ikeja, Lagos Island, Lekki, Surulere, and Apapa. According to DHL Nigeria Report (2024), the estimated annual customer base in Lagos was 110,012, from which a sample size of 399 respondents was determined using stratified random sampling and Slovin’s formula. Inferential statistics of multiple regression analysis were applied to analyze the data. Result of multiple regression analysis on the impact of delivery efficiency on e-commerce adoption among DHL customers in Lagos State showed that four (4) out of five (5) explanatory variables were positively statistically significant in explaining the variation of delivery flexibility. These variables were delivery time accuracy (p = 0.000), dispatch and routing efficiency (p = 0.010), real-time tracking capability (p = 0.001), and last-mile delivery effectiveness (p = 0.003). These results emphasize that customers value speed, accuracy, and visibility in delivery logistics more than cost considerations. The study concludes that delivery efficiency plays a statistically significant role in enhancing e-commerce adoption in metropolitan Lagos. DHL should prioritize targeted investments in AI, data analytics, and technology-driven logistics solutions to strengthen delivery time accuracy, routing efficiency, real-time tracking, and last-mile operations.
Huzaimah Husin, Nur Faizah binti Hambali, Shakir Saat, Siva Kumar Subramaniam, Yusmarnita Yusop
High-efficiency power conversion is critical for Wireless Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems, especially at high operating frequencies where switching losses, impedance sensitivity, and load variations strongly affect overall performance. Conventional Class-E inverters typically exhibit efficiency degradation when operating outside their optimum load conditions due to impedance mismatch and the consequent loss of soft-switching. To address these limitations, this study investigates the design and performance analysis of a Class-E π2b resonant transmitter, a topology chosen for its capability to sustain zero voltage switching (ZVS) under appropriately matched conditions. The Class-E 2b transmitter is analytically designed for a 16 W power specification using standard Class-E design equations, and its performance is examined through detailed circuit-level simulations in PSIM. The resonant transmitter is evaluated under two operational scenarios: (i) direct operation without an impedance-matching network, and (ii) operation incorporating a π2b impedance-matching network. This comparative approach enables a controlled assessment of how impedance matching influences efficiency, switching behaviour, and output stability. Simulation results show that the Class-E π2b inverter operating without impedance matching achieves approximately 74% efficiency, primarily due to load-dependent mismatch and partial loss of soft-switching. In contrast, when integrated with a π2b matching network, the transmitter preserves ideal ZVS switching characteristics and delivers stable 16 W at 6.78 MHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band, achieving a significantly improved overall efficiency of 98.2% when driving a 22 Ω load. These findings demonstrate that the Class-E π2b topology, when complemented with an appropriate impedance-matching network, provides a robust and highly efficient solution for high-frequency inductive wireless power transfer applications.
Abdul Rahim Abdullah, Fadhlur Rahim Azmi, Haslinda Musa, Mohd Nasar Othman, Nur Zafirah A Khadar
In most developed countries, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system is considered as one of the key factors in promoting industrial growth through the development of a competent and skilled workforce. With the increasing importance of early education in preparing young learners for their future careers, TVET programs have gained attention for their potential to provide practical skills and knowledge to children at an early stage. This study aims to investigate the external factors that influence the adoption of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in early education in Malaysia. Understanding external factors and their perceptions of TVET adoption is critical to designing effective educational strategies and facilitating their successful implementation. This study uses a quantitative survey as the research method. Higher education participants, parents and teachers in Malacca, Malaysia will be selected as the sample to participate in this study. The results of the study will provide insight into the factors that contribute to the acceptance or resistance to early education TVET in Malaysia. Thus, it is expected that this study will provide upcoming academic scholars with a reliable and accurate grasp of TVET early education. By understanding the external factors, policy makers can design targeted interventions and strategies to effectively promote the adoption of TVET programs.
Simeon Folorunso Kehinde
Biblical criticism is often viewed from two perspectives. On the one hand, it is seen as a discipline that aims at making the biblical content and intent explicit and easily understandable. On the other hand, however, it is perceived as a destructive exercise to fragment, disparage and rob the Bible of its spiritual authority. As a result, discussion on concepts such as textual, source, form and redaction criticism in biblical studies often attracts jeers. A central question that always accompanies such debate is about the relevance of those criticisms, which has led to the conclusion that such an exercise is just an academic showmanship. Through a descriptive method, this paper investigates the values of biblical criticism from an apologetic perspective by using Pentateuchal criticism as an example. It establishes that there are theological, exegetical and hermeneutical values in Pentateuchal criticism.
Azmeer Nasri, Yusri Hazrol Yusoff
This conceptual review examines the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in understanding tax compliance behavior among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). While TPB has been widely applied to individual behavior, its extension to firm-level analysis remains limited. The study synthesizes existing literature to propose a firm-level framework that operationalizes TPB’s three constructs, namely attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, within organizational and legal contexts. It integrates Malaysia’s statutory framework and emphasizes that firms express behavioral intentions through legally authorized representatives such as directors and managers. The findings indicate that TPB provides a coherent and adaptable framework for analyzing SME tax compliance when its constructs are interpreted through managerial attitudes, stakeholder expectations, and perceived resource control. The review highlights theoretical, practical, and methodological contributions by demonstrating TPB’s adaptability beyond individual agency and by offering policymakers insights into enhancing compliance through behavioral and institutional interventions. The study concludes by proposing directions for future empirical research to validate the conceptual framework of firm-level tax compliance behavior.
Dr. Mohamed Shadi, Mostafa Ahmed
This paper challenges the classification of the Arabic language as 'secure' by mainstream language vitality indices. We argue that such assessments, focused on static metrics like speaker numbers, overlook the dynamic and corrosive processes of language attrition driven by globalisation and linguistic hegemony. We introduce a novel Socio-Political-Historical (SPH) framework that integrates Pierre Bourdieu's theory of linguistic capital and Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony to analyse the decline of Arabic's socio-economic prestige. Based on this framework, we develop a predictive mathematical model that quantifies the rate of Arabic language attrition across 22 Arab states over a 100-year period (2024-2124). The model forecasts an accelerating decline, particularly in the peripheries of the Arab world, pushing the average status of the language below a critical viability threshold. We argue that this linguistic erosion constitutes a first-order threat to Arab national security, potentially leading to societal fragmentation and conflict, mirroring the Balkanisation of the former Yugoslavia. The paper concludes by proposing a comprehensive policy framework for language revitalisation, structured around governmental regulation, educational reform, and the strategic projection of linguistic soft power, arguing that such measures are a strategic imperative for the future of the Arab world.
Ibraheem Alani AbdulKareem, Mohamad Sobri Hamid, Mohd Sadad Mahmud, Omar Abdul Hamid, Ong Yew Chuan
The global demand for halal meat is steadily increasing, highlighting the need for innovative production methods that enhance efficiency, hygiene, and continuous Shariah compliance. Traditional halal slaughter and certification practices, deeply rooted in Islamic ethics, face growing challenges in terms of scalability, traceability, and maintaining consumer confidence, particularly in industrial-scale production. This paper investigates how Artificial Intelligence (AI) and advanced manufacturing technologies especially laser-based systems can modernise halal meat production while upholding Islamic principles. AI tools, including computer vision, the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and robotics, offer potential for real-time monitoring, automated documentation, and transparent certification across the supply chain. Likewise, laser technology presents opportunities for cleaner, more precise, and standardised slaughter processes. Drawing on relevant studies and practical insights, the research examines how these innovations can enhance production efficiency, foster consumer trust, and improve competitiveness in global markets. However, key challenges persist, including theological concerns about automating sacred processes, regulatory inconsistencies, and the high costs and technical limitations faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). To address these issues, the paper proposes a conceptual framework that integrates AI with Shariah governance principles, encouraging collaboration between technologists, regulators, and Islamic scholars. It concludes that the successful adoption of AI and laser-based systems will depend on harmonising technological advancement with religious values, ensuring both spiritual integrity and sustainable industrial growth.
Alia Nabella Fateha Zolkifli, Sharina Saad, Suciyati Haji Sulaiman, Zaidi Mahmud
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a transformative force in redefining academic discourse by reshaping how scholarly writing, analysis, and communication are produced and evaluated. This conceptual paper develops an integrative framework positioning AI as the independent variable, writing tools as the mediating variable, and article analysis as the dependent outcome. Drawing on Activity Theory, Cognitive Load Theory, and Critical Pedagogy, the framework explains how AI-powered tools such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, and Elicit act as mediating artifacts that enhance writing fluency, coherence, and analytical depth while reducing cognitive load. A narrative review methodology was employed to synthesize recent literature from the Scopus database (2018–2025), identifying key themes related to AI’s role in efficiency, accessibility, and ethical integration in academic writing. Findings indicate that AI-assisted writing tools significantly improve structural clarity and analytical rigor, especially for non-native English speakers, yet challenges remain concerning authorship accountability, originality, and ethical oversight. The paper contributes theoretically by proposing a holistic model that links technological affordances to higher-order academic outcomes, and practically by offering insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers on responsible AI integration in teaching, research, and publication. This study aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 4, 10, and 11), emphasizing equitable, inclusive, and high-quality education in the digital era.
Dr. Jimboy B. Pagalilauan
This research explored the efficacy and limitations of Artificial Intelligence (AI) translation tools in relation to human translation, with an emphasis on accuracy, reliability, and user perception. Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from 39 respondents via a structured survey to identify how often AI translation is utilized, the problems faced, and the level of dependence on it for academic and professional work. Findings indicated that although AI translation software is commonly employed because of convenience and accessibility, users invariably acknowledged their shortfalls, especially in dealing with idiomatic expressions, words of ambiguity, cultural sensitivity, and technical or specialized text. Findings also indicated that most respondents had greater confidence in human translation when it came to accuracy and dependability, with most highlighting the imperatives of human revision and proofreading for quality assurance. Even with these restrictions, numerous participants still suggested AI translation software for use in schools, as long as human oversight is used. The research concludes that AI translation can be a useful tool for translation work but not replace the richness, cultural awareness, and context knowledge of human translators. According to these results, the research suggests merging the AI translation software with human supervision to achieve the highest possible efficiency and accuracy, particularly for educational and specialized purposes.
Adnan Aminuddin, Jazimin Zakaria, Muhammad Syahmizan Azmi, Nazni Noordin
The evolution of the ASEAN Political Security Community (APSC) represents both the achievements and limitations of Southeast Asia’s efforts to build a stable and cooperative regional order. The ASPC plays a key role through initiatives to promote dialogue, prevent regional conflicts and strengthen mutual security cooperation. Structural challenges, including unresolved territorial disputes, the rise of China, adherence to the principle of non-intervention, and the growing influence of populism and nationalism, are among the key challenges that the APSC needs to address. These challenges suggest that ASEAN’s normative and institutional frameworks are facing security and governance issues. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the research landscape on leadership and regionalism in Southeast Asia, with a specific focus on the evolution of the APSC. Scopus-AI analytics were used in the analysis process. Using a comprehensive search string across political, economic and security dimensions, this study draws insights from five Scopus-AI analytics features (summary, extended summary, concept map, topic experts and emerging themes) to map the thematic evolution of the APSC. The findings reveal consistent themes such as the enduring US–China rivalry and ASEAN’s institutional adaptation, rising themes including populism and nationalism, and novel themes such as the role of higher education leadership in fostering regional resilience. Moreover, topic experts highlight the importance of network governance, communicative practices through joint communiqués, and the blue economy as cross-sectoral dimensions influencing security cooperation. Theoretically, the study contributes to debates on regionalism and security community theory by reaffirming ASEAN as an incomplete but evolving security community. Practically, the results highlight the need for institutional reforms, capacity building, and people-centered approaches to enhance ASEAN’s centrality in regional affairs. By synthesizing thematic insights and expert perspectives, this study underscores that the future of the APSC depends on ASEAN’s ability to reconcile sovereignty-centered practices with the demands of deeper integration and collective resilience.
Dike Felix Okechukwu, Israel C. Obiasogu
This study assessed the academic credentials and faculty development structures within tertiary institutions in Liberia, following the 2024–2025 nationwide Quality Assurance Inspection conducted by the National Commission on Higher Education (NCHE). Using a descriptive quantitative design, data were collected from 59 institutions in Categories A and B of the NCHE classification. Results revealed that only 25.4% of Presidents and Vice Presidents for Academic Affairs possess terminal degrees, while 35.6% have none. Additionally, less than 10% of faculty members across all institutions hold terminal degrees, and 57.6% of institutions reported that fewer than half of their faculty possess master’s degrees. Alarmingly, 81.4% of institutions lack structured faculty development programs. These findings indicate a significant gap in the quality of teaching staff, undermining institutional credibility and student learning outcomes. Guided by Human Capital Theory and Credentialism Theory, the study highlights the urgent need for reforms in faculty recruitment, qualification standards, and professional development initiatives. It recommends stricter NCHE regulations, targeted scholarship opportunities, and sustainable faculty development programs. Addressing these gaps is essential for enhancing academic quality, improving institutional effectiveness, and strengthening Liberia’s contribution to human capital and national development.
Wilson Effiong Akpan
The nuanced nature of the changes in the contemporary business environment has introduced new waves of challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurship. This can be in the form of expanding globalisations, emerging market trends, proliferation of artificial intelligence and digital technologies as well as social, economic and political dynamics of nations. This study assessed the challenges and opportunities of entrepreneurship in developing economies using Nigeria as a case study. The study employed qualitative research approach using interviews from 20 participants selected using purposive sampling procedure. The study was conducted through exploratory research design with primary data collected through semi-structured interview and analysis was through themes and premises. The findings showed that the challenges of entrepreneurship are situated within the context of financial, infrastructural, institutional and socio-cultural. Also, the study demonstrated that entrepreneurs have immense opportunities before them in developing economies in Nigeria because of population growth, untapped market, digital penetrations and advancements as well as urbanisation. The study concluded that the challenges and opportunities of entrepreneurship in Nigeria is based on the delicate balance between localisation and globalisation. It was recommended from this study that there should be increased development of entrepreneurship ecosystem through combined effort of actors such as government, non-government organisations, private sector and academics. It was also suggested that accessibility to finance, strengthening institutions and developing infrastructure would pave the way to more profitable and sustainable enterprises in developing economies.
AKINOLA Oluwatoyin Bolanle, BABOU Ceesay
This study compared quality assurance mechanisms in private and public tertiary institutions in The Gambia, employing a convergent mixed-methods design. Data were collected from 11 out of 19 accredited institutions through surveys, interviews, and checklists guided by National Accreditation and Quality Assurance Authority (NAQAA) indicators. Results revealed significant differences between private and public institutions in admission criteria, physical facilities, and internal assessment. Key challenges included a limited number of Quality Assurance specialists, funding constraints, and bureaucratic delays. These findings highlight the need for targeted policy reforms to strengthen Quality Assurance systems, build institutional capacity, and streamline resource allocation processes.
Fadila Normahia Abd Manaf, Mardhiyah Ismail, Nik Nur Amiza Nik Ismail, Nurul Hafiza Ismail, Siti Haslini Zakaria
Nowadays, AI-powered applications are increasingly integrated into academic fields, and numerous studies have discussed the acceptance of this technology among higher education students. With AI worldwide establishment, empirical research remains necessary to evaluate user satisfaction, effectiveness, and long-term sustainability. Since cultural, social, and economic factors influence how AI is implemented in education, the level of acceptance of AI tools among students also may vary from one country to another. This study aims to explore university students' satisfaction with AI tools in the context of higher education in Malaysia, specifically in Kelantan. This study examines how satisfied students are with AI technologies used for their learning, with an emphasis on emotional well-being, content quality, and perceived utility of the tools. Using a cross-sectional approach, 105 undergraduate students from various faculties at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kelantan were selected to participate in the study. Students were given a self-administered questionnaire using Google Forms to obtain the data. Simple random sampling was used in the study, and the data analysis was conducted using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The findings showed that the only significant variables influencing students' satisfaction with AI tools in their education are emotional well-being and perceived utility, while the quality of the content is not statistically significant. The findings show that how students feel when using AI tools together with their perception of the tool’s benefit is crucial despite the content itself. The results indicate that, to drive user satisfaction and long-term usage of this technology, developers may prioritize usability, perceived benefits, and emotional engagement rather than solely enhancing algorithmic reliability or refining instructional content.
Joecyn N. Archival, Roey C. Sumaoy
The integration of educational technology plays a pivotal role in enhancing technical instruction and learner engagement. This study evaluated the behavioral intention to use and accept the Innovative Lighting System Trainer (ILST) at North Eastern Mindanao State University, Cantilan Campus, employing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the theoretical framework. The study aimed to determine the levels of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude toward use, and behavioral control, and to examine the relationships among these constructs. A descriptive–correlational research design was utilized, involving student respondents from technical and engineering programs during the Academic Year 2024–2025. Weighted means and Pearson correlation coefficients were computed to assess the acceptability of the ILST and the interrelationships among TAM constructs. Findings revealed that all TAM constructs were rated as Very Highly Acceptable (grand mean = 4.37). Perceived usefulness obtained the highest mean rating, while perceived ease of use was rated slightly lower but remained Highly Acceptable. Correlation analysis showed strong positive and statistically significant relationships among perceived usefulness, attitude toward use, and behavioral control, confirming the validity of TAM in this context. The study concludes that user acceptance of the ILST is primarily influenced by its perceived usefulness and positive attitude formation. Integrating the ILST into technical training programs is strongly recommended to promote active, technology-enhanced learning and improve skill-based competency.
Anis Amni Rohime, Mastika Nasrun, Norazlina Abdul Aziz
Sexual harassment remains a serious and pervasive issue in Malaysia, with victims frequently encountering obstacles in seeking justice and redress. Despite the introduction of the Anti-Sexual Harassment Act 2022 (ASHA 2022), numerous implementation challenges and legal gaps continue to hinder its effectiveness. This paper critically examines the extent to which ASHA 2022 addresses the existing shortcomings within Malaysia’s legal framework on sexual harassment. Employing a doctrinal research methodology, the analysis draws from statutory provisions, case law, policy documents, and academic commentaries to assess both the substantive and procedural aspects of the law. The findings reveal that while ASHA 2022 introduces significant legal reforms such as the establishment of a tribunal to adjudicate sexual harassment claims, it only partially resolves the existing lacunae. Persistent weaknesses remain in enforcement mechanisms, public awareness, victim protection, and coordination among relevant agencies. The study concludes that ASHA 2022 represents a progressive legislative milestone but that meaningful reform requires effective implementation, procedural refinement, and stronger institutional support. Policy recommendations are proposed to enhance enforcement, improve legal literacy, and strengthen protection for victims to ensure accessible and equitable justice.
Mary Joy M. Capito
This study constitutes a comprehensive evaluation of the Student Affairs Services (SAS) at Northwest Samar State University (NwSSU), recognizing the integral role of SAS in fostering student development beyond academics. In contemporary higher education, learning demands more than classroom instruction; students require holistic support systems that address their emotional, social, personal, and professional growth. SAS encompasses various units and services, including counseling, health care, scholarship administration, leadership training, and career services, all designed to meet these broader developmental needs. In an environment of increasing accountability and competition, universities must ensure that their support services are effective, responsive, and aligned with institutional goals and student expectations. Therefore, evaluating how students perceive these services is critical for continuous improvement. This study seeks to gather students' feedback on the effectiveness of SAS and translate the findings into actionable recommendations to enhance services and better support students' academic engagement, personal well-being, and career readiness throughout their university journey.
George Phiri, Natasha Lukwesa
This study was designed to assess the effects of climate change like droughts and erratic rainfall on mental health of smallholder farmers in Palabana Farming Block. The study employed a mixed-method approach using both quantitative and qualitative techniques to gather data from 125 smallholder farmers. Quantitative methods consisted of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview as a structured questionnaire, surveys and statistical analysis. The responses from the questionnaires were coded and analyzed using STATA Statistical Package. Qualitative approaches consisted of interviews to assess the farmers’ experiences with climate-related challenges and their mental health. Additionally, the study explored coping mechanisms employed by farmers, including community-based support systems and adaptive farming strategies. Results showed high rates of depression (26.4%), anxiety (25.6%), trouble sleeping (24 %), and stress (21.6%) among smallholder farmers. Coping strategies such as alternative income activities and emotional support were common, yet not significantly linked to better mental health outcomes. Community programs like the Farmer Input Support Program (FISP) and savings groups were widely accessed but mental health services remained underutilized (5.6%). However, 70% of the farmers perceived community support as helpful. The findings suggest urgent need for integrated mental health and climate resilience programs to support farmers' psychological well-being in the midst of climate variability.
Eldie J. Bulajao, MPS, MPA, Loren E. Cotingjo, Settie Zarah V. Pegalan
Barangay treasurers play a significant role in the financial administration of local government units, particularly in managing public funds, preparing financial reports and ensuring fiscal accountability at the community level. This study was conducted to assess the financial management skills of barangay treasurers in Tangub City, Misamis Occidental using a descriptive-comparative design. Out of fifty-five (55) barangay treasurers in the city, forty-three (43) were selected through purposive sampling to serve as respondents. An adopted research questionnaire was used to collect data and was analyzed using weighted and arithmetic mean. Based on the result, it revealed that barangay treasurers demonstrated a very effective level of financial management skills, with “Depositing” receiving the highest mean score (3.74) and “Itemized Monthly Collections and Disbursements” the lowest (3.35), yet still within the “very effective” range. These results shows no significant differences in financial management skill levels when respondents were grouped by age, education, or length of service. Barangay Treasurers in Tangub City are generally well- equipped and competent in executing their financial responsibilities. Their strong performance across key financial domains highlights their capability in ensuring effective fiscal governance. This study recommends to implement regular training programs, especially for newly appointed personnel, to address skill gaps and ensure smooth transitions.
Allenton D. Allen Jr., Elijah Sayewaa, Isaiah Nuah, Norah N. Giddings, Woubu M. Darkparyoun
Climate change poses a critical threat to agricultural systems and food security worldwide, with particularly acute impacts in post-conflict nations like Liberia. This systematic literature review examines the impacts of climate change on Liberia's agricultural sector and identifies context-appropriate adaptation strategies. We analyzed 72 peer-reviewed articles and institutional reports (2011-2024) addressing agricultural productivity under climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa and West African contexts applicable to Liberia. The review synthesizes evidence on temperature increases, rainfall variability, drought stress, flooding, and pest proliferation, all of which significantly reduce crop yields in tropical agricultural systems. Key adaptation strategies identified include: crop diversification with drought- and flood-tolerant varieties, improved water management, adjusted planting calendars based on climate forecasts, agroforestry systems, conservation agriculture, integrated pest management, enhanced climate information services, and soil fertility management. These strategies, drawn from regional experiences and adapted to Liberia's post-conflict context, offer pathways to enhance agricultural resilience. However, significant research gaps remain regarding Liberia-specific climate impacts and the effectiveness of adaptation interventions under local conditions. This review provides evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, development partners, and researchers to support climate-resilient agricultural development in Liberia.
Alexander A. Makinano
Gender mainstreaming has been institutionalized in the Philippines through policies such as the Magna Carta of Women (RA 9710), the GAD Budget Policy, and the Harmonized Gender and Development Guidelines (HGDG). Yet, its implementation at the regional and local levels remains uneven, particularly in areas with complex development challenges like the Caraga Region. This study provides an evidence-based assessment of the relevance and effectiveness of gender mainstreaming policies and programs in Caraga, using a predominantly quantitative approach through a structured survey administered both online (Google Forms) and face-to-face. A total of 133 stakeholders participated, representing Regional Line Agencies (RLAs), Local Government Units (LGUs), State Universities and Colleges (SUCs), and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze respondent profiles, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), while thematic analysis enriched the interpretation of open-ended responses. Findings revealed high levels of awareness of GAD principles and gender-related laws, strong attitudinal support for gender equality and GBV prevention, but moderate familiarity with technical tools such as HGDG, GMEF, and gender-responsive budgeting. Respondents reported regular compliance with GAD planning and budgeting requirements, yet flagged gaps in fund utilization, outcome-based monitoring, and inclusivity of marginalized sectors. Key barriers identified include limited budgets, absence of full-time GAD staff, socio-cultural resistance, and weak inter-agency coordination. This study concludes that while the enabling environment for gender mainstreaming in Caraga is strong, systemic reforms and capacity enhancement are necessary to translate policy mandates into transformative outcomes. It recommends sustained technical training, increased and better-targeted GAD resource allocation, robust sex- and age-disaggregated data systems, year-round advocacy campaigns, and institutionalized coordination mechanisms to ensure that gender equality becomes a measurable and sustainable driver of regional development.
Amy Nadia Abdul Rashid, Noordiana Sukur, Siti Aishah Abd Razak
This study aims to examine the strength and direction of the relationship between the quality of cultural heritage tourism services and tourists' overall satisfaction in Melaka. The research includes six variables: Cuisine, Entertainment, Accommodation, Transportation, Knowledge, and Heritage Characteristics service. A survey was conducted through a quantitative method among 385 tourists in Melaka, Malaysia. Convenience sampling has been chosen for this research. Descriptive analysis and Pearson Correlation were conducted, and it was found that overall tourist satisfaction in Melaka is good. The results suggest that improving service quality, particularly in customer interaction and service efficiency, can lead to better overall tourist experience and higher satisfaction. This study offers recommendations for the tourism industry operators and the government to maintain and enhance Melaka's tourism destination competitiveness.
Elega, J.O, Katungu, S.W.
This study assessed risk attitudes and mitigation strategies of arable crop farmers in Semi-Arid Makueni County, Kenya. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in the selection of 163 respondents. Data were collected using research questionnaire and analyzed using frequency distribution and percentages, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression, safety first model and a 5-point likert scale. The results revealed that the major types of risk faced by arable crop farmers are production (93.3%) and climatic (89.6%), followed by market (74.2%), financial (66.9%) and institutional (50.9%) risks; about 65.6% of farmers were risk-averse, 23.9% risk-neutral and 10.4% risk-seeking. The OLS model indicated that education, farming experience, farm size and access to credit significantly influenced farmers’ economic performance while risk attitude coefficient had a negative effect. The result also showed that the farmers adopted low-cost, experience-based strategies (crop diversification, intercropping, drought-tolerant varieties and soil and water conservation), however, uptake of formal instruments like crop insurance (11%) remained low. The study concludes that smallholder farmers in semi-arid Kenya are highly risk-averse and rely on adaptive strategies grounded in social capital and indigenous knowledge and recommended strengthening agricultural extension, access to affordable credit and insurance literacy.
Nwagwu, Apollos Chuks, Ogbodo, Ogomegbunam Immaculate
Scientists wanted to find out if the soil around car repair shops in some neighborhoods in Nigeria has dirty metals in it. These metals can come from things like car parts and oils used at the workshops. To do this, they took small samples of dirt from four different areas where cars are fixed. They also took some samples from nearby places that weren’t car workshops to see what normal soil looks like. The scientists used special tools to measure how dirty the soil is and found that, overall, the soil is somewhat polluted, especially in one area called Rumuosi. Because of this, they think it’s important to make rules and take action to clean up the soil and keep the environment safe. They suggest that people who run the workshops should follow better practices to prevent more pollution and that cleaning the dirty soil would help make the environment healthier. They tested the soil to see how much of certain metals like lead, cadmium, manganese, iron, and copper were there. They found that these metals were in the soil, especially iron and manganese, and sometimes the levels were higher than in the clean areas. This means the soil near the workshops is getting polluted with these metals, likely because of the work done there
Noorezatty Mohd Yusop, Nur Adriyana Shafie
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted Malaysia’s vulnerability in ensuring food security, particularly through supply chain disruptions that caused shortages and price increases. Understanding how communities perceive and prepare for food security has become increasingly important in this context. This study examines the level of food security awareness within the Seremban community in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, and explores the association between demographic characteristics and awareness levels. 384 respondents were asked to self-assess their awareness, providing insight into their perceived understanding of food security issues. The findings indicate that 37.50% of participants reported a moderate level of awareness, 34.11% reported a high level, and 28.39% reported a low level of awareness. The Chi-Square Test of Independence revealed that age, gender, education, and household income were not significantly associated with awareness levels. However, the type of housing demonstrated a significant relationship (p = 0.012). The study recommends implementing tailored educational initiatives to enhance food security awareness within the community.
Catherine Mailu, Dr. Anne Mbwayo, Dr. Wambua Pius Muasa
Hearing impairment is frequently perceived negatively as it emphasizes what some humans are challenged with, and as such is regarded as a hidden disability because it is not visible and may pass unnoticed unlike the physical disability. This study investigated the association between hearing impairment and marital satisfaction among hearing impaired married individuals in Isinya, Kajiado County, Kenya. The study was guided by the social model theory (SMT) of disability promoted by a collection of organizations of disabled people in Britain and the social exchange theory (SET) is attributed to Carl Gasper (1958). Materials and Methods: The study employed the correlational research design. Simple random sampling technique was utilized to select 250 participants, usingKrejcie and Morgan’s (1970) formula. Data was collected using standardized questionnaires (the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA)) was used to collect information from the participants of the study and the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were collected using a structured questionnaire. The pre-testing sample of this study was carried out, 15 equivalents 10% of the sample size (151) was used for the pre-testing. Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) affirmed this procedure and recommended that 1-10% of pre-test sample was enough. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: The study captured a wide range of married individuals between 28-33 years old were at 43.1% (n = 69), while 1.9% (n = 3) were within the age range of 46-51 years old. The gender revealed that females were the highest participants at 55.6% (n = 89), while the males were at 44.4% (n= 71). On their level of education, 43.8% (n = 70) had certificate, while 26.3% (n = 41) had BA.The findings from descriptive statistical analysis demonstrated that 73% (n = 118) of the hearing-impaired married individuals in Isinya, Kajiado County Kenya, had a low score on marital satisfaction, while 5.6% (n = 2) of the hearing-impaired married individuals in Isinya, Kajiado County Kenya, had high level of marital satisfaction Conclusion: The finding suggests that communication barriers, social isolation, and possibly unmet emotional or practical needs are contributing to marital dissatisfaction of the hearing-impaired married individuals in Isinya, Kajiado County in Kenya.
Dee Jhay M. Parba
This study determined the significance of the influence of attitudes in the teaching profession and stress on teaching performance among elementary school teachers in the selected public elementary schools in Davao de Oro Division. This quantitative study employed particularly descriptive correlational design. Three adapted and validated survey instruments were used to determine the levels of attitudes in the teaching profession, stress, and teaching performance. Data gathered were then analyzed and interpreted. Mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson r, and multiple regression analysis were the statistical tools used for the data treatment. The results revealed that the level of attitudes in the teaching profession was rated very high. The level of stress was rated moderate and the level of teaching performance was rated very high. Further, attitudes in the teaching profession had a strongly positive relationship with teaching performance, and stress had a weak negative relationship with teaching performance. Furthermore, in a singular capacity, the result also showed that attitudes in the teaching profession was a significant predictor on teaching perfomance. Importantly, the combined influence of the two independent variables, attitudes in the teaching profession and stress on teaching performance was significant. An intervention plan was formulated to address attitudes in the teaching profession and stress affecting teaching performance.
Henry Kehinde Fasua, Olugbenga Jinadu, Samson Ademola Oladejo
This study explored how audit committee attributes influence the quality of audit in Nigerian listed manufacturing companies. It focused on the effects of committee independence, financial expertise, meeting frequency, and size. Using a descriptive research design, the study analyzed secondary data from 2014 to 2023, sourced from company reports and websites. Panel data techniques, using pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects models, were used for analysis. The results showed that audit committee independence and size had a significant positive impact on audit quality, while financial expertise and meeting frequency had a positive but insignificant effect. The study recommends that companies should enhance committee members' financial knowledge through training to improve audit oversight.
Roslinda Rosli, Siti Salizma Salleh, Zamri Mahamod
Augmented Reality (AR) has been recognized as a powerful tool for facilitating classroom instruction. This concept paper discussed the significance of integrating AR in mathematics teaching and learning to enhance students' conceptual understanding. Conceptual knowledge in mathematics is essential for comprehending the relationships among facts, principles, and procedures that support logical reasoning and problem-solving. However, Malaysian students' performance in mathematics has shown a concerning trend, partly due to traditional teaching approaches and low student interest. AR integration is viewed as an innovative approach that can enhance learning by making it more interactive, visual, and student-centered. This paper outlines the objectives, issues, challenges, and implications of AR used in mathematics education, and proposes strategies for effective implementation. Overall, AR has the potential to transform mathematics education, making it more relevant to the demands of 21st-century learning.
Beatrice Anyango Otieno, Dr. George Mathenge, Dr. Jesina Muthee
The purpose of this study was to assess availability of instructional resources in enhancing the social skills of learners with mild intellectual disabilities in Primary Schools’ units in Siaya County. Most learners with mild ID lack social skills, this is exhibited by challenges they face in the community. The study was premised on Vygotsky’s social development theory in its theoretical framework. In the study a mixed method approach with a focus on both qualitative and quantitative aspects was employed. The sample size constituted 10% of 24 schools, the total population of schools serving learners with mild intellectual disability. A total of 189 respondents from the research location made up the target population of the study comprised of (137) learners with intellectual disabilities who participated in the study, (12) head teachers were interviewed, 12 deputy headteachers and 29 teachers who completed the questionnaires. The researcher used purposive random sampling to select special units in public primary schools for learners with ID to take part in the study. The main research instruments, which were used, included open-ended questionnaires, interview guides and observation checklists. Validity was ensured through expert consultation from supervisors. Triangulation, piloting and test retest was adopted to increase reliability of qualitative data. After two weeks, the researcher picked up the completed surveys that were given to target schools. In Siaya county, one special unit for learners with intellectual disabilities served as the pilot site. Qualitative data collected was analyzed thematically and presented in narrative form quantitative data was analyzed by use of computer program, the statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 22 data was presented using descriptive statistic and presented in tables, graphs and charts. Quantitative data was gathered and analyzed thematically and given in a narrative form. From the study findings, it was indicated that the teachers were equipped with knowledge to teach social skills to learners with mild intellectual disability The study established that there is need for the availability of instructional resources to maintain learners’ attention, enhanced home practice by learners, increase the frequency of trainings, involve parents and significant others in the training programs, and recommends investment in adaptive technologies, improved teacher training, and partnerships between schools, NGOs, and government agencies.
Kartina M. Nasir, M. Khalid M. Nasir, N. Alia Arshad, N. Khairani Ismail, Soon Hong Yue, W. Anis Sufiah M. Hisham
This study aims to explore parents' perspectives on the balance between technology use and quality family time. In the current digital era, the use of technology, such as smartphones and computers, has become an integral part of families' daily routines. However, over-reliance on technology can disrupt social interactions and emotional relationships among family members. This study employs a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews involving five parents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected both face-to-face and online and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings identify three main themes: challenges in managing technology use within the family, parents' strategies in balancing technology use and family time, and the impact of imbalance on family well-being. Identified challenges include time constraints, work pressure, and screen addiction among children. Parents' strategies include setting screen-free times, engaging in technology-free family activities, and implementing flexible household rules. The effects of technological imbalance include disrupted emotional relationships, impaired children's social development, declining parental executive function, and increased media use among children. This study emphasizes the need for active parental involvement, self-control, and a structured approach in building a balance between technology use and quality family time. Its implications suggest that these findings can serve as a reference for parents, educators, and policymakers in efforts to support family well-being in the digital era.
Darell R. Pantoja, Dina Cura, Ferdinand Carlo D. Ebi, Jerie Vale Bautista, John Vincent Enaño, Khevyn P. Natividad
The study developed a web-based application called BarangayConnect, specifically designed to streamline barangay operations through digital transformation. The system provides a centralized platform that allows residents to request services—such as barangay clearances, certificates of residency, and identification cards—without physically visiting the barangay hall. This innovation benefits residents by reducing the time and effort required for document processing and assists barangay staff by minimizing manual paperwork and improving service efficiency. BarangayConnect was developed following the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Waterfall Model, ensuring a structured and systematic process across the stages of planning, analysis, design, development, testing, and deployment. The system is built using PHP, MySQL, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, resulting in a responsive and user-friendly interface accessible on both computers and mobile devices. It features automated request handling, record management, and report generation, all accessible through an intuitive dashboard for barangay staff. To support data-driven governance, the system integrates a Linear Regression Algorithm to analyze demographic and community data, allowing barangay officials to forecast population trends and predict service demands. This predictive component assists in strategic planning and resource allocation based on real-time data insights. The study utilized a developmental research design focused on system creation, testing, and evaluation. The Waterfall Model guided the project’s flow—starting with user requirement analysis, followed by system design using data flow and entity-relationship diagrams. The development phase involved coding and integration of both the front-end and back-end components using the chosen web technologies. During the testing phase, functionality and usability were verified through simulation of real barangay operations. The system’s quality and performance were evaluated using the ISO 25010 Software Quality Model, which assessed functionality, reliability, efficiency, usability, and portability. Data were gathered from fifty (50) respondents, equally divided between barangay staff/residents and technical experts. Their feedback provided quantitative and qualitative insights into the system’s effectiveness and areas for improvement. The results revealed an overall mean rating of 3.0 (Agree), indicating that the system is effective, accessible, and reliable. Respondents strongly agreed on its efficiency, usability, and portability, though enhancements were recommended to further improve system functionality and reliability. In conclusion, BarangayConnect successfully modernizes barangay operations through automation and analytics, fostering transparency, accessibility, and citizen engagement.
Mathew Saili
The Zambian manufacturing sector faces significant challenges in achieving global competitiveness, primarily due to the critically low adoption of formal Quality Management Systems (QMS). With less than 3% of registered manufacturing companies certified at the time of data collection, this study identifies and ranks the critical barriers hindering implementation. Adopting an integrated theoretical lens combining the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Institutional Theory, the research posits that adoption failure stems from a lack of coercive and normative external pressures coupled with critical deficiencies in internal, firm-specific resources and capabilities. Using a robust mixed-methods approach involving a survey of 94 manufacturing managers and 18 semi-structured interviews, the study empirically ranks Organisational barriers (high cost and lack of skilled personnel) as the most binding constraints. The analysis categorizes these barriers into gaps in Tangible (financial, technical), Intangible (top management commitment, knowledge), and Human Resources (skills, culture). Integrating rich qualitative insights substantiates these rankings and adds contextual depth. Understanding these barriers as resource and institutional gaps provides a structured basis for policymakers and managers to develop targeted strategies to build the necessary VRIO (Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, Organised) capabilities for sustained quality excellence.
Abdul Azim Abdul Rashid, Isma Addi Jumbri, Samer Ali Hussein Al-Shami
Digital entrepreneurship has emerged as a key enabler of economic inclusion, particularly for Persons with Disabilities (PWDs). In Malaysia, digital platforms offer opportunities for PWDs to overcome traditional physical and structural barriers; however, participation remains limited due to persistent challenges. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA framework and the PICo model to synthesise recent evidence on the barriers faced by Malaysian PWDs in digital entrepreneurship. Using the Scopus database, fifty studies were initially identified, and sixteen peer-reviewed articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for thematic analysis and quality appraisal using the JBI checklist. The findings reveal four interrelated categories of barriers—technological (limited access to assistive tools and digital infrastructure), psychological (low confidence and digital self-efficacy), institutional (weak policy implementation and limited training support), and social (stigma and exclusion from networks). These multidimensional barriers are mutually reinforcing, collectively restricting PWDs' ability to establish and sustain digital enterprises. The study highlights the importance of inclusive policies, enhanced digital accessibility, and empowerment-oriented capacity-building initiatives in supporting Malaysia's progress toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8 and 10, specifically decent work and reduced inequalities.
Alirio Melendez Romero, Zihan Zhou
While palliative and hospice care were generally well established in most developed countries, with many centres and professionals providing suitable care and treatments to patients in different situations, this type of treatment to patients in their final period of life is almost non-existing in most developing countries. There are many barriers that impeded the process of development of the palliative care in developing countries. In this paper we discuss the potential barriers to the implementation of palliative and hospice care in developing countries, including its moral implications. Here, we analyse key topics related to palliative and hospice care and analyse this special type of treatment through three perspectives: its definition and meaning, its potential barriers in developing countries, and its moral implications. We discuss the similarities and differences among these three terms: palliative, hospice, and curative care and go on to investigate the potential barriers that pose difficulties for this type of end-of-life care to establish in developing countries, especially China and India. We then go on to investigate the moral issues that involve in the practice of palliative care and discuss the critical concepts morality highlighting the typical moral challenges encountered when administering this type of care.
Cheng Haibao
Learning Management Systems (LMS) have become integral to higher education worldwide, yet their effective use is often hindered by various barriers. This mixed-methods study examines the key barriers to LMS usage in a Malaysian higher education context, integrating quantitative survey data with qualitative insights from interviews. The research identifies multiple impediments including limited digital literacy and confidence among users, inadequate training and technical support, infrastructure weaknesses (such as unreliable internet connectivity and insufficient access to devices), and a misalignment of LMS with existing pedagogical practices. Quantitative results indicate that a majority of instructors and students face challenges in these areas, while qualitative findings provide depth, revealing issues like resistance to change and preference for traditional teaching methods. The findings align with broader international literature and underscore that technical adoption alone does not guarantee effective LMS integration. This study highlights the need for comprehensive strategies – from improving user training and institutional support to upgrading infrastructure and encouraging pedagogical innovation – in order to overcome barriers and fully realize the potential of LMS in higher education.
Habibah Ahmad, Kadaruddin Aiyub, Nurul Fadhliah Binti Muhamad Din, Rosniza Aznie Che Rose, Zurinah Tahir.
Beach tourism is a recreational activity that is increasingly attracting both international and local tourists in many countries with natural coastal attractions. Beach tourism holds a unique appeal within the industry due to its beautiful natural geographical features, drawing tourists from both domestic and international markets. In Malaysia, beach tourism is no exception in capturing the interest of local tourists, including family tourists. One of the most renowned beaches for this segment is Pantai Cenang, Langkawi Island. This beach is said to possess both natural and man-made features, making it a significant attraction for visitors, particularly family tourists. This paper aims to identify the characteristics and activities of family tourists during their visits to Pantai Cenang, as well as to determine whether their satisfaction is influenced by natural features or man-made elements. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach, based on responses from 350 randomly selected domestic family tourists at Pantai Cenang, Langkawi Island. The theoretical approach adopted to guide this study is the Push and Pull Theory. The results revealed that family tourists visit Pantai Cenang primarily for family vacations. Their visits are filled with recreational activities, such as spending time with children and other family members and bonding activities. Additionally, the findings show that family tourist satisfaction at Pantai Cenang is largely driven by natural features, with an average score of 3.85, compared to man-made features, which scored an average of 3.80. Therefore, various important aspects must be addressed and improved to maintain tourist satisfaction, including ensuring the cleanliness, beauty, and comfort of the beach area, as well as providing adequate facilities throughout the beach experience to encourage repeat visits from tourists.
Amal Makni Turki, Molka Triki
Artificial intelligence (AI) is now a central player in interactions between brands and consumers, but its intensive use can generate cognitive, emotional, and relational fatigue, which has been little explored in marketing literature. This research aims to understand AI-fatigue and identify its constituent dimensions through consumers' experiences. An exploratory qualitative approach was adopted, based on 22 semi-structured interviews with regular users of AI, including chatbots, voice assistants, and recommendation systems. Thematic analysis revealed that AI fatigue unfolds along cognitive, emotional, relational, and ethical dimensions, leading in particular to information overload, feelings of dehumanization, and changes in strategies for interacting with technologies. This study makes a theoretical contribution by proposing an integrative conceptualization of AI fatigue and offers practical insights for designing more balanced and sustainable interactions between consumers and intelligent technologies.
Henna A. Qureshi, Maham Mughal
In an era defined by digital transformation, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fundamentally reshaping the world of work and redefining the notion of career readiness. As industries integrate intelligent systems into their operations, higher education must evolve to equip students with the competencies required to navigate the AI-driven landscape. This qualitative study examines undergraduates’ perceptions of AI’s impact on employability, skill development, and future career preparation within the context of Pakistan’s higher education system. Using purposive and snowball sampling, twenty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with final-year students across STEAM disciplines. The data were analyzed through Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA) to identify patterns in how learners interpret AI’s role in shaping future career pathways. Findings indicate that students perceive AI as both an opportunity and a challenge, enhancing efficiency, innovation, and access to knowledge, while also raising concerns about its ethical, technical, and adaptability implications. Participants emphasized the growing need for hybrid skill sets that blend technological fluency with human capabilities such as creativity, communication, and critical thinking. The study provides a framework, illustrating what is currently happening in the labour market and what needs to be done to learn to foster sustainable employability in an evolving job market.
Aisyah Hani Mohd Habali, Bazrina Ramly, Khaleda Alia Mohamad Jamil, Nur Amalina Zaharudin, Nur Hanani Nordin, Nur Syafiqah Abdul Kadar, Nur Zulaikha Mat Kamil
A novel pedagogical approach was investigated to simultaneously enhance English language proficiency and executive function in kindergarten children. A synergistic curriculum, titled "Beyond Cliche," was implemented, wherein challenging language instruction was intentionally alternated with engaging, game-like cognitive tasks. A pre-test and post-test intervention design involving 37 kindergarten children was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of this dual approach. The quantitative results demonstrated significant program effectiveness in linguistic domains, as determined by paired samples t-tests. Marked improvement was observed in both vocabulary knowledge and the correct application of Subject-Verb Agreement (SVA) rules following program participation. The hypothesized link between cognitive skills and learning acquisition was substantiated through Pearson correlation analysis. A strong association was identified between cognitive efficiency, measured by quick and proficient completion of cognitive control tasks, and the magnitude of gains in English grammar (SVA). The mechanism supporting the program's success was illuminated by qualitative feedback, which reported participant enjoyment and appreciation for the cognitive games. These activities served as a welcome, interesting break from more demanding language practice. Sustained engagement was deemed critical to the observed academic gains. The conclusion is drawn that blending language instruction with dedicated cognitive exercises creates a resilient and supportive learning environment, confirming that enhanced core thinking skills are intrinsically linked to accelerating language acquisition in young learners.
Ida Rahayu Mahat, Marziana Abdul Malib, Mimi Sofiah Ahmad Mustafa, Mohd Ab Malek Md Shah, Nasihah Naimat, Yuhanza Binti Othman
The rapid spread of fake news, misinformation, and defamation in the digital age has emerged as a major concern for Malaysia, endangering public trust, social stability, and national security. Fake news, as opposed to accurate information, spreads faster due to its sensational and shareable nature. This article examines the interaction between effective communication strategies and Malaysia's legal system in addressing fake news and defamation. Utilizing a qualitative method via documentary content analysis, the research analyzed primary legal documents and scholarly articles. The study was conducted thematically, resulting in three core dimensions: (i) the importance of effective communication, (ii) the role of law, and (iii) challenges and ramifications. The findings indicate that while legal provisions under the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998, the Penal Code, the Defamation Act 1957, and the Sedition Act 1948 provide deterrence and remedial functions, effective communication, which emphasizes transparency, credible official channels, and media literacy, serves as a preventive measure. The repeal of the Anti-Fake News Act (2020) highlights the tension between restrictions and freedom of speech, requiring careful judicial interpretation to avoid overly stringent regulations. The study emphasizes that depending on either legal or communicative frameworks is inadequate; rather, a harmonious combination of both is necessary. Strategic recommendations include regional ASEAN cooperation, public-private partnerships for rapid response mechanisms, rigorous media literacy education, and ongoing legislative changes to address new digital threats such as deepfakes. This dual approach provides a comprehensive framework for protecting Malaysian society against misinformation while upholding democratic values and freedom of expression.
Magalona, Klent Vincent A, Matutino, Nida P
This qualitative phenomenological study aimed to explore the lived experiences of 17 community-based ecotourism (CBET) workers in Davao de Oro, Philippines. Using purposive and snowball sampling, participants were selected to participate in in-depth interviews. The gathered data were transcribed and analyzed thematically through systematic coding and categorization to identify core themes. The study pursued three main inquiries: lived experiences, coping mechanisms of community-based ecotourism workers with the challenges of everyday realities in the community, and insights shared by participants regarding the benefits and challenges experienced by communities with CBET. Based on the understanding of the lived experiences of CBET workers, seven major themes emerged: embedded local stewardship, shared operational preparedness, cultivating sustainable practices, exhausting resource constraints, encountering difficult tourists, precarious labor realities, and governance power struggles. Concerning the coping mechanisms of CBET Workers with the challenges of everyday realities in the community, three major themes emerged: composed service adaptability, collective issue resolution, and adaptive livelihood practices. Regarding the insights the participants shared about the benefits and challenges experienced by communities with CBET, five major themes emerged: empowered community engagement, shared community resilience, heritage-inspired stewardship, strategic tourism planning, and sustainable development priorities.
Cesar Antoine Kamel, Richard Hanna Beainy
This study aims to provide an informative and unbiased scientifical comparison of the Biden and Trump presidencies for the American public, global media, and scholars. Using modern technology and utilizing official data sources from the U.S. Government, Federal Reserve, World Bank, and United Nations, the study ran hypothesis testing and Welsh t-tests on various societal indicators like war casualties and economic metrics like debt and unemployment. Empirical evidence suggested that debt growth and death tolls are better (lower) during a trump term, however in terms of unemployment the difference is not statistically significant, even though numerically unemployment is slightly lower during a trump term. Finally, a Million scenario analysis took place according to which financial prosperity in the United states is probable on the short term.
Ahmad Fazlan Ahmad Zamri, Azmir Mamat Nawi, Nur ‘Aisyah ‘Awatif Binti Mohamad ‘Ashri
This research addresses the growing global challenge of plastic waste, resource depletion, and industrial reliance on non-renewable materials by exploring the potential of eggshell powder (ESP) as a biodegradable and renewable alternative in sustainable product design. Although significant progress has been made in biopolymer and composite development, much of the research remains fragmented, with limited integration of material science findings into industrial design frameworks. The aim of this study is to conceptualize the role of ESP in advancing biodegradable materials and renewable materials innovation within the context of sustainable product design. Adopting a mixed-method conceptual approach, the study synthesizes recent empirical findings, analyzes laboratory-based performance data, and reviews relevant theoretical frameworks including eco-design and circular economy models. Findings indicate that ESP can enhance barrier and thermal properties in bioplastics, improve compressive strength in cementitious systems at low substitution levels, and serve as a precursor for higher-value applications such as hydroxyapatite production. However, performance trade-offs remain, particularly in tensile strength and workability, and challenges persist in scaling, dispersion, and user-centered adoption. The study implies that ESP has strong potential for integration into sustainable manufacturing and design practices, particularly in Malaysia where eggshell waste is abundant. It concludes that bridging technical optimization with circular economy strategies and design-for-sustainability principles will be critical to transforming ESP from laboratory experimentation into viable industrial practice.
Dr. Edlyn V. Malusay, Dr. Rogen A. Doronila
This study investigates the synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using base-catalyzed transesterification with different alcohols: methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol. The primary objective is to evaluate the biodiesel yield and its physicochemical properties, including pH, color, density, acid value, and water content, under various molar ratios of oil to alcohol. Methanol emerged as the most effective alcohol, with a biodiesel yield of up to 98% achieved. This biodiesel exhibited favorable properties such as a low acid value and an optimal pH, making it suitable for fuel applications. Ethanol and 2-propanol, however, did not perform well under the tested conditions, yielding lower biodiesel amounts and exhibiting suboptimal physicochemical properties. The results emphasize the critical role of the oil-to-alcohol ratio in the production of high-quality biodiesel, with methanol showing superior performance compared to other alcohols. By optimizing this ratio, the study contributes valuable insights into improving biodiesel yield and quality. These findings are significant for the development of sustainable biodiesel production techniques, contributing to global efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and promote renewable energy solutions. By demonstrating the potential of green chemistry, the study advanced sustainable energy solutions through the production of high-quality biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Furthermore, by optimizing the methanol-to-oil ratio and adhering to European standards, the research highlighted how green chemistry can drive innovation toward a more sustainable energy future.
Alfa Yakubu, Bernard Ojonugwa Anthony, Lawal, Ibrahim Ozomata, Moses G. Danpome, Mustapha Muktar
This research examines the impact of financial allocations for biomass energy on Nigeria's electricity output, a vital element for the country's economic growth. Using an ex-post facto research design, the analysis employs a chronological series of data from 1986 to 2022, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria's Statistical Bulletin, various national agencies, and the World Development Indicators. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method is used to analyse both long-term and short-term relationships between electricity production and several explanatory variables, including biomass energy funding, government spending on the power sector, energy financing from commercial banks, energy-related foreign aid, and electricity consumption. The results reveal that, over the long term, investment in biomass energy, government commitments to the electricity industry, and renewable energy financing from commercial banks all significantly influence Nigeria’s electricity generation. Conversely, foreign aid for renewable energy does not show a statistically significant effect. In the short term, only electricity consumption has a strong and significant causal effect on generation capacity, while the other factors do not exhibit immediate influence. The ARDL Bounds test confirms a stable, cointegrated long-run relationship among all variables, and the error correction term indicates that any deviations from this equilibrium are corrected at an annual rate of 52.2%, demonstrating a considerable level of stability within the model. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of targeted biomass energy funding as a practical solution to Nigeria's electricity generation challenges, underscoring the need for strategic policy reforms to improve investment and development in the country's renewable energy sector.
Emmanuel Achori, Timothy Olaniyi
This systematic review explores the potential applications of blockchain technology within the financial operations of the UK's National Health Service (NHS), specifically focusing on its impact on general ledgers. The NHS, a complex and vast healthcare system, faces significant financial management challenges, including data fragmentation, inefficiencies in transaction processing, and issues with transparency and auditability. Blockchain, with its inherent characteristics of decentralization, immutability, and cryptographic security, offers a promising paradigm for addressing these issues. This paper systematically reviews the opportunities that blockchain presents for enhancing financial transparency, streamlining payment processes, improving data integrity, and reducing administrative overhead in NHS general ledgers. Concurrently, it critically examines the significant challenges to its adoption, including regulatory hurdles, interoperability concerns, scalability limitations, and the substantial investment required for implementation and training. By synthesizing current literature and identifying key themes, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding for policymakers, financial managers, and technology innovators within the NHS regarding the strategic implications of integrating blockchain into healthcare finance.
Farah Amalin Mohd Noor, Mazlifa Md Daud, Mohd Faizal Jamaludin, Mohd Suhaimi Mohamed Ariffin
Ethical transparency in the private healthcare sector is a growing concern, particularly in Malaysia, where governance disclosures on hospital websites remain inconsistent. Despite regulatory advancements, limited studies have examined the influence of board-level governance and human governance attributes on the disclosure of integrity-related information in digital platforms. This study aims to conceptualize a governance-integrity framework that integrates board characteristics, human governance, audit risk committee effectiveness, and ownership concentration as key drivers of online integrity disclosure. Using a narrative review methodology, the study systematically analysed 19 peer-reviewed articles sourced from the Scopus database. Thematic synthesis was applied to identify conceptual patterns across governance practices, ethical leadership traits, and digital reporting behaviours. Findings suggest that while board structure and independence play foundational roles, human governance which include ethical values and professional background of board members, exerts a significant yet underexplored influence. The audit risk committee was found to mediate governance effectiveness, while ownership concentration moderated transparency outcomes. This framework contributes theoretically by extending agency and stakeholder theory into the digital disclosure. Practically, it recommends the formal integration of human governance indicators into board assessment tools and the strategic implementation of digital integrity dashboards on hospital websites. This study offers new insight into how healthcare institutions can improve ethical accountability by addressing governance mechanisms holistically.
Donald Cyndyl L. Miguel, DBM, Felixberto Dominic B. Eruela, MSBA, Joan M. Arado, DBM, Leopich Gerald M. Moreno, Rodel L. Oclaret, DBA, Rosalie C. Gemina, MBA
Bookkeeping serves as the backbone of financial transparency and sustainability among small and medium enterprises (SMEs), yet many in developing economies face challenges in maintaining accurate financial records. This study examined the relationship between bookkeeping practices and business performance among SMEs in Agusan del Sur, Philippines, emphasizing the importance of effective financial management in fostering growth and competitiveness. Using a descriptive–correlational research design, data were collected through a validated survey questionnaire administered to SME owners and managers. Descriptive and inferential analyses were employed to determine the extent of bookkeeping practices and their influence on business performance. Results revealed that SMEs generally demonstrated a high level of bookkeeping practices, particularly in recording daily transactions and preparing financial reports, while the use of accounting software was only moderate. Business performance was also rated high, especially in profitability and operational efficiency. Furthermore, a significant positive relationship was found between bookkeeping practices and business performance, suggesting that accurate record-keeping enhances decision-making, profitability, and operational stability. The findings highlight the essential role of systematic bookkeeping in ensuring SME success and recommend that local government units and business support agencies promote continuous training on computerized bookkeeping and financial literacy to strengthen entrepreneurial financial capability
Njoku, Chinwendu Shedrack, Nwogu Boniface Kelechi
Nigeria’s vast and porous land and maritime borders pose major challenges to effective border management, significantly contributing to the country’s insecurity. The numerous unofficial crossing points, difficult terrains, and limited surveillance systems enable illicit activities such as small arms proliferation, terrorism, human and drug trafficking, cattle rustling, and irregular migration. These transnational crimes worsen internal conflicts and criminal networks. Weaknesses in Nigeria’s border governance—stemming from inadequate funding, corruption, poor inter-agency coordination, and weak political commitment—have created opportunities for groups like Boko Haram, bandits, and secessionists to smuggle weapons, recruit fighters, and conduct cross-border attacks. The unchecked movement of people and goods also strains local economies, heightens ethnic tensions, and deepens socio-economic instability in border regions. This study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to border security that integrates advanced surveillance technologies, intelligence gathering, inter-agency cooperation, regional partnerships, and community engagement. Strengthening the capacity of border personnel and addressing the marginalization of border communities are vital for building trust and enhancing security. Effective border management, therefore, is essential not only for combating insecurity but also for achieving lasting peace and sustainable national development.
Aremanda Tushara, Gopi Sathya Srinivas Narayanam
This paper explore the animated film Over the Hedge representing vivid exploration dynamics among a diverse group of animal characters as they navigate survival in suburban environments. Keeping Daniel G. Amens principle from Change your Brain, Change your life, this paper examines how emotional responses such as fear, impulsivity, aggression, anxiety and empathy of the main characters in the animated film represent their characters. Amen gives understand that true happiness is not from external rewards but from stable brain chemistry and healthy emotional strength. In Over the Hedge, the characters' pursuit of happiness is portrayed through their responses to new and challenging environments. Despite of fear, conflict, anger characters of the film shows the journey of happiness in their life. Analysing animated films emotional portrayals with Amen's framework helps a deeper understanding of the connection between brain health and emotional life, in Over the Edge Characters depict their emotions to an extent This aligns with Amen's core belief that emotional well -being starts with nurturing a health brain.
Emre Demirok
In today’s digital economy, creating a strong brand is critically important for IT sector entrepreneurs in terms of sustainable growth and competitive advantage. However, many technology ventures founded primarily on technical expertise encounter various challenges in implementing branding processes. This study aims to analyze the extent to which digital enterprises operating in the IT sector are able to implement branding strategies, and to identify the factors that facilitate or hinder this process. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the factors affecting the applicability of branding were evaluated through a multi-criteria approach. Based on expert opinions, the criteria—management vision, financial capacity, human resource competence, strategic alignment, marketing ability, and technical expertise—were weighted and prioritized. The findings indicate that, in addition to entrepreneurs’ level of awareness regarding branding, tangible obstacles in the implementation process (such as budget constraints and lack of expertise) are also decisive. The study contributes both to academic literature and provides strategic guidance for technology ventures.
Christopher Kabwe Mukuka
This study critically examines gender equality and advocacy in Africa, focusing on the historical, cultural, social, and economic factors shaping women’s experiences across the continent. By integrating empirical cases from West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria), Southern Africa (Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa), and East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania), the study highlights the diverse challenges and successes in promoting women’s empowerment within varied regional contexts. These case studies reveal how factors such as colonial legacies, patriarchal social norms, educational disparities, and unequal access to healthcare continue to impede women’s full participation in societal, political, and economic spheres.
Gloria Laraba SHODA, Jerry Sankay OBOH, Normazidah Che MUSA, Zarina OTHMAN
Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a pervasive violation of human rights in Nigeria, reinforced by patriarchal norms, weak institutions, and inadequate legal protection. This study examines the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act (VAPP) of 2015 as a transformative legal framework for addressing GBV and advancing women’s rights in Nigeria. Using a qualitative research design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis across four states, Lagos, Bauchi, Kaduna, and Ebonyi, selected to represent diverse sociocultural and institutional contexts. Findings reveal that while the VAPP Act has expanded the legal definitions of violence and improved access to justice in states like Lagos and Bauchi, its overall effectiveness is constrained by inconsistent domestication, low awareness, inadequate institutional capacity, and cultural resistance. States with stronger political commitment and inter-agency coordination demonstrate better outcomes for survivors. The study concludes that the VAPP Act’s potential as a catalyst for women’s rights can only be realised through context-sensitive implementation, enhanced public education, sustained funding, and survivor-led advocacy to ensure equal protection under the law.
Dr Ummi Farhani binti Firdaus, Nurul Aqmal bin Roslan, Siti Mahanisayu binti Marhaban, W Fatimah Hanun binti Wan Mohamad Saferdin
Malaysia’s smart-city agenda under My DIGITAL and the Twelfth Malaysia Plan is accelerating the deployment of data-driven urban systems. Yet the same data flows that power innovation can affect citizens’ privacy and trust if not governed well. This paper proposes a two-part framework for Malaysian local authorities: a collaborative governance architecture that formalises multi‑stakeholder roles, and a Dynamic Privacy Impact Assessment (DPIA) cycle that manages privacy risk across the lifecycle of smart-city systems. This study using mixed methods (interviews, document analysis, survey), by test three hypotheses across multiple Malaysian cities and find that (i) formalised councils and clear accountability correlate with faster innovation and fewer privacy incidents; (ii) DPIA maturity is positively associated with citizen trust and earlier risk mitigation; and (iii) effects are moderated by city digital readiness and institutional capacity. It had been conclude with a practical blueprint to operationalise privacy‑by‑design without delay the urban innovation. [1], [3], [8], [12], [13], [18].
Candida S. Punla, Rosemarie C. Farro
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented disruptions in the lives of people all over the world and the herculean challenge was how to continue teaching and learning beyond the usual face-to-face instruction, hence the release of CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) 04, series of 2020 containing the Guidelines on the Implementation of Flexible Learning. The aim of this study is to determine whether the Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) program graduates of Bataan Peninsula State University Dinalupihan Campus (BPSU-DC) Batch 2022 have fulfilled the requirements outlined in CMO No. 74 series of 2017 (Policies, Standards and Guidelines for BEEd Program), while adhering to CMO 04 series of 2020 guidelines. This study uses the convergent parallel design in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected simultaneously but analyzed separately, and the results are merged or integrated and allow for the collection of rich, detailed data and provides a comprehensive understanding of the research problem. The result of the quantitative and qualitative analysis indicates that the least learned competencies of the BEEd graduates include the Skills in Communication, Higher Order Thinking Skills, Use of Tools and Technology to Accelerate Learning and Teaching, Utilizing Appropriate Assessment and Evaluation Tools, In-depth Understanding of Learners in various learning areas and that they need to improve their competencies in terms of Personal and Professional Development. Significant difference is not evident in terms of In-depth Understanding of Learners; Pedagogical Content Knowledge; Assessment and Evaluation; Communication, Higher Order Thinking, and Technology; Attributes of Model Teacher; Personal and Professional Development; thus, failing to reject the null hypothesis. The analysis's conclusion also suggests that the BEEd graduates' self-evaluations align with those of their cooperating teachers and coordinators, confirming the graduates' actual and true level of competency. Based on the results of the analysis, the following are suggested as Contextualized Input in Aid for development of Extension Program: Mentor-Mentee engagement, Personal Engagement in Learning, On-the-Job Training (OJT), Attending Training Seminars, Practicing for Improvement. Of the 122 respondents, 62 are the BEEd graduates-respondents, while 60 are Cooperating Teachers and Coordinators.
Nasiru Sani Ibrahim, Umar Haiyat Abdul Kohar
The importance of entrepreneurial intention has been widely recognised as veritable and reliable predictor of entrepreneurial action, However, many individuals who intend to start businesses fail to act accordingly. This problem, known as the intention–action gap, has become a major concern in entrepreneurship studies. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and positive psychology, this conceptual paper explores entrepreneurial optimism as a moderating variable that can bridge this intention-action gap. Entrepreneurial optimism can be defined as a positive cognitive bias toward expecting favorable outcomes thereby enhancing persistence, confidence, and resilience under uncertainty. This study integrates TPB with psychological capital theory to propose a model in which optimism strengthens the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial action. The By synthesized insights from recent and established studies, this study extends TPB’s explanatory power and offers a more psychologically grounded understanding of entrepreneurial action. The paper also outlines implications for entrepreneurship education and policy in developing economies like Nigeria, particularly regarding programs that inculcate and cultivate optimism among young entrepreneurs. The paper concludes with calls for empirical validation to further examine optimism’s moderating role and other psychological factors in the intention–action relationship.
Noor Faiza M Ja’afar, Nor Adila Zulkifli
This conceptual paper examines into the intricate budgeting and forecasting challenges confronting Electric Vehicle (EV) startups as they navigate a capital-intensive market characterized by rapid innovation and systemic uncertainty. The path to commercialization is filled with financial perils, includes high upfront costs associated with EV manufacturing, the expense of battery components, which constitutes a significant portion of the bill of materials and directly impacts pricing strategies and margin projections. Adding to this issue are demand uncertainty and market volatility; startups must forecast sales in a nascent market where consumer adoption depends on number of factors, which are largely beyond their control. Simultaneously, their financial models must account for severe supply-side constraints, including critical mineral scarcity for batteries and recurring semiconductor shortages, which create unpredictable production bottlenecks and volatile input costs that can devastate a carefully planned budget. The external ecosystem presents another layer of complexity, as massive infrastructure gaps in public charging networks necessitate co-investment and strategic partnerships, demanding innovative business model innovation to share risks and costs. Perhaps the most formidable forecasting variable is the pervasive influence of government. Startups must build flexible financial scenarios that can adapt to the sudden introduction, alteration, or expiration of purchase incentives, tax credits, and emissions regulations, which can instantly alter the competitive landscape and value proposition. Consequently, this paper contends that traditional financial planning is insufficient. Achieving viability requires EV startups to develop dynamic, multi-faceted forecasting models that integrate real-time risk assessments from the supply chain, policy arena, and consumer markets.
Aida A.Rahman, Noor Khairin Nawwarah Khalid
This study investigates the mediating role of crisis response strategy in the relationship between students’ preparedness and crisis communication competency among undergraduates in a Malaysian higher education. Grounded in Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), the research adapts three core constructs namely crisis type identification, responsibility attribution, and strategic response selection to an educational context. A total of 419 undergraduate students from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia has participated in a cross-sectional survey. Using Hayes’ PROCESS macro (Model 4), mediation analyses revealed that crisis response strategy significantly mediated all three hypothesised pathways: understanding of crisis types (H1), perceived preparedness (H2), and responsibility attribution (H3). Partial mediation was observed in H1 and H3, while H2 demonstrated full mediation. These findings highlight the central role of strategic application in transforming students’ cognitive, ethical, and experiential readiness into effective crisis communication performance. The study extends SCCT beyond organizational actors to pre-professional learners and emphasizes the influence of collectivist cultural norms on responsibility framing and strategy selection. Practical implications for curriculum reform include integrating simulation-based learning and culturally responsive pedagogy into communication education. The findings contribute to theory by repositioning SCCT as both a diagnostic and developmental framework within higher education.
Ahmad Mukhlas Ibrahim, Hanifah Moksin, Simranpreet Kaur Hansaram
The robust global growth of women-led Small and Medium Enterprises (SME), particularly in developing economies like Malaysia, highlights an essential yet under-realized economic potential. In Malaysia, women-led SME contribute significantly to gross output, but their overall GDP contribution remains below potential, constrained by systemic barriers. This qualitative study, framed by the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Psychological Capital (PsyCap) theories, investigates how Malaysian women SME entrepreneurs utilize their strengths and resources to overcome business challenges and foster resilience. Employing thematic analysis on data from focus group discussions with women entrepreneurs in Selangor, Malaysia, the study reveals a dynamic, synergistic process. Entrepreneurs draw upon their PsyCap (hope, efficacy, optimism, resilience) as an invaluable internal resource (Proactive Adaptation and Strategic Agency). This inner strength, in turn, drives the strategic mobilization of external, RBV-aligned resources, notably through Relational Resilience (support networks) and the use of Fuel for the Journey (customer affirmation and market validation). The findings establish that PsyCap and RBV are not independent but are mutually reinforcing, forming a virtuous cycle that transforms adversity into competitive advantage. The study’s key theoretical contribution is the integration of these frameworks, demonstrating how internal psychological resources drive the acquisition of external strategic resources, which then renew and strengthen the psychological capital. Practically, the results advocate for policies that not only enhance financial resources but also strengthen the psychological resilience of women entrepreneurs to unlock their full economic potential.
Arief Febrianto, Rita Kusuma Astuti, Seno Setyo Pujonggo, Virra Wirdhiningsih
This quantitative study investigates the effectiveness of the Indonesian government's 'Zona Integritas' (Integrity Zone) program (WBK/WBBM) as a core bureaucratic reform initiative within Immigration Services, focusing on its influence on public service quality and subsequent public trust. While the Integrity Zone program mandates structural changes to combat corruption, its ultimate success depends on how these changes are perceived by the citizens it serves. Utilizing a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach based on data from 285 service users, the study yielded three critical findings. First, the implementation of the Integrity Zone components significantly and positively influences perceived Public Service Quality (H1 supported, β=0.650). Second, Public Service Quality is confirmed as the strongest determinant of Public Trust (H2 supported, β=0.780). Most notably, the analysis confirmed full mediation: the Integrity Zone implementation does not directly foster public trust (H3 rejected, p=0.058), but rather builds trust indirectly by producing tangible improvements in service quality (H4 supported). This means structural reforms only gain public confidence when their positive effects are directly felt at the frontline. Further analysis revealed that components promoting procedural clarity and strengthening supervision were the most effective levers for improvement, while efforts toward cultural change showed the weakest impact. In conclusion, the ZI program is a vital input strategy, but its sustained success hinges on prioritizing measurable Service Quality, which is the proven pathway to Public Trust.
Md.Quamrul Ahsan Talukder
Capacity building of mid-level civil servants is a crucial component of enhancing public sector efficiency and ensuring effective governance in Bangladesh. The Advanced Course on Administration and Development (ACAD) offered at Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre (BPATC) plays a significant role in equipping officers with essential knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for leadership, policy formulation, and service delivery. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ACAD in strengthening the competencies of mid-level government officials while identifying challenges and future prospects. Data were collected from both primary sources, including Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with officials who directly participated in or facilitated the course. Findings suggest that ACAD contributes positively to improving analytical capacity, leadership skills, and decision-making abilities among officers. However, challenges such as limited technological integration, resource constraints, curriculum modernization needs, and variations in participant engagement remain significant barriers. The study also highlights the necessity of aligning training contents with global best practices, introducing advanced ICT-based modules, and strengthening follow-up mechanisms to measure post-training performance. Overall, the research emphasizes that ACAD at BPATC holds strong potential for transforming mid-level civil servants into more capable leaders if strategic reforms and sustained investment in training programs are ensured.
Oluchi Jane Maduka
This study examines the transformative role of government-funded Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) in enhancing the competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. As Nigeria advances its digital economy agenda, DIHs have been introduced as strategic mechanisms to stimulate innovation, strengthen entrepreneurial capacity, and expand digital participation among SMEs. Despite their growing relevance, limited empirical attention has been devoted to understanding how DIHs impact SME performance in developing contexts. Drawing on secondary data including government policy reports, SME surveys, and development agency publications, this paper explores the impact of DIHs on SME digital adoption, productivity, and innovation capacity across diverse regions in Nigeria. Guided by Innovation Systems Theory, the Inclusive Innovation Framework, and the Resource-Based View (RBV), the study evaluates DIH outcomes through systemic coordination, equity, and capability-building lenses. Findings indicate that DIHs facilitate knowledge diffusion, skill enhancement, and digital adoption, contributing to improved market access and productivity among beneficiary SMEs. However, benefits remain uneven, with DIHs concentrated in urban and southern regions, limiting equitable participation for rural, informal-sector, and northern-based enterprises. The study recommends expanding DIH coverage, strengthening institutional coordination, and implementing culturally and regionally responsive digital inclusion strategies. This research contributes to emerging scholarship on innovation infrastructure in developing economies and offers practical implications for policymakers, development practitioners, and SME stakeholders seeking to build inclusive and competitive digital ecosystems.
Nurul Aisyah Kamrozzaman, Thilagavathy Mohan
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced a global experiment in remote education, creating an unprecedented opportunity to examine the long-term integration of digital tools in teaching. This qualitative case study explores how teachers at an international school in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, perceived and adapted to blended learning during and after the pandemic. Using semi-structured interviews and reflective journals from 10 primary teachers, data were analyzed thematically through the lenses of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. Findings indicate a significant evolution in teacher perceptions, transitioning from initial resistance and anxiety toward growing confidence and recognition of digital tools' pedagogical value. Key challenges persisted, including technical infrastructure issues, student engagement, and increased workload. Despite these, teachers strategically sustained a core repertoire of digital tools for formative assessment, collaboration, and feedback, embedding them into post-pandemic practice. Institutional support, through targeted training and professional learning communities, was a critical enabler for this transition; however, a gap remained in long-term, pedagogy-focused professional development. The study concludes that the pandemic served as a catalyst for a durable digital transformation, where blended learning has become a sustained element of instructional practice. To ensure its continued success, school leaders must invest in robust infrastructure, advanced pedagogical training, and supportive leadership to ensure blended learning is both high-quality and equitable.
Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed Al-Haddar, Hussein Ali Abdullah Al-Thulaia, Kasimah binti Kamaruddin, Nur Sakiinah binti Ab Aziz, Tasnim binti Abdul Rahman
Tahfiz education for the visually impaired (People with Disabilities - OKU) is increasingly gaining attention in contemporary Islamic education discourse, but its implementation still faces various challenges. This study aims to examine critical issues in tahfiz education for the visually impaired (OKU) in Malaysia based on an analysis of interviews with subject matter experts. The methodology of this study uses a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews followed by reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis results indicate that there are five main issues hindering the effectiveness of inclusive tahfiz education. The five issues are: the absence of a feeder system at the secondary level, rigid entry requirements of tahfiz institutions, misalignment between the Malaysian Braille mushaf and the Madinah’s mushaf, a shortage of trained specialist teachers in Braille Qur'anic pedagogy, and a societal mindset that still underestimates the potential of visually impaired students. Although policies such as the Zero Reject Policy and the Action Plan for Religious Agencies for Muslim Persons with Disabilities 2024–2028 have been established, their implementation at the institutional level is still not comprehensive. The discussion found that these issues are closely related to the structure of the education system, weaknesses in teacher training, and the psychosocial challenges faced by students. The article outlines several important strategies, including developing clear educational pathways, providing alternative admission assessments for tahfiz institutions, standardizing the Braille mushaf, enhancing teacher training, and encouraging community advocacy. This study concludes with a recommendation to strengthen multi-agency collaboration among the government, JAKIM, tahfiz institutions, NGOs, and the private sector to successfully achieve truly inclusive and sustainable tahfiz education. These findings have important implications for the development of Islamic education policies in Malaysia and contribute to the global literature on Quranic education for the visually impaired community.
Gatwech Koak Nyuon, Malual Kuony Malual
This study explores the challenges affecting unaccompanied refugee children in Jewi refugee camp, located in Gambella, Ethiopia, and it examines the institutional responses to these challenges. Employing a constructivist philosophical stance and a single case study design, the research utilized purposive sampling to collect data from unaccompanied children, their caregivers, and social work practitioners. Data were collected through interviews with twenty unaccompanied refugee children and five key informants, supplemented by a focus group discussion involving twenty-four children, equally divided by gender (twelve males and twelve females). Thematic analysis identified tribal conflict, geographical proximity, and family disintegration as the primary drivers of child migration to Ethiopia. Although the children have access to education and basic healthcare, the findings indicate persistent hardships. These include environmental and psychological challenges, restrictions on extracurricular engagement, cultural disparities, rigid gender norms, limited training opportunities, and inadequacies in health services. The study advocates for sustained stakeholder engagement to safeguard child rights and facilitate family reunification. It also calls for unified coordination among service providers to enhance their delivery mechanisms. Additional recommendations include gender-sensitivity training, psychosocial support, and vocational programs for refugee children.
Neema Meshack Njavike, Tuli Kassimoto
Several studied have assessed the factors affecting monitoring of teaching and learning processes in schools. This study examined the challenges faced by heads of schools, academic masters/mistress and WEOs in monitoring teaching and learning among public primary schools in Tanzania with a case of Mbeya city council. The study involved 88 respondents who were of primary schools, school academic masters/mistress, teachers and ward education officers. Quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis techniques were used and the data was presented and analysed through descriptive statistics. The findings indicated that heads of schools, academic masters/mistress and WEOs were not performing effective various teaching and learning monitoring activities. It was revealed that there are various challenges facing the monitoring of of teaching and learning exercise such as poor school arrangement of the school related infrastructures, poor preparation of necessary documents and other teaching and learning resources, poor classroom conditions, shortage of time to carry out the exercise, poor communication among school stakeholders such as teachers, pupils and parents, lack of cooperation teachers, pupils and parents, poor organization of pupils and teachers for easy assessment and lastly high tension among teachers and pupils. In order to ensure effective monitoring of teaching and learning in public primary schools, it is recommended to the head of schools, academic masters/mistress and WEOs should be trained on specific school arrangement mechanisms for effective monitoring of teaching and learning activities. It is also recommended that the same should maintain cooperation among stakeholders; students, teachers, administrators, policy makers and academicians. Relevant data and monitoring feedback should be always taken into consideration while dealing with issues related to school monitoring.
Elliot Machinyise, Lubbungu Jive, Mercy. C. Zemba
Accommodation remains a significant challenge for both public and private universities in Zambia. This study explores the difficulties faced by students at Copperbelt University with off-campus housing. The primary objective was to identify the specific challenges students encounter in such accommodations. The study utilised a descriptive survey design and employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches combining surveys and focus group. The study employed purposive sampling targeting university students living off-campus accommodation and 220 participants were involved. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and open ended questions were included in the questionnaire. To analyse data, descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were employed. The findings indicate that students face numerous challenges with off-campus accommodation. Financial issues are prominent, including struggles with paying rent and commuting expenses, which negatively affect academic performance. Social and emotional well-being is also impacted, with difficulties in balancing academic and personal life, limited participation in campus activities, and mental health concerns. Additional challenges include inadequate amenities; load shedding, safety and security issues, noise disturbances, and maintenance problems. The study recommends engaging property owners to align their practices with student needs and expectations, collaborating with local authorities to ensure quality, safety, and security and completing the construction of unfinished university hostels to provide additional on-campus accommodation options.
Dr. Blandina Kisawike, Hakam Mohamed
The study aimed at determining the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in accessing market for WASH Products in Iringa region. The study employed a mixed method approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data. The sample size comprised 200 respondents selected from four districts of Iringa region, Kilolo Dc, Iringa Dc, Mufindi Dc, and Iringa Municipal. Primary data and secondary data were used in this study. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics analysis with SPSS, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed to capture deeper insights. The study found that inadequate market information remains a critical barrier for women entrepreneurs from fully capitalizing on market opportunities. The findings revealed that many women entrepreneurs struggle with limited access to affordable credit facilities, with high interest rates. The study revealed that establishing linkages with suppliers were limited among women, reducing their ability to build strong business relationships. The study highlighted the need for interventions that enhance market information flow to empower women and financial institutions to design financing options with favorable terms as well as facilitating inclusive networking for promoting sustainable market access and business development in the WASH sector.
Yee Siew Ching, Zainudin Bin Hassan
The internationalization of students is fundamental for education worldwide, promoting cross- cultural exchange and driving economic development. Malaysia, with initiatives such as the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025, seeks to position itself as a leading education hub in Southeast Asia. However, significant challenges hinder the country's capacity to attract and retain international students. This study explores the barriers to advancing internationalization of student mobility in Malaysia. Using secondary data sources, incorporating insights from scholarly articles, policy documents, and statistical reports. Findings indicate challenges such as language barriers, complex administrative procedures, cultural adaptations, academic integration, and insufficient institutional resources are significant barriers. Offering recommendations for government and policymakers to simplify administrative processes, improve language support, and promote inclusive campus environments. Providing essential perspectives to enhance Malaysia's status as a global education centre, while also deepening the academic experience and facilitating global knowledge sharing.
Dr. Shadreck P.M. Makombe, Mr. Zvirimumwoyo G. Mvere
This research was set up to examine the process of rearing children in high crime environment. The study aimed at looking at the behavioural patterns of parenting children in high crime environment, determining the challenges of parenting children in high crime environment in Mbare, establishing the physiological impact of parenting children in high crime environment in Mbare as well as identifying social support systems that can be put in place in order to protect children against high crimes. The Self-Determination Theory, Relatedness Support and attachment theory was used as the theoretical foundation of parenting style in high crime setting. This study was a quantitative study. The use of case study followed since it enables a lot more conclusive research since data collection is rather easy. The cases sought in this study were based on the residents in Matapi Flats in the community of Mbare and its stakeholders and those of the ZRP and education leaders. The size of the sample taken was 40 participants sampled in the population of Matapi flats in Mbare residents. In the study, the researcher used judgmental or purposive sampling method. The research paper has considered that parental style is a major determinant in the creation of both externalizing and internalizing behavioral tendencies among children. Authoritative parenting style that integrates the psychological well-being leads to negative influence in the process of becoming a criminal. Children also need to be taught to act right and they need independence in order to develop a sense of right decisions and this is a trait of being authoritative parent.
Raihana Akter Nira
The Travel and tourism industries are undergoing a remarkable transformation due to the development of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI). Specifically, this industry is developing because of the rapid rise of generative AI like ChatGPT. This literature critically reviews the impact of ChatGPT and similar AI-driven travel recommendation systems on shaping the future of personalized travel experiences. This study aims to review existing literature with current trends, challenges, and prospects for utilizing ChatGPT in personalized travel recommendations. A systematic review was conducted by analyzing a comprehensive review of existing applications of ChatGPT and similar artificial intelligence (AI) technologies within the travel and tourism industries. This literature review intends to provide a future research agenda based on investigating existing studies. Findings showed that the application of generative AI, such as ChatGPT, can enhance travel planning and decision-making by providing guidelines, personalized plans, real-time recommendations, enhancing customer engagement, and improving operational efficiency. However, several challenges remain, such as data privacy, trust, and implementing such advanced technologies. This study provides an overview of generative AI like ChatGPT and offers significant guidelines for adopting AI in travel recommendation, while identifying several areas requiring further research. This systematic review serves as a reference for users who want to utilize generative AI tools such as ChatGPT in their travel planning.
Huynh Thi Kim Ngan, Nguyen Song Thao Anh, Nguyen Thi Kim Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Phuong Hong, Phan Nguyen Yen Quyen, Tran Khanh Bang
Large language models such as ChatGPT are reshaping undergraduate English language education. This systematic review synthesizes benefits and challenges for developing writing and speaking proficiency among English language majors. Following PRISMA-2020/PRISMA-S and SPAR-4-SLR, we searched Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, EBSCO and SSRN, and analyzed 31 of the 708 empirical and review papers published. Findings converge on writing gains when ChatGPT is embedded in scaffolded, human-in-the-loop workflows that emphasize pre-writing, drafting, and revision. Effects are strongest for accuracy, coherence, and argument quality, and when teacher or peer moderation, prompt scaffolds, and transparent rubrics are present. For speaking, learners benefit through low-stakes practice, rehearsal and anxiety reduction; however, robust measurement lags behind, with scarce CEFR-aligned rubrics, limited voice-mode instrumentation, and few validated acoustic indicators. Integrity and equity remain central. Text-only AI detectors are brittle and sometimes unfair to non-native writers. Institutions should pivot to process-anchored assessment - combining prompt logs, version histories, and brief viva voce - to evidence authorship while preserving learning value. A forward research agenda is proposed, including a minimum reporting toolkit for speaking measurement (CEFR, ASR features, and ICC/κ) and multi-site randomized trials.
Blessing Ihuoma Nwatulegwu, Emeritus Professor Martins Agenuma Anetekhai, Professor Ibrahim Olawale Olateju
In response to growing global concerns over feed scarcity, rising production costs, and coastal degradation, this study explores the transformative potential of Sargassum fluitans within a circular economy framework. The research assessed the sustainability of using this nutrient-rich yet environmentally problematic seaweed as an alternative animal feed ingredient for chickens, fish, pigs, and rabbits in Lagos State, Nigeria. Despite its abundance, Sargassum remains underutilized due to the absence of effective Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) frameworks that ensure project efficiency, economic feasibility, and long-term sustainability. Guided by Implementation Theory and Theory of Change, this study employed a mixed-methods approach. A 12-week randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the nutritional performance, growth metrics, and survival rates of animals fed Sargassum-based diets. Feed safety was ensured through Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), while Linear Programming Optimization (LPO) developed cost-effective feed formulations. Quantitative data were analyzed using ANOVA and t-tests; qualitative insights were supported by stakeholder engagement and Logical Framework Analysis (LFA). Findings revealed that Sargassum-based feed is nutritionally comparable to conventional feeds and significantly reduced feeding costs by 55.5%. It enhanced animal growth, improved food security, generated green jobs, and contributed to coastal restoration by reducing Sargassum waste buildup. By closing material loops and repurposing marine biomass, the study offers a replicable model for integrating marine resources into sustainable agriculture. The result-based M&E framework ensured accountability, informed decision-making, and scalability, aligning the project with SDGs 2 (Zero Hunger), 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), 13 (Climate Action), and 14 (Life Below Water). This research repositions Sargassum from an ecological burden to a blue economy asset, offering a novel, data-driven, and locally adaptable solution for sustainable livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa.
Azlyn Ahmad Zawawi, Azyyati Anuar, Hafizah Hammad Ahmad Khan, Noorlailahusna Mohd Yusof, Raveenthiran Vivekanantharasa
The circular economy has emerged as a transformative model for achieving sustainable development by decoupling economic growth from resource consumption. However, its practical implementation remains constrained by multiple and interrelated barriers. This study conducts a narrative review to synthesize current knowledge on the barriers, challenges, and strategic implications of circular economy implementation. The analysis reveals six dominant and interdependent themes: institutional and regulatory limitations, economic and financial constraints, technological and infrastructural readiness, organizational and collaborative capabilities, consumer and behavioral dynamics, and business model and design for circularity. The study contributes by integrating fragmented insights into a comprehensive conceptual understanding that highlights the systemic nature of these barriers. Strategically, the review underscores the need for coherent policies, financial mechanisms, technological innovation, and behavioral change to accelerate adoption. Future research directions are proposed to explore policy synergies, digital enablers, cross-country comparisons, and the long-term performance of circular business models.
Azyyati Anuar, Daing Maruak Sadek, Fatihah Norazami Abdullah, Rosliza Md Zani, Umari Abdurrahim Abi Anwar, Yong Azrina Ali Akbar
This study maps the global research landscape at the circular economy–waste management (CE–WM) nexus and identifies priority avenues to accelerate circularity. Using a PRISMA-informed protocol on Scopus, we assembled 1,880 records (2020–2025) and applied a multi-method bibliometric workflow: performance indicators (document type, years of publications, languages, source title & countries). Data were cleaned and standardized with transparent thesauri and disambiguation procedures; networks employed fractional counting, association-strength normalization, and modularity-based clustering. Results show a pronounced post-2020 surge peaking in 2024 and a venue structure concentrated in applied sustainability outlets, led by the Journal of Cleaner Production. Collaboration is organized around Asia–Europe hubs, with India and China among the most prolific contributors alongside the United Kingdom and Italy. Science mapping reveals an intellectual core centered on sustainable development, waste management, recycling, and life-cycle assessment, encircled by four research fronts: (i) biological and process pathways (e.g., anaerobic digestion, biogas), (ii) thermochemical and construction-materials valorization (e.g., geopolymers, secondary aggregates, plastics), (iii) management, policy, and circular supply chains (e.g., e-waste governance, extended producer responsibility), and (iv) digital and urban “smart circularity” (IoT, data infrastructures, smart cities). The study concludes that CE–WM research is rapidly consolidating toward integrated, data-enabled, and policy-aligned systems. Limitations include single-index coverage and citation-window effects. It is recommended to triangulate databases and deploy time-sliced, field-normalized maps linked to causal policy evaluation and techno-economic/LCA assessments to advance evidence-based circularity.
Technics Ikechi Nwosu
This paper proposes a pioneering curriculum framework titled Civic Education for Technological Takeoff (CETT), developed under the Child-Author Development Programme (CADP). CETT reconceptualizes Civic Education through the lens of African Science Fiction and Technological Nationalism. The initiative integrates creative writing, speculative futures, and civic consciousness to prepare African children aged 10–18 for technological citizenship. Drawing from Science and Technology Studies (STS), postcolonial theory, and African Futurism, CETT positions African children as both subjects and agents of the continent's technological destiny. This paper introduces an eight-module civic curriculum designed to stimulate public participation, scientific imagination, and civic engagement in African countries. It also outlines a new academic designation – Child-Professor of STS – to recognize and incentivize deep techno-civic literacy.
Davy Mainde
This systematic review explores the implementation of Civic Education within Zambia’s Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC), synthesizing insights from recent empirical studies, government reports, and scholarly analyses. It examines key dimensions including curriculum design, teacher preparedness, learner engagement, and institutional support. Findings indicate that while the CBC framework holds significant promises for advancing civic learning and fostering active citizenship, its effectiveness is constrained by limited teacher training and inconsistent assessment practices. The review concludes with targeted recommendations aimed at strengthening Civic Education delivery and enhancing its role in cultivating informed, responsible, and participatory citizens.
Eddie P. Trases, James L. Paglinawan
This study examined the predictive relationship between classroom leadership practices, data-driven culture implementation, and instructional innovation adaptability among secondary teachers. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed to collect data from 300 secondary teachers through a comprehensive survey. Reliability analysis confirmed excellent internal consistency for all scales (CLP: α = .985, DDC: α = .989, IIA: α = .986). Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to test the predictive model. Results: The regression model was significant and explained a substantial portion of the variance in instructional innovation adaptability. Data-Driven Culture (DDC) was a strong and highly significant positive predictor (β = 0.525, *p* < .001). At the same time, Classroom Leadership Practices (CLP) was a positive but marginally significant predictor (β = 0.091, *p* < .10). The resulting regression equation was: IIA = 1.300 + 0.097(CLP) + 0.534(DDC). Moderate to strong positive correlations were found among all variables (r = .356 to .571, *p* < .001). Conclusions: The findings indicate that while both factors are relevant, a Data-Driven Culture is a decisively stronger predictor of teachers' capacity for instructional innovation than Classroom Leadership. Educational institutions should prioritize developing robust data systems and a supportive data culture as a primary strategy to enhance instructional adaptability.
Dinesh Deckker, Sree Lakshmi Ammanamanchi, Subhashini Sumanasekara
This study investigates the collocational patterns and semantic prosody of the Indic loanword guru in American English, focusing on its use in business and spiritual or lifestyle discourse. Data were drawn from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA, 3,541 tokens) and the News on the Web corpus (NOW, 4,902 tokens). Collocates within a ±4 span were analysed using Mutual Information (MI), Log-Likelihood (LL), and frequency thresholds. Semantic categorisation was conducted through USAS tagging and manual concordance checks, yielding high inter-coder reliability (Cohen’s κ = .88). Prosodic evaluation of 200 concordance lines for positive, neutral, and negative orientation achieved strong agreement (Cohen’s κ = .87). Findings reveal that in business discourse, guru has undergone semantic bleaching and recontextualisation as a metaphor for entrepreneurial expertise and branding (for example, marketing guru, tech guru), with predominantly positive prosody (62%). In spiritual and lifestyle discourse, the term displays greater hybridity, combining reverential references (such as Sikh gurus, Indian saints) with commodified lifestyle extensions (fitness gurus, beauty gurus). This register shows evaluative ambivalence, with 34 percent neutral and 17 percent negative uses, reflecting public scepticism toward commodified authority. The study conceptualises guru as a floating signifier whose meaning oscillates between authenticity and commodification, illustrating how sacred vocabulary is repurposed within global English. It contributes to theories of register variation, transcultural flow, and lexical change, while offering practical implications for lexicography, media discourse analysis, branding ethics, and language education
Charles Agyinasare
Illegal small-scale mining (“galamsey”) remains a severe socio-environmental and economic challenge in Ghana, manifesting in land degradation, water contamination, and public-health risks. Despite repeated enforcement drives, the persistence of galamsey reveals limits to command-and-control approaches and underscores the need for complementary, community-embedded strategies. This article presents a documentary analysis and narrative review (2019–2025) of peer-reviewed scholarship and Ghanaian policy/agency reports to assess how religious organisations can mitigate galamsey through stewardship framings, policy engagement, and congregational mobilizations. The synthesis yields three insights. First, ecological injury and livelihood disruption are well documented at basin and community scales. Second, faith networks—via doctrinally grounded stewardship ethics and dense social ties—can catalyze norm change and channel credible reporting when procedures are clear and responses are time-bound and safe. Third, trust bottlenecks—fear of reprisals, opaque response lines, and politicization—depress citizen action, limiting the effect of moral exhortation alone. In response, the article proposes a faith–state collaboration blueprint comprising national memoranda of understanding, district faith–state committees, congregation-nominated environmental wardens, service standards (72-hour acknowledgement; 14-day action update), independent oversight, and a proportionate monitoring-and-evaluation plan. Integrating religious perspectives with auditable state response pathways offers a feasible route to sustained compliance and community monitoring. The study contributes an evidence-informed, design-level framework to operationalize faith–state collaboration for environmental governance in Ghana.
Chang’orok Joel, Nenunge Chemutai, Shillar Serser
This qualitative study explores how communicative practices within intermarriages between Sabaot and Luhya spouses in Mount Elgon shape, challenge, and in many cases erode Sabaot cultural identity. While intermarriage is often framed as a vehicle for integration, this study demonstrates that it also becomes a subtle site of cultural hegemony, where minority traditions are gradually muted and displaced. The research interrogates four core domains of cultural negotiation; naming practices, initiation rites, household discourse, and ritual observances, each of which has increasingly been mediated through Luhya norms that overshadow and marginalize Sabaot heritage. The study employed an interpretivist paradigm and a qualitative design, drawing insights from twenty purposively selected participants: ten Sabaot men married to Luhya women and ten Luhya women married into Sabaot households across Cheptais, Kopsiro, Kaptega, and Kapsokwony divisions. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and focus group discussions, with triangulation enhancing trustworthiness. Findings reveal four interrelated patterns: (1) identity dilution, as children are often given Luhya names recognized by state institutions while Sabaot names are relegated to private use; (2) ritual displacement, where initiation ceremonies and domestic rituals increasingly employ Luhya or Swahili, reducing the linguistic vitality of Sabaot; (3) elder marginalization, with Kap-Kugo (custodial grandfathers) excluded from key household decisions, reducing intergenerational transmission of cultural knowledge; and (4) generational ambivalence, particularly among youth who oscillate between assimilation and creative hybridity. Yet, the study also documents resilience; families quietly maintaining Sabaot names, hybrid initiation practices, and symbolic acknowledgment of elders, suggesting that cultural erosion is accompanied by acts of subtle resistance. The analysis is framed by Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony and Muted Group Theory, which illuminate how dominant cultural codes infiltrate everyday communication while muted groups innovate adaptive strategies to sustain fragments of identity. The study recommends community-driven cultural education programs, school and media collaborations to digitize and broadcast Sabaot oral traditions, intercultural dialogue forums, and the promotion of cultural tourism as tools for preservation. Without such deliberate interventions, Sabaot heritage risks becoming a symbolic memory remembered rather than lived, reducing the Kap-Kugo, the once-vibrant grandfathers of Elgon, into fading echoes of tradition.
M. H. Misran, N. A. Shaharuddin, N. M. Z. Hashim, N. R. Mohamad, Salleh
Environmental health disparities notably affect communities that lack access to real-time air quality data, which is crucial for making informed public health decisions. This study develops and evaluates a solar-powered IoT environmental health monitoring system to address environmental health information inequities through sustainable, community-centered implementation. Temperature-humidity sensor, barometric pressure sensor, gas sensor, and optical dust sensor are integrated with ESP32 microcontroller and Things Board IoT platform, powered by solar panels, for energy autonomy. Mobile interface provide community members with real-time environmental data and local air quality information. Field deployment in Malacca, Malaysia, showed successful continuous operation with a highly cost-effective system that saved money compared to commercial alternatives and had zero operational electricity expenses due to solar autonomy. Results showed large multi-dimensional outcomes, including increased community environmental health awareness, social cohesion supporting collaborative action, and strong connection with six Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The implementation greatly improved community access to real-time air quality data, addressing environmental health inequities and laying the groundwork for community-based activism. Environmental sustainability assessment found little ecological footprint with renewable energy operation supporting climate mitigation through fossil fuel displacement and adaptation through community monitoring capability. This study offers a reproducible, economically viable paradigm for technical innovation, community empowerment, environmental preservation, and sustainable development. The findings affect environmental health policy, community-based surveillance expansion, and environmental justice through accessible monitoring technology.
Aguinaldo C. Francisco Jr., Elma O. Taccad-Diego, Glen N. Ejercito, Melvin S. Baradi, Sheryl P. Miradora
This study examined the perceived cooling and thermal comfort effects of urban green spaces in Laoang, Northern Samar, a developing coastal municipality in the Philippines. Using a quantitative descriptive-comparative design, data were gathered from 150 purposively selected respondents representing three areas: the municipal plaza, riverside, and school grounds. A structured questionnaire adapted from a previous study measured perceived cooling and thermal comfort on a 5-point Likert scale, and data were analyzed using Jamovi software through mean and standard deviation computations. Findings showed that respondents generally agreed that green spaces provide cooling and comfort benefits, with an overall mean of 3.44 (Neutral to Agree). The riverside area recorded the highest ratings, highlighting the combined cooling effects of vegetation and proximity to water. Respondents also demonstrated a positive attitude toward tree planting, viewing it as a means to make Laoang cooler and more livable. The study concludes that urban green spaces play a significant role in promoting thermal comfort and environmental well-being. Strengthening urban greening programs and expanding tree canopy coverage are recommended to enhance comfort and resilience against rising urban temperatures.
Nor Balkish Zakaria, Raja Adzrin Raja Ahmad, Siti Rahayu Sarman, Wan Imran Daniel Aminurrashid, Zarina Abu Bakar
This study examines the comparative Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance of firms in four ASEAN economies; Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Indonesia from 2019 to 2023. Using secondary data obtained from Refinitiv Eikon Datastream, the analysis covers a final sample of 758 listed firms, representing 3,790 firm-year observations. The study employs a descriptive analytical approach to explore cross-country, temporal, and sectoral variations in ESG performance. The general findings show that ESG performance in ASEAN has improved steadily over the five-year period, though the rate and consistency differ among nations. Thailand continues to lead in both average ESG scores and reporting uniformity, reflecting strong regulatory frameworks and institutional support. Indonesia demonstrates sustained progress, possibly driven by sustainability regulations and the growing influence of the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Singapore maintains a stable yet moderate performance, consistent with its adherence to global standards such as the GRI and TCFD frameworks. Malaysia, however, exhibits a gradual decline in ESG scores and higher variability, suggesting uneven ESG adoption and differences in disclosure quality across sectors. Sectoral analysis indicates that Energy, Financials, and Industrials outperform Consumer and Technology industries, underscoring the role of regulatory enforcement and environmental exposure. Overall, the study concludes that ASEAN’s ESG landscape is evolving positively but remains fragmented, highlighting the need for stronger regional harmonisation to enhance comparability, transparency, and sustainable growth.
Ammar Ahamad Osman, Hanissah Mohamad, Norazlina Abd Razak, Siti Aisah Mat Junos @ Yunus, Siti Huzaimah Husin, Yusmarnita Yusop, Zarina Tukiran
The growing demand for efficient and reliable energy transfer systems has driven research into innovative solutions for low-power applications. This thesis focuses on the comparison analysis of inverters for low power application acoustic based energy transfer system. An acoustic energy transfer system is one of promising technology for wireless energy transmission in constrained environments especially in metal environments. The research evaluates the performance of different inverter topologies which are Class E ZVS Inverter and Class D Half Bridge Resonant Inverter by considering key parameters such as efficiency, power transmission, and adaptability to acoustic wave energy systems. Calculation and simulation results from both inverters were compared and Class E ZVS inverter has been chosen for further with experimental because the performance efficiency of Class E produces 98.6% compared to Class D which is 98.04%. The Class E inverter managed to produce better efficiency, power transmission at 40kHz and 470-ohm resistor as an inverter load. The experimental hardware of Class E inverter produces 64.2% as efficiency, as it undergoes tuning process where the tuning processes is critical to optimize the functionality of resonant circuits, ensuring they achieve the best and highest efficiency ii at transmitter. So, the power transmitted to the receiver have some drops due to their internal resistance, and components factor. The receiver will receive 7.36 V at 1cm distance while the target for this project is transmitting to 3cm distance with 6.43V. This shows that the goal of the project to transmit power to the receiving unit has been successfully implemented and it contributes to the progress in wireless power transmission technology.
Md. Rizwan Hassan
Covid-19 was emerged as pandemic in the entire world during 2020 and 2021 causing death of huge number of life in the globe. Bangladesh was not an exception. Being a life-threatening disease, it has great impact on the pharmaceutical companies of any country. The study was aimed to find any difference in performance of some selected pharmaceutical companies due to Covid-19 pandemic. The medicine and vaccine related with Covid-19 was in peak of demand that caused to increase the profitability of the companies. However, the normal and avoidable treatments were deliberately delayed during the period. The study finds no significant difference in the performance of pharmaceutical companies during the pandemic and after the pandemic.
Emmanuel K. Boon, Eric Duku, Stephen Kankam
Climate change-induced disasters, such as droughts and floods, are increasingly contributing to the vulnerability of rural agricultural communities, especially in sub-Saharan African countries like Ghana. Rural communities characterised by low resilience capacities experience devastating economic, social, and ecological impacts from climate-induced disasters, which are becoming more frequent and intense. Using a case study approach, this paper investigated the effects of droughts and floods on the vulnerability and resilience of four rural agricultural communities in two districts in northern and southern Ghana. A mixed-methods research design approach was employed to collect qualitative and quantitative data from secondary and primary sources on the impacts of climate change on purposively selected communities, as well as to assess their vulnerability and resilience. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to collect information from relevant stakeholder groups in the four communities, and the data were analysed with the SPSS version 21 package. A key finding of the paper is that the resilience capacity of local communities in the two districts to manage natural disasters and reduce vulnerability effectively is woefully inadequate. The challenges of the vulnerability-resilience dilemma faced by communities are identified, and appropriate solutions are recommended for strengthening their adaptation and coping capacities.
Afizan Mokhtar, Atik Rusdiani, Dwan Ridwan, Farhana Diana Deris, Hamid Mukhlis, Hasan Hariri, Muhammad Nurwahidin, Noorsidi Aizuddin Mat Noor
This paper explores the relative impacts of Principal Leadership (PL) and Teacher Leadership (TL) roles on Teacher Self-Efficacy (TSE) in the centralised education system of Indonesia. Basing the study on how the hierarchical to the participatory model of governance has been transformed through the Merdeka Belajar (Freedom to Learn) reform, the research question seeks to establish the dominance of the leadership pathway in instilling confidence in the teachers and their instructional capacity. A quantitative and cross-sectional survey design involved the collection of data on 1,175 teachers in three provinces in Indonesia and the analysis of the data using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results showed that both PL (β = 0.331) and TL (β = 0.239) were found to have a strong prediction ability regarding TSE, and the effect of the former was statistically significant. Such conclusions demonstrate the long-standing power of principals in determining teacher confidence and support the increased importance of peer-led collaboration. The research can also provide policymakers with practical knowledge regarding the recommendation of dual pathways that can bolster the concept of principal capacity and institutionalise teacher leadership as a form of institutionalisation. It draws the conclusion that empowerment of the two levels of leadership plays a crucial role in establishing a strong, responsible teaching fraternity and even leading the current disintegrating learning revolution. The results form an informative source of diagnosis used in future cross-national research on the efficacy of leadership and the empowerment of teachers in Southeast Asia.
Kin Sibanda, Prince Ndaruza
The study compared the forecasting performance of a univariate ARIMA model (traditional econometric model) and a univariate LSTM model (artificial neural network model) in predicting inflation. The purpose was to determine a more appropriate model for forecasting inflation in Zimbabwe, a country that is beset by episodes of high inflation. The research utilized monthly inflation rates of Zimbabwe spanning the time from November 2019 to November 2022. In forecasting inflation, the univariate ARIMA model and the LSTM model were each used separately. The performance of the models was evaluated by using the root mean square error (RMSE) metric. Univariate LSTM outperformed univariate ARIMA by a big margin, having an RSME of 0.14 compared to 6.7 for univariate ARIMA. The findings confirm the hypothesis that the nonlinearity in inflation data is more accurately explained by LSTM. The study contributes to the growing body of evidence that nonlinear neural network models are superior to traditional linear models in terms of predicting time series data with non-linearity.
Ara L. Barlizo, Rm, Rn, Man, Bernadette F. Martirez, Rn, Man, Joyce N. Olea, Rn, Man, Marjorie R. Andalis, Rm, Rn, Man, Ronald C. Abaño, Rn, Man, Windy M. Luzon, Rm, Rn, Man
In the landscape of community healthcare, the battle against the transmission of infectious diseases is a concern and underscored by the global impact of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). These infections, which afflict millions annually, not only exacerbate patient suffering through extended recovery times and potential long-term health issues but also impose a heavy financial burden on healthcare systems. The prevalence of healthcare-associated infections can surpass those in more affluent areas by a significant margin, highlighting the critical need for robust infection prevention and control strategies. Within community healthcare settings, where interactions between healthcare providers and patients are frequent, and resources may be scarce, implementing effective infection prevention and control protocols is a significant challenge and an essential requirement to protect public health and prevent the spreading of potentially deadly infections.
Aniza Arifin, Muaz Azinuddin, Wan Mohd Adzim Wan Mohd Zain
This paper proposes a comprehensive concept for advancing learning organization strategies within small and medium-sized food tourism enterprises (SMFTEs). This study elucidates how clan culture – distinguished by collaboration, trust, and shared value -shapes organizational learning through both the refinement of existing practices (exploitation) and the pursuit of novel ideas (exploration). These dual learning processes are posited to significantly enhance SMFTE performance by supporting both incremental improvement and transformative innovation. The study highlights the importance of ambidextrous learning, enabling SMFTE to strike a balance between efficiency and innovation, thereby fostering resilience and a sustainable competitive advantage. Practical recommendations are provided for managers and policymakers to cultivate adaptive and sustainable growth, particularly in the rapidly evolving context of food tourism SMFTE.
Austin Mumba Cheyeka, Christine Mwanza, Innocent Mutale Mulenga
Based on the influence of western education and thought patterns, it is a mammoth task to find unanimous agreement on what constitutes Indigenous Knowledge systems (IKS). It can be argued that it is impossible to obtain an unadulterated African Indigenous Knowledge because of colonialism which has been so long in place. However, critical issues can be unveiled and agreed upon that include the philosophy and practices of African Indigenous peoples. This article aims to unearth what constitutes African Indigenous Knowledge/education from the perspectives of some selected key education stakeholder in Zambia. To realise this aim, qualitative interviews were employed as data collection methods to have an in-depth understanding of the participants on the subject matter under contention. Selected key education stakeholders who included teachers, religious leader, traditional leaders and curriculum specialists were purposefully sampled across the country. The collected data was thematically analysed. The main findings of the study revealed that Indigenous knowledge is rooted in the Zambian culture and is based on native people’s living experiences. Emerging facets from the respondents therefore pointed to mutual agreement that indigenous knowledge encompasses local knowledge unique to Zambia’s culture, skills, beliefs, and practices developed over generations in harmony with the local environment and community This knowledge is of fluid nature translating continually changing, being produced or generated, as well as discovering, lost or recreated. The study recommends the need for a paradigm shift in curriculum development and implementation, one that recognises IK not only as an addition to the mainstream curriculum but as a legitimate and vital knowledge system.
Azarudin Awang, Norhana Ng Abdullah
In human life, diversity in background, ethnicity, and religion is an unavoidable reality. As social beings, humans naturally enjoy associating and interacting with others to foster mutual understanding and appreciation of differences. Social interaction occurs when individuals engage with other individuals or groups in various aspects of daily life. For Muslims, any form of relationship with non-Muslim communities must take into account religious boundaries. In this regard, social interaction between Muslims and non-Muslims should be guided by Islamic principles based on the maqasid al-shariah, namely the preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. Therefore, this study seeks to examine how the principles of maqasid al-shariah can serve as a framework or guideline for shaping social relations between Muslims and non-Muslims in Malaysia. This study adopts a qualitative approach by reviewing articles and writings that discuss religious issues and interfaith relations. The findings indicate that Islamic teachings establish specific boundaries for interactions with nonMuslims, particularly in matters involving their religious celebrations or rituals. However, there are views suggesting that a clear guideline should be developed to help Muslims understand the permissible limits of interaction with non-Muslims, especially in relation to cultural and festive celebrations. This study is significant as it provides a preliminary understanding and guidance for Muslims to maintain harmonious interreligious relations without compromising their Islamic principles and faith (aqidah).
Azarudin Awang, Norhana Ng Abdullah
In human life, diversity in background, ethnicity, and religion is an unavoidable reality. As social beings, humans naturally enjoy associating and interacting with others to foster mutual understanding and appreciation of differences. Social interaction occurs when individuals engage with other individuals or groups in various aspects of daily life. For Muslims, any form of relationship with non-Muslim communities must take into account religious boundaries. In this regard, social interaction between Muslims and non-Muslims should be guided by Islamic principles based on the maqasid al-shariah, namely the preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. Therefore, this study seeks to examine how the principles of maqasid al-shariah can serve as a framework or guideline for shaping social relations between Muslims and non-Muslims in Malaysia. This study adopts a qualitative approach by reviewing articles and writings that discuss religious issues and interfaith relations. The findings indicate that Islamic teachings establish specific boundaries for interactions with nonMuslims, particularly in matters involving their religious celebrations or rituals. However, there are views suggesting that a clear guideline should be developed to help Muslims understand the permissible limits of interaction with non-Muslims, especially in relation to cultural and festive celebrations. This study is significant as it provides a preliminary understanding and guidance for Muslims to maintain harmonious interreligious relations without compromising their Islamic principles and faith (aqidah).
Technics Ikechi Nwosu
Civic Education programmes in Africa primarily focuses on citizenship, governance, democracy, and social responsibility. However, these programmes often overlook critical elements necessary for shaping future-ready citizens, particularly in the domains of scientific leadership, technological innovation, and knowledge production. This paper conceptuates the Child-Author Development Programme (CADP) as a missing but essential component of African Civic Education. It argues that CADP extends the Civic Education agenda by integrating African Technological Nationalism, African Scientism, and the Science-Technology-Society (STS) discourse. We argue here that these novel Civic/Citizenship Education elements are capable of producing a generation of young thinkers capable of shaping Africa’s future through scientific storytelling. The paper situates CADP within broader Civic Education or Citizenship Education frameworks, examines its role in creating African Technological Citizenship, and presents a case for its institutionalization within African education policies. By positioning CADP as both a pedagogical intervention and a civic awakening tool, the discourse pushes beyond conventional educational thinking, advocating for a civic model in which technology and science are not peripheral luxuries but intrinsic rights and duties of the citizen. Our re-imagination of civic literacy asserts that an African citizen’s preparedness for the 21st century must not be measured by mere political consciousness or patriotic sentiment, but by the readiness to defend, advance, and co-create indigenous scientific and technological capacities as part of their social obligations. CADP therefore redefines “public responsibility” to encompass technological patriotism, “civic rights” to include the right to technological alternatives, and “social causes” to elevate the quest for a national technological identity to the level of the most fundamental civic mission.
Joseph, Ubong Nathaniel, Udotim, Akerete Anthony
The Study assessed Conditional Cash Transfer and Poverty Reduction among Vulnerable Households in Nigerian Public Service Delivery. Conditional Cash Transfer Programme is one of the social safety nets intervention of the National Social Investment Programme (NSIP) established in 2015 but became operational in 2016 to give financial support to vulnerable households so that they can acquire educational enrolment of their children, healthcare services, good standard of living and improvement in household income. However, the achievement of the CCT objectives is more of mirage than reality due to some macroeconomic policies embarked upon by the Federal Government such as removal of subsidies, exchange rate instability and depreciation of the Naira, and prohibition of trade liberalization; all of which have collectively and significantly contributed to inflation that undermines the effectiveness of the Conditional Cash Transfer Programme. The broad objective of the study was to examine the effectiveness of the Conditional Cash Transfer Programme in the reduction of poverty among vulnerable households, with specific attention given to educational enrolment, healthcare services, standard of living and household income. The Principal-Agent Theory was used to explain the variables underpinning the Study because it explicitly highlighted how asymmetry information between the leaders and the citizens has made the former to act in their best interests against the interests of the latter. The Study used contextual design to analyze the data generated from secondary sources such as journals, articles, textbooks, and the internet. The Study found among others that macroeconomic policies of the government have led to inflation that erodes the purchasing power of the CCT; thereby hindering the realization of the objectives of the CCT social intervention Programme. Based on the findings, the Study recommended among others, that government should reform its macroeconomic policies to ensure that there is exchange rate stability, trade liberalization and provision of subsidies on basic items to reduce inflation and enhance the purchasing power of the Conditional Cash Transfer Programme.
Elaina Rose Joharr, Mohamad Noor Azman Sulaiman, Munsif Ullah, Nurulazlina Ramli, Roozita Maskun, Siti Murni Mat Khairi
The aim of this paper is to identify and discuss the significant of digital competency needed for employability, on young professional in Malaysia. What is expected by the employer when they enter the labor market? Design/methodology/approach – The study used qualitative design. Focus group discussions were used to collect data from young graduates who able to secure job right or within 6 months after graduate. Data collected were analysed using thematic categorization. Results were presented using descriptive and narrative form. An inductive approach used to understand and analyse the ability of being employed. Round-table talk are the primary sources for this paper. Findings –. The study identifies key digital competencies that contribute to the employability of young professionals in Malaysia. These include digital academic knowledge, digital communication, digital problem-solving, and digital work experience. Among these, digital work experience appears to be of higher priority, playing a critical role in the successful employment of Social Sciences graduates in Malaysia. Practical implications – The findings of this study provide valuable insights for higher education institutions in developing professional development plans aimed at equipping students with the necessary digital skills. The study underscores the importance of adopting the right competencies within university curricula to align with industry demands. Furthermore, it highlights the need for the redesign of relevant courses to enhance graduates' performance and maintain their competitiveness in the labor market. Originality/value – This paper is to identify the comprehensive of digital competency expectations of young professionals of Social Sciences in Malaysia. At the same time, it identifies differences in the competency expectations by the employer and competency possessed by the young professionals. Research limitations/implications – The empirical part of the study was limited to the Social Sciences young professionals in Malaysia. A similar study covering all sectors of the national economy will offer a complete on the skills needs for various field and its preparedness to contribute in the emerging digital economy. Novelty:- This study provides original insights into how young professionals perceive and apply digital competencies within their early career experiences. It contributes to the ongoing discussion on digital employability by presenting qualitative evidence from Malaysian Social Sciences graduate.
Syapri Chan
In a agreement connection business always There is possibility emergence dispute business often happen due to one of the party do deny promise or default. In settlement dispute business There is a number of ways that can chosen by the parties, one of which is through the Arbitration forum. As one of the dispute resolution forums dispute business, arbitration of course Lots is in demand by the business world. However Thus, certainty law on implementation decision Arbitration Still become problem alone, because the party that does not satisfied on decision Arbitration can submit application cancellation decision Arbitration to court. Research This aim for search and identify judges' decisions in case application cancellation decision Arbitration. Research This use method study law normative with approach cases and judges' decisions. Research This produce findings existence a number of consistent judge's decisions in decide case application cancellation decision Arbitration and of course will give certainty law in the Arbitration process as a forum for resolution dispute business. Implications from results study This impact on the resolution dispute business through a fast Arbitration forum as well as binding on the parties, so later No There is again the parties who deliberately for procrastination and/or No carry out decision Arbitration in a way voluntary.
Aede Hatib Musta'amal @ Jamal, Mohd Salehudin Marji, Nor Aisyah Che Derasid, Norzanah Rosmin
Innovation competency has become an essential requirement for engineering graduates as they navigate increasingly complex and technologically advanced environments. This study aims to develop and validate an instrument to assess innovation competencies among engineering students in Malaysian technical and vocational institutions. The construction of the instrument was guided by grounded theory insights obtained from structured interviews with engineering educators, together with a synthesis of current literature and ABET-aligned competency frameworks. This process established three major dimensions knowledge, skills, and personality which formed the basis for an initial pool of 53 items. The content validity of the instrument was evaluated by a panel of five experts using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the modified Kappa statistic. Experts rated each item for relevance using a four-point scale. The results demonstrated strong overall agreement, with most items achieving I-CVI values between 0.80 and 1.00 and Kappa coefficients indicating good to excellent concordance. Items falling below acceptable thresholds were removed or refined based on expert judgment. As a result, 42 items were retained, representing essential components of innovation competency across the three dimensions. The findings confirm that the instrument possesses strong content validity and is suitable for further psychometric evaluation. This validated item set offers educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers a structured and evidence-based tool for assessing innovation readiness among engineering students. The instrument has potential applications in evaluating program effectiveness, identifying student competency gaps, and supporting targeted instructional improvements. Future research should incorporate pilot testing, reliability analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and multi-institutional validation to strengthen the instrument’s robustness, generalizability, and practical utility.
Dr. Sosthenes Ruheza, Lucas Odilo Komba, Prof. Zebedayo S. Mvena
This paper examines the contribution of cocoa farming to household income and livelihood improvement in Kyela District Council (KDC), Mbeya Region, Tanzania. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed using a mixed-methods approach. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires, supplemented by interviews with key informants. Quantitative data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20, while qualitative data were analyzed by using thematic analysis. Findings indicate that cocoa farming contributes significantly to household income. Whereas, more than 70% of households derive over half of their total earnings from cocoa, with 26.3% reporting cocoa provides more than 75% of their income. Households also reported increases in cocoa-related income over the past three years, which facilitated investments in assets, payment of school fees, and other essential non-food expenses. The study concludes that cocoa farming plays a transformative role in sustaining rural livelihoods in KDC, though vulnerabilities remain due to seasonal price fluctuations. It is recommended that farmer cooperatives be strengthened, financial literacy promoted, and market access improved to enhance the sustainability of cocoa-based incomes.
Dr. Mohinder Kumar Slariya
Western Himalayan state, Himachal Pradesh is not only one of the most important global tourist destinations but known for its unique cultural distinguishableness. Though the state came into being as a part-c state of union of India on 15 of April 1948, but known for its culture and other distinguishness since ages. The state presently occupies 55673 square kms area having altitude ranging from 350 to 6975 meter above the mean sea level and house for all five agro-climatic zones. In the state, the life is being determined and shaped by different environmental aspects which further shape the culture of the area.
Muluneh Demissie Sisay
This study examined how SOS Children’s Village Ethiopia’s family-focused “credit-plus” income-generating activity (IGA) model contributes to household wellbeing in Woldia City and identified contextual constraints limiting its sustainability. Using a qualitative approach across three kebeles in North Wollo (Amhara Region), data were collected through 10 in-depth interviews with IGA clients, 6 key-informant interviews with project staff, and focus group discussions with cooperative and individual participants. The findings revealed that the SOS program improved access to revolving funds through savings-and-credit associations, enhanced entrepreneurial and technical skills via training and coaching, and promoted women’s economic empowerment by strengthening decision-making power, confidence, and income control. The study also confirmed positive outcomes such as improved saving culture, asset accumulation, and children’s wellbeing. However, several challenges constrained program impact, including limited motivation among some clients, high opportunity costs causing training dropouts, small loan ceilings restricting business growth, workspace shortages, bureaucratic delays, and weak market access. Conflicts within cooperatives and enforcement risks further undermined progress. The study concludes that credit-plus IGAs yield tangible livelihood and empowerment gains when complemented by secure production spaces, responsive governance, market linkages, and progressive financing. Strengthened cooperative governance and flexible, time-sensitive training are recommended to enhance sustainability.
Edna Maria Aloo, Patrick Dan Mukhongo
The general objective of this study was to examine the influence of coordination capability on performance of manufacturing small and medium enterprises in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The target population of this study consisted of four hundred and twenty-five (425) manufacturing small and medium enterprises registered by Kenya Association of Manufacturers and domiciled in Nairobi City County, Kenya. To achieve this objective, the study used proportionate stratified random sampling which is considered to be appropriate because of their uniqueness and segmentation of the various sector strata. The study adopted cross-sectional survey research design. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires from a sample made up of owners of firms or their firm managers in the absence of the former and they constituted the unit of observation. Pilot testing was undertaken to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and pilot data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The results showed that the instrument met face and content validity as experts confirmed the questionnaire's content and applicability to the relevant subject domain. Results were presented in tables and graphs with clear explanations given based on the findings. Simple linear regression analysis was done to get descriptive and inferential statistics. This study used F-tests to test the significance of the overall model and the significance of each of the specific variable was determined by unstandardized coefficients. The study found that coordination capability had a positive and significant influence on performance of manufacturing small and medium enterprises in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study recommended that firms needed to embrace coordination capability as it influenced performance of manufacturing small and medium enterprises.
Adenigba Bosede Esther, Akinleye Gideon Tayo
This study examined the effect of corporate governance on the financial performance of quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The specific objectives of this study are to analyse the effect of board meetings on profits after tax for quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria, examine the effect of board size on profits after tax for quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria, and examine the effect of audit committee independence on profit after tax for quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria. These objectives were hypothesized in null form. Twenty-one (21) quoted consumer goods companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) make up the study's total population. Ten (10) quoted consumer products companies were selected as the study's sample using the purposive sampling technique. The study's data were sourced from the annual audited financial reports and accounts of the chosen companies for ten consumer goods companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group for a period of five years spanning from 2019-2023. The Hausman test was conducted to choose the best panel estimation techniques. Result based on the most consistent random effect, then revealed that board meeting (BM) had no significant relationship with profit after tax (PAT) of quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria with a p-value of 0.9728, which is higher than the 5% (P>0.05) level of significance and a negative coefficient (-0.0202). The result also shows that board size (BS) had no significant effect on the profit after tax (PAT) with an estimated p-value of 0.4833, which is higher than the 5% level of significance and a negative coefficient (-0.1571). The result also shows the audit committee independence (AC) had no significant effect on the profit after tax (PAT) with an estimated p-value of 0.1011, which is higher than the 5% criterion of significance and a negative coefficient (-1.1069). The study therefore concludes that there is no significant relationship between the financial performance of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria and board meeting (BM), board size (BS), or audit committee independence (AC). The study thereby recommends, among others, that before the composition of the board size, factors including the company's size, operational complexity, strategic needs, and specialized knowledge should always be taken into account. This will enable the manufacturing firms to have strong financial performance.
Olusola James Oladejo, Yekeen, Sikiru Olukayode
This study explores governance challenges and corruption dynamics within Nigeria's Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector. It investigates the corporate governance, corruption, and the financial performance of listed FMCG firms in Nigeria. It employed an ex-post facto research design to analyze historical data on corporate governance and financial performance. The population comprised of 21 listed FMCG companies in Nigeria and using purposive sampling, 17 were selected ensuring relevant data from 2014 to 2023. Secondary data were sourced from annual reports. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics to summarize central tendencies, variability, and dispersion, a correlation matrix to assess relationships between variables. Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to estimate relationships and test hypotheses using E-VIEW software. The study finds that corruption significantly shapes corporate governance, positively affecting board independence (β = 0.190446, p = 0.0000), gender diversity (β = 0.130695, p = 0.0000), and executive compensation (β = 0.104154, p = 0.0000). Furthermore, corruption moderates the relationship between governance and financial performance, enhancing the positive effect of board independence on ROA but amplifying inefficiencies of larger boards. Corruption positively impacts ROA (β = 28.16272, p = 0.0000) but negatively affects EPS (β = -1570.961, p = 0.0000). The study concludes that corporate governance and corruption significantly influence financial performance in Nigerian FMCG companies. Corruption moderates these relationships, amplifying the need for governance vigilance. It is recommended that companies enhance board diversity and align executive compensation with performance goals while adopting anti-corruption measures to ensure sustainable financial outcomes and robust governance practices.
Adeyemi, Oluwakemi Lola, Daniel, Emmanuel Kayode, Orbunde, Bemshima Benjamin
Firms often face challenges in enhancing firm value due to governance issues, particularly ownership structures and risk management. Agency problems from insider and concentrated ownership, coupled with inadequate risk management, can misalign management and shareholder interests, negatively impacting firm value. This study examines the moderating effect of Corporate Risk Management (CRM) on the relationship between insider ownership and concentrated ownership structures and the firm value of listed financial services firms in Nigeria. The sample consists of twenty-four (24) firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group, with data spanning from 2010 to 2024. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select firms with consistent financial disclosures over the study period. A longitudinal panel research design was employed, utilising panel random effects regression analysis through E-Views 12 software. The results reveal that neither insider ownership nor concentrated ownership individually has a statistically significant direct effect on firm value. However, the interaction between these ownership structures and corporate risk management shows a statistically significant positive impact on firm value. The study concludes that corporate risk management plays a vital role in enhancing the relationship between ownership structures and firm value by mitigating risks and aligning managerial decisions with shareholder interests. The study recommends that Nigerian financial services firms implement comprehensive risk management frameworks and that regulatory bodies promote transparency in ownership structures and risk management practices to improve firm value and ensure long-term sustainability in the sector.
Miguel, Lyca Faye B.
This study explored the cost management practices, and common challenges faced by selected locally owned coffee shops in Bangued, Abra. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design, the study aimed to assess the level of cost management practices across labor, food, and operational expenses, and to determine whether demographic factors influence these practices. A total of 52 respondents, including 12 owners/managers and 40 employees, participated through a validated self-made questionnaire. Data were collected through a validated self-made questionnaire with three sections covering demographic profiles, cost management practices, and common problems across labor, food, and operational costs. The instrument demonstrated good to excellent reliability (Cronbach's α ranging from 0.765 to 0.853). Statistical analysis employed frequency distributions, weighted means, and chi-square tests. Findings revealed that most respondents were young, male, and relatively new to the industry, with limited training exposure. Overall, coffee shops demonstrated very high effectiveness in managing costs, particularly in food cost control, followed by labor and operational costs. While demographic factors such as age, sex, education, and training hours showed no significant impact, years of service were found to correlate positively with food and operational cost management. Labor cost management, however, appeared unaffected by experience. Despite strong cost management performance, coffee shops still encountered moderate challenges, especially in labor and operational expenses, largely due to the service-intensive nature of the business and reliance on equipment and utilities. Food and beverage costs posed fewer issues. The study suggests that continuous training, energy-efficient practices, and leveraging employee experience may further enhance cost efficiency. Future research is encouraged to explore additional variables that may influence cost management outcomes such as ownership structure, managerial expertise, education, and diversity. Lastly, consider conducting cross-country or comparative studies to better understand how different ownership structures influence cost management practices and to improve the generalizability of the findings.
Fu Jinping, Mary O’ Penetrante
Understanding how costs behave relative to changes in activity is crucial to improving managerial decision-making and financial performance. This study investigated the relationship between cost stickiness and firm performance among manufacturing enterprises in China. Cost stickiness occurs when costs rise more quickly with an increase in sales but decrease more slowly when sales decline. Employing a descriptive–correlational design, the study used secondary financial data from 50 listed manufacturing firms over a five-year period (2018–2022). Results indicated that administrative, selling, and operating expenses exhibited significant stickiness (ranging from β = –0.35 to –0.12), and cost stickiness was negatively correlated with profitability (ROA: r = –0.47, p < 0.01). The findings highlight the importance of flexible cost management and managerial adaptability for sustaining firm performance under volatile market conditions.
Barr. (Mrs.) Mary Lawrence Effiong
The research titled: Counselling as Social Work for Women Empowerment in Akwa Ibom State: A case Study of Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area. Implications for Counsellors was conducted. The background to the study was fully researched. Problems to the study were discussed. Two aims and objectives as well as two research questions were set. Significances of the study were ascertained, the scope measured and terms defined as used in the study. Conceptual, theoretical and Empirical Literature were reviewed. Feminist theory was used. Survey and descriptive research design were used. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) was the samples. Data was collected with the use of questionnaire after their validity and reliability had been tested by experts and proven as acceptable coefficient. Data collected were analyzed using Frequencies and percentages and the results present in table-by-table formula and their results discussed as well. Thereafter, the study was summarized and concluded. Some recommendations were made among which are: In order to assist Women in Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area become Empowered, Counsellors should conduct in Ibiono Ibom Local intensive Counselling sessions as social work for women themselves, Philanthropists from that area and it environ, Chairman and his Cabinets(both formal and informal), Stakeholders, Community Leaders, Chairman’s wife and kindhearted well placed females on different ways for which they can contribute in supporting, encouraging, projecting and even promoting Women Empowerment in Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area.
Abdullah Usman, Atiku Said Haliru, Joseph I. Aremo, Musa Alkali Lawan
This paper explores the relationship between counter-insurgency efforts and the use of torture in Nigeria’s fight against Boko Haram. It examines the legal and conceptual meaning of torture and analyses how Nigerian security agencies popularly known as (JTF) have responded to the insurgency. The paper highlights widespread reports of torture and human rights abuses during these operations, raising concerns about the violation of citizens’ rights. It further discusses the broader implications of these practices and the systemic challenges in holding security forces accountable. This paper concludes by emphasizing the need for reforms that ensure counter-insurgency measures align with Nigeria’s human rights obligations, particularly the prohibition of torture and bringing the identified perpetrators to justice and compensation to the victims of torture.
I Made Aditya Mantara Putra, I Made Minggu Widyantara., Sukma Nando Dirgantara
This research investigates the crime of embezzlement of customer funds by bank employees within the framework of Indonesian positive law. Embezzlement in the banking sector is a serious legal issue because it not only violates the fiduciary duty between employees and customers but also erodes public confidence in the financial system. The objective of this study is to analyze the legal provisions governing embezzlement, evaluate the consistency of statutory regulations, and highlight the implications of discrepancies in Indonesian law. The study applies a normative juridical method, focusing on the examination of legal norms, statutory interpretation, and doctrinal analysis. Primary legal materials consist of the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP) and the Corruption Eradication Law (Law No. 20 of 2001), while secondary sources include academic literature, legal journals, and expert opinions.The findings demonstrate that embezzlement is regulated under Articles 372–377 of the KUHP, which stipulate penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment based on the circumstances of the act. However, there exists a fundamental inconsistency between these provisions and those of the Corruption Eradication Law. While the KUHP provides relatively lenient sanctions with a maximum imprisonment of four years, the Corruption Law prescribes far more severe punishments, including life imprisonment and substantial fines. This disparity creates ambiguity, weakens the coherence of the legal system, and results in uneven law enforcement in banking embezzlement cases. The study concludes that harmonization of Indonesian criminal law is urgently needed to provide legal certainty and ensure justice. Strengthening banking oversight, improving ethical standards through employee training, and ensuring transparent judicial processes are also necessary to restore and maintain public trust in the financial sector.
Egede Dominion Dominic
Crisis communication has emerged as a vital organizational function in an era characterized by elevated stakeholder expectations, digital interconnectedness, and reputational volatility. This paper provides a critical review and synthesis of contemporary crisis communication theories, including Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), Image Repair Theory (IRT), Apologia Theory, Discourse of Renewal Theory, Networked Crisis Communication Theory (NCCT), Stealing Thunder Theory, and the Social-Mediated Crisis Communication Model (SMCC). While each theory offers valuable insights into rhetorical strategies, situational adaptability, and media-specific dynamics, none adequately addresses the complex, multidimensional nature of modern crises. Through a comparative and empirical critique, this review highlights significant theoretical gaps, including insufficient attention to stakeholder psychology, emotional engagement, source credibility, and cultural variability. The paper advocates for an integrated framework that combines strategic responsiveness, ethical renewal, and digital engagement. By rethinking traditional models and incorporating interdisciplinary insights, this study aims to establish a foundation for more resilient, adaptive, and context-sensitive crisis communication strategies that are suitable for today's organizational landscape.
Fely V. Alajar, Julie Ann A. Orobia
This study examined the level of critical reading skills among Grade 10 students and identified the factors influencing them amid the growing spread of misinformation on social media. Using a descriptive research design, data were gathered from fifty (50) students through a survey questionnaire based on the Critical Literacy Theory. Results showed that students are active users of social media—particularly Facebook—and possess a high level of critical reading, especially in evaluation. Several factors were found to influence their skills, including knowledge of social media use, family and school influences, personal ideology, and the type of platform used, with the latter having the most substantial effect. The findings suggest that critical reading is not merely a cognitive ability but a contextual and socio-digital process shaping how youth interpret information. The study recommends integrating critical and media literacy into Filipino instruction, conducting teacher training on digital texts, developing educational programs to address misinformation, and pursuing further research on the relationship between students’ profiles and their levels of critical reading.
Akomolehin F. Olugbenga
This study explores the effectiveness of cryptocurrencies as inflation hedges in high-inflation economies, with a comparative focus on their performance relative to traditional hedging instruments such as gold and real estate. Motivated by the global resurgence of inflation and growing distrust in fiat currencies, particularly in economically fragile nations, the research investigates how digital assets like Bitcoin function as stores of value under conditions of macroeconomic instability. Employing a literature-based review and cross-country case study methodology, the analysis covers the period from 2018 to 2025 and draws on empirical findings from Argentina, Venezuela, Turkey, Nigeria, and selected comparative cases including Zimbabwe and Lebanon. The findings indicate that cryptocurrencies have demonstrated partial and context-dependent hedging effectiveness, especially in countries with weak monetary institutions, currency devaluation, and limited access to traditional financial systems. While gold remains the most reliable long-term hedge, and real estate offers inflation-linked appreciation in select environments, both assets are constrained by issues of liquidity, accessibility, and regulation. In contrast, cryptocurrencies offer high mobility and decentralized access but are hindered by extreme volatility and regulatory uncertainty. The study concludes that cryptocurrencies should be treated as complementary, not substitute, hedging tools, requiring careful integration into diversified investment strategies. Policymakers are urged to develop transparent regulatory frameworks that support innovation while safeguarding consumers, and future research should expand empirical models and assess the role of stablecoins and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) as emerging inflation buffers.
Muhammad Amir Husairi Che Rani, Muhammad Shaqif Azfar Afandi
Bitcoin leads in the cryptocurrency market, outpacing its rivals and serving as a decentralized means of exchange that aims to reshape the landscape of the financial industry. The fact that it emerged as a non-physical high-value money served to attract ownership of this currency. Nevertheless, despite the fact that it offers a variety of innovations, bitcoin is plagued by problems of legality, regulatory uncertainty, and the fact that it serves as a platform for unlawful activity. In addition to this, it comes into conflict with Shariah compliance legislation, particularly with regard to its physicality and its relationship with Islamic financial transactions. The revolution may also result in innovative concepts regarding corporate practices, electoral systems, gaming legislation, energy consumption levels. Within the framework of Islamic finance, the current research investigates whether or not cryptocurrencies comply with Shariah law, with a particular focus on Bitcoin. The present study examines the Shariah compliance of cryptocurrencies, with a special emphasis on Bitcoin, within the context of Islamic banking. This paper employs qualitative content analysis of original Islamic sources, theoretical perspectives, and case studies to evaluate the ethical and legal compliance of digital currencies. The study emphasizes the prospective incorporation of blockchain technology into Islamic institutions, hence promoting ethical financial conduct in accordance with religious principles. The findings indicate that Bitcoin adheres to fundamental Islamic principles by excluding haram elements such as riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling), while also possessing characteristics akin to conventional currency. Nonetheless, concerns regarding its environmental impact, potential changes, and adherence to regulations limit its acceptability. The findings indicate that, with appropriate frameworks and advancements in Islamic fintech, cryptocurrencies have the potential to serve as Shariah-compliant financial instruments while promoting inclusion and stability within Islamic banking.
Dora Katsamori, Eirini Papachristou, Georgios Petasis, Ioannis Elissaios Paparigopoulos, Panayiotis Kapetanakis
The increasing sophistication of disinformation necessitates a fundamental shift from reactive fact-checking to proactive cognitive and affective resilience. In today's hybrid digital ecosystem, manipulative content exploits cognitive shortcuts like motivated reasoning and emotional vulnerabilities to bypass analytical scrutiny. Existing interventions often fail due to insufficient scope, slow speed, and the inert skill problem—where individuals possess critical thinking skills but fail to apply them in emotionally charged, real-world contexts. This concept paper introduces Media Critical Thinking (MCT), a unified pedagogical framework that integrates Media Information Literacy (MIL), critical thinking and manipulation-discernment skills, and critical-thinking dispositions into a single practice. MCT is operationalized through the Socratic AI Coach, a chatbot developed in the EU TITAN project, designed not as a truth arbiter, but as a ‘media thinking coach’ for users. The coach trains users to recognize the mechanics of manipulation tactics—such as conspiracism, polarization, and discrediting—rather than focusing solely on verifying facts. It utilizes Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture and a ‘Tactic Profiling’ methodology to implement dialogical inoculation. Through structured, Socratic questioning, the system guides users to evaluate media sources ("WHO") and recognize specific manipulative tactics ("WHAT"). A formative mixed-method pilot study (N = 12) evaluated usability, engagement, and educational impact through focus groups, questionnaires, and reflective discussion. Findings provided initial empirical validation of the Socratic approach, confirming its high relevance for stimulating critical analysis while revealing a key design challenge: balancing user expectations for definitive answers with the tool’s role as a facilitator of reflection. Overall, the study outlines a scalable model for media education that cultivates durable meta-literacy—the reflective habits essential for autonomous reasoning in complex information environments.
Limuel R. dela Cruz, CFMA
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) plays an increasingly important role in shaping how global companies are perceived by local communities. This study examined the cultural fit of CSR campaigns and its impact on the brand image of global companies among consumers in Guiguinto, Bulacan. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 100 residents through a structured survey. The study measured perceptions of cultural alignment, CSR authenticity, and brand image in terms of trust, reputation, and perceived sincerity. Results indicate that CSR campaigns are generally seen as culturally relevant, aligned with community needs, and visible within the locality. Respondents associated culturally sensitive CSR efforts with higher brand trust, stronger reputation, and greater perceived sincerity. Pearson correlation analysis (r = 0.738) confirmed a strong positive relationship between cultural fit and brand image, suggesting that local relevance significantly enhances consumer perceptions of global brands. While the study successfully identified patterns linking CSR cultural fit to brand image, it was limited to a single municipality and did not include longitudinal tracking of consumer behavior. Future research may expand to other regions, investigate long-term effects on brand loyalty, and explore strategies for integrating cultural values into CSR campaigns. The findings provide practical insights for global companies seeking to improve consumer engagement and brand perception through culturally informed CSR initiatives.
Ariel M. Tamayo, Candida S. Punla, Eunice Villaruel, Glenda D. Abad, Julie D. Camacho, Redentor E. Bañez, Sunshine S. Talavera
The primary objective of this ethnographic study aims to map the tangible movable and immovable cultural property of Morong, Bataan which are used as basis for the development of information, education, and communication (IEC) materials. In gathering the data, objective-data driven field visits, semi-structured interviews and document analysis which constituted the principles of community cultural mapping were utilized. Five tangible immovable cultural properties have been mapped in Morong, Bataan: the Our Lady of Del Pilar Parish; the Bataan Technological Park Inc., formerly known as the Philippines Refugee Processing Center (PRPC); a 50-year-old deep well of the Galicia Family; the Lighthouse in Barangay Sabang, and the "Mabolo" water pump . For the tangible movable cultural properties, two have been mapped: the sculpture of Maria Salome and the Nuestra Señora Del Pilar. These properties were photographed and video-recorded while its caretakers were interviewed to assess its current condition, problems in the conservation and measures being undertaken to conserve it. These were also proven to have historical and social significance and contributed in the development of the town since the time of the Spanish colonization. The output of the study includes a cultural map, digital coffee table book and documentary video which will be used to boost the tourism development of the town and as materials for the teaching of local history.
Gigi L. Ancog
Preservation is the key to extend the value of cultural sites. The study was conducted to determine the cultural preservation practices of selected cultural sites, Province of Bohol. The findings served as the basis of a proposed cultural preservation manual. Specifically, the study sought to identify the profile of respondents in terms of: age; gender; highest educational attainment; and length of service. Identify cultural preservation practices of the cultural site in terms of: protection from natural disasters; documentation/research; conservation/restoration; cultural knowledge; community involvement; and supportive policy and legislation. Determine the challenges encountered in implementing the cultural preservation practices and analyze if there is a significant relationship between profile of respondents and their cultural preservation practices. The study used descriptive-correlational research with researcher-made survey questionnaire. The respondents of the study were employees from 8 identified cultural sites with 42 respondents. The researcher used purposive sampling method. The study was conducted in selected cultural sites, particularly, Alburquerque; Baclayon; Dauis; Dimiao; Loay; Loboc; Panglao and Maribojoc. The instrument has 3 parts: profile of respondents; cultural preservation practices; and challenges encountered in implementing cultural preservation practices. Statistical tools include frequency count; per cent; weighted mean; ranking; one-way ANOVA; and multiple regression analysis were used in the study. The majority of respondents were 50-59 ages, females, holding college degrees and have served 0-5 years. Respondents regarded conservation and restoration efforts as highly practiced. Furthermore, protection from natural disasters; documentation and research; cultural education/knowledge; community engagement/involvement and supportive policy and legislation were regarded as moderately practiced. Lack of funds and resources; and natural calamities were identified as challenges to preservation. The analysis revealed no significant relationship between respondents’ profiles and their cultural preservation practices. Protecting cultural sites involves preventive conservation practices for sustainability. Recommendations include implementation of proposed cultural preservation manual and conduct further studies.
Gemma A. Bautista, Ma. Xenia Z. Bitera
This descriptive-correlational research investigates the role of customer experience and service quality in influencing customer retention in restaurants that employ individuals with disabilities. Respondents of this study were 288 customers of a restaurant with employees with disabilities. Specifically, his study aimed to understand the demographic profile of customers, assess their experiences with the physical features of the restaurants and the service performance of employees with disabilities, evaluate the service quality provided by these employees, and examine customer retention. It also sought to identify any significant differences in customer perceptions based on demographic variables and determine the relationship between customers' experiences, service quality, and customer retention. Results of this revealed that the majority of the respondents belonged to Generation Z, were male, unmarried, had a college degree, and with a household income of Php 21,194 or below. Interestingly, the demographic characteristics of customers did not significantly influence their perceptions of the restaurant's physical features or the service performance of employees with disabilities. This suggests that the positive customer experience is consistent across different demographic groups. Moreover, a significant relationship was found between customers' experience and their perception of service quality. Positive experiences, influenced by both the physical environment and the service performance, reinforced customers' perception of high service quality. Employees with disabilities can significantly contribute to service quality, leading to higher customer retention rates. Individuals with disabilities can effectively work in the restaurant industry, provided they receive adequate education and job training. Based on these findings, a framework to improve the customer experience and PWD employees’ service quality to increase customer retention was crafted.
Mazurina Mohd Ali, Noor Hasniza Haron
The COVID-19 pandemic was an important factor that has reshaped how individuals and organization’s function, accelerating global reliance on digital technologies for work, communication, education, and commerce. While this shift ensured continuity during lockdowns, it also created opportunities for cybercriminals. The purpose of this study is to examine the surge in cyber fraud during the pandemic, its causes, and socio-economic impacts. Past studies determine that cyber fraud leads to financial losses and psychological distress. To counter these risks, the paper recommends enhancing cybersecurity literacy, enforcing data protection, maintaining vigilance, and strengthening institutional and governmental measures. It concludes by stressing the need for ongoing public awareness, policy action, and personal responsibility in combating cyber fraud in the post-pandemic digital era.
Mohd Hafiz Bakar, Nurul Nadia Ramli, Siti Norbaya Yahaya
The purpose of this study is to assess the level of cyber security awareness among Malaysians who utilize the digital banking services. In addition to secondary data (such as journal articles, books, websites, and news articles), a survey questionnaire serves as the major data source for this study. A quantitative technique is also employed to collect information from a sample of 399 Malaysian digital banking users. Among Malaysians who utilize digital banking, knowledge of cyberattacks, laws and regulations, and multi-factor authentication are all significantly correlated with cybersecurity awareness. This study looks at the knowledge that users of digital banking should have about cyber security, including knowledge of laws and guidelines, multi-factor authentication (MFA), and cyber-attacks.
Adesuyi Ololade Oluwatosin
This study evaluates the intersection of cyber threats, national security, and regional collaboration in West Africa, and specifically how the cybersecurity architecture in Nigeria is changing. It discusses the way the growing digitization of the Nigerian economy and government has made the country more susceptible to cybercrime, disinformation, and espionage, as these problems are now considered critical concerns related to national security. The paper is based on the theory of securitization and regional security complex framework to evaluate the policy reactions of Nigeria, institutionalization and the importance of regional collaboration within the framework of ECOWAS and Malabo Convention of the African Union. Based on content analysis of secondary data and policy documents, the study shows the presence of institutional weaknesses, lack of technical capacity, and legal harmonization as the key obstacles to effective cyber governance. Sustainable cyber resilience requires national coordination, capacity building and enhanced regional collaboration. Study findings highlight the fact that the leadership of ECOWAS in Nigeria should transition to policy supremacy to facilitate cooperation so as to establish a collective cyber defense and digital stability in West Africa.
Ezatul Emilia Muhammad Arif, Hajar Opir, Mohd Erfino Johari, Norazmi Anas, Wan Yusnee Abdullah, Yusni Mohamad Yusak
This study explores the integration of da’wah (Islamic preaching) in creative works, focusing on the Malaysian film Munafik 1 directed by Syamsul Yusof, which has successfully combined cinematic artistry with Islamic teachings. The research addresses a significant gap in da’wah studies, where film as a medium of spiritual communication has not been systematically analyzed through an established theoretical lens. Using Hasyim Awang’s Da’wah Approach Theory grounded in aesthetics, morality, and the supremacy of Allah SWT, the study examines how faith-based messages are represented and internalized through film narrative, character development, and visual design. Employing qualitative content analysis supported by CAVDIx-pro and ATLAS.ti 11.0 software, the study analyzes selected scenes of Munafik 1 to identify da’wah elements within the dimensions of aqeedah (faith), akhlaq (morality), syariah (law), and ibadah (worship). The findings reveal that the film effectively portrays Islamic values through depictions of faith in Allah, eradication of shirk (polytheism), the use of ruqyah (spiritual healing), moral conduct, modest dressing, and acts of worship such as prayer and remembrance of death. These cinematic portrayals encourage viewers to reflect on Islamic principles while promoting ethical and spiritual awareness. The study concludes that Munafik 1 exemplifies the potential of film as a contemporary wasilah (medium) for da’wah that transcends entertainment, guiding audiences toward religious consciousness and moral integrity. By integrating artistic creativity with spiritual depth, this research highlights how Islamic cinema can serve as an influential educational platform for cultivating holistic moral development and strengthening the spiritual fabric of Muslim society.
Irma Wani Othman, Kasoma Thia, Mohd Khairi Lebai Ahmad, Romzi Ationg, Saifulazry Mokhtar, Sylvi Mersumpin
The implementation of da'wah is not solely the responsibility of designated preachers; rather, it is a duty that should be embraced by every individual who identifies as a Muslim. However, for da'wah to be effective, it must be executed through systematic and well-planned strategies prior to any actual engagement. This is because well organized and impactful da'wah efforts contribute to the development of a morally upright and civilized society, thereby playing a vital role in sustaining human civilization particularly in the context of Sabah. Considering this, the present study was conducted to examine the da'wah policies and strategies implemented by religious institutions towards prisoners in Sabah. It also explores the collaborative roles of the Sabah State Islamic Religious Affairs Department (JHEAINS), the All-Sabah Islamic Organisation (USIA), and the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) in delivering da'wah to inmates across the state. This research adopts a qualitative approach, employing literature review and interviews with prison officers who are considered the closest personnel to the inmates. Findings indicate that the core mission of these three religious institutions centers on community based da'wah outreach whether targeting Muslims or non-Muslims. Nevertheless, the primary responsibility for prison-based da'wah has been entrusted to JAKIM as the government designated agency. Despite this division of roles, all three institutions collaborate in efforts to uphold and preserve human civilization in Sabah. This study is expected to serve as a valuable reference for da'wah practitioners, particularly in guiding the dissemination of da'wah materials to marginalized and at-risk groups in various settings.
Farah Safura Muhammud, Nur Ain Nazifa Zawawi
The lack of data integration between the Syariah Court and other departments in Malaysia is one of the challenges in the administration of Islamic families in the Syariah Court, Malaysia. The credibility of Malaysia's Islamic judicial institutions will erode if this predicament remains. The Malaysian Syariah Justice Department (JKSM), the Malaysian Islamic Development Department (JAKIM), the Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM), and Bank Negara are among the various organizations involved in the cases in the Malaysian Syariah Court. Therefore, this study aims to identify the improvement of the data system in the management of Muslim families in the Malaysian Syariah Court. This study interviewed three respondents consisting of 1 JKSM Officer (Respondent 2), and 2 academics (Respondent 1&3). Interview data has been processed using thematic analysis using Nvivo.The results of the study show that there are four themes which is Claims still being done manually in courts, Different jurisdictions in between states, The lack of integration between Syariah Court and other institutions and the lack of information in system e-Syariah and e-Nafkah. From the theme, it is important to empower the data system in the Syariah Court to be more advanced and organized to facilitate the affairs of all parties. This improvement is important because it is significant with the development of Malaysia Madani initiated by the Prime Minister of Malaysia, where emphasis is placed on the development of socially prosperous Malaysian families and communities. In addition, this improvement is important to be an example for family management in other countries.
Akpochafo Emojevwe Kevin, Prof. Callister Kidochukwu Obi, Prof. Peter Chukwuyen Egbon, Uchebenu Ikechukwu
Trade reforms abound across West Africa, yet their growth pay-off remains stubbornly uneven. Do institutions determine whether policy openness translates into real integration and higher incomes in ECOWAS? This study addresses that question by distinguishing de jure (policy-based) from de facto (flow-based) trade openness and testing the moderating role of institutional quality. Using a balanced panel of fifteen ECOWAS economies over 2000–2022, we assemble secondary annual data from WDI, UNCTAD and the Fraser Institute. Methodologically, we estimate pooled OLS, select Random Effects via a Hausman test, and implement Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimators to separate short-run from long-run effects. De jure openness, proxied by the mean tariff rate, is positively and significantly associated with economic growth in the long run (PMG), whereas de facto openness (trade/GDP) is insignificantly related to growth. Institutional quality (control of corruption) exerts a direct positive effect and strengthens the impact of both de jure and de facto openness in interaction models. Foreign direct investment and exchange rate appreciation are also positively associated with income in the Random Effects specification. The study contributes theoretically by integrating an institutional-augmented endogenous growth lens to explain why policy commitments yield divergent outcomes, and practically by showing that durable gains from AfCFTA and ECOWAS schemes hinge on credible governance and trade-facilitation reforms. Policymakers should prioritise institutional strengthening and stable macroeconomic settings to convert legal liberalisation into sustained, inclusive growth.
Ahmad Naufal Bin Sohaimi, Mohd Nur Azam bin Mohd, Nuryn Nazzlina Binti Mohamed Ecbal, Yusri Hazrol Yusoff
This study investigates the growing issue of financial misrepresentation and asset concealment in marital divorce cases, with a specific focus on Malaysia. It explores three key forms of deception including non-disclosure of income, hidden assets, and manipulation of financial documents, and the impact they have on fairness of divorce settlement. Pulling from the existing literature, legal frameworks, and case data, the research identifies systemic loopholes that permit such deceitful behaviors to continue especially in Malaysia’s dual legal set up. Findings identify disproportionate vulnerability of economically dependent spouses, including women, to financial deception and demand immediate legal changes, accounting within the forensic practice, and increased financial transparency. The research makes a valuable contribution to the academic and legal debate by putting forward practical recommendations for improving policy, practice, and awareness. Ultimately, it calls for a more open, fair divorce court process that emphasizes the protection of the financial rights of all those involved.
Tissa Hemarathne
Every management degree program in Sri Lanka has law components in its curricula. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the law subject is difficult for non-law undergraduates, especially management undergraduates. Consequently, the application of those legal principles in practice by management graduates is questionable. One reason may be the method of dissemination of legal knowledge. This study examines the learning experience and perceptions of management undergraduates who studied law/business law as a compulsory subject in their degree programs, to understand the pedagogical/educational approaches that can enhance students’ engagement in learning law. The paper adopts a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews with 46 management undergraduates and 34 management graduates in public universities in Sri Lanka. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify the key themes, patterns, and constraints from students’ perspectives. This paper identifies students’ experiences of learning law, including challenges such as the complexity of the legal language and the volume of syllabus contents, etc. It is suggested that the importance of adopting student-centered interactive learning approaches that not only enhance students’ engagement in learning but also deepen their understanding of business law concepts. This approach plays a vital role in fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are indispensable for their professional development and success.
Masango Brian Allen, Monica Zembere
This article explores ways of decolonising higher education for social justice to prevail. The study begins with a description of, decoloniality, as a framework informing higher education systems in Africa. Challenges confronted by African governments as they endeavour to decolonise ingrained systems are, discussed in the paper. The study employed a descriptive research design informed by qualitative research methodologies to create and come up with a comprehensive and accurate representation of, decoloniality in Africa’s higher education. The study is, guided by the assumption that almost all Southern African States have similar challenges of social injustices in Education. The findings of the research are that, higher education in Africa is fraught with challenges emanating from inequalities, access equity and quality education. The poor who cannot afford affluent schools and universities remain disenfranchised while the rich are able to send their children to expensive universities with adequate teaching and learning resources. If principles of justice and freedom were, observed as tenets of, decoloniality in Africa’s universities, the racial and ethnic conflicts that characterised the universities could not have taken place. The #RhodesmustFall of 2015 by the students is one such example of the violent underlying demand of freedom from the students largely motivated by colonial legacies in education. Among the demands by the students was, “the decolonisation of the curriculum, and socially just pedagogies and equity of access” (Postma, 2019, p. 7). Decoloniality as a democratic philosophy appears to be, weakened in higher education by alarming incidences of violence, corruption and lack of resources.
Damar Jennifer Akor, Dr. Emmanuel Yusuf Damar
The effects that climate change is having on current and future generations are multifaceted, with new repercussions constantly surfacing that put human and environmental health at a low point. Due to their oblivious environmental practices, rural areas are more susceptible to climate effects. The language used in communication is examined to determine how effective it is at guiding people through this natural slip to promote understanding of climate causes, mitigation, and adaptation. To encourage environmental awareness and action, it also becomes important to record indigenous languages. In Jos North, Plateau State, Nigeria, the study examines decolonising the Language of Climate Communication for Sustainable Environmental Management. With a foundation in Participatory Communication Theory, the study employed a combination of questionnaires and Focused Group Discussions (FGD) to gather data. Seven wards in the research area were used to distribute a total of 70 questionnaires to 70 responders. Sixty-seven completed surveys were validly returned for constructive analysis. Simple percentages were used to analyse the data and record it in tables. Thirty-five people participated in FDG, five of them represented each of the seven wards. Respondents stressed the importance of using indigenous languages to teach them about the causes, effects, mitigation strategies, and adaptation measures of climate change. The dissemination of information tends to resonate with them, instilling a sense of identity and inspiring them to take action. The study came to the conclusion that to increase participation in climate discussions, rural people must be included, and the best communication channel should be used. To guarantee complete inclusivity in promoting environmental sustainability, it was suggested that both governmental and non-governmental actors urgently need to enhance climate change communication in indigenous languages, employing visual, aural, and graphic arts, whenever possible, with cultural signs.
Bakary S. Sonko, Ebrima Boye, Mustapha Jawneh
This paper analyses The Gambia's legal activism at the ICJ as a pivotal case study of decolonising IR in practice. It argues that Gambia's case against Myanmar for alleged genocide against the Rohingya demonstrates how a small African state can avail itself of international legal mechanisms to challenge global power hierarchies and assert a vision of justice rooted in postcolonial solidarity and African philosophical traditions. Going beyond the level of theoretical critique, the paper draws on primary documents of the ICJ and The Gambia's legal submissions to demonstrate a form of "decolonisation-in-action." It examines how The Gambia succeeded in overcoming procedural hurdles, championed the erga omnes partes character of the Genocide Convention, and repurposed the ICJ as a cornerstone of the international system-as an instrument of accountability. While cognizant of resource asymmetry and geopolitical constraints, the study concludes that Gambia's strategic agency constitutes a transformative blueprint of how the Global South states might play the role of active shapers of international norms from within.
Carl Jay D. Mahinay, Dodelon F. Sabijon, Mohamadsamer P.Mamasalagat, Rodito U. Pantaleon
The study explored the lived experiences of security officers in commercial establishments in Metro Cebu. The study delved into the positive and negative experiences, challenges encountered, and aspiration of the informants. The study used the phenomenological research design with the used of an interview guide and voice recorder. The twelve (12) informants were all agency security officers of commercial establishments in Metro Cebu. Open-ended questions and follow-up questions were used to extract in-depth narratives. The interview process comprises the individual interview and the focused group discussion (FGD). After data gathering, the participants' recorded responses were transcribed and translated using Colaizzi's methodological approach. Eleven (11) emergent themes were developed as follows: on the positive experiences of the informants, two (2) themes are derived as follows: Experiences and Good Leadership Training Transforms Lives; and Well-Rounded Security Officer has Their Strategic Thinking for Planning And Proper Security Operation Execution. On the negative experiences, four (4) themes are derived as follows: Behavioral Conflict and Decentralized Organizational Communication Affects the Operation’s Performance; Multi Responsibilities and No Security and Safety Manual is a Dilemma in Retail and Mall Security; No Security Contract, Recruitment Standard, and Lack of Workforce are Security Agency Lapses; and Abide the RA 5487 Law and Human Rights When Making an Arrest. On the challenges encountered, three (3) theres are created as follows: Flexible Security Principles is Vulnerable in Retail and Mall Operation; Poor Decision-Making of Security Issues and Lack of Training is Cost Ineffectiveness; and Observance of Human Rights: Code of Honors and Ethics. On the informants’ aspiration, two (2) themes are created as follows: Security Profession is Noble: Be Proud; and Transform to a Better Life: Fly Like an Eagle.
Alharbi Faisal Baderm
Industry 4.0 is crucial in the industrial revolution, specifically focusing on interconnectivity, automation, machine learning, and real-time data. In this context, the Internet of Things (IoT) is critical, especially in smart environments, where machines are equipped with sensors and interconnected through web-enabled devices. Hence, individuals in this industry must constantly update their knowledge of IoT programming. Online learning is a flexible approach that allows learners to learn at their own pace and access courses from anywhere. However, existing educational websites for learning IoT programming are hindered by the lack of effective application of instructional design principles. Despite the importance of design thinking, there remains a paucity of evidence that educational websites incorporate critical components of effective learning paradigms. Additionally, these websites do not effectively integrate usability principles to make them easy to use and more pleasant. This study aimed to develop an educational website for learning IoT programming by integrating design thinking principles and the ADDIE model. The study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach in three phases to provide more significant insights. The iterative development process for design principles involves empathise, problem definition, ideating, prototyping, and testing. Meanwhile, the ADDIE model stages include analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data were collected from ten learners through a semi-structured interview at the initial stage to identify problems with existing educational websites. Themes and sub-themes were developed from the interview responses using a thematic analysis. The findings were entered into an empathy map, and proposed solutions were used to develop the prototype. In the evaluation/testing stage, the prototype was evaluated by twenty-nine respondents to identify areas of improvement. The study findings were used to make recommendations to improve the prototype to enhance user experience, engagement, and effectiveness in learning IoT programming. The evidence from this study suggests that educational websites should optimize load times, improve mobile accessibility, enhance feedback mechanisms, provide real-time user support, and implement customization features.
Anis Suhaila Mohd Zain, Fauziyah Salehuddin, Hanim Abdul Razak, Hazura Haroon, Muhamad Faris Che Yusof, Muhamad Fuad Abdul Karim, Siti Khadijah Idris@Othman
The rapid growth of urban populations has intensified parking congestion in metropolitan areas, leading to excessive fuel consumption, traffic delays, and environmental concerns. This paper presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart car parking system using Arduino Uno, NodeMCU (ESP8266), and infrared (IR) sensors. The proposed system detects vacant parking spaces and communicates availability to drivers through the Blynk IoT platform in real time. The system was designed, simulated, and tested using integrated hardware and software components, with results showing reliable detection and efficient data transmission to the user interface. The project demonstrates a scalable, cost-effective solution suitable for commercial and residential applications.
A Nasoruddin Mohamad, Alif Saifuddin Saiful Bahrin, Hanissah Binti Mohamad @ Sulaiman, Muhammad Idzdihar Idris, Norazlina Abd Razak, Suzi Seroja Sarnin, Zarina Baharudin Zamani
Sustainable food production has become a global necessity as communities confront challenges related to food security, resource limitations, and environmental degradation. Aquaponics, an integrated system combining aquaculture and hydroponics, offers a sustainable model for resource-efficient farming. However, maintaining water quality is critical to system performance, as imbalances directly affect both fish and plant health. The objective of this research was to design and implement a smart aquaponics system equipped with real-time monitoring to ensure optimal growing conditions while remaining accessible and cost-effective for small-scale and community use. The system was developed using an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with pH, turbidity, temperature, and water-level sensors. Data collection and visualization were managed through the Blynk mobile application, enabling continuous monitoring, one-second data updates, and automated notifications when parameters exceeded predefined thresholds. A prototype aquaponics system was constructed consisting of catfish (Siluriformes) and siow pai-tsai (Chinese cabbage) plants to evaluate system performance. Experimental results demonstrated consistent sensor performance with calibration deviations below ±1%, confirming stable real-time responsiveness. The monitored aquaponics system-maintained water quality within optimal ranges (pH 6–8, turbidity <10 NTU, temperature 27–33°C), supporting improved biological outcomes. Compared with the unmonitored system, fish highlighted greater growth performance (11.5 cm to 13.5 cm versus 11.0 cm to 12.4 cm), and plants revealed more robust development (2.5 cm to 4.8 cm versus 2.4 cm to 3.6 cm). The integration of IoT-based monitoring enhanced productivity, reduced risk of system failure, and demonstrated cost-effectiveness in construction and operation. In conclusion, the developed system highlights the potential of IoT integration in aquaponics as a practical and scalable approach to advancing sustainable agriculture and strengthening community food security. Its affordability and adaptability reinforce its relevance for education, research, and community-based farming initiatives.
Cao Xinyu, Emily Yapp Hon Tshin, Lilian Lee Shiau Gee
The rapid aging of the global population has led to the growth of a senior tourism market, in which older travelers increasingly seek comfort, cultural enrichment, and meaningful experiences. Coastal cultural and creative tourism, integrating local heritage, artistic expression, and participatory activities, offers significant potential to meet these needs. However, many existing coastal tourism brands emphasize youth-oriented aesthetics and commercialized design, often overlooking the accessibility, emotional engagement, and cultural relevance required by elderly visitors. This study adopts a qualitative, interview-based approach involving elderly tourists and professional designers to investigate how brand design strategies can enhance senior-friendly tourism experiences. Thematic analysis reveals critical dimensions—emotional resonance, cultural identity, usability, and participatory engagement—that inform a conceptual framework for designing inclusive, culturally authentic coastal tourism brands. The findings suggest that integrating user-centered design with destination branding can foster stronger emotional connections, cultural continuity, and sustainable engagement, ultimately promoting more inclusive, age-friendly tourism environments in coastal regions.v
Jeonel S. Lumbab, Marinel E. Josol
This study examined the influence of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) constructs—Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Conditions—on consumers’ behavioral intention to purchase seafood products through digital platforms in Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Employing a descriptive-correlational quantitative design, data were collected from 100 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. A validated questionnaire measured perceptions of each UTAUT construct and behavioral intention using a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression were utilized for data analysis. Results revealed that all UTAUT constructs were positively perceived by respondents, indicating favorable attitudes toward digital seafood marketing. Correlation analysis showed strong interrelationships among constructs, with Performance Expectancy exhibiting the highest and most significant association with Behavioral Intention (r = 0.7169, p < 0.01). Regression analysis further identified Performance Expectancy (β = 0.4013, p = 0.002) and Facilitating Conditions (β = 0.4559, p = 0.003) as significant predictors of Behavioral Intention, whereas Effort Expectancy and Social Influence showed moderate yet non-significant effects. These findings suggest that consumers’ online seafood purchasing intentions are primarily driven by perceived usefulness and enabling infrastructure rather than ease of use or social persuasion. The study affirms the applicability of the UTAUT model in the digital seafood market context and underscores the importance of improving technological support, platform performance, and consumer trust to enhance adoption in emerging rural economies.
Fatin Syazwani Safiyuddin, Hafizah Abdul Rahim, Mohammad Harith Amlus, Nadiah Mahmad Nasir, Nurhazirah Yahaya
Customer loyalty plays a pivotal role in sustaining the growth and competitiveness of financial institutions, particularly Islamic banks that operate in accordance with Shariah principles. This study aims to examine the key determinants of customer loyalty, specifically customer satisfaction, service quality, and customer trust, within the context of Islamic banking among business students in Malaysia. The research seeks to identify which of these factors most strongly influences loyalty and to provide empirical insights relevant to Islamic financial management. A quantitative research design was adopted, using structured questionnaires distributed to 335 business students at Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0, applying descriptive, correlation, and multiple regression analyses to test the hypothesised relationships between the independent variables (satisfaction, service quality, and trust) and the dependent variable (loyalty). The results indicate that all three variables have significant positive relationships with customer loyalty, collectively explaining 61.6% of the variance in loyalty. Among these, customer satisfaction emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.438, p < 0.001), followed by service quality (β = 0.290, p < 0.001) and customer trust (β = 0.123, p = 0.025). These findings suggest that emotional and experiential satisfaction play a more decisive role in shaping loyalty than trust or service quality alone. The study concludes that Islamic banks must prioritise strategies that enhance satisfaction and maintain trust to sustain long-term customer relationships. The research contributes to both the theoretical understanding of loyalty formation and the practical development of customer retention strategies in Islamic banking.
Dr. Deepak. R, Dr. K.G.Hemalatha, Ramya H P
Investment is a critical financial activity that involves the allocation of funds into various financial assets to generate returns. For employed women, investment decisions are shaped by multiple socio-economic and psychological determinants. The ability to engage in financial decision-making fosters economic empowerment and enhances financial literacy. Investors can be broadly classified into conservative, moderate, and aggressive categories based on their risk tolerance and investment preferences. Available investment avenues include corporate securities, equities, bonds, blue-chip stocks, and mutual funds. Access to financial information through institutions, markets, and media significantly influences investment behaviour. This study explores the factors influencing investment decisions among employed women, focusing on socio-economic, psychological, and economic aspects affecting their financial behavior. It analyzes the investment choices of working women in Bangalore, Karnataka, using primary survey data. The study focuses on employed women in Bangalore, surveyed in 2024 as the component of analysis. Working women are chosen for the study because, in the contemporary age, working women play a significant role in family decision-making, and contribute to the family's income. Research indicates that women in the workforce are generally cautious and conservative when making investment choices. The research employs exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to identify key determinants of investment decisions of employed women. The results indicate that there are 20 key determinants of investment decisions of employed women. The key determinants include “Holistic Financial Planning and Investment Strategy", "Multifaceted Investment Decision Framework", "Independent Investment Confidence and External Influences", "Independent Analysis with Market and Economic Sensitivity", and "Socially Responsible and Impact-Driven Investing". These insights aim to enhance financial security and promote inclusive economic growth in India.
Ahmad Nizam Bin Othman, Balamuralithara Balakrishnan, Shi Juan
The Monkey King, one of the most emblematic figures in Chinese mythology and literature, has played a vital role in shaping Chinese popular culture and visual storytelling for centuries. Since his first animated appearance in the early 20th century, this legendary character has been continuously reinvented to reflect the cultural, aesthetic, and technological transformations of each era. This study investigates the key determinants of the Monkey King’s character design in contemporary Chinese animation, focusing on how cultural heritage, aesthetic innovation, and technological advancement shape his visual representation. As a central figure in Chinese mythology and literature, the Monkey King has been continuously reinterpreted to resonate with evolving audience expectations and media forms. Drawing on a qualitative content analysis of selected animated works from 1941 to 2025, the research examines determinants including artistic style, cultural symbolism, and media technology. The findings indicate that the integration of traditional cultural motifs with modern digital design techniques has been crucial in maintaining both authenticity and audience appeal. This study provides insights into the interplay between cultural continuity and creative innovation, contributing to broader discussions on character design methodology in contemporary animation.
Dr. Johnbest Churchill Ologhodo, Dr. Nnamdi Chukwuto, Musa Keswet
This study investigates the determinants of value chain accounting and margin ratios in consumer conglomerate companies listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group (NGX). Utilizing an ex-post facto research design, panel data were extracted from the audited financial statements of 11 purposively selected firms spanning 2015 to 2024. The actual cost of quality was adopted as a proxy for value chain accounting, while revenue, gross margin ratio, net margin ratio, and expenditure ratio were employed as explanatory variables. The regression analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between revenue and the cost of quality, suggesting that enhanced product quality correlates with increased revenue generation. Conversely, gross margin and net margin ratios were negatively and significantly associated with the cost of quality, indicating a potential erosion of profitability due to quality-related expenditures. The relationship between expenditure ratio and cost of quality was positive but statistically insignificant. These findings underscore the dual role of quality investments in driving revenue while potentially reducing margin efficiency. The study recommends the adoption of Total Quality Management (TQM), Activity-Based Costing (ABC), lean accounting, and performance-based budgeting as strategic tools for aligning quality initiatives with financial performance in the consumer goods sector.
Mohd Faiez bin Suhaimin, Nur Amalina binti Awang, Wan Nuur Fazliza binti Wan Zakaria
Reading comprehension involves more than understanding words—it requires readers to actively monitor and regulate their thinking while constructing meaning from text. This study explores how metacognitive strategies influence ESL learners’ use of comprehending strategies at a Malaysian public university. Drawing on the idea that effective readers plan, monitor, and evaluate their reading, the study focuses on the extent to which these metacognitive processes support the use of cognitive strategies during comprehension. The findings reveal that learners who are more aware of their reading processes tend to apply a broader range of strategies to make sense of texts. Among the various metacognitive behaviours, planning and monitoring appear to play the most critical role in regulating comprehending strategy. These insights highlight the importance of nurturing learners’ metacognitive awareness to develop more independent, self-regulated readers. The study ultimately emphasizes that teaching students how to think about their own reading is just as vital as teaching them how to read.
Ahmad Afif Ahmarofi, Masriah Mansur, Zetty Ain Kamaruzzaman
Road congestion has long been an issue plaguing urban areas, including Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia. Accordingly, one of the strategies to reduce road congestion, as suggested by the experts, is road pricing, which is successfully practiced in several big cities around the world. Road pricing is a direct charge levied against drivers to reduce the number of private vehicles during peak hours. However, policymakers remain doubtful of its success in effectively reducing road congestion in Kuala Lumpur. In this regard, this study aims to identify the causes and effects related to road pricing implementation to reduce road congestion. To fulfil that, a causal loop diagram (CLD) model based on the system dynamics (SD) approach is developed by considering four significant causal relationships, namely the degree of road congestion, driving attraction, public transport, and road pricing charge. In developing CLD, a curved line with an arrow is created to represent the causal relationship that links one variable to another variable. Every link in the diagram must be labelled with polarity, whether positive or negative. Subsequently, the feedback loop is indicated in two types: either the reinforcing loop or the feedback loop based on the number of negative polarities. As a result, road pricing, road congestion, and driving attraction turn into a reinforcing loop where the changes in these loops could drastically affect the whole system. From the managerial perspective, this research helps highway stakeholders in Malaysia make better decisions by having a holistic view of road pricing implementation for a better metropolitan lifestyle.
Donn Uriel D. Buenaventura
Work Immersion is the key culminating feature in K to 12 Senior High School Program. Different experiences and concerns among internal and external stakeholders in school arose on its pilot implementation in 2017. The study was designed to develop a model for stakeholder engagement management for Technical Vocational and Livelihood (TVL) Strand Immersion Program. The mixed-method of research specifically Sequential Exploratory design was used among 105 purposively selected respondents in 8 Schools Division in Region III where ontological principles though open ended questionnaires were utilized. Participants were composed of work immersion students, work immersion teachers, partnership coordinators and school heads. After manual coding in the qualitative phase there were 48-factors identified, clustered into three themes namely: significant learning experiences, work immersion issues, concerns and challenges, and stakeholder engagement practices. To eliminate biases, thematic data underwent exploratory factor analysis where 11 factors were identified to have high factorability based on its eigenvalues. Moreover, using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin with a computed value of .660 that signifies that the data gathered is suitable for structure detection and the approximated Chi-Square value of 5551.670 significant at the .000 exact level of probability. Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity duly supports the suitability of data since it shows very strong positive correlation between each identified thematic factors that leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Significant learning experiences like attitudes of obedience, self-control, self-discipline, service-oriented, cooperation and skills of having focus and maintaining good working conditions were acquired during work immersion and were considerable factors for engagement of stakeholders. The proposed Work Immersion Stakeholder Engagement (WISE) model aims to address issues, concerns, and challenges in implementing work immersion in order to sustain and established linkages with partner industries as venues for the aforementioned program.
Stephen Anang Ankamah-Lomotey
The critical role of Safety Management Systems (SMS) in developing a robust safety culture is widely acknowledged, yet the specific components that most effectively drive cultural outcomes require further investigation. This study investigates the relationship between the effectiveness of key SMS components and safety culture maturity within organizational settings. Employing a mixed-methods design, the research integrates quantitative analyses, including multiple regression to examine the predictive power of various SMS elements, with qualitative insights from thematic analysis of interviews with safety leaders and employees. The findings reveal that leadership commitment and accountability, employee participation and consultation, and proactive risk assessment are the most significant predictors of a positive safety culture, while overly bureaucratic components like documentation and operational control show a negligible direct impact. The study highlights that the success of an SMS in fostering culture is contingent upon strategic prioritization of human and proactive factors over procedural adherence. Practical recommendations include intensifying visible leadership engagement, formalizing empowered employee participation channels, and revitalizing management review processes to focus on cultural and leading indicators. These findings provide a clear framework for organizations to optimize their safety management systems to achieve genuine and enduring cultural transformation.
Charmyne V. Sanglay
Oyster mushroom powder offers significant health benefits, including being a rich source of dietary fiber, antioxidants, and essential nutrients, making it an ideal ingredient for functional foods aimed at promoting overall wellness. Despite its potential, limited studies have thoroughly explored optimal production methods, physico-chemical properties, and market readiness of mushroom powder, leaving a gap in the industry’s understanding of how to best produce and commercialize this product. Hence, this study aimed to address this gap by evaluating the production, quality, and market potential of oyster mushroom powder through five key objectives. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods to gather comprehensive data. First, it developed a suitable drying method, determining that drying at 60-80°C for one hour produced optimal powder quality in terms of color and fineness. Second, the physico-chemical properties of the powder were assessed, revealing a moisture content of 8.5%, pH level of 6.2, and an acceptable particle size distribution, meeting industry standards for powdered products. Third, the organoleptic properties were evaluated using a 5-point scale (with 5 being highly acceptable) through consumer surveys conducted with 100 respondents, showing high acceptability across attributes such as appearance (mean score of 4.51), aroma (4.48), taste (4.44), and packaging (4.50). These results highlight the product's overall positive reception and potential for consumer satisfaction. Fourth, microbiological tests conducted in accordance with FDA guidelines demonstrated that the powder was free from harmful contaminants such as Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella, and E. coli, while the levels of yeast, mold, and coliforms were within acceptable limits, ensuring product safety. Finally, the market potential analysis revealed that consumers prefer smaller packaging sizes, particularly 100g with a pricing preference of PHP 205.00 for pouch packaging, and 60g with a preference of PHP 150.00 for bottle jars. The results highlight a strong market inclination towards convenient, well-priced, and high-quality mushroom powder. Recommendations include focusing on consumer-preferred packaging sizes and pricing strategies, adhering to stringent safety standards, and enhancing packaging features to meet market demands. This comprehensive approach positions the oyster mushroom powder favorably in the market, catering to consumer needs and ensuring product quality and safety.
Aine Izzati Tarmizi, Mohd Syafiq Mispan, Muhammad Idzdihar Idris, Muhammad Raihaan Kamarudin, Muhammad Syafiq Shafie, Radi Husin Ramlee
Examinations are high stakes environments in which fairness and trust are paramount. Traditional manual approaches to controlling access to restroom facilities during examinations often require invigilators to record the names and entry times of candidates on paper. Such manual logging leaves opportunities for bias, error or impersonation. A biometric toilet monitoring system was designed to address these vulnerabilities by coupling fingerprint authentication with real time data synchronization to a web server. This paper revisits that engineering project through a socio technical perspective. It traces the motivations for automating restroom access, details the hardware and software architecture, reproduces key figures and tables, reports empirical performance findings and situates the system within broader debates about surveillance, consent, privacy and digital inclusion. Ultimately the work demonstrates that a thoughtfully implemented biometric access system can enhance exam integrity while raising questions about equity, autonomy and trust.
Abdullah Haniff Kamal, Khairuddin Osman, Norzahirah Zainuddin
In order to generate force, convey power, and regulate motion, pneumatics which uses compressed air to transmit and control energy is essential. Education must change to satisfy industry demands as automation technologies proliferate. However, conventional hands-on pneumatic systems for teaching are frequently costly, logistically difficult, and inaccessible, which prevents students from learning useful skills. This work discusses the design and development of a free virtual pneumatic control simulator in order to address these issues. Students can experiment with control strategies, visualize system reactions, and study pneumatic control concepts in an interactive, software-based environment with the simulator. For simulation, the architecture combines Simscape and MATLAB/Simulink, and real-time interaction and visualization are made possible using a Python/Flask-Bootstrap interface. When compared to traditional techniques, the results show notable gains in students' conceptual understanding and engagement. The potential of virtual labs to democratize engineering education is demonstrated by this platform.
Abd Majid Darsono, Abd Shukur Jaafar, M. N. Hazeq, Mohd Harris Misran, N. Ain Faqihah, N. Syafiqa, Nur Alisa Ali, Zul Atfyi Fauzan Md Napiah
Urban tree failures have emerged as a growing safety issue in Malaysia, with nearly 5,000 reported incidents in 2023 that resulted in fatalities and considerable damage to surrounding infrastructure. Conventional monitoring methods, including manual inspections and GIS-based management systems, remain largely reactive, time-consuming, and costly to maintain. In response to these challenges, this study presents an Internet of Things (IoT)–based early warning system capable of detecting potential tree instability in real time. The system integrates MPU6050 motion sensors with ESP32 microcontrollers and employs LoRa communication technology for long-range, low-power data transmission. Collected data are automatically uploaded to cloud-based Google Sheets for continuous recording and analysis. When the measured tilt angles surpass a defined threshold, immediate alerts are transmitted to responsible personnel through a Telegram Bot interface. This integrated approach provides a practical, low-cost, and scalable solution that improves detection accuracy, reduces reliance on manual observation, and facilitates more proactive management of urban trees. The use of open-source platforms and readily available components also enhances system accessibility, making it suitable for implementation by local authorities and community-based environmental initiatives.
Angeline P. Dinoro, Debbie Ann M. Laguindab, Liza A. Adamat, Monera A. Salic-Hairulla, Vanjoreeh A. Madale
Genetics, particularly Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance, remains one of the most difficult topics for secondary learners due to its abstract nature and the higher-order reasoning it requires. This challenge is more evident in rural Philippine schools where access to interactive learning resources is limited. This study developed and evaluated SIMredity, an Interactive Strategic Intervention Material designed to enhance Grade 9 learners’ conceptual understanding of non-Mendelian inheritance through print-based, visually enriched, and story-integrated activities. Guided by the 4D Model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) and grounded in Constructivist Theory, Cognitive Load Theory, and Self-Directed Learning Theory, the study employed a mixed-methods design incorporating needs assessment, expert evaluation, quantitative testing, and qualitative feedback. Results from the needs assessment with six Science 9 teachers identified persistent learning difficulties in incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, and sex-linked traits, along with a lack of engaging instructional materials. SIMredity was subjected to expert evaluation using the Department of Education’s LRMDS evaluation tool for print resources and received a Very Satisfactory rating across all components, with a 72.2% percentage agreement among evaluators, confirming its quality, clarity, and content accuracy. Implementation with 35 Grade 9 learners further demonstrated its effectiveness, as shown by a significant increase in mean scores from 9 in the pre-test to 21 in the post-test (t = –22.21, p < 0.001). Learners described the material as colorful, interactive, easy to follow, and helpful in supporting independent and self-paced learning. Overall, the findings indicate that SIMredity is a valid, usable, and effective instructional tool for improving learners’ comprehension of non-Mendelian genetics, especially in resource-constrained educational settings.
Dr Jasper Isoe, Florence Adhiambo Ochanda
The paper reviewed the development, Validation, and Application of the BDI-11 in the Kenyan context. The review established the depth to which the BDI-11 tool had been validated and used within the local clinical and research setting. Peer reviewed studies and theses were revised, and those published between 2016 and 2022 were studied. From the studies the findings revealed that majority of the studies used the original western version which had not been adapted thus exhibiting low linguistic and cultural adaptation within the Kenyan context. The BDI-11 was validated with reliability demonstrated and the three-factor structure meeting the global findings, it was observed that the cut off score variations and language into the local context of Kenya still remained a challenge. For local psychometric framework to improve diagnostic accuracy, there is need for large scale studies to be carried out and this remains a gap. The conclusion for this review is that the BDI-11 is a useful and valid tool to be used as a screening and severity assessment instrument. There is need for further validation and adaptation to ensure context relevance, alignment with cultural sensitivity and policy relevance in assessment and counselling practice for mental health services in Kenya. In addition, there is need to reinforce the work that has started and develop translated versions for use within the Kenyan context with the aim of establishing Kenyan context specific norms or cut-offs. The use of valid tools in the local context ensures that the mental health frequency and problems are truly captured and reflected hence informing early interventions, tracking on treatment outcomes over time and effective clinical management of clients.
Dr. A’isha Umar, Dr. Bello Shehu Abdullahi, Dr. Muhammad Sulaiman Abdullahi, Professor Amina Adamu, Professor Talatu Musa Garba
Reading is an essential component of literacy and the children’s ability to read in the early grades contribute significantly to their academic achievement. As such, caregivers are expected to play a prominent role that will facilitate the reading abilities of their children. This research sets out to provide caregivers with strategies that would enable them to be actively involved in the reading activities of their children. Thirty six (36) children were selected randomly among lower basic level and their corresponding caregivers made up the sample of the research making a total of seventy two (72) respondents. A pre-test was administered on the students to determine the baseline data on their reading abilities while interviews were conducted to determine their caregivers` literacy level. The intervention involved training of the caregivers on reading strategies they can adopt to support their children. A period of six weeks was given to the caregivers to apply the strategies on their children while the researchers monitored the activities weekly. A post-test was also administered on the children after the intervention. The results were analyzed quantitatively using SPSS software package. The findings revealed that children whose caregivers involved themselves in their studies performed better than those with low involvement. The findings further revealed that both the students and caregivers who were exposed to dialogic reading have great improvement on their reading ability.
Ahmad Faqih Ibrahim, Khairul Azhar Meerangani, Mahmood Sabtu, Nor Rahayu Mujahid
This conceptual paper examines digital da‘wah strategies aimed at empowering Islamic understanding among mu’allaf in Malaysia. The rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT) has created new opportunities for disseminating da‘wah messages through social media platforms, Islamic applications, virtual reality (VR), and digital learning environments. Adopting a qualitative methodology with a content analysis design, this study synthesises insights from relevant literature, including academic articles, conference proceedings, and reports related to digital da‘wah. The analysis focuses on strengthening religious understanding and nurturing the Islamic identity of mu’allaf. Findings indicate that effective strategies involve integrating technological tools with the principles of Maqasid al-Da‘wah, customising learning modules according to individual needs, and reinforcing social and emotional support systems. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive policy implementation to optimise the potential of digital technology in advancing da‘wah efforts among mu’allaf.
Noor Zaidi Sahid, Nur Balqis Binti Ridzuan
This study investigates the relationship between digital-literacy competencies and academic-library engagement among Generation Z students in a Malaysian private university. Grounded in the Big6 Model, DigComp 2.2 Framework, and Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy, the research adopts a quantitative descriptive-correlational design to examine how information literacy, critical thinking, digital communication, and problem-solving skills influence students’ use of digital-library resources. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire (N = 421) and analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression in IBM SPSS Statistics 29. Findings indicate that while students exhibit moderate overall digital literacy (M = 3.47, SD = 0.61), their engagement with institutional e-resources remains limited (M = 2.96). All four literacy dimensions correlated positively with library engagement (p < .01); however, information literacy emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.48, p < .001), followed by problem solving (β = 0.24) and critical thinking (β = 0.19). The results highlight a perception–practice gap: students overestimate their abilities yet underuse scholarly databases. The study affirms that higher-order cognitive and evaluative skills are central to effective digital participation and recommends integrating structured literacy modules, gamified tutorials, and peer-mentoring initiatives to strengthen Malaysia’s digital-competency agenda.
Mira Susanti Amirrudin, Saling, Tiomy Butsianto Adi
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of Indonesia’s economy, yet in Eastern Indonesia, they face persistent challenges in competing within the digital era due to limited infrastructure, low digital literacy, and weak market access. This study explores how integrated digital marketing strategies, city branding, and tourism destination development can enhance MSME competitiveness while fostering inclusive regional growth. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with purposive case analysis, the research examined MSME practices across diverse sectors such as culinary tourism in Peneleh, halal tourism in Madura, weaving crafts in Pedan, and creative economy initiatives in Bojonegoro. Data were obtained from secondary sources, documentation, and prior empirical studies, then analyzed through content analysis and triangulation with the Penta Helix model involving government, academia, businesses, communities, and media. Findings reveal that digital marketing, particularly through social media platforms, websites, and online marketplaces, significantly increases visibility, consumer engagement, and sales. Moreover, the synergy of city branding and tourism destination promotion provides broader platforms for MSMEs to strengthen their identity and expand markets. However, adoption remains uneven due to infrastructure and skills gaps. The study concludes that collaborative, innovative, and technology-driven strategies are essential for empowering MSMEs, preserving local culture, and promoting sustainable economic development in Eastern Indonesia.
Abidemi Abiola Isola, PhD, Chibuzor Ayodele Nwaodike, PhD, Odunola Motunrayo Aikomo
The Paris Agreement (2015) establishes a global framework for coordinated climate action, focussing on mitigation, adaptation, and capacity building. Article 12 emphasises the importance of education, public participation, and access to information, highlighting the pivotal role of youth in transformative climate governance. This study analyses the convergence of youth empowerment, digitalisation, and the execution of the Paris Agreement in Nigeria and Rwanda. The study assesses the impact of the Agreement's domestication on youth engagement in climate mitigation and resilience, as well as the role of digital governance innovations in improving effectiveness across various national contexts. Grounded in Empowerment Theory, Transformative Governance Theory, and Digital Era Governance, the study employs a qualitative comparative case study design, integrating document analysis and comparative policy review to elucidate contextual differences between Nigeria and Rwanda. The findings indicate that both countries have shown increasing institutional commitment to youth inclusion and digital innovation via initiatives such as Nigeria’s Investment in Digital and Creative Enterprises (iDICE) and Three Million Technical Talent (3MTT) programmes, along with Rwanda’s Digital Ambassadors Programme (DAP). The effectiveness of these initiatives is influenced by socio-economic inequalities, varying political cultures, and historical legacies that affect policy implementation. Ongoing challenges, such as inadequate Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems, institutional fragmentation, and disparities in digital access, persistently hinder transformative outcomes. The study concludes that aligning the implementation of the Paris Agreement with inclusive digital policies, enhancing inter-ministerial coordination, investing in youth digital competencies, and promoting multi-stakeholder collaboration will improve adaptive governance and facilitate equitable, technology-driven climate transitions in both countries.
Dr. Akash Dwivedi, Sachin Kumar Dwivedi
The way that individuals and public entities communicate has changed as a result of the growing use of digital technology in governance. Digital public relations, or DPR, has become a vital tool for improving government communication systems' responsiveness, accountability, and openness. Through the use of social media, online platforms, and e-governance technologies, DPR is essential in helping Madhya Pradesh's Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) close the gap between administrative officials and urban dwellers. This study looks at how DPR practices are incorporated into e-government systems and how well they work to guarantee participatory urban governance. The study examines digital communication efforts carried out by different ULBs in Madhya Pradesh and is based on both primary and secondary sources. It emphasizes how policy information is shared, emergencies are handled, complaints are addressed, and public involvement is encouraged through the use of digital platforms. The study also looks into how much DPR methods help to improve service delivery, foster trust, and allow for real-time communication between the public and government entities. Issues that affect these efforts' effectiveness, such digital inequalities, low technical literacy, and budget limitations, receive special focus. The results show that although ULBs' outreach and visibility have been greatly enhanced by digital public relations, institutional capability, public awareness, and regular digital interaction are still necessary for e-governance to be effective. According to the study's findings, DPR may revolutionize urban government in Madhya Pradesh by promoting transparency, efficiency, and inclusion when properly paired with e-governance frameworks. By highlighting the importance of communication tactics in enhancing grassroots democratic involvement, this study adds to the larger conversation on digital governance.
Dr. GASHEMA Bruce, HABIMANA Gilbert
The effects of the digital tax administration systems on revenue performance in Rwanda, specifically on eBilling Machines’ (EBMs) and electronic tax portals, form the focus of this study. Using a mixed methods approach involving survey of 100 tax payers and practitioners and quantitative analysis through the SPSS Version 24, it aimed at providing empirical evidence on the performance, challenges, and potentials of digital tax tool in the Rwandan context. The findings show that the majority of businesses had adopted the digital tax system, with 100% of respondent businesses having EBMs, and 80% proving familiar with such digitally-driven tax platforms. Over half of the respondents (54%) admitted that digital systems improved revenue performance, and roughly 67% agreed that EBMs are very effective in lowering tax evasion. The two aspects that respondents were very positive about the digital systems were improvements in transparency (79%) and operational efficiency (66%). On the contrary, there are many other challenges: poor internet connectivity (24%), lack of training (16%), and technical failure (16%) are wearing down the optimal use of such systems. While arguably positive in compliance behavior, the study concludes that digital tax transformation in Rwanda still has substantial implementation gaps that require targeted interventions. Improvement in areas like provision of sufficient professional support, development of digital infrastructure, simplification of user interfaces, and refinements of vague tax provision are among the proposed recommendations.
Hariati Mansor, Noraziah Abu Bakar, Rezashah Mohd Salleh
The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) integration with corporate governance has redefined the company directors’ responsibility. This scenario has changed the important legal questions on the extent the which directors in Malaysia are obliged to oversee and govern emerging risks and opportunities related to AI and ESG. This article examines the directors’ duties under the Companies Act 2016 using the doctrinal legal research methodology to determine whether there are provisions in relation to AI and ESG governance. To answer the question, a systematic analysis of the statute, case law and other regulatory frameworks is explored to clarify the emergence of legal duties of directors. The positions from the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada are referred to highlight international trends and best practices as a basis of comparison. The article asserts that directors are increasingly required to be actively involved with ESG and AI-related governance risks, including ethical considerations, transparency and sustainability reporting. It emphasised the need for legal reform, board competency enhancement, and clear regulatory frameworks to ensure that the boards are well-positioned to address the growing challenges of AI and ESG. In essence, the article suggests that directors must adopt a strategic and principled approach to governance that aligns with both statutory obligations and stakeholder expectations in the digital and sustainability-driven business landscape.
Nazik Fahmi Jeizan, Nicole Agneta Akinyi
Emotionally Focused Therapy seeks to build attunement and address attachment injuries that affect the quality of our relationships. This study attempts to explore the gendered perspective of attachment trauma that leads to emotional dysregulation in adult romantic relationships and the impact that emotionally focused therapy can have in building relationship satisfaction, where gender plays a role in shaping how we perceive and respond to these injuries. The findings, therefore, seek to emphasise how understanding the influence of gender can enhance therapeutic approaches.
Nadia Omar, Nurazlina Abdul Raof, Rozita Othman, Suria Fadhilah Md Pauzi
Doctrinal legal research remains the principal methodology in legal scholarship, particularly for studies exploring corporate tax governance frameworks. This conceptual article rigorously investigates the doctrinal methodology's foundational role in analyzing complex tax regulatory systems and legal compliance mechanisms within corporate contexts. Utilizing a systematic doctrinal framework, the study deploys primary legal sources, including statutes, regulations, and judicial decisions, alongside authoritative secondary materials to examine corporate tax governance structures. This approach demonstrates methodological effectiveness across diverse corporate tax governance domains, revealing strengths in regulatory analysis, compliance framework evaluation, and enforcement mechanism assessment. The methodology provides comprehensive analytical tools for examining various governance instruments, including corporate liability frameworks, stakeholder protection mechanisms, and regulatory accountability structures. The doctrinal research process comprises precise problem identification, extensive legal materials collection, critical evaluation, analytical synthesis, and normative conclusion drawing. While addressing critiques of doctrinalism’s normative orientation and isolation from empirical methods, the study argues for doctrinal research’s essential role in generating rigorous legal analysis and guiding doctrinal innovation. This research thereby reaffirms doctrinal legal methodology’s primacy in legal scholarship and its capacity to yield robust, normative clarity in the study of law.
Heizal Hezry Omar, Muhammad Abdul Hadi Abdul Rahman, Norhasimah Shahabuddin, Zahirah Hamid Ghul
This paper examines the application of Islamic micro-financing through the Ar-Rahnu contract using a content analysis approach. It explores whether Ar-Rahnu aligns with social finance goals. The findings suggest that Ar-Rahnu offers significant advantages over other Islamic micro-financing options due to its lower pricing, higher margins, and simplified procedures. Additionally, Ar-Rahnu operations are characterized by skilled employees, high customer satisfaction, and the integration of current technology. This study contributes to the literature by comparing Islamic financial products and employing a qualitative methodology that combines content analysis with in-depth interviews.
Nurazila Abdul Aziz, Syakirah Mohammed
The integration of literature in English language teaching has long been recognized as an effective way to promote linguistic, cultural, and affective development. In recent years, drama techniques have emerged as powerful pedagogical tools that transform the literature classroom into an interactive and embodied space for learning. This conceptual paper explores how drama can enhance the teaching of literature in ESL and EFL contexts. Drawing on existing frameworks of literature pedagogy (Collie & Slater, 1987; Carter & Long, 1991) and drama pedagogy (Maley & Duff, 2005; Kao & O’Neill, 1998), it proposes a conceptual model in which drama serves as a mediating process between literary texts, language engagement, and learner development. The paper argues that drama techniques not only foster language acquisition and cultural understanding but also cultivate empathy, critical interpretation, and willingness to communicate. The proposed framework emphasizes drama’s role in bridging linguistic competence and literary appreciation, offering insights for educators and researchers seeking innovative approaches to literature-based language teaching.
Adlan Abdul Razak, Dayang Bachtinissa Nasriana Mohd Nasir, Hanafi Haron, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Muhammad Haziq Hedzril Norhairol, Nurshafiqah Khalid
This paper explores emission trading systems (ETS) in promoting renewable energy through carbon pricing mechanisms, such as cap-and-trade. It examines how ETS has encouraged renewable energy in the European Union and California, and analyses changes in Malaysia's regulatory initiatives. The paper evaluates the effectiveness of ETS in improving the renewable energy industry, despite the absence of a fixed carbon price. It contends that an optimally structured ETS could lead to sustainable energy utilisation and align with the Paris Agreement. The paper presents policy measures to improve ETS effectiveness and safeguard the Malaysian energy sector.
Ariaga Dickson, Dr. Daniel A. Aloysius, Ukeme Monday Udoikut
This study examines e-governance development strategies and their role in improving administrative service delivery in state government-owned universities in Rivers State, with Rivers State University (RSU) as a focal case. It investigates current levels of e-governance adoption, barriers to effective implementation, perceived benefits for administrative processes (admissions, student records, payroll, procurement, human resources, etc.), and strategic interventions that can drive improvement. Using a mixed-methods approach (survey of staff and students; interviews with ICT and administrative leaders; document analysis), the study proposes practical, context-sensitive strategies for phased e-governance implementation, sustainability, capacity building, and monitoring. Findings showed that Rivers State University has adopted several e-governance development strategies, including online payment systems, electronic student registration, digital record management, student information portals, and ICT capacity-building for staff. Based on the findings, the study concludes that e-governance has become a vital and transformative tool for improving institutional administration in Rivers State University. The study recommended among others that the university should upgrade server capacity, expand Wi-Fi coverage and ensure reliable internet connectivity in all faculties, offices and hostels
Chaleeda Som Sak, Mohamad Hanif Abu Hassan, Rini Lestari, Zaiful Affendi Ahmad Zabib, Zuraidah Mohamed Isa
Rural communities often struggle to achieve sustainable livelihoods due to limited financial access, low adoption of sustainable farming practices, and insufficient financial literacy. This study addresses these challenges by examining how eco-microcredit, as a form of green financing, serves as a catalyst for rural transformation through its impact on sustainable farming practices and household sustainability. The study aims to develop and validate a conceptual framework that positions sustainable farming practices as a mediating variable and financial literacy as a moderating variable in the relationship between green financing and household sustainability. Using a conceptual and theoretical approach grounded in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, ecological modernization theory, and innovation-adoption theory, the study integrates financial access, behavioral adoption, and human capability perspectives. The findings suggest that eco-microcredit enhances household sustainability indirectly by promoting the adoption of sustainable farming practices, while financial literacy strengthens this relationship by enabling effective utilization of financial resources. The study contributes theoretically by linking financial inclusion, behavioral change, and sustainability outcomes in a unified model. Practically, it provides insights for policymakers and financial institutions to design integrated eco-microcredit programs that combine financial support, capacity building, and market access to achieve long-term rural resilience and sustainability.
Danielle J. Muazu, Kolawole F. Farinloye, Mayowa Aduloju, Opemipo A. Ijose
This study presents an investigation into the impact of ecotourism on the material degradation of cultural artefacts at the Sango Shrine, Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria. The shrine is a critical heritage-ecotourism nexus, yet the physical impact of increasing visitor traffic on its fragile artefacts remains unquantified, hindering targeted conservation. The primary objective was to establish a statistically predictive model between visitor numbers and artefact degradation. The methodology involved longitudinal monitoring over 12 months. Visitor data (X variable) was collected via park records and direct counts, yielding a monthly range of 150 to 400 visitors. A Degradation Index (DI) was formulated for 20 selected artefacts (5 wooden, 5 terracotta, 5 stone, 5 metal). Each artefact was scored monthly on a continuous scale from 0 (pristine) to 5 (severe degradation) based on six weighted parameters: surface wear (25%), cracking (20%), flaking (20%), discolouration (15%), biological growth (10%), and structural instability (10%). The monthly ΔDI (change in the mean DI for all artefacts) served as the dependent variable (Y). The core analysis was a Simple Linear Regression, Y = β₀ + β₁X + ε, to model the relationship. The results were statistically conclusive. The regression yielded a highly significant model (F(1, 10) = 28.4, p < 0.001) with a strong positive correlation (r = 0.85, R² = 0.722). The regression equation was quantified as ΔDI = 0.0035*(Visitor Count) - 0.42. The slope coefficient (β₁ = 0.0035) was significant (p < 0.001), indicating that for every additional 100 visitors per month, the composite Degradation Index increases by 0.35 units. Disaggregated analysis showed wooden and terracotta artefacts had a steeper degradation rate (β₁ ~ 0.005) compared to stone (β₁ ~ 0.002). This study provides a rigorous, numerical basis for conservation policy, demonstrating that ecotourism traffic is a primary driver of material degradation. The findings necessitate the immediate implementation of a visitor carrying capacity, informed directly by the established regression model to ensure sustainable management of this invaluable cultural site.
Dg Syahirah Nasuha Nurshid, Muhammad Izwan Ikhsan, Musaiyadah Ahmadun, Siti Sarah Izham
The right to education is universally recognized as a fundamental human right under international frameworks such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Yet, for stateless children in Southeast Asia, this right remains precarious. This study examines how Malaysia and Indonesia interpret and implement the educational rights of stateless children, highlighting the gap between international obligations and domestic practices. Guided by an interpretivist paradigm, the research employed qualitative content analysis of approximately legal documents, policy frameworks, NGO reports, and scholarly articles. Findings reveal five recurring themes: rights acknowledged in principle but restricted in practice; documentation as the primary barrier to school access; the central role of NGOs and community-based schools as de facto providers; experiences of discrimination within formal and informal education; and divergent national approaches shaped by centralized versus decentralized governance. The study advances theoretical debates by conceptualizing statelessness as a distinct axis of social exclusion, demonstrating how legal identity intersects with human rights and non-discrimination principles. Practically, the research underscores the need for inclusive education policies, recognition of NGO-led initiatives, and regional cooperation through ASEAN. By offering a comparative perspective, this article provides original insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners concerned with education and child rights.
Farrelli Hambulo, Gladys Matandiko, Melvin Simuchimba
This article provides the first continuous, archival-based history (1890-2025) of the Catholic Church–Government educational partnership in Zambia and shows how long-term institutional co-dependency shaped mass schooling through colonial, post-independence, and neoliberal eras (Snelson, 1974; O'Connor, 2016). Using a qualitative historical case-study method grounded in eccelessiastical and national archives, policy texts, and secondary literature, the analysis identifies three phases: a missionary-led pioneering phase that established educational infrastructure; a post-independence formalization that integrated mission schools into the national system via grant-aid arrangements; and a contemporary period defined by fiscal strain, adaptive financing, and renewed policy negotiation (Kelly, 1999; Luebke & Kanyanga, 2021). Documentary evidence demonstrates that institutional flexibility, diversified funding strategies, and sustained administrative capacity within the Church enabled the partnership to expand and sustain access despite recurring economic and policy shocks (Patrinos, Barrera-Osorio, & Guáqueta, 2009; O'Connor, 2016). The study refines Public-Private Partnership (PPP) theory by showing how path dependency and institutional adaptation operate together to produce durable public–nonstate collaborations, and it offers practical lessons for countries seeking scalable, resilient models for mass education (Adamson & Taylor, 2018).
Gladys S. Escarlos, Jona S. Tañajura, Leizel Jean S. Basman
This article presents a comprehensive systematic review of behavioral and cognitive frameworks in educational program implementation, with a primary focus on operant conditioning and social cognitive theory within the Philippine context. Addressing persistent challenges in school program delivery such as inconsistent fidelity, low learner engagement, and lack of sustained outcomes, the review synthesizes findings from both local and international studies to explore how structured behavioral reinforcement and cognitive modeling contribute to program success. Evidence from selected interventions demonstrates that operant conditioning, through positive reinforcement and contingency management, promotes improved classroom discipline, enhanced engagement, and better academic performance. Similarly, social cognitive theory supports collaborative learning and self-regulation by leveraging peer modeling, mentorship, and opportunities for observational learning. The synthesis identifies that educational programs adopting these theories foster resilient learner communities, boost self-efficacy, and deliver lasting improvements in academic achievement and social outcomes. The review traces the impact of these frameworks from intermediate changes in motivation and participation to long-term effects on school attendance, emotional regulation, and program sustainability. The article concludes that interventions rooted in behavioral and cognitive principles, adapted to school contexts and supported by policy reforms, consistently outperform traditional approaches. The integration of these mechanisms is shown to close achievement gaps, reduce behavioral problems, and advance inclusive educational reform, especially under the Department of Education’s learner-centered agenda. The review ultimately advocates for strategic adoption of theory-based strategies in designing, implementing, and evaluating school programs to systematically address barriers and facilitate durable positive change in educational environments.
Norah Md Noor, Wang Aidong
The integration of Educational Technology (EdTech) courses within pre-service teacher education programs is crucial for equipping future educators with the competencies to leverage technology in their teaching practices effectively. This study employs a bibliometric analysis to map the research landscape of EdTech course design for pre-service teachers. From Scopus database covering the period from 2020 to 2025, a total of 920 relevant publications were identified and analysed by using tools such as biblioMagika® and VOSviewer. The findings reveal a significant increase in research output in this field, and Germany, Spain, Turkey, the United States, and Australia have been the leading contributors. Three dominant thematic clusters emerged from the co-occurrence analysis, teacher education core, technology integration in learning environments, and institutional contexts and design frameworks. Based on 110 analysed publications, these clusters reflect the field’s shift from technical skill training to holistic pedagogical reasoning. The study also identifies challenges, including the theory-practice gap, equity and access issues, and the rapid evolution of technologies such as AI and immersive platforms. It calls for a balanced approach to EdTech course design, which prioritises pedagogical adaptability, addresses equity gaps, and embeds ethical frameworks for emerging technologies. Findings advocate for educational technology courses with strong teaching adaptability and a focus on fairness to enhance the capabilities of future educators.
Dadang Prasetyo Aji
Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK) merupakan lembaga independen yang memiliki peran strategis dalam pencegahan dan pemberantasan tindak pidana pencucian uang di Indonesia. Lembaga ini bertanggung jawab langsung kepada Presiden dan berfungsi sebagai mitra utama aparat penegak hukum dalam mengungkap kasus-kasus pencucian uang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemblokiran rekening dormant oleh tugas Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK) berdasarkan aspek perlindungan konsumen dalam ranah perbankan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode hukum yuridis sosiologis, dengan pendekatan terhadap implementasi penerapan kebijakan di masyarakat secara langsung yakni nasabah sebagai konsumen dalam ranah perbankan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam implementasi penanggualangan dengan cara melakukan pemblokiran rekening dormant oleh PPATK menghadapi sejumlah hambatan seperti celah hukum (loopholes) dalam regulasi sektor keuangan, tumpang tindih peraturan perundang-undangan, serta kurangnya sarana dan prasaran yang dapat dilakukan oleh pihak eksternal sehingga berdampak pada adanya nasabah selaku konsumen yang merasa dirugikan karena kebijakan dinilai belum tepat sasaran dan menimbulkan kurangnya rasa percaya masyarakat untuk menyimpan aset di bank. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil yakni peran PPATK dalam pencegahan tindak pidana pencucian uang sangat krusial sehingga perlu adanya pembenahan regulasi dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan pemblokiran rekening dormant sehingga meminimalisir terjadinya migitasi risiko yang dapat ditimbulkan karena nasabah yang merasa dirugikan dengan adanya kebijakan tersebut.
John Toro Gimba, Mohammed Akaro Mainoma, Simon John Onojah
This study investigates how regulations concerning asset quality of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) affect their financial performance in Nigeria from 2015 to 2025. Concerns about the effectiveness of prudential regulations in sustaining profitability and stability have intensified due to rising non-performing loans (NPLs) and loan concentration. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is applied to data of 41 quarterly observations sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria to explore short- and long-run dynamics between asset quality regulation—measured by loan-to-asset ratios and NPLs—and return on equity. The findings reveal no significant long-run relationship between asset quality regulation and financial performance. However, in the short run, loan-to-asset ratios exert a negative and significant effect, implying that excessive loan growth undermines profitability. Conversely, NPLs show no significant impact, suggesting that banks temporarily offset credit risks through provisioning and income diversification. The absence of long-run cointegration underscores the fragility of asset quality as a driver of sustained profitability. The study concludes that while credit expansion can yield short-term returns, it jeopardises long-term stability without robust risk management. It recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria enforce stricter prudential guidelines, strengthen loan restructuring mechanisms, and promote proactive risk assessment to ensure sectoral resilience.
Bedan Musyoka Mulei, Dr. Joel Tuwey, Dr. Robert Odunga
This study examined the moderating role of buffer capital provision on the relationship between loan portfolio quality and financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Using an explanatory longitudinal design and a census of all 45 commercial banks over the period 2018–2022, the study employs panel-based hierarchical regression to test how delinquency rate, leverage ratio, and portfolio-at-risk influence return on assets (RoA), and how buffer capital moderates those effects. Corrected bivariate and multivariate analyses consistently show that higher delinquency rates, greater leverage and larger portfolio-at-risk are associated with lower RoA (delinquency: β = -0.2346, p = 0.005; leverage: β = -0.1235, p = 0.035; portfolio-at-risk: β = -0.3457, p = 0.001). Buffer capital has a positive direct effect on RoA (β = 0.4568, p < 0.001) and significantly attenuates the negative effects of delinquency, leverage, and portfolio risk (interaction βs = 0.0457, 0.0346, 0.0568 respectively; all p < 0.01). The results indicate that adequate buffer capital improves resilience and helps banks sustain profitability in the face of credit quality deterioration and high leverage. The study recommends strengthened credit risk management, balanced leverage policies, and proactive capital-buffer strategies, and calls for future research to integrate macroeconomic controls and robustness checks.
Bukar Lawan
This study investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial passion, risk-taking propensity, and venture creation in Yobe State, Nigeria, using primary data. Yobe State, located in northeastern Nigeria, possesses untapped entrepreneurial potential, but faces challenges such as limited access to capital and inadequate infrastructure. Understanding the interplay between these factors is crucial for fostering entrepreneurship and economic growth in the region. The study adopts a quantitative surveys design and qualitative. A sample of entrepreneurs and aspiring entrepreneurs from various industries in Yobe State is selected. The surveys measure entrepreneurial passion, risk-taking propensity, and venture creation outcomes. The findings reveal that entrepreneurial passion significantly influences entrepreneurial intentions, opportunity recognition, and venture persistence. Moreover, risk-taking propensity plays a vital role in entrepreneurial decision-making and the subsequent outcomes of entrepreneurial activities. Entrepreneurs with a higher risk appetite exhibit greater willingness to explore uncertain opportunities and take calculated risks. Furthermore, the study explores the impact of entrepreneurial passion and risk-taking propensity on venture creation in Yobe State. It reveals that individuals with high levels of entrepreneurial passion and risk-taking propensity are more likely to identify and exploit business opportunities, mobilize resources, and establish successful ventures. Based on the study's results, recommendations are provided for policymakers, stakeholders, and aspiring entrepreneurs to foster a conducive entrepreneurial ecosystem in Yobe State. These recommendations include improving access to capital, enhancing infrastructure development, implementing supportive policies, and promoting entrepreneurship education and training programs. Overall, this study contributes to the existing literature on entrepreneurship by shedding light on the relationship between entrepreneurial passion, risk-taking propensity, and venture creation in the specific context of Yobe State, Nigeria. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in formulating evidence-based strategies to support entrepreneurship, attract investments, and stimulate sustainable economic development in the region.
Atoo, Sesugh Felix, Christy Mbakohol Jirgba
This study investigated the effect of hands-on, activity base strategy on students’ interest in Basic Science in Kwande, Benue State, with a focus on gender as a moderating variable. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. A pretest-posttest control group, non-equivalent quasi-experimental design was used for the study. The sample size of 167 students from intact classes were drawn from the population of 2,523 (1315 males and 1208 females) Basic 8 students from public secondary schools in Kwande Local Government Area of Benue State. The four schools were assigned to experimental and control groups. The Basic Science Interest Rating Scale (BSIRS) was used for data collection. The BSIRS items of the instrument were subjected to face and content validation. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha formula. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was found to be 0.84. A hands-on, activity base lesson plan was used for classroom instruction in the experimental group while the control group used lesson plan on lecture method for instruction. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation, while the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings from the study revealed that learners taught using the hands-on, activity base strategy significantly improved students interest more than those in the control group. The study also revealed that the male students showed higher interest in Basic Science than their female counterpart after treatment with hands-on, activity base strategy. Based on the findings, it was recommended that hands-on, activity base strategy should be used in teaching habitat in Basic Science in Basic 8 to enhance students’ interest in the subject
Ajayi, Modupe Olayinka, Oluwasesin, Olayemi Deborah
This study investigates the effect of human capital expenditure on the profitability of 21 consumer goods companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group over the 2015–2024 period. Using panel data extracted from audited annual reports. Results reveal a strong positive impact of T&D on ROA (β = 18.42, p < 0.001), indicating that a one-percentage-point increase in training intensity boosts ROA by 18.42 percentage points. Conversely, S&W negatively affects ROA (β = -1.35, p = 0.002), suggesting that wage intensity without skill enhancement erodes profitability. The findings underscore that not all human capital spending is value-accretive training drives strategic advantage, but salaries alone signal inefficiency. The study recommends prioritizing T&D investments and linking salary growth to skill development to optimize long-term profitability in Nigeria’s consumer goods sector.
Ebrima Saine, Manjie Sambou, Sulayman Ceesay
In this quasi-experimental study, 90 senior secondary Gambian students' academic performance in practical geography was examined in relation to performance tasks and peer testing assessments. The Performance Task group received the highest post-test scores, followed by the Peer Testing group, while the Traditional Method control group received the lowest. The results showed a significant effect of assessment type. In the Peer Testing group, there was a significant gender gap that favoured men, but not in the Performance Task group. The experimental groups showed increased motivation and engagement, according to qualitative data. The study, which draws its conclusions from constructivism and self-determination theory, concludes that performance tasks are very successful and suggests incorporating them into the geography curriculum in addition to teacher preparation programs and additional research on gender dynamics in group settings.
Adejuwon Yinka, Amodu Emmanuel, Gbenga Enisan
Street trading represents a critical component of the informal economy in Nigeria’s urban centers, yet its unregulated growth creates significant conflicts with planned land uses. This study investigates the spatial distribution, impacts, and policy implications of street trading in Akure, Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods approach that integrates field surveys, key informant interviews, and GIS-based spatial analysis, the study examines the nature of street trading, its effects on designated land uses, and the challenges faced by planning authorities. Findings reveal that foodstuffs dominate trade (37.6%), with sidewalks (41%) and road shoulders (24%) as key trading locations, reflecting strategic entrepreneurial rationality rather than random activity. Street trading significantly contributes to traffic congestion (28%), land-use conversion, and environmental degradation, with 84% of surveyed areas reporting conflicts between informal and formal uses. Planning authorities face resource limitations (55%), weak legal frameworks (15%), and trader resistance (28%) that hinder effective regulation. Stakeholder perspectives highlight tensions between livelihood security and urban quality of life, with residents favoring better regulation (41.2%) over elimination. The study recommends designated trading zones, integration of trading spaces in mixed-use developments, and adaptive governance frameworks to balance economic inclusivity with sustainable urban development.
Aramide Anike Anpe, Teresa Nmadu
The Global Hospitality Industry, Including Hotels, Is Characterized By Intense Competition, Demanding Work Schedules, And A High Degree Of Customer Interaction. The Main Objective Of This Study Is To Examine The Effect Of Work-Life Balance And Affective Commitment On Employees’ Performance In The Hotel Industry: Evidence From Plateau State, Nigeria. This Study Utilized An Explanatory Design And Quantitative Approach To Gather Data Through A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Survey. The Population Of The Study Is 1,147 Employees And Line Managers And Sample Size Of 297 Determined Using Taro Yamane’s Formula. Structured Questionnaires Were Administered To 297 Respondents And 282 Was Returned Representing 95% Retrieval Rate. Convenient Sampling Techniques Were Used To Select The Study Respondents Among Hotels Employees In Jos/Bukuru Metropolis Of Plateau State. This Study Relied On Only Primary Sources Of Data And Structured Questionnaires For Data Collection. This Study Applied The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (Pls-Sem) Technique Using Smartpls Application Software Package Version 4.1.1.1. The Results Showed That There Is A Positive And Significant Relationship Between Work-Life Balance And Employee Performance Because The P-Value Of 0.000 Was Found To Be Less Than Threshold Of 0.05. The Study Also Revealed That Affective Commitment Had A Positive And Significant Relationship With Employee Performance Because The P-Value Of 0.000 Was Found To Be Less Than The Threshold Of 0.05. Management Should Consider Implementing Flexible Work Arrangements, Such As Flexible Hours, Remote Work Options, And Compressed Workweeks, Where Feasible. This Will Allow Employees To Better Manage Their Personal And Professional Responsibilities, Leading To Improved Work-Life Balance. Management Should Encourage Employee's Emotional Attachment To, Identification With, And Involvement In An Organization. It Is Characterized By A Feeling Of "Wanting" To Belong.
Dr. AmbroseVengi, Dr. Otieno, Mr. Kenneth Mauki
This paper investigated the effectiveness of adjudication mechanisms by the government of Kenya in resolving land disputes in Tharaka North sub –County between 1963 and 2020. It maintained that land was and is still an emotive issue in the Tharaka North Sub County that has seen perennial disputes and enormous destruction of property and loss of people. Prior to the advent of colonialism in1885 land was possessed under the customary law in Tharaka. Clan leadership played a crucial in the control and management of land in Tharaka. The study was purposively conducted in Tharaka North Sub County. Underdevelopment theory of Raul Prebisch theories was used to guide the study and a descriptive research design was applied. A sample size of 50 in-depth interviews was conducted to get oral information, which was corroborated with archival and secondary data. Qualitative Data was analyzed using historical narrative and thematic approach, and then it was subjected to the context and content analysis to ensure reliability and validity of data. Quantitative data was analyzed by use of Statistical Package for Social Science versions 11.0. The study found out that land ownership drastically changed on arrival of British colonialist who introduced land ordinances. On attainment of independence land adjudication began where most parcels of land were possessed by the noble class. Therefore, the study recommended that the judiciary fast track the pending and backlog of land cases in courts to address land disputes once and for all in Tharaka. This will be instrumental in contributing to global goal 9 on descent work and economic growth by proper use of land for economic growth.
Norshahidatul Hasana Ishak, Nur Alissya Rozi, Nurul Hidayah Mat Zain
Mathematics plays a vital role in our daily lives, not only in academic settings but also in solving real-world problems. Despite its significance, many individuals, particularly students in primary and secondary schools, struggle to grasp mathematical concepts. The challenges stem from difficulties in mastering various formulas and solving equations, which often lead to a lack of interest and motivation in learning mathematics. This issue calls for innovative teaching methods that are engaging and student-friendly. One promising solution is the implementation of game-based learning to enhance students' understanding and interest in mathematics. This project aims to improve mathematical engagement by achieving three main objectives: (1) to design a 2D game-based learning model for teaching mathematical methods, (2) to develop a 2D game-based learning application, and (3) to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing students’ learning. The Agile methodology was adopted for its flexibility and clarity in managing iterative development processes. In designing the game, the Mechanics-Dynamics-Aesthetics (MDA) Framework was applied, focusing on game mechanics, user interaction (dynamics), and overall experience (aesthetics). The effectiveness of the project was assessed using pre- and post-questionnaires. The results demonstrated a 54.07% improvement in students’ understanding and interest in mathematics, indicating that game-based learning is a promising tool for enhancing educational outcomes. Thus, the project's objectives were successfully met. However, several limitations were identified. The current version of the game is limited to practising the order of operations, can only be accessed on desktop computers, supports only the English language, and does not allow players to choose or customise their characters. Future enhancements may include expanding the mathematical concepts covered, developing mobile-friendly versions for smartphones and tablets, incorporating multiple language options such as Bahasa Melayu, and enabling character customisation to improve user engagement. Overall, this project highlights the potential of game-based learning in making mathematics more accessible and enjoyable for young learners, laying the groundwork for future educational innovation.
Johnson Mavole, Lucy Nicholous, Ludovick Myumbo
This study comprehensively examines the effectiveness of the Youth Development Fund (YDF) in enhancing youth entrepreneurship specifically in Ilemela Municipality, located in the Mwanza Region of Tanzania. Guided by the theoretical framework of Social Capital Theory, the study pursued three specific objectives aimed at gaining in-depth insights. These objectives include identifying the number of entrepreneurial training sessions provided to YDF beneficiaries, determining the number of youth-owned enterprises that have been funded by the YDF, and assessing the sustainability rate of businesses that are supported by the YDF. A descriptive survey design was employed, utilizing a mixed-methods approach to gather rich qualitative and quantitative data. A total of 110 respondents, including Youth Development Officers, Community Development Officers, and youth beneficiaries, were carefully selected through purposive and convenience sampling techniques. Data were collected using well-structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews and subsequently analyzed descriptively to draw meaningful conclusions. The findings revealed that most respondents were aware of the YDF and that the majority had participated in at least one entrepreneurial training focusing on crucial topics such as digital investment, group fund management, and business planning. Notably, the YDF was found to contribute not only to financial empowerment for the youth but also to skill development that is essential for the long-term sustainability of their enterprises. This study highlights the importance of such initiatives in fostering entrepreneurship among marginalized groups, thereby promoting economic growth in the region.
Mutai Collins
The international tea market exhibits significant price volatility, creating challenges for household incomes, food security, and government revenues in tea-producing nations. As a leading global tea exporter, Kenya faces similar risks due to fluctuations in tea export prices. This study explored the impact of selected macroeconomic variables, namely inflation rate, interest rates, and exchange rates, on Kenyan tea export prices, aiming to understand how these factors influence prices in international markets. Its objectives were to examine the effect of exchange rate changes, assess inflation’s influence, and evaluate the impact of interest rates on tea export prices. Using a quantitative research design, the study analyzed quarterly time-series data from 2000 to 2022, incorporating quarterly dummy variables (with the fourth quarter as the reference) to account for seasonal variation. Descriptive statistics and the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test ensured stationarity, while Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression estimated the relationships between each macroeconomic variable and tea export prices. Findings indicated that exchange rates and inflation significantly drove short-term price fluctuations, with exchange rate depreciation linked to price changes, and inflation showing a positive same-quarter effect but a negative effect in later quarters, reflecting delayed market adjustments. Interest rates had no significant impact. The study also noted price persistence and seasonal trends, particularly higher price changes in the third quarter. It concludes that stabilizing exchange rates and inflation, especially during high-demand quarters, is crucial for sustaining tea export earnings, while recognizing the influence of unobserved factors on price variability.
Dr. MOHAMMED, Ridwan Enuwa, ONANUSI, Babajide Abayomi
This research work is titled Effects of Virtual Simulation Package on the performance of Senior School Students in Modern Physics in Badagry, Lagos. This study explores the impacts of virtual simulations on learning Modern Physics. The quasi experimental pretest posttest non equivalent controlled group was used with 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design. The total number of SS III Physics students was 1824 but a purposive sampling was used to select 255 students (165 males and 90 females) in two co educational schools located at Badagry was taken. Three instruments which have been validated were used, these were the Modern Physics Performance Test (MPPT), Virtual Simulation Package on Modern Physics (VSP-MP) and a Lesson Note, where the I-CVI values were 0.9, 1.0, and 0.92 respectively. Kuder-Richardson Formula 21 (KR-21) were used to attain reliability of MPPT which received a coefficient of 0.72. These data were analysed through the descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation via t-test and ANCOVA), at the level of significance of 0.05. The findings reveal that students who were instructed through VSP did exceptionally better when compared to those who were taught conventionally; there was not any significant difference in performance of the students on the basis of gender; but the performance differed significantly across the different levels of scores. The study also suggests to use virtual simulations to teach Physics, train teachers to use simulations and also conduct very large longitudinal research to increase generalisability.
Dr. Shadreck P.M. Makombe
This study investigates the efficacy of vocational training programs at Harare Prison Workshop in Zimbabwe. Guided by extensive literature reviews, the study aimed to unveil the rationale behind initiating such programs, assess their impact on prisons' self-reliance, evaluate their effectiveness, and propose models for their transformation into fully-fledged prison-based industries. The study was qualitative in nature. Through questionnaires and interviews, data were collected from respondents and this showcased a remarkable response rate. Results reveal a consensus among participants on the positive influence of vocational training programs on organizational productivity, despite challenges such as resource limitations and funding shortages. While respondents recognized the benefits of these programs in skills development and organizational growth, some questioned their broader societal impact and the utilization of goods produced. Nonetheless, there was a collective willingness to collaborate and enhance these programs, indicating their perceived importance in fostering self-sufficiency and alleviating budgetary constraints within the prison system.
Isaac Atta Nsiah
The research investigates the effect of electricity outages on the decision-making and sales performance of 288 small-scale enterprises in the Greater Kumasi area of Ghana. Quantitative methods were employed to analyze data derived from closed-ended questionnaires. Through the application of Chi-square tests and Pearson’s correlation analysis, the study explored the associations between electricity disruptions, firm decision processes, and performance metrics. Descriptive statistics, notably the calculation of means, were utilized to encapsulate firms’ experiences and illuminate prevalent patterns in outage frequency, production losses, and adaptive strategies. The results of the study indicate that the majority of firms encountered power interruptions during operations, prompting the adoption of generators and plants to maintain production continuity, while a minority opted for outsourcing. Furthermore, alternative electricity sources, predominantly dependent on fuel-powered generators and plants, escalate production costs, thereby diminishing output and sales revenue. These fuel-powered energy solutions also pose significant environmental risks, underscoring the necessity for firms to reconsider investments in solar energy, which presents a more cost-effective, viable, and environmentally sustainable energy alternative. Considering the substantial overhead expenses associated with such large-scale endeavors, firms in the Greater Kumasi area could collaborate to establish, co-own, and operate a shared solar power plant. This initiative would reduce dependency on the national grid, offering a more reliable, cost-efficient, and sustainable energy source to enhance firm productivity and revenue, while promoting clean energy for sustainable community development.
Dr. Ambika T, Dr. N R Suresh Babu, Mohamed Salihu M
This study examines the lived experiences of Muslim single mothers in Coimbatore who observe Iddah, the mandatory waiting period prescribed in Islamic law after divorce or widowhood. While Iddah has been widely discussed in theological and jurisprudential contexts, limited attention has been paid to how women themselves negotiate this practice in everyday life, particularly when they are single mothers balancing faith, livelihood, and motherhood. The research is grounded in Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and informed by a decolonial perspective, seeking to highlight women’s voices as authoritative sources of knowledge rather than subjects of external interpretation. Fifteen Muslim single mothers, aged between 23 and 40 years, were selected for the study. The sample included both employed and unemployed women, representing diverse socio-economic backgrounds. In-depth interviews were conducted, allowing participants to reflect on the spiritual, social, and economic dimensions of Iddah. Thematic analysis revealed four major themes: (i) faith as a source of strength and struggle, (ii) gendered expectations and community stigma, (iii) economic survival during Iddah, and (iv) Decolonial reinterpretations of faith and agency. The findings indicate that while Iddah imposes certain restrictions, participants also view it as a meaningful spiritual practice that provides emotional healing and resilience. At the same time, community surveillance and economic pressures exacerbate their marginalization as single mothers. By foregrounding women’s narratives, this research challenges orientalist and patriarchal readings of Iddah, offering decolonial insights into how faith is embodied, negotiated, and reinterpreted in the lives of marginalized Muslim mothers.
Abu Bakar Jaafar, Lokman Abdul Rasol, Md Hamzaimi Azrol Md. Baharudin, Mohammad Nasrul Hakim Roslan
This review examines contemporary management's evolving landscape, emphasizing the integration of digital transformation, sustainability, and human factors. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach, including literature synthesis and case studies, the study highlights major trends such as Industry 4.0 adoption, AI-enabled organizational models, ESG implementation, and leadership's influence on employee wellbeing. Challenges such as resistance to change and policy barriers are discussed, emphasizing the need for strategic agility and adaptive leadership. The review underscores the importance of aligning technological, environmental, and human-centric initiatives to foster sustainable organizational development. Findings suggest that future research should explore innovative management paradigms that balance these critical elements, ensuring competitive advantage and resilience in a rapidly changing global environment.
Lukman Z. M., Shaiba Arooj
Marriage remains a fundamental institution sustaining social stability, yet its success largely depends on the quality of emotional exchanges between spouses. This study examines the effects of emotional orientation and emotional disconnectedness on marital bonding within a South Asian context. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 700 married respondents in Muzaffarabad using structured Likert-scale questionnaires. The measures assessed emotional orientation, emotional disconnectedness, disagreement, emotional well-being, and marital bonding, each operationalized as the mean of multiple indicators. Data was analyzed using chi-square tests, Pearson’s correlations, and multiple regression in SPSS. Results revealed significant associations among the variables. Emotional orientation was positively correlated with marital bonding (r = .10, p < .01), whereas emotional disconnectedness and disagreement were negatively correlated (r = –.20, p < .01; r = –.88, p < .01). Regression analysis indicated that emotional disconnectedness was the strongest negative predictor of marital bonding (β = –.44, p < .001), while emotional orientation emerged as a positive predictor (β = .28, p < .001). The overall model explained 6% of the variance in marital bonding, F(2, 697) = 21.47, p < .001. These findings underscore the critical role of emotional processes in sustaining marital ties, with emotional withdrawal exerting a stronger negative effect than the positive influence of emotional orientation. The study contributes to existing literature by offering empirical evidence from Pakistan, where marital expectations are shaped by collectivist norms and socio-cultural obligations. Practical implications highlight the need for marital counseling interventions that reduce emotional withdrawal while promoting positive emotional orientation to strengthen spousal bonds.
Priscilla Bempa Botwe, Richard Amoako, Samuel Boadi
This study evaluated the intricate relationship between employee engagement and organizational development within small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana. Pertinent literature was reviewed on the influence of employee engagement on organizational development and relationship between employee engagement and organisational development of SMEs in Ghana. The study used quantitative method through cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from 360 employees across various SMEs in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized to assess the relationships between employee engagement and organizational development outcomes. Results indicate a significant positive effect of employee engagement on organizational development, suggesting that higher engagement levels correspond to improved organizational performance, innovation, and adaptability. The findings underscore the importance of fostering employee engagement as a strategic imperative for organizational growth and sustainability in the contemporary business landscape.
Dr. Wycliffe Misuko Nyaribo, Otieno Arnold
Knowledge retention is important for non-governmental organizations due to several factors that contribute to their effectiveness, sustainability, and mission fulfillment. However, non-governmental organizations have been experiencing a challenge in their knowledge retention. This study therefore sought to examine the effect of employee reward systems on knowledge retention within NGOs operating in Nairobi, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the effect of monetary rewards, employee development, recognition, and Skill-based reward on knowledge retention among non-governmental organizations in Kenya. The study was anchored on Vroom's expectancy theory, human capital theory, and social exchange theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population of the study was 636 heads of finance, fundraising and communications, human resource, and programs departments in the 159 NGOs based in Nairobi County. The study used Slovin's Formula in the determination of the sample size. Stratified random sampling was used in the selection of the sample size. The study used primary data, which was collected by use of semi-structured questionnaires. Both quantitative and qualitative data were generated by the questionnaires. The study concluded that Monetary rewards are vital and significantly contribute to increased knowledge retention in NGOs in Nairobi County Kenya. If employees receive monetary rewards in the form of bonuses, compensation for overtime, and competitive salary, then knowledge retention will be maintained.
Mumuni Abdul Wahid
This study investigates employer perceptions of the employability of graduates from Ghana’s Free Senior High School (SHS) program, which was introduced in 2017 to promote access, equity, and inclusion in secondary education. Although enrollment has increased, persistent concerns remain regarding teaching quality and graduate preparedness. Drawing on the Skills Mismatch Theory, the research assesses whether Free SHS graduates possess the skills and attitudes that employers require. A qualitative methodology was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 30 employers across six regions in Ghana, and data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Findings indicate that while graduates demonstrate basic skills such as literacy, numeracy, and information and communication technology (ICT), they lack essential employability attributes, including critical thinking, problem-solving, teamwork, leadership, and discipline. Employers reported a significant skills gap and insufficient practical experience, underscoring a misalignment between educational outcomes and labor market demands. Nevertheless, employers expressed willingness to hire graduates if provided with structured internships, mentorship, and vocational training. The study concludes that the existing skills mismatch impedes employability and calls for urgent curriculum reforms, including the integration of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), the development of soft skills, and enhanced collaboration between industry and educational institutions. This research contributes to the discourse on aligning education with employment in developing economies and offers policy recommendations to strengthen Ghana’s Free SHS program. It advocates a transition from theory-based to experiential, competency-based, and job-oriented learning to improve employability and support national productivity.
Aireen Aina Bahari, Nisrin Ishak, Norhaninah A.G, Shazwani Mohd Salleh, Syafiq Ayop
This study addresses a critical gap in the literature: despite the pivotal role of Bumiputera SMEs in Malaysia’s economic inclusivity agenda, there is limited systematic understanding of how human-centric digital transformation can empower these enterprises. Prevailing digital initiatives often prioritize technology over people, overlooking the unique socio-cultural, human capital, and organizational challenges faced by Bumiputera entrepreneurs. To address this, the study aims to analyze the research landscape on human-centric digital transformation in Bumiputera SMEs by mapping key themes, identifying intellectual structures, and proposing future research directions. Using Scopus AI (as of 25 September 2025), the research employed an advanced bibliometric and semantic analysis based on a targeted search string encompassing Bumiputera identity, SMEs, digital transformation, human-centricity, and empowerment. The analysis generated a Summary, Expanded Summary, Concept Map, Topic Experts profile, and Emerging Themes. Findings reveal that while digital transformation frameworks, organizational agility, and even novel technologies like digital twins are gaining traction globally, research explicitly focused on Bumiputera SMEs remains virtually absent. Instead, empowerment is mediated by human capital particularly digital literacy, innovation culture, and leadership capabilities and enhanced through culturally resonant strategies such as narrative-driven digital storytelling. The study contributes a novel integrative framework that positions human agency at the core of digital transformation. Practically, it urges policymakers and support agencies to co-design context-sensitive interventions that blend digital upskilling with cultural identity, community engagement, and agile management practices. Theoretically, it bridges ethnic entrepreneurship, inclusive innovation, and digital sociology. The paper concludes with a call for primary research, action-based pilots, and longitudinal studies to ground digital empowerment strategies in the lived realities of Bumiputera entrepreneurs.
Md Ariffin Jaafar, Nur Afiqah Md Amin, Nurul Iffah Ghazali, Nurulhuda Abd Rahman, Rizwana Md Yusof, Roshayani Arshad
The main social factor in most of Orphanage Centre is to promote child development. Appropriate childcare can enhance a child’s social and intellectual development (Leach et al., 2008). Even though most childcare research focuses on the education of the child, but according to Maloney (2016), the management and governance of the centres can influence the employment, resources and culture of the centre, which in turn can affect the care of the children. It is expected that the Good Governance Model advocate the effectiveness of good governance practices in Orphanage Centre by enhancing monitoring and more importantly facilitating management of orphanage care in their efforts to provide care as well as socio-economic development of the children at the orphanages. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to investigate corporate governance practices in orphanage centers. The approach included in-depth interviews with two centers and a questionnaire survey that was administered to multiple institutions affiliated with YIDE. Besides, elements of good governance model have been identified to improve monitoring and facilitation towards orphanage centers. This is important to propose a comprehensive guidance to orphanage Centres in discharging their duties on matters relating to governance in providing quality monitoring role.
Lokman Abdullah, Zamberi Jamaludin
Higher education prepares students for higher order thinking with ability to resolve complex problems in their field of studies at the intended level. The curriculum forms the fundamental platform that combined and meshed the various learning domains set aside by the regulating bodies such as knowledge, psychomotor skills, and generic skills including ethics, communications, leadership skills, life-long learning, finances, and technopreneurship skill among others. Institutions of higher learning are facing challenges in providing excellence learning experience for the ever-demanded students especially with stiff competition among the various institutions over best prospective candidates. In fact, the issue of excellence in higher education has become a significant topic of interest among many education strategies around the world. Teaching is engagement with learners to enable their understanding and application of knowledge, concepts and processes and this includes design, content, delivery, assessment, evaluation and reflection. The aim of teaching is not only to transmit information, but also to transform students from passive recipients of other people's knowledge into active constructors of their own and others' knowledge. This paper explores excellence in teaching and learning through the perspective of the students, academics, and the learning environment to build competency of highest standard. Four main areas of discussion are the teaching quality, excellence attributes, teaching strategies, and tools for excellence measurement.
Junaini Arwain Yaacob, Mohd Safwan Bin Ramli, Nur Hidayah Ayob, Nurul Izzat Kamaruddin, Zaidatul Nadhirah Roslan
The role of social media in the digital era extends far beyond personal communication, evolving into a multifaceted tool that shapes social, economic, and organizational dynamics. It plays a critical role in business and marketing, providing firms particularly SMEs with cost-effective avenues for brand promotion, customer engagement, and market intelligence. This study investigates the impact of social media usage on the financial and non-financial performance of Malaysia SMEs, with evidence drawn from manufacturing SMEs in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, the research highlights how entrepreneurial orientation leverages digital resources to enhance business performance. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the proposed model, based on survey responses from 351 manufacturing SMEs selected through stratified random sampling. The findings indicate that social media usage for customer relations has a significant positive impact on both customer relations and sales. Moreover, Entrepreneurial Orientation act as partial mediators in the relationship between social media usage and Financial Performance and SME non-financial Performance. This calls for further investigation into other factors, such as digital literacy or resource availability, may play a more crucial role in leveraging digital tools effectively.
Fathiyah Ahmad Ahmad Jali, Robekhah Harun, Syakirah Mohammed
Developing students' critical reading and text analysis skills is essential in today's information-driven society. However, many learners struggle with these competencies due to insufficient reading strategies, limited prior knowledge, and inadequate instructional support. Scaffolding, rooted in Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, offers a structured approach that enhances comprehension and analytical abilities by providing temporary, tailored assistance that gradually fades as students gain independence. This study explores the role of scaffolding in fostering critical reading skills, synthesizing relevant theoretical frameworks and empirical research to propose a comprehensive instructional model. Existing literature demonstrates that scaffolding strategies—such as guided reading, thinkalouds, and metacognitive support—significantly improve students’ ability to engage with complex texts. However, gaps remain in understanding how scaffolding fosters higher-order critical analysis, particularly in digital and multimodal reading environments. Additionally, limited research addresses the long-term effects of scaffolding on students’ independent learning. This paper introduces a conceptual framework integrating Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development, the Gradual Release of Responsibility Model, and Cognitive Load Theory to illustrate how scaffolding enhances deep textual engagement. The findings suggest that scaffolding not only improves comprehension but also cultivates analytical reasoning, metacognitive awareness, and learner autonomy. The implications highlight the need for differentiated scaffolding strategies to accommodate diverse learners, the integration of digital scaffolding tools, and the incorporation of scaffolding within innovative pedagogical models such as flipped classrooms. Future research should explore the role of AI-driven adaptive scaffolding and assess its long-term impact on critical literacy. By addressing these gaps, educators and policymakers can develop more effective instructional strategies that empower students as critical thinkers and lifelong learners.
Nor Asmat Ismail, Suleman Lawal Gambo
Nigeria’s economic growth is closely tied to its energy consumption, which remains heavily dependent on nonrenewable sources, particularly petroleum, to drive industrial and commercial activities. While this reliance has fueled economic growth and strengthened Nigeria’s position as a significant oil producer, it has simultaneously intensified environmental degradation. This study examines the interrelationships between energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and environmental quality in Nigeria using annual time series data from 1971 to 2020. Employing an autoregressive threshold (ART) testing approach, the analysis captures potential nonlinear dynamics among these variables. The results indicate that the initial phase of fossil fuel consumption contributes to slight improvements in environmental quality; however, long-run dependence on fossil energy significantly deteriorates ecological conditions through pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The study highlights the urgent need for a structured transition toward renewable energy sources to improve environmental sustainability. Despite Nigeria’s low adoption of renewable technologies, the findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to promote clean energy and foster sustainable economic growth.
Sindani Job Weindava
The widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in recommendation systems has revolutionized how users interact with content, commerce, and culture. However, the same hyper-personalization that enhances user relevance often suppresses discovery, autonomy, and delight—leading to consumer resistance and systemic homogenization. This study explores the phenomenon of engineered serendipity—the intentional design of systems that balance personalization with purposeful unpredictability. Drawing from cross-disciplinary literature in computer science, human–AI interaction, and behavioral engineering, we develop a conceptual framework and propose a roadmap for integrating serendipity as a measurable engineering objective. Our findings suggest that reintroducing controlled randomness, diversity-aware ranking, and transparent user controls can restore trust and joy in AI-mediated discovery. This work highlights the importance of aligning engineering design, consumer psychology, and ethical governance to reclaim human curiosity in an algorithmically filtered world.
Mr. David Mbami Daniel, Mr. David Uriah Daniel., Mr. Safiyanu Saleh.
This study investigates the role of parental and community engagement in enhancing childhood educational outcomes in North-Eastern Nigeria. Using a sample of 1,470 respondents, the research explored four primary questions: the prevalent forms of engagement, the impact of parental involvement on academic performance, the role of community members in educational support, and the barriers that hinder effective participation. The results revealed that parental engagement through activities like homework assistance and participation in school events positively impacted children’s academic performance. Additionally, community members contributed through advocacy, resource mobilization, and infrastructural support, though their involvement in direct teaching remained limited. Economic challenges, regional insecurity, and cultural beliefs emerged as the primary barriers to effective parental and community participation. The findings highlight the need for inclusive educational policies, emphasizing parental and community empowerment, improved economic conditions, and addressing security concerns. The study concludes that strengthening parental and community involvement is essential for enhancing educational outcomes, recommending collaborative efforts between schools, families, and local communities. The research contributes to a broader understanding of the complexities surrounding educational engagement in conflict-affected and socio-economically disadvantaged regions like North-Eastern Nigeria.
Muhammad Afandi Azmi, Muhammad Khair Noordin
This study aimed to determine whether an Augmented Reality–based instructional module can improve students’ cognitive understanding of abstract electronic concepts. Concepts such as current flow and circuit laws often pose challenges for vocational students, as conventional 2D teaching fails to support adequate visualization. To address this issue, a purpose-built Augmented Reality learning environment, AR-ElecSim, was developed and implemented. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test non-equivalent control group design involving 100 students from four vocational colleges was used. The experimental group (n = 50) used the AR-ElecSim module, while the control group (n = 50) received traditional instruction. Cognitive performance was measured using the Basic Electronics Cognitive Test (BECT), a 30-item instrument validated by experts (α = .88). After controlling for pre-test scores, ANCOVA results showed a significant effect of instructional method, F(1, 97) = 152.45, p < .001, η²ₚ = .61, indicating that students using AR-ElecSim achieved higher adjusted mean scores (75.75) than the control group (55.45). The AR module effectively enhanced cognitive performance by promoting conceptual understanding and minimizing cognitive overload. This study fills a national research gap by providing empirical evidence on AR’s cognitive effects in Malaysian vocational education, highlighting its potential to strengthen analytical and application skills in Basic Electronics.
Nur Diana Izzani Masdzarif, Muhammad Hafidz Fazli Md Fauadi, Siti Azirah Asmai, Yogan Jaya Kumar
This study investigates the application of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in predicting employee productivity and job satisfaction in Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A predictive modeling framework using Random Forest and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) is designed to forecast employee outcomes and identify the key drivers influencing workplace productivity and satisfaction. Data from 150 employees across 10 SMEs was collected through surveys, focusing on variables such as autonomy, workload, managerial feedback, and digital tool usage. Results indicate strong predictive performance, with XAI explanations highlighting autonomy and workload as the most influential factors. By integrating XAI into HR analytics, managers can make transparent, data-driven decisions that enhance employee trust, adoption, and engagement. This study contributes to HR management and AI literature by demonstrating a novel framework for explainable workforce analytics tailored to SMEs.
Nik Rumzi Nik Idris, Norjulia Mohamad Nordin, Rozana Alik, Siti Mahfuza Saimon
This study presents an experimental comparison between Direct Torque Control (DTC) and Finite Control Set–Predictive Torque Control (FCS-PTC) for a three-phase induction motor (IM) drive, emphasizing their implications for energy efficiency and sustainable industrial operation. Both control methods aim to regulate torque and stator flux yet differ in voltage-vector (VV) selection principles. DTC employs a fixed look-up table with hysteresis controllers, while FCS-PTC evaluates all inverter states through a cost-function-based prediction. Experimental implementation using a dSPACE DS1104 platform was carried out at three operating speeds—286 r/min, 764 r/min, and 1432 r/min—to quantify torque and flux ripples using statistical analysis. At low speed (286 r/min), FCS-PTC achieved a torque ripple of 0.0948 N·m and a flux ripple of 0.0072 Wb, compared with DTC’s 0.2350 N·m and 0.0109 Wb. Similar improvements were observed at medium and high speeds, confirming FCS-PTC’s superior ability to minimize electromagnetic ripple. Voltage-vector analysis revealed that DTC’s avoidance of radial vectors contributes to higher flux variation, whereas FCS-PTC’s balanced use of tangential and radial vectors yields smoother electromagnetic response and improved control accuracy. From a societal perspective, the enhanced efficiency of FCS-PTC supports reduced energy consumption and carbon emissions in motor-driven systems, directly aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy). The experimental framework also provides a practical platform for engineering education and workforce training in advanced control methods. The findings demonstrate that predictive torque control not only improves technical performance but also contributes to broader objectives of sustainable industrial development and capacity building.
Jothi Munusamy, Kalai Selvan Arumugham, Kumaran Gengatharan
This article examines the integration of problem-solving strategies and innovative pedagogical approaches in accounting education at the secondary school level. Drawing on contemporary literature, the discussion highlights how methods such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL), gamification, and blended learning enhance student engagement, motivation, and the ability to apply theoretical concepts to practical financial scenarios. The article also emphasizes the importance of cultivating critical thinking, collaborative skills, and metacognitive awareness, which are essential for navigating the complexities of modern financial environments. Challenges such as resistance to change, limited resources, and the expectation–performance gap are analyzed, alongside the transformative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on teaching and learning practices. Finally, the article outlines future directions for curriculum innovation, stressing the need for technology integration, interdisciplinary perspectives, and flexibility to prepare students for an increasingly globalized and digitalized economy. Overall, the study underscores the necessity of aligning accounting education with 21st-century competencies to ensure that learners are not only academically successful but also future-ready.
Chen Chao, Goh Ying Soo, Nur Nabila Azman, Nurul Ajleaa Abdul Rahman, Nurul Farihah Rosli
The Project-Based Learning (PjBL) approach effectively addresses the passive learning environment by fostering student independence. Project-Based Learning (PjBL), as a student-centered methodology, may be a superior alternative to the lecture-centric model, as it enables students to actively engage and exercise autonomy in their decision-making. Project-Based Learning promotes a student-centered approach, however, this constructivist method remains unfamiliar. Educators continue to employ the conventional approach to impart writing skills by consulting textbooks. Educators are reluctant to incorporate Project-Based Learning in writing classes due to insufficient understanding of this methodology. This may obstruct their efforts to transition to a progressive educational model that provides numerous advantages over conventional lecture-based instruction. This qualitative case study aims to examine the viewpoints of higher education language instructors regarding the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in writing instruction. Five experienced tertiary language educators were chosen through purposive sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and a sequence of classroom observations. The chosen tertiary language instructors employed this method in classrooms of non-English major students. The integration results indicated a notable enhancement observed by tertiary language instructors in students' post-essays compared to pre-essays written prior to the implementation of PjBL. The observational data indicated that students performed exceptionally well in the classroom, and the role of tertiary language teachers was instrumental in enhancing comprehension of the material. This study is constrained by a limited sample size, comprising only five lecturers. The participants' lack of familiarity with the PjBL approach necessitated preliminary training, potentially influencing their engagement and the study's outcomes. Consequently, future research should aim to increase the sample size to yield more comprehensive results, thereby motivating more language educators to adopt this approach as their preferred teaching practice. In conclusion, the impact of PjBL on improving students' writing skills was substantial, making PjBL highly recommended.
Nor Afni Md Sari, Siti Nur Afiqah Norasikin
Service learning has become a significant pedagogical approach in Malaysian higher education, enabling students to integrate theoretical knowledge with authentic community engagement. Grounded in Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) and aligned with the Service-Learning Malaysia–University for Society (SULAM) framework, service learning facilitates the development of project management, communication, and leadership competencies while promoting civic responsibility and social inclusion. This study examines how structured service-learning initiatives can enhance experiential learning outcomes and foster sustainable community partnerships. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to evaluate participant feedback, student reflections, and project implementation outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze satisfaction and perceived impact, while potential inferential approaches—such as t-tests or correlations—are discussed as tools for exploring differences across demographic groups. A thematic analysis framework (Braun & Clarke, 2006) guided the interpretation of qualitative responses, revealing key themes such as teamwork development, cultural awareness, and empowerment.
Genelyn R. Baluyos, Maria Angelica G. Barosa, Marnillie S. Jumao-as
Division is a foundational mathematical skill that supports the development of more complex concepts such as fractions, ratios, and problem-solving strategies. However, many Grade 4 pupils struggle to understand and apply division, which hinders their overall mathematical progress. The study was conducted to improve Grade 4 pupils' division skills by implementing the LINK Strategy in a public elementary school's academic year 2024–2025. Utilizing a classroom-based action research design, the study involved 49 purposively selected pupils from one section. A researcher-made test served as the primary data collection instrument, and the results were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, and a t-test to assess performance levels and determine statistical significance. The following were the study's key findings: the level of pupils' division skills before implementing the LINK Strategy was fairly satisfactory, and the level of pupils' division skills after implementing the LINK Strategy was outstanding. There was a significant difference in pupils' division skills before and after implementing the LINK Strategy. There is a need for more engaging and structured strategies to support learners in mastering basic mathematical operations. Mathematics teachers may use the LINK Strategy as a regular instructional approach to enhance pupils' division skills and overall numeracy.
Chris Devine A. Suico, Genelyn R. Baluyos, Jocelyn J. Seno
Spelling is an essential literacy skill that promotes written communication, vocabulary growth, and reading fluency. However, a lack of exposure to efficient techniques that encourage mastery, and retention causes numerous pupils to struggle with spelling. Creative teaching strategies that enhance pupils' spelling ability must be examined to overcome this obstacle. The effectiveness of the Chain Technique Strategy in improving the spelling skills of fifth-grade pupils was investigated in this action research study. Most of the 30 participants scored below the satisfactory level on the pretest, indicating they had trouble spelling words correctly. The Chain Technique Strategy was implemented during spelling sessions using a single-group pretest and posttest design. This strategy involved forming words by linking letters step by step, which helped learners recognize correct spelling patterns and improve retention. Post-test results showed significant improvement, with most pupils achieving satisfaction and above levels. The mean score increased from the pretest to the posttest. A statistically significant difference was revealed by a paired samples t-test, confirming the positive impact of the strategy on spelling performance. The Chain Technique Strategy is an effective and engaging approach for improving pupils' spelling skills. It is recommended for continued use in classroom instruction to support literacy development.
Ahia, Success Ugbondu, Dike, Harcourt Whyte
This study investigates the role of inclusive communication in shaping organizational culture and enhancing performance in Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Using a mixed-method research design, data were collected from 146 employees across Zenith Bank and Access Bank branches through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with 8 participants. Grounded in Organizational Culture Theory and Open Systems Theory, the findings reveal that inclusive communication significantly shapes organizational culture by fostering transparency, trust, and shared values. The study also demonstrates that inclusive communication positively impacts employee engagement, collaboration, and job satisfaction, thereby enhancing organizational performance. However, persistent barriers including hierarchical structures, technical jargon, and limited feedback mechanisms continue to constrain full inclusivity. The study recommends strengthening feedback systems, implementing continuous training programs, and integrating minority voices to dismantle communication barriers. These findings contribute to understanding how inclusive communication serves as both a cultural artifact and systemic mechanism for organizational effectiveness in Nigerian banking.
Mae Magdalin Rivera
Active student participation is fundamental to effective learning. However, many Grade 9 students struggle to engage actively in class discussions, often due to low motivation, fear of judgment, and a lack of confidence in inquiry-based tasks. This action research sought to investigate the effectiveness of the Question-Based Lollipops strategy where students randomly select question-containing lollipops with pre-written questions, as a method to improve participation and inquiry skills in Filipino classes, specifically when studying Noli Me Tangere. Employing a classroom action research design, the study used a mixed-methods approach involving 30 purposively selected Grade 9 students from a private non-sectarian school in Ozamiz City. Data were collected using pre- and post-tests, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-tests, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings were positive, showing a significant enhancement in student engagement and inquiry skills, evidenced by higher participation rates, improved response quality, and greater student confidence in asking and answering questions. Implementing question-based lollipops as an interactive reward system created a lively and participatory learning environment. This strategy offers educators an effective tool to foster curiosity, critical thinking, and collaborative learning among junior high school students. Based on these findings, teachers are encouraged to incorporate the Question-Based Lollipops Strategy as a routine classroom procedure to solicit participation from all learners, particularly shy or reticent students. School leaders should endorse this practice by organizing professional development sessions focused on interactive questioning techniques and student engagement strategies. Curriculum developers should integrate student-centered techniques like the lollipop questioning method into curricula, especially for subjects requiring critical thinking and active engagement. Future researchers are invited to explore the long-term implications of this approach in various subject matters and grade levels, and to compare it with other active learning strategies to determine best practices for promoting inquiry and engagement.
Estelito J. Punongbayan, Hannah Shaine I. Atienza, Roselyn A. Andino, Vernadine R. Baral
Communication competence is a vital component of effective teaching and learning. This study assessed the oral and written communication competence of pre-service teachers and the challenges they encounter as a basis for developing a communication skills development module. Specifically, it aimed to: (1) determine the respondents’ profiles; (2) evaluate their oral and written communication competence; (3) identify strategies for enhancement; (4) examine significant differences in their self-assessments when grouped by profile variables; (5) determine major communication challenges; and (6) design a communication skills development module based on the findings. A descriptive-quantitative design was utilized involving 224 pre-service teachers from the College of Teacher Education, Batangas State University – The National Engineering University, ARASOF-Nasugbu Campus. Data were gathered using a validated survey questionnaire and analyzed through mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA. Findings revealed that pre-service teachers were proficient in oral communication, particularly in maintaining eye contact, using an appropriate tone, and fostering a positive speaking environment, while moderately proficient in written communication—strong in proofreading and grammar but weak in vocabulary use and organization. Common strategies included seeking feedback, practicing public speaking, and engaging in writing activities. Their challenges were limited vocabulary, difficulty sustaining tone consistency, and anxiety during presentations. Based on these findings, a Communication Skills Development Module was designed featuring interactive, reflective, and performance-based learning activities to enhance oral and written communication competence. The study concludes that structured communication interventions are essential in preparing pre-service teachers for professional teaching and classroom interaction in both face-to-face and digital contexts.
Alecjia Jean Quel B. Cabillas, Genelyn R. Baluyos, Maricris S. Patigayon
Reading fluency is essential for early learners, as it forms the foundation for academic success and effective communication. However, many Grade 1 learners struggle with developing fluent reading abilities, often facing challenges in decoding words and understanding text smoothly. This study explores the use of "READ TILES," a memory-based learning approach, to enhance reading fluency among Grade 1 students during S.Y. 2024–2025 in a public institution in Ozamiz. This study utilized a classroom-based action research design with 29 students selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected using a researcher-made interactive game and a rubric and analyzed through statistical tools: mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The key findings of the study were as follows: the level of pupils' reading fluency before the implementation of the memory-based learning approach was satisfactory, the level of pupils' reading fluency before the implementation of the memory-based learning approach was very adequate, and there is a highly significant difference in the level of pupils' reading fluency before and after the implementation of the memory-based learning approach. The significant improvement in students' performance before and after the method suggests that READ Tiles is a practical and valuable tool for helping early reading development, particularly in terms of fluency reading. Teachers may explore and implement creative instructional approaches such as "READ TILES" to make reading lessons more engaging and effective in developing fluency among young learners.
Oscar S. Recto, Jr.
Proficiency in functions and graphs is fundamental in Senior High School mathematics, serving as a prerequisite for advanced courses in calculus, statistics, and real-world applications. This study employed a quasi-experimental two-group pretest–posttest design to compare the effectiveness of the Traditional Lecture Method (TLM) and GeoGebra-based instruction in teaching functions and graphs to Grade 11 GAS students at Dapa National High School, S.Y. 2022–2023. Fifty students were purposively selected and randomly assigned into two groups of 25 each. The TLM group was taught through lecture-discussion and chalkboard demonstrations, while the GeoGebra group used interactive software for dynamic visualization. Results showed that in the first trial run, the TLM group improved from 28.18% (Low Mastery) to 39.45% (Average Mastery), while the GeoGebra group increased from 30.27% (Low Mastery) to 68.71% (Moving Towards Mastery). In the second trial run, the TLM group advanced from 33.45% to 66.13%, whereas the GeoGebra group progressed from 35.76% to 80.21%. ANCOVA confirmed a statistically significant difference favoring GeoGebra (p < 0.05). Perception results revealed a grand mean of 3.17 (Moderately Perceived), with students strongly agreeing on GeoGebra’s user-friendliness, motivational value, and effectiveness in visualizing graphs. Findings suggest that integrating GeoGebra enhances mastery, motivation, and engagement, making it a valuable instructional tool for strengthening mathematics learning.
Azwanis Azemi, Muhammad Asyraf Haziq Rossli, Norul Syuhada Abu Hassan, Siti Aisyah Barizah Kamsis, Siti Fatimah Abdul Rashid
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reshaped learning practices. The use of social media technology in higher education has been shown to empower teaching and learning, particularly in complementing conventional teaching approaches in the classroom. The change in norms in post-pandemic teaching has led many institutions, including higher education institutions, to realize the benefits of using technology as a teaching tool. This study investigates the effect of embedding technology into tax education, particularly on students’ tax awareness and tax knowledge. The study used an experimental research design where pre- and post-data of control and experimental groups were collected and analyzed accordingly. This experimental study divided 160 students randomly into two classrooms, which used different teaching and learning approaches. Findings highlight that the use of technology through YouTube videos as a complementary method in teaching and learning demonstrated a more significant improvement in tax awareness and knowledge compared to the conventional method. The results proved that there is a significant difference in students’ tax awareness between the two groups, where the technology-embedding approach shows a better tax awareness level compared to the conventional method. The level of students’ tax knowledge for the technology-embedding approach shows a better result and improvement compared to the conventional method, even though the result fails to prove a significant difference. Overall, findings highlight a substantial positive impact on students’ tax awareness and knowledge, particularly when compared to a control group that learns in a conventional method.
Addley Bromeo Bin Bianus, Bao Shilian
This study explores the preservation and dissemination of Guangxi Zhuang brocade patterns through digital virtual exhibition halls. Using semi-structured interviews with cultural communicators, designers, artisans, and collectors, the research investigates the cultural significance, traditional practices, challenges, and opportunities associated with Zhuang brocade. Findings reveal that brocade patterns are central to Zhuang identity and heritage, yet face threats from declining apprenticeships, limited economic incentives, and modernization pressures. Digital virtual exhibition halls provide innovative solutions for preservation, education, and audience engagement, though concerns remain regarding authenticity and materiality. The study highlights the importance of participatory approaches, stakeholder collaboration, and the integration of traditional knowledge with contemporary digital technologies to ensure sustainable cultural transmission. These insights contribute to theoretical understanding and practical strategies for safeguarding minority textile heritage in the digital era.
Airil Haimi Mohd Adnan
This research paper concerns the use of outdoor video tasks in enhancing presentation skills among undergraduate students enrolled in an English oral presentation course. Conducted over three consecutive semesters, the research involved 202 first year students from science and technology-based degree programs at a Malaysian public university in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. The majority of the participants were female at 56%, and all had mixed English language proficiency, averaging Band 4.0 in the Malaysian University English Test (MUET). The creatively designed instructional approach required students to leave the classroom and record themselves in ‘video production groups’ of four or five and presenting assigned academic topics in outdoor settings. This method aimed to foster embodied learning, reduce performance anxiety, and encourage spontaneous delivery. Data were collected both quantitatively and qualitatively; for this paper the quantitative data are presented, analysed and discussed. The data were collected through a 30-item post-activity survey measuring the students’ confidence, anxiety levels, and acquired oral skills based on the own perceptions and personal experiences. Findings suggest that the tasks positively influenced students’ self-confidence and engagement, particularly among those with lower English proficiency. The sensory and environmental aspects of presenting in open spaces appeared to reduce formal speaking anxiety and promote natural expressions in English. This study contributes to the body of research on video-based learning (VBL); growing interest in creative, experiential pedagogies; and the integration of ‘old-school’ oral traditions with modern smartphones to acquire English communication skills.
Hongli Feng
English oral proficiency is a critical skill for university students worldwide, particularly in non-native English-speaking contexts where oral communication is essential for academic success, employability, and international collaboration. Despite extensive classroom instruction, many students continue to experience difficulties in fluency, accuracy, and confidence due to limited authentic communicative opportunities, reliance on teacher-centered instruction, and language anxiety. This study investigates the effectiveness of an integrated instructional approach that combines Task-Based Learning (TBL), Peer Collaboration (PC), and Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) to enhance oral English proficiency among university students. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed involving 200 undergraduate students from three universities in China. Quantitative data were collected via pre- and post-intervention oral proficiency tests, including measures of fluency, accuracy, complexity, and pronunciation, along with self-reported speaking confidence surveys. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and reflective journals to explore students’ perceptions, learning experiences, and challenges. Results indicate significant improvements in students’ oral English proficiency, particularly in fluency and confidence. Thematic analysis revealed that students perceived enhanced engagement, autonomy, and practical skill application, though challenges such as speaking anxiety and uneven access to technology persisted. These findings underscore the effectiveness of a blended instructional approach in promoting communicative competence and provide practical guidance for curriculum design, pedagogy, and technology integration in higher education.
Hassad bin Hassan, Nor Hafifa Iswati Ishak, Nur Qurratul’ Aini Ismail
Higher education ministry has seek to established a new university called University Keusahawanan Koperasi Malaysia (UKKM) (bharian, 2022). The university was established to strengthen the entrepreneurial agenda in higher learning institution. The then minister of Kementerian Pembangunan Usahawan dan Koperasi (KUSKOP) Tan Sri Noh Omar also said, the ministry will provide RM200 miliion worth of loans for graduates without interest under the Skim Pinjaman Informal dan Micro (SPIM). All those efforts were established to encourage entrepreneurial orientation among undergraduates among public university in Malaysia
Kori Blandina Walowe Kori
Sustainability has become the most corporate concern globally. For an environmental, social and financial gains, focus on long-term return on investment is inevitable. Sustainability is achieved through protection or conservation of environment. To maintain diversity and integrity of the ecosystems, sustainability or sustainable development is of essence. Natural resources such as air, water, soil, and plants, are taken care for continuity of human life and the planet. Other resources such as oil, coal, natural gas, metals, stone and sand or sunlight are modified for commercial and industrial use. All these resources are fundament to business operation and growth. Sustainable development practice is human rights, the concept focusses on “meeting the desired present needs without compromising the future generation efforts to meet their essentials”. The players direct their attention on maintaining a society harmony between access to human needs and protection of the planet which is the platform for business operation. In this study environment conservation and sustainable development are integrated and presented as interdependent and complementary concepts that add to notable values both to human life, business man and to the earth’s natural systems. The study brings out the image on how conservation provides the basis for sustainable development, guaranteeing availability of life to natural resources and the ecosystem. The image refutes the vicious circle that causes pressure to human and planet triggered by climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality and contaminated water. The study caution organization to employ digital technology to reduce carbon footprint and ensure sustainability. This is a secondary data research which was carried out in the library. Data collection method involved studying and analyzing information from books, international published journal papers, theories and published legal documents. The analysis of the study may benefit policymakers responsible of environmental conservation, hence increase more efforts for environmental conservation and sustainable development. The study may create awareness to public and encourage them to take responsibility on environmental conservation and sustainable development practices. The study may also motivate governance structures to see the need for putting more resources on the enforcement of environmental laws.
Dr. Agunbiade, Olabode., Dr. Ahmed, Ibrahim, Dr. Usman, Jabir Muhammed
This study examines the influence of trade in environmental goods on environmental sustainability, with a particular emphasis on the impact of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. Utilising annual data from 59 European countries over the period 1994–2024, the research incorporates environmental sustainability indicators sourced from the World Development Indicators (WDI, 2022) and trade data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF, 2024). The analysis employs second-generation econometric techniques to address cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity, including Pesaran’s (2004, 2015) tests, Westerlund’s (2007) cointegration approach, and the Augmented Anderson-Hsiao (AAH) estimator as proposed by Chudik and Pesaran (2022). Empirical findings indicate a significant long-term cointegration between trade in environmental goods and greenhouse gas emissions. Specifically, exports of environmental goods and total trade in these goods contribute to the reduction of emissions, whereas energy consumption continues to be a primary driver of environmental degradation. Additionally, the import of environmental goods shows a weak but negative relationship with greenhouse emissions, suggesting that imported environmental technologies may enhance production efficiency. The study further concludes that trade in environmental goods is pivotal in achieving environmental sustainability across European economies by fostering cleaner production and innovation-driven growth. Consequently, policies that promote the expansion of green trade, reduce trade barriers on environmental goods, and encourage the use of renewable energy are essential to bolstering Europe’s environmental resilience. Moreover, advancing research and development in clean technologies, harmonising regional carbon standards, and incentivizing sustainable production practices will facilitate Europe’s transition toward a low-carbon economy.
Mary O’ Penetrante, Yang Zhengfa
This study examines the relationship between environmental information disclosure (EID) and financial performance among 2,229 listed Chinese manufacturing firms from 2020–2024. Drawing on stakeholder, resource-based, and institutional theories, the analysis explores how firm characteristics—asset size, workforce, and ownership—affect disclosure behavior and financial outcomes. Using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and panel regression, results reveal that while overall disclosure levels remain low (38.9%), larger and government-linked enterprises consistently outperform small and medium-sized firms. EID shows a significant positive association with market capitalization (β = 0.18, p < 0.01), but weaker relationships with short-term profitability (ROA, ROE). Findings suggest that environmental transparency enhances long-term market valuation rather than immediate accounting returns. Policy implications highlight the need for tiered ESG reporting frameworks, capacity-building programs for SMEs, and stronger regulatory incentives to align environmental governance with China’s “Dual Carbon” goals.
Ebi-Erefa Apollos, Hambolu Sunday, Emmanuel, Ike Geoffrey Okonkwo, Jerry Bannister Zachary, Logyang Lot Emmanuel, Mafulul Bako Joshua, Mark Samson, Moses Ojonugwa Oguche, Yunusa Yahuza Adams
Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites are a major constraint to small ruminant production, causing poor growth, reduced productivity, and economic losses. This study investigated the prevalence and distribution of GI parasites in sheep and goats in Toro Local Government Area (LGA), Bauchi State, Nigeria. A total of 210 small ruminants (101 sheep and 109 goats) were randomly sampled across three districts (Jama’a, Lame, and Toro). Faecal samples were examined using flotation and sedimentation techniques, and data were analyzed in RStudio using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. The overall prevalence of GI parasites was 82.9% (95% CI: 75.4–83.9). Goats (68.8%) were significantly more infected than sheep (43.6%) (p < 0.001). Males (64.7%) had higher infection rates than females (52.8%) (p = 0.004). District-level prevalence varied, with Toro showing the highest burden (73.8%) compared to Lame (56.2%) and Jama’a (41.7%) (p < 0.001). Age was not significantly associated with infection (p = 0.15). The most common parasites identified were Coccidia spp. (18.6%), Haemonchus spp. (12.4%), Fasciola spp. (16.2%), and Paramphistomum spp. (9.0%). The flotation method detected more parasites (87.1%) than sedimentation (25.2%). This study reveals that GI parasites remain highly prevalent among small ruminants in Toro LGA, with species, sex, and district significantly influencing infection rates. The high burden underscores the need for integrated control strategies, including strategic deworming, improved grazing management, snail control in fascioliasis endemic areas, and farmer education. These interventions are critical to improving small ruminant health, productivity, and rural livelihoods in Nigeria.
Nguyen Tat Hiep
This study investigates the integration of Generative AI (GenAI) into academic research, highlighting both its transformative potential and the ethical, methodological, and epistemological challenges it introduces. While GenAI enhances efficiency in tasks like text generation, data analysis, and translation, it raises serious concerns around authorship, originality, transparency, data privacy, and accountability. Through a rapid review of literature from 2022 to 2025, guided by the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity, the study identifies recurring risks such as algorithmic bias, fabricated citations, and diminished scholarly authorship. In response, it proposes a five-principle ethical framework—human oversight, accuracy, accountability, data protection, and institutional governance—and emphasizes that responsible GenAI use requires not only technical safeguards but also ethical literacy, critical reflection, and transparent disclosure. Ultimately, GenAI should serve as a collaborative partner that augments human creativity while preserving the integrity and rigor of scientific inquiry.
Aida Zulaikha Zulkefly, Danial Al-Rashid Haron Aminar Rashid, Hamdan Mohd Salleh, Nurul Nabila Ibrahim, Raja Shamir Izwan Raja Sharizwan, Rashidin Idris
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Anak Istimewa Selangor (ANIS) Programme, a state-initiated framework supporting children with disabilities through early intervention, inclusive education, and parental empowerment. Conducted between 2019 and 2021, the research aimed to determine how effectively ANIS achieved its objectives and to identify key areas for policy and implementation improvement. Using a mixed-methods approach comprising four interrelated studies, data were gathered from parents, educators, early intervention practitioners, and programme implementers across Selangor. Findings revealed that ANIS has successfully enhanced parental awareness, strengthened teacher preparedness through Akademi ANIS, and improved service quality at Early Intervention and Community-Based Rehabilitation Centres. Parents reported high satisfaction with intervention outcomes and the professionalism of ANIS staff, while practitioners emphasized the need for broader geographical access, consistent communication, and sustained professional development. Despite notable achievements, challenges remain in ensuring equitable access, systematic monitoring, and integration with national inclusive education frameworks. Overall, ANIS demonstrates strong progress in building an inclusive ecosystem for children with disabilities in Selangor, offering valuable insights for scaling and institutionalizing disability support programmed within Malaysia’s broader social policy landscape.
Egidio Chaula, Flora O. Kasumba, Jackson Said Mmbaga
This study evaluated the impact of lesson plan implementation on pupils’ learning outcomes in Iringa Municipality public primary schools. The study adopted a mixed research approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected from a sample size of 56 respondents were whereby simple random and purposive sampling techniques were adopted to select the respondents of the study from 5 selected public primary schools in Iringa Municipality. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, while quantitative data was analyzed by using statistical package for social science (SPSS) 29.0 version. The findings of the study revealed that effective lesson plan implementation had positive impacts on pupils’ learning outcomes. Those included enhancement of pupils’ lesson understanding, helping teachers to manage class time effectively, enhancing pupils’ academic performance, leading to pupils’ active participation in the lesson, helping in reducing learning difficulties among pupils, enabling teachers to meet diverse learning needs and motivating pupils. From the findings of the study it concluded that the implementation of lesson plans plays a critical role in supporting effective teaching and learning within public primary schools. Through systematic planning, teachers are able to organize their lessons in a logical sequence, ensuring that each part of the lesson aligns with curriculum objectives and responds to the needs of their pupils. Lesson plans help teachers manage classroom time effectively, enabling them to cover content thoroughly while providing opportunities for pupils to engage actively in the learning process. The study recommended that education authorities and school management should organize regular in-service training and workshops focusing on effective lesson planning and implementation. This will enhance teachers’ skills in aligning lesson plans with curriculum objectives, using varied instructional methods, and managing classroom time efficiently. For further studies the study recommended that future studies could investigate the impact of lesson plan implementation on teaching and learning outcomes in specific subjects such as Mathematics, Science, or English to determine subject-specific challenges and best practices.
Maslinawati Mohamad, Siti Marlia Shamsudin
The global economy faces significant economic and political risks due to climate change. Climate FinTech has become an essential component in digital transformation as the world has realised the urgency of climate change in protecting the environment. Many financial and non-financial institutions are increasingly collaborating with FinTech companies to develop FinTech projects that can benefit people and the environment. The growing number of climate FinTech companies has helped to facilitate and expedite the global financial sector’s transition toward a more sustainable future and greener world. The main objective of this conceptual paper is to review the past literature to discuss the issues concerning climate FinTech. The study’s findings suggest that climate FinTech is important in helping businesses migrate to more sustainable business models that will better integrate circular economy practices.
Mashita Abdul Jabar, Nik Rozilaini Wan Mohamed, Shareenie Shera Abdul Hamid, Zaity Akhtar Mukhtar
The study is focusing safety knowledge and safety practice in Malaysia, using the theory of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP). The survey utilizes of the respondents among outdoor recreation who involve guides, instructors and staff) in Malaysia (n = 300). Safety knowledge and safety practice were assessed using Likert-scale items that have been validated for adventure tourism in Malaysia. Linear regression analyses investigated the impact of safety knowledge (independent variable) on safety practice (dependent variable). The results revealed that safety knowledge is a significant predictor of safety practice, explaining a total of 27% of the variance in safety practice. Higher compliance with safety procedures and greater participation were obtained from practitioners' safety knowledge. Significance of the study provides empirical support for the KAP model in the Malaysian outdoor recreation context. This underlines the importance of security training and knowledge dissemination to improve ground security practices. The implications will be increased safety knowledge among outdoor recreation workers leading to better adherence to standard operating procedures (SOPs) and proactive safety behaviors, potentially reducing accidents.
Corina Joseph, Patrick Atan, Ranee Atlas, Susana William Jalil, Tamoi Janggu, Tina Stephen Enggong
Tourism development has the potential to shape communities in two distinct cultural directions, i.e., cultural preservation and cultural commodification. The objective of this paper is to examine the perceived socio-cultural effects of tourism on cooperative members/residents in Kampung Tuba, Pantu, Sarawak. The questionnaires were distributed to the cooperative members/residents at Kampung Tuba, Pantu, Sarawak, in August 2025. Findings reveal that two-thirds of respondents view tourism as a positive force that safeguards cultural identity, protects traditions, fosters neighbourhood spirit, enhances social cohesion, and instils pride in heritage. One-quarter of respondents voiced moderate concerns about possible cultural change, commercial exploitation of traditions, and the erosion of authenticity, indicating that these issues are acknowledged but not regarded as urgent threats. Ten percent of the respondents associated tourism with negative outcomes, such as crime, youth misbehavior, or tension with tourists, suggesting that these impacts are presently minimal. The study emphasises that inclusive governance, cooperative structures, and community-based tourism models are critical to ensuring that residents maintain agency over cultural representation. Continuous monitoring and adaptive management remain essential for sustaining authenticity and addressing emerging challenges. Overall, the research affirms that tourism, when responsibly governed, holds significant potential to empower communities, revitalise culture, and strengthen cultural pride while mitigating risks of commodification.
Cris Marie Gil D. Hamo-ay, Ronie G. Panes
This paper explores the role of mental health interventions in enhancing students’ retention in state universities and colleges (SUCs), highlighting the importance of early interventions in addressing the issue at hand. The researcher employs the PSALSAR and PRISMA framework to arrive at a systematic literature review for data brevity and depth. Additionally, the researcher also reviews the various and relevant reports, literature, and published works from different sources thereby widening the scope to draw more relevant results.
Hanna Rachelle A. Gohil, Melodina D. Garol, Stephen Paul G. Cajigas
This study explored the inaugural implementation of an on-the-job training (OJT) program for Bachelor of Science in Mathematics (BS Mathematics) students at a state university, marking the first time such experiential learning was offered despite the absence of a Commission on Higher Education (CHED) mandate for the discipline. Using thematic analysis of reflection papers and journal logs from 21 students (coded as Students A–U), the research examined their experiences, challenges, skills development, and professional insights. Findings reveal that students regarded the OJT as a transformative experience that strengthened both technical and soft skills, including communication, teamwork, and professionalism. While mathematics knowledge was not directly applied to most tasks, its emphasis on logical reasoning, precision, and problem-solving supported students’ adaptation to clerical, data management, and administrative responsibilities. The OJT also expanded students’ perspectives on career opportunities, demonstrating the relevance of mathematics graduates in public service, governance, and data-driven policy. Challenges included financial constraints, workplace adjustment, and gaps in technical competencies, but students developed coping strategies such as adaptability, mentorship-seeking, and disciplined work habits. Recommendations include institutionalizing structured OJT programs, strengthening academic–workplace linkages to enhance task relevance, and providing support mechanisms coupled with reflective activities. Overall, the study affirms the value of embedding OJT in mathematics curricula as a bridge between academic training and real-world application, fostering professional readiness and diversified career pathways.
Hanis Najwa Shaharuddin, Muhammad Hatta Shafri, Nawal Widad Mohd Safuan
This study aims to identify the effectiveness of using the Quizizz application in helping students understand the concept of fiʿl muʿtal based on the application of Bloom’s Taxonomy in question construction. The objectives of the study are to evaluate students’ perceptions of using Quizizz in assisting them to recall, comprehend, apply, analyze, and evaluate the concept of fiʿl muʿtal systematically. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey design. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument and distributed to 60 second-semester students taking the Programme in Professional Arabic Communication at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods involving mean and standard deviation. The findings show that the overall mean score is high in terms of students’ understanding and clarity in differentiating the types of fiʿl muʿtal. The results indicate that the use of Quizizz as a formative assessment tool can enhance students’ comprehension and engagement while promoting higher-order thinking skills (HOTS)-based learning.
Aimi Nabila Binti Anizaim, Siti Madihah Binti Zulkiflee
This research explores the use of ink wash painting art style in video games, focusing on how its elements are implemented and what potential benefits it will offer. The objectives of the study are to identify the core elements of ink wash painting art style, analyze how these elements are represented in the existing games, and justify the advantages of using the style in modern game design. The research involves qualitative analysis of selected games including Okami (2006), Thousands Layered Edge (2021) and Tensei (2024) This research aims to contribute to broader discussions on the integration of cultural art styles in contemporary game development.
Lee Hau., Na Hui Imm, Norlida Binti Razali
“Kuih Bakul Limau Mandarin” is a short story by Mohd. Helmi Ahmad and is included in the Malay literature selection for Form 1 of National Secondary Schools in Malaysia “KUINGIN Berterima Kasih” (2024). The story focuses on the Lim family, a Chinese family: daughter Lim Meng, long branded a “jinx,” is blamed by her father, Lim Pooi, for the death of her eldest son, Lim Foong, and the family's decline. She endures her father's misunderstanding and rejection. It's not until her mother, Sim Pau, steps forward and reveals the truth: her eldest son drowned to avoid gambling debts, and the family's decline stems from their father's mismanagement. Lim Pooi repents, and the family reunites before Chinese New Year, rediscovering their family's warmth.
Faridah Abdul Malik, Lily Azlina Ahmad, Nellia Lizrina Salleh
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is now widely used in language education, including Arabic. This study examined how Arabic Language teachers at the Centre for Languages and Pre-Academic Language Development (CELPAD, IIUM) engage with a CEFR aligned curriculum, focusing on their knowledge, perceptions, and challenges. A survey adapted from Ngu and Aziz (2019) was distributed to all staff in the department and included items on familiarity with CEFR, classroom practice, and curriculum implementation. The results show that teachers are generally aware of CEFR and recognise its relevance for teaching and assessment. They viewed CEFR as useful for setting benchmarks and guiding curriculum but reported uneven knowledge beyond the reference levels and difficulties in applying descriptors to lesson planning and student assessment. Teachers also identified the shortage of localized materials, limited training, and incomplete alignment between curriculum and assessment as barriers. These findings show that while CEFR is positively received and valued as a framework, its effective use in Arabic Language teaching requires stronger institutional support, sustained professional development, and resources designed specifically for Arabic.
Mimihayu Md Yusof., Nuramirah Zaini, Wan Effa Jaapar
This study explores ESL learners’ perceptions of recorded oral presentations (ROPs), focusing on their influence on speaking anxiety, motivation, and perceived usefulness. Oral presentations are a common pedagogical tool in ESL classrooms, yet live delivery often provokes high anxiety that undermines performance. Grounded in Krashen’s (1982) Affective Filter Hypothesis and Davis’s (1989) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study investigates whether ROPs provide a less pressured, technology-mediated alternative. A quantitative survey was administered to 106 Malaysian undergraduates enrolled in an English for Business Communication course. The instrument combined items from the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) with measures of motivation and perceived usefulness. Reliability testing demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .93 for anxiety, .92 for motivation, .95 for usefulness). Descriptive results revealed moderate speaking anxiety (M = 2.90), high motivation (M = 4.21), and strong perceived usefulness (M = 4.01). These findings suggest that ROPs can mitigate extreme anxiety, stimulate learner motivation, and be readily adopted due to their ease of use. The study underscores the potential of ROPs as a sustainable assessment strategy that balances affective support with technological acceptance in ESL contexts.
Dr. Siti Kausar Binit Zakaria, Mahendran Ramasamy, Ranjit Kaur A/P Gernail Singh, Shahrean Irani Abdul Rashid
Brain drain, the global migration of educated and skilled professionals, is one of the prominent problems of national development for Malaysia. Since the 1970s, the country has registered an outflow of talent for the domains of science, technology, medicine, engineering, and finance. This is the result of various interrelated push-and-pull factors like wage differentials, restricted vertical social mobility, political instability, and lucrative opportunities overseas. Singapore, Australia, the UK, and the US are the preferred emigration destinations for Malaysian professionals. Of the 1.86 million Malaysians living abroad, more than half are in semi-skilled or skilled positions. The impacts are dire: lack of innovative capacity, poor research productivity, and understaffed healthcare, not to mention the wider implications on Malaysia’s financial governance. All of these jeopardize the country’s efforts to transform into a high-income, knowledge-based economy. This essay assesses the causes and trends of brain drain in Malaysia with particular focus on the years between 2020 and 2025. It aims to show the consequences of phenomenon on the competitiveness of the country, public service delivery, and socio-economic equity. It addresses the structural problems of insufficient R&D funding in the country alongside the lack of amenities to support the culture of innovation. Insights from nations that have effectively reversed brain drain, like India, China, South Korea, and Ireland, provide useful strategies such as diaspora outreach initiatives, attractive return fellowships, enhancement of research infrastructure, and collaborations between industry and academia. Drawing from these insights, the essay suggests diverse partnership models for Malaysia, encompassing government-to-government agreements, collaborations between academic institutions, industry connections, and platforms for diaspora engagement. It is determined that addressing Malaysia’s brain drain needs extensive policy changes that enhance job conditions, bolster innovation systems, and leverage the diaspora’s skills via knowledge exchange and circular migration.
Noreena Md Yusoff
This paper aims to evaluate the expectations of potential investors in Mudharabah-based crowdfunding. It is a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with potential capital providers or rabb al-mal about the possibility of implementing Mudharabah-based crowdfunding in Malaysia. The data are analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that potential capital providers in Mudharabah-based crowdfunding are willing to invest if the investment platform is regulated. Despite the higher risk of losing the invested capital due to conditions in the Mudharabah contract, as long as both parties, mudharib and rabb al-mal, agree, Mudharabah-based crowdfunding could become a reality. Additionally, as typical investors, capital providers are believed to know and are expected to make the best investment decisions. However, even a smart investor can make mistakes due to cognitive biases, like believing the future will be as easy as the past. The study is limited because it focuses only on Malaysia, especially since Equity Crowdfunding (ECF) is still a new industry. Also, the number of interviewees is small because of convenience sampling. Nonetheless, the findings may still be valuable as this study is exploratory. Positive feedback from respondents can encourage regulators to take more serious actions to develop regulations for Mudharabah-based crowdfunding. Moreover, this funding option could be an alternative way for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to raise the capital needed for growth. Mudharabah-based crowdfunding could potentially benefit SMEs and promote the brotherhood concept as outlined in the Shariah objectives in finance. While many studies focus on regulators, Shariah experts, and business owners, this research gathers insights from capital providers. It also highlights the challenges faced by these providers in Mudharabah-based crowdfunding.
Dr. Marie Therese, Fr. Dr. Boby Joseph Thadathil, S.J.
The research explores the socio-cultural and economic challenges, such as gender norms, household income, and the cost of schooling, that hinder girls' active participation and retention in government schools in Nepal. This paper aims to investigate how gender norms and expectations impact the educational aspirations, academic performance, and self-esteem of school-going girls in Kathmandu, with a focus on the attitudes and behaviors of teachers and peers in classrooms, using a qualitative research design. A total of 12 different students were selected through purposive sampling, and a semi-structured interview was conducted, and thematic analysis was done to generate findings. The study finds that while students, particularly girls, face financial challenges at the start of the academic year, there is also inconsistencies in access to health and hygiene support. Many girls benefit from equitable treatment in schools and supportive family environments that encourage their education. However, disparities remain in academic support and teacher behavior, especially for students with weaker foundations, often due to earlier schooling conditions in rural areas. The research found that many girls today are supported and inspired; however, they still face numerous invisible barriers, including cultural pressure, family expectations, and the way they are treated in school, at home, and in society. This study highlights the importance of socio-cultural and institutional barriers that continue to affect the educational experience of teenage girls, despite progressive policy efforts toward gender equality in Nepal’s education system in the government schools.
Algielyn Mae C. Tabafa, Bai Sagura A. Malik, Gladys S. Escarlos
This systematic review explores the multifaceted factors influencing the transition of Alternative Learning System (ALS) graduates in the Philippines to higher education (HE). Guided by Bandura’s (1986) Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Tinto’s (1993) Student Integration Theory (SIT), the review synthesizes fifteen national and international studies published from 2018 to 2025. Following the PRISMA 2020 framework, relevant literature was retrieved from Google Scholar, ERIC, Scopus, and Philippine institutional repositories, screened through explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria, and appraised using the CASP and JBI checklists. Thematic synthesis revealed five recurrent and interrelated dimensions shaping ALS graduates’ higher-education transition: (1) academic readiness and study orientation, (2) institutional support and program linkages, (3) resource and implementation gaps, (4) socioeconomic and personal barriers, and (5) policy and systemic factors. Findings demonstrate that learners’ self-efficacy and environmental supports, consistent with SCT, determine motivation and persistence, while academic and social integration, in line with SIT, govern retention and success within higher-education environments. This review contributes to international scholarship on non-formal education pathways by providing an evidence-based conceptual model integrating psychological and institutional determinants of post-ALS transition. It concludes that a holistic approach, strengthening learner empowerment, inclusive institutional practices, and inter-agency coordination, is essential for sustainable lifelong-learning opportunities and equitable access to tertiary education.
Faizah Mohd Fakhruddin, Hisyamudin Amat, Mahathir Abdul Shukor, Mohd Ezwan Abdul Ghani, Mohd Johari Tarmidi, Noor Azmi Md Omar
This research investigates the factors of obesity among Johor State civil servants. A qualitative research approach and case study design were employed, involving semi-structured, in-depth interviews with five informants aged 29 and above from diverse state departments in Johor, Malaysia. The research findings highlight four social factors that contributed to obesity, such as peer influence, inconsistent eating habits, lack of physical activity, and workplace food environment. The cost of healthy food was found to be the economic factor influencing food choices. Besides that, the findings also show how the selective implementation of health incentives led to obesity among the informants. The study further recommends that future research incorporate quantitative methods to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of obesity. Furthermore, discussions should be facilitated through workshops or focus group discussions that enable individuals or experts to share experiences and strategies for addressing obesity’s social, economic, and policy factors. This approach aims to create healthier civil servants who can provide the best services to the community.
Mohammad Mujaheed Hassan, Mohd Safwan Ramli, Noor Junaini Arwin Yaacob, Nur Hidayah Ayob, Nurul Izzat Kamaruddin, Zaidatul Nadhirah Roslan
The quality of e-services has become a significant factor in young people's endorsement of brands in Malaysia due to the country's evolving telecom landscape.This study investigates the various elements of e-service quality, such as reliability, responsiveness, simplicity of use, personalization, security, and site design, and their impact on brand advocacy and opposition among 281 Malaysian youngsters. Data were collected using convenience sample approaches via a structured questionnaire, and the correlations were examined using Pearson-Correlation and Multiple Regression. The theoretical framework was based on the SERVQUAL theory of planned behavior and the TAM Model. The data show that responsiveness and personalization are crucial in encouraging favorable recommendations, but deficits in these areas lead to negative feedback. Furthermore, reliability and security play important roles in molding customer views and behaviors. The findings highlight the importance of strong e-service quality in affecting consumer perceptions and actions, giving actionable insights for firms looking to improve customer happiness and brand loyalty. Companies that prioritize responsiveness, personalization, reliability, and security can create favorable brand referrals while mitigating negative ones, which is critical for maintaining a competitive advantage in the digital age. This study adds to the current literature by identifying critical elements of e-service quality that impact brand referral behaviors and providing organizations with practical solutions for improving customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Wiston Mbhazima Baloyi
The widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has not only streamlined internal processes of the public sector but also advanced public services to citizens globally. Although these trailblazing technologies have been valued for their enhanced efficiency and streamlined processes, they have been susceptible to challenges that hinder their full potential, particularly in developing countries like South Africa. The purpose of this study is to explore the key challenges faced by the South African public sector in adopting AI. Grounded in the interpretivist paradigm, this study employs a qualitative methodology, utilising the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) technique to collect and synthesise data from the literature. The systematic analysis included 20 studies extracted from the Web of Science database. The findings of this study reveal that digital infrastructural deficit, digital illiteracy, policy and regulatory gaps, and ethical dilemmas are all key challenges encountered in the adoption of AI in the South African public sector. The implications of this study are relevant to deepening understanding and advising policymakers, decision-makers, and practitioners on AI challenges.
Azrul Shahimy Mohd Yusof, Daing Maruak Sadek, Izatul Akmar Ismail, Muhammad Saiful Islam Ismail, Noor Syahidah Mohamad Akhir
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent a global agenda to address multidimensional challenges of poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation, yet many developing countries struggle to mobilize sufficient resources to achieve these targets. Within this context, waqf, an Islamic philanthropic endowment, offers unique potential as a sustainable financing mechanism due to its perpetual nature and historical role in supporting socio-economic welfare. However, the contribution of waqf to the SDGs remains underexplored, particularly in terms of how its resources and mechanisms can be effectively structured to enhance development outcomes. The aim of this study is to propose the criteria that integrate waqf and SDGs context. This article employed a narrative review approach, drawing data primarily from the Scopus database, and applies an integrative thematic analysis to identify and synthesize key themes, and concepts. The findings suggest 5 (Five) themes that contribute to the SDG which are; 1) Waqf resources and governance, 2) Community participation, 3) Technology integration on waqf management, 4) Environmental sustainability, and 5) Infrastructure, healthcare, and education. This article has contributed by adding new construct theme as mentioned, as well as practical implication towards institution involved with waqf management and policy maker to develop waqf model as align with SDG’s global agenda.
Ijlal Saja, Nur Aqilah Norwahi, Nurul Asma Mazlan, Soo Yew Phong
This study investigates the relationships between multimedia-integrated teaching strategies, students’ use of multimedia-based learning approaches, and lecturers’ roles in multimedia use with students’ achievement in Mandarin language learning. Using a quantitative survey method, data were collected from 185 non-native Mandarin-speaking undergraduates in a Malaysian university. The study employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) to analyze the relationships between the variables. Findings revealed that students’ multimedia-based learning approaches significantly predicted achievement in Mandarin, while teaching strategies and lecturers’ roles showed no direct influence. The results highlight the role of learner autonomy and active engagement in multimedia environments for second language acquisition. The study recommends a pedagogical shift toward student-centered learning, enhanced digital literacy training, and more structured integration of multimedia tools in language classroom. It also suggests that future efforts should focus not only on how lecturers teach, but also on how students are guided to use multimedia tools independently in their learning.
Mohamed Hafizuddin Mohamed Jamrus, Nadiah Zubbir, Noor Aizah Abas, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Nurfarah Saiful Azam
Self-regulated learning strategies and motivational beliefs are considered to be contributing factors in determining students’ learning capacity. However, the relationship between the two variables are not commonly written in the realm of academia. It is of the best interest of learners that they incorporate self-regulated learning strategies and have high motivational beliefs in order to accomplish tasks in classes. Understanding the relationship between self-regulated learning strategies and motivational beliefs is essential for fostering effective learning. Researchers are addressing the need for a clearer understanding of how students' perceptions of their motivation would impact their ability to regulate their learning and the findings will provide insights into how educators can better support students in developing both the confidence and strategies necessary for academic success. This study aims to explore motivational factors in learning among undergraduates. A quantitative survey approach was employed. The instrument used is a 5-point Likert-scale survey adapted from Pintrich & De Groot (1990). The survey is divided into three sections: Section A collects demographic data, Section B includes 22 items assessing motivational beliefs, and Section C contains 22 items focusing on self-regulated learning strategies. A purposive sample of 282 participants completed the survey. This study finds that learners actively use cognitive strategies and self-regulation in their studies, staying motivated to achieve good grades. They plan and monitor their understanding but feel less confident when comparing themselves to peers in study skills and subject knowledge. Test anxiety is a moderate concern. There is a weak but significant link between self-regulated learning strategies and motivation. Educators should foster intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy while helping students manage test anxiety. Future research should explore how self-regulated learning and motivation influence each other over time.
Anis Syafiqah Alias, Farrah Azwanee Aminuddin, Norhazren Izatie Mohd
This systematic literature review analyses the impact of blockchain attributes on the automation of payments within the construction industry, where delays, disagreements, and insufficient transparency have historically impeded performance and confidence. Thirty-seven studies sourced from Scopus and Web of Science were examined in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to identify five principal themes namely smart contracts and payment automation, enabling technologies and data integration, financial mechanisms and cash flow, supply chain visibility and provenance, and adoption with governance considerations. The results demonstrate that blockchain-enabled smart contracts especially when integrated with BIM, IoT, and reality capture, facilitate precise, automated, and transparent payment procedures that diminish disputes and improve efficiency. Blockchain-based financial instruments like project bank accounts and tokenised settlements, enhance liquidity and cash flow management. Nonetheless, technical immaturity, interoperability deficiencies, regulatory ambiguity, and cultural resistance persist in hindering implementation. Blockchain exhibits significant potential to synchronise construction payment systems with the goals of Construction 4.0, subject upon the advancement of solid governance frameworks and pilot implementations.
Habibur Rahman Moni
This study demonstrates the trend and current scenario of audit fees in the listed companies of the cement industry in Bangladesh. The analysis uses 68 firm-year data from Bangladeshi listed cement companies, spanning the period from 2011 to 2020. The results indicate that the non-Big-4 affiliated firms dominate the cement industry's audit market. From 2013 to 2018, the audit fees incurred by businesses in this sector showed an increasing trend, and in the last two years, they have decreased. Furthermore, the audit fees incurred by Bangladeshi cement companies are far less than those suggested by the ICAB’s minimum audit fee schedule. This shows the trend for increased demand for lower audit fees in this industry, which ultimately leads to lower quality audits.
Kalai Selvan Arumugham, Thivyah A/P Thiruchelvan
This qualitative case study investigates how experienced English language teachers in Malaysian primary schools integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, QuillBot, and Canva Magic Write into their teaching practices. Five teachers with over five years of experience were purposively selected as participants. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and lesson plan analyses. The findings indicate that AI tools assist teachers in lesson design, assessment, and creative classroom engagement. Teachers reported that these tools enhance efficiency, differentiation, and student motivation, though challenges remain regarding technological limitations, overreliance, and the need for continuous professional development. The study highlights that effective AI integration can strengthen English language pedagogy when supported by adequate training, ethical awareness, and technological infrastructure.
BaoJing Cai, QianYing Ma, YuTong Chen
This study investigates the psychological and media-related mechanisms influencing university students’ purchase intention toward near-expired products (NEPs) by extending the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Based on a survey of 504 students in China, structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships among attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, media persuasion, and purchase intention. The structural model equation results reveal that attitude, subjective norm, and media persuasion significantly predict purchase intention, whereas perceived behavioral control shows no significant effect. These findings confirm the applicability of TPB to sustainable consumption and highlight the crucial role of media communication in shaping pro-environmental purchasing decisions. Theoretically, this study enriches the TPB framework by integrating media persuasion as an external antecedent, offering a more comprehensive understanding of how media persuasion enhances consumers’ environmental awareness and behavioral motivation. Practically, the results provide valuable implications for policymakers, enterprises, and universities to design effective media campaigns and educational strategies that encourage responsible consumption and reduce food waste among young consumers.
Enyi, Paul Onyebuchi, Nwovu, Sunday Osmond, Oko, Kingsley Ikechukwu, Okpube, Nnaemeka Michael
The focus of this study is to investigate the extent of safety compliance, in secondary school science laboratories in Abakaliki Education Zone of Ebonyi State. Two research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. The study employed descriptive survey design. This is to enable the researcher describe the extent of safety compliance and make decisions based on empirical evidence. The researcher used a total number of seventy-two (72) public secondary schools, out of 78 public secondary schools in the zone. This is because, six secondary schools out of 78 public secondary schools in the zone do not have science laboratory at the time of this research data collection. The researcher did not sample since, the number of secondary schools in the zone was not high. A four-point scale structured questionnaire developed by the researcher was used to collect data on the safety compliance. The instrument is made up of fourteen (22) items. Mean and standard deviation were used in answering the research questions while, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that the extent of safety compliance in secondary school science laboratories in Abakaliki Education Zone of Ebonyi State was high. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher therefore, recommended that Government of Ebonyi State and school authorities should keep up the present level of laboratory safety compliance in secondary school science laboratories in the state by collaborating with curriculum developers to review the existing curriculum and integrate the basic tenets of laboratory safety measures in the curriculum.
Bijoy Kumar Mondal, Md. Quamrul Ahsan Talukder, PAA
The study aims to identify the factors that affect primary-level student results and the factors that affect secondary-level student results. For this study responses were collected randomly from 501 primary level students and 165 secondary level students by adminstraating two interview schedules. In this study, IBM SPSS statistics were used for the chi-square test. The study revealed that at the primary level age of the student, gender of the student, presence in a month, illness in a month, father’s occupation, number of family members, number of siblings, opportunity to use internet, use of mobile phone, read a textbook in a day (time), distance from home to school, way to go to home to school, got book early in the year, go to school with school dress, methods of teachers take class were the important factors that effect on students result. And in the secondary level the study found, student present in a month, illness in a month and got book early in the year were the important factors that affect student results. Further, necessary suggestions were given to improve education in char area of Faridpur district.
Azrizal Ab Halim, Faizah Mohd Fakhruddin, Li Xuewei, Nur Afiqah Mohd Lamin, Tanusha Siva Kumar, Zhang Linman
The decision to remain childfree, defined as a deliberate choice to forgo having children, reflects a growing trend influenced by modern societal and economic dynamics. This qualitative study explores the multifaceted factors shaping childfree choices among Malay individuals in Malaysia, revealing a complex interplay of social and economic determinants. Through semi-structured and in-depth interviews with five informants, key themes emerged, including busy lifestyles, employer expectations, personal freedom, love-based marriages, shared values in marriage, a supportive social system, the absence of societal pressure, and concerns about financial instability. Findings indicate that demanding careers and economic uncertainties, particularly in the post-COVID-19 era, deter parenthood. At the same time, autonomy, mutual agreement, and supportive communities empower childfree choices, even in a traditionally pronatalist Malay cultural context. The study highlights a shift toward individualized definitions of marital fulfilment, challenging conventional family norms. Limitations include a small, non-representative sample and reliance on self-reported data, suggesting the need for mixed-methods and longitudinal research to enhance generalizability and explore evolving trends. Recommendations include developing family-friendly workplace policies, such as flexible work arrangements and affordable childcare, which could mitigate barriers to parenthood for those who desire it, as well as community interventions, while simultaneously studying their impact on childfree trends.
Nouman Ali
The rule of law and right of a fair trial and judgment forms the cornerstone of constitutional democracy. The eighteen amendments of constitution of Pakistan, Article 10A (2010) shipped the process from a judicial principle into a constitutional guarantee. This study aims to examine how these constitutional guarantees operate in practice when civilians are tried in military courts, using a comparative approach. however, the chronic trial of civilians before military courts continues to this guarantee. Basically, this is designed for maintaining discipline for the military, but these courts have enlarged their jurisdiction and include civilians blamed of terrorism also do wrong offences against state security. This study shows how Pakistan resolves its military jurisdiction through international obligations and national constitution to ensure a fair trial. this study examines Pakistan's legal and constitutional framework, as well as Britain’s neighboring Findley. International human rights level Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the general recommendation of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights 32. The study shows Pakistan’s main structural defects: the discreet methods, command influence, weak appeal rights, the absence of civilian oversight and explanation for legislation, and gaps in judicial and institutional processes. Comparative study with the British demonstrates that operational discipline and judicial freedom can coexist within constitutional checks. This article shows the reform structure proposing self-reliance appellate procedure, and also show governance reforms, and the supervision of parliament to match Pakistan’s military lawfulness with domestic fair trial and international fair-trial standards. It thus recommends an independent appellate process, enhanced civilian oversight, and stronger parliamentary supervision to align Pakistan’s military justice with domestic and international fair trial standards.
John Flomo Delphin
This study investigates the nexus between financial development and economic growth in Liberia, with a focus on post-civil war reforms and their implications. Using quarterly data from 2000 to 2023, the research employs the Vector Error Correction model and Granger causality tests to analyze the effects of various financial development indicators—specifically M2 (both including and excluding currency outside the banking system), domestic credit to the private sector, and mobile money—on real GDP growth. The results reveal a long-run equilibrium relationship between financial development and economic growth, with domestic credit to the private sector and the proportion of M2 within the formal banking system positively impacting growth. However, M2 inclusive of currency outside the banking system and mobile money adoption show negative long-term effects, potentially due to inefficiencies in financial intermediation and challenges in mobile money implementation. Short-run dynamics indicate that financial development does not have immediate significant effects on growth, and Liberia’s economy adjusts slowly to financial shocks. Based on these findings, this study recommended enhancing financial inclusion, encouraging savings mobilization, and addressing the challenges associated with mobile money adoption.
Dorina Olldashi
Access to finance has become a fundamental accelerator of inclusive economic development and growth especially in developing countries. Financial inclusion enhances entrepreneurship and savings and allocates resources more efficiently. This study examines the relationship of financial inclusion and economic growth in Albania from 2010 to 2023, based on data gathered from the World Bank, IMF and Bank of Albania. Using descriptive statistics and linear regression models, the paper examines the effect of banking sector indicators such as domestic credit to private sector, account ownership, and extent of digital payments on GDP growth. The coefficients reflect a strong positive association (R² = 0.71, p < 0.01) and power the evidence to support the contention that improved financial inclusion is significantly associated with economic performance. But enduring shortfalls in financial literacy, rural access and digital infrastructure are significant obstacles that remain to be tackled. The expansion of digital banking, enhancing financial education and SME access to credit will be needed in order to promote inclusive growth and long-term financial stability in Albania and other economies.
Bukunmi Agboola
Over the past decade, financial inclusion, focused on providing access to finance for the unbanked, has gained increased attention. This systematic review of 169 papers from 2015 to 2023 underscores its growing significance, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis considers demographic factors, regulatory policies, technological advancements, and global economic shifts, emphasising the pandemic's influence on financial inclusion strategies. However, the findings reveal a gap in the literature regarding the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted financial inclusion directly, highlighting the need for more nuanced research on this aspect to better understand recent developments in the discourse.
Joel Adetokunbo, Olakunle Sobowale, Oluwasola Dada
Financial literacy is rather important in the determination of household investment behavior especially in the developing economies where the access to the formal financial systems is not so high. This paper analyses the impact of financial literacy enhancement on saving behavior, entrepreneurship and involvement in organized financial markets. The study is done using a mixed-method research design as it incorporates both panel data collected through national financial inclusion survey, and structured household interviews in a sample of developing countries. The results show that there is a high positive correlation between financial literacy and household investment choices. Homes that have greater financial literacy exhibit higher rates of savings, more willingness to participate in entrepreneurial activities and more probable to use formal banking and investment products. Besides, with the help of financial literacy, information asymmetry is greatly minimized, and that way, the financial planning and accumulation of wealth is enhanced in the long term. The paper presents the significance of incorporating financial education in the national development policies as a driver to economic growth and poverty alleviation. The findings are useful to policymakers, financial institutions and development partners who would want to improve financial inclusion and encourage productive investment in the emerging markets.
Petrinah Lelenguiya
The study sought to analyze the impact of financial stability on the financial performance of small and medium deposit taking savings and credit cooperatives in Kenya. Financial stability was measured by capital adequacy and earnings ability while financial performance was measured by the return on assets. The study purposively sampled one hundred and thirty deposits taking savings and credit cooperatives using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Secondary data was collected from the published financial statements of the cooperatives and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics analysis found that the average capital adequacy is higher than the minimum recommended by the regulator. On average the earnings ability ratio indicated that the cooperatives spend seventy percent of income to cover operational expenses. The study found that capital adequacy and earnings ability have a statistically significant negative impact on financial performance. The study recommends that the cooperatives should consider investing the extra capital in income generating investment opportunities to maximize and to improve cost management by avoiding inefficient operations that cost more but in the long run yield less profits.
Egbuchilem, Boniface, Nwagwu, Apollos Chuks, Ogbodo, Ogomegbunam Immaculate
The study examined the strong relationship between residents’ locations, economic status, and flood prevention strategiess. The study adopted survey research design imploring the use of primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data were generated through the use of 330 copies of questionnaires administered to 330 randomly selected respondents in the study area. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as simple percentage while a Pearson Product moment Correlation (PPMC) statistical technique was used to test hypothesis. The data analysis revealed that occupation significantly influences how residents respond to flood hazards. The P-value of 0.000 was lower than the Alpha level of 0.05. The result showed that where people live, their economic situation, and how they try to prevent flood damage are all connected. Some of the ways people protect their homes include building raised pavements, raising the level of their floors, using small bridges to cross water, and filling their yards with sand. The study also suggests that people's behaviors and choices about flood protection might change depending on how much money they have because some solutions cost more than others. However, the study further warns that business owners, property developers, farmers, fishermen, and traders remain highly vulnerable to severe floods, particularly when planning is inadequate or financial resources are limited.
Intan Ermahani A.Jalil, Kurk Wei Yi, Mohd Sanusi Azmi, Sabrina Ahmad, Shaufy Yana Mohd Ezani
The "FloraHub: Smart Plant Hydration System" project tackles the shortcomings of traditional plant watering methods by proposing an innovative IoT-based solution. Conventional timed watering systems often result in water wastage and inadequate hydration, adversely affecting plant health and increasing expenses. To address these challenges, the project introduces an automated watering system integrated with soil moisture sensors and water flow sensors. These sensors continuously monitor soil moisture levels in real-time, triggering watering only when necessary, while also providing users the option to utilize a timer or tap a button on the mobile app for manual watering. Additionally, the incorporation of Grafana analytics enables comprehensive data analysis, offering insights into soil moisture trends, watering patterns, and water usage. By leveraging technology and data-driven solutions, the project aims to enhance operational efficiency, minimize water consumption, and promote environmentally responsible practices in plant care. The FloraHub system represents a significant advancement in plant management, providing users with a user-friendly and sustainable approach to ensure optimal plant growth and health.
Afiq Azri Mohd Ghani, Angela Chan Nguk Fong, Az-Athirah Zubairi, Nurul Nabila Ibrahim, Puteri Farahdiana Megat Suhaimi, Rashidin Idris, Sofiah Adilah Ahmad Foad, Thilaageshwary Thangadurai, Yuhanis Khalida A Rashid
The relationship between psychological well-being and employee productivity has received increasing attention in recent years as organizations recognize the importance of mental health in achieving sustainable performance. This study examines the impact of psychological well-being (PWB) on work performance (WP) among private sector employees in Klang, Selangor. Grounded in the PERMA framework and supported by positive organizational psychology theories, the research adopts a quantitative design using purposive sampling. A total of private sector employees aged 21 and above participated through standardized instruments, including the 18-item Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale (1995) and a validated Work Performance Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and regression analysis. The findings indicate no statistically significant differences in PWB and WP across demographic groups (p > 0.05). However, regression analysis reveals a significant but negative relationship between PWB and WP (β = –0.232, p = 0.008), suggesting that higher PWB does not necessarily correspond to higher work performance in this sample. The discussion highlights the complex nature of this relationship, influenced by contextual factors such as stress levels, leadership support, and organizational culture. The study underscores the need for organizations to implement holistic mental health initiatives that balance emotional well-being with performance expectations. In conclusion, fostering psychological well-being remains essential for enhancing motivation, engagement, and long-term productivity among employees in Malaysia’s private sector.
Afiq Azri Mohd Ghani, Angela Chan Nguk Fong, Az-Athirah Zubairi, Nurul Nabila Ibrahim, Puteri Farahdiana Megat Suhaimi, Rashidin Idris, Sofiah Adilah Ahmad Foad, Thilaageshwary Thangadurai, Yuhanis Khalida A Rashid
The relationship between psychological well-being and employee productivity has received increasing attention in recent years as organizations recognize the importance of mental health in achieving sustainable performance. This study examines the impact of psychological well-being (PWB) on work performance (WP) among private sector employees in Klang, Selangor. Grounded in the PERMA framework and supported by positive organizational psychology theories, the research adopts a quantitative design using purposive sampling. A total of private sector employees aged 21 and above participated through standardized instruments, including the 18-item Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale (1995) and a validated Work Performance Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and regression analysis. The findings indicate no statistically significant differences in PWB and WP across demographic groups (p > 0.05). However, regression analysis reveals a significant but negative relationship between PWB and WP (β = –0.232, p = 0.008), suggesting that higher PWB does not necessarily correspond to higher work performance in this sample. The discussion highlights the complex nature of this relationship, influenced by contextual factors such as stress levels, leadership support, and organizational culture. The study underscores the need for organizations to implement holistic mental health initiatives that balance emotional well-being with performance expectations. In conclusion, fostering psychological well-being remains essential for enhancing motivation, engagement, and long-term productivity among employees in Malaysia’s private sector.
Irlisuhayu Mohd Ramli, Nabila Ahmad, Zulkhairi Nisa
This study presents a bibliometric analysis of research trends and knowledge gaps in the area of food security and international trade. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of international trade on food security. We conducted a comprehensive review of academic literature published between 2000 and 2022 using the Scopus database. The findings suggest that research on food security and international trade has grown substantially, with a particular focus on issues related to trade liberalization, agricultural productivity, and food aid. However, there are several areas where further research is needed, including the impact of trade agreements on food security, the role of small-scale farmers in global food systems, and the effects of climate change on food security. Furthermore, trade policies also can give negative impact to the domestic production and also can led to disruptions in the global food supply chain, which will affect food prices. This study contributes to a better understanding of the research trends and knowledge gaps in the field of food security and international trade and can inform future research and policy discussions on this important topic. This study adds value to the existing literature by highlighting areas for further research, ultimately contributing to a better understanding of how international trade policies and agreements can impact food security outcomes.
Nor Fazlin binti Uteh, Nur Aniera Alieana binti Mohamad Zani, Suhana binti Mohamed
TechPreneur: The Padlet Edition is an interactive learning tool that can help students excel in their entrepreneurial courses. They can learn about technology and entrepreneurship engagingly and enjoyably. Hopefully, with the help of the version, students can better manage their one-semester course and stay on track to gain the knowledge, skills, and experiences they need from the subject. The focus of this Padlet is basically to teach students how to score the subject and help them to grasp it. Additionally, it will also give an early interest in business and teach the students how to think critically and solve problems. Students will benefit from the tools the lecturers have used as teaching aids. It would also be a fantastic method to educate about technology and entrepreneurship simultaneously, offering suggestions to make it more engaging and dynamic. Serving as an extra resource that helps students comprehend, is easy to use, and is enjoyable, Padlet is unmatched. Moreover, it encourages critical thinking and active learning, which facilitates a deeper comprehension of the material. The purpose of the tool is to enhance students' understanding of technology and entrepreneurship, stimulate their interest in the topic, and help them develop critical skills for future entrepreneurship.
Akmal Ahamed Kamal, Noor Farhani Othman, Raiha Shahanaz Redzuan, Siti Zuraida Maaruf, Tengku Noor Izzah Athirah Tengku Ismail
This study explores strategies to enhance student interest and engagement in painting education among secondary school students. Despite the recognized cognitive and emotional benefits of art education, many students remain disengaged in painting classes due to traditional, teacher-centered approaches and limited exposure to creative pedagogies. To address this issue, an innovative art module was developed using the ADDIE instructional design model, incorporating interactive materials such as QR-coded tutorials, painting kits, and flashcards to encourage active learning and creativity. A quantitative research approach involving 62 students was employed to evaluate the module’s usability. Findings revealed a notable increase in student motivation and participation, with 82% of respondents reporting greater interest in painting, 78.7% feeling more creative, and 75.4% preferring the module’s activities over conventional lessons. The study demonstrates that incorporating interactive, technology-supported, and student-centered resources can significantly enhance learning outcomes in art education. The results provide valuable insights for educators and curriculum designers seeking to revitalize art instruction through contemporary pedagogical frameworks. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting innovative and experiential learning approaches in fostering creativity, engagement, and appreciation for the visual arts.
Carolyn Elizabeth Kudozia, Nii Ayitey Komey, Roland Yaw Kudozia
This study investigates how knowledge utilization mediates the relationship between knowledge acquisition and organizational productivity in Ghanaian service firms. Drawing from a survey of 210 firms in Accra, we operationalize acquisition through multiple sources (e.g. regulatory, customer, competitor, product lessons) and utilization as deployment across human, structural, innovation, and customer capitals (plus decision-making). Reliability of the utilization scale is high (α = 0.912). Descriptive and nonparametric analyses confirm that firms report significant productivity improvements after knowledge acquisition, and Spearman’s correlation indicates a positive direct association between acquisition volume and productivity (ρ ≈ 0.387, p < .001). Using bootstrapped mediation modeling, we show that utilization partially mediates the acquisition → productivity path: firms that more intensively use acquired knowledge reap greater performance gains. The findings highlight that acquisition alone is insufficient — active embedding, deployment, and alignment matter most. Theoretically, this bridges the “knowledge processes” literature with firm performance models in an emerging-economy context. Practically, managers should not only seek knowledge but ensure its translation into actionable routines, decision practices, and capital investments.
Ayuni Azman, Hershan@Ray Herman, Ku Mohd Amir Aizat Ku Yusof, Lenny James Matah, Muhammad Izwan Ikhsan, Norhaini Nion, Rafidah@Malissa Salleh
Social media were originally intended as mediums for communication. Although legal protection still lags as compared to digital evolution, it has been continuously used as an informal platform for marketplaces in Malaysia. This study aims to explore the demographic, platform preferences, problems with online shopping and perceptions of legal framework using data collected through Google Forms (N=206). The findings indicate, TikTok was identified as the primary platform for online shopping. Additionally, a large number of respondents faced a wide range of problems such as fraud, counterfeit goods, damaged items and misleading advertisements. This has led to moderate trust in online safety and existing law. The results highlight an urgent need for consumer education enhancement and enforcement mechanisms for a better protection of online consumers.
Dr. Candida S. Punla
This study investigates the awareness and perceptions of teachers in the Schools Division of Bataan, specifically within the Dinalupihan West District Elementary Schools, concerning Gender and Development (GAD). To address the lack of appropriate survey instruments, the researcher created and validated a new scale aimed at effectively measuring these aspects. The questionnaire comprises two sections: one with 67 items dedicated to awareness and another with 60 items focusing on perceptions. The validation process included a comprehensive literature review and expert feedback, yielding a high item relevance rating (I-CVI=0.958), indicating that the questions are well-accepted. Additionally, the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/SU=0.90) showed that 115 out of 127 items were regarded as relevant by experts. Reliability analysis of data from 75 respondents resulted in a Cronbach’s Alpha of .943, reflecting excellent consistency. Analysis of responses from 228 teachers revealed a significant need to enhance GAD awareness programs, especially in areas like Gender Analysis, GAD laws, and foundational concepts. The findings highlight the importance of improving teachers' understanding of GAD tools, laws, mandates, and issues related to gender bias and marginalization. Furthermore, there is a pressing need to bolster the initiatives of the Department of Education in the Dinalupihan West District, ensuring that both administrators and staff gain a deeper grasp of critical gender-related topics. This effort seeks to create a more inclusive and informed educational landscape for all stakeholders involved.
Azydyana Azlyka Ahmad Azli, Fatimah Najah Azizan, Mohd Firdaus Ismail, Mohd Fuad Sahbudin, Muhammad Syazwan Abdul Rahman, Nor Khadijah Mohd Azhari
The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented disruptions to global semiconductor supply chains and exposed structural vulnerabilities within Malaysia’s high-tech manufacturing ecosystem. This paper examines the sustainability and resilience of the Malaysian economy before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on the balance between saving and spending patterns. Using Micron Technology as a case study, the analysis explores Malaysia’s economic transformations, corporate responses, and the implications for ethical and sustainable growth. Findings indicate that Malaysia’s pre-pandemic growth trajectory, while robust, faced challenges of inequality and environmental sustainability. The pandemic revealed structural vulnerabilities but also accelerated technological adoption and ethical awareness among firms. Post-pandemic recovery has emphasized sustainable industrial practices, investment in research and development (R&D), and responsible corporate conduct. This study concludes that balancing ethical financial practices, technological investment, and inclusive growth is essential for Malaysia’s long-term economic resilience.
Chun Keat Yeap, Hu Fen, Irene Yoke Chu Leong, Kuldip Kaur Maktiar Singh
This study examines how teachers’ affective attitudes toward non-Chinese students relate to their evaluations of learning outcomes, teaching engagement, and perceptions of learning difficulties in intercultural classrooms. Based on 196 valid questionnaires from Chinese primary school teachers in Selangor, Malaysia, the study adopts a quantitative cross-sectional design using descriptive and inferential analyses. Results show that teachers’ affective attitudes (like / dislike / neutral) are not significantly associated with their teaching engagement or evaluations, indicating professional consistency beyond emotional preference. Background variables such as age, qualification, and homeroom status show no moderating effects. However, affective attitudes are significantly related to perceived learning difficulties (χ² = 30.7, p < .01, Cramér’s V = 0.280): teachers with positive attitudes emphasize expressive and literacy challenges, while negative-attitude teachers focus on memory and uncontrollable barriers. The findings suggest that affective attitudes influence teaching indirectly through attributional perceptions rather than direct behavioral engagement.
Dr.Neesa Ameera Mohamed Salim, Guo Yuetong
This study examines the symbolic and cultural meanings of the Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea window-paper cutting from Penglai, Shandong. As a representative work of Shandong folk art, it reflects the region’s integration of myth, belief, and visual expression. The research aims to explore how the visual form, compositional language, and symbolic imagery of this paper-cutting transform a traditional Taoist myth into a meaningful system of visual communication. Using semiotic and iconographic methods, the study analyzes the work’s symbolic structure and semantic content. The eight immortals and related motifs—such as phoenix, cloud, willow, and longevity peach—construct a rich network of visual symbols that express moral virtue, cosmic harmony, and collective blessing. The circular composition and rhythmic arrangement embody the Shandong aesthetic of fullness and balance, translating mythological transcendence into familiar cultural signs. The findings show that this folk paper-cutting converts myth into visual communication through three main processes: symbolic simplification, compositional harmony, and cultural recontextualization. It functions not only as decoration but also as a living medium of belief and moral education. The research highlights how Shandong folk art transforms intangible spiritual heritage into enduring visual language, contributing to the preservation and revitalization of local culture.
Anna Maria Acocella, Oliviero Rossi
Contemporary pain management in clinical settings faces a fundamental epistemological dilemma between the traditional biomedical approach, focused on sedation and symptom control, and phenomenological approaches that recognize pain as a meaningful existential experience. Gestalt psychotherapy offers a unique perspective in this debate, proposing the traversal of pain as a therapeutic alternative to systematic avoidance. This article examines the theoretical foundations and clinical implications of the Gestalt approach to pain, analyzing the tension between sedation and traversal as alternative therapeutic paradigms, and evaluating the conditions that make each strategy clinically appropriate. This narrative review of the Gestalt literature on pain, supplemented with contributions from phenomenology, affective neuroscience, and narrative medicine, proposes atheoretical-clinical synthesis that links the principles of contact theory with the clinical experience of traversing pain. The Gestalt approach conceptualizes pain not as an error to be corrected, but as a meaningful interruption in the cycle of organism-environment contact. The process of moving through pain, based on the principles of allowing, giving time, and trusting the process, emerges as a therapeutic strategy that preserves the vitality of contact with oneself, offering an alternative to systematic sedation when clinically appropriate. The processual management of pain in Gestalt psychotherapy contributes to a more holistic therapeutic paradigm that integrates technical skills with existential accompaniment abilities. The article proposes clinical criteria to guide the choice between sedation and traversing and emphasizes the importance of specific training for mental health professionals. This work aims to offer an innovative conceptual framework and stimulate scientific debate, laying the foundations for future empirical and applied investigations.
Farhana Zerin Lubna, Rubel Hossen
This qualitative study moves beyond documenting gendered disparities to examine the intricate interplay between patriarchal structures and children’s agency in shaping childhoods in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Through fieldwork that involved 45 in-depth interviews with children, parents, teachers, and participant observations across urban, peri-urban, and rural settings, the study reveals how a powerful architecture of gender inequality is reproduced. This architecture is sustained through a gendered division of labor that functions as a tacit curriculum, an economic rationale framing sons as "appreciating assets" and daughters as "symbolic capital," and a panoptic system of honor (izzat) that enforces female conformity. However, to complicate a straightforward deterministic view, our research identifies one primary locus of tension: media consumption. The paper argues that television and social media constitute a contested terrain wherein patriarchal norms are simultaneously reinforced and subverted. Counter-narrative exposure breeds a critical agency in children that manifests not as overt rebellion but as "quiet resistance" in the form of clandestine aspirations, negotiated identities, and inconspicuous acts of non-conformity. The study concludes that Rajshahi childhood is not only a site for social reproduction but a dynamic and contested space wherein structures of inequality are actively negotiated and, in nascent ways, challenged.
Alice Shanthi, Jane Xavierine
This study looks at the effectiveness of digital skills training for creating digital magazines. It compares participant responses before and after a webinar called "Craft & Click: The Art of Modern E-Magazine." The research examines how factors affecting readiness relate to learning results and the development of confidence. Data was collected from 162 surveys before the webinar and 151 surveys after it. These surveys measured aspects like technical preparedness, previous experience, clarity of content, and confidence after training. The findings show a significant rise in participant confidence, with a 12% increase, and a notable jump in satisfaction ratings. Sixty-five per cent gave the highest ratings after the webinar, compared to 32.84% before it. The research highlights that practical demonstrations, clear explanations, and logical content flow are very effective in teaching digital publishing. This paper adds to the growing field of digital literacy by identifying key factors that influence successful learning in specialised digital skills training.
Nini Suhana Mastini Razi, Nor Balkish Zakaria, Nurul Azlin Azmi, Raja Adzrin Raja Ahmad, Wan Imran Daniel Aminurrashid
This study investigates environmental sustainability reporting among 214 Malaysian public-listed companies over the period 2018–2022. Focusing on six key environmental indicators (EN1–EN1.5) derived from the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI Standards) and the Bursa Malaysia Sustainability Reporting Framework, the research assesses the extent and progression of environmental disclosure across dimensions such as total environmental reporting, 3R practices, reuse and reduction activities, recycling, eco-friendly product innovation, and waste management systems. Descriptive statistics and trend analysis were used to evaluate reporting patterns over time. The results reveal a consistent upward trend across all indicators, reflecting firms’ growing commitment to environmental responsibility and the institutionalisation of sustainability practices within corporate governance. The findings support institutional theory, suggesting that regulatory pressures, stakeholder expectations, and industry norms have collectively driven greater environmental accountability and standardisation in disclosure practices. Overall, this study contributes longitudinal evidence on corporate environmental reporting in an emerging economy context. It highlights how Malaysian firms are transitioning from compliance-based disclosure to integrated sustainability management, aligning with international reporting standards and contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Karisma Sri Rayahu, Mu’izzuddin Mat Nor, Najihah Azimi Ahmad Najib, Nurfaznim Shuib, Nurul Izzati Idrus, Siti Murni Mat Khairi
In recent years, the urgency of addressing environmental degradation has intensified the call for businesses to adopt more sustainable practices. While Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) has become an established component of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding of how CER translates into sustainable business practices across diverse organizational contexts. This gap highlights the need to synthesize current research to clarify how CER contributes to long-term business resilience, stakeholder trust, and ecological stewardship. The aim of this study is to critically examine the relationship between CER and sustainable business practices by identifying consistent, rising, and novel themes emerging from the literature. The study employed a structured literature review approach, drawing on peer-reviewed publications indexed in Scopus. A thematic analysis was conducted to categorize findings into three levels: consistent themes, such as the enduring role of CSR and green innovation in sustainability; rising themes, including the growing focus on the link between sustainability practices and financial performance; and novel themes, notably Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) and corporate environmental governance in China. The findings indicate that CER serves as both a strategic imperative and a driver of innovation, with consistent themes underscoring the enduring relevance of CSR in aligning business goals with sustainable development. Rising themes suggest a stronger business case for sustainability, as organizations increasingly recognize financial gains associated with environmental responsibility. Meanwhile, novel themes expand the discourse by integrating human capital and regional governance into the sustainability agenda. The study carries both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, it advances sustainability scholarship by integrating environmental governance, innovation, and organizational behavior perspectives. Practically, it highlights pathways for businesses to embed sustainability into core strategies, foster green corporate cultures, and align with global sustainability goals. These insights provide a foundation for future research exploring the multidimensional impacts of CER.
Irlisuhayu Mohd Ramli, Zulkhairi Nisa
Agricultural systems worldwide face mounting challenges from resource depletion, climate variability, and rising food insecurity, necessitating innovative solutions that balance productivity with sustainability. The circular economy (CE) framework has emerged as a promising pathway to address these challenges by promoting waste reduction, resource efficiency, and sustainable value creation. However, the integration of CE principles into agricultural trade networks remains fragmented, and limited attention has been given to the role of digital technologies and nutrient management in strengthening resilience and food security. This study aims to examine the thematic landscape of CE applications in agriculture, identify consistent, rising, and novel themes, and explore their implications for theory and practice. A systematic review method was adopted, drawing on peer-reviewed literature and bibliometric insights from Scopus to map the evolution of CE research in agriculture. The analysis revealed four thematic clusters: (i) consistent themes, including agro-industrial waste management through recycling and valorization; (ii) rising themes, particularly the integration of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, digital twins, and advanced analytics in circular agriculture; and (iii) novel themes, including nutrient circularity in agri-food systems and sustainable approaches to agricultural waste treatment. Collectively, these themes underscore a shift from traditional waste management to more technologically advanced and ecologically embedded approaches. The findings carry both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, the study extends resilience and sustainability frameworks by situating CE as a multidimensional strategy for adaptive agricultural systems. Practically, the results highlight actionable opportunities for policymakers, agri-businesses, and smallholder farmers to reduce environmental impacts, improve efficiency, and strengthen food system resilience. Ultimately, the study calls for integrative, interdisciplinary, and equity-focused research to scale CE practices, with particular attention to digital innovation and nutrient management in global agricultural trade.
Berlian Nur Morat, Erindah Dimisyqiyani, Nurfaznim Shuib, Nurul Amira Azmi, Nurul Izzati Idrus, Ridhwan Ludin
The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into workplace systems presents both opportunities and challenges for advancing ergonomics. The literature address how AI can be harmonized with ergonomic principles to enhance workplace design, safety, and human well-being. This gap underscores the need for a systematic synthesis of research on AI-driven ergonomic applications. The study aims to (i) analyze the existing body of research on AI-driven ergonomic applications, (ii) construct a conceptual map capturing the intersections of human, technological, and organizational factors, (iii) identify the contributions of key topic experts, and (iv) synthesize emerging themes that define future directions. A comprehensive review was conducted using Scopus AI (25 September 2025). The method involved retrieving and analyzing relevant documents through search strings incorporating terms related to AI, ergonomics, workplace design, and integration. Scopus AI tools such as Summary, Expanded Summary, Concept Map, Topic Experts, and Emerging Themes were applied to identify patterns in research productivity, thematic structures, and knowledge gaps. The findings reveal that AI integration with ergonomics has yielded applications across diverse sectors, including workplace health and safety, smart manufacturing, automotive design, and fashion manufacturing. Consistent themes such as AI in smart manufacturing, human-AI collaboration, and AI in human resource management highlight ongoing advancements, while rising themes such as AI-powered wearable technology, occupational health and safety, and smart building systems indicate new frontiers. Challenges related to ethics, data privacy, workforce readiness, and organizational resistance were also identified. The study provides both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, it expands ergonomic discourse by situating it within human-centered AI frameworks, while practically, it offers insights for organizations seeking to implement AI solutions responsibly. These findings highlight the transformative potential of AI-driven ergonomics while emphasizing the need for ethical, sustainable, and user-centered integration.
Akmal Adanan, Asliza Mohd Yusof, Ezwani Azmi, José Luis Pardo Cuerdo, Rafidah Abas
Sustainable tourism education integrates tourism economic, environmental and socio-cultural impacts and learners’ understanding while fostering critical thinking, systems thinking, and responsible action toward sustainable development goals (SDG). While previous studies focused on collaborative teaching and sustainable tourism education separately, the integration of Spanish culture, computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) and sustainable education are notably scarce suggesting the current research as both timely and innovative. This study addresses the gap by assessing learners’ overall perceptions and understanding of Spanish culture in relation to sustainable tourism education. It exemplifies a collaborative pedagogical design that augments formal academic with authentic cultural insights from a native expert under the collaborative teaching module between HTT280 Geography and Culture in Tourism lecturers at UiTM Alor Gajah Campus and the Embassy of Spain in Malaysia. A post-webinar survey was administered to 98 participants following the session. Descriptive analysis summarized participants’ perceptions while thematic analysis was employed to identify key cultural takeaways and additional feedback. Findings indicated that the webinar significantly enhanced participants understanding of Spanish culture, demonstrating its effectiveness in fostering cultural awareness. The webinar’s content delivery and the value of the cultural experience was found to be effective. The native speaker’s deep-rooted knowledge and firsthand experience in Spanish culture and tourism and shared reflections acted as key drivers that shaped their learning experience. The webinar’s format, duration, and platform were perceived as effective in delivering ethical and cultural learning outcomes, suggesting that sustainable tourism education conducted virtually can be as impactful as conventional face-to-face methods. The study’s implications suggest that adopting collaborative teaching to create authentic learning experiences fosters intercultural understanding, vital for sustainable tourism education. Furthermore, investing in digital technology demonstrates a scalable and environmentally-friendly approach to align cross-cultural education with sustainability principles. Consequently, stakeholders and policymakers should design a comprehensive syllabus integrating collaborative pedagogies and digital learning to enhance cultural competence while minimizing the carbon footprint.
Analyn S. Clarin, Genelyn R. Baluyos, Joy Lyn C. Mutia, Sharmaine A. Fernandez
Microteaching is a vital component in teacher education, yet many pre-service teachers struggle to apply theoretical knowledge in practical classroom strategies. This qualitative case study explored the challenges faced by BEED pre-service teachers during microteaching at a teacher education institution in Misamis Occidental. Using Yin’s (2014) case study design and purposive sampling, five students, five parents, and five supervising teachers participated. Data were gathered through interviews and analyzed using HYPERESEARCH software. Findings revealed difficulties in applying learner-centered strategies, classroom management, and designing age-appropriate lessons. Emotional barriers such as anxiety and self-doubt further impacted performance. Despite these, students adopted coping strategies like active planning, practice, and reflection. Six themes emerged: (1) Struggles in Translating Theory to Practice, (2) Emotional Barriers in Instruction, (3) Strengthening Preparedness through Planning and Rehearsal, (4) Reflective Growth via Feedback and Support, (5) Capacity-Building through Mentorship, and (6) A Structured, Supportive Learning Ecosystem. An enhancement program was proposed to bridge the gap between theory and practice.
Marzlin Marzuki, Noora’in Omar, Nurul Fatihah Ilias, Roshidah Safeei, Siti Sakinah Azizan
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into accounting education is increasingly reshaping traditional pedagogical approaches, offering innovative tools that enhance student engagement and academic performance. Despite the growing availability of AI-driven technologies, many institutions continue to rely on conventional teaching methods, limiting the potential for personalized and interactive learning experiences. This study aims to explore how AI integration influences pedagogical innovation and ultimately improves learning outcomes in accounting education. Using a narrative review methodology, relevant literature was synthesized from peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus, focusing on AI applications in accounting, finance, and higher education. The proposed conceptual framework integrates the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the AI Competency Adaptation Framework (AICAF) to explain how educators’ perceptions of AI’s usefulness and ease of use influence instructional innovation. Findings reveal that AI-powered tools such as intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive assessments, and real-time feedback mechanisms significantly improve personalization, interactivity, and alignment of curricula with industry demands. However, effective implementation is influenced by moderating factors, including faculty readiness and institutional support. This study contributes to both academic discourse and practical application by proposing a structured model that guides educators and policymakers in the strategic adoption of AI-based pedagogies. It also highlights the need for systemic reforms in teacher training and infrastructure development to ensure equitable and sustainable AI integration in accounting education.
ADEJUMO Dauda Adegoke., ALABI Ezekiel, OGUNLEYE Philip Oluwole
Fuel subsidy removal has become a major policy challenge with significant implications for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), which are highly vulnerable to cost shocks. The 2023 removal of fuel subsidy in Nigeria created a surge in energy and transport costs, affecting MSME productivity and sustainability, especially in Lagos State, the commercial hub. This study therefore assessed the effect of fuel subsidy removal on MSME performance in Lagos State, Nigeria, focusing on business protection measures. The study examined the effect of energy costs, transportation and logistics costs, and government and institutional supports on MSME performance. The study used a descriptive survey research design. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 969 MSME owners drawn from a study population of 3,337,552 using Taro Yamane’s formula. Reliability of the instrument was established through pilot testing and Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analysed using multiple regression. Findings revealed that energy costs (β = 0.890), transport and logistics costs (β = 0.839), and government and institutional supports (β = 0.770) significantly affected MSME productivity. The study concluded that subsidy removal negatively affects MSME performance, but government support can reduce the effect. It recommended targeted support in energy alternatives, subsidised logistics, tax reforms, and awareness campaigns. Policy implications include strengthening institutional frameworks to help MSMEs build resilience during economic reforms.
Kamarularifin Abd Jalil, Kurk Wei Yi, Mohd Hariz Naim @ Mohayat, Muhammad Amirul Asraf Bin Mustafa
Remote host resource monitoring is a critical aspect of maintaining and operating distributed computing environments, especially in the era of DevOps where development and operations are integrated to support continuous delivery. As the number of remote systems and personnel involved in operational phases increases, existing monitoring solutions struggle with decentralization, limited accessibility, and lack of user-centric customization. This project introduces FUKURO (Fundamental Kernel Utilization Realtime Overseeing), an integrated monitoring system designed to centralize remote host management and improve efficiency through automation. The system comprises three core components: a Python-based agent installed on the remote host to collect performance metrics such as CPU, memory, disk, and network utilization; a NodeJS web service server that aggregates data into a centralized MySQL database and manages alerts; and a Flutter-based mobile application providing a cross-platform interface for real-time visualization and configuration. Through systematic testing, FUKURO successfully achieved real-time metric collection, threshold-based alert notifications, and seamless data synchronization between hosts and mobile devices. The results demonstrate that the system enhances accessibility, simplifies collaboration among DevOps teams, and reduces technical overhead for monitoring remote resources. Future enhancements aim to extend agent compatibility across multiple operating systems and integrate predictive analytics for proactive maintenance.
Boon Cheong, Chew, Lay Hong, Tan, M. Shahrizan, Rahmat, Syaiful Rizal, Hamid
As Malaysia’s first designated Women-Friendly City, Subang Jaya provides a unique opportunity to examine how gendered perspectives shape urban design and public perception. This study applies gender analysis to assess the planning, implementation, and post-occupancy stages of the city’s development. Through a review of local gender-mainstreaming policies, site observations, expert interviews, and a survey of 200 residents, the research highlights critical gaps and successes in gender integration. Findings indicate limited collaboration between women-friendly city planners and gender policy experts during the planning phase, leading to only partial implementation of gender-responsive measures. Nevertheless, survey results reveal that both women and men generally perceive Subang Jaya as safe. Notably, gender differences in safety priorities emerge: men tend to value CCTV surveillance, while women place greater importance on active safety features like emergency call buttons. This suggests a preference among women for proactive safety mechanisms over passive monitoring systems. The paper argues that embedding a gender-sensitive approach in urban planning is crucial to building inclusive, equitable, and responsive cities—offering important insights for Subang Jaya’s continued evolution as a Women-Friendly City.
Kazi Mostari
This paper presents a comparative feminist reading of two landmark texts: Sultana’s Dream (1905) by Begum Rokeya (Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain) and I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969) by Maya Angelou. By situating Rokeya’s feminist utopia and Angelou’s autobiographical narrative of race, gender and self-actualisation within a broader discourse of gender and empowerment, the study demonstrates how both authors challenge patriarchal norms and envision women’s agency in distinct historical, social and cultural contexts. Rokeya imagines a radical inversion of gender roles in a colonial Bengal context; Angelou chronicles the lived struggles and triumphs of a Black woman in mid-twentieth-century America. Through textual analysis, feminist theoretical frameworks and intersectional lenses, this study traces how empowerment is constructed, resisted and realised in each text. The paper identifies convergences and divergences in the authors’ feminist vision, culminating in a research gap concerning the cross-cultural dynamics of empowerment and the role of utopian fiction compared with autobiography in feminist literary studies. The findings illuminate how women’s empowerment is not only about individual transformation but also about structural and imaginative re-visioning of gendered worlds.
Agwu Agwu EJEM, Emmanuel Toba ADEKEYE, Nkem FAB-UKOZOR, Somtochukwu Victor OKEKE
This review synthesizes recent evidence on whether gender-responsive disaster management and risk communication improve disaster resilience and reduce impact. It identifies mechanisms and barriers, and highlights best practices and research gaps. The study uses the Disaster Crunch model, also known as the Pressure and Release (PAR) model, to clarify how disasters stem from hazards and underlying vulnerabilities. Researchers used a systematic literature review to identify, select, assess, and synthesize relevant studies. A literature search in Semantic Scholar and PubMed produced 1,050 potential papers, of which 86 were included. The review shows that gender-responsive disaster management and risk communication enhance resilience and mitigate the impacts of disasters. They do so by addressing gendered vulnerabilities, adopting intersectional and inclusive approaches, and fostering adaptive capacity. The analysis also notes barriers to effectiveness, such as persistent patriarchal norms and implementation gaps. However, further research and action are needed to close existing gaps and achieve truly inclusive and effective disaster risk reduction.
Henry Wasosa
Despite growing awareness of mental health needs, men remain significantly less likely than women to seek professional or social support when experiencing psychological distress. Cultural expectations of stoicism, fear of stigma, and gender role socialisation contribute to a tendency for men to rely on solitary problem-solving rather than verbal expression. This article examines existing research on gendered coping mechanisms and the impact of silence on men’s well-being. It further proposes evidence-based interventions, including reframing help-seeking as a sign of resilience, integrating peer-support models, and designing male-friendly therapeutic outreach. By aligning mental health promotion with masculine norms of strength and responsibility, men can be encouraged to engage in healthier coping strategies, ultimately reducing the burden of untreated mental health conditions.
Irene Matern Msambali, Ludovick Myumbo, Patrick Masanja
Gender norms play a critical role in influencing health-seeking behaviour, yet their influence on caregivers' decision-making for children under five remains underexplored in Tanzania. This study examined how culturally constructed gender roles affect caregivers' ability to recognise illness, make healthcare decisions, and access timely treatment in Morogoro Municipality. A qualitative research design was employed, combining semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and non-participant observations with 12 caregivers. Thematic analysis revealed three main findings: (i) women are the primary caregivers responsible for identifying and monitoring childhood illnesses but face limited autonomy due to male authority and financial control, (ii) men's roles as household heads and financial providers grant them ultimate decision-making power over healthcare access, and (iii) women exercise situational agency, particularly during emergencies, though these actions often risk social disapproval. The findings are interpreted through the lens of the Gender and Development (GAD) theory, highlighting how gendered power relations mediate health-seeking behaviours and influence child health outcomes. The study underscores the need for interventions that address structural gender inequalities, including community education, male engagement in child health responsibilities, and women's economic empowerment. By enlightening the intersection of gender norms and child health, this research contributes to advancing SDGs 3 (good health and well-being) and 5 (gender equality) in low-resource contexts.
Marodza Luckmore, Masiiwa Spencer T, Muzondo Pardon J
This research presents an affluent analysis of the gendered dynamics of marriage celebrations and how women and men build differently the cultural, symbolic, and social features of marriage. Based on qualitative comparative research employing data from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, this study discovers women positioned at the symbolic centre of marriage rituals. Their increased public visibility as dress, ritual practice, and performative acts is a necessary means of social recognition and identity validation. Men, by contrast, adopt primarily a muted, matter-of-fact option, stipulating marriage in terms of economic duty and stable long-term availability as opposed to symbolic exhibition. Findings account for how wedding festivals are a powerful location for confirming classic gender roles: women's celebratory centrality simultaneously confirms their social status and rehearses patriarchal obligation, while men's quiet presence announces persistent cultural scripts of masculinity concerning provision and dominance. This research adds to more general arguments in the academy around gender, identity, and cultural performance because it shows how celebration cultures are both empowering and limiting spaces. The paper concludes by advocating for more inclusive marital practices that balance symbolic visibility with shared responsibility and recommends further cross-cultural research to explore the evolution of marital rituals in the context of shifting global gender norms.
A. R. Abu Kassim, M. Mohamad
This paper investigates gender-based differences in food availability and perceptions of the food environment among university students. The study draws a cross-sectional survey conducted among 397 students at UiTM Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia, and explores how male and female students differ in their access to healthy outlets, availability of nutritious snacks, exposure to unhealthy advertising, and perceptions of institutional nutrition information. Chi-square analysis revealed significant gender differences: female students reported easier access to healthy food outlets (²=18.739, =.003) and greater availability of healthy snacks (²=18.739, <.001), while male students experienced more exposure to unhealthy food advertisements (²=11.819, =.019), Females also perceived stringer institutional nutrition information (²=7.012, =.008). The findings underline the necessity of gender-sensitive food policies that consider the unique challenges faced by both groups. The paper contributes to the literature by contextualizing gendered food environments in Malaysia and offering policy recommendations to foster healthier eating practices in university settings.
Caturida Meiwanto Doktoralina, Daing Maruak Sadek, Intan Nursyuhada Muhamad Nasir, Izatul Akmar Ismail, Mohd Muhsinul Nidzam Abdullah, Nik Liyana MustapaNik Daud, Sakinatul Raadiyah Abdullah
The formation of student identity plays a crucial role in achieving Malaysia’s national aspiration of producing citizens who are patriotic, competitive, and progressive. Within this context, the implementation of General Studies courses (Mata Pelajaran Umum, MPU) in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) serves as an important initiative to cultivate values, ethics, and a strong sense of national identity among students. Despite these intentions, MPU courses are often perceived by students as less relevant or unnecessarily burdensome, primarily due to the heavy academic workload and the prioritization of discipline-specific subjects. This study aims to explore the contribution of MPU courses to student identity formation and to analyze their relevance within the broader framework of higher education in Malaysia. Employing a document analysis approach, the study examines the official MPU guidelines issued by the Ministry of Higher Education as well as existing scholarly literature on identity development in higher education. The findings suggest that MPU courses have the potential to produce holistic graduates who possess a strong identity rooted in their religion, cultural heritage, moral values, and Malaysian national identity. Furthermore, these courses play a significant role in supporting the National Education Philosophy, which aspires to nurture balanced individuals across physical, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual dimensions (JERI). By embedding both universal and local values, MPU courses offer students an opportunity to develop a more integrated worldview that aligns with national priorities and global competencies. Therefore, the continuation and enhancement of MPU courses remain essential in ensuring that HEIs not only produce technically skilled graduates but also individuals with strong character, civic responsibility, and a sense of national belonging.
Nik Nurul Aswani Nik Kamarudin, Siti Nabilah Mohd Shaari, Suryani Abdul Raman
The financial landscape has been transformed by rapid advances in digital technologies and financial products, creating both opportunities and challenges for Generation Z (Gen Z), the first true digital natives. Despite their extensive exposure to financial platforms, research shows that many in this cohort possess only moderate financial literacy and often struggle with long-term financial planning. This conceptual paper reviews existing literature on Gen Z's financial literacy and behavioural finance to address three objectives: (1) assess the levels of financial literacy among Gen Z, (2) examine behavioural and psychological factors influencing their financial decision-making, and (3) identify gaps in current research to propose a conceptual framework. The findings underscore that knowledge alone is insufficient without considering behavioural drivers and digital influences that shape financial outcomes. By integrating financial literacy, behavioural finance, and digital contextual factors, this study contributes to a more holistic understanding of Gen Z's financial behaviour. It offers practical insights for designing education initiatives and policy interventions to strengthen youth financial well-being in the digital era.
Azlyn Ahmad Zawawi, Azyyati Anuar, Hafizah Hammad Ahmad Khan, Noorlailahusna Mohd Yusof
Generational differences in organizational behavior have become a widely debated topic in both scholarly and managerial contexts, with claims that varying values, attitudes, and workplace behaviors across cohorts significantly influence organizational outcomes. Despite the popularity of generational discourse, the empirical evidence remains fragmented and, at times, inconclusive, leading to persistent misconceptions and gaps in understanding. Addressing this problem, the present study aims to systematically map existing research on generational differences in organizational behavior, critically analyze prevailing trends, identify conceptual and methodological gaps, and propose future directions for inquiry. Using Scopus AI analytics, the study employed an integrative AI-assisted research landscape approach guided by a targeted search string encompassing constructs of generational identity, organizational behavior, motivation, communication, and leadership. The analysis drew on Scopus AI’s features, including summary and expanded summary, concept mapping, identification of topic experts, and detection of emerging themes. Findings reveal that while generational cohorts exhibit some differences in work values, job satisfaction, commitment, creativity, and turnover intentions, fundamental motivations remain relatively consistent across age groups. Moreover, gaps persist in the overreliance on Western contexts, underrepresentation of older workers and Generation Z, and limited longitudinal or mixed-methods designs. The study highlights the importance of integrating lifespan development and social constructionist perspectives to enrich the theoretical framing of generational research. Practically, the results suggest that organizations should avoid stereotyping based on generational labels and instead foster inclusive, flexible strategies that accommodate individual and cultural diversity. Overall, the study advances a nuanced understanding of generational dynamics in organizational behavior and charts pathways for future research.
Ashran Idris, Emily Felicia Anak Louis, Gurprit Singh Sarjit Singh, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Noor Shahidatul Mohd Daud, Syazwani Husna Zulkifli
This article examines the evolving status of gig workers within Malaysia’s legal and industrial relations framework, critically assessing the inadequacy of current laws to meet the principles of industrial justice and international labour standards. The rapid expansion of digital platforms has led to the emergence of non-traditional work contracts that offer flexibility but lack fundamental protections typically afforded to formal employees. While schemes such as the Self Employment Social Security Scheme and voluntary contributions under i-Saraan exist, their non-mandatory nature limits coverage and fail to address broader concerns of social protection, job security and collective bargaining. The article explores how lifestyle philosophies such as minimalism and maximalism intersect with gig work preferences, while also foregrounding the psychological and emotional toll of precarious labour. Through doctrinal legal analysis and comparative study with jurisdictions such as the United States and Spain, the study identifies significant gaps in legal recognition and institutional safeguards. The findings underscore the structural vulnerabilities of gig workers, highlighting algorithmic control, absence of due process and exclusion from union representation as key deficits. The article concludes that a comprehensive reform of Malaysia’s labour laws is necessary to introduce a distinct legal category for gig workers, ensure mandatory contributions to social protection schemes and extend workplace rights that align with international benchmarks. This reform must also include emotional well-being provisions to create a more resilient and inclusive future for gig work.
Mohamad Hafiz Khairuddin, Nur Aryuni Allysha Binti Hasnan, Nurazian Binti Mior Dahalan, Zamlina Binti Abdullah, zlin Binti Dahlan
Gold is the most popular investment in the world because it has proven to be the most effective haven in many countries. It is challenging to use technical analysis to predict gold's value. Many prediction problems involving time components require time series forecasting, an important topic in machine learning. This paperpresents a prototype for predicting the gold price in Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, using the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) time-series method. To address the problem, a dataset of daily gold prices was collected from Telegram Kedai Emas Nur Jannah and the Bullion Rates website. The main feature of the system is to predict the gold price and to visualise the predicted value. The waterfall method has been chosen as the project's methodology to ensure the project’s flow is correct. The predictive model was also evaluated using Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). As a result, the system achieved an MAE of 0.108 at the daily time scale. The RMSE was 0.131 at the daily time scale, and the MAPE was 17%. The system can also improve the visualisation to make it more interactive and include another timescale, such as a daily timeframe.
Jasni Sulong, Samihah Hanim Mohamad
The persistent issue of Shariah non-compliance (SNC) remains a major governance challenge within Islamic financial institutions (IFIs), threatening both institutional credibility and stakeholder confidence. Despite the establishment of Shariah governance frameworks across multiple jurisdictions, recurring governance gaps, particularly in regulatory enforcement, internal audit integration, and risk management continue to undermine compliance effectiveness. This study aims to critically review the institutional practices and regulatory responses addressing Shariah non-compliance while identifying emerging directions in Shariah governance research. Using Scopus AI (as of 4 October 2025), the study adopts a systematic critical review approach that integrates summary and expanded summary analyses, concept mapping, expert validation, and theme identification. The findings reveal four major thematic trends: (i) the consistent emphasis on Shariah governance mechanisms as the backbone of compliance, (ii) the rising interest in the relationship between Shariah compliance and financial performance, (iii) the consistent integration of digital transformation in governance, and (iv) the novel emergence of Zakat governance and compliance as an area of institutional focus. The review highlights that while regulatory frameworks are evolving, inconsistencies in implementation and lack of standardized oversight remain key obstacles. Theoretically, the study reinforces the role of Shariah governance as an ethical institutional model that integrates compliance, accountability, and performance. Practically, it calls for harmonized regulatory frameworks, enhanced digital compliance systems, and institutional capacity building to strengthen Shariah integrity. The study concludes with recommendations for future research to explore digital Shariah governance, cross-country regulatory harmonization, and the social finance dimensions of compliance.
Ileka Chukwuebuka Paul, Obinwune Chinenye Assumpta, Prof A.N Onuorah
This study investigated the effect of green building practices on innovative business development in South-East Nigeria. The study was driven by the growing need for sustainable construction methods that minimize environmental degradation while fostering innovation and economic growth. Specifically, the research examined the influence of six green building practices energy efficiency, water conservation, sustainable material usage, waste diversification, indoor environmental quality, and site sustainability on innovativeness among businesses in the region. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and data were collected from a population of 2,000 builders and construction professionals, with a sample size of 341 respondents selected using multistage sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, particularly multiple regression analysis, with the aid of SPSS version 2023. The findings revealed that all six green building practices had significant positive effects on innovativeness. Energy efficiency had a beta of 0.312, t = 6.276, p = 0.000; water conservation practice recorded the strongest influence with β = 0.369, t = 7.501, p = 0.000; sustainable material usage had β = 0.241, t = 5.023, p = 0.000; waste diversification showed β = 0.196, t = 3.755, p = 0.000; indoor environmental quality had β = 0.107, t = 2.212, p = 0.028; and site sustainability practice exhibited β = 0.266, t = 5.105, p = 0.000. The overall regression model was statistically significant (F = 53.323, p < 0.05) with an R² value of 0.326, indicating that 32.6% of the variation in innovativeness was explained by these variables. The study concluded that adopting integrated green building practices significantly enhances organizational innovation and sustainable business development in South-East Nigeria.
Cynthia Arah, Ellen Louise Olu Fagbemi
As sustainability becomes a key concern in the global hospitality industry, hotels are increasingly adopting eco-friendly measures. This study investigates the relationship between green hospitality practices and customer satisfaction in hotels within the Upper West Region of Ghana. This study employed a quantitative research approach. The target population for this study consisted of hotel guests and staff members from hotels located in the Upper West Region of Ghana. Simple random and convenience sampling techniques were used to select hotel staff and guests, respectively. Structured questionnaires to collect data from 109 hotel customers and 70 staff members. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were conducted to assess the relationship between green practices and customer satisfaction. Findings indicated that hotels in the Upper West Region are gradually embracing environmentally sustainable practices, particularly those that are practical, affordable, and immediately beneficial. The study revealed that customers have strongly positive perceptions and behavioural intentions toward green hotels. The study found a positive and statistically significant relationship between green practices and customer satisfaction (t = 2.059, p = 0.042 < 0.05). The study recommended that hotel managers should institutionalise clear sustainability policies that prioritise energy efficiency, waste reduction, and water conservation. Regular audits should be conducted to ensure compliance with green standards.
Chen Ying, Mary O’ Penetrante
Universities play a vital role in advancing sustainability by integrating environmental responsibility into teaching, research, operations, and community engagement. This study examined stakeholders’ insights on the implementation and effectiveness of green campus initiatives in a private higher education institution in China. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were gathered from 210 faculty members, administrative staff, and students to assess the extent of implementation, awareness, and satisfaction with sustainability practices. Results revealed that while operational initiatives—such as waste management, energy conservation, and environmental education—were highly implemented, governance and policy frameworks remained moderately developed, with limited accountability mechanisms and stakeholder participation. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between awareness and satisfaction (r = 0.64, p < 0.01), yet causality cannot be inferred due to the study’s cross-sectional design. Subgroup analysis indicated slight variations in perceptions across gender and stakeholder roles, suggesting differentiated engagement levels that can inform targeted interventions. The study underscores the need for stronger institutional accountability, inclusive governance, and the integration of living-lab and student-led sustainability programs to embed environmental stewardship within campus culture. Future research is encouraged to adopt longitudinal or mixed-method approaches to measure behavioral and institutional impacts of green campus initiatives.
Chen Ying, Mary O’ Penetrante
Universities play a vital role in advancing sustainability by integrating environmental responsibility into teaching, research, operations, and community engagement. This study examined stakeholders’ insights on the implementation and effectiveness of green campus initiatives in a private higher education institution in China. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were gathered from 210 faculty members, administrative staff, and students to assess the extent of implementation, awareness, and satisfaction with sustainability practices. Results revealed that while operational initiatives—such as waste management, energy conservation, and environmental education—were highly implemented, governance and policy frameworks remained moderately developed, with limited accountability mechanisms and stakeholder participation. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between awareness and satisfaction (r = 0.64, p < 0.01), yet causality cannot be inferred due to the study’s cross-sectional design. Subgroup analysis indicated slight variations in perceptions across gender and stakeholder roles, suggesting differentiated engagement levels that can inform targeted interventions. The study underscores the need for stronger institutional accountability, inclusive governance, and the integration of living-lab and student-led sustainability programs to embed environmental stewardship within campus culture. Future research is encouraged to adopt longitudinal or mixed-method approaches to measure behavioral and institutional impacts of green campus initiatives.
Arkee T. Mimbala, Beverly S. Batisanan, Cael Adam A. Manaloto, Joel, Jr. E. Elanga, Khristal Nelly A. Ventura, Leo Anthony Daprinal, Marc Ryan B. Rubo, Roselyn B. Lovitos
Software development projects at South East Asian Institute of Technology, Inc. (SEAIT), often require students to adopt roles following the Hacker–Hustler–Hipster framework. While roles are assigned to balance responsibilities, disparities in workload and expectations can still cause stress, impacting both team dynamics and individual performance. Students may experience varying levels of mental, emotional, physical, and social strain. Despite the inevitability of burdens and overload in collaborative teams, limited research has examined how each role specifically affects students’ stress levels, providing an incomplete overview of how role assignment impacts wellbeing. To close this gap, the current study evaluated how 241 third-year IT students at SEAIT perceived their stress levels. Subsequent to a role pre-test, respondents were administered a survey using a 4-point Likert scale to assess strain across four dimensions. The results showed that the demands of coding and problem-solving caused the greatest strain for Hackers (x̄ = 2.74, High Strain), who were followed by Hipsters (x̄ = 2.59, High Strain) from tasks involving documentation and design. Coordination tasks appeared less taxing, as Hustlers reported the lowest strain (x̄ = 2.37, Minimal Strain). Regardless of role, projects can be stressful, as evidenced by the overall mean of 2.56 (High Strain). Statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed that there were no significant differences in emotional strain (F = 2.618, p = 0.07537), but there were in mental (F = 9.021, p = 0.00018), physical (F = 5.959, p = 0.00305), and social (F = 4.721, p = 0.00990) strains. These findings underscore the significance of role-specific strain, the importance of fair workload distribution, and the need of more robust student support systems in project-based learning environments.
Majd Omoush, Norazzie Md Zin, Nur Zharifah Che Adenan, Roshima Said
In today’s knowledge-driven economy, intangible assets have become key determinants of organizational competitiveness. However, the process by which potential value is transformed into sustainable intangible resources remains conceptually fragmented, particularly regarding the mediating role of acquisition adaptation. Limited theoretical and empirical attention to this construct has left firms uncertain about how to leverage acquisitions beyond financial consolidation to create enduring strategic value. This study aims to establish a robust theoretical foundation that explains how acquisition processes can be optimized to harness future economic benefits and promote intangible asset formation. Employing a narrative review methodology across both the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases, this study utilizes a structured search strategy and integrative thematic analysis to synthesize literature across management, accounting, and innovation disciplines.The findings reveal that intangible asset formation occurs as a multi-stage process encompassing the identification of potential economic benefits, the adaptive integration of acquired resources, and the systematic measurement and disclosure of resulting intangible capital. Acquisition adaptation emerges as a critical mediating mechanism that transforms abstract economic potential into tangible organizational value, as demonstrated by qualitative case studies across industries such as pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, consumer goods, and finance. These cases illustrate how knowledge transfer, cultural alignment, and digital integration practices enable firms to realize the future economic benefits envisioned at the acquisition stage. Theoretically, this study extends the resource-based view (RBV) by positioning acquisition adaptation at the core of intangible asset development, integrating insights from both Scopus and WoS to ensure comprehensive theoretical coverage. Practically, it provides managers with a cross-industry framework for evaluating acquisitions as strategic pathways for developing intellectual, human, and relational capital. The study concludes by recommending empirical validation through longitudinal case studies, encouraging future research to operationalize acquisition adaptation as a measurable construct for sustainable competitive advantage.
Ewomazino Daniel Akpor
This study examines the role of media campaigns in promoting agricultural innovations aimed at combating food insecurity in Etsako West Local Government Area, Nigeria. Food insecurity persists in the region due to low adoption of improved farming techniques, including the use of improved seedlings and the Nigerian Agricultural and Nutritional Surveillance (NANS) technology. Using a mixed-methods approach, data collected from local farmers revealed that 33.9% first heard about these innovations through social media, followed by extension workers (25.7%) and television (13.8%). The findings indicate that media campaigns significantly raise awareness and influence farmers’ attitudes, yet challenges such as limited access to inputs and inadequate extension worker training hinder widespread adoption. Focus group discussions further highlighted the popularity of WhatsApp and Facebook as key platforms for information dissemination and peer learning. The study emphasizes the need for more localized content in native languages, better training for extension agents, and enhanced government support to bridge the gap between awareness and practice. Recommendations include expanding media outreach via accessible channels and ensuring consistent follow-up to improve the uptake of agricultural innovations. This research contributes valuable insights toward harnessing media-driven agricultural extension to improve food security and sustainable farming in rural Nigerian communities.
Chrysanthus Dakogol
Most governments worldwide recognise that preserving cultural heritage is essential for sustainable development, as it is vital to human life. Cultural heritage appears in various forms, both tangible and intangible. This study focused on leveraging the material aspects of the Pan Chiefdom's cultural heritage to promote sustainable development in Plateau State. The literature indicates that Nigeria, particularly Plateau State, possesses a rich and diverse cultural heritage; however, challenges such as protection and conservation, as well as the lack of collaboration among public and stakeholder groups, have hindered sustainable heritage efforts. The research employed a qualitative approach, collecting primary data through semi-structured interviews in seven districts of the Pan Chiefdom, and analysed the data thematically. Findings indicated that the practice of Christianity and Islam influences the preservation of cultural traditions among current generations. Additionally, limited collaboration between traditional rulers and the government, along with the absence of a cultural museum, restricts sustainable heritage development in the area. It is therefore advised that the state government and traditional rulers in these districts launch awareness and advocacy campaigns highlighting the importance of safeguarding the Pan-cultural heritage. Such efforts can strengthen social cohesion, foster unity, and empower local communities by producing artefacts for display at Long Pan Palace's museum.
Kate Arku Korsah
This study examines the role of the health system, particularly nursing interventions, in enhancing male participation in family planning (FP) at Tema General Hospital (TGH), Ghana. Male engagement in Family Planning remains limited despite increased awareness and service availability. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 male community members and 10 Family Planning staff. Data was collected through structured questionnaires, interviews, and service records from 2015 to 2017. Results showed that while awareness levels were high (95%), only 21% of men had ever visited a Family Planning clinic. Nursing interventions such as health education, couple counseling, and prioritization of men during service delivery improved participation but were constrained by resource limitations, staff shortages, and cultural attitudes. The study underscores the importance of integrating male-focused strategies into Family Planning programs and strengthening nursing capacity for gender-inclusive reproductive health services.
Beng Huat See, Nadia Siddiqui, Stephen Gorard
This paper describes a use-of-evidence intervention implemented by eight primary schools in and around Durham County, in the North East of England. The researchers provided schools with a menu of evidence-based approaches to improve attainment, especially for disadvantaged pupils. Collectively, the schools chose Learning by Questions (LbQ) software to improve maths for Year 4, and Student Tutoring to improve English in Year 5. Half of the schools were randomised to each approach for each year group. Data collection, especially of the prior attainment scores, was affected by Covid lockdown. LbQ was the most feasible approach, with schools given help by the developers, and appreciated by teachers and pupils. But the approach showed little or no impact on test scores in the short term. The Tutoring intervention was more complex with local university students having to travel to schools in remote areas, fit in with timetables, and develop activities according to school priorities. The students also had other commitments. Nevertheless, there is evidence that the treatment group improved more than the control. Overall, the use-of-evidence intervention is promising based on this first pilot trial. The next step is to scale it up with a more varied set of options, a larger scale, and over a longer time period.
Huzefa Jivanjee
This paper explores homologous structures as a point of dialogue between evolutionary biology and Islamic thought. While evolution interprets these similarities as evidence of common ancestry, Islamic perspective views them as signs of Divine unity and wisdom. Drawing on the works of Darwin, Paley and Rasail Ikhwan al-Safa, the paper puts homology within the context of epistemological pluralism. It proposes that science and faith, when approached holistically, are not in conflict but rather offer harmonising insights into creation.
Stephen Gorard, Wenqing Chen
This paper looks at some of the key decisions to be faced in promoting the use of research evidence in policy and practice – the quality of the evidence to be used, and how that quality can be judged. Once the policy/school context has determined the issues to be faced, and before the professional judgement of policy-makers/teachers is used to help carry this out, evidence should presumably inform the decision on how to address those issues. However, there is a large amount of apparent research evidence on most topics, and much of that research is very weak. Who decides which evidence is appropriate to use, and how is that judgement made? This paper illustrates the issues with reference to examples drawn from what works summaries, using a generic approach to judging quality, and shows that deciding on the relative quality of research evidence is paramount in whether evidence use will be effective or not. The paper continues by considering the difficulties for users and others in judging the quality of research, but argues that this problem must be solved. The only real alternative would be for practitioners to have purported evidence-led approaches thrust upon them, while policy-makers would presumably continue to evade the imperative to use evidence appropriately themselves.
Arie Pratama, Kamaruzzaman Muhammad, Maslinawati Mohamad, Nur Hayati Ab Samad, Suria Majdi
This study investigates the Faculty of Accountancy’s human resource (HR) aspirations and integrated talent development initiatives in cultivating a culture of academic excellence, research productivity, and innovation. Guided by a conceptual framework that integrates the Ability–Motivation–Opportunity (AMO) model, Communities of Practice (CoP), Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA) cycle, and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the research explores how HR strategies, diversity, and recognition systems shape institutional outcomes. Five objectives drive the inquiry: to examine the FPN’s HR aspirations; evaluate initiatives such as Talent Clusters, Research Track, and Research Champion; assess recruitment, diversity, and qualifications; analyse monitoring and risk management systems; and explore the motivational role of recognition and innovation support. Adopting a qualitative case study design, data collected through semi-structured interviews with top management and senior academics, focus group discussions with junior academics, and content analysis of key performance indicators (KPIs) and progress records (2020–2023). Thematic analysis, complemented by document-based content analysis and triangulation to ensure credibility and trustworthiness. This research contributes to the literature by providing an empirically understanding of how integrated HR strategies and talent initiatives influence research, publication, and innovation outcomes within higher education institutions. Findings are expected to offer practical insights for policymakers and academic leaders in aligning recruitment, talent development, and recognition systems with institutional performance goals, while also strengthening a research driven organisational culture.
Karshima Louise Rangna'an, Nannim Dandam, Tarimin Nashop
Critical thinking is increasingly recognized as a vital skill for navigating the complexities of the 21st century. While the humanities—comprising disciplines such as literature, history, philosophy, and the arts—have long been associated with promoting critical thinking, the readiness of humanities teachers to effectively teach and cultivate this skill remains under explored. This study investigates the preparedness of humanities educators to foster critical thinking in their classrooms, exploring the pedagogical strategies they employ, the challenges they face, and the institutional support available to them. Using a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, semi-structured interviews, and classroom observations, the research assesses the level of critical thinking integration in humanities instruction across a sample of secondary and tertiary educators. Findings indicate that while many teachers recognize the importance of critical thinking, their preparedness is often limited by factors such as lack of professional training, rigid curricula, and the pressures of standardized assessments. Despite these challenges, the study identifies promising practices, including Socratic questioning and textual analysis, and highlights the potential for greater innovation in teaching critical thinking through interdisciplinary approaches and digital tools. The study concludes with recommendations for improving teacher training, curriculum design, and institutional support to enhance the teaching of critical thinking in the humanities. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on the future of education, emphasizing the need for a renewed focus on critical thinking as an essential competency in modern classrooms.
Mohd Azizi Ab Ghani, Mohd Baharim Mayidin, Mohd Zuhdi Ismail, Muhammad Luqman Ibnul Hakim Mohd Saad, Nik Ahmad Kamal Juhari Nik Hashim, Shahrizal Mahpol
This study examines how public discourse on social media in Malaysia functions as a mechanism for normalising hate speech against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) representation in mainstream media. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s Normalization Theory (1977), it explores how humour, religious moralisation, cultural identity, and political instrumentalisation collectively reinforce heteronormative norms and regulate non-conforming identities. Using a qualitative thematic content analysis approach, 455 public Facebook comments responding to MalaysiaKini’s post about LGBTQ visibility at the 25th Anugerah Juara Lagu (AJL) were examined. Findings reveal that 35.8% of the comments contained hate elements, with 49.7% reflecting normalisation processes. Four interconnected discursive mechanisms were identified: (1) humour and sarcasm, which disguise hostility as entertainment; (2) religious rhetoric, which legitimises exclusion through moral policing; (3) cultural and national identity framing, which positions LGBTQ identities as threats to Malay-Muslim traditions; and (4) political instrumentalisation, where LGBTQ issues are weaponised to delegitimise political opponents. These mechanisms often overlap, forming a discursive network that sustains social hierarchies by blending ridicule, moral judgment, patriotism, and political rhetoric. The findings indicate that hate speech in Malaysia’s digital spaces operates subtly, embedding prejudice within everyday discourse under the guise of humour, religion, and nationalism. The study contributes to sociological understandings of how normalisation processes perpetuate exclusionary ideologies, offering insights into the interplay between media, culture, and power. It recommends culturally sensitive content moderation, inclusive digital literacy initiatives, and further research on counter-discourses across other social media platforms.
Ang Hong Loong, Edith Clerisa Marimo, Li Xinyue, Pang Yeng Yuan, Wang Kehui
The motivation of employees, and hygiene factors are very important aspects of organizations much more so in service types of organizations and those that deal with the care of animals. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory has also been adopted by many but there is not much in the way of a comprehensive synthesis of its utility across various types of work settings. This research applies the PRISMA process for conducting a review of global literature regarding hygiene and motivator factors in the realm of job satisfaction, attendance, and compliance with hygiene. Following PRISMA 2020, a systematic review was performed. The search in databases was conducted using the specific concepts of Herzberg’s theory, motivation and hygiene practices seeking for peer-reviewed research from 2010 to 2024. A total of 93 studies were initially identified, and after screening for relevance, 50 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. A synthesis of 50 reviewed studies showed moderate positive relationships, with average correlations of r = 0.42 for motivator factors and r = 0.36 for hygiene factors. These values reflect observed patterns across the literature, confirming that motivators more strongly influence satisfaction, while hygiene factors maintain stability. Thematic synthesis was employed to evaluate the impact of hygiene, motivator, and mixed factors on job satisfaction and performance of the studies reviewed. Evidence suggests that hygiene factors, like company policy and administration, supervision, and salary, are the key factors in preventing dissatisfaction, motivation factors, such as achievement, recognition, and responsibility, account for developing satisfaction and retaining employees. This PRISMA-guided review affirms the relevancy of Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory in service but emphasizes the nature of the service context. The combination of hygiene factors and motivators gives us a much steadier model for workforce motivation and retention, within the context of modern workplaces. Longitudinal and comparative studies are needed in the future to further test t hese interactions on different cultural and sectorial environments.
M. Khalid M. Nasir, N. Zuhayra A. Zohri, Nurul Khairani Ismail, W. Nursyuhada W. M. Nazri
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on children’s learning processes, simultaneously transforming the traditional role of parents into that of learning facilitators at home. This qualitative study aims to explore the strategies parents in Malaysia use to manage and motivate their children in the post-pandemic context. In-depth interviews were conducted with six parents to examine the challenges faced during home-based teaching and learning (PdPR), post-pandemic learning management strategies, and approaches adopted to enhance children’s motivation. Thematic analysis revealed that parents encountered various challenges, including technological constraints, limited access to devices, internet connectivity issues, children's gadget addiction, and the responsibility of monitoring daily learning activities. Identified recovery strategies included restructuring daily routines, reviewing schoolwork, supervising supplementary classes, and providing both emotional and material support. The findings highlight the pivotal and dynamic role of parents in maintaining children’s academic engagement, as well as the need for sustained support to help families adapt to the realities of post-pandemic education.
Aimi Nabila Anizaim
This paper is conceptual in nature. It does not aim to present empirical findings, but rather to construct a theoretical and contextual foundation for understanding immersive animation practices in Malaysia. Immersive animation represents a convergence of technology, narrative, and sensory engagement that transforms the way we tell stories. Drawing upon existing literature, global frameworks on immersion and presence, and selected immersive events in Malaysia from 2020 to 2025, the paper seeks to articulate how immersive animation can be understood as an emergent field at the intersection of animation aesthetics, technological mediation, and cultural storytelling. Besides, this paper will contribute to the understanding of how immersive media serve as a bridge between traditional Malaysian narratives and contemporary creative practices. This paper will provide a foundation for future research, practice-based exploration, and policy development in the growing field of immersive media for cultural experiences.
Ahmad Hafizin Azman Hashim, Diana Rose Faizal, Nur Erma Suryani Mohd Jamel
This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the education sector, with a focus on their influence on students’ learning outcomes and skill development in Malaysia. While AI offers potential benefits such as personalized learning, real-time feedback, and adaptive learning environments, its adoption remains limited due to a lack of awareness and understanding among educators and students. Using quantitative methods such as questionnaires, this research explores the factors motivating users in Malacca to utilize AI tools for educational purposes, examining aspects including technological adoption, access to AI systems, perceived utility, and ease of use. The findings are expected to address current gaps in public knowledge, highlight reasons for adopting AI in education, and evaluate its advantages, including advancing educational technology, expanding access to high-quality education through personalized learning, and enhancing outcomes and skill development via adaptive systems and real-time analytics. The study also acknowledges its limitation in focusing exclusively on Malaysia and suggests that similar studies in other countries could provide a more comprehensive understanding of AI’s global potential in education, thereby emphasizing the importance of closing the knowledge gap and recognizing the transformative role of AI in advancing education.
Emmanuel Wennie, Liu Zhenxin
Africa significantly contributes to global carbonaceous aerosol emissions, driven predominantly by biomass burning (70% in sub-Saharan Africa) and rising anthropogenic activities. These emissions disrupt atmospheric energy balances, reduce surface solar radiation, and intensify regional climate variability. This study synthesizes observational data to quantify impacts on the solar radiation budget, identify emission drivers, and propose mitigation strategies. Results show that aerosol-driven radiative forcing decreases surface solar radiation by approximately 15–25% in emission hotspots during dry seasons. Key drivers include seasonal biomass burning, urban pollution, and unsustainable agriculture. Proposed mitigation pathways include transitioning to clean energy, adopting non-burn farming practices, enforcing air quality regulations, and enhancing integrated monitoring systems. These strategies are critical to strengthening Africa’s climate resilience and maintaining the global energy balance.
Chidi Nwafor, John O. Aiyedogbon, Taiwo Disu
This paper examined the impact of climate financing on industrial sector growth in selected Sub-Saharan African countries, focusing specifically on how different components of climate finance, namely Climate Equity Investment Funds, Climate Loans (Debt), and Climate Bilateral and Multilateral Grants/Aid, influenced industrial sector growth between 2009 and 2024. The study adopted a longitudinal research design and utilized secondary panel data across five Sub-Saharan African countries, South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Senegal. The fixed effects regression model was employed following the result of the Hausman test, which confirmed the existence of correlation between country-specific effects and explanatory variables. Findings revealed that Climate Loans and Climate Grants had a statistically significant and positive impact on industrial sector growth, indicating their effectiveness in supporting infrastructure development, technological upgrades, and capacity-building. In contrast, Climate Equity Investment Funds had a negative and statistically insignificant impact, suggesting that equity flows remained too volatile or inadequate to support sustained industrial transformation. Based on these outcomes, the study recommended that national governments collaborate with institutions such as the African Development Bank, Green Climate Fund, and national development banks to expand concessional loan access and scale up blended equity financing. Additionally, ministries of environment and industry should work with United Nations Industrial Development Organization and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa to attract and effectively manage climate grants. Strengthening institutional capacity and aligning climate finance strategies with industrial policy objectives were also recommended to ensure the long-term sustainability of industrial growth in the region.
Adenuga, Babatunde Adeyemi, Dr. Adegunle, Felix Omotayo, Dr. Dawodu, Rasheed Adegbenro, Dr. Ogunbote Shefiu
The integration of emerging technologies is transforming technical education by redefining how students acquire knowledge and practical skills. In today’s innovation-driven world, tools such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics, and gamified learning platforms offer creative approaches to improve teaching, learning, and employability. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of integration of emerging technologies into the technical education curriculum at the South West University of Education in Nigeria and to examine their influence on students’ learning outcomes in terms of academic performance and skill acquisition. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and a validated 30-item questionnaire was administered to 116 participants (85 students and 31 lecturers) across Lagos, Ogun, and Ekiti States. The instrument yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.80, confirming strong internal consistency. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that, although integration remains limited, the use of emerging technologies has a positive influence on students’ academic performance, practical competence, and motivation. The study concludes that integrating digital tools into technical education enhances learning effectiveness and skill readiness. It recommends curriculum reform, continuous teacher training, and stronger industry partnerships to maximize the benefits of technological innovation.
Aristides Neves Lemba, Francisco de Assis, José Mário João, Moniz Efraim Bernardo Tunga
This study aimed to analyze the impact of logistics and transportation infrastructure on Angola's economic growth from 2020 to 2024, identifying the main challenges and opportunities for the sector's sustainable development and its contribution to the country's economic diversification. To achieve these objectives, we used a qualitative and quantitative method, supported by documentary, descriptive, and exploratory techniques. This allowed us to collect data through a questionnaire projected on a digital platform (Google Form), addressed in person and via a link to economic agents from various parts of the country, with a particular emphasis on Luanda, Benguela, Cabinda, Namibe, and Zaire. The questionnaire was completed entirely digitally, and the results were obtained in real time. Furthermore, we conducted interviews with some public policymakers related to the sector, via WhatsApp and in person, which allowed us to reach a wide range of stakeholders and obtain real information about the study, enabling us to determine whether or not logistics and transport infrastructures had a significant impact on Angola's economic growth during the period under analysis. To this end, the data were analyzed using tools (Excel, Power BI, LiveGap Charts) and statistical software (SPSS) to best determine the research results, ensuring the security, accuracy, and reliability of the data obtained. It is important to emphasize that the development of logistics and transport infrastructures in Angola between 2020 and 2024 is a fact and can be said to have played a fundamental role in the country's economic growth. Strategic projects, such as the modernization of the Lobito Corridor, the expansion of the Port of Luanda, and the improvement of the road and rail network, helped reduce logistics costs, which boosted trade and strengthened regional integration.
Eleanor Nayden
Despite the critical role of H-1B visas in fostering innovation and economic growth in the United States (US), little is known about the relationship between political alignment with the US and H-1B visa approvals. We explore countries’ voting alignment in the United Nations (UN) and H-1B visa outcomes. We identify a significant relationship between political alignment and visa access. Countries can assess how geopolitics affects talent mobility, while US policymakers can evaluate whether immigration decisions reflect strategic economic priorities. We offer new insights into the intersection of geopolitical diplomacy and economic migration for more transparent, equitable, and growth-oriented policy. Our findings suggest that although the H-1B visa system is utilized to meet labor demands, it is also a diplomatic instrument. The most notable results are seen in the Middle East Region. As voting alignment with the US becomes increasingly positive, the region receives more visas, suggesting a correlation between voting alignment and visa approvals.
Ahmed Ashoor Ali Yusuf, Nor Hidayati Binti Zakaria
This scoping review examines the impact of Total Quality Management (TQM) implementation on organizational performance in Bahraini private sector firms. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a search of electronic databases (including Business Source Complete, Scopus, and Web of Science) and grey literature (e.g., industry reports, government documents) was conducted from January 2000 to December 2024 using keywords related to “TQM,” “performance,” and “Bahrain.” Thirty-seven sources, primarily quantitative studies in the manufacturing and service sectors, met the inclusion criteria. Results revealed that 76% of the studies included reported a positive correlation between TQM and both financial and operational performance. Customer focus, leadership commitment, and employee involvement were the most frequently implemented TQM dimensions. Organizational culture emerged as a key moderating factor. Key research gaps include the underrepresentation of SMEs and emerging sectors such as information technology and logistics, a limited focus on non-financial performance outcomes like innovation and sustainability, and a lack of longitudinal studies exploring long-term impacts. These findings highlight avenues for future research, including the use of mixed methods approaches and comparative studies across GCC countries. Organizations can leverage these results to inform TQM implementation strategies tailored to the Bahraini context. Policymakers can develop targeted support mechanisms to enhance SME quality management capabilities. Industry bodies can promote more comprehensive approaches to organizational excellence by incorporating broader performance dimensions into quality award and recognition programs.
Ezeh Kingsley Ikechukwu, Leleh Rita Ndidi, Prof. C. C. Orga
Organizational life usually involves workplace conflict, which, in many cases, is caused by communication failures, role ambiguity, resource competition, and leadership issues. Conflicts and disagreements in the banking industry, where productivity, efficiency, and teamwork are crucial, cannot be tolerated without affecting the performance of operations by decreasing productivity, service delivery, and customer satisfaction. Enugu State deposit money banks are not an exception of these problems, as growing competitions, workload pressure, and employee-management conflict remain to have an impact on performance results. This study aimed at examining how workplace conflict affects the operational performance of the deposit money banks in Enugu State. Particularly, the study aimed at identifying the key causes of workplace conflict, analyzing its impact on productivity, service delivery, customer satisfaction, and profitability, and discussing the methods of effective conflict management. The research design was a quantitative one, and data was gathered using a structured questionnaire designed using Google Forms and sent to 200 employees of the selected banks. To capture the perceptions of the respondents, the data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, which included mean, standard deviation, and the rate of agreement. The results showed that the most notable causes of conflict are poor communication, role ambiguity, workload pressure, and inequitable reward systems. It was observed that workplace conflict adversely affected productivity, teamwork, and service delivery and conflict-management measures including training, open communication, and clear appraisal systems were highly recommended. This paper concludes that conflict is unavoidable but can be used as a growth opportunity through proactive management, hence increasing organizational efficiency, and sustainability.
Bassey, M.C, Icha, P. I, Mbono V. I, Nwachukwu, K.E., Sampson, G. S, Thompson, D. N, Udoma, E. P, Uka E. E, Usoh, N. I
Bilingual sign language has emerged as a critical tool for the linguistic, cognitive, and educational development of learners with hearing impairment, offering a pathway to equity and inclusion in diverse societies. This paper examines the imperatives of bilingual sign language in Nigeria, emphasizing its role in promoting language development, literacy outcomes, social integration, and communication competence among deaf learners. Anchored on Cummins’ Linguistic Interdependence Hypothesis, the paper highlights how a strong foundation in Nigerian Sign Language (NSL) can transfer to mastery of written English, thereby enabling academic progression and lifelong learning. While significant challenges persist including the lack of formal recognition of NSL, inadequate teacher training, insufficient learning resources, negative societal attitudes, and limited funding emerging opportunities and policy windows provide grounds for optimism. These include global disability rights frameworks, rising advocacy movements, the growth of digital learning tools, reforms in teacher education, and momentum toward inclusive education policies. The paper argues that the institutionalization of bilingual sign language in Nigerian schools is both a linguistic right and a developmental necessity. It concludes that by fostering cognitive growth, literacy advancement, social inclusion, and communicative competence; bilingual sign language can bridge the gap between deaf learners and their hearing peers, positioning them for meaningful participation in national development. The paper recommended amongst others that Non-Governmental Organizations should strengthen partnerships with organizations like the Nigerian National Association of the Deaf (NNAD) to combat stigma and promote societal acceptance of bilingual sign language as a tool for inclusion.
Joann D. Dasok, Leonemay A. Compayan, Lorra Alona B. Sambayon
Boarding houses serve as a second home for many students offering not just a place to stay but also a sense of comfort, community, and belonging, making the safety and well-being of residents a pressing concern. This study aimed to assess the implementation of boarding house rules and regulations in Barangay Maloro and Silanga, Tangub City, with a focus on facilities, fire safety, sanitation, and maintenance. A total of 259 respondents participated in the quantitative survey, while seven boarders were interviewed for qualitative insights. The findings indicated that, overall, respondents were satisfied with the boarding houses' basic facilities such as comfort rooms, lighting, and waste management. However, concerns arose regarding the inconsistent supply of potable water, inadequate fire safety measures, and insufficient maintenance of electrical and fire safety equipment. The study concludes that while the boarding houses largely meet the required standards, improvements are necessary in specific areas- particularly water supply, fire safety responsiveness, and water safety to better ensure the well-being of the residents. Based on these findings, it is recommended that boarding house owners implement a consistent water supply, improve fire safety inspections, and provide better electrical fault management to enhance overall living conditions for student boarders.
Omoregie, Edoghogho
This study examines the implications of women and youth participation for political development in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. Despite Nigeria’s democratic progress since 1999, women and youths remain significantly underrepresented in political offices due to systemic barriers such as patriarchal norms, political party gate keeping, and limited access to resources. Using a qualitative approach that analyzes secondary data, the study applies Liberal Feminist Theory and Participatory Democracy Theory to explore how increased inclusion of these groups can enhance democratic governance. Findings reveal that while women and youths face substantial challenges, their active participation contributes to more inclusive policy-making and democratic deepening. However, political parties often marginalize these groups, and existing policies like the National Gender Policy have limited impact due to weak enforcement. To foster political development, the study recommends enforcing gender and youth quotas, implementing capacity building programs, reforming political party practices to be more inclusive, and promoting public awareness campaigns to challenge cultural stereotypes. Strengthening legal and institutional frameworks to protect political rights of women and youths is also essential. The study concludes that sustainable political development in Nigeria hinges on creating an enabling environment that empowers women and youths to participate fully and effectively in the political process.
Marten Memet, Putu Sudira
Vocational education plays a crucial role in preparing students not only for employment but also for entrepreneurship. However, many vocational graduates, especially in remote areas like Merauke, lack entrepreneurial motivation and character, limiting their potential to become job creators. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Project-Based Digital Learning (PBDL) in enhancing entrepreneurial motivation and character among vocational students. A quasi-experimental approach with a non-equivalent control group design was applied, involving 74 students from three vocational high schools in Merauke. The research was conducted over three months, using pretest-posttest instruments including entrepreneurial motivation questionnaires, entrepreneurial character observation sheets, and PBDL implementation observation forms. Data were analyzed using paired sample t-tests and independent sample t-tests. The results showed that students in the experimental group experienced significantly higher improvements in both entrepreneurial motivation and character compared to the control group. These findings suggest that PBDL fosters active, contextual, and digitally enriched learning environments that enhance autonomy, leadership, innovation, and resilience. The study concludes that PBDL is a promising pedagogical model for entrepreneurship education, particularly in underdeveloped regions. It recommends that vocational schools adopt PBDL to strengthen entrepreneurial competencies and calls for future longitudinal and multi-regional studies to validate and expand the findings theoretically and practically.
Obed Rashdi Syed, Umar Pervaiz
XYZ Sdn Bhd, a telecommunications subcontractor in Malaysia, faces challenges such as limited technical expertise and resource constraints in transitioning from 4G to 5G technology. While this shift presents opportunities for innovation, it is hindered by insufficient 5G skills and organizational readiness. Addressing these gaps is essential to enhance technical competencies and sustain competitiveness in a rapidly evolving sector. Despite the critical importance of the 5G transition in Malaysia, limited research focuses on subcontractor firms and their specific skill enhancement strategies. This study aims to identify the organization’s learning needs, enhance employee competencies in 5G technology, and cultivate a culture of continuous learning and knowledge sharing. It differentiates the theoretical roles of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Learning Organization (LO) Theory, and Action Research (AR). TAM explains how employees perceive and adopt 5G tools; LO fosters organizational mechanisms for continuous learning and knowledge retention; and AR provides a structured, iterative framework to diagnose, implement, and evaluate training interventions before and after implementation.
Antonieta S. Palasan, Ph.D.
This quasi-experimental study investigated the effectiveness of the Four-Pronged Approach’s components Grammar and Oral Language Development (GOLD) and Transfer Stage (TS) in improving reading outcomes among Grade 5 pupils. Fifth graders were divided into an experimental group, which received instruction emphasizing GOLD and TS through grammar, oral language, and phonemic awareness activities, and a control group, which continued with regular instruction. Pre- and post-tests assessed grammar/oral proficiency and reading transfer skills over 78 instructional sessions across three months. Results showed that the experimental group had statistically significant gains in TS (p < .01), indicating enhanced ability to apply decoding, phonemic awareness, and reading skills across contexts. Gains in GOLD were positive but did not reach statistical significance, likely due to higher baseline performance. Comparison with earlier studies (e.g., Baog et al., 2023; Cullamar & Maghuyop, 2024; Gibbs et al., 2024) suggests that targeted phonemic and oral language interventions produce reliable improvements in vocabulary, listening comprehension, decoding, and oral expression among learners at risk. Implications include integrating GOLD and TS-focused activities into daily instruction and prioritizing early, scaffolded exposure to phonemic awareness for robust reading transfer.
Putu Sudira, Simon Sirene Sau
This study investigates the effectiveness of Project-Based Digital Learning (PBDL) in improving vocational students’ collaboration and communication skills in the processing of plantation and herbal commodities. The research was motivated by the persistent lack of student interaction and the dominance of conventional teacher-centered instruction in vocational education, which hinders the development of 21st-century skills. Employing a quasi-experimental approach with a nonequivalent control group design, the study involved 108 students and 4 teachers from four vocational high schools offering Agribusiness of Agricultural Product Processing programs. Data were collected through pretest and posttest questionnaires measuring collaboration and communication skills, alongside observation sheets to monitor PBDL implementation. Statistical analysis using paired and independent sample t-tests revealed that students in the experimental group who received the PBDL treatment showed significantly greater improvement in both skills compared to those in the control group. The results support the hypotheses that PBDL is effective in enhancing interpersonal competencies, as it facilitates contextual, collaborative, and technology-enhanced learning experiences. The study concludes that integrating PBDL into vocational education is a strategic step toward preparing students for modern agro-industrial challenges. Practically, educators are encouraged to adopt PBDL with adequate digital infrastructure and teacher training, while theoretically, the findings contribute to the growing body of literature on constructivist and digitally mediated learning in vocational contexts.
Abel G. Akpokorie, Peter C. Egbon
The study investigated the impact of industrial policies on manufacturing sector output growth rate in selected West African Countries. Data spanning 2000 to 2023 were collected on the manufacturing sector output growth rate (MOG), exchange rate (EXCHR), domestic credit to the private sector (DCPS), trade openness (TOP), and foreign direct investment (FDI). The fully modified ordinary least squares (MOLS) estimation technique was used in the model estimation. The findings revealed that the exchange rate had a positive and significant impact on the manufacturing sector's output growth rate. The finding implies that an effective exchange rate policy would have a positive and significant effect on manufacturing sector output growth in the selected West African Countries. Domestic credit to the private sector had a negative and significant effect on the manufacturing sector's output growth rate in the selected African countries. implying that effective credit to private sector has the potential of enhancing the manufacturing sector's output growth rate. Trade policy (TOP) had a negative and insignificant effect on manufacturing sector's output growth rate. The study revealed that industrial policy (exchange rate policy, credit policy, and trade policy) impacted manufacturing sector output growth differently in selected West African countries. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the governments of the selected West African countries should strengthen industrial sector’s policies to promote the manufacturing sector's output growth rate.
Abel O. K., Aworemi J. R.
The maritime sector is a critical component of global trade and economic development, playing an indispensable role in facilitating the movement of goods and services across international borders. This study explores the influence of ICT adoption on operational inefficiencies in Apapa and Tin Can Island Ports, Lagos State, Nigeria. The study employed a survey research design with the use of structured questionnaires over the final quarter of 2024. According to the Nigerian Ports Authority (2022), Apapa and Tin Can Island collectively account for the majority of Nigeria’s cargo throughput, with an estimated workforce of 34,773 employees, from which a sample size of 396 respondents was selected using purposive and stratified sampling techniques. Inferential statistics of multiple regression analysis were applied to analyze the data. Findings from the regression analysis revealed that four out of six explanatory variables were statistically significant in explaining the variation of operational inefficiencies. These variables are automation of cargo handling systems (p < .000), electronic documentation (p < .002), real-time tracking of cargo (p < .001), and competence of ICT-skilled personnel (p < .000). The study concludes that ICT adoption substantially improves port operations by reducing inefficiencies. It was recommended that port authorities and the government continue investing in digital infrastructure, capacity building, and system integration to enhance competitiveness and service delivery.
Jacob Jeketule Soko, Rosemary Gakii Javan, Zipporah Muiruri
Backyard poultry farming remains an essential livelihood and food security strategy in Kenya’s urban and peri-urban settings. However, productivity is constrained by limited access to modern technologies, inadequate knowledge, and weak market linkages. This study investigated the influence of technology adaptation on backyard poultry production in Embakasi East Constituency, Nairobi County. Using a descriptive mixed-method design, data were collected from 90 poultry farmers selected through purposive and cluster sampling. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), while qualitative data were thematically analysed. Results revealed low levels of technology adoption, with respondents citing limited access to digital tools, inadequate training, and high costs of inputs. Farmers who had received basic technological training reported relatively higher productivity and improved disease control. The study concludes that access to relevant technology, training, and veterinary support significantly influences production efficiency in backyard poultry systems. It recommends integrated policy interventions, capacity building, and affordable innovations that are tailored to urban poultry farmers. Strengthening extension services and fostering digital inclusion could enhance both productivity and sustainability of backyard poultry farming in Kenya’s urban economy.
Cut Sri Firman Hastuti, Dewi Sartika, Hafizhah Risnafitri, Riantari Maharani, Rizka Maulidya
This study aims to determine the effect of information asymmetry and audit tenure on earnings management. Manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023 were selected as the population in this study, consisting of 30 companies, using purposive sampling, resulting in a sample of 16 companies. The data analysis method used in this study is multiple linear regression. The data sources are secondary data, and the data collection technique uses the documentation method. This study uses agency theory to explain information asymmetry and audit tenure on profit management. The results indicate that information asymmetry significantly influences profit management, while audit tenure does not influence profit management.
Mad Khir Johari Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Azrin Ismail, Noor Zaidi Sahid
This study investigated the information behaviour and use of library resources of Generation Z undergraduate students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Negeri Sembilan. In a world where digital technology is ubiquitous, academic libraries are struggling to remain relevant to Generation Z. The Generation Z students are using online resources and taking responsibility for their own learning. A questionnaire was administered to undergraduate students at UiTM Negeri Sembilan on their information needs, information seeking behaviour, information literacy skills and use of library resources. The results were subjected to quantitative analysis (Cronbach reliability, descriptive statistics, structural equation modelling). The study found that students had high information needs (mean, 3.85/4), high information seeking behaviour (mean, 3.64/5) and high information literacy skills (mean, 3.72/4). The results showed high reliability (Cronbach’s α > 0.78 for all constructs). The results of the structural equation modelling indicated that information literacy skills (β = 0.536, p < 0.001) were the strongest predictors to library use, with information need (β = 0.235, p < 0.001) next, while information-seeking behaviour (β = 0.117, p = 0.021) was the weakest. The study shows that high information needs does not lead to high library use. Actively and strategically seeking information behaviour is the predictor to library use. If library use is to be increased then libraries at UiTM must develop services which are digital, which provide specific training in information literacy and which supply library resources in formats which are consonant with student information behaviour patterns. The results of this study will serve as a base to allow libraries and educators a framework to improve access to and use of academic information via strategies which are user centred.
Aliffaizi Arsat, Damiati, Hashim Fadzil Ariffin, Mazarina Devi, Raja Puteri Saadiah Raja Abdullah
Customer Perceived Innovativeness (CPI) plays a vital role in how consumers evaluate, engage with, and advocate for restaurant brands. In the competitive Malaysian fast-food industry, understanding how customers perceive innovation can help operators strengthen brand loyalty and inspire evangelistic behaviors. This study investigates the influence of CPI dimensions—menu, technology-based service, experiential, and promotional innovativeness—on brand evangelism, with brand love serving as a mediating factor. Using a quantitative approach, data were gathered from 265 fast-food customers in the Klang Valley through structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses using SPSS and PROCESS macro revealed that menu and promotional innovativeness significantly influenced brand evangelism. Brand love partially mediated the relationship between CPI and brand evangelism. The findings emphasize that customers who perceive fast-food brands as innovative are more likely to develop emotional attachment and advocate for the brand. The study contributes practical insights for restaurant operators on how innovation in offerings, technology, experience, and marketing can build stronger customer relationships and drive voluntary brand promotion.
Dr. Kaziya Kadonsi
This research investigates the application of new methods of indigenizing mathematics education in Southern Province of Zambia, specifically the integration of indigenous knowledge systems in mathematics teaching. The research design is a sequential exploratory mixed methods design, where quantitative data was collected from 55 mathematics and teachers using structured questionnaires while qualitative data was collected from 15 teachers through semi structured interviews and focus group discussions. The results show that the use of examples and contexts from the local environment, traditional games, stories, local languages and problem-solving contexts increase the learning of mathematics. The quantitative analysis shows that the use of examples and contexts was rated as the most effective (Mean=4.10), followed by traditional games (Mean=3.90) and contextual problem-solving activities (Mean=3.80). ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD tests were conducted to determine the statistical significance of the differences in effectiveness among these approaches and the results supported the effectiveness of culturally sensitive pedagogical approaches. The qualitative data also supported these findings and showed that cultural relevance can improve students' interest and understanding of the content. The study has significant practical, theoretical and policy implications and the recommendations made will be useful to educators and policymakers in designing an effective and context specific mathematics education system in Zambia. This paper therefore emphasizes the need to consider the needs of professional development, curriculum, and resources to support the integration of indigenous knowledge in education sustainably.
Afifah Fadhlullah, Zuraidah Mohd Sulaiman
This study examines how the institutional legitimacy of the Bumiputera is demonstrated through transformational leadership discourse at the university level. Five official speeches delivered by the Vice-Chancellor of University Technology MARA (UiTM) during the 101st Convocation Ceremony in 2024 were analyzed to identify the most dominant lexical patterns. The analysis revealed five recurring key lexical items that reinforce the semantic categories of authority and institutional legitimacy, namely ilmu (knowledge), bangsa (nation), maruah (dignity), amanah (trust), and graduan (graduate). These lexical items illustrate how leadership discourse is constructed through three main linguistic strategies, through the use of active affixed verbs to portray progressive action, the selection of ethically charged lexical choices to convey moral integrity, and the development of national semantic fields to strengthen Bumiputera identity. Findings indicate that the lexical item ilmu functions as the foundation of the epistemic field that positions UiTM as an institution of academic authority. The term bangsa is predominantly used to reinforce UiTM’s national mission as a Bumiputera-owned university. The lexical item maruah emerges as a cultural value symbolizing the legitimacy of identity and national honor, whereas amanah emphasizes moral responsibility and trust within academic leadership. Finally, graduan functions as a symbolic representation of institutional success and proof of UiTM’s effectiveness in producing quality human capital. Overall, these five lexical items serve as the core of UiTM’s discourse of legitimacy as a Bumiputera institution, having been recognized across academic, moral, and social dimensions. This study contributes to the field of institutional discourse analysis by demonstrating how transformational leadership language functions as a tool for reinforcing identity and legitimacy within the context of higher education in Malaysia.
Aye-Agele, Freeman, Iorliam, Stephen A., Peverga, Kator, Udele, Isaiah Aondosoo
This study investigates the impact of insurgency on economic growth in Nigeria within the context of the country’s persistent insecurity challenges. Using time series data from 1999 to 2024 sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Global Terrorism Database, and Index Mundi, the study employed descriptive statistics, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen co-integration, and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to examine the short-run and long-run dynamics between insurgency, discomfort index, terrorism risk index, and real gross domestic product (RGDP). The findings reveal that insurgency exerts a positive but temporary effect on economic growth in the short-run, possibly due to increased emergency-related expenditures, but significantly undermines growth in the long-run. Similarly, the discomfort index exhibited a short-run positive effect but a long-run negative and significant influence on RGDP, reflecting the adverse role of socioeconomic stressors on growth. The terrorism risk index also demonstrated a statistically significant negative effect on economic growth both in the short-run and long-run, with a 1% change in TRI reducing RGDP by approximately 0.66%. These results confirm that insurgency and terrorism pose substantial constraints on Nigeria’s long-term economic development by discouraging investments, displacing populations, and weakening productive capacity. The study concludes that effective counter-insurgency measures, socioeconomic reforms to reduce unemployment and poverty, and community-based peace-building initiatives are critical to mitigating the adverse effects of insecurity on Nigeria’s economic growth.
Edwin K. Rotich, Peter Oloo Kisinyo, Peter Opala
Acidic soils cover significant portions of agricultural land in tropical regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where soil acidity limits crop productivity through multiple mechanisms, including aluminum toxicity, phosphorus fixation, and impaired nutrient cycling. In Western Kenya, where smallholder farmers predominantly grow sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as a staple crop, these soil constraints contribute to chronic yield gaps. While agricultural lime and mineral fertilizers are recognized solutions for soil acidity amelioration, their site-specific interactions and comprehensive effects on both soil health and crop performance remain insufficiently documented. This study evaluated the effects of liming and nutrient microdosing on soil chemical properties and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) productivity in the acidic soils of Western Kenya, using factorial field trials conducted in Kakamega and Siaya counties. Treatments combined two lime levels (0 and 4 t ha⁻¹) with varying nitrogen (0, 18.8, 37.5, and 75 kg N ha⁻¹) and phosphorus (0, 6.5, 13, and 26 kg P ha⁻¹) rates. Application of 4 t ha⁻¹ lime significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved soil chemical properties, increasing soil pH by 20–27%, reducing exchangeable aluminum by 56–89%, enhancing available phosphorus by up to 57%, and increasing total nitrogen by 8–17%. Additionally, soil organic carbon was significantly elevated (p < 0.001), with the greatest improvement (39%) observed in Siaya. Microdosing at 37.5 kg N and 13 kg P ha⁻¹ (N37.5P13) produced the highest sorghum biomass and grain yield responses, with biomass yield increasing by 62–69% and grain yield significantly enhanced at Kakamega (p < 0.001). Grain yield over the control rose by 73%, while agronomic efficiency peaked at 24.1 kg grain kg⁻¹ nutrient at Siaya. Nutrient uptake also improved under liming and optimal fertilization, with stover nitrogen uptake increasing by 55% at Kakamega and grain phosphorus uptake rising by 44% at Siaya Site 2 (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that integrating site-specific liming with nutrient microdosing can substantially improve soil fertility and sorghum productivity in acid-degraded soils of Western Kenya.
Celine Hew Boon Ling, Eugene How, Nur Zareen Zulkarnain, Soon Boon Ming, Soong Jien Yoong
Hornbills are unique birds inhabiting Southeast Asian tropical rainforests, such as in Malaysia, where they have an important role in maintaining forest biodiversity while acting as forest regulators and seed dispersers. Their numbers have, however, plummeted because of deforestation, habitat destruction, illegal poaching and hunting, among others. Field identification and field observation of species by experts is time-consuming and restricted because they cannot quantitatively estimate hornbill populations. The growing domain of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offers new possibilities for more advanced wildlife tracking and conservation awareness through automation and smart data management. The article explains the design and implementation of a rule-based expert system with AI incorporation in environmental education on hornbill species and their conservation status. A rule-based system integrated with image classification is utilized to categorize ten widely spread species of hornbills in Malaysia and classify them under the respective International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List categories. A machine learning framework trained using hornbill images was incorporated into an easily accessible interface to ensure highest usability and accuracy. The evaluation confirmed that the system generated consistent recognition results with confidence levels above 90% for all species. Apart from its technical contribution, the system serves as an interactive learning platform that bridges artificial intelligence with biodiversity conservation. The system enables users to observe the ways AI models recognize species while being exposed to ecological and conservation information. This integration of technology and environmental education engenders critical thinking, interdisciplinarity, and Malaysian wildlife awareness by the public. The study confirms that AI-driven expert systems are effective means of conservation learning and awareness for maintaining national and international sustainability goals through technology-facilitated learning.
To Thi Lien Ha*
This study investigates how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can enhance two mission-critical linguistic competencies in military English for Specific Purposes (ESP): (1) technical vocabulary accuracy and (2) spoken command performance under time-pressured operational conditions. A mixed-method case study was adopted to address the limited digital access and strict security requirements at the ADAFA in Vietnam. The quantitative component involved administering a 20-item questionnaire to 60 cadets, while qualitative insights were collected through semi-structured interviews with five ESP instructors. The instruments were adapted from validated AI-in-education scales and designed to capture four dimensions relevant to defense education: usefulness, motivation, linguistic performance, and technological readiness. Findings reveal that intranet-based AI tools significantly improve cadets’ accuracy in domain-specific terminology and increase confidence in delivering English command phrases. AI-generated feedback reduces speaking anxiety, while adaptive modules provide targeted practice aligned with operational tasks such as radar coordination and artillery command. However, implementation remains constrained by teachers’ limited AI literacy, security restrictions, and insufficient infrastructural support. To address these issues, the study proposes a three-layer model combining pedagogical adaptation, secure technological mediation, and institutional capacity building. The results provide a contextualized framework for integrating AI into ESP instruction in high-security military environments.
Aede Hatib bin Musta'amal Jamal, Xie Zehao, Yee Siew Ching
Malaysian Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions must align their educational frameworks with national goals of 15% electric vehicle penetration by 2030 and 80% by 2050 to transition to electric vehicles. This study uses Socio-Technical Systems (STS) theory to examine Malaysian TVET institutions' integration of electric vehicle technology, finding major gaps between the present curriculum centred on internal combustion engines and growing electric vehicle skills. This study uses narrative review and thematic synthesis to identify five critical misalignments: technical infrastructure and social capacity, policy-practice integration, industry-academia collaboration, sustainability and adaptation, and accreditation integration. The research shows that Malaysian TVET institutions have systemic issues beyond equipment acquisition, including technological infrastructure and human resource skills. This study uses STS theory to propose a comprehensive integration framework that optimizes technical and social subsystems across five key domains: technical infrastructure advancement and social capacity enhancement, policy-practice alignment mechanisms, integrated industry collaboration systems, adaptive sustainability frameworks, and accreditation-compliant integration. The framework recommends a gradual implementation plan based on organisational change management since effective electric vehicle teaching involves synchronous technological and social changes in TVET institutions.
Aede Hatib bin Musta'amal Jamal, Azwa Umairah binti Azman, Yee Siew Ching
The transition from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) globally is transforming the automotive sector and the necessary expertise for workers. The National Automotive Policy (NAP 2020) of Malaysia aims to establish the nation as a regional centre for sustainable mobility. It is essential for the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) curricula to be prepared for electric vehicle (EV) integration. This research paper provides a conceptual and narrative assessment of the curricular readiness of Malaysia's automotive Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs for electric vehicle (EV) technology. The paper employs Fullan’s Educational Change Theory and Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory to outline preparation across four dimensions: policy direction, institutional capacity, human capability, and curricular alignment. The study integrates research, policy documents, and institutional reports published from 2015 to 2025. The findings indicate that despite national programs such as NAP 2020 and the Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint (2021–2030) promoting the proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs), their adoption at the institutional level remains constrained. Numerous automotive TVET programs continue to emphasise conventional internal combustion engine technologies. This is due to inadequate infrastructure, insufficiently qualified educators, and a lack of effective collaboration within the business. The study proposes a cohesive framework for enhancing EV curriculum readiness through policy alignment, professional development, and strengthened industry partnerships. It posits that the integration of EV technology into Malaysia's automotive TVET signifies not only a curricular reform but also a strategic progression towards ecological industrial transformation and sustainable workforce development.
Aina Najeehah Anuar, Kurk Wei Yi, Nisfariza Mohd Noor, Safiza Suhana Kamal Baharin
The increasing frequency and severity of road accidents in Malaysia, driven by a significant disparity between vehicle growth and infrastructure capacity, present a pressing need for advanced traffic management solutions. This study details the design, development, and evaluation of a Web-GIS Traffic Incident Management System (WGTIMS), an integrated platform designed to enhance incident reporting, spatial visualization, and multi-stakeholder coordination. The system was constructed using a structured methodology of planning, design, development, and implementation, with deliberate integrations for performance and security. Built on an open-source stack (PHP, MySQL, Leaflet.js), WGTIMS employs a role-based architecture to serve administrators, police officers, and public users. A rigorous evaluation strategy was employed, combining black-box testing with preliminary user feedback. The technical testing demonstrated that the system successfully met all specified functional requirements, with test cases for critical workflows—including user authentication, incident reporting, and spatial data visualization, yielding the expected outcomes and robust error handling. User sessions indicated that the interface was intuitive and the GIS visualization was particularly effective for situational awareness. These findings confirm that WGTIMS is a viable and robust platform for improving response times and analytical decision-making in traffic incident management. Future work will focus on large-scale field deployment, cloud integration, and incorporating AI models for predictive analytics to further elevate its operational impact.
Dr. Dayaram D Pawar, Dr. Rajkumar Baburao Nanaware
Holistic Education seeks multi-fold growth to generate well-balanced personalities. The ideal child will be intellectually sophisticated, morally upright, emotionally upstanding, physically sound, socially adept, spiritually mature, economically independent, and globally liberal. The study's objective is to assess whether it is justifiable offering NCC Studies as an elective credit course in higher education institutes to align with NEP 2020 and the impact of phased military-oriented curriculum of NCC combining extracurricular and curricular activities that can give students access to a perfect and vibrant social environment. For a long time, the NCC has been one of India's leading institutions for developing young adults. From soft skills to military training enhancing all round development and developing leaders of tomorrow, the NCC has long been one of India's premier and pioneer institutions. Outcome of this endeavor implies that traditional education and teaching cannot prepare young minds for future life due to the rising complexities of life, society, and unhealthy competition and lacks constructive approach to resolve this grave issue. The NEP 2020 envisages that after graduating, instead of leaving them in limbo, preparing them for life through a military-oriented holistic education curriculum (NCC Studies) is vital. The NCC Studies allows youngsters to increase their knowledge, skills, talents, and employment prospects, including opportunities to join the military at various levels. It is deemed necessary to achieve this goal by understanding military pedagogy. The Central and state governments should support grants and subsidies for establishing more NCC units.
A.C. Imesha Kinkini
This paper explores the potential for integrating peace education within the Sri Lankan education system through the lens of the "Life World Reference" approach. The life-world approach emphasizes connecting the curriculum with students lived experiences, thereby making learning a meaningful and transformative process. In the context of peace education, this method emphasizes the importance of linking students' personal and social realities with the content they engage with in school. By embedding practical, real-life contexts into the curriculum, educators can help students make sense of their experiences, foster critical thinking, and develop a deeper understanding of concepts such as mutual respect, empathy, and cultural awareness. The study examines examples from diverse educational settings where life-world-oriented teaching strategies such as storytelling, debates, and collaborative projects have been successfully employed to enhance student engagement and promote peaceful coexistence. The sample of the research consisted of 10 teachers, 45 principals, and 30 students. The study employs a qualitative design combining documentary analysis and interviews. Case studies from Kenya, Lebanon, and Europe provide insights into effective peace education models, while a comparative analysis highlights gaps and opportunities within Sri Lanka’s curriculum. The findings emphasize the need for lifeworld-oriented teaching strategies to foster sustainable peace and national unity. The paper argues that the adoption of such inclusive, student-centered approaches in Sri Lanka’s educational framework can support peacebuilding efforts, particularly in a society shaped by a history of conflict and diversity. In conclusion, integrating life-world reference in peace education not only enriches the curriculum but also nurtures a holistic and contextually sensitive pedagogy. This approach can play a vital role in preparing students to navigate social complexities, promote intercultural dialogue, and contribute to sustainable peace. By grounding educational practices in students' life experiences, the Sri Lankan education system can better address the needs of its diverse student population and foster a culture of harmony and understanding.
Fateen Nabilla Rasli, Siti Rahmah Rashid
This study investigates the relationship between climate change and respiratory health in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, a rapidly urbanising district facing growing environmental stress from pollution and temperature rise. Climate change, driven by both natural and anthropogenic factors, has intensified urban heat, altered rainfall patterns, and worsened air quality, threatening public health. Using a mixed-methods approach combining field observation, secondary data analysis, and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) mapping, this research examined the interaction between temperature, humidity, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with respiratory disease incidence. Data were obtained from the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MET Malaysia), World Air Quality Index (WAQI), and Cheras District Health Office. Results revealed a marked deterioration in air quality between 2021 and 2023, with PM2.5 concentrations rising from 54.68 µg/m³ to 65.34 µg/m³, shifting from “Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups” to “Unhealthy” levels. Although air pollution worsened, influenza cases dropped from 1,240 (2021) to 32 (2023), likely influenced by post-COVID-19 behavioural changes such as mask usage and hygiene awareness. It should be noted that the 2021 data represent full-year health records, whereas the 2023 data cover only a single epidemiological week. This mismatch limits direct comparability and trend interpretation across years. GIS spatial analysis confirmed that pollution hotspots corresponded with high-density traffic and industrial zones, validating a strong link between air quality and respiratory vulnerability. The findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable urban policies, including stricter emission controls, expansion of urban green zones, and integrated air-health monitoring systems. Ultimately, this study highlights how rapid urban development and inadequate environmental management accelerate respiratory health risks, calling for a shift toward long-term, data-driven climate resilience strategies in Malaysia’s urban planning framework.
Nor Harlina Abd Hamid, Raslan Nordin
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are vital contributors to economic development and cultural sustainability, particularly in emerging economies like Malaysia. Within the textile sector, batik represents a significant element of national identity and traditional craftsmanship, yet faces challenges from global competition, changing consumer preferences, and the rise of mass-produced fashion. This study examines how a Malaysian batik-based fashion SME integrates cultural heritage preservation with sustainability and innovation to remain competitive in the modern fashion industry. Adopting a qualitative descriptive case study design, the research draws on multiple data sources, including semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, review of company documents, and direct observations of production and customer engagement activities. The analysis employs a SWOT framework to identify internal strengths and weaknesses alongside external opportunities and threats that shape the SME’s strategic decisions. Findings reveal that the SME’s strengths lie in its unique, culturally inspired designs, in-house production processes that ensure quality and authenticity, a loyal customer base, and proactive sustainability measures such as material repurpose. Key challenges include limited physical visibility due to its production location, small-scale production capacity which constrains scalability, and reliance on imported raw materials susceptible to supply chain disruptions. Opportunities are identified in leveraging digital marketing, expanding e-commerce channels, and capitalizing on Malaysia’s growing cultural tourism sector. Threats stem from intense market competition, economic volatility affecting consumer spending, and shifting fashion trends among younger demographics. This study contributes to the literature on cultural entrepreneurship and sustainable fashion by illustrating how traditional craft-based SMEs can adapt and thrive through innovation and strategic resource utilization. Practical implications suggest that policymakers should support such enterprises through capacity-building programs, incentives for local sourcing, and digital upskilling initiatives. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of balancing cultural preservation with modern business practices and suggests avenues for future comparative research across Southeast Asian craft industries.
Benjamin Oduro Arhin Jnr
This study investigates the complex interplay of copyright law, royalty collection, and religious practice within Ghana’s church music sector. Despite the significant cultural and spiritual value of gospel music, the sector is plagued by widespread copyright infringement, largely stemming from a critical lack of awareness and enforcement of intellectual property rights. Employing a qualitative case study methodology, this research gathered data through document review, case laws, and semi-structured interviews with nine key stakeholders, including musicians, church leaders, music producer, media personnel, and representatives from the collective management organization, GHAMRO. The findings reveal a pronounced power imbalance, where musicians’ reliance on churches for performance opportunities creates an environment susceptible to exploitation. The study further examines the pivotal, yet often ineffective, role of GHAMRO in advocating for fair compensation. It concludes that resolving this impasse requires a dual approach: first, the implementation of robust educational initiatives to enlighten both churches and musicians on copyright law; and second, institutional reforms within royalty collection agencies to ensure transparency and build trust. This research offers practical recommendations for harmonizing the sacred dimensions of worship with the economic rights of creators, providing a crucial framework for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to foster a more sustainable and equitable music industry in Ghana.
Ngene Chidiebere David, Okonkwo Chisom Michael, Onyedeke, Obinna Cyril
E-banking has introduced fresh innovations in finances because of the new conveniences, efficiencies, and global access. Conversely, the fast spread of e-banking has increased phishing attacks, which are a cyber-attack on banking sites. This paper concentrates on the intelligent detection of phishing websites to protect e-banking systems, particularly the assessment and comparison of algorithms on intelligent detection. The UCI Phishing Dataset URL, content, and behavioral features were diverse and applied in training and testing different machine-learning models. Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, Neural Networks, XGBoost, and Hybrid performance models were evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC. Although SVM showed a mediocre detection risk, the Random Forest and Neural Networks proved to be significantly more reliable, whereas XGBoost exhibited the highest performance due to its accuracy and scalability of performance. All tests yielded the most reliable results, and hybrid systems achieved the highest metrics and performance. This is revealed the most reliable detection and control systems of phishing threats in e-banking system since phishing frauds hugely make use of vulnerabilities in e-banking. In online banking systems, phishing frauds are best controlled by hybrid systems and intelligent detection systems. Some of the practical refinements provided by this study are improving fraud prevention, customer confidence, and regulatory compliance within financial organizations. The investigations of the future must focus on creating mechanisms of fraud detecting in real-time, using larger and more diverse data sets, and more adaptable and adaptable learning systems that can evolve with phishing attacks to sustain the digital banking protection mechanisms.
Khairul Naziya Kasim, Wan Khazani Wan Kamarudin
The adoption of digital platforms has transformed zakat payment methods, requiring an in-depth understanding of user acceptance factors. This study investigates the relationships between perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived risk (PR) with the intention to use digital zakat payment platforms. Zakat literacy is also analyzed as a moderating variable. Data were gathered from zakat payers in Malaysia’s central region through a structured survey and analyzed using structural equation modelling. Analysis on 170 respondents show that PEOU and PU significantly and positively influence the intention to use digital zakat platforms, while PR negatively impacts intention, reflecting concerns about security, privacy, and transactional risks. However, zakat literacy does not significantly moderate these relationships, challenging its assumed importance. This study contributes to the academic discourse by extending TAM within the Islamic finance context and highlighting the importance of PR in technology adoption. Practical insights are provided for improving platform usability and addressing user concerns. Future studies should investigate additional variables such as trust and religiosity while adopting comparative or longitudinal approaches for deeper insights.
Anaztasia Natasha Muhamad Ramlan, Anwar Ahmad Fauzi, Mohd Erfino Johari, Norazmi Anas, Shahrel Nizar Baharom
The COVID-19 pandemic, moral crises, and recurring natural disasters have significantly challenged traditional da’wah practices worldwide. Restrictions on physical gatherings and shifts in public communication behaviour have accelerated the adoption of digital and interactive platforms. As a result, the integration of Islamic preaching with information and communication technology (ICT) has become a crucial mechanism for ensuring the continuity and effectiveness of da’wah activities during times of crisis. This study employs a qualitative content analysis of 45 scholarly works published between 2020 and 2024, drawn from the Google Scholar database and supported by selected grey literature from institutional reports, NGO publications, and online sermons. Using the key terms “interactive,” “da’wah,” and “crisis,” the analysis examines emerging trends, implementation models, and the da’wah significance of digital media during critical periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic, moral decline, and flood disasters. The results demonstrate that interactive da’wah characterized by two-way communication, multimedia engagement, and accessibility has reshaped Islamic preaching into a participatory and resilient practice. Platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, Facebook Live, and Zoom have facilitated dynamic dissemination of religious messages, moral guidance, and psychological support. Case examples from Malaysia and Indonesia show that online mosque initiatives, digital humanitarian da’wah, and youth-oriented social media campaigns strengthened faith, social solidarity, and emotional resilience during crises. Interactive da’wah mediums, when guided by maqasid shariah and ethical communication principles, enhance inclusivity, adaptability, and spiritual sustainability. The study proposes that integrating ICT-driven approaches with traditional da’wah will enable Muslim communities and institutions to remain crisis-ready while fostering meaningful engagement in the digital age.
Chan Yann Sheng, Chong Oi Leng, Gan Kiat Chien, Irene Yoke Chu Leong, Kuldip Kaur Maktiar Singh, Lai Su Yuan, Lai Yuh Ying
Improved air connectivity and China’s new visa-free entry policy have significantly boosted tourism to Malaysia, with 1,185,050 Chinese visitors recorded in 2024. According to the Malaysian Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, this figure marks a 194% rise from the previous year. This dramatic rise demonstrates Malaysia's increasing need for tourism and hospitality workers with intercultural communication skills. For individuals working or preparing to work in hotel management and tourism, it is necessary to grasp the cultural distinctions between China and Malaysia, particularly the intricacies of local Chinese culture. In order to overcome this obstacle, Chinese language training resources that take into account both cultural viewpoints are essential. This study employs content analysis to examine the types and presence of cultural elements in two Mandarin textbooks developed for diploma-level students in tourism and hospitality. Guided by established frameworks of cultural elements (knowledge-based and communicative) and cultural types (source, target, international, and intercultural interaction), the study analyses how these aspects are embedded within the textbooks. The findings reveal a coexistence of both knowledge-based and communicative cultural content; however, the representation of cultural and intercultural elements remains unbalanced, as both textbooks predominantly emphasise local culture over international perspectives. These insights offer valuable reference points for future development of Chinese language materials tailored to the tourism and hospitality industries. In multicultural contexts, the effective integration of cultural and intercultural content is the key to enhancing learners’ understanding of the language’s cultural background and strengthening their intercultural communicative competence.
Bryan B. Rone, Dr. Mary Ann L. Decrepito
This study explored the practices, challenges, and influences of the Department of Education Computerization Program (DCP) in 20 public elementary schools in Pontevedra District. Using a descriptive research design and a validated questionnaire, data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and Spearman’s Rho. Results indicated that while teachers and administrators frequently utilized the DCP, learners’ access remained limited due to insufficient computer units. Major challenges included resource scarcity and minimal stakeholder involvement. Despite constraints, the DCP enhanced teaching practices, administrative functions, and student engagement. A training course design was proposed to strengthen program implementation and sustainability.
Dr. Boddu Laxman, Tesfay Haftay Kidanemariam
An effective internal audit function is one of the foundations of good governance in banks due to their inherent vulnerability to risks and the ever-increasing regulatory compliance demands. This paper presents a conceptual and partially empirical investigation of the effectiveness of internal audit in private commercial banks in Mekelle City, Ethiopia. Descriptive evidence from a survey of 130 valid responses (out of 134 collected) from internal auditors and branch managers supports the conceptual analysis. Drawing on agency, institutional, and communication theories, the paper proposes six key determinants: organisational independence, the competence of audit staff, the quality of audit work, management support, the audit charter, and the audit committee. Management support, auditor competence, and quality of audit work emerged as the most influential determinants. It is hoped that this paper will add to the body of knowledge connected to internal audit in developing countries.
Abeokuta Ogun State, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Ogunwede Joseph Kayode, Omotilewa Olufemi Oluwatoyin
Good business operations contribute to enterprises achieving their long-term growth goals. Hence, governance, controls and compliance are foundational elements in the effective management and oversight of a company by management and boards. The value of the internal control system is enormous for all kinds of organizations small or big. This study evaluated the effect of internal control activities of control environment and control activities on small and medium enterprises sustainability in terms of alignment of operations with goals and operational efficiency. The study adopted cross sectional survey research design. The population of the study comprised all registered SMEs operating in South-West states, Nigeria, while the study adopted purposive sampling technique to select 350 SMEs operating across Lagos, Ogun, and Oyo states, South-West, Nigeria. This study used primary data gathered from selected SMEs through structured questionnaire designed on 5- point Likert scale. Data gathered were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while the hypotheses were analysed using ordinary least square regression. Findings from statistical test of hypotheses reveal that control environment and control procedures jointly contribute positively and significantly to ability of SMEs to align operations with sustainability objectives, and promote operational efficiency. The study concluded that internal control system ensure that the behaviours and decisions of employees and managers are consistent with organization’s sustainability objectives and strategies and effectively contribute to higher business performance and long-term growth. Therefore, this study recommended that SMEs managers should strengthen and monitor their internal control mechanism, and implement more effective accounting information systems, ensure compliance with regulatory requirement, be socially, economically and environmentally responsible.
Nabilah Sahira Mohd Zuraini, Norhashimah Yahya, Siti Hajar Mohamad Yusoff, Wan Marfazila Wan Mahmud, Zuraidah Juliana Mohamad Yusoff
This article examines the internalization of lecturer professionalism grounded in Islamic civilizational values, which cultivate an academic culture founded on faith, ethics, and holistic human development. Using a qualitative approach through inductive and thematic content analysis, the study identifies five core values, namely divinity (Rabbāniyyah), comprehensiveness (Syumūliyyah), balance of values (Wasatiyyah), values of elevation (Ulūwwiyyah) and Islamic identity (Islāmiyyah) as the foundation of holistic professionalism. The findings indicate that lecturers who internalize these values not only achieve academic excellence but also embody ethical integrity, noble character, and social responsibility, serving as transformative agents for the ummah and national civilization. The article highlights the application of the Flexible Education With Soul (FlexS) model as a strategic approach to developing value-based, spiritually conscious, and professional lecturers. This integration enhances the quality of teaching and research while aligning higher education with the comprehensive objectives of Islamic civilization.
Chiara Scognamiglio, Enrica Tortora, Enrico Moretto, Lucia Luciana Mosca, Raffaele Sperandeo, Valeria Cioffi
This study presents a narrative integrative review examining the relationship between interoception and personality across neuroscientific, psychological, and Gestalt perspectives. Peer-reviewed literature (2000-2024) from PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus was reviewed using search terms related to interoception, personality traits, embodied cognition, and Gestalt therapy, with inclusion criteria emphasizing empirical studies of psychophysiological correlates of personality (extraversion-introversion, neuroticism-stability) and theoretical work linking neuroscientific evidence to experiential frameworks. By synthesizing theoretical convergences and identifying empirical gaps, the review proposes a testable integrative framework in which personality traits—introversion, extraversion, and neuroticism—are reinterpreted as stable patterns of interoceptive self-regulation and embodied modes of relational contact with the environment. The framework conceptualizes personality not as a fixed set of traits, but as a dynamic process of organismic self-regulation shaped by the integration of bodily and mental processes in social context. This perspective has implications for psychotherapy, education, and organizational settings, where interoceptive awareness training may enhance emotional regulation, empathy, and relational functioning. The proposed model offers an interdisciplinary contribution that bridges neuroscientific and phenomenological approaches, providing testable hypotheses for future empirical research on the embodied foundations of personality and social behavior.
Halimah Mohamed Ali, Rosnidar Ain, Sabhithra Ramachandran
This study intends to investigate how did the Literature lecturers conduct the teaching-learning process through the Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) during the COVID-19 crisis. The lecturers were panicked in the beginning as they do not have the exposure of conducting the Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) previously. Apart from lack of exposure, internet issues, devices, adaptation towards Literature syllabus and lack of ICT skills were also the problems faced by the Literature lecturers when conducting the Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). The research questions focused on Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT), Literature syllabus and technology. Nine Literature lecturers from three public universities participated in this study. A qualitative study which involved a virtual interview was implemented to obtain data about Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). Findings showed that the Literature lecturers successfully adapted to the Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). Also, technology played an important role in exposing many education applications to the lecturers. Flipped classroom and hybrid learning were suggested for the future.
Edwina Ivy Anthonius, Jenna Desiree Robert, Norazrina Ag-Ahmad, Nurul Natasha Nor Aziz, Sazirah Jaafar
This study was conducted to identify students’ e-learning needs and to determine gaps in the existing e-learning platforms used for learning English as a second language (ESL) at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kota Kinabalu and UiTM Kuala Pilah. The issue addressed in this research is that although e-learning platforms have become an integral component of language instruction, many students experience reduced engagement due to a lack of interactive and communicative learning features. The objectives of this study were to identify the e-learning features that students perceive as most useful for language learning and to examine students’ perceptions of the advantages of using digital platforms to support ESL learning. A needs analysis survey was administered online to 198 respondents across various academic programmes at both campuses. The survey explored students’ experiences with current platforms, focusing on areas such as interactivity, engagement, and perceived advantages of online learning. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarise students’ responses and determine common patterns in their needs and preferences. The findings highlighted that students expressed stronger preferences for platforms that incorporate interactive elements such as real-time feedback, multimedia learning, collaboration, and task-based activities. The analysis also indicated that students would benefit more from an environment that provides ample opportunities to practise the language and engage with interactive lessons. These results suggest the importance of enhancing e-learning systems with more dynamic, participatory, and communicative features to better support learner engagement and improve ESL learning outcomes.
Samuel P. Davis, Yode Ayanlowo
The total number of refugees on a global scale remains a profoundly troubling reality. Conflicts, persecution, climate-related displacement, and fragile state systems continue to push millions into forced migration, leaving them in prolonged situations of uncertainty. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has highlighted three recognized durable solutions aimed at addressing refugeehood: voluntary repatriation, third-country resettlement, and local integration. The intent of these solutions is not only to provide instantaneous respite but also to preserve the dignity of the millions of forcefully displaced people. This paper aims to investigate the level of the effectiveness and overall durability of these solutions by employing the method of a critical literature review. Through the findings, there appears to be a considerable imbalance in the preference and attention given to each of these approaches. Often regarded as the most expedient and preferred solution, voluntary repatriation is considered to be a politically necessary and cost-effective option widely accepted and implemented by host states and, by extension, the international community. Despite this, the reality tells a different tale: repatriation is usually less feasible because of the propensity of countries of origin to be generally unsafe and precarious for refugees who originally fled for safety concerns. Third-country resettlement and local integration are also durable solutions, but they have received little attention and endorsement. Only a small fraction of refugees receives opportunities for resettlement, and integration is often impeded by the persistent problems of socio-political resistance and weak policies and implementation. This imbalance constitutes the premise of the intractable problem of refugeehood in recent times. This paper concluded by offering recommendations that centre on the imperativeness of re-evaluating the priorities of key players such as states, especially host countries, and international agencies. To draw closer to mitigating refugeehood, it is important to focus more on developing opportunities for resettlement and integration.
E.G.S. Sandaruwan, G.G.K.M. Thilakarathna, S.M.I. Jahan
The method of recruitment has changed dramatically due to the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Human Resource Management (HRM), which has increased both efficacy and efficiency. This study aims to examine how AI is transforming the recruitment process and its impact on candidate sourcing, screening, and selection. Chatbots, applicant tracking systems, and predictive analytics are examples of AI-based solutions which are increasingly used to automate repetitive tasks, reduce human bias, and raise the accuracy of decisions. This quantitative study investigates the impact of AI-driven recruitment systems in Sri Lanka, focusing on four organizations. Data was collected from 50 executive employees via a structured online survey using Google Forms, comprising Likert-scale items rated on a five-point scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 30.0.0 and SmartPLS 4 for structural equation modeling (SEM). This study aims to provide empirical evidence on executives' perceptions of AI tools in recruitment, assess the reliability and validity of the measurement model, and examine the structural impact of variables. The findings offer practical implications for HR practitioners seeking to implement or optimize AI-based hiring processes in Sri Lankan organizational settings. AI technologies can enhance HRM innovation by aligning with organizational goals and ethical standards. However, successful implementation requires careful planning, transparency, and continuous evaluation to ensure fairness and accountability. HR practitioners must adapt to AI-driven recruitment solutions in Sri Lanka to improve performance and global competitiveness. Continued research in AI-driven recruitment systems is crucial to address new opportunities and challenges, ensuring businesses stay ahead of the curve in HRM innovation and best practices.
Abd S. Ja’afar, Mohamad A. M. Idin, Muhammad A. I. Zulkifli, Muhammad I. Idris, Muhammad R. Kamarudin, Noorazlan S. Zainudin, Noorezal A. M. Napiah, Zul A. F. M. Napiah
This study investigates Zinc Cobaltite (ZnCo₂O₄) as a potential hole transport layer (HTL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to address the long-term performance degradation observed in conventional HTL materials. Owing to its high stability, wide bandgap, and favorable charge-transport characteristics, ZnCo₂O₄ offers strong potential for efficient carrier extraction and transport in PSC architectures. The HTL plays a critical role in selectively extracting and transferring positive charge carriers (holes) to the anode while maintaining overall device stability. In this work, ZnCo₂O₄-based PSCs were simulated using the GPVDM software, and the Taguchi optimization method was employed to determine the optimal design parameters for achieving maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE). The key parameters considered include HTL thickness, operating temperature, and bandgap energy. Simulation results reveal that a ZnCo₂O₄ thickness of 200 nm yields a PCE of 28.25% using GPVDM. Through Taguchi optimization, the highest PCE of 32.23% was achieved with an optimized configuration comprising a 300 nm ZnCo₂O₄ layer, 300 K temperature, 2.0 eV bandgap, and mobility factors of 9.14 × 10⁻⁶ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ for both electrons and holes. These findings demonstrate that ZnCo₂O₄ is a promising HTL candidate for high-efficiency and thermally stable PSCs. Further experimental validation and interface engineering could enhance its performance and enable its integration into next-generation perovskite photovoltaic devices.
Ahmed Musa Dinar, Albert Tiong Guo Lee, Anis Suhaila Mohd Zain, Fauziyah Salehuddin, Hanim Abdul Razak, Hazura Haroon, Nurulfajar Abd Manap, Siti Khadijah Idris@Othman
Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals, capable of causing severe health problems such as kidney damage, anxiety, depression, and memory loss. Despite these risks, mercury-containing cosmetics continue to be used as skin-lightening agents, often without consideration of their clinical impacts. To address this issue, this study proposes the development of an IoT-based system for detecting mercury in cosmetic products. The system integrates a pH sensor with a NodeMCU board programmed using Arduino IDE, while Blynk and Google Spreadsheet are employed for real-time monitoring and historical data storage. The detection principle is based on pH analysis, as mercury-containing cosmetics typically fall within the acidic pH range of 5–7. Experimental validation was conducted on five cosmetic samples, of which two (pH 6.0 and 6.2) indicated the presence of mercury. The results demonstrate that the proposed IoT-based system can successfully identify and record mercury contamination, providing accessible monitoring through Blynk and systematic data logging via Google Spreadsheet. This approach highlights the potential of low-cost IoT-based solutions for enhancing cosmetic product safety monitoring.
Abdul Mukit Kabil
Since the late 19th century, Iran’s economy had struggled with financial instability and foreign influence, particularly that of Russia and Britain. To modernize the country’s corrupt and decrepit financial system, the Iranian government appointed American financial advisor William Morgan Shuster as Treasurer General. But Shuster’s efforts to establish a new system of taxation, reduce corruption, and combat foreign interference in Iran’s financial affairs were seen as a threat to Russian and British interests in Iran. At one point, Russia and Britain put pressure on the Iranian government to dismiss Shuster from his post and finally the Iranian government was bound to do so. Shuster’s dismissal and departure marked a setback for Iran’s attempts at modernization and independence.
Mohamed Hafizuddin Mohamed Jamrus, Nadiah Zubbir, Noor Aizah Abas, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Nurfarah Saiful Azam
Understanding how learners' beliefs influence their use of cognitive strategies and self-regulation is an important issue in educational psychology, as motivational beliefs, cognitive strategy use, and self-control are interconnected. And there is a cyclical relationship between these three components. Motivational beliefs drive the use of cognitive strategies, which in turn enhance self-control. This cycle leads to better academic outcomes and the development of lifelong learning skills. The researchers were motivated to carry out this study because investigating this allows them to understand how these factors impact students' learning outcomes and can provide instructors with insights into more effective teaching strategies. The objective of this study is to explore the motivational factors that influence learning among undergraduate students. A quantitative approach was employed for this study. A 5-point Likert-scale survey, based on Pintrich & De Groot (1990), was used to measure the relevant variables. The survey consists of three sections: Section A includes demographic questions, Section B contains 22 items on motivational beliefs, and Section C comprises 22 items on self-regulated learning strategies.The survey was completed by a purposive sample of 282 undergraduate students from the largest public university in Malaysia. The findings of this study is that students generally have moderate to high confidence in their abilities, strong motivation to learn, and moderate levels of test anxiety suggesting that motivation plays a vital role in students' learning experiences and performances. Next, students actively use cognitive strategies to process information and apply self-regulation techniques, although some areas need improvement. Lastly, there is a moderately positive correlation between motivational beliefs and self-regulated strategies, suggesting that students who are more motivated tend to use more cognitive strategies and self-regulation techniques which has significant implications for teaching and learning by focusing on fostering both motivation and self-regulation. There is the need to enhance student motivation through goal-setting exercises, positive feedback, and relevant teaching materials. Developing self-regulated learning skills by integrating metacognitive training to help students monitor their progress, adjust their study strategies, and become more independent learners are also encouraged. Future researchers could investigate whether early interventions aimed at improving student motivation lead to long-term academic success.
Ashran Idris, Gurprit Singh Sarjit Singh, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Nur Aqila Zainuddin, Nurul Afiqah, Putra Khairul Amirin Azman Shah, Siti Maisarah Jaafar
The current capitalistic society pushes materialistic nature that goes against minimalist lifestyle while indirectly encouraging overworking culture. This paper, thus, intends to discuss the essence of work-life balance within the context of minimalist views, which are feasible to be legally enforceable within Malaysia's legislature. It will highlight societal values on moderation that are not foreign to Malaysia yet have been drowned by the capitalist and maximalist drive, which prevents work-life balance; both by choice and by force against the employees. The literature review will then proceed to ground the current standing of literature and legal works pertaining to work-life balance within the context of minimalism while engaging with a comparative highlight towards the Nordic States including Denmark, Finland, and Sweden which successfully legalise work-life balance. Emphasis is also given on the current International Labour Organisation entanglement with Malaysian law to the concept of work-life balance. In this research, the paper will focus itself to the scope of doctrinal and juridical-normative by focusing on the effective method of comparison between the Nordic model, which can be adopted into Malaysian employment law. The findings demonstrate the acceptability of work-life balance culture among the newer generations in Malaysia, lack of welfare adaptation within Malaysian employment law, successful legal framework stemming from cultural appreciation to the minimalist work-life balance and struggling economic livelihood which abolish the capacity of work-life balance in many households. Thus, this paper recommends social media engagement to pressure the government, bill drafting in the Parliament, educational reform, and reinterpretation of the term ‘life’ within Article 5 of the Federal Constitution through judicial review are the appropriate suggestions of increasing the likelihood towards a legal enforceability on work-life balance. Hence, this research concludes that work-life balance is feasible to be implemented in the Malaysia legislature provided that it is emphasised by the masses of the public within an actual and adequate social necessity rather than an activist outcry.
Anton Minardi
Freedom has became the concensus for western multicultural society. In fact, it has became a constitution of the declaration of human right. In this regard it is written in the Universal Declaration of Human Right (UDHR), Article 18, 19, and 20. The humankinds are free to move and express their belief in the frame of honor the each other belief. Migration of world inhabitants and thoughts are often and regular. But when Islam is included in Muslims as a minority why is it considered a problem. Rejection of Islam is expressed in various forms such as rejection of Muslims, ridicule, harassment, prohibition of working in certain places, prohibition of wearing the hijab, threats, restrictions on places of worship, burning of the Koran, destruction of mosques. This should not happen on the basis of freedom and the right to make life choices and this Islamophobia is a threat to global freedom. This article examines the behavior of Islamophobia as movement with the groups, medias and donors, especially in Europe and America.
Anis Amilah Binti Shari, Mohamad Hafiz Khairuddin, Mohd Rahmat Mohd Noordin, Nur Arifah Amirah Binti Arsat
iTeachU mobile application is one of the applications developed to address the increasing number of requests for individual tutor matching in Malaysia, specifically in the Melaka region. The system will incorporate users' preferences and serve as a simplification tool to identify appropriate tutors based on preferences, as well as gender, subject, tutoring mode, and location. The application implements a hybrid recommendation strategy that combines content-based filtering and the K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) algorithm, and is boosted by Haversine-based geofencing to find nearby tutors. In concurrence with conventional systems, iTeachU will also rank tutors according to a calculated Best Match and Distance Score, favouring classification based on their attributes rather than just the distance between tutors. The application has been created with Flutter on the front end and a Python (Flask) backend. Registration and preferences are to be saved in Firebase, and tutor details are to be stored in CSV files. Functional and usability tests showed that the app was very stable and user-friendly, and that it makes accurate recommendations by displaying the top matches. The iTeachU application shows what smart, location-based solutions can do to better integrate mobile support into the promotion of personalised educational assistance.
Kenneth Amoah-Binfoh, Priscilla Bempa Botwe, Richard Amoako, Samuel Boadi
This research explores the connection between job satisfaction and employee attrition at the Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD), emphasizing the role of organizational culture as a moderator. A quantitative research approach was adopted, and structured survey data were collected from 208 employees of COCOBOD in Koforidua, Eastern Region. Reliability testing, correlation, and regression statistical analysis were conducted and revealed strong positive correlations between job satisfaction and turnover intentions (r = 0.82, p < .001) as well as strong positive correlations between organizational culture and turnover (r = 0.78, p < .001). Organizational culture was found to be an important moderator to the relationship of job satisfaction and turnover (β = 0.12, p = .014), indicating that a supportive climate enhances the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover. The study concludes that collectivist and participatory-oriented dimensions of organizational culture can buffer the effects of job dissatisfaction, whereas bureaucratic hierarchies can risk turnover by intensifying job dissatisfaction. Recommendations for the Ghana Cocoa Board include delegating authority to lower levels, promoting participatory leadership approaches, and institutionalizing culturally related rituals and events that promote a sense of belonging for all employees. The study contributes to existing literature by integrating Schein’s organizational culture model and Ubuntu philosophy to understand employee retention in a post-colonial agricultural institution.
Jenny Paguio Magtanong
This study, titled “Journey of Female Athletes in Bataan: Basis for Gender-Fair Sports Education,” explored the lived experiences of selected female athletes in the province of Bataan. Using a qualitative phenomenological research design and purposive sampling technique, the study aimed to understand the challenges, motivations, and successes that shape the athletic journey of women in sports. The chosen respondents of the study, female athletes, were a product of the province of Bataan. The study was analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that the participants emphasized the importance of recognition for women, support and continuous learning, sports contribute to developing leadership and building meaningful relationships, and they build confidence. As for issues and challenges encountered in the study, gender fair treatment, lack of resources, safety and well-being, and more funding. Moreover, the study identified best practices among female athletes, such as the integration of technology in training, enjoyment and passion for playing, sharing of knowledge with others, as well as positive coaching. These insights highlight the need for inclusive and gender-fair sports education programs that promote equality, empowerment, and holistic development among female athletes. Recommendations in the study include continuous support from the government to be able to give gender fair treatment to the female athletes. Another is the provision of enough funds to support training and continuous study for the improvement of the main focus of the study.
Ibtisam @ Ilyana Ilias, Siti Sarah Sulaiman, Su’aida Safei, Su’aidi Safei
The issue of unilateral conversion of minor children to Islam by a converting parent without the consent of the non-converting parent continues to generate legal uncertainty in Malaysia. This doctrinal study critically examines the judicial trend reflected in recent landmark decisions of the Federal Court, particularly Indira Gandhi A/P Mutho v Pengarah Jabatan Agama Islam Perak & Ors (2018) and Pendaftar Mualaf Negeri Perlis & Ors v Loh Siew Hong and another appeal (2025). The focus is on the interpretation of Article 12(4) of the Federal Constitution, concerning parental consent, and the implications of distinguishing between ab initio cases and renunciation cases within Malaysia’s dual legal system. Through comparative analysis of decided cases between 2018 and 2025, the paper highlights judicial consistency in affirming that the consent of both parents is required for a valid conversion of minors to Islam. The paper also discusses tensions arising from divergent judicial reasoning in recent decisions such as Dahlia Dhaima bt Abdullah v. Majlis Agama Islam Selangor and another appeal (2025). Findings emphasise that while Islamic legal principles recognise unilateral parental consent in certain situations, constitutional supremacy dictates that both parents must provide consent for a conversion of minor children to be valid. The paper concludes that recent jurisprudence has strengthened legal protections for minors and supports the uniform application of constitutional principles across the states.
A. V. L. Chandima, N. D. Gunasekara
Adults pursuing education often face the challenge of balancing both work and study. This study centers on week end course students pursuing the Higher National Diploma in Accountancy (HNDA) and the Higher National Diploma in Information Technology (HNDIT) at the Advanced Technological Institute, Gampaha.This research explores both the advantages and challenges of balancing work and study. It aims to gain insights into the dual roles of student and employee, focusing on how individuals manage their commitments effectively. The survey reveals that students see flexible work-study programs as the most helpful support for balancing work and studies, followed by counseling and financial aid. While most students would still choose part-time work, they acknowledge the significant stress it adds. Overall, balancing work and studies is tough but rewarding, with students recognizing the need for strong time management and support systems. The findings of this study can assist educators, policymakers, and institutional support teams in providing enhanced assistance to students juggling work and studies.
Irene O. Mamites, Janine Joy L. Tenerife-Cañete, Jemima M. Tandag, John De Vera, Mary Ann F. Savior, Raymond C. Espina, Regina E. Sitoy, Reylan G. Capuno
Inclusive education has emerged as a global priority, emphasizing equitable learning opportunities for all students, including those with special educational needs (SEN). In the Philippines, national policies such as Republic Act 11650 and DepEd Orders 44 and 23 underscore the commitment to inclusive practices. However, the implementation remains challenging, particularly among Key Stage 1 (K1) teachers. This study aimed to assess the level of preparedness of K1 public school teachers in handling learners with special needs in Tagbilaran City Schools Division, Bohol Province, for the school year 2024–2025. Employing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, quantitative data were gathered through a validated survey questionnaire, while qualitative insights were obtained via reflexive thematic analysis of interviews. Findings revealed that teachers demonstrated a generally positive attitude and moderate skills toward inclusive education but exhibited gaps in knowledge, particularly regarding the use of assistive technologies and individualized education planning. No significant differences were found in preparedness levels across demographic variables such as age, specialization, service length, and educational attainment. Challenges identified included limited training, behavioral management difficulties, resource scarcity, balancing class demands, and inconsistent institutional support. The study concludes that while K1 teachers are motivated, systemic gaps hinder full inclusive practice. An action plan focusing on continuous training, resource enhancement, peer mentoring, and stronger administrative support is proposed to address these challenges. The findings contribute to strengthening inclusive education initiatives, offering policy and practice recommendations applicable to similar urban Philippine contexts and beyond.
Irene O. Mamites, Janine Joy L. Tenerife-Cañete, Jemima M. Tandag, John De Vera, Lemuel B. Barol, Raymond C. Espina, Regina E. Sitoy, Reylan G. Capuno
This study examined the readiness of Key Stage 1 public school teachers in handling learners with special educational needs (LSEN) in the Tagbilaran City Schools Division, Bohol Province, during the school year 2024–2025. Using a quantitative-qualitative design, it analyzed teachers’ demographic profiles, readiness in knowledge, attitudes, and skills, and the challenges they faced. Findings showed a moderate level of readiness across all dimensions, with attitudes ranking highest and knowledge lowest, especially in assistive technologies and inclusive education policies. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in readiness when grouped by age, field of specialization, length of service, or educational attainment, indicating that professional development and institutional support influence readiness more than demographic factors. Qualitative data identified challenges such as managing learners’ behavior, addressing instructional demands, lack of specialized resources, and emotional strain from limited training. Despite these, teachers expressed strong commitment to inclusive education and emphasized the need for continuous support and capacity-building. From these findings, a strategic action plan was formulated to strengthen inclusive practices. It highlights specialized training on behavior management and assistive technologies, development of contextualized materials, mentoring and wellness programs, and equitable allocation of inclusive education resources. The study concludes that enhancing inclusive education at the Key Stage 1 level requires strengthening teachers’ competencies, broadening their practical knowledge, and reinforcing emotional and institutional support systems. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers, school leaders, and educators striving to advance inclusive education in early childhood settings.
Francis F. Lyimo, Patrick Masanja, Tumaini William
Nyamagana is one of the leading districts in the Mwanza Region, with a total of 165 health facilities. However, women in the district continue to face challenges in utilizing these health services. This study investigated the knowledge of postnatal care services among women in Nyamagana District, Mwanza, Tanzania. A qualitative approach was employed, involving in-depth interviews with 16 women who had given birth within the past twelve months, as well as two key informants (community health workers) from two different streets-Ngaza Street in Luchelele Ward and California Street in Nyegezi Ward. Participants were purposively selected, and the data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that women's understanding and interpretation of postnatal care services, including the timing of when to access them, largely depended on the place of delivery. In conclusion, postnatal care services are not determined solely by giving birth in a hospital, but rather by the meaning and understanding women have, as well as the guidance they receive during delivery. Postnatal care also varies from one hospital to another, with public hospitals particularly lagging behind in providing accurate information on the appropriate time to access these services compare to private hospitals. The study recommends the government should prioritize the strengthening of community awareness on the importance of timely and continuous postnatal care (PNC). This can be achieved through targeted health education campaigns, integration of community health workers (CHWs), culturally sensitive health messaging aimed at addressing misconceptions surrounding the timing and purpose of PNC. Additionally, the government should invest in training and deploying more skilled healthcare providers to deliver postnatal services, particularly in underserved and rural areas where access remains limited.
Dr Uushona Selma Ingandipewa, Ms Nambombola Kristofina Tashiya
Diarrhoea illnesses is the leading cause of death in children under five years old globally. The existing evidence on diarrhoea illnesses shows that knowledge, attitudes and practices of the parents and caregivers play a fundamental role in prevention and management of diarrhoea in children.
Bao Rong, Sleymane Mohamed Yehya
Academic capitalism represents a capitalist system deeply intertwined with neoliberal ideology and educational policy reform. Both academic capitalism and neoliberalism seek to consolidate market dominance and provide unlimited access to capital through the privatization and commodification of academic activities, transforming academia into a capitalist sphere. Neoliberalism reshapes nations of knowledge, rationality, and free discourse within a market-oriented narrative, while new managerialism within universities has codified the theoretical and practical foundations of the academic market. Academic capital is a particular form of capital, and academia is a distinct public sphere linked to the transmission of culture and the development of civilization; therefore, it is essential to recognize the risks and inequalities that result from the polarization of academic capital under the influence of global academic capitalism. A market-based governance model has emerged that tends to detach itself from traditional civilization and national frameworks. This research confirms that an effective academic governance system must be an embedded governance system that coordinates the roles of the state, the university, and the market within an integrated national and ethical system.
Bilashi Shaha
The land rights of Aboriginal peoples in Bangladesh remain one of the most critical legal and socio-political issues in the country. This article presents a legal study on the status of land rights among aboriginal people, particularly in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and other plains regions. It critically analyses the constitutional provisions, national land laws, and customary practices. Despite constitutional guarantees of equality and justice, Aboriginal peoples often face systemic challenges, including land dispossession, lack of recognition of customary tenure, inadequate legal enforcement and limited access to justice. This article explores judicial decisions, government policies, and land commission activities, highlighting the legal gaps and institutional failures that continue to marginalize Aboriginal communities. The study wraps up with a call for changes in the legal framework, stronger recognition of customary land rights, and the need for inclusive governance to ensure land justice for indigenous peoples in Bangladesh.
Muhammad Fauzannaim Badrul Hisham, Rozita Ibrahim, Wardah Mustafa Din, Zurina Mahadi
Understanding how university students see themselves as leaders or followers is crucial for designing effective leadership‑development curricula. This study explores the leadership self-perceptions of undergraduate students, focusing on the factors that influence their identity perception and whether gender plays a role in this process. This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Data were collected from 243 undergraduate students (162 female, 81 male) enrolled in a liberal education course titled ‘Leadership and Interpersonal Skills’ at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia during Semester 1 (2025-2026) and Semester 2 (2024-2025). Quantitative analysis included descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to examine the relationship between gender and leadership identity. Qualitative data from student self-introductions on Padlet were analysed using thematic analysis to identify key themes in the reasons behind their self-perceptions. Analysis was conducted using Excel for quantitative data and manual coding for qualitative data. The majority of students identified as “Both” a leader and a follower, followed by “Leader”, and “Follower”. While there was no statistically significant association between gender and the three leadership identity categories, a simplified analysis of “Leader” vs. “Non-Leader” revealed that male students were significantly more likely to identify solely as leaders compared to female students. Thematic analysis revealed five major themes: (1) the fluidity of leadership and followership, (2) the influence of past experience, (3) the value of learning and development, (4) leadership as responsibility, and (5) personal preference and comfort. Students in this study perceive leadership not as a fixed role but as a fluid and context-dependent practice. The findings suggest that leadership education should emphasize the development of both leadership and followership skills, recognizing that effective team members must be able to navigate both roles. The small but significant gender difference in leadership self-perception warrants further investigation and consideration in co-curricular program design. Institutions should create more opportunities for students to practice leadership in diverse contexts and should explicitly teach the value of followership as a complement to leadership.
Ashley Timean, Oluchi Jane Maduka
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare delivery worldwide, offering diagnostic precision and operational efficiency. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa, the implementation of AI systems outpaces the development of ethical and institutional safeguards. This conceptual paper examines how leadership styles, ethical orientations, and institutional cultures influence the success or failure of AI governance frameworks in the region’s healthcare systems. Drawing on transformational, servant, and ethical leadership theories, as well as responsible-innovation principles, the paper synthesizes global and African literature, including WHO’s Trustworthy AI guidelines and the African Union’s digital health strategy on AI governance, health policy gaps, and organizational culture. It argues that effective AI governance depends less on technology than on leadership capacity to integrate moral vision, accountability, and inclusion. The paper concludes by proposing a leadership-centered conceptual model encompassing ethical leadership traits, institutional alignment, and policy coherence, and policy recommendations for strengthening ethical AI adoption across Sub-Saharan Africa.
Ilyani Noor Khuszairy, Nur Ezan Rahmat, Shahnaz Aina Mohd nor Shah
Financial Markets Ombudsman Service (FMOS) in Malaysia is a form of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) that provides an accessible and affordable resolution mode for financial consumers. The FMOS was previously known as the Ombudsman for Financial Services (OFS) and had recently consolidated with the Securities Industry Dispute Resolution Centre (SIDREC) under the Securities Commission Malaysia. Before the consolidation with SIDREC, which took effect in January 2025, OFS had the jurisdiction to hear financial disputes between individuals and Financial Service Providers, as well as claims against private organisations or individuals. Meanwhile, SIDREC was able to cater to disputes involving capital markets services and products. However, although the new integration offers alternative dispute resolution to consumers, service providers, investors, and sole proprietors, the FMOS continues to experience low public patronage. The OFS Annual Report 2024 recorded that only 1856 new cases were registered. However, the number of financial disputes has increased significantly over the years, and statistically, the report also shows that awareness of the OFS remains at only 12.7%. Moreover, the FMOS can only adjudicate claims up to RM250,000, a threshold far below the current average house price of RM490,376, limiting its relevance for disputes involving high-value claims. These structural and procedural constraints show why complainants rely on the judicial system rather than alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. By employing qualitative research methodology using the doctrinal legal research method, this article concentrates on the challenges and jurisdictional limitations faced by the current FMOS framework when dealing with Conventional and Islamic banking disputes after its consolidation with SIDREC in January 2025, as well as the inadequacies in the Financial Services Act 2013 and Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 regarding its monetary jurisdiction. Moreover, this study is grounded in access to justice theory and institutional legitimacy theory to evaluate the effectiveness of the FMOS in resolving conflicts in Conventional and Islamic finance in Malaysia. These theories will also guide the comparative analysis between the FMOS and Australia's Financial Complaints Authority (AFCA). Findings reveal that the FMOS's structural and procedural constraints, including its limited jurisdiction, weak enforcement powers, and low public awareness, resulted in its inadequacy. Therefore, reforms are necessary to strengthen the FMOS's credibility and adequacy, gain public confidence, and abide by the principle of justice.
Prof. Dr. Abd. Wahib Wahab, Prof. Dr. Ir. Eymal B Demmallino, Prof. Dr. Ir. M. Farid Samawi, Rudi Toba
Implementing strategies that meet green mining requirements has become mandatory for coal and mineral operators in Indonesia. The government of Indonesia through the DEMR (Directorate of Energy, Coal and Mineral Resources) has establish the good mining practise (GMP) as one of essential reference to conduct mining activities in safest way, healthy and less of environmental harm. To be able achieve this target for implementation GMP, it will require individual and organizational maturity with a certain level of competencies to working through all the stage processes of the mining. Starting from the stage of conceptual design, development-construction, production up until final stage of mine closure. The aspect of geometallurgy and its impact from side of environmental by extracting the mine orebody will call for collaboration within the different of discipline and knowledge background ensure a good decision can be made. Having an orebody at complexity of geometallurgy may need some specific requirements of mine infrastructure enable mineral extraction and ore dressing activities at the mill site to be conducted in efficient, safest and low environmental harm. The sulphide orebody presenting multiple type of rocks at the numerous geochemical aspect who will further risk our environment at improperly handle them through the mining process. Content of high pyrites in the orebody could generate the large amount of rock acid and suffering the environment on directly release it into river. Therefore, engineering and designing of the mine along requirement infrastructures and determination of best operation scenario for properly handling the pyrites as part of extraction mineral process activities become more essential to the business. This written paper aiming exercise the complexity of geometallurgy at the Grasberg District orebody Freeport Indonesia and its determination solution for mineral extraction activities with the collaboration among different of knowledge background geologist, mining, metallurgy, environmental, economic-accounting and several others. Part of exercise to also look into the needs of level competencies along with the assessment on current availability of formal educational course supporting these requirements. Study and evaluation are being conducted through the system dynamic simulation methodology by reviewing effectiveness of process on each activity of the mining. In analyst the scenario 3 under the system dynamic simulation, it founded large of deviation at number of actual wet drawpoints compared to the plan. The plan mismatch is also extended to the volume of pyrites delivers into the mill facilities. While geotechnical aspect seems to be in well managed, the green mining concept and the GMP implementation perspectives remain on gaps that is look for improvement considering an ideal composition of skill.
Andi Asari, Haslinda Husaini, Mad Khir Johari Abdullah Sani
The rapidly evolving landscape of information technology and organizational dynamics presents both opportunities and challenges for libraries aiming to enhance their agility and responsiveness. This systematic review investigates how libraries, both academic and public, leverage IT and organizational capabilities to improve their agility. By synthesizing recent research and emerging trends, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of how these elements contribute to the effectiveness and adaptability of library services. We systematically reviewed literature published from 2010 to 2024, focusing on studies that explore the integration of IT solutions and organizational practices within library contexts. Our review encompassed a broad range of sources, including academic journals, conference proceedings, and industry reports. We applied a rigorous selection process to ensure the inclusion of high-quality, relevant studies that offer insights into the impact of technological and organizational strategies on library performance. Key findings highlight that advanced IT capabilities—such as cloud-based systems, integrated library management systems (ILMS), and data analytics—are crucial for enhancing library agility. These technologies enable libraries to manage resources efficiently, respond to user needs effectively, and adapt to emerging trends. Additionally, organizational dynamics, including leadership, organizational culture, and staff training, play a significant role in facilitating the successful integration of IT solutions and fostering an agile library environment. Our review identifies several critical factors that contribute to effective IT and organizational integration: the importance of a supportive leadership structure that champions technological innovation, the need for a culture that embraces change and fosters continuous improvement, and the value of ongoing staff training to ensure proficiency with new technologies. Moreover, the study underscores the necessity of addressing challenges such as high implementation costs, data privacy concerns, and resistance to change. This review provides practical recommendations for libraries seeking to enhance their agility through IT and organizational strategies. It suggests adopting scalable and flexible IT solutions, cultivating a culture of innovation, and investing in comprehensive staff development. The findings offer valuable insights for library practitioners and policymakers, guiding them in leveraging IT and organizational capabilities to achieve greater agility and effectiveness in serving their communities. By integrating recent advancements in technology with strategic organizational practices, libraries can better position themselves to navigate the complexities of the modern information environment, improve service delivery, and respond proactively to the evolving needs of their users.
Nor Azri Sharizal Abu Bakar, Nurfaznim Shuib, Roozita Maskun, Shazwani Mohd Salleh, Siti Murni Mat Khairi
The accelerating pace of digital transformation is fundamentally revolutionizing organizational structures and practices, yet its connection to sustainable Human Resource Management (SHRM) remains unclear. Although many organizations invest heavily in digital technologies, they often struggle to align these innovations with sustainability goals because of uneven digital competencies among employees and leaders. To address this gap, this study proposes a conceptual framework that positions digital competencies such as technological proficiency, digital literacy, cybersecurity, and AI skills as the critical mediators between digital transformation and SHRM. Using a narrative review methodology, the authors reviewed Scopus-indexed literature published between 2019 and 2025 across the fields of HRM, sustainability, and digital innovation, drawing on the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory. The findings suggest that digital transformation alone cannot drive sustainable HR outcomes; rather, its effectiveness depends on the strategic development of digital competencies at both individual and organizational levels. Specifically, these competencies enable practices such as green recruitment, eco-efficient performance management, and inclusive digital cultures. In the absence of such capabilities, organizations risk underutilizing the sustainability potential of their digital investments. Theoretically, this framework advances SHRM research by integrating digitalization into the sustainability agenda. Practically, it provides HR leaders with an actionable roadmap to prioritize digital upskilling as a means to unlock sustainable value from technology. The study concludes by calling for empirical validation of the proposed model and further investigation into contextual factors, including industry type, organizational size, and national culture, that may shape its implementation. Ultimately, this study lays the groundwork for HR systems that are not only digitally advanced but also environmentally responsible and socially equitable in the era of Industry 5.0, which is a concept denoting human-centric and sustainable technological integration.
Djihan Ryn Pratiwi, Safridah Hanum Nasution, Winni Astuti
Halophilic bacteria are extremophilic microorganisms that can optimally grow in environments with high salt concentrations. Sea water is one of the habitats of halobacteria. Isolation, characterization, and determination of the activity of crude extracts of lipase under various working conditions, the effect of metal ions, and variation of NaCl concentrations were performed. Lipase activity was determined using titrimetry. Four bacterial isolates were obtained from seawater Muara Badak, East Kalimantan, which showed fluorescent orange around the colony under UV light, with the highest activity in isolate 5 at 2.86 U/mL. The optimum working conditions of the crude extract of lipase were pH 6, temperature of 50°C, and substrate concentration of 2%.
Fitri Nurul'ain Nordin, Fudzla Suraiyya Abdul Raup, Hanis Najwa Shaharuddin, Khairubarieyah Anshar, Mohamad Rofian Ismail, Muhammad Hatta Shafri
Listening skill is a fundamental component in the acquisition of Arabic as a foreign language. However, students often face challenges in mastering this skill due to linguistic, pedagogical, and affective factors. This study was conducted to identify the level of motivation, difficulties, and psychological aspects among students in learning Arabic listening skills, as well as to examine the relationship between motivation and difficulties. A quantitative research design was employed using a questionnaire distributed to 261 students from the Social Sciences cluster at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, who were taking Arabic as a third language. Purposive sampling was used to select the respondents. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29 to obtain mean scores, standard deviations, and percentages. The findings revealed that students demonstrated a high level of motivation to master listening skills, particularly in distinguishing Arabic sounds. Nevertheless, they encountered difficulties in comprehending complex oral input such as lecturers’ lectures and faced limitations due to the lack of authentic audio materials in the teaching process. Correlation analysis indicated that there was no significant relationship between students’ motivation and their level of difficulty in learning Arabic listening skills (r = 0.051, p = 0.411). This suggests that motivation alone is not sufficient to overcome pedagogical and linguistic challenges. From an affective perspective, some students were found to have low confidence in practicing listening skills, which in turn affected their learning effectiveness. Therefore, the study suggests the integration of Augmented Reality as an innovative strategy to strengthen the teaching of Arabic listening skills through the provision of authentic materials, interactive simulations, as well as enhancing students’ motivation and confidence.
Muhammad Hussin, Noor Azzara Mohammad, Radin Siti Aishah Radin a Rahman
This study examines the well-being of micro-entrepreneurs participating in Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) in Selangor through the lens of the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF). Specifically, it analyses asset ownership, socio-economic vulnerability, resilience strategies, and their influence on well-being. A structured quantitative approach was employed, using a questionnaire distributed to 375 AIM participants across seven state constituencies: Sungai Gabai, Sungai Ramal, Sungai Chua, Sungai Tangkas, Bukit Mewah, Beranang, and Semenyih. The large sample size enhances representativeness and strengthens the reliability of statistical analysis. The findings show that both asset ownership and well-being levels are high, while socio-economic vulnerability and resilience strategies are at moderate levels. More importantly, asset ownership demonstrates a stronger influence on well-being compared to other variables, highlighting its central role in improving livelihood outcomes. This study also aligns with Malaysia’s 11th and 12th Development Plans, underscoring its policy relevance for sustainable entrepreneurship and poverty reduction.
Mohd Faiz Hadi, Nur Asmadayana Hasim, Nur Hidayah, Sarah Mohamad Yunus, Syaidatun Nazirah Abu Zahrin
Water holds profound significance in both Islamic teachings and scientific understanding, symbolizing purity, life, and health. In Islam, water is a necessity for physical survival and a key element in various spiritual practices, such as purification and prayer. Additionally, modern science recognises the vital role of water in maintaining health, including its use in therapeutic practices like hydrotherapy. This study aims to bridge these perspectives by exploring the love for clean water and hydrotherapy as recommended in the Quran and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad PBUH, and examining their alignment with contemporary scientific views. Love for clean water and hydrotherapy serve as a humble effort to create awareness among the society, industries and scholars on handling and conserving the water for the betterment of mankind. This study utilises a qualitative descriptive approach, through a critical analysis on the academic literature pertaining the subject matter. Content analysis of relevant hadiths and Quranic verses on water forms the core of the methodology. The findings reveal several key themes including the importance of water and the implication of lack of clean water, the love for water in Islamic teachings, the reference to water in the Quran and Sunnah, and the integration of hydrotherapy within Islamic science. By highlighting these connections, the study advocates for a holistic understanding of water, emphasising its spiritual, physical, and therapeutic significance of this precious resource. This study also underscores the relevance of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being). By advocating for a responsible and sustainable approach to water usage, the study bridges religious and scientific perspectives, contributing to a broader understanding of water’s role in human health and environmental sustainability.
Aminat A. Amunigun, Jacob. O. Oluwoye
Agricultural exports in Nigeria have been adversely affected by fluctuations in macroeconomic indicators. Insufficient private agricultural investment and limited public expenditure directed toward the sector have resulted in inadequate productivity and suboptimal export performance. This study investigates the macroeconomic determinants of agricultural exports in Nigeria. A multiple regression model is specified, with agricultural exports (as a percentage of total merchandise exports) as the dependent variable. The independent variables are national output (economic growth rate), inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate, and tariff rate. The analysis employs descriptive statistics, correlation, stationarity, and cointegration tests. After confirming the absence of multicollinearity, heterogeneity, autocorrelation, and nonstationarity in the time series data, the variables are deemed suitable for regression analysis. The model is estimated using ordinary least squares, and the results are interpreted at the 5% significance level. The findings indicate that all macroeconomic indicators, except the tariff rate, significantly influence agricultural exports. It is recommended that Nigerian policymakers reassess the effects of macroeconomic policies on the country's external balance, with particular attention to agricultural exports.
Nor Mas Aina Binti Md Bohari
This paper explores student's perceptions and satisfaction on teaching system analysis and design, database, and database design including DITP2213, DITP1333, BITP1323, and BITP2313 courses in both diploma and bachelor’s degree program respectively. Data used in this study were obtained from the official “Student Evaluation of Teaching” module in “Sistem Maklumat Pelajar (SMP)” of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) which consist of a total 22 semesters for years 2014 until year 2025 (Semester 1 Session, 2014/2015 to Semester 2 Session, 2024/2025) for one lecturer whereas the data were gathered circulated only from Faculty of Information and Communication Technology (FTMK), UTeM. Usually, at the end of each semester (semester 1, semester 2, and special semesters), during pre-registration of courses for next semester, all students are asked to assign teaching evaluation scores in SMP to all courses they have registered for (the scores being related to five main parts: “Knowledge & Teaching Skills”, “Teaching Preparations”, “Teaching Methods”, “Learning Assessment Method”, and “Guidance & Supervision”). Analysis of the average marks obtained from Semester 1, Session 2014/2015 until Semester 2, Session 2024/2025 indicates a constant improvement with an average grade above than 4.50 since Semester 1, Session 2020/2021 and the upward trend could be related to the lecturer adopting a reflective approach and student-centred method using Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) that fosters active involvement, critical thinking, and continuous feedback in-class experience (both during lecture session as well as laboratory/tutorial sessions). Based on descriptive statistics, and trend analysis, this study examines patterns and relationships among the evaluation scopes or components, and our findings suggest that ongoing pedagogical innovation is a significant factor regarding teaching effectiveness over time and has implications for lecturers who are interested in maintaining and advancing teaching quality.
Asilah Abdul Mutalib, Mohamed Nor Azhari Azman, Zahidah Ab-Latif, Zalina Ismail
Authentic food is genuine or traditional food that has been inherited through generations, utilizing local ingredients. It symbolizes the cultural identity of an ethnic group. This study aims to examine the relationship between authentic food and experience on place attachment among festival visitors in Kelantan. A descriptive, quantitative research design was employed, using a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0. A total of 384 respondents, consisting of visitors to food festivals in Kelantan, participated in this study. The research focused on three objectives: to determine the level of place attachment among festival visitors in Kelantan, to investigate the relationship between authentic food and place attachment, and to examine the relationship between experience and place attachment. The analysis revealed a correlation between place attachment and both authentic food (r = .658, p < .01) and experience (r = .687, p < .01). In conclusion, authentic food remains a preferred choice in contemporary society. Therefore, it is hoped that the public can preserve these traditional foods to prevent their disappearance and ensure they are maintained for future generations.
Effendi Mohamad, Ihwan Ghazali, Nasri Semiun, Tia Tanjung
Industry 4.0 represents a transformative stage in global industrial development characterized by digitalization, automation, cyber-physical systems, and data-driven production. While Malaysia continues to implement Industry 4.0 strategies through initiatives such as the Industry4WRD policy, the nation’s readiness is influenced not only by technological and infrastructural factors but also by deeply rooted cultural values. This paper presents a conceptual review exploring how Malaysia’s cultural value preferences influence its readiness for Industry 4.0 transformation, particularly within the manufacturing sector. Drawing from Hofstede’s and Schwartz’s cultural frameworks, the paper discusses how collectivism, high power distance, harmony, and long-term orientation shape managerial practices, innovation adoption, communication, and leadership in Malaysian industrial contexts. The study highlights the dual nature of cultural traits acting both as enablers and inhibitors of technological transformation. By integrating cultural considerations into the assessment of Industry 4.0 readiness, this paper proposes a culturally contextualized understanding of industrial transformation in Malaysia. It concludes by suggesting future directions for research and policy to align digitalization efforts with Malaysia’s socio-cultural realities.
Azrizal Husin, Heri Yanto, Mohd Danial Afiq Khamar Tazilah, Niswah Baroroh, Nur Hayati Abd Rahman
This study investigates whether renewable energy (RE) adoption reduces carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in Malaysia and under what conditions the effect is durable. We focus on translating empirical results into decisions for Malaysian firms and policymakers, given continuing reliance on coal-fired power and accelerating—but uneven—RE deployment. A quantitative, time-series design is employed using annual national data. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and its error-correction representation (ECM) are used to separate short-run dynamics from long-run equilibrium relationships. The dependent variable is CO₂ emissions, with RE, GDP growth (economic scale/EKC context), foreign direct investment (FDI), and forest cover as regressors. Model diagnostics address integration properties, lag selection, and stability. Results show that RE has a negative and statistically significant short-run effect on CO₂—consistent with dispatch substitution in which incremental RE output crowds out marginal coal/gas generation. Long-run elasticities for RE and forest cover are directionally negative but statistically imprecise in the baseline specification, while GDP remains emissions-increasing. The ECM coefficient is negative and significant, indicating relatively fast adjustment toward long-run equilibrium. These findings imply that Malaysia can realise near-term abatement via RE procurement and efficiency measures, but durable decarbonisation requires policy sequences that convert substitution into structural displacement—specifically, competitive RE auctions paired with storage and scheduled coal retirements, complemented by green-halo FDI and credible forest governance. The study contributes Malaysia-specific, horizon-separated evidence that informs both managerial energy procurement choices and the state’s transition planning.
Adlan Abdul Razak, Hanafi Haron, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Nur Syairah Alia Khairudeen, Nurul Soleha Mohammad Elyas Selvaraja, Syafinaz Izzaty Azamshah
Malaysia is a world producer of oil and gas industry, making it a critical sector in Malaysia, having the world's 23rd largest crude oil reserves and also 14th largest natural gas reserves. Administration is governed mainly by the Petroleum Development Act (PDA), the overall legal framework vested in the Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas), that have exclusive rights to explore, win, and obtain petroleum resources. Petronas, being owned wholly by the Malaysian government, operates under agreements concurrently with both the federal and state governments, at the current set royalty rates of 5%. This research paper analyse this legal frameworks that governs the oil and gas sector and examines the effects of royalties demanded on the industry's contributions to achieving sustainable energy goals. The paper focuses on understanding the royalty structures and rates, which, at its core, impact all investment decisions, innovation, and the transition to renewable energy sources within Malaysia's energy landscape. The methodology applied involves a comprehensive review of all relevant laws, regulations, and current policies pertaining to the oil and gas sector in Malaysia. Key findings indicate that current royalty structures in Malaysia's oil and gas sector indeed have significant implications for sustainable energy development. Impact of these royalties on both federal and state levels, highlighting further their potential in enhancing state revenue, while raising possible deterrence of energy production and affecting long-term sustainability. The study highlights the importance of aligning royalty policies with sustainable energy objectives. The paper also addresses the issue by recommending the best practices from other countries with successful oil and gas frameworks that Malaysia could adopt.
Noorlailahusna Mohd Yusof, Suziana Mat Yasin
The study examines the multidimensional components that define age-friendly communities and their role in supporting aging in place. Drawing upon a synthesis of international literature and conceptual frameworks, it maps out the critical domains that contribute to the creation of environments where older adults can live independently, safely, and meaningfully. The study identifies four interrelated components that form the foundation of age-friendly communities: the built environment, community engagement, social support systems, and housing options. The built environment emphasizes accessibility, safety, and connectivity, enabling mobility and participation. Community engagement promotes inclusivity, social interaction, and a sense of belonging through active civic involvement and intergenerational connection. Social support systems provide essential health, emotional, and care services that enhance the well-being and resilience of older adults. Housing options highlight the importance of affordability, adaptability, and accessibility to accommodate diverse needs and life stages. Together, these elements demonstrate that the success of aging in place depends on the integration of physical infrastructure, social participation, and supportive policy frameworks. The conceptual mapping highlights the importance of cross-sector collaboration, community co-production, and technological innovation in strengthening age-friendly initiatives. By presenting a holistic synthesis of these components, this study offers insights for policymakers, urban planners, and community stakeholders in developing sustainable and inclusive environments that enable older adults to thrive in familiar settings, thereby fostering independence, dignity, and social inclusion throughout the ageing process.
Khoula Khan, Noor Aireen Ibrahim, Ungku Khairunnisa Ungku Mohd Nordin
This article undertakes a comparative analysis of transgender representation in Pakistani mainstream television and alternative cinema through the case studies of Guru (2023) and Joyland (2022). Using representation theory and framing analysis, the study explores how costume, makeup, body language, camera techniques, and sound construct visual narratives of transgender identities across the two media. Findings reveal that Guru, produced for a mass television audience under censorship and cultural regulation, leans on stylized gender markers, exaggerated gestures, and externalized camera gazes that risk reinforcing stereotypes and social distance. In contrast, Joyland, operating within the cinematic medium and aimed at both local and international audiences, adopts an intimate visual language: naturalistic styling, empathetic close-ups, and performative dance sequences foreground individuality, vulnerability, and agency. The study argues that television, as a mainstream medium, tends to reinforce dominant cultural scripts, while cinema allows for more nuanced and humanized portrayals. By highlighting the role of the media in shaping transgender visibility, this article underscores the need for more authentic and inclusive representation within Pakistan’s mainstream media landscape.
Dr. Peter Gituma Kimathi, Dr. Rael Mwirigi, Moses Kimanthi Bundi
Savings and Credit Cooperatives (SACCOs) in Kenya are instrumental in Gross domestic product (GDP) growth and uplifting the livelihoods of the people through job creation, poverty eradication by enhancing financial inclusion. Despite having a huge potential for growth SACCOs in Nairobi City County have witnessed a decline in performance. While most of the SACCOs in Nairobi City County have started adopting various innovations, it is apparent from the performance that they are yet to harness well on these marketing innovation strategies to improve their performance. The general objective of this study will be to establish the effect of marketing innovation on performance of SACCOs in Nairobi City County. This study will be anchored on Schumpeter theory of innovation, dynamic capability theory and resource based view theory. Descriptive research design will be adopted with a population of 177 SACCOs in Nairobi City County. The study will adopt a census technique and the respondents will be 177 chief executive officers in the SACCOs. Data will be collected using a closed-ended questionnaire and will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 28.0. Cronbach’s alpha will be used to test reliability. Construct validity will be tested using regression analysis. The content validity will be done through research supervisors who will check if the research instrument captures all the relevant aspects to answer the research questions. The pilot study will involve 18 respondents from 18 SACCOs in Kiambu County which constitute ten percent of the targeted managers Simple and multiple regression analysis will be done to establish the relationship between variables. Correlation analysis will be used to test the strength of the relationship between variables. Data will be presented using tables and figures. T-test and F- test will be used to test hypothesis at 5% significance level. The study results indicate that marketing innovation has a positive and significant effect on performance and therefore, SACCOs should adopt innovative marketing strategies that enhance visibility, attract new members, and strengthen member loyalty. This study is expected to add value to the policy makers within the SACCOs sector such as SASRA in coming up with policies that promote marketing innovations. Academicians can utilize findings from studies on SACCO’s innovation to inform policymakers about the challenges and opportunities faced by these organizations.
Dr Batiibwe Marjorie Kabuye, Dr. Henry Ampeire Kariisa, Dr. Roberts O. Wandera, Makhulo Anthony
Mathematics engagement occurs when the student engages in the activity that is directed towards doing mathematics, learning mathematics, completing mathematics tasks and participating in school mathematics. This study aimed at establishing the relationship between Mathematics Self-Efficacy Sources and engagement among secondary school students in Nyimbwa Sub-county in Luweero District, Uganda. It specifically intended to examine the relationship between mastery experience and mathematical engagement of students, determine the relationship between vicarious experience and mathematical engagement of students, establish the relationship between verbal persuasion and mathematical engagement of students and examine the relationship between physiological state and mathematical engagement of students. The study adopted a cross-sectional correlational research design. A sample of 240 respondents participated in the study. Data were collected from primary sources. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation to determine the relationship between different variables. Findings revealed that mastery experience relates to mathematics engagement among secondary school students, vicarious experience relates negatively to mathematical engagement among secondary school students, verbal persuasion relates positively with mathematics engagement among secondary school students and that physiological state relate with mathematical engagement among secondary school students in Nyimbwa Sub-county in Luweero District. The study recommends that Government needs to educate and sensitize the mathematics teachers to cater for their students’ wellbeing, carry out effective teaching to enable them have mastery experience in order to get engaged in mathematics and excel in their academics.
Adele Mcilo, Tadiwanashe Burukai Matutu
Menstruation has long been confined to the margins of public discourse, treated as a biological function rather than a social and justice concern. Yet, emerging feminist and decolonial public health scholarship demands a reframing: that menstrual health is central to human dignity, equality, and development. Drawing from community-based research conducted in rural Zimbabwe, this opinion article argues that menstrual justice requires going beyond the distribution of products and facilities. It demands confronting the social, cultural, and religious architectures that regulate female bodies, silence young women, and reproduce gender hierarchies. Grounded in the PEN 3 cultural model and feminist praxis, the paper calls for a reimagined approach to menstrual health that locates culture as both a site of oppression and liberation. It contends that achieving menstrual equity in Africa will depend not on importing Western hygiene solutions, but on centering local epistemologies, feminist dialogue, and community led innovation.
Fely V. Alajar, Julie Ann A. Orobia
This study is a metatheoretical analysis, or metacritique, that examines existing research on P-pop culture, particularly the fandom of the girl group BINI (BLOOMs), to articulate a Filipino-oriented framework of cultural criticism. Instead of relying on empirical data, the study critiques the theories, arguments, and methodologies used to conceptualize fandom as a domain of contemporary popular culture. Drawing on Mirzoeff’s Visual Culture Theory (2015) and Jenkins’ Participatory Culture Theory (2006) as external lenses, and the Filipino Psychology of Enriquez (1992) and Covar (1997) as the internal grounding perspective, the study reveals that dominant interpretations remain shaped by Western epistemologies. However, these can be localized and enriched through loob, damdamin, and pakikipagkapwa, which function as indigenous analytical categories. The study proposes the P-pop Metacritique Framework, a model that bridges global theories with Filipino sensibilities, underscoring that a Filipino metacritique is rooted in interiority, affect, and relationality.
Farah Adibah Che Ishak, Haslina Hussein, Siti Fatimah Mohamad
This paper presents a methodological reflection on conducting qualitative research during uncertain periods, drawing from the experience of a study undertaken with chefs in Malaysia’s hotel sector during the COVID 19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to examine how researchers can maintain methodological rigor, ethical sensitivity, and reflexivity when traditional fieldwork is constrained by external disruptions. The discussion highlights the challenges faced, the adaptive strategies employed, and the lessons learned from conducting research during an environment of uncertainty. A qualitative case study approach guided by the interpretivist paradigm was used to explore the lived experiences of ten chefs working in Klang Valley hotels. Semi structured interviews were conducted virtually through online platforms such as Zoom and Google Meet to overcome restrictions on physical access. Data management and analysis involved iterative coding, reflective journaling, and maintaining an audit trail to ensure transparency and dependability. Regular discussions with academic supervisors and validation with participants enhanced the credibility of the study and reduced interpretive bias. This methodological reflection identifies three central lessons. First, adaptability is essential for preserving the quality and depth of qualitative inquiry in disrupted contexts. Second, reflexivity and empathy are critical in developing rapport and ethical awareness in virtual environments. Third, methodological flexibility enables researchers to transform limitations into opportunities for innovation and learning. The paper concludes that qualitative research can remain credible, rigorous, and contextually meaningful when guided by preparedness, reflection, and a human centered approach. The lessons derived from this experience provide valuable implications for future research undertaken in similarly uncertain or crisis driven conditions.
Amylia Natasha Ariffin, Gurprit Singh Sarjit Singh, Hadirah Azrul, Mohd Haris Abdul Rani, Qurratu ‘Aini Mohd Yussof
This article aims to investigate the phenomenon of quiet quitting from the context of modern employment laws where employees who will only engage in minimal work effort, thus meeting only the bare minimum expectations and disengaging from extra discretionary effort, which is often seen as a form of resistance against escalating productivity demands. It critically evaluates whether such disengagement is an act of silent resistance or a breach of employment contract. The paper examines the issue of employee rights, productivity goals, as well as the interaction of employment law, besides offering a framework for evaluating the social and legal ramifications of this trend. This is in order to comprehend how different jurisdictions handle quiet quitting and its possible repercussions for both employers and employees, the article draws on case studies, international legal perspectives, and empirical research. In addition to making sure that workplace cultures and legal frameworks change in a way that supports safe and effective working conditions, the paper offers some suggestions for addressing the root causes of silent resignation.
Ashraf Alomoush, Bambang Pudjoatmodjo, Mohamad Izwan Aiman Mohammad Saidi, Mohd Hafizan Musa, Sazilah Salam
Having strong math abilities is a necessary skill for a child to succeed and do well in school. It will present a challenge to students who struggle to process numbers and solve mathematical problems, such as children with dyscalculia. In order to solve this issue, this study offers Subtraction Quest, a 3D platformer game made especially to help children in the 8 to 9-year-old age range develop their subtraction abilities. The game offers a dynamic and entertaining learning experience by fusing entertaining gameplay with instructive materials. Subtraction Quest has two unique stages. The first stage will test players' comprehension of subtraction symbols, and the second will test them by having them answer word problems and basic arithmetic issues. Developed with Unity, the game makes use of educational psychology concepts to improve motivation and learning memory. The effectiveness of the game in enhancing students' subtraction abilities was evaluated through testing. System Usability Scale (SUS), along with pre- and post-tests, was employed to assess user satisfaction with the developed game and evaluate students’ performance following gameplay. The results indicate an increase in children's confidence and a strong desire to repeatedly engage with the game. Subtraction Quest can be a valuable tool for educators and parents who are trying to help their children who are having difficulty with this basic mathematical operation by making subtraction practice enjoyable and engaging. Future enhancements may include making the information more age-appropriate and extending the game's coverage of other arithmetic operations.
AYENI, Abdulhakeem Adeyemi, IBRAHIM, Kamaluddeen F.A., POPOOLA, Muhammad Lanre
Audit Quality is a crucial instrument for ensuring transparency and accountability in both the public and private sectors. This study sought to investigate the moderating role of CEO gender on the relationship between audit quality and growth of federal teaching hospitals in Nigeria. The population of the study consists of twenty-one (21) federal teaching hospitals in Nigeria and the twenty (21) were selected as sample due to sparsity of data. Secondary data were collected from audited annual reports and accounts of the selected federal teaching hospitals from 2015 to 2022 and were analyzed using Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) Estimate. Among the findings are that auditor’s knowledge has a positive significance on growth, while the auditor’s tenure is positively significant with growth. CEO gender, however, do not significantly moderate the relationship between audit tenure and growth as it does for auditor’s knowledge as a measure of audit quality. The study recommends that federal teaching hospitals in Nigeria should focus more on auditor’s knowledge or specialization in the public health sector when making decisions on appointment of external auditors.
Abalaka, Dorcas Eleojo, Aza, Solomon Mamgba, Lambe, Isaac
The market value of firms in Nigeria remains highly sensitive to corporate governance dynamics, particularly the structure of ownership and the incentives provided to executive management. This study examined the moderating role of executive compensation in the relationship between dispersed ownership and foreign ownership structures and the market value of listed consumer and industrial goods firms in Nigeria. The study population consists of twenty-one (21) listed consumer and thirteen (13) industrial goods firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group as of December 31, 2024. A purposive sampling technique was used to select twenty-six (26) firms with consistent disclosures over fifteen years (2010–2024). Employing a longitudinal panel research design, the study utilized panel least squares and panel EGLS (random effects) regression analysis through E-Views 13 software. The results revealed that dispersed ownership percentage has a positive and significant effect on price to book value, while foreign ownership percentage does not exert a statistically significant influence on price to book value. However, after their interaction with executive compensation, findings show that dispersed ownership has a positive and statistically significant effect on price to book value, while Foreign ownership has a negative but insignificant effect on the price to book value. The study concludes that executive compensation has a significant relationship with the moderating effect of dispersed ownership, but an insignificant effect on foreign ownership on the firm value of listed consumer and industrial goods firms in Nigeria. The study recommended that boards adopt performance-contingent compensation schemes and that regulatory bodies enforce greater disclosure of ownership-incentive alignments to improve market valuation and promote sustainable governance outcomes in Nigeria's consumer and industrial goods firms.
Arvin C. Cabrera, Christian Carr DG. Tac-an, Ma. Magdalena V. Gatdula
Financial management often becomes challenging when individuals must monitor multiple accounts, track daily expenses, and collaborate on shared financial goals. Unmet financial goals may lead to financial stress not only in the individual level but to families, partners, and friends as well. To address this need, this study developed Moneyge It, a mobile application designed to provide both personal and collaborative expense tracking. The project adopted the Prototyping Model, emphasizing iterative development from requirements gathering to deployment. Using React Native, SQLite, Firebase Authentication, and Firestore, the application was built to ensure accessibility, secure storage, and real-time synchronization. The resulting system enables users to log and categorize expenses, manage up to six accounts, and share trackers with family members, partners, or peers. Beyond its technical contributions, the app fosters financial literacy by encouraging record-keeping and reducing impulsive spending. While the project successfully delivered a functional application, it was limited to system development, with no user testing conducted. Future research may extend the work by evaluating usability and exploring advanced financial analytics.
Dita Fischl, Smadar Ben-Asher
This article explores the concept of motherhood and social inclusion in psychological and social contexts in a case study of a mother raising a child with special needs (ASD). The psychological context refers to the emotional “container” that provides support and protection for both mother and child. The social context refers to the reduction of barriers that enable participation, engagement, and acceptance within a new community. Adopting a self-narrative approach, the study employs deductive content analysis using bricolage methods in content analysis and the discussion (Kincheloe et al., 2011; Ben-Asher, 2021). The analysis revealed three key insights from content analysis results: the mother’s ability to include her son is grounded in her capability to self-acceptance; Self-acceptance here is shaped by external social norms and personal (inner) traits, that influenced the mother's sense of belonging and integration into a new community; Personality traits, particularly self-criticism, was found to be significant in shaping experiences of motherhood containment and social inclusion.
Lindy C. Lulab, Precious Pearl Y. Estrada
The study aimed to determine the significant relationship between motivation and computer self-efficacy in teaching quality. This research used a quantitative descriptive correlational design to investigate the relationship of the three variables; there were 120 public elementary teacher participants. Random selection was used to choose the respondents in this study. Data utilized in this study were gathered through adapted and modified questionnaires that were validated by experts, undergone reliability test and pilot testing. Mean, standard deviation and Pearson correlation coefficient were among the statistical tools used. The result of the study showed that the level of motivation of teachers has an overall rating that was described as very high. Similarly, the level of computer self-efficacy of teachers has an overall mean that was described as very high. The level of teaching quality among teachers has an overall mean that was described as excellent. The findings revealed that the null hypothesis was rejected except for intrinsic and fostering effective relationships and basic computer skills. It is concluded that motivation and computer self-efficacy of public elementary teachers affect their teaching quality. It is recommended that school administrators may strengthen teachers’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and may be given abundant support on computer skills through comprehensive hands-on seminars and trainings in media related skills and web-based skills. School principals may design and implement effective motivators and training workshops.
Modebelu Melody N (PhD), Ogwo-agu, Jacinta Nkemejina (PhD)
The study ascertained the relationship between motivational and stress management factors of emotional intelligence and teachers’ instructional leadership in public secondary schools in South East, Nigeria. The study adopted a correlational survey design. Two research questions and two null hypotheses formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. The population of the study comprised 16023 male and female teachers in the 1140 public secondary schools in 21 education zones in five states in the South Eastern States of Nigeria. The sample for this study comprised 381 teachers from all the five states in South East Nigeria. The sample is determined using Taro Yamen's 1973 formula, which is suitable for estimating population proportions with a specified degree of accuracy. The instrument for data collection were three sets of the researcher’s self-developed questionnaire titled; “Motivational and Stress Management Factor Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire ((MSMFEIQ) and Teachers’ Instructional Leadership(TILQ)”. The instruments for data collection were validated by three experts, two from the Department of Educational Management and one from Science Education, majored in Test and Evaluation all from Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. Cronbach alpha statistic was used to determine the internal consistency of MSMFEIQ and TILQ which yielded an index of .75, and 81 for (MSMFEIQ, and TILQ respectively. Five briefed Research Assistants helped in the administration and collection of the instruments. Data collected were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation to answer the research questions while linear Regression statistics was used to test all the null hypotheses. Based on the result of the analysis, the study finds that; Motivational factor of emotional intelligence significantly to a positive very high extent correlate with teachers’ instructional leadership in public secondary schools in South East; that Stress management motivational factor of emotional intelligence significantly to a positive very high extent correlate with teachers’ instructional leadership in public secondary schools in South East.Based on the findings of the study, the researchers recommended that Government and school administrations should devise strategies for regular motivation of teachers in their respective schools through enhanced incentives, allowances and awards.
Caithlene Jophiel R. Perez, Dondon Buensuceso
This study investigates the relationship between music aptitude and music achievement among second-grade learners and its implications for the development of teacher-support materials. The respondents consist of 156 second-grade learners enrolled in Term 2 at Thai-Singapore International School during the academic year of 2022-2023. The Primary Measure of Music Audiation was used to assess music aptitude in terms of tonal and rhythm, while Term 1 grades were obtained from progress report cards. Statistical analysis includes the T-test and the Pearson product-moment coefficient for testing significant differences and correlations, respectively. Findings revealed that according to the profile, the respondents performed well in Music in Term 1, with the majority receiving the highest possible grade. The second-grade learners at Thai-Singapore International School may have stronger tonal aptitude than rhythm aptitude. However, it was important to note that the two aspects of music were interrelated, and overall music aptitude was a combination of both tonal and rhythm aptitude. Gender did not play a significant role in determining tonal aptitude. However, there was a significant difference in music aptitude between learners with a very good grade in music and those with a good grade in music. Based on these findings, the study proposes the development of teacher-support materials, including lesson plans and instructional resources, specifically designed to improve the level of music aptitude of second-grade learners.
Faizah Mohd Fakhruddin, Mohamad Fahim Azman Ab Jalal, Mohd Norman Noh, Nor Ezan Samad, Ruzanna Mohamed, Safwan Shaari
Despite the growing importance of advanced education for career progression, part-time postgraduate students often face numerous obstacles that impact their academic and professional lives. These challenges encompass social, economic, political, and psychological dimensions, reflecting a complex interplay of challenges within and outside the workplace. The primary objective of this research is to explore the challenges experienced by part-time postgraduate government employees in Malaysia. Utilizing a qualitative approach and case study design, data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with five informants, and thematic analysis was employed to identify prominent themes. The findings reveal four key themes, i.e., social, political, economic, and psychological challenges. Social challenges emerge in the form of people's expectations, work overload, work-life balance issues, and age-related factors. Inequitable access to government financial support is identified as the primary political challenge. Economic challenges include budget prioritization and sacrifices, as well as economic instability and the need for supplemental income. Lastly, psychological challenges encompass stress, burnout, and cognitive strain. This study recommends the development of flexible scholarship schemes targeted at part-time government employees, the enhancement of psychological support services, and the implementation of institutional policies that promote a work-study balance.
Joelyn A. Lajo, John Ralph I. Fayo, Ma Joyce S. Salas, Trexy Mae S. Escobro
This study explores the lived experiences of parents raising para-athletes, highlighting their challenges, coping mechanisms, and societal interactions. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were gathered through in-depth interviews with six parents from the 1st District of Capiz, Philippines. Findings reveal that while parents encounter financial, emotional, and social struggles, they employ various coping strategies, including advocacy, community support, and resilience. The study underscores the need for improved governmental and institutional support systems to enhance the quality of life for para-athletes and their families.
Baby Bea B. Delicana, Daphnie Keth O. Almodal, Justin Mae S. Piano, Mercy O. Caba-ong
Sex work remains one of the most contested forms of labor globally oscillating between criminalization, victimization, and agency. In the Philippines, despite legal prohibitions, the sex trade persists under conditions of poverty, gendered inequality, and social stigma. This qualitative criminological study examines how female sex workers (FSWs) in Salug Valley, Zamboanga del Sur navigate vulnerability, social control, and deviance through coping strategies that reflect resilience within constrained socio-legal systems. Using a transcendental phenomenological design, six legally adult FSWs were interviewed through semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis revealed twelve interrelated themes clustered into three dimensions: structural vulnerabilities (economic precarity, client exploitation, social marginalization, health risks), adaptive coping strategies (forbearance, secrecy, selective disregard, healthcare access), and aspirational goals (children’s education, financial stability, personal transformation). The findings revealed that sex work operates as both a survival mechanism and a locus of structural control where law, morality, and gendered power intersect. Despite experiencing stigmatization and violence, participants exhibited agency and resilience, constructing moral rationalities to reclaim dignity. This study contributes to criminological discourse by illuminating how deviance, as socially defined, becomes intertwined with survival strategies in marginalized communities. It advocates for harm-reduction and rights-based policies that treat sex workers as social agents rather than offenders, emphasizing welfare, mental health, and safety within frameworks of social justice.
Aniszahura Abu Salim, Joemmaicca Augustta Joggery, Kamariah Hussein, Noor Siah Abd Aziz, Rozila Ibrahim, Siti Fatimah Md. Shariff, Zaimatul Ruhaizah Kamarazaman, Zuraida Jorkasi
Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) remain one of the most significant occupational hazards among nurses, exposing them to blood-borne pathogens and psychological distress. This systematic review synthesised evidence from 15 empirical and review papers published between 2012 and 2025, focusing on the prevalence, associated factors, knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and occupational safety and health (OSH) measures associated with NSIs among nurses and closely related healthcare groups. A PRISMA-informed process was applied to a comprehensive search across Google Scholar, PubMed, and MEDLINE, which initially identified 1,265 records; following screening and eligibility assessment, 15 studies met inclusion criteria. The included studies, conducted across Asia, the Middle East, and Europe, consistently showed that NSIs are highly prevalent, frequently under-reported, and closely linked to gaps in training, inconsistent adherence to standard precautions, and system-level challenges such as weak reporting systems and limited follow-up of exposed workers. Knowledge and awareness of NSI prevention were generally moderate, yet gaps persisted in actual practice, including safe injection behaviours, sharps disposal, incident reporting, and post-exposure management. Only a minority of studies examined structured OSH prevention strategies comprehensively. Overall, the findings highlight the urgent need for multifaceted OSH programs integrating safety-engineered devices, continuous education, strengthened reporting mechanisms, and institutional support to effectively protect nurses.
Isyaku Hassan, Mohammad Azizie Aziz, Mohd Fauzi Abdul Hamid, Shamsul Aiman Mua’mar Shamsul Bahrin
Arabic poetry constitutes a vital domain for appreciating the linguistic elegance and cultural legacy of the Arab world, particularly within the framework of contemporary education. To cultivate profound appreciation and understanding, teaching and learning (T&L) methods must be interactive, engaging, and responsive to current technological advancements. This study seeks to analyze the needs pertaining to the design and development of an Arabic poetry learning module based on augmented reality (AR) technology. The research adopts a Design and Development Research (DDR) methodology, employing the McKinsey 7S Model as the theoretical framework. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire designed to explore several dimensions: the use of learning materials in Arabic poetry courses, challenges in existing pedagogical approaches, students’ predisposition towards the adoption of innovation in learning, the perceived necessity for AR technology, proficiency in Arabic poetry, and students' insights through open-ended responses. The study involved 177 undergraduate students of Arabic Language Studies who were either currently enrolled in or had completed the Jahili and Islamic Arabic poetry courses. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), focusing on descriptive statistics such as mean scores and standard deviations. The findings indicate that the integration of AR technology into Arabic poetry instruction holds significant potential to enhance student engagement and facilitate a deeper, more effective understanding of poetic content.
Angeline P. Dinoro, Elesar V. Malicoban, Ellen J. Castro, Monera A. Salic-Hairulla, Soraya M. Samsodin, Vanjoreeh A. Madale
Scientific literacy is a critical skill in the 21st century, yet many Filipino learners struggle to comprehend scientific concepts due to poor reading comprehension and limited access to engaging instructional materials. This study aimed to assess the needs for developing an Interactive Digital Storybook (IDS) as a supplementary tool for teaching Mixtures and Their Characteristics among Grade 6 learners. Utilizing a descriptive quantitative design with qualitative support, the research focused on the Define Phase of the 4D Model. Six in-service science teachers from a public elementary school in the West I District of Iligan City served as key informants, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a validated Needs Assessment Questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Findings revealed that learners encounter significant difficulties in understanding mixtures due to the abstract and conceptual nature of the topic, limited visual and hands-on learning experiences, and persistent misconceptions. Teachers reported challenges such as lack of engaging and contextualized materials, low reading comprehension among learners, and limited access to technology. Despite minimal familiarity with digital storybooks, teachers perceived IDS as a useful, engaging, and motivating instructional tool that could enhance comprehension and accessibility in science learning. The study concludes that there is a strong need to design and develop an IDS aligned with curriculum standards to promote inclusive, interactive, and literacy-integrated science instruction, forming a foundation for the succeeding phases of the IDS development process.
Ariel O. Ellare, Arlene R. Alcopra, Haniya H. S. Cali, Joy R. Magsayo, Monera A. Salic-Hairulla, Vanjoreeh A. Madale
Teaching protein synthesis poses persistent challenges to both teachers and learners in senior high school biology due to its abstract, sequential, and molecular nature. This study aimed to conduct a needs assessment to identify the instructional challenges encountered by Grade 12 STEM teachers and to determine the pedagogical supports required to enhance student understanding. Using a qualitative-descriptive design, data were collected from five in-service science teachers through a validated needs assessment questionnaire adapted from Hadji Shaeef (2023). Thematic analysis based on Braun and Clarke’s (2006) framework revealed five major themes: (1) the importance of protein synthesis, (2) teaching strategies currently used, (3) student learning difficulties, (4) storybooks as an emerging pedagogical tool, and (5) additional resources and support needed. Findings indicate that while teachers recognize protein synthesis as a core concept in molecular biology, students struggle to distinguish between transcription and translation and to visualize molecular interactions. Teachers commonly use lectures, PowerPoint presentations, and animations, but acknowledge the need for contextualized and engaging materials. They expressed strong support for developing storybooks integrated with the 7E model to simplify abstract processes and enhance engagement. Results from this assessment provide the empirical foundation for designing and developing innovative instructional materials that align with teachers’ and students’ needs.
Zarith Delaila Abd Aziz
SMEs continue to serve as a cornerstone of economic development and growth across nations. Their success is closely linked to the effectiveness of networking activities and support services (incubator and accelerator). A conceptual framework and proposed methodology will be presented in this paper to access the impact of networking and support services (incubator and accelerator) on the business performance among SMEs in Selangor, Malaysia. The proposed conceptual research offers valuable guidance for scholars seeking to evaluate the influence of networking and support service mechanisms on SME outcomes, also providing critical insights in designing targeted initiatives that foster SME growth and sustainability particularly for stakeholders and policymakers.
Chenie May R. Sumande, Luningning M. Mendoza, Mamerto C. Mendoza
Due to the increasing cases of gender-based sexual harassment in public spaces, online platforms, workplaces, and educational or training institutions, this study was conducted to assess the extent of students’ understanding of the Republic Act 11313 and to give insights that may guide future gender sensitivity programs and policy implementations in higher education institutions. The researchers employed survey research design and conducted in the Occidental Mindoro State College Sablayan Campus in Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro. The respondents were 292 CCJE students of the said campus. Validated survey questionnaire was used as instrument of the study and were administered through online using google form. In data analysis, frequency, percentage and mean were utilized in this study. This study found that most of the respondents were 21-25 years old, BS Industrial Security Management students, first year college and belonged to lower class socio- economic status. Moreover, the respondents were very aware and fully understand the Republic Act 11313 and its key provisions.
Emmanuel Ekosse, Sixbert Sangwa
From 2015 to 2025, many universities across OECD systems adopted playful or game-informed methods to lift engagement. Yet large-scale indicators question their contribution to adult mastery. Objective: To interrogate whether playful learning strengthens or dilutes adult development in higher education, with special attention to delayed retention, transfer, resilience, and labour-market readiness. Methods: We synthesise secondary data from the OECD’s second Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) and U.S. releases by NCES, triangulate employer surveys on graduate readiness, and integrate recent meta-analyses on gamification/game-based learning and cognitive load. Results: OECD and NCES report that adult literacy and numeracy largely declined or stagnated over the past decade, with U.S. averages lower in 2023 than in 2017, and a distribution shift toward lower proficiency levels. Employers in 2024–2025 increasingly report shortfalls in resilience, self-awareness, and communication among new graduates. Meta-analytically, playful/game-based designs raise near-term engagement but show modest, context-dependent effects on achievement and limited evidence of superior delayed retention or transfer. Conclusions: In adult higher education, play is not a pedagogical end. Absent robust evidence of medium, durable learning gains, overt game mechanics should remain constrained and cognitively disciplined. Implications: We propose an adult-fit standard: cap explicit game mechanics unless independent evaluations demonstrate ≥0.20 SD gains on delayed outcomes, interpreted with contemporary benchmarks for education effects and accompanied by cognitive-load safeguards and reflective debriefs that convert “safe failure” into real resilience. Supporting evidence and sources are current to December 2024–May 2025.
John Juliano Sileti, Nkomo Sikhangezile
This qualitative research study was conducted within the constructivist framework to investigate the teaching practices, strategies, and techniques employed by preschool teachers in fostering early literacy skills among preschool-aged children. The study emphasized the importance of early literacy development and the role of teachers in enhancing children’s skills. Data was generated through in-depth interviews with preschool teachers, and the data obtained from the participants were content analyzed. The results of the analysis revealed the effectiveness of various instructional practices, such as dialogic reading, storytelling, and interactive learning activities. These strategies were found to effectively prepare children for primary school and enhance their readiness for learning. Additionally, the participating preschool teachers recommended several measures to improve early literacy instruction, including acknowledging and accommodating individual learning paces, improving the home-school connection, providing greater teaching resources, and enhancing professional development opportunities. However, the study also identified financial challenges and limited access to educational materials as barriers to effective teaching. The findings of this study suggest the need for further research to explore preschool teachers’ knowledge and understanding of early literacy.
Gladys S. Escarlos, Jelmar S. Campion, Jocel P. Sumayang
The study of Johnsons’ Collaborative Learning Model and its significance in developing a collaborative working environment within the school community is the focus of this paper. This is based from the study David W. Johnson and Roger T. Johnson, where it highlights the importance of positive interdependence, individual accountability, promotive interaction, social skills, and group processing. The study measures how these attributes contribute to improved cooperation among teachers, administrators, and students, leading to better academic performance and professional relationships. Using a descriptive research design, data were collected through surveys and interviews from selected educators and school staff. Based from the results, they reveal that a strong collaborative culture not only improves teaching effectiveness but also factors to mutual respect, shared responsibility, and a supportive school atmosphere. Collaboration was found to increase motivation, creativity, and problem-solving capacities within the educational setting. The study summarizes that implementing Johnsons’ Collaborative Learning Model is essential in building a cohesive, engaged, and productive school community where learning is viewed as a shared endeavor.
Cheng Haibao
Learning Management Systems (LMS) have become pivotal in higher education worldwide, yet many college students underutilize these platforms. This conceptual literature-based review explores the obstacles hindering LMS adoption from a global perspective. Drawing on recent peer-reviewed studies (2020–2025), we examine key technology adoption theories – including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT) – to frame the discussion. We then review common challenges students face with LMS adoption, such as the digital divide, low self-efficacy, system usability issues, insufficient motivation, and cultural or institutional barriers. The discussion synthesizes these insights, identifying recurring themes: technological infrastructure gaps, individual user readiness, and organizational support deficiencies. The conclusion highlights implications for universities and policymakers – recommending enhanced infrastructure, training, and supportive policies – and suggests avenues for future research to improve LMS uptake and continued use across diverse educational contexts. Key findings indicate that despite the ubiquity of LMS in higher education, strategic interventions are needed to address persistent barriers and ensure that these systems realize their full potential in enhancing student learning.
Dr. Engr. Md. Zakir Hossain Khan
This paper examines a curious copper coin described as a “half-rupee” struck in the name of Shah Alam II (r. 1760-1806) under the jurisdiction of the Bengal Presidency of British India, which appears outside the standard catalogue specifications for the silver half-rupee series of the Presidency. By situating this specimen in the broader framework of Bengal Presidency minting, the Mughal-British political interface, and the transitional coinage systems of late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century eastern India, this study argues that the piece is best viewed as an off-metal strike (OMS) or experimental issue reflecting fiscal pressures, metallurgical irregularities, and the evolving monetary regime of the region. After a review of Bengal Presidency coinage under the East India Company and Mughal suzerainty, the paper offers a typological and metallurgical discussion of the copper anomaly, considers possible causes (metal shortage, overstriking, experimental alloys), and assesses its significance for numismatic scholarship and monetary history. The conclusion calls for further metallurgical analysis and hoard studies to clarify the circulation status of such anomalies.
Gianluca Mariano Colella, Giovanna Maciariello, Maura Perrone
Today, with the spread of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), adolescents experience onlife lifestyles, where the boundaries between online and offline experiences are increasingly blurred. Social media platforms serve as a privileged spaces for identity exploration and relationship-building, offering opportunities for socialization, learning, and self-fulfillment. However, intensive use of these platforms exposes adolescents to significant risks, including cyberbullying, social isolation, and body image insecurities. On the one hand, adolescents may feel fragile and exposed to the judgment of others; on the other, they may adopt bold or performative behaviors to gain approval and social status. A central theme in contemporary discourse is the “multiple bodies syndrome”, the conflict between a teenager’s real-life identity and their curated digital personas, where the real self and ideal self-clash in online self-presentation through curated avatars and digital personas. Perceived attractiveness plays a crucial role in this conflict: social media platforms encourage the creation of highly curated and idealized images, often far from reality, fueling a cycle of comparison and dissatisfaction. This phenomenon can negatively affect self-perception, widening the gap between digital and physical identity. This paper aims to explore the psychological implications of these dynamics, examining their impact on adolescents’ mental health and social relationships through a preliminary review of the literature. Promoting a mindful use of social media and developing socio-emotional literacy strategies are essential to addressing the challenges faced by an increasingly interconnected generation.
Suliadi Firdaus Sufahani, Vevina Yau Jing Rou
The quick growth of e-commerce has significantly increased demand for courier services, creating pressure on logistics infrastructure to manage delivery operations efficiently. This study focuses on the optimization of courier delivery routes for GDex Express to determine the optimal delivery route based on distance and time travelled among hubs in Johor. Mixed Integer Programming, Genetic Algorithm, and Ant Colony Optimization were proposed in this study in order to solve the travelling salesman problem (TSP) by using Python software. This study mainly focuses on 13 GDex Express delivery hubs in Johor with the data based on total distance travelled and average time travelled that selected into three different time periods at 8.00 a.m., 1.00 p.m. and 6.00 p.m. for weekdays and weekends. There are two optimal delivery routes generated respectively in terms of total distance travelled and average time travelled. The results shows that Mixed Integer Programming provided optimal solution as benchmarking, while Genetic Algorithm outperformed Ant Colony Optimization in comparing which algorithm is more closer to the optimal solution. Thus, this study provides solutions to the GDex Express in order to improving the delivery effectiveness and reducing the operating costs by reducing the travel time and distance.
Ajans Samuel J, Julliyan Dilleban A., Sharu Latha Binu A J., Thenraja Sankar., Venkateshan Narayanan.
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into clinical pharmacy is redefining healthcare delivery by enhancing medication safety, operational efficiency, and patient-centered care. Traditional pharmacy practices, often reliant on manual processes, have historically been susceptible to inefficiencies and errors. In contrast, AI-powered technologies offer scalable, data-driven solutions that automate prescription verification, optimize inventory, enable personalized dosing, and facilitate remote patient monitoring. This research investigates the evolving role of clinical pharmacists in the age of AI, emphasizing how machine learning, natural language processing, and intelligent decision support systems improve pharmacovigilance, medication adherence, and therapeutic outcomes. Despite significant progress, challenges persist, including algorithmic transparency, data privacy, regulatory compliance, and user trust. Comparative analysis reveals that AI-driven systems outperform traditional methods across multiple domains, yet ethical concerns and integration barriers remain critical. Regulatory frameworks—such as the EU AI Act and FDA SaMD guidelines—are beginning to address these risks, underscoring the need for continuous oversight and stakeholder collaboration. This study concludes that while AI enhances clinical decision-making and patient engagement, its implementation must be guided by robust ethical principles, interdisciplinary cooperation, and adaptive regulation. Properly harnessed, AI holds the potential to transform pharmacy practice into a safer, more personalized, and efficient healthcare service model.
Fatin Farazh Ya’acob, Khairul Azfar Adzahar, Mohd Fazil Jamaludin, Mohd Faznor Akmar Faimi, Mohd Shafiz Saharan
This study investigates prevention strategies for Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) among university students in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period of heightened digital device usage. A survey was conducted with 387 students from UiTM Kedah, UiTM Johor, and Universiti Selangor, selected via convenience sampling. Data was gathered using online questionnaires to assess CVS symptoms and the preventive measures employed by students. The findings revealed that 57.9% of students reported CVS symptoms after 5-6 hours of computer use, while 30% experienced symptoms in less than 5 hours. A significant 85% indicated that CVS negatively impacted their lifestyle and eye health. Adjusting screen brightness emerged as the most effective preventive measure (mean score 3.94), while using eye drops was the least effective (mean score 2.12). Taking breaks (mean score 3.46) and maintaining proper posture (mean score 3.35) were moderately effective and commonly practiced. This study contributes to the understanding of CVS prevention by highlighting the relative effectiveness of various strategies and underscoring the importance of institutional support in fostering a healthier digital learning environment. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive interventions, including ergonomic adjustments and educational programs on proper technology use, to mitigate CVS symptoms. Implementing proactive interventions, such as enhancing ergonomic support and providing education on optimal technology usage, may significantly alleviate the symptoms of CVS. This study advances body of literature by demonstrating the relative efficacy of various preventive strategies and emphasizing the pivotal role of institutional support in safeguarding student well-being within an increasingly digitalized educational landscape.
Gladys S. Escarlos, Jake Levinson R. Villarente, Narjun C. Colita
This review examines the effectiveness of Principal-Agent Theory (PAT) in enhancing school budgets through educational governance and resource allocation in the Philippines and other countries between 2019 and 2025. It examines how PAT closes information gaps, aligns incentives, and reduces agency costs, particularly in the Department of Education, to enhance the efficiency of resource allocation. Evidence from local and international studies shows that PAT helps enhance accountability and optimize budgets in various educational environments. By viewing administrators as agents and governing bodies as principals, PAT provides a solid framework for strategic resource management. The review confirms that PAT helps ensure effective budget allocation and gives policymakers in the Philippines and elsewhere practical insights.
Irma Hanie Ibrahim, Noor Akmal Adillah Ismail (Sr, Dr), Wan Mohd Nurdden Wan Muhammad (Sr, Ts)
The integration of Industrialized Building Systems (IBS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) represents a pivotal advancement in transforming conventional construction practices towards industrialization. Despite the increasing promotion of IBS under Malaysia’s Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP 2016–2020), its implementation continues to face challenges arising from fragmented project delivery methods, limited coordination, and poor planning. Concurrently, BIM offers significant capabilities to address these issues through digital collaboration, real-time information management, and design visualization. This paper explores the development of an IBS–BIM integrated framework aimed at enhancing productivity, efficiency, and sustainability in the Malaysian construction industry. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the impacts of IBS–BIM integration, followed by a quantitative survey using structured questionnaires among key industry stakeholders—including architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and project managers—supplemented by qualitative validation through expert focus group discussions. The findings reveal that the synergy between IBS and BIM mitigates major industry barriers, such as coordination gaps, rework, and design inconsistencies, while fostering collaboration, accuracy, and cost efficiency across project stages.
Ilyas Iskandar Bin Jumarin, Muhammad Arif Amirun Bin Baharuddin, Nor Kamariah Binti KasminBajuri, Syed Muhammad Harith Bin Wan Ibrahim
Mathematics anxiety has long been identified as a psychological barrier that undermines students’ confidence, motivation, and academic performance. Traditional interventions have focused primarily on pedagogical modifications and affective counseling, yet technological innovations now present new opportunities for addressing the emotional dimensions of learning mathematics. Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) has emerged as a promising approach to enhance engagement, self-efficacy, and conceptual understanding while reducing anxiety. This paper examines the role of DGBL in mitigating mathematics anxiety through cognitive, emotional, and behavioral mechanisms. By integrating findings from prior studies on game-based learning, digital engagement, and mathematics pedagogy, it proposes a conceptual model illustrating how interactive, feedback-driven learning environments can transform students’ attitudes toward mathematics. Recommendations for educators and researchers are discussed to guide future implementations of DGBL in mathematics education.
Erna Masfiza Mohamed Ramli, Noor Idayu Ismail, Noral Hidayah Alwi
Fraudulent financial statements remain a critical challenge to investor confidence and financial market integrity, particularly in emerging economies such as Malaysia. This study examines the relationship between ownership concentration and fraud risk, while analysing the moderating role of board structure. Fraud risk is proxied using the Altman Z-score, which captures financial distress, a common precursor to earnings manipulation. Drawing on agency theory and network perspectives, this study argues that ownership concentration can strengthen monitoring and reduce fraud risk, but its effectiveness may depend on internal governance design, specifically board structure. Using a balanced panel of 578 firms listed on Bursa Malaysia, comprising 2,890 firm-year observations, the study employs panel least squares regression with cross-section and period fixed effects. The findings show that ownership concentration is positively and significantly associated with the Altman Z-score, suggesting that concentrated ownership reduces fraud risk. Board structure also shows a positive and significant relationship with financial health. However, the interaction between ownership concentration and board structure is negative and significant, indicating that large boards weaken the positive monitoring effect of concentrated ownership. These results suggest that while ownership concentration enhances monitoring, excessively large boards can dilute this benefit. The findings contribute to fraud risk and governance research by highlighting the moderating influence of board structure and providing policy insights for regulators and investors to balance ownership control with board efficiency to strengthen financial reporting integrity.
Sharifah Raudzah S Mahadi, Suriani Sukri, Waeibrorheem Waemustafa
This study examines how ownership structure influences firm performance in Malaysia’s manufacturing sector, focusing on the mediating role of board gender diversity and the moderating effect of board independence. Using panel data from 2015–2023 for public-listed manufacturing companies, the study investigate institutional, family, and managerial ownership impacts on performance (measured by ROA, ROE, and Tobin’s Q). The Malaysian context of concentrated family ownership and evolving corporate governance norms provides a rich setting. The study employs panel regression analyses and a moderated mediation framework. The results indicate that institutional ownership is positively associated with firm performance, whereas family and managerial ownership show negative effects. Board gender diversity emerges as a positive predictor of performance, mediating part of the ownership–performance relationship. Notably, board independence strengthens the performance impact of board diversity – firms with more independent boards derive greater performance gains from diverse boards. This suggests a moderated mediation: ownership influences performance through diversity, conditional on independent board oversight. The findings underscore the business case for improving board diversity and maintaining strong independent director presence. The study contributes to corporate governance literature by integrating ownership structure, diversity, and independence in a single framework, and the study offer practical recommendations for regulators and firms to enhance governance structures for better performance.
Nora Mohd Basir, Nur Aliah Najwa Ahmad Mahyudin
Currently, it has been shown that Malaysia has a low production of paddy. That is one of the reasons why Malaysia has been importing rice from other countries. To help Malaysia overcome the rice output shortage, this study has decided to determine whether there is an effect of planted area and paddy yield towards paddy production in a long-run scenario. This study focuses on analysing the paddy production of non-granary areas in Johor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Pulau Pinang, and Terengganu from 2011 until 2020. The paddy production that is being analysed is during the main season in Malaysia. In order to determine the presence of the long-run relationship, this study employed the Pedroni cointegration test. It was found that the majority of the statistical tests from the Pedroni cointegration test are significant at 5% level of significance. It can be concluded that there is a long-run relationship between planted area, paddy yield, and paddy production. Thus, it is recommended for future researchers to investigate in detail these effects to help maximise the paddy production, especially in the non-granary areas.
Honorio C. Anora, Janine Joy L. Tenerife-Cañete, Lilibeth C. Pinili, Ma. Lu P. Maneja, Randy C. Mangubat, Raymond C. Espina, Reylan G. Capuno, Veronica O. Calasang
This study investigated the parental involvement and challenges in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and their influence on the social-emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) within selected Special Education (SPED) programs in the Division of Cebu Province, specifically Daanbantayan Central Elementary School and Liloan Central School, during the School Year 2025–2026. The findings indicate that parents of children with ASD undergoing ABA therapy experience significant challenges across logistical, emotional, social, and systemic domains, with financial burden, parental guilt, difficulties in social connection, and long waiting lists for services emerging as key concerns. The study also provides evidence supporting the effectiveness of ABA therapy in enhancing emotional and social development, particularly in strengthening emotional bonds with family members and caregivers. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the extent of parental challenges and the social-emotional development of children with ASD across all dimensions of parental challenges examined. It was highly recommended for the implementation of the proposed intervention plan for SPED teachers and parents, encouraging SPED teachers to strengthen collaboration with parents through consistent communication and training, and urging school administrators to develop policies and allocate resources to improve ABA therapy accessibility.
Dian Darina Indah Binti Daruis, Siti Maisarah Binti Amdan, Siti Nurhafizah Saleeza Binti Ramlee
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) remain a critical occupational health concern in the construction sector due to the physical demands of repetitive lifting, awkward postures, and heavy manual handling. This systematic literature review examines the role of participatory ergonomic (PE) interventions in reducing MSDs and explores the use of technology to enhance ergonomic risk assessment and prevention. Guided by PRISMA methodology, articles published between 2019 and 2024 were retrieved from Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, with 30 studies meeting the eligibility criteria. Findings indicate that PE interventions, including exoskeletons, workstation redesign, semi-automation, and task reorganization, significantly reduce biomechanical strain, discomfort, and MSD prevalence while improving productivity and worker satisfaction. However, limitations such as cost, device-related discomfort, and organizational barriers affect long-term sustainability. In addition, technological solutions such as wearable sensors, machine learning, cyber-physical training, and vision-based monitoring demonstrated high accuracy in detecting ergonomic risks and provided real-time feedback for prevention. Despite their effectiveness, issues such as secondary risks, acceptance, and cost justification must be addressed. Overall, the review highlights that integrating participatory approaches with technological innovations offers substantial potential to reduce MSDs among construction workers. Success depends on tailoring interventions to task-specific demands, ensuring organizational commitment, and adopting a holistic view that considers both physical and psychosocial dimensions of worker health.
Haixia Guo, Rabiah Rustam
This systematic literature review investigates the integration of peace education within English as a Second Language instruction in Pakistan. It addresses three objectives that include exploring research gaps, evaluating theoretical frameworks that can be integrated with ESL instruction, and exploring innovations for peace education integration at the grassroot level. Findings reveal that there are several gaps in the existing researches. Big cities such as Lahore and Karachi dominate research in this area while rural and conflict affected regions such as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan remain unexplored. There is a limited adaptability of theoretical frameworks such as Critical Pedagogy and Social Emotional Learning (SEL) with ESL instruction in the conservative educational contexts. A few adaptations such as SEL infused with Islamic values exist and have limited impact. Certain initiatives taken at the grassroot level, such as the mediation of seniors or debates created to resolve conflict, highlight that innovative practices exist but teacher led innovative practices are rare and also not documented. The existing education system creates certain barriers such as exam oriented curricula, ideological resistance, and limited resources to handle conflict. All these issues highlight that there is a need for significant policy reforms, teacher training, and participatory research. In Pakistan’s complex sociolinguistic landscape, the study recommends that hybrid models should be adopted to facilitate the integration of theoretical frameworks of peace education with ESL instruction keeping in view local traditions. This can help develop linguistically and socially transformative ESL classrooms.
Dr. Lum Bobga Jacqueline Achiri, Nsagha Sarah Mboshi, Youmbi Mbenowol Carene
Adolescents in Cameroonian public secondary schools increasingly exhibit aggressive behaviours that deviate from expected social norms. This study examined how peer culture, alongside psychosocial determinants including shifts in parental role, quality of parental nurturing, peer influence, and conformity pressure shapes the social learning of aggression among adolescents. The study was guided by Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, Bandura’s social learning theory, and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. A concurrent mixed-method research design was employed, collecting quantitative data from 435 Form Three and Four students using questionnaires and qualitative data from 100 parents through structured interviews. Findings revealed that 58.0% of students displayed various aggressive behaviours, 60.8% were significantly influenced by peers, 68.0% conformed to peer norms, 35.8% experienced shifts in parental roles, and 30.3% reported inadequate parental nurturing. Regression analyses indicated that peer influence and conformity pressure significantly increased adolescents’ aggressive behaviours, while improved parental nurturing decreased them. The study highlights that peer culture plays a central role in socializing adolescents toward aggression, particularly when parental support is limited. Recommendations include fostering positive peer interactions, strengthening parental engagement, and restructuring school disciplinary systems to prevent and manage adolescent aggression effectively.
Abubakar S. Mama, DPA, Lotis B. Daguisonan, PhD, Minerva-Saminah M. Naga, Normina S. Mangoda, PhD, Sittie Mae G. Pamanay, PhD, JD, Wardah D. Guimba, PhD
This study examined the effectiveness of targeted In-Service Training (INSET) programs in improving teacher proficiency and student academic performance in selected senior high schools in the City Schools Division of Marawi. Thirty teachers and six principals from three public and three private schools participated, all handling subjects included in the 2023 National Achievement Test (NAT), where Media and Information Literacy and Science recorded the lowest Mean Percentage Scores. Using a mixed-methods design, data were gathered through pre- and post-assessments, surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The study uses a convergent mixed-methods design combining quantitative and qualitative approaches concurrently for comprehensive insights. Findings indicated significant improvements in contextualized teaching, active learning strategies, technology integration, and teacher confidence, though challenges remained in laboratory resources, advanced content delivery, and ICT access. The study concludes that targeted, context-responsive training enhances pedagogical skills and can address subject-specific performance gaps. It recommends sustained professional development, resource provision, and further research on long-term student achievement impacts.
Sarah D. Rodenas
This study examined the relationship between the perceived leadership styles of administrators, job satisfaction, and affective commitment among employees of higher education institutions (HEIs) in District I of Negros Occidental. Using a descriptive-comparative design, the study collected data from 221 respondents representing both private and state HEIs. The findings revealed that the dominant leadership style among administrators was laissez-faire. Employees demonstrated high levels of job satisfaction and affective commitment, indicating strong emotional attachment and loyalty to their institutions. Statistical analyses showed significant correlations between leadership style, job satisfaction, and affective commitment. These findings provide insights for academic administrators to enhance leadership practices and strengthen employee engagement and institutional performance.
Azfahanee Zakaria, Mohd Hairul Nazreen Jamil, Mohd Shafiz Saharan, Nurdiyana Nazihah Zainal, Sarah Sabir Ahmad
Entrepreneurship is increasingly recognized as a driver of economic growth, innovation, and graduate employability. In Malaysia, it is promoted as a solution to graduate unemployment and positioned as a pillar of the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015–2025. Despite this emphasis, a gap persists between institutional efforts and student outcomes, largely due to variations in the quality, accessibility, and cultural relevance of support provided by universities. This study examines the role of perceived university support (PUS) in shaping entrepreneurial intentions (EI) among Malaysian students. Using the PRISMA 2020 framework, a systematic literature review (SLR) of 34 peer-reviewed articles (2015–2025) was conducted. Findings show that PUS significantly influences EI through four dimensions: entrepreneurship education, mentorship and role models, infrastructure and financial support, and cultural and contextual influences. Education enhances knowledge and self-efficacy but is weakened by theoretical delivery. Mentorship and role models inspire motivation, though access remains uneven. Infrastructure and funding reduce risk perceptions but are concentrated in urban universities. Cultural norms, especially collectivist values and family expectations, shape how support is perceived. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy consistently mediates PUS–EI, while proactive personality and gender moderate outcomes. The study concludes that holistic, experiential, and culturally adaptive support systems are essential to strengthen Malaysia’s entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Noraini Lapawi, Samri Chongo, Yee Kin Chia
Twenty first century science education prioritises student centred pedagogies that cultivate collaboration and critical thinking. Anchored in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory (1978), particularly the zone of proximal development and the mediating role of language and tools, this conceptual paper proposes a framework for how collaborative learning nurtures critical thinking cognitive skills together with dispositions such as open mindedness, intellectual humility, and truth seeking among preservice science teachers. The framework rests on positive interdependence, promotive interaction, individual accountability, and structured reflection, and it advances three pathways. First, dialogic exchange within the zone of proximal development surfaces and resolves misconceptions and strengthens reasoning. Second, task interdependence elicits metacognitive monitoring and justification through scaffolded assistance. Third, role rotation and peer feedback normalise evidence seeking dispositions and support the internalisation of regulatory talk. Gender is treated as a contextual lens that shapes participation and discourse, and equitable roles and argumentation protocols are proposed to mitigate imbalance. From this framework follow design principles for initial teacher education, including the use of authentic and ill structured problems, explicit scripting of discourse moves such as claim, evidence, and reasoning, rubric guided assessment of skills and dispositions, and sequenced activities that consolidate gains over time. The paper concludes with a research agenda to test the framework using validated measures and equity sensitive designs.
Azmi Awang Md Isa, Mohd Shahril Izuan Mohd Zin, Muhammad Aiman Akmal Mohd Shaifullizan, Sani Irwan Md Salim, Sharatul Izah Samsudin
Deploying deep learning on microcontrollers offers real-time intelligence at the edge, but tight memory and compute budgets complicate design choices. This study evaluates image classification on the STM32H747I-DISCO using a compact convolutional neural network trained on five board classes (Arduino Uno, Node MCU, ESP8266-01, Micro: bit V2.0, ESP32-CAM). A small, augmented dataset (50–100 images per class) was used with standard transformations; models were quantised to int8 and deployed via STM32CubeIDE and the STM32-AI CLI. The analysis examines how input resolution (1080p vs 480p) interacts with accuracy, memory footprint, latency, and power. Four classes achieve ≥95% accuracy across both resolutions, while ESP8266-01 improves from 65.7% (1080p) to 92.3% (480p), suggesting that downsampling can suppress distracting fine-grained artefacts. Activation-buffer tuning and post-training quantisation reduce RAM from ~761 kB to ~610 kB and Flash from ~1.42 MB to ~1.20 MB without accuracy loss; 480p further lowers latency by up to 35% and power by ~20%. The findings provide a resolution-aware benchmark and practical guidance for balancing fidelity and efficiency on STM32-class MCUs, and they motivate future work with larger benchmarks, cross-platform comparisons, and pruning/distillation pipelines
Dr. Nganu Margaret, Dr. Nzioki Susan, Mung’athia Samson
This study examines the impact of market culture on the execution of strategic plans in the insurance industry in Kenya. Grounded on the Competing Values Framework (CVF) model developed by Robert Quinn and John Rohrbaugh (1983), the study explores how core aspects of market culture such as performance orientation, goal achievement, customer centricity and competitiveness influence strategy implementation. Market culture is epitomized by its results-driven approach, strong external focus and a strong emphasis on success through excellent customer service and superior performance. These characteristics are essentially relevant in the insurance industry which is highly regulated and dynamic thus requiring agility and customer service for long-term competitiveness and success. A descriptive research design was adopted, drawing 180 respondents from 30 insurance firms across Kenya. Data was collected using structured questionnaires to capture the perception of the employees on the effect of market culture on strategy execution practices. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, repeated measures ANOVA, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis to find out the relationship between the variables and examine the strength of the market culture type. The findings indicated that market culture was the most dominant cultural dimension in the Kenyan insurance industry with a mean score of 4.06, highlighting the sector-wide commitment to competitiveness, productivity, and external positioning. Despite not being a statistically significant predictor strategic plan implementation, market culture contributed hugely to organizational focus, performance discipline, and accountability. The research concludes that market oriented cultural practices remain a crucial enabler of strategy execution, particularly when balanced with collaboration and flexibility. The study recommends that insurance companies develop performance metrics corresponding to strategic goals, entrench customer-focused systems, and incorporate competitive intelligence into strategic planning processes. Such practices would enable firms to translate market driven values into long-term strategic results, strengthening both competitiveness and sustainable success.
Abubakar Jibril Ph.D, Muktar Bashir Ph.D
Security is the bedrock of any society, it serves as an avenue that brings the needed development. This is on account of the fact that, no country can achieve the needed progress without stable security system. The security agencies are expected to perform their duty freely without aligning to a particular selfish interest. This article examines the politicization of Nigeria's security apparatus in the Fourth Republic, exploring its implications for governance, democracy, and national stability. By delving into historical antecedents, contemporary cases, and theoretical frameworks, qualitative research design is utilized in this study, relevant documentary sources were also utilized. The study found that political interference undermines security, fosters corruption, and weakens public trust. Drawing on primary and secondary data, the study provides policy recommendations to depoliticize security institutions.
Hishamuddin Salim, Nik Murshidah Nik Din, Noor Eliza Abdul Rahman, Rahimah Embong, Zaiton Mustafa
This article explores positive behavioural practices among married Muslim couples in Terengganu that contribute to harmonious family life. Using a qualitative design through semi-structured interviews with nine participants, the study identifies key themes of marital well-being, including mutual respect, patience, shared responsibility, emotional support, tolerance, communication, and spiritual practices. The findings reveal that sustainable happiness within a family is closely tied to Islamic moral values. The study concludes that positive marital practices among Muslim couples in Terengganu are grounded in Islamic ethical principles that promote sakinah (tranquility), mawaddah (affection), and rahmah (compassion) within the family.
Amal Hayati Ishak, Izni Nadirah Najmuddin
Cash waqf-linked sukuk (CWLS) is an innovation of Islamic social finance and an Islamic capital market instrument that has been introduced in Indonesia for various purposes, including social and economic contributions. Based on Indonesia’s experience and success in implementing CWLS for the benefit of society and Indonesia's economy, it seems to be a practical practice in Malaysia as well. This is because Malaysia and Indonesia have similarities in their communities and landscapes. Besides, Malaysia is quite familiar with and popular in implementing cash waqf and sukuk in general. Hence, the introduction of CWLS stands a chance to be accepted and practice in Malaysia in future. This financing tool aims to ease the collection of cash waqf funds, and act as an alternative for waqf assets to be developed, instead of focusing on the traditional practice. Therefore, this conceptual paper aims to discuss the potential of practising CWLS in the Malaysian context by conducting a document and content analysis. In the end of the research, it can be concluded that there are possibilities for CWLS to be implemented in Malaysia, which then assists in overcoming the issue of society, specifically in financial segment, and how this is in-line with Malaysia’s commitment in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Dr. Sosthenes Ruheza, Prof. Zebedayo Mvena, Vivien Below
This study examines the potential impact of a Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) awareness programme in secondary schools on decreasing adolescent pregnancies in Mafinga Town Council, Iringa Region, Tanzania. The objectives were to evaluate the programme’s effectiveness in improving adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours concerning reproductive health, and its contribution to lowering teenage pregnancy rates in Mafinga Town Council. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, utilizing structured questionnaires with 200 students for quantitative data and key informant interviews for qualitative insights. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The results indicated that the students exposed to the SRH awareness programme had a significantly higher knowledge on pregnancy risks, contraceptive methods, and how to access reproductive health services compared to the control group which did not receive any training. The SRH-trained respondents showed positive behavioural outcomes in the form of delayed sexual engagement and increased use of contraceptive methods. This indicates that the SRH programme was effective in promoting informed decision-making and self-efficacy among adolescents. The study concludes that SRH awareness programmes have a strong potential to improve adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to reproductive health. By increasing awareness about contraception, delaying early sexual engagement, and promoting respect for one’s own body, such programmes contribute to a noticeable reduction in adolescent pregnancy incidences in Mafinga Town Council. The findings further indicate that when adolescents are provided with accurate information and a safe environment to discuss reproductive health matters, they develop greater self-confidence in making informed choices about their bodies and relationships. Therefore, it is recommended that SRH awareness programmes be sustained and expanded across secondary schools through the integration of SRH topics into the formal school curriculum. Furthermore, regular teacher training, active participation of parents and community members, and continuous peer education initiatives are essential to ensure that adolescents remain well-informed, empowered, and supported to make responsible decisions regarding their sexual and reproductive health.
Gladys S. Escarlos, John Mark B. Traña, MALT, Mary Christelle Concepcion C. Bienes, MAFIL
This paper examines power dynamics and class struggle in the academic system through the lens of Conflict Theory. Grounded in the works of Karl Marx, Ralf Dahrendorf, and Randall Collins, it explores how educational institutions both reproduce inequality and serve as spaces for transformation. Drawing from recent Philippine and international studies, the paper highlights enduring disparities in educational access, authority distribution, and student outcomes, emphasizing that schools mirror broader social hierarchies. It further investigates how authority, resistance, and symbolic power shape the reproduction of privilege and the potential for reform within academic systems. Contemporary extensions of conflict theory introduce intersectionality, showing how class, gender, and identity intersect to influence educational power relations. Feminist conflict theory critiques the persistence of patriarchal hierarchies that limit women’s agency in leadership.
Shixing Gao
This study investigates the relationship between pre-service mathematics teachers’ epistemological beliefs and reform-oriented instructional practices in Northwest China. A total of 635 participants from normal universities and teacher colleges completed validated questionnaires measuring their beliefs about the nature of mathematics (traditionalist vs. constructivist), beliefs about mathematics learning and teaching (teacher-direction vs. student-active-learning), and instructional practices (cognitive activation and personal learning support). Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and multiple regression analyses were conducted. The results revealed that both constructivist and student-active-learning beliefs significantly predicted reform-oriented instructional practices, including cognitive activation and personal learning support. Traditionalist and teacher-direction beliefs showed limited or no predictive effects. These findings highlight that pre-service teachers’ constructivist epistemological beliefs are positively associated with reform-oriented instruction approaches, while their traditional beliefs may coexist without strong behavioral influence. The study extends the understanding of belief–practice relationships in underrepresented Chinese regions and provides implications for teacher education programs seeking to foster reflective and reform-oriented instructional practices.
Awanis Ku Ishak, Daratul Ambia Che Mit, Nor Fitriah Ahmed Fadzil
Nurses’ work engagement is fundamental to safe and consistent care in Malaysia’s public hospitals, particularly where heavy workloads and resource constraints are routine. Drawing on the Job Demands–Resources (JD–R) model and Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study examines how one key demand (workload), two job resources (autonomy, supervisor support), and one personal resource (resilience) shape nurses’ work engagement in Kedah. A cross-sectional design was employed using validated instruments for all constructs. Analyses included psychometric checks, correlations, multiple regression, and single mediation modelling of the pathway from workload to resilience to nurses work engagement. Overall, nurses reported high engagement despite challenging demands. Supervisor support emerged as a consistent positive driver, whereas autonomy alone did not significantly enhance engagement in this context. Workload showed a nuanced pattern: when combined with resilience, it demonstrated a moderate “challenge” effect, yet simultaneously undermined engagement indirectly by eroding resilience. Mediation testing confirmed resilience as the mechanism explaining how workload lowers engagement, producing a “competitive” pattern where a small positive direct link coexists with a negative indirect pathway. Theoretically, these findings refine JD–R by showing that resilience mediates the effects of demands more strongly than resources, while from a COR perspective, they demonstrate a resource-loss pathway from workload to reduced engagement. Practically, hospital management should regulate workload surges, strengthen supervisory support, and mainstream shift-sensitive resilience training; autonomy initiatives will yield greater impact when supported by enabling leadership and adequate structural scaffolding.
Banna Sawaneh, Kawsu Sillah
Studies have shown that workplace incivility is widespread and linked to several negative outcomes. However, people perceive it differently due to cultural variability. The objective of this research is to examine the prevalence of the phenomenon among teaching and administrative staff in the Gambian public senior secondary schools. The focus is on the Greater Banjul Area, comprising two administrative regions, and the West Coast Region. These two regions are the most populous, hence with the highest number of secondary schools in the country. Data was gathered using primary and secondary sources, with a final response rate of about 99% (n = 252). The results obtained showed moderate widespread incivility in public senior secondary schools in The Gambia. These findings are at variance with conventional assumptions by suggesting that employees may endure workplace incivility without necessarily resorting to other negative reactions, a response that appears to be mediated by culturally embedded norms and values. The study highlights the need for proactive organizational strategies focused on creating a meaningful work environment, a respectful workplace culture, and targeted leadership development in the education sector.
Amelia Cahyadini, Sherly Ayuna Putri
Labor Supervision is an institution that is very essential in the implementation of labor laws and regulations. The supervision is not only to supervise the implementation of statutory provisions, but also to provide understanding to workers, labor unions, and employers. Labor Supervision is a series of activities carried out for labor law enforcement. The main objective is to convince social partners of the need to review labor regulations in the workplace and their interests in this regard, through prevention, education and where necessary taking enforcement action. The implementation of government affairs in the regions has undergone significant changes to the authority to manage government affairs in the regions. Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government has shifted several affairs that were originally carried out by the Regency / City regional government to the authority of the Provincial government, one of which is the authority related to the implementation of Labor Supervision.
Genuine Q. Palmes, Gladys S. Escarlos, Jemboy R. Hermogenes, Noralyn P. Ronolo
This systematic review investigates the profound implications of Aristotelianism and Structural Functionalism in the governance and administration of education policies and programs under the Revised K to 12 Curriculum, particularly focusing on the Academic Recovery and Accessible Learning (ARAL) program. It synthesizes contemporary literature to explore how Aristotelianism emphasizes moral character, virtue, and participatory citizenship as vital values guiding decision-making processes in educational governance. From an Aristotelian perspective, effective educational leadership arises from cultivating ethical dispositions that prioritize the common good, justice, and collective well-being. Meanwhile, structural functionalism highlights the significance of interdependent roles, organizational efficiency, and social stability within educational systems. It also emphasizes how governance structures, institutional policies, and administrative mechanisms contribute to maintaining equilibrium and ensuring the effective delivery of educational programs. Within the ARAL framework, this theoretical perspective explains how collaboration among administrators, teachers, and stakeholders strengthens system functionality and responsiveness to students’ learning needs. The review features the complementary nature of these theoretical frameworks in influencing both the ethical and operational aspects of educational governance. Empirical findings show that when moral leadership and functional efficiency converge, educational reforms become more sustainable, inclusive, and aligned with national learning goals. At the right time, the integration of Aristotelian and Structural-Functionalist perspectives provides a strong theoretical foundation for advancing governance practices that promote academic recovery, equitable access, and holistic student development under the evolving K to 12 frameworks.
Abasi, A. U., Edem, I. D.
This study investigated the effect of programmed instruction on secondary school students’ comprehension of the concept of quadratic equations in Itu Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. The study adopted a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent pre-test post-test control group design. A sample of 104 Senior Secondary Two (SS2) students was drawn from two public co-educational schools using random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was the Quadratic Equation Comprehension Test (QECT), developed and validated by the researchers with a reliability coefficient of 0.82 using the Kuder-Richardson formula (KR-20). Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. Data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and independent t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that students taught quadratic equations using programmed instruction achieved significantly higher comprehension scores than those taught using the conventional method. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the mean comprehension scores of male and female students exposed to programmed instruction. It was concluded that programmed instruction enhances students’ comprehension of quadratic equations irrespective of gender. It was recommended that mathematics teachers adopt programmed instructional strategies in teaching algebraic concepts to promote active learning, deeper understanding, and gender inclusivity in mathematics classrooms.
Henry Wasosa, Isaac Mutelo
John Dewey’s progressivist educational philosophy, grounded in inquiry, experiential learning, and democratic classrooms, has informed numerous African curriculum reforms. This paper critically examines the psychological viability of Deweyan progressivism in sub-Saharan African contexts, focusing on Zimbabwe as a case study. Empirical evidence indicates that learner-centred, inquiry-based approaches have the potential to enhance engagement, higher-order thinking, and democratic dispositions. However, gaps in foundational skills (literacy, numeracy), language complexities, teacher capacity, and misaligned assessments frequently hinder the realisation of these ideals. Recommendations include adopting hybrid pedagogical models, sustained teacher professional development, assessment redesign, and sequenced policy implementation.
Kharismi Burhanudin, Mohd Nazrien Zaraini, Muhamad Nabil Hidayat, Muhammad Faheem Mohd Ezani
This research presents a novel hybrid Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique that combines Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) with the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method to enhance the efficiency and convergence speed of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The ACO MPPT, based on swarm intelligence, is utilized for its ability to conduct a global search for the maximum power point. In contrast, the P&O method provides steady-state tracking with low computational complexity. By integrating these two approaches, the research aims to leverage their respective strengths to achieve faster and more reliable convergence under varying environmental conditions. The study employs the NTR 5E3E monocrystalline PV module (173.5W) as the test subject, with the implementation carried out in a MATLAB Simulink environment. The experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid approach outperforms the standalone P&O and ACO MPPT methods in terms of convergence speed, accuracy, and stability, indicating promising potential for practical applications in PV systems.
Dr. Taling Tene Rodrigue PhD
This study examines the evolving dynamics of China-Africa sports cooperation within the broader context of South-South development partnerships and the Belt and Road Initiative, which have significantly enhanced bilateral engagement over recent decades. Through a systematic review of policy documents from Chinese and African governmental institutions, an integrative analysis of scholarly literature in international relations and sports studies, and in-depth case studies of key initiatives including stadium diplomacy projects in Kenya, Ethiopia and Senegal, athlete and coach training programs, and sports infrastructure developments—the research comprehensively assesses the opportunities and challenges characterizing current sports collaborations between China and African nations. Findings reveal that while notable progress has been achieved, as demonstrated by successful Olympic preparation support, football academy establishments, and expanded athletic exchanges, persistent challenges remain. These include cultural differences impeding mutual understanding, economic disparities leading to unequal resource distribution, questions about project sustainability, and governance shortcomings related to transparency and coordination in joint undertakings. To address these issues, the study proposes targeted policy recommendations: instituting cultural sensitivity training, developing equitable funding mechanisms, incorporating environmental and social sustainability indicators into project design, and advancing collaborative governance reforms. These measures aim to strengthen future Cooperation, foster mutually beneficial and sustainable partnerships, and contribute to the transformation of global sports governance frameworks.
Md. Asraful Islam, Md. Zahidul Islam
Cash waqf is recognized as one of the most effective mechanisms in achieving the socio-economic and welfare objectives of the institution of Waqf. This paper aims at examining and exploring the prospects of cash waqf in Bangladesh specially highlighting the huge potential of cash waqf in the welfare and benefits of unprivileged society. Hence, the purpose of this study is to analyse the benefits of cash Waqf and explore the legal and regulatory framework that govern cash waqf system in Bangladesh. The study uses a legal and doctrinal research methodology followed by an analytical approach. In identifying and interpreting data, both primary and secondary legal sources are considered. The study finds that under present legal and regulatory framework, it is not fully possible to get optimum benefit from cash waqf. It is also revealed that despite huge potential and prospects, there are diverse challenges in the administration and management of cash waqf in Bangladesh. Thus, the study suggests some policy recommendations in legal, institutional and functional sectors for the proper administration and management of cash waqf in Bangladesh in light of the lessons learned from some other countries.
Abdul Hady Dawud, Gautama Budhi Arundhati, Nuzulia Kumala Sari
Indonesia is a country with significant agricultural potential. Within the framework of national law, Indonesia has established regulations to protect farmers' rights. At the international level, Indonesia has also demonstrated its commitment by ratifying the CBD, ITPGRFA, and the Nagoya Protocol. However, despite the existence of normative bases regulating the protection of farmers' rights, the implementation of these provisions in practice remain suboptimal. Local farmers often do not receive adequate recognition for their contributions. The type of research used normative legal research. Normative legal research is a type of research that analyzes and examines secondary data or reference materials. The study's results indicate that the protection of farmers' rights in Indonesia remains weak due to the dominance of an individualistic approach to intellectual property, as reflected in the PVT Law, which does not adequately accommodate the collective contributions of farmers to local varieties. Traditional farmers' rights, such as seed breeding and exchange, are marginalized and even at risk of criminalization. Farmers' weak bargaining position is exacerbated by factors such as age, low educational levels, and a lack of regeneration due to the negative stigma associated with the farming profession. Although Government Regulation No. 56 of 2022 recognizes farmers' knowledge as communal wealth, the documentation requirements pose an obstacle. The Access and Benefit-Sharing principle has also been adopted in Law No. 65 of 2024, but it has not been supplemented with technical implementation regulations. Therefore, Regulatory reform is needed through a sui generis system that recognizes the collective rights of farmers, as well as a revision of the PVT Law and the issuance of technical government regulations to ensure fair and contextual legal protection.
Tamannna Alam
Nestled amidst the verdant hills and vibrant cultural tapestry of Bangladesh, indigenous communities stand as the vibrant threads weaving a rich heritage of resilience and tradition. This essay delves into the heart of this cultural mosaic, exploring the significance of Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (TK) that intricately shapes the lives of these communities in agriculture, medicine, music, literature, and home decor. Indigenous peoples, custodians of ancestral wisdom, face a pressing challenge — the exploitation of their TK by external entities for commercial gains without due benefit to the original owners. This paper illuminates the insufficiency of existing legal protection for indigenous traditional knowledge and articulates the far-reaching consequences of this oversight. Focusing on the nexus between indigenous heritage and legal frameworks, the essay proposes a compelling argument for aligning Bangladesh's domestic laws with international legal obligations. The need for supplementary provisions to fortify implementation mechanisms within relevant statutes is underscored. By highlighting the gaps in the legal landscape, this essay advocates for a transformative approach that ensures the equitable protection and preservation of Indigenous Traditional Knowledge. In essence, the essay serves as a clarion call for legal reforms, urging Bangladesh to fortify its commitment to the preservation of indigenous heritage, fostering a future where the vibrant threads of tradition are shielded from exploitation, and the tapestry of resilience continues to flourish.
Haswira Nor Mohamad Hashim, Yasmirah Mandasari Saragih
The digital transformation of communication has revolutionized evidentiary practices, particularly in the prosecution of domestic violence. Social media postings—ranging from text messages and photographs to videos and digital comments—have become critical forms of evidence revealing coercive control, intimidation, and abuse. This paper examines the admissibility, authentication, and probative value of social media evidence in Malaysia and Indonesia, representing the common law and civil law traditions respectively. Drawing from Malaysia’s Domestic Violence Act 1994 and Evidence Act 1950, and Indonesia’s Law No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence (PKDRT) and ITE Law (UU No. 11/2008 jo UU No. 19/2016), the study analyzes how courts navigate questions of digital authorship, privacy, and forensic reliability. Integrating trauma-informed adjudication and feminist jurisprudence, this paper argues that while Malaysia’s common law system offers interpretive flexibility, Indonesia’s codified evidentiary framework ensures procedural predictability. Drawing on comparative legal analysis, the study concludes that authentication and forensic preservation are indispensable for justice and proposes a harmonization of evidentiary standards for social media in domestic violence cases between the common law and civil law systems.
Maryam Mohd Esa, Nadiah Ishak, Nazila Ishak, Norzaimah Zainol, Nurulhayah Muhamad, Rusyda Yahya
Persistent underachievement in Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) Mathematics continues to raise concern within Malaysia’s education system, with a significant proportion of students failing to meet expected proficiency levels. This study examines the psychological and social determinants influencing SPM Mathematics achievement among secondary school students in Masjid Tanah, Melaka. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 591 respondents (444 SMK and 147 SMA students) and analyzed quantitatively through descriptive and Pearson correlation analyses using SPSS version 27. Four key variables: student interest, mathematics anxiety, motivation, and peer influence were measured to assess their relationships with mathematics proficiency. The results revealed that student interest (r = 0.428–0.642) and motivation (r = 0.321–0.412) showed moderate to strong positive correlations with mathematics achievement, whereas anxiety demonstrated a weak negative correlation (r = −0.10 to −0.14) and peer influence exhibited a weak but significant positive correlation (r = 0.22–0.25). Comparative findings indicated that SMA students displayed stronger positive relationships between interest and motivation with mathematics proficiency than SMK students, reflecting higher academic discipline and consistent study habits. These findings highlight that mathematics achievement at the SPM level is shaped not only by cognitive ability but also by affective and social dimensions of learning. Practically, the study suggests that student-centered, anxiety-reducing instructional strategies should be prioritized in classrooms to enhance motivation and mathematics engagement in line with Malaysia’s education reform and SDG 4 (Quality Education).
António Afonso Bindanda, Henrique Nene Kunietama, Ivano Castelo João Puza, José Mário João, Moniz Efraim Tunga
This study addresses public policies for hunger and poverty mitigation in Angola, particularly in the municipality of Bembe, Uíge Province. The overall objective was to analyze the impact of public policies implemented by the government between 2021 and 2023 on hunger and poverty mitigation in the municipality. The research used a qualitative and quantitative approach, where data were collected through questionnaires and interviews, using a digital platform (Google Form), and analyzed using tools (Power BI, LiveGap Charts) and statistical software (Python and SPSS), which ensured data security, accuracy, reliability, and visualization. Qualitative data were analyzed using content and thematic analysis techniques to identify patterns and emerging themes, enabling a broad and multidisciplinary understanding of the perceptions and challenges related to public policies for hunger and poverty mitigation. Thus, it was concluded that the public policies implemented by the government to combat hunger and poverty from 2021 to 2023 did not significantly impact the development of the municipality of Bembe. This essentially leads us to the rush for new actions that enable changes in this paradigm, in ways that will improve the lifestyle of residents, prioritizing sustainable development, well-being, and quality of life. Therefore, we accept the study's second hypothesis: that the public policies implemented by the government took a clinical view of family life but, unfortunately, did not have a significant impact on mitigating hunger and poverty in the municipality.
Hairunnizam Wahid, Nik Mohd Azim Nik Ab Malik, Nurnasuha Jamaluddin
The purpose of this study is to analyze the purchasing behavior and zakat payment on gold jewellery, to assess the level of knowledge regarding zakat on gold jewellery and related fatwas issued by the State Islamic Religious Councils (MAIN), and to compare the mean values of knowledge levels on zakat and fatwas in relation to zakat payment on gold jewellery. The study employs a convenient sampling method, using an online survey distributed in the state of Johor. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics through the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. The findings reveal that Muslim individuals purchase gold for two main purposes—adornment and investment. The study shows that the majority of respondents purchase gold jewellery primarily for future investment purposes rather than solely for adornment. However, there is a possibility that those who do not pay zakat on gold jewellery lack sufficient understanding of the zakat obligations. The potential to increase zakat payment on gold jewellery will be higher when the contents of the fatwa are effectively disseminated, and when the role of the zakat institutions in Johor is strengthened in spreading information and awareness to the public.
Abdul Razak Hussain, Kurk Wei Yi, Siti Nur`Aqilah Rozi Halimi, Syed Mohd Firdaus Syed Abidin
The Q-Fitness Gym System (QFGS) is a web-based management platform developed to enhance the operational efficiency of fitness centres through automation and integration. The system centralizes key functionalities, including member registration, class scheduling, staff and instructor management, and secure payment processing. Designed using the Agile methodology, QFGS ensures iterative development, adaptability, and continuous improvement based on user feedback. The system architecture follows a three-tier design, emphasizing scalability and data security through a MySQL relational database. Comprehensive testing, including unit, integration, and user acceptance tests, verified the functionality, usability, and reliability of the system. The implementation of QFGS demonstrates significant improvements in administrative productivity, resource utilization, and member satisfaction by reducing manual tasks and providing an intuitive digital experience. Overall, QFGS offers an innovative solution for modern gym management, bridging the gap between traditional operations and smart digital transformation.
Afolayan, D.O., Afolayan, V.E., Egbuna, N.E.
The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), as a trade preference program, offers trade privileges to participating countries, including Nigeria, since its inception. After 24 years, the impact of the trade program on Nigeria’s trade volume is fragmented, and the extent to which the trade preference has influenced trade volume and internal trade policy remains uncertain. This paper analyses the stakeholder perception of the impact of AGOA on trade volume. It identifies limitations of AGOA’s trade policy. Clearly, it presents specific policy-relevant implications for trade challenges in Nigeria using a combined purposive and snowball sampling survey method to collect and analyse primary data. The stakeholder perception indicates that AGOA trade increases market capacity, leads to market expansion, and business development, and that the Nigerian market can meet the AGOA’s product specifications. However, Nigeria’s failure to meet the standards due to weak trade policy and other internal and external limitations to trade has worsened AGOA’s challenges on trade volume and economic growth. In contrast to recommendations for policy remedies to address the limitations, the study suggests that, given the internal challenges, the Nigerian government should review the conditions of AGOA to determine if its current trade policy postures align with the current realities. The Nigerian government study the conditions contained in the AfCFTA trade program and ascertain if its current capacity, socioeconomic structure, and institutions can guarantee maximum benefits.
Mathew Saili.
This paper investigates the quality management practices (QMPs) adopted by manufacturing companies in Zambia, synthesizing evidence from existing empirical studies and practitioner reports. The analysis describes commonly used practices, adoption drivers, and implementation gaps, while also examining the key dimensions and strategic emphasis in response to a competitive and challenging business environment. Since 2018, the emergence of successful local conglomerates like TradeKings and Savenda has significantly influenced the industry's quality landscape, pushing the adoption of global best practices in a local context. Key QMPs that significantly impact performance include benchmarking, people management, and top leadership commitment. Crucially, the paper identifies that financial and capability constraints create a significant adoption barrier through a self-reinforcing causal cycle, a challenge severely exacerbated by macro-level contextual issues in Zambia's unreliable infrastructure and limited institutional support. The findings, which are supported by a hypothetical performance model to quantify impact, lead to practical recommendations for a phased roadmap, SME certification support, and supplier development, explicitly linking firm-level quality behaviour to broader industrial policy.
Hanna Larissa Marcelo, John Rosewell Borromeo, Lech Walesa M. Navarra
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming education, with tools like ChatGPT offering instant solutions and explanations. This study aims to investigate the growing reliance on AI among computer engineering students at Bulacan State University exploring the extent of this dependency and its factors influencing their academic performance. The study of of Liu and Wang showed that the application and merging of AI to engineering education is essential for managing innovation, strategic thinking and multidisciplinary skills. The study also proved that the emergence of AI boosts the increase of publication of papers related to engineering education then stated that AI is already starting to mold the change the way engineering education is going to be and its significant impact to colleges and universities. Utilizing a quantitative approach with a descriptive method, the research surveyed thirty (30) 3rd Year computer engineering students during the Second Semester of Academic Year 2023 2024. The findings reveal a high level of AI dependency with a mean score of 3.5 on a 5-point Likert scale. The research concludes that a significant portion of Bulacan State University’s computer engineering students heavily rely on AI for academic support. Time constraints, perceived academic benefits, accessibility, and the rising trend of AI use were identified as key influencing factors. Furthermore, a correlation between students' AI reliance and their academic achievement was observed. Based on these findings, the study recommends strategies to address this issue, including improved time management support for students, integration of AI education into the curriculum, and development of new learning materials that equip students to navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by AI in the field of computer engineering. By proactively preparing its students for the evolving technological landscape, Bulacan State University can ensure its computer engineering program fosters responsible development and utilization of AI for the benefit of society.
Regina Galang-Danganan
José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, championed education toward national reform and self-determination. His literary works, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, emphasized the role of education in developing critical thinking, civic engagement, and national pride. For him, education was the way to free not only the classroom but students for a more holistic learning including artistic mind (Mansur, 2024). Rizal saw education as the key to creating Filipinos who could lead the country to freedom and self-determination. This paper explored Rizal’s educational philosophy in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). It further investigated the extent to which Rizal’s values were embedded in contemporary higher education in the Philippines, particularly in relation to students’ awareness and participation in sustainability initiatives. Using a mixed-method approach and referencing recent studies, the paper highlighted how Rizal’s teachings were integrated into modern curricula to enhance students’ civic responsibility and engagement with global issues. The findings underscored curriculum reform, experiential learning models, and institutional support were needed to bridge the gap between historical education and sustainable development.
Abdul Jalil Mohamad, Chan Kuan Loong, Ikmal Hisham bin Mat Idera, Mohd Syafiq bin Zainuddin, Navindran a/l Ramanujan
Assessing students' assignments is essential as it reflects students' understanding and achievements. This study evaluates the marking quality among lecturers at the Teacher Education Institute (IPG) using the Multi-Facet Rasch Measurement (MFRM) model. Two hundred thirty-two students from the Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PDPP) program submitted written assignments, which were assessed by experienced lecturers. The analysis was conducted using FACETS 4.1.1 software, involving three main facets: candidates, raters, and assessment criteria. The findings indicate that the instrument used is valid in terms of construct and meets unidimensionality requirements. The reliability value of the raters was high (0.81), and the rater separation index exceeded the set threshold (2.09), indicating stability in marks given by lecturers. However, two raters were identified as showing misfit and overfit patterns respectively, suggesting inaccuracies in scoring. The Wright map and unexpected response analysis also revealed differences in the severity among raters and potential bias. These findings are valuable for the IPG in improving monitoring of inter-rater reliability and marking consistency. This study also shows that MFRM can provide comprehensive information and contribute to understanding the analysis of assessor consistency with quantitative evidence. MFRM is a suitable alternative model to overcome the limitations of the Classical Test Theory (CTT) statistical model, especially in analyses involving multiple raters.
Chamila Kothalawala, Thamara Kothalawala
Developing proficiency in reading legal texts is a requirement for students to obtain a law degree. Researchers on legal reading skills and novices’ cognitive challenges consider comprehension of legal texts consists of three main components:1) lexico-grammatical features, 2) domain knowledge, and 3) text structure. The aim of this study is to present empirical evidence on how lexico-grammatical features, domain knowledge and text structure affect the way expert and novice readers read legal genres. The studies presented that expert readers interpret legal texts by analyzing lexico-grammatical patterns and their contextual meanings. They use domain knowledge and text structure to identify elements such as parties, court, and rulings, while reading with purpose-driven objectives. These findings provide valuable recommendations for developing legal reading materials that enhance learners’ comprehension, improve their ability to interpret complex legal expressions, and support reading comprehension. The results can be applied to legal writing and education courses, offering a clear guide for planning curricula and materials that overtly instruct the cognitive processes employed by expert readers.
Abel J. Tomulin, Jesyl P. Sumipo, John Mark B. Lazaro, Ma. Theresa M. Dejesica
Academic performance refers to a student's level of achievement in their educational pursuits, typically measured through grades, test scores, and overall progress in coursework. This study explored the academic performance of college students, focusing on the factors that affected their learning outcomes and overall educational achievement. The study aimed to determine the significant relationship between reading literacy skills and academic performance among college students in Santo Tomas, Province of Davao del Norte. Data were gathered from 309 first-year college students through a stratified random sampling technique. This study utilized quantitative non-experimental research through a descriptive correlational design. Adapted instruments were used and were thoroughly evaluated for precision and relevance. The statistical tools used in this study were mean and Pearson r. Results revealed that reading literacy skills and academic performance had a descriptive level of high, which was oftentimes observed. A high level of reading literacy skills enhanced academic performance by enabling students to comprehend complex texts, critically analyze information, and effectively apply knowledge across various subjects. The relationship between reading literacy skills and academic performance suggested that enhancing students' reading abilities could positively improve their overall academic achievement.
Marieta Acibar Dar
A considerable number of studies concerning topics on reading comprehension were conducted significantly; however, less attention was focused on metacognitive motivation of students, particularly among the public secondary schools in the Philippines, whose primary language for communication is Filipino or Tagalog, but are being taught in English as the medium of instruction in most of their basic core subjects. These students are in a crucial transition period from junior high school to senior high school. The present study aims to investigate the current reading level of Filipino ESL learners in the Junior High School who took the Grade 7 Phil-IRI test and how it relates to their metacognitive reading motivation. A total of 229 participants were randomly selected from junior high schools in the Schools Division of Manila. Results reveal that the majority of high school students belong to the instructional level. This explains that, with follow-up on high-quality instructions, students can achieve optimal performance in their studies. Interestingly, data yielded a very significant relationship between the results of the Phil-IRI reading test and the Metacognitive Awareness Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI). This means that students who perform well in the Phil-IRI are likely to be highly motivated in their metacognitive strategies when reading academic materials. The pedagogical implications of the study suggest that language teachers should offer more than just reading instruction; learners must be strongly motivated to read, and the teachers should ensure this motivation.
Albert Feisal Muhd. Feisal Ismail, Kamarudin Abu Bakar
Business model innovation (BMI) is often marginalized when making decisions in social entrepreneurship. For this study, the value chain is emphasized to illustrate the needs in modern agriculture where fertigation activities with appropriate technology are the highlighted solutions. In challenging urban life, fertigation can be one of the options for self-reliance. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the BMI framework based on the Resource Based Value (RBV) theory to pave the way for unemployed graduates to venture into sustainable agriculture which itself is a guarantee of daily food sources. A total of 103 survey data were successfully collected from respondents in Melaka City through an online platform. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis has examined the relationship between the complex variables studied with new insights. Results from SPSS and AMOS confirmed that the business model innovation hypothesis is statistically significant and shows good model fit. In answering the research questions, the critical ratio index was considered. The standard return of the mean square residual and the root mean square error of the estimated results were found to be very good, thus further strengthening the competitiveness of the BMI framework for the unemployed group. CFA and regression analysis were used to validate the framework. In conclusion, the sustainable agriculture framework is seen to support the robustness of the research constructs. Agriculture in urban communities presents unique challenges as it is very difficult to predict. With support from government and other agencies, fertigation activities can be promoted as social entrepreneurship to encourage unemployed graduates to become self-sufficient with high motivation to work and low operating costs.
Mohd Zahimie bin Mohd Dzahid, Noor Adawiyah binti Ahmad Radzi, Nor Ainee binti Idris, Nur Aznan bin Jaafar, Roslida binti Saat, Zuraidah binti Hassan
Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) is a critical affective factor that directly influences students’ achievement across all levels of education. This conceptual review re-examines and analyses five major psychological theories that explain the development and impact of FLA on language acquisition: Horwitz et al.’s (1986) Foreign Language Anxiety Theory, Krashen’s (1982) Affective Filter Hypothesis, Eysenck and Calvo’s (1992) Processing Efficiency Theory, Lazarus’s (1984) Transactional Appraisal Theory, and Bandura’s (1977) Self-Efficacy Theory. Despite their different perspectives, these theories share a common emphasis on the emotional dimension of language learning, asserting that negative emotions such as anxiety and stress hinder performance and learning outcomes. Krashen highlights emotion as a “filter” that blocks language input, while Horwitz et al. describe anxiety as a classroom-specific affective response. Eysenck and Calvo associate anxiety with reduced working memory capacity, whereas Lazarus focuses on the learner’s cognitive appraisal and coping mechanisms. Bandura, on the other hand, underscores the importance of self-efficacy in motivating learners and regulating emotional responses. The theories differ in their focus—Horwitz and Krashen emphasize situational and emotional factors, Eysenck and Lazarus stress cognitive processes, and Bandura concentrates on motivational and self-belief systems. Collectively, they represent the affective, cognitive, and motivational dimensions of FLA, offering a comprehensive understanding of how anxiety interacts with learning mechanisms. This study proposes an integrated conceptual framework that synthesizes these theoretical dimensions to better explain and manage FLA. The novelty of this research lies in reconceptualizing FLA through both classical and contemporary lenses, while providing holistic pedagogical insights for modern language education. The synthesis aims to guide future research and teaching practices toward reducing learner anxiety and enhancing language achievement in diverse educational settings.
Lawrence Dumisani Nyathi, Peter Nkala
Industrialisation plays a key role in the social and economic development of countries worldwide, especially developing countries such as Zimbabwe. However, due to stiff competition from advanced economies with better organised policies and state of the art technologies, developing countries have seen a slow-down of industrialisation. Zimbabwe’s economic slow-down in the last 30 years has been characterised by a general decline of industrial economic activities. Massive de-industrialisation and relocation of companies to Harare have affected industrial performance in Bulawayo, the second largest city, once the industrial hub of the country. This economic slowdown, high unemployment and poverty levels put re-industrialisation of Bulawayo on the spotlight. Data for this research was collected through a validated questionnaire administered to respondents of 145 companies in Belmont, Donnington and Kelvin industrial areas. Concerns and viewpoints on strategies for reindustrialization and revival of the Bulawayo Metropolitan Province industrialisation were shared by respondents. Results and discussion show that lack of concessionary funding, development of provincial value chains, redressing infrastructural renewal, revival and recapitalisation of the National Railways of Zimbabwe, resuscitating capital equipment rebates, operationalising the devolution and decentralisation policies as well creating viable industrial parks and special economic zones, clearing of external debts and formalising the economy emerge are key tenets of reindustrialisation strategies. The realignment of the reindustrialisation strategies with government national industrialisation development policies is necessary for the realisation of benefits of the 4th Industrial Revolution and also to remain regionally and internationally competitive. Zimbabwe’s vision of an upper-middle society by 2030 should be anchored on retooling and reindustrialisation as a panacea for industrial development, employment creation and economic growth.
Marzlin Marzuki, Noora’in Omar, Roshidah Safeei
Fraudulent Financial Reporting has become an issue of great concern throughout the world. It is a global phenomenon which has attracted attention of the business and financial community, regulatory bodies and the public. It is harmful in many ways. As a result, various mechanisms have been introduced to mitigate the occurrence of fraudulent financial reporting case. In Malaysia, the Malaysian regulatory authorities have designed various controls and undertaken all kinds of actions and reforms to mitigate the occurrence of fraudulent financial reporting case, to enhance the integrity of the capital markets and to restore investors’ confidence. The most important one is the reform of Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG) which emphasizes on the role of audit committee and external auditor in an organization. Such a committee should possess certain characteristics in order for it to function effectively. From previous studies, it is apparent that not many researches have been conducted into examining the reform of corporate governance in Malaysia. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the reform that has been undertaken by the Malaysian regulatory authorities from 1998 until 2012.
Deb Proshad Halder, Hosam Shatnawi, Md. Arif Khan Pathan, Muhammad Shajedul Arifeen, Zawad Rami
A remarkable change in Bangladesh’s tertiary examination system is now in urgent demand. Competency, Inclusivity, and Equity are essential elements in education and are required to be applied today. By considering all these factors, the article analyses the assessment context of higher education in Bangladesh, noting misalignment with global standards, issues with assessment design, and policy weaknesses. Based on a mixed-methods approach in a range of institutions, the study identifies underlying faults, such as out-of-date exam formats and inconsistent pedagogical applications, and provides recommendations drawing on global best practice and constructivist theory. There is a vision for a four-stranded reform architecture, with policy, pedagogy, infrastructure, and teacher professional development to create an equitable competency-based system of assessment. This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge on education reform within developing contexts by offering a data-driven and scalable pathway towards system change in assessment.
Ariff Ali, Muhammad Nur Firdaus Nasir, Yusri Salleh, Zulimran Ahmad
The rapid rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly reshaping higher education across the globe particularly within creative disciplines like graphic design. AI-driven tools are now integral to ideation, visualization, and production processes, allowing for faster workflows, enhanced experimentation, and new modes of visual communication. Yet, this technological evolution also introduces complex pedagogical and institutional challenges. Many universities are grappling with curriculum obsolescence, as current programs often fail to cultivate the AI literacy and critical design-thinking skills demanded by the modern creative economy. Simultaneously, issues surrounding assessment integrity and academic honesty have become more pressing, given AI’s ability to generate outputs nearly indistinguishable from student work. Legal and ethical questions regarding authorship, copyright, and data transparency further complicate the educational landscape. Moreover, unequal access to AI technologies risks deepening existing global educational disparities. This Structured Literature-Type (SLT) study synthesizes international research from 2020 to 2025 to explore these challenges and propose evidence-based strategies. It introduces a comprehensive Curriculum Assessment Capability Governance (CACG) framework to guide higher education institutions in implementing responsible, inclusive, and future-ready AI integration within design education.
Ahmad Afif Ahmarofi, Anis Faradella Abdul Malik, Khairul Adilah binti Ahmad
The rapid acceleration of the digital society, characterized by information saturation and technological integration, compels libraries to undergo a fundamental strategic reframing. This paper argues that, to effectively counteract the narrative of obsolescence, libraries must transition from demonstrating value through passive, internal metrics (such as collection size or output statistics) to quantifying their tangible, outcome-based contribution to institutional mission. Despite empirical confirmation that digital marketing practices are significantly more effective than traditional methods in driving service utilization, the full integration of Library and Information Science theory with modern marketing frameworks remains a persistent challenge. This paper proposes the Digital Engagement and Innovation Framework (DEIF), a new conceptual model designed to bridge this gap. The DEIF synthesizes foundational marketing strategy (Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning) with the library-centric 4S strategic model, operationalized through three interdependent pillars: Data-Driven Intelligence, which utilizes AI and predictive analytics for personalized services; User-Centric Design, which mandates the application of User Experience principles to all service touchpoints; and an Adaptive Organizational Structure, which formalizes marketing roles and addresses critical skills gaps and resistance to change. This framework positions strategic marketing as synonymous with outcome-based planning, emphasizing the collection of verifiable Return on Investment and Key Performance Indicators to justify fiscal commitment. The paper concludes by recommending the DEIF for rigorous empirical validation across diverse library sectors to ensure its effectiveness as a model for sustainable strategic innovation and engagement.
Genesis Z. Tayanes, MAED, Gladys S. Escarlos, Kissy Kyle S. Lozarito, MALE
This systematic review examines how Critical Theory reframes school stakeholder engagement within educational governance and leadership. It responds to the continuing dominance of hierarchical and bureaucratic decision-making that limits authentic participation despite decades of decentralization reforms. By integrating evidence from twenty-eight (28) studies published between 2017 and 2025, the review synthesizes international and Philippine research through the analytical lens of Critical Theory, emphasizing power relations, communicative action, and emancipation. Guided by PRISMA methodology and thematic synthesis, the review identifies persistent tensions between policy rhetoric and democratic practice. Studies from contexts such as Iran, South Korea, China, Brazil, and the Philippines reveal that participatory mechanisms often remain procedural rather than transformative, constrained by cultural deference and structural control. Findings demonstrate that genuine stakeholder engagement emerges when governance emphasizes reflective dialogue, shared agency, and distributed leadership supported by institutional trust. The review contributes to theory by positioning engagement as an emancipatory process grounded in communication and equity, extending the works of Habermas and Freire into practical governance models. It further recommends that educational leaders institutionalize spaces for critical reflection and participatory decision-making, while policymakers strengthen decentralization with equitable capacity-building and transparency mechanisms. The study concludes that stakeholder engagement in education must evolve from compliance toward communicative collaboration to realize democratic governance and social justice.
Afizan Mokhtar, Atik Rusdiani, Dwan Ridwan, Hamid Mukhlis, Hasan Hariri, Muhammad Nurwahidin, Noorsidi Aizuddin Mat Noor, Siti Zaleha Daud
This research reviewed the studies systematically on the lack of items in the two popular Western tools, the Principal Leadership Questionnaire (PLQ) and the Transformational Teaching Questionnaire (TTQ), to determine cultural and institutional factors that render these concepts irrelevant when used in the Indonesian educational context. The research design used was a mixed-methods, sequential-exploratory design, which involved four sequential stages that included (1) translation and expert panel review; (2) a pilot test with 488 teachers; (3) exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis; and (4) qualitative think-aloud interviews with 20 teachers. It was observed that 24 items were eliminated because they were not compatible with the Indonesian high-power distance, collectivism values, and preference towards high-context communication. Four cultural friction themes were identified: (1) the items of the Intellectual Stimulation theme were perceived as provocative to authority, (2) individualistic items opposed the culture of collective humility, (3) the themes of "Individualised Consideration" were opposed to the culture of indirect expression, and (4) items of direct communication. The revised 36-item PLQ-Indonesia and TTQ-Indonesia showed good psychometric fit parameters (CFI=.94, RMSEA=.05) and exhibited cultural validity, which operationalised a construct that is referred to as Collective Moral Leadership. These results emphasise the idea that international global leadership scales can be adapted successfully only with the help of cultural translation and not just linguistic change. This research project provides a methodological paradigm to other non-Western settings such as Malaysia in strengthening the validity of the leadership studies, shaping culturally based policy formulation, and developing contextually relevant leadership. The analysis should be extended by future research abiding by cross-nation surveys to test the modified models as a way of making global leadership theories gain independence and viability that attains global validity but is specific to the cultural settings of a particular country, termed asglobal validity.
Ayu Anggraini Tambunan, M. Irvanni Bahri, Nur Aima Shafie, Siti Khikmatul Rizqi
The administration of village funds in Indonesia is crucial for fostering local economic growth in accordance with the principles of good governance. The community-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) is a primary tool for optimising the utilisation of community revenues. This study seeks to examine options for enhancing BUMDes via integration with regional development planning, concentrating on Bireuen Regency, which possesses significant potential in agriculture, marine, and tourism sectors. The employed methodology is a qualitative study utilising a descriptive-analytical technique grounded in secondary data, encompassing regulations, governmental papers, academic literature, and statistical information pertinent to the advancement of BUMDes in Bireuen. The findings indicate that while the quantity of BUMDes in Bireuen rose from 326 units in 2019 to 356 units in 2021, a disparity persists between the number of villages and the active BUMDes. This data suggests that the primary issue pertains not just to the quantity of BUMDes but also to the quality of governance and sustainability. The primary issues encountered consist of inadequate planning, insufficient transparency about the utilisation of village funds, and constrained human resource capabilities. Nonetheless, the ample local potential presents significant chances for village business growth, particularly through the utilisation of village finances for agriculture, fisheries, and processed products rooted in local knowledge. This study establishes that the incorporation of BUMDes enhancement into regional development planning is an essential method for attaining economic autonomy in villages of Bireuen Regency. The execution of this strategy necessitates unwavering policy endorsement, clear oversight, robust business planning, and enhanced managerial competence. Consequently, BUMDes can operate effectively as a catalyst for rural economic advancement, enhance community autonomy, and exemplify the implementation of ethical governance principles at the local tier.
Hapsah Md Yusof, Norazani Ahmad, Nurul Ain Mohd Daud, Pau Kee
The growing burden of mental‑health concerns among university students necessitates models that move beyond conventional counselling delivery toward scalable, engaging, and evidence‑attuned ecosystems. This conceptual article delineates the Neuro‑Immersive Wellness Centre (NIWC) at Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), a model that integrates neurofeedback, immersive reality (VR/XR), and AI‑assisted analytics with positive‑psychology principles to support student wellbeing, practitioner training, and community engagement. Grounded in neuroplasticity, experiential learning, and purpose‑driven wellbeing, NIWC operationalizes immersive interventions, data‑informed progress monitoring, and pedagogical scaffolds for trainee counsellors. The article critically appraises the model’s affordances and constraints—including ethical governance, cultural adaptation, cost, and sustainability—and proposes a tiered adoption pathway that emphasizes low‑cost digital literacy and reflective practices before high‑end technologies. Clear recommendations are outlined for replication, policy integration, and a pragmatic research agenda to evaluate outcomes and equity in resource‑diverse higher‑education contexts.
Edwin B. Arzoaquoi, Isaac Gbadeh Jolokleh
In the psychological literature, there has been a lot of discussion on elementary school pupils who are disengaged at school. The student's perception of his or her academic ability is key at the primary school level. This study aimed at establishing a relationship between academic self-concept and school disengagement among primary schools pupils in Liberia. Correlational design was used in the study. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample, which included 246 pupils from five primary schools in Liberia. A modified version of the Academic Self-concept Scale (ASCS) was used as a tool to measure students' perceptions of their own academic abilities. The information was gathered, put into an analytical format, and significance tests were run using the Statistical Software for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The gathered information was analysed and given a personality using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found a significant but positive correlation (r = .174, p = .01) between academic self-concept and school disengagement. The study may be important to educational authorities and school counselors who might use the findings to create supportive programmes which stimulate the academic abilities of the students and improve academic outcomes. The study might also support students in creating a positive academic self-concept that will motivate them to stay in school, thus avoiding school disengagement.
Amoroso, Sheila E, Bocacao, Hazel R, Decipulo, Ayessa C, Labanon, Daniel M
With reading comprehension skills continuing to decline globally and locally, understanding the cognitive factors that are associated with it has become increasingly important. This study explored the relationship between cognitive biases and reading comprehension among 62 second-year Bachelor of Secondary Education students at Partido State University-College of Education. Using a descriptive-correlational design, the research aimed to describe the relationship between students’ susceptibility to six cognitive biases—anchoring bias, confirmation bias, cognitive overload bias, the Dunning-Kruger effect, the illusion of truth effect, and the recency effect—and their reading comprehension levels. Data were collected through an expert-validated 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and secondary data from the university’s Reading Center. Statistical analysis revealed that while students demonstrated varying levels of susceptibility to specific cognitive biases, no statistically significant relationship was found between these biases and their reading comprehension levels. These findings suggest that while cognitive biases may influence how students engage with texts, they do not directly predict reading comprehension performance in this sample. The study underscores reading as a complex cognitive task and recommends continued research into other contributing factors, such as metacognitive awareness, language proficiency, and motivation, to better support student literacy. Future studies may consider alternative methods or mixed designs to explore this relationship more comprehensively.
Dr. Catherine Mwarari, Dr. Wambua Pius Muasa, Nelly Ndivo
Marriage remains a key societal institution, with marital stability crucial for couples and child-rearing. Despite rising interest, especially in the era of social media, limited research examines Facebook use and marital stability among married individuals. This study investigated this relationship in Embakasi West Constituency, guided by Social Exchange and Social Comparison Theories. Using a quantitative correlational survey design, 300 respondents completed structured questionnaires, including the Facebook Intensity Scale and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale. Findings revealed that Facebook use has both positive and negative effects, with excessive use undermining trust, intimacy, and quality time. Recommendations include awareness programs by counselors, curricular revisions in educational institutions, and policymaker engagement.
Daryl John M. Tautu-an, Gezel Jee S. Sumaylo, Milagros S. Rosacia
Barangay chairpersons hold a crucial role in promoting good governance and ensuring equitable service implementation across the Philippines. This study, entitled Relevance of Barangay Chairperson's Competence and Service Implementation investigates the relationship between chairpersons' competencies and service implementation using Pearson's correlation test. Adopting a descriptive correlational approach, data were gathered through questionnaires in nine selected barangays using zoning sampling targeting residents aged 18 and above. The competence of barangay chairpersons was evaluated, with direction rated as the highest area of competence and accountability as the lowest. In terms of service implementation, health and social welfare services were rated the highest, while the maintenance of the Katarungang Pambarangay was rated the lowest. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r = 0.992) underscores the critical role of competent chairpersons in service implementation. This positive correlation resonates with Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership, emphasizing the interaction between leadership style and situational factors. Rejecting the null hypothesis supports the alternative hypothesis, highlighting the significant association between competencies and effective service implementation.
B. O. Ishioro, E.K. Owamah, P.C. Egbon
This study examines the relationship between remittances and economic growth in ten selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 2000 to 2023 using annual data from the World Bank. Anchored on the Two-Gap Model and an ex-post facto research design, this study employed cross-sectional dependence, unit root, and Granger causality tests, alongside Panel Estimated Generalized Least Squares (EGLS) with cross-section Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) weights to account for heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence across countries. Economic growth (dependent variable) was proxied by GDP per capita growth, while remittances, trade openness, and foreign direct investment (FDI) served as explanatory variables. The results indicate that remittances and FDI significantly promote economic growth, whereas trade openness exerts a negative but insignificant effect. The results also revealed a unidirectional causality from remittances to growth in the selected countries. This study concludes that remittances play a critical role in fostering growth in the region. It recommends, among other things, that governments in Sub-Saharan African countries should enhance diaspora engagement and implement policies that reduce remittance transfer costs through mobile banking and streamlined financial systems.
Aureus, Mary Grace A., Dick Harence Dela Vega, Matamorosa, Maria Liwayway P., Rey A. Anonuevo., San Agustin, Maria Joycee C.
This descriptive-correlational study utilizes the standardized Research and Development Framework (RDF) to assess the personal profiles of the 48 regular faculty of CBSUA-Sipocot alongside their knowledge and intellectual abilities, and personal effectiveness. This data is analyzed utilizing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27; frequency count and percentage for personal profiling, mean and ranking for assessing research competence, and Kendall's Tau-b in determining the relationship between personal profiles and research competence because the gathered data is not normally distributed and has several ties rank (Lee, 2025). Out of the 34 non-mandated faculty (instructors and assistant professors), 13 research paper have been completed: seven are collaborative efforts, and five have been published, with two of the published works having been cited. On the other hand, 7 research papers - three collaborative and four published with one citation - have been completed by the 16 faculty members mandated (associate professor) to conduct research. Moreover, the 48 faculty members at CBSUA-Sipocot exhibit moderate level of Knowledge and Intellectual Capacity - Knowledge Base: 3.11, Cognitive Abilities: 3.20, and Creativity: 3.21 - and Personal Effectiveness - Personal Qualities: 3.19, Self-management: 3.17, and Professional and Career Development: 3.11. Finally, the positive significant correlation between the faculty’s profile and research competence – knowledge, creativity, and personal qualities - suggests provision of necessary training, activities, and programs that shall articulate research productivity while maintaining balance between work and leisure.
Antonio Manuel Moreno Barranco, David Díaz Jiménez, Juana María Morcillo Martínez, Macarena Espinilla Estévez, María Mercedes Párraga Vico
This study analyzes the use of video surveillance cameras in the homes of older adults who use the Home Help Service (SAD) in Castro del Río (Córdoba, Spain). In a context of an aging population and growing demand for home care, the research evaluates the acceptance, impact, and feasibility of integrating surveillance technologies as a care support tool. Using a mixed-methods approach—including a literature review, surveys, and interviews with users and family members—several benefits are identified: increased safety, peace of mind for families, and rapid response to emergencies. Concerns related to privacy and data control are also identified. The results show greater acceptance among family members than among users themselves, highlighting the need for flexible, personalized, and ethically regulated technological solutions. The study concludes with proposals such as the use of informed consent, the personalization of options, and respect for privacy, positioning surveillance cameras as a complementary tool within a more humanized, efficient, and person-centered home care model.
John Victor C. Acilo, Leah P. Maquidato, Roland Matthew E. Ligutan, Tehena C. Ebale
The primary purpose of this study was to determine the residents’ perception on the swine and poultry farm in barangay Untaga, Alicia, Bohol in terms of health, odor, and water resources. This study also determined the profile of the selected 150 respondents as to their estimated monthly income, highest educational attainment, occupation and purok address and analyzed if there was a significant difference between residents’ profile and their perception. Through descriptive research design, the researchers used survey questionnaires to determine the residents’ perception about the swine and poultry farm. Before final survey, the questionnaire systematically underwent pilot testing using Exploratory Factor Analysis in barangay La Hacienda, Alicia, Bohol where there is also a poultry farm nearby before doing the final survey in barangay Untaga, Alicia, Bohol. The R Studio was utilized in computing the data during pilot testing and final survey. Majority of the respondents acquired a “Very High” perception in terms of impact in Health, Odor, and Water Resources. Through One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the result revealed that there was no significant difference between residents’ profile and to their perception. Thus, the null hypothesis has been failed to be rejected. Except between Highest educational attainment and Health because the result showed that in this area, there is a significant difference when the two categories are compared. Therefore, estimated monthly income, occupation and purok address are factors that do not affect the perception of the residents, apart from the highest educational attainment, which can be a significant factor in influencing residents’ perception when it comes to the extensive swine and poultry production.
Harmi Izzuan Bin Baharum, Huirong Geng
The National Matriculation English Test (NMET), which is the English language entrance examination to Chinese universities, has long been criticized for creating negative washback on English education in high schools in China, as its high-stakes nature creates significant pressure on schools to align their teaching with test requirements, given its wide ranging societal and educational impact. This paper reviews the empirical research related to washback of NMET in the Chinese context. A systematic review was conducted on articles published between 2016 and June, 2025. These articles were subjected to thematic analysis in which four broad categories were identified: influence on teaching practices; influence on student learning strategies, motivation, and perceptions; impact on learning outcomes; and the direction of washback. Findings suggest that future researches are required to adopt longitudinal and multi-contextual approaches to capture the evolving nature of washback, examine how reforms are mediated by local conditions, and explore strategies for bridging the gap between exam preparation and the broader goals of English education.
Faraha Hamidi, Lee Huan Yik, Syadiyah Huda Suhaimi
In a multilingual and multicultural country like Malaysia, languages play a pivotal role not only in maintaining ethnic and cultural identity, but also, more importantly, in promoting unity and nation-building imperatives. In recent years, however, certain segments of the population have attempted to ‘sensationalise’ issues of ethno-cultural and religious intolerance, as well as linguistic incompetence, particularly in the national language (and to some extent English) for vested interests and narrow socio-political agendas. These have allegedly been framed as manifestations of our adoption of ‘integrationist’ over ‘assimilationist’ ideologies since independence. With these issues in mind, this paper seeks to revisit the stigmatisation of decades-old multilingual policies in Malaysia. Grounded in Ruiz’s language planning orientations and Cobarrubias’ language ideological framework, this paper examines how the national curriculum helps shape students’ linguistic repertoires. More importantly, it seeks to explore the potential of multilingual education in promoting unity, social cohesion, and nation-building among young Malaysians. This study adopts a qualitative document-based approach by analyzing past and present education policy documents, current media reports, and existing scholarly research relevant to multilingual education and language planning in Malaysia. This method enables a systematic understanding of how policies are framed, debated, and contested across different platforms while also revealing how language ideologies are embedded in educational planning. Through triangulating insights from these multiple sources, the study identifies recurring ideological tensions and patterns that reflect broader sociopolitical discourses surrounding language in Malaysia. Ultimately, this study reaffirms the role of multilingual education policies in balancing divergent but often complementary ideologies, demands, and aspirations of both the people and the state. Multiple identities, we argue, can co-exist harmoniously within an enabling environment. As a way forward, Malaysians should move beyond mere tolerance or acceptance of societal multilingualism. Instead, there is a need to advocate for embracive and inclusive multilingual education policies in the spirit of celebrating and sustaining ethnolinguistic diversity as valuable resources in a plurilingual society.
Arnida Jahya, Noor Rafhati Romaiha, Nurul Ezaili Alias, Rozana Othman, Wei-Loon Koe
Digital transformation and artificial intelligence (AI) are redefining how organizations attract, develop, and retain talent, challenging the traditional foundations of human resource management (HRM). In Malaysia’s Electrical and Electronics (E&E) manufacturing sector, a key engine of export and innovation, engineers are vital to competitiveness, yet their retention has become increasingly difficult amid automation, evolving skill demands, and growing concerns over AI’s ethical use. This conceptual study revisits talent management and engineer retention through an integrated multitheoretical lens combining the Resource-Based View (RBV), Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT), and Human-Centric Artificial Intelligence (HCAI). It advances a Human–AI Synergy Framework that links AI-driven Talent Management Practices (AITMP), such as recruitment analytics, adaptive learning, predictive retention, and data-informed performance management, to Employer Branding (EB) as a mediating mechanism that enhances engineers’ Intention to Stay (ITS). The relationship is moderated by HCAI principles of fairness, transparency, explainability, and privacy, and enabled by Dynamic HR Capabilities (DHC) that allow organizations to sense, seize, and reconfigure talent systems in response to digital change. Practically, the study offers actionable insights for Malaysia’s E&E companies, including skills personalization, ethical AI governance, augmented leadership, and the infusion of “technological empathy” into employer branding. Conceptually, it positions AI-enabled HRM as both a strategic asset and a moral commitment to human dignity and sustainable retention. The paper concludes with a structured agenda for empirical validation through PLS-SEM mediation and moderation analysis, longitudinal transformation studies, and cross-ASEAN comparative research on AI trust, ethics, and workforce engagement.
Cesar Henrique Marson de Andrade, Diandra da Silva Valencio Netz, Rodrigo Alves Correia
This article aims to conduct a critical analysis of the concept of the cordial man by Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, as presented in his work Raízes do Brasil. Initially, the text explores the concept of a cordial man, which refers to the figure of a Brazilian characterized by cordiality in social relations, but who, at the same time, carries a trait of submission, resulting from Portuguese cultural heritage. This concept, according to the author, would be at the root of corrupt practices in Brazilian politics, where voters and politicians share mutual responsibility for corruption. By associating corruption with the poorest population, predominantly made up of black and mixed-race people, the concept of the cordial man obscures the broader dimensions of racism in Brazil, making invisible the role of elites and businesspeople in maintaining structures of power and oppression. Disguised racial prejudice thus becomes a form of hidden segregation, validated by the social construction itself that marginalizes certain groups in the name of "cordiality." The cordial man not only diverts attention from the responsibilities of the elites but also perpetuates a distorted view of Brazilian social reality, hiding structural racism and its disguised forms. To carry out this study, the hypothetical- deductive approach method was adopted, which allows starting from situations previously formulated and tested through a critical analysis of existing literature. Bibliographical research is used as the main research technique, enabling a grounded and contextualized reflection on the issues raised.
Ahmad Fudhil Mohd Zaini, Alisha Nabila Aziram, Ameerul Imran Idris, Noris Fatilla Ismail, Nursyaza Aliah Radzi
This research investigates the influence of inflation on economic growth, with particular focus on developing economies. Previous studies reveal that the relationship between inflation and growth is not uniform but instead varies depending on the country context and time period under review. Evidence from developing European nations shows that inflation exerts a slight negative impact on growth, whereas research conducted in Pakistan highlights a significant adverse effect of inflation on economic growth in both the short and long run. Conversely, another study covering the period 1980–2018 in Pakistan reported no meaningful effect of inflation or unemployment on economic performance. Given these mixed and sometimes contradictory findings, this study adopts a time series approach to explore the dynamics between inflation and economic growth, with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) employed as the dependent variable. The analysis relies on the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation technique, implemented through EViews software. To capture the relationship in greater detail, a semi-log linear regression model was utilized, incorporating inflation, interest rate, government consumption, and trade openness as explanatory variables. Additionally, robustness checks and the Ramsey RESET test were conducted to validate the stability and proper specification of the model. The empirical outcomes suggest that inflation exerts a substantial positive effect on economic growth, reinforcing the ongoing debate on macroeconomic stability and balanced policy intervention. Overall, the study underscores the importance of effective inflation management as a prerequisite for sustaining long-term economic growth in developing nations.
Dr. Erwin D. Naval, Rheena Nina S. Salinas
The abstract presents a concise overview of a study exploring the alignment between the Environment Code of Nueva Vizcaya and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13 (Climate Action). It outlines the study’s methodology, key findings, and implications for policy reform, emphasizing the importance of stakeholder knowledge and effective implementation in achieving local climate goals. This study examines the alignment of policy mechanisms between the Environment Code of Nueva Vizcaya and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13 (Climate Action). Through a qualitative-quantitative design involving comparative content analysis and surveys, the research evaluates policy coherence, stakeholder knowledge, and implementation effectiveness across the domains of climate mitigation and adaptation. Respondents include representatives from government, academe, church, and community sectors. Results show partial alignment between the local code and SDG 13, with strong convergence in areas like climate resilience, education, and policy integration. However, gaps remain in financing mechanisms and global coordination. Findings also reveal generally poor stakeholder knowledge of climate provisions, contributing to ineffective policy implementation. Statistical analysis indicates significant differences in knowledge and implementation levels across groups and domains. The study underscores the need for improved policy awareness, grassroots engagement, and intersectoral collaboration to localize climate action effectively. A policy brief is proposed to guide amendments to the Environment Code, ensuring stronger alignment with international climate standards. The research highlights the urgency of institutional and moral commitment in addressing climate risks at the local level.
Dr Djefedie Stéphane Contard
The digital transition is fostering the rapid rise of artificial intelligence, which, in turn, is further driving digitalization, leading to a profound and lasting transformation of society. The growing adoption of artificial intelligence in organizational activities as well as in various aspects of daily life raises the issue of potential associated dangers. This text highlights the emergence of artificial intelligence and examines various risks arising from progressive and disruptive innovations on the social fabric. It also encourages reflection on the expected benefits as well as the precautions to be considered in the context of this technological change.
Dr DJEFEDIE Stéphane Contard
The digital transition is fostering the rapid rise of artificial intelligence, which, in turn, is further driving digitalization, leading to a profound and lasting transformation of society. The growing adoption of artificial intelligence in organizational activities as well as in various aspects of daily life raises the issue of potential associated dangers. This text highlights the emergence of artificial intelligence and examines various risks arising from progressive and disruptive innovations on the social fabric. It also encourages reflection on the expected benefits as well as the precautions to be considered in the context of this technological change.
Dr. Abd. Wahib Wahab, Msc., Dr. Ir. Eymal B Demmallino, M.Si, Dr. Ir. M. Farid Samawi M.Si, Rudi Toba
Green and smart mining in today’s industry has become one of objectives target to be fulfilled by the mining operator, it respectively in looking into current and future challenges of climate changes along the strategy implementation of decarbonization and energy conservation. The orebody containing negative characteristic of geochemical lead into the needs of effort to handle them in later stage of mining process. It’s created an extra cost due to the needs to perform activities meeting standard compliance and or paying the consequences following fail in fulfil the contractual obligations. Composition of metal concentrate containing un-expected residual mineral or gangue could create an extra effort for the facility of metal refinery or smelter for handle it. Especially at containing gangues who can negatively impacted and suffering the environmental. The better understanding of value impact since this presenting of negative chemical ores can further provide a sufficient program and preparation of resources upfront for risk mitigation. On the other side of risk positive, there is benefit generated by use this pyrite on another application. It then calls for a need of resources to handling and converting them to become valuable product for selling. Planning for resource allocation under the establish program to better of managing the risk and lead into success of organization to execute the target. It therefore there are two essential things shall organization be considered in address this, they are: establish roadmap or program for properly managing the pyrites and make the determination at the needs of resources to be allocated into each activity under it’s setup roadmap. This written paragraph aiming exercise the key criteria in establishing the roadmap of handling pyrites by firstly understand the cost consequences into the living environmental at the do-nothing action. The determination of roadmap itself is achieved by conducting the risk assessment to early engineering design process activities and the effectiveness of exist control with residual risk to be continue review and monitor under the setup of roadmap program.
Punida Sathivheil, Siti Fatimah Md Shariff
Patient safety is central to healthcare quality, and nurses play a pivotal role in sustaining safe practices. Examining patient safety culture and its link to safety performance provides insights into areas for improvement. This study aimed to (1) identify the perceived level of safety performance among registered nurses, (2) assess the perceived level of patient safety culture, (3) determine the relationship of patient safety culture on safety performance, and (4) evaluate the influence of sociodemographic factors in a private hospital in Kedah, Malaysia. A quantitative correlational cross-sectional design was conducted with 247 registered nurses selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and analysed with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests, ANOVA, regression, and Pearson correlation. Nurses reported highly positive safety performance, with safety participation (98.0%), compliance (96.8%), and overall performance significantly above benchmarks (p < 0.05). Patient safety culture was positively perceived in organizational learning (89.9%), event reporting (91.1%), management support (65.2%), teamwork (59.9%), and communication openness (57.1%). However, staffing (51.4% positive, 48.6% negative) and overall perceptions of patient safety scored lower. Pearson correlation and regression confirmed a strong positive relationship between patient safety culture and safety performance (p < 0.05). Sociodemographic characteristics—age, education, years of service, and unit type were significantly associated with variations, with older, more experienced, and highly educated nurses in surgical and intensive care units reporting stronger safety culture and performance. Patient safety culture is a significant predictor of safety performance. While overall perceptions were positive, staffing adequacy and communication openness remain challenges. Leadership commitment, non-punitive reporting, and safe staffing policies are essential to strengthen safety culture and improve patient outcomes.
Collins Keraka Nyantari
The COVID 19 pandemic is a global health crisis which has introduced different parameters in the work environment. This is especially true for university employees who have been affected by it. This has led to introduction of various adjustments to the workplace environment such as social distancing measures of 1.5 meters, wearing of face masks, regular washing of hands, online learning, remote working etc. There are over 22 million confirmed cases worldwide and this shows just how far reaching the virus is within different geographic areas and communities. The communities which encompass university employees are now faced with multiple challenges emanating from the risk of contracting the virus itself, to the knock-on repercussions from containment measures on health, education and livelihood systems. The specific objectives of this study are to determine the following among university employee during COVID 19 pandemic and they include: to determine the worker’s knowledge of safety standards, to determine safety policies, to establish safety communication and to establish employee participation in implementation of safety standards. This study adopted a mixed method research design which encompassed desk review methodology. Data was collected through use of key informant interviews. Thematic analysis was carried out to analyze qualitative data. This paper therefore was to find out whether the employees in the sampled universities in Nairobi County, Kenya complied with safety standards especially regarding with the issue of COVID-19 pandemic.
Simona Michelon
School represents one of the fundamental pillars of the cité éducative. It is not merely the place dedicated to the transmission of disciplinary knowledge, but also the space where responsible citizens are shaped—capable of living in pluralistic communities and of facing the challenges of their time (Biesta, 2020). Today, in a context of transformations accelerated by digitalisation and the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), the role of school appears even more crucial, particularly when considering the widespread reluctance and unevenness of families in fostering education for the critical use of technology. UNESCO (2023) stresses that AI must not replace human intelligence, but should be directed towards supporting inclusion, equity, and dignity. In the same vein, the report Reimagining Our Futures Together (UNESCO, 2021b) calls for conceiving education as a common good and for renewing the social contract that sustains it. This contribution arises within a broader action-research process involving nearly 400 Italian teachers from different school levels. The project aims to investigate and measure the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in teaching and learning, using tools such as survey, focus group and statistical report. The research is grounded in Diana Laurillard’s Conversational Framework, which indicate the six-learning method to learning, used for analyzing how AI tools can support, reshape, and extend meaningful teaching interactions. The methodology combines six teaching sessions, each introducing one of the learning activities outlined in Diana Laurillard’s Conversational Framework. After each session, teachers design and test a classroom activity, complete a survey on emotions, engagement and confidence in conducting this activity in class, and then participate in focus groups. The cycle is repeated six times, generating both quantitative and qualitative data. At present, only the baseline survey results are available, which serve as the foundation for the initial discussion presented in this article. This article explores the role of school as a central node of the digital society and proposes a model of inclusive educational governance that enhances the specificities of each territory and institution, involves families, and engages municipalities in building Learning Societies.
Dr. Nhorito Shadreck, Mazvazva Christopher
The article presents a bibliometric review of scholarly research on selective enforcement and politicization of anti-money laundering (AML) enforcement with a focus on how financial inequality worldwide influences enforcement patterns and research priorities in academe. With Scopus and Web of Science datasets for the period 2010–2025, and bibliometric tools such as co-citation analysis, co-word mapping, and temporal trend analysis, intellectual clusters, leading authors, and pioneering research themes are identified in this research. The conclusions highlight a growing academic focus from 2020 onwards on the political economy of AML, the spatially uneven distribution of AML scholarship, and persistent gaps in knowledge with regard to the nexus between enforcement selectivity and global financial inequality. The discussion shows that AML enforcement, while theoretically harmonised across the world, is politicised and disproportionately loads low- and middle-income countries. The paper sets out a future research agenda that integrates bibliometric information with political economy insight to frame equal and risk-based AML regulation.
Jesús Alberto Sánchez Valtierra
This study examined self-directed learning competence in undergraduate students through an integrated mixed-methods design. The qualitative phase included semi-structured interviews with six students identified as competent in self-directed learning; the quantitative phase administered a 30-item Likert scale to 50 employed students (mean age 24.3 years; 56% female). Cronbach's alpha analyses revealed acceptable reliability for personal motivations (α = 0.849) and social skills (α = 0.677), though cognitive competencies showed limitations (α = 0.485). Thematic analysis of interviews identified that self-directed learning emerges from personal initiative, depends on intrinsic motivation and preexisting abilities, and varies by disciplinary context. The findings suggest that personal motivations, persistence, and self-regulation are key antecedents of self-directed learning in university contexts. Implications for curriculum design and future research are discussed.
Jesús Alberto Sánchez Valtierra
The central goal of education, particularly within universities, is to develop autonomous learners capable of directing and monitoring their own learning process. From this premise arises the interest in investigating the concept of self-directed learning, which constitutes the main objective of the present study. The research employed a mixed-methods approach: the qualitative component relied on a case study, using semi-structured interviews with six students identified as competent, while the quantitative component employed self-report instruments administered to fifty students. The results are presented through a categorical analysis that connects the theoretical framework derived from the literature review with the practical data obtained from the applied instruments. The study highlights the importance of fostering self-directed learning as a transversal competence essential for personal growth and academic success in higher education.
Prof. (Mrs.) R. I. Asiyai, Prof. V. F. Peretomode, TEMIENOR, Eguonor
This study investigated the impact of self-motivation on teacher job performance, with a specific focus on the moderating effect of emotional intelligence in public secondary schools in Delta and Edo States of Nigeria. A correlation survey research design was adopted, involving a population of 10,262 teachers across 792 public secondary schools in the six senatorial districts of both states. A sample of 387 teachers was selected using a multi-stage sampling method, incorporating both stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data on self-motivation, emotional intelligence, and job performance were collected through validated structured questionnaires, with reliability testing conducted for the instruments. Analysis of the data involved calculating means, standard deviations, and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. The findings revealed that teachers in both states exhibited high levels of self-motivation, emotional intelligence, and job performance. A significant positive relationship between self-motivation and job performance was observed, with emotional intelligence serving as a significant moderator in this relationship. The study concluded that both self-motivation and emotional intelligence are essential factors in enhancing teacher effectiveness and performance. It recommended that professional development programs should emphasize strengthening teachers' motivational and emotional skills to enhance further performance and maintain educational quality in public secondary schools.
Dinah Gacheri Materi, Dr. Philomena Ndambuki
This study investigated the relationship between self-regulated learning and mathematics achievement among Form Three students in Meru South Sub-County, Kenya, a region characterized by persistent underperformance in the subject. Grounded in Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, the study sought to determine the extent to which students' strategic learning behaviors are associated with their academic outcomes. A correlational research design was employed, involving a sample of 276 Form Three students selected from public secondary schools. Data on self-regulated learning were collected using the Academic Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire (ASRLQ), while mathematics achievement was measured using standardized examination scores. Data were analyzed using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. The results revealed a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between self-regulated learning and mathematics achievement (ρ = .766, p < .001). This finding indicates that students who more frequently employ self-regulatory strategies such as goal setting, self-evaluation, and environmental structuring tend to achieve higher scores in mathematics. The study concludes that self-regulated learning is a critical component of academic success in mathematics and recommends the explicit integration of self-regulated learning strategy instruction into secondary school mathematics pedagogy to better equip students for academic success.
Adebakin Osoja, Ahmed Oyeyemi, Olasunkanmi O. Olasokan, Opeyemi Fadipe
This study offers a thorough analysis of the vital role that mobility plays in economic growth, especially in emerging nations where the proliferation of vehicles and the deterioration of infrastructure coexist. In order to synthesise previous research on the topic and determine if Lane Departure Technology is beneficial in reducing traffic accidents, the study used a scoping review methodology. In order to analyse the significance of the technology adoption in the reduction of detrimental effects that transportation activities have on the environment and society, the study emphasises the necessity of Smart Transportation Systems (STS), sometimes referred to as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). According to the study, a variety of sensors—including infrastructure-, vehicle-, and device-based sensors—are critical to the efficiency of ITS. These sensors gather data in real time for traffic control and safety enhancements. A key component of this system is Lane Departure Warning Systems (LDWS), which use sensors like cameras, Lidar, or radar to track lane locations and issue alarms, greatly enhancing road safety. However, the result points out a number of obstacles to the broad use of ITS and LDWS, including sensor limitations, environmental considerations, high prices, and privacy issues, especially in poor nations. Notwithstanding these difficulties, LDWS has been demonstrated to improve overall vehicle performance and traffic flow by raising driver awareness and lowering accident rates. Promising improvements in lane recognition accuracy and driver behaviour prediction are possible with the incorporation of AI and machine learning into LDWS. In order to create safer and more effective transport systems, this study emphasises the significance of ongoing investment and innovation in ITS and LDWS.
Albin Lemuel Kushan, Mohamad Hafiz Khairuddin, Nur Farhana Binti Mohd Nasir, Nurazian Binti Mior Dahalan
Nowadays, there are too many car reviews on the internet, worldwide. Big manufacturing companies use user feedback to improve product quality by understanding the user perspective. Customers will read reviews on websites or on social media platforms before deciding which cars to buy, and may consider testing at a nearby showroom. So, reviews are very important to both the manufacturer and the customer. Nevertheless, it is hard to extract useful information from hundreds or thousands of reviews on websites or social media platforms. Sentiment analysis is applied across various areas, such as business and products, to analyse and learn from people’s opinions. Fine-grained sentiment analysis is best for analysing the polarity of a sentence and determining its sentiment —positive, negative, or neutral. After preprocessing the reviews, extract features and use Naïve Bayes to classify sentiment. The results will be displayed in the dashboard visualisation so the user can read all the reviews properly. Functional testing is conducted to ensure the system runs smoothly, as it should. There is a need to improve this system, as some of these car models are not very common in Malaysia. Later, we can get data on Malaysia's standard car models and apply the system to them. The model's classification method accuracy could be improved by training and testing the system on a large number of reviews.
Hafizah Hammad Ahmad Khan, Noorlailahusna Mohd Yusof, Raveenthiran Vivekanantharasa
This paper explores the role of service learning as a catalyst for sustainable and inclusive education through a systematic review of thirty-one peer-reviewed studies published between 2008 and 2025. The analysis identifies five core thematic domains: (1) service learning as a pathway to sustainability, (2) inclusive and holistic education through experiential engagement, (3) teacher development and institutional transformation, (4) community empowerment and social justice, and (5) digital innovation and applied learning. Together, these themes demonstrate that service learning connects academic learning with societal needs by fostering sustainability competencies, empathy, civic responsibility, and reflective practice. The study concludes that service learning represents a transformative educational approach that links academic knowledge with community needs, enabling higher education to advance the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through experiential, equitable, and technology-supported pedagogies.
Maisara R, Maizah S.R, Mashita A.J, Mohd Shafiq A.J, Nurnaili S
The study investigates the challenges concerning service quality and guest satisfaction in budget hotels within Bandar Hilir, Melaka, focused on G2S Hotel. This study aims to identify the factors of service quality that contribute to guest satisfaction within the budget hotels in Bandar Hilir, Melaka and to assess the relationship between service quality and guest satisfaction within the budget hotels in Bandar Hilir, Melaka. A quantitative approach is conducted through a survey questionnaire, and convenience sampling technique was utilised. Data collection involved 233 respondents of G2S Hotel. The findings indicate statistically significant relationships between service quality dimensions and satisfaction, providing recommendations for better performance of budget hotels and enhancing the overall experience of guests.
S.Pratheesha, T.Vijayanka
In Sri Lanka, schools are increasingly setting pass rate targets for teachers and students, with educational authorities establishing annual benchmarks to be achieved in national examinations. While intended to improve academic performance, this practice places considerable pressure on teachers, often impacting their teaching methods and overall well-being. This study investigates the performance pressures and challenges faced by English teachers in rural schools as a result of these target-setting practices. It aims to provide insights into how these teachers cope with the demands of meeting pass rate targets in the G.C.E. Ordinary Level (O/L) examination. The study involved two samples of teachers. As the first sample, six randomly selected English teachers, each with over seven years of teaching experience, who participated in face-to-face interviews. Based on the insights gathered from these interviews, a structured questionnaire was developed. Subsequently, 27 English teachers from rural schools were selected as the second sample using a convenience sampling method and were provided with the questionnaire. It included background information, Likert scale items ranging from 0 to 5,and open-ended questions. A mixed-methods approach was employed for data analysis, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings of the study reveal that setting pass rate targets creates performance pressure and numerous challenges for English teachers. The results indicate that these targets influence teachers' instructional methods and often place sole responsibility on teachers, despite the fact that students are also integral participants in the teaching and learning process. This pressure leads to increased anxiety and negatively affects teachers’ work-life balance. Additionally, the socio-economic backgrounds of students in rural areas hinder the achievement of these set targets. The research highlights that setting unrealistic targets for rural schools is problematic, as achieving them cannot rest solely on the shoulders of teachers. Instead, it requires the collaborative effort of the education department, school administration, students, parents, and other stakeholders. Based on these findings, the study recommends that targets be set realistically and in a way that supports the overall effectiveness of the teaching and learning process.
Mazlina Mahali, Muhammad Umar bin Abdul Razak
Shareholder activism refers to efforts to preserve the rights of minority shareholders through the power of equity holdings and generate actions that cause profits to investors. This article examines the relationship between shareholder activism and corporate finance from the context of concepts and emerging trends in Malaysia. Drawing from doctrinal analysis and extant of literature, the study explores the concept of shareholder activism and its role in promoting good corporate governance in corporate finance. Shareholder activism has gained attention globally, including in Malaysia, where institutional investors and shareholder activist are increasingly influential. The article argues that shareholder activism could enhance corporate governance, align financial objectives, and promote sustainable corporate finance. Emerging trends such as environmental, social and governance (ESG) integration and institutional investor dominance indicate that this dynamic interaction will increasingly shape corporate finance. This paper contributes to the discussion on shareholders activism’s role to promote ESG in corporate finance.
Folorunso Obayemi Temitope OBASUYI
This paper reviews the concept of signalling theory in the economics of education, focusing on Gary Becker's (1964) contributions. In the labour market, employers' uncertainty about potential employees' competence and honesty inspires signalling. According to signalling theory, education serves as a signal to employers about an individual's productivity and potential. This review examines Becker's contributions to signalling theory and its application to labour market outcomes, exploring implications for education policy and labor market efficiency. While this paper is a theoretical review, signalling theory has empirical applications in economics of education, informing policymakers and educators about the strategic and efficacy cost of signalling. Understanding signalling theory's implications can help create a more efficient education system and labour market. Consequently, this paper presents two frameworks: the Signalling Theory-Productivity Framework that explains the processes of signaling towards organizational productivity; and the Signalling Theory and Labour Market Efficiency Framework which provides a testable structural model. Finally, we argue that the quality of employer’s signalling attraction depends on the individuals' honesty in education, training acquired and the cost of signaling.
Caleb Chong Senn Yang, Low Choon Keat, Ng Yen Phing, Phoon Gar Chi
This paper presents a comparative simulation study of SYN Flood and HTTP Flood Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks in cloud environments using CloudSim. A modular testbed was configured with attacker VMs generating cloudlets and victim VMs handling legitimate workloads, under realistic network constraints. Experimental results revealed distinct attack signatures: SYN Flood produced high volumes of half-open connections, while HTTP Flood exhausted CPU, memory, and bandwidth due to resource-intensive request processing. SYN Flood achieved a 35% packet loss rate with 10,000 cloudlets, while HTTP Flood produced a 40% loss rate with only 3,000 requests, demonstrating that application-layer attacks, though lower in volume, cause more severe degradation. These findings highlight the importance of nuanced defense strategies tailored to each attack type, beyond volumetric thresholds alone.
Haifa Afieqah Hasbi, Siti Suhana Judi, Zulhabri Ismail
The construction industry in Sarawak is undergoing a gradual digital transformation driven by initiatives such as the Sarawak Digital Economy Strategy and the Integrated Project Monitoring System (iPMS). However, persistent issues—including payment delays, disputes, and inefficient contract management—continue to hinder project performance. Smart contracts, enabled by blockchain technology, offer a promising solution by automating contractual execution, improving transparency, and strengthening accountability. Despite these advantages, adoption in Sarawak remains limited due to regulatory ambiguity, low digital literacy, and inadequate technological infrastructure. This study investigates the acceptance of smart contracts in Sarawak’s construction industry by identifying key drivers, barriers, and innovation attributes influencing adoption. A schematic review methodology was employed, synthesizing peer-reviewed journals, industry reports, and policy documents. The analysis integrates institutional theory (regulative, normative, and cognitive pillars) with diffusion of innovation attributes, including maintainability, reliability, functionality, and usability. Findings reveal strong regulative support through state-led digitalization policies but highlight critical challenges such as limited stakeholder awareness, resistance to workflow changes, and uneven ICT infrastructure in rural areas. To operationalize adoption, the study recommends a multi-stakeholder, phased implementation roadmap that integrates digital literacy programs, pilot smart contract projects, and regulatory alignment strategies. Comparative benchmarking with other Malaysian and ASEAN regions is suggested to identify best practices and scalability potential. Future research should explore cost–benefit analyses, cybersecurity concerns, and integration of smart contracts with BIM and iPMS platforms to enable fully digitalized and secure project delivery systems. By aligning with Sarawak’s digital economy agenda, smart contracts can strengthen efficiency, accountability, and competitiveness in the state’s construction sector.
Aine Izzati Tarmizi, Anis Niza Ramani, Muhammad Jazman, Radi Husin Ramlee
This paper presents that urban populations are increasingly facing challenges related to limited space, lifestyle constraints, and a rising interest in self-sustained food production. Smart farming systems integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) offer promising solutions to support sustainable, space-efficient agriculture. This paper presents the development of an innovative hydroponic gardening system using an ESP8266 microcontroller, ultrasonic water-level monitoring, LED indicators, and mobile-based control via the Blynk application. Beyond the technical contribution, this study emphasises the social significance of IoT-based farming in improving food awareness, reducing labour dependency, and supporting behavioural change towards sustainable urban living. Findings show that the system reliably automates water management, enhancing accessibility for individuals with limited gardening experience or time constraints. The project demonstrates how low-cost IoT hydroponics can support community resilience, environmental awareness, and adaptability to a modern lifestyle.
Ariff Idris, Irda Roslan, Khadijah Wan Mohd Ghazali, Mohd Faeez Alwi, Wong Joe Xien
Drowning is a leading cause of accidental deaths among children, largely due to insufficient supervision and delayed emergency responses. This paper presents the development of the Smart Water Safety for Children system, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based prototype designed to enhance child safety during aquatic activities. The proposed system integrates multiple sensors including a MAX30100 pulse oximeter, a water-level sensor, and a NEO-6MV2 GPS module, all managed by a NodeMCU V3 microcontroller. These components collect real-time physiological and positional data from the child, which is transmitted via Wi-Fi to a Firebase cloud database and visualized through a mobile application developed on Android Studio. The application provides guardians with real-time updates on heart rate, oxygen saturation, and location, issuing alerts when critical thresholds are detected. Functional and physiological testing confirms the system's reliability in identifying near-drowning scenarios and effectively notifying emergency contacts. This system demonstrates a cost-effective, scalable, and accessible solution for enhancing aquatic safety among children.
Goh Wei Seng, Nwanesi Peter Karubi
This study analyzes the social bonding and power dynamics between vendors and local authorities in the Bandar Riyal Wet Market, Sarawak. Focusing on the participatory decision-making approach in community governance, the research explored vendor and local authority relationships, informal negotiation, and organizational structures. While past literature has discussed participatory decision-making approaches to improve the effectiveness of local authorities, there is a lack of research on the functioning of wet market communities and their participation in decision-making processes. This research utilized qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and empirical observations, to understand the complex groups. The findings reveal that although vendors maintain strong internal social bonds that create a collective support system, their participation in market management remains limited. The Kota Samarahan Municipal Council holds primary decision-making power regardless of the vendor committee functioning as an advisory body with minimal influence. This research will clarify the role of social capital in managing small businesses that sustain local markets. Finally, this research emphasizes the need for more inclusive policy frameworks that empower vendor voices in local market management.
Aileen Leisha V. Corey, Gladys S. Escarlos, PhD, Shiena Mhae V. Antonio
Recent research reveals significant gaps in digital resiliency among junior high students, despite increasing digital skills. Many learners exhibit proficiency in digital tools but lack the emotional coping strategies necessary to navigate online challenges such as cyberbullying and technology overuse, leading to anxiety and academic difficulties. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) offers a valuable framework for addressing these gaps by emphasizing self-efficacy, observational learning, and social support as crucial factors in promoting responsible digital citizenship. Empirical studies confirm that enhancing self-efficacy and peer modelling through SCT-based interventions improves students’ motivation, coping mechanisms, and digital citizenship outcomes. This article discusses the theoretical foundations of SCT, the nature of digital resiliency, current gaps in learners’ digital citizenship skills, and how SCT can guide effective educational practices and governance policies to create balanced, resilient digital learners.
Rawia Alfadil Sharif Mahmoud, Shadia Abdelrahim Mohamed Daoud
This research aimed to explore the social integration process among Nuba youth, specifically those from migrant families born in Khartoum State. The Nuba group refers to the people of South Kordofan in Western Sudan, who are currently experiencing ongoing conflict. A purposive sampling method was employed to select a total of 120 male and female Nuba youth participants. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews utilizing a pretested questionnaire. The findings of the study revealed that these youth live in challenging conditions marked by high rates of illiteracy, unemployment, and social isolation, leading them to develop their own lifestyle, which renders them vulnerable to exploitation and violence. Additionally, the results indicated that the social integration of Nuba youth with the host community is limited, despite changes in their socio-cultural practices and the adoption of a lifestyle that differs from that of the Nuba group.
Godwin Abugatwin Abugbilla
This systematic review critically synthesizes existing literature and aggregated data on the multifaceted impact of social media on Ghanaian youth aged 13–30. Drawing on peer-reviewed studies and national digital reports from 2015 to 2025, this paper examines the impact of social media on mental health, education, social and cultural identity, and socio-economic outcomes. Social media platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, TikTok, and Instagram are widely adopted, with approximately 7.95 million active social media users in Ghana as of early 2025, representing around 23% of the total population, and 39.2% of adults aged 18 and above (Datar portal, 2025). The review highlights positive outcomes, including networking, learning, and digital entrepreneurship, alongside challenges such as increased anxiety, academic distractions, and cultural shifts. Gaps include the limited availability of longitudinal research, the underrepresentation of rural and marginalized youth, and a scarcity of intervention studies. Recommendations focus on policy, education, and mental health programming tailored to the Ghanaian context.
Dike, Harcourt Whyte, Dr. Stella Chinyere Enyindah, KALAGBOR Chituru
This study examined how social media trends influence agenda-setting and public opinion formation in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, with specific focus on the X platform (formerly Twitter). Anchored on the Agenda-Setting Theory, the research investigated three key questions: why Nigerian X users engage with certain trends over others, how frequently these trends shape opinion formation, and how influencers direct public discourse. Using a descriptive survey design, the study sampled 384 respondents from Port Harcourt's population of 3,688,308 through multi-stage sampling techniques. Data collection involved 323 valid questionnaire analyzed using frequencies and mean scores. Findings revealed that Nigerian X users engage with trends based on multiple factors: algorithmic visibility and frequency of appearance on timelines emerged as the strongest determinant, followed by entertainment value, emotional connection, and personal relevance, peer influence, and political importance. Social justice movements, particularly #EndSARS and #EndBadGovernance, dominated as the most prominent trends, followed by politics and governance and public health issues. The study demonstrated that X trends frequently influence opinion formation across social issues and political matters, health issues and popular culture, and economic concerns. Influencers emerged as powerful agenda-setters who determine topic visibility, frame discourse through strategic presentation, serve as thought leaders, and actively engage followers to shape public opinion. However, challenges persist regarding misinformation dissemination, echo chamber effects, and the quality of public discourse. The study recommends that influencers promote constructive dialogue, X platform collaborate with fact-checking organizations, and stakeholders encourage critical thinking among users to improve the quality and credibility of digital public discourse in Nigeria's evolving media landscape.
Owusu Sekyere Kwarteng
This study examines the social, academic, and psychological impacts of Ghana’s government COVID-19 measures on university students through the lens of the Human Security and Securitization framework. Many scholars, the world over, have debated about the limitations and issues associated with securitizing public issues by governments. By situating the analysis within these theoretical frameworks, the study seeks to explain how securitizing the educational sector during COVID-19 by the Ghanaian government bred some unintended consequences in students academic performance, social interactions, and psychological wellbeing of university students. The study employed a quantitative descriptive survey to collect data from 100 Political Science students at the University of Education. Krejcie & Morgan’s (1970) table recommends that a population of 1,700 requires a sample size of 315, however, due to logistical constraints, voluntary participation, and limited time for the study, the researcher was only able to gather responses from 120 students, ultimately receiving 100 valid responses. In selecting the participants, the researcher used simple random sampling coupled with a departmental list and a random number generator. Findings of the study revealed that, socially, students maintained peer connections through virtual channels, thereby mitigating risks associated with isolation. Academically, students faced challenges with respect to the Online Management Systems introduced coupled with limited internet access. Psychologically, high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were recorded due to lack of mental health support. While the Government’s measures were laudable, they insufficiently addressed human security concerns. The study recommends investments in virtual learning infrastructure, subsidizing internet costs, and integrating telehealth services in university systems.
Abu Bakar Jaafar, Nor Azrina nor Azura Ab. Rahman, Nur Ulfah Harun, Nurul Shuhada Musa Musah, Tengku Maaidah Tengku A. Razak
This paper examines the societal and technological dimensions of online sexual behaviours and explores emerging challenges and implications. It discusses cultural norms within digital social contexts, gendered vulnerabilities, mental health consequences, and patterns of victimisation. The review also analyses technological developments including deepfake production, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and social media infrastructures and highlights their influence on privacy, content creation, and legal governance. The findings underscore the complex interactions between societal attitudes and technological capabilities that continuously reshape how online sexual behaviours are produced, normalised, and regulated. To address these multidimensional issues, the review emphasises the importance of strengthened regulatory frameworks, multistakeholder collaboration, and public awareness initiatives that promote safer digital environments. This study employed a systematic literature review approach, enabling the inclusion of both empirical and conceptual studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the societal, psychological, legal, and technological aspects of online sexual behaviours. To ensure transparency and methodological rigour, the reporting framework followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines
Dr. D. Rajyalakshmi, K. Madhu Babu
Women’s role in economic development, in most countries of the world, cannot be undermined. In the third world countries, especially, where agricultures still constitutes the main source of livelihood and the main area of work for most people, women’s contribution is quite high. The strategies undertaken for the development of agriculture in these economies were more concerned with the increase in productivity through mechanization of the agricultural production process and neglected the sex specific composition of the rural labour force. Overtime, men gained from the technical change that came about in agriculture while women were marginalized. They remained mostly as low paid casual labourers. India’s female population, as per 2011 census, is 586.46 million and constitutes 48.46 percent of the total population. Nearly 75 percent of the female population in rural and mostly belong to the subsistence sector. In agriculture women mostly undertake labour intensive and drudgery prone activities like transplanting, weeding, harvesting and post harvest operations. They also work in the allied fields such as animal husbandry, forestry, plantation, fishing etc. More often, the economic activities undertaken by the rural women on their own farm or in animal husbandry get disguised as household work and remain unreported. Agricultural work is seasonal in nature. During the off season women in agriculture have to struggle hard to find alternate source of income.
Akinlotan, Peter Adetunji, Olatunji, Daniel Abiodun, Omotosho, Babatunde Olumakinde
In Nigeria, where access to affordable housing remains a persistent challenge, public servants in tertiary institutions are increasingly turning to community-driven solutions. This study quantitatively examines the role of staff cooperative societies as crucial enablers of housing aspirations, using data from a large-scale cross-sectional survey of 2,178 members across nine public tertiary institutions in Oyo State, Nigeria. The findings reveal high homeownership rates (>70%), confirming cooperatives as effective, self-reliant systems in meeting housing aspirations of members. However, a multivariate interaction model demonstrates that this success is highly conditional and unevenly distributed across different groups. The analysis reveals a significant academic advantage at lower-middle income thresholds (specifically, N100,000–N200,000), as the probability of homeownership for academic staff increases substantially, whereas it declines for their non-academic peers in the same income bracket. This conditional disparity based on professional status exists alongside a significant and persistent gender gap that disadvantages female members. We conclude that staff cooperative societies function as a potent but imperfect engine of housing aspiration, reflecting how broader institutional and social hierarchies shape outcomes. The study highlights the need for policies that support these cooperatives and address the intersecting inequalities within their ranks and operations.
Dr. Ani Asmaa Binti Asli, Nur Ulfah Binti Harun, Nurul Shuhada Binti Ismail @ Musah
Sulayman al-Tajir was a prominent and early Muslim Arab navigator, around the 9th century CE. He hailed from Siraf and was known as al-Tajir, referring to a merchant. Most writings do not delve deeply into the origins of his name. Akhbar al-Sin wa al-Hind is a work recorded by Abu Zayd al-Sirafi, which touches on the settlements of China and India. This research aims to study the sociopolitical phenomena of China as described by Sulayman al-Tajir in his geography of voyages. This study is qualitative research using descriptive methods through content analysis of the data obtained regarding his voyage in Akhbar al-Sin wa al-Hind. The results of this study indicate that there is a strategic organizational system by the Chinese government, which is applied by the Chinese community or foreign residents in the area. The implication of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of Muslim maritime history, particularly in the Asian region and the Malay Archipelago, which needs to be researched from time to time.
John Mutiria Nyaga, Mukasa Mate, Timothy M. Kangori
Class struggle has been a pertinent issue in Literature. Literary texts have always presented conflicts between the oppressed and the oppressor. These conflicts emerge as the oppressed group try to free themselves from the yoke of oppression. While the struggle for a better society used to be carried out by men because they were believed to be brave and strong, women joined them. When this occurred, they work as a united team to complement each other in liberating the society. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine how solidarity of men and women triggers class struggle in Ngugi’s Petals of Blood and Sembene’s God’s Bits of Wood. The texts under study were selected because their thematic content is largely based on class struggle. The analysis was done using Marxism theory which urges the oppressed group to rise and unite so that they can demand for what belongs to them. This tenet was employed in the study to examine how men and women have not only risen but also united to complement each other in the struggle. The study went further to examine the changes that occur in the novels under study when men and women work together to demand for better working conditions and developments. The researcher used qualitative approach in data analysis because the data from the texts under study was non-numerical. The study is significant because it provides an insight on how the unity of men and women can trigger class struggle.
Dr Fatima CHORFI, Mohammed Ben Ahmed, Mohammed KAMECHE
Africa witnessed several reformers and revivalists in Islam before the advent of the European colonists, who succeeded in the partition of Africa. Among them was Sheikh ‘Uthman Dan Fodio, who is supposed by some historians and scholars in civilization to be the most prominent revivalist since he managed to revive Islam in Hausaland and was able, with his followers, to found the Sokoto Caliphate. The present study deals with this eminent revivalist in Islam in Hausaland. The paper begins with a brief biography of this reformer. Then, it explores some aspects of Islamic revivalism made by this outstanding figure. Last but not least, it seeks to reveal whether his revivalist aspects were a success or a failure. This research is considered to be significant since it deals with some aspects of Islamic Revivalism carried by the Shehu ‘Uthman Dan Fodio during his era which was characterized by mingling heretical practices with Islamic beliefs. Thanks to his deep knowledge in Islamic Sciences and his high skills as well as his good morals, he managed to carry out some aspects of Islamic Revivalism mainly those related to women.
Dr Fatima CHORFI, Mohammed Ben Ahmed, Mohammed KAMECHE
Africa witnessed several reformers and revivalists in Islam before the advent of the European colonists, who succeeded in the partition of Africa. Among them was Sheikh ‘Uthman Dan Fodio, who is supposed by some historians and scholars in civilization to be the most prominent revivalist since he managed to revive Islam in Hausaland and was able, with his followers, to found the Sokoto Caliphate. The present study deals with this eminent revivalist in Islam in Hausaland. The paper begins with a brief biography of this reformer. Then, it explores some aspects of Islamic revivalism made by this outstanding figure. Last but not least, it seeks to reveal whether his revivalist aspects were a success or a failure. This research is considered to be significant since it deals with some aspects of Islamic Revivalism carried by the Shehu ‘Uthman Dan Fodio during his era which was characterized by mingling heretical practices with Islamic beliefs. Thanks to his deep knowledge in Islamic Sciences and his high skills as well as his good morals, he managed to carry out some aspects of Islamic Revivalism mainly those related to women.
Martin Charambira
In Zimbabwe's escalating drug abuse crisis, the Johane Masowe Chishanu Church (JMCC) has emerged as a significant interventionist force. While existing scholarship predominantly focuses on mainline churches, JMCC's distinct practices remain understudied. This study examines the spiritual methods JMCC employs to combat drug abuse and their perceived effectiveness. Findings from 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork, including unstructured interviews and observation, revealed that JMCC provides both prevention and treatment for drug-related problems. Its spiritual warfare approach, which emphasizes prayer, intercession, prophecy, and spiritual discipleship, was found to be effective in fostering recovery and transforming lives. Drawing on Foucault's framework of panoptic surveillance, Mignolo's decolonial theory, and Mbembe's necropolitical theory, this research analyzes JMCC's distinct approach to prevention and rehabilitation. The study concludes that JMCC offers accessible, culturally relevant, and non-commercial support. The findings highlight the potential of African Initiated Churches (AICs) to inform public health strategies in Zimbabwe and suggest the value of formally integrating context specific spiritual approaches into a decolonized public health framework
Hasmida Mohd Noor, Juzaimi Nasuredin, Kartini Mat Rashid, Rabiatul Adawiyah Ma’arof, Umi Kartini Rashid
Employee engagement is a key factor in the success of healthcare organizations in today's competitive environment. However, nurses in Malaysia’s public hospitals often face heavy workloads and staff shortages, which can lead to burnout and disengagement. Previous studies have shown that engagement is important for service quality and employee performance, but few have examined how spirituality at work affects employee engagement among nurses in Malaysia’s healthcare system. Spirituality at work includes aspects such as inner life, meaningful work, and a sense of community is thought to help build psychological resources as well as boost nurses’ energy, dedication, and focus on their roles. This paper aims to expand existing knowledge by looking at the direct relationship between spirituality at work and employee engagement among nurses in Malaysian public hospitals. This study will use a quantitative survey method with self-administered questionnaires, and the collected data will be analyzed with SPSS software Version 26. A total of 375 nurses from public hospitals across Malaysia will be chosen for the study. The research aims to provide valuable insights for healthcare leaders and policymakers in Malaysia, suggesting potential strategies to foster spirituality at work and maintain engagement, which can enhance workforce resilience and the quality of patient care.
Alesha Jade Eduria, Alma C. Asuncion, Chariza Mae B. Basamot, Criza Joyce B. Paulino, Janzen Paul G. Puyaoan, Jennelyn A. Lavega, Nathaniel Dave B. Gatchalian, Regie Boy B. Fabro
Augmented Reality (AR) has the potential to transform fashion design education by enhancing creativity, engagement, and skill development. This study explores the integration of AR in garment design education, focusing on students’ awareness, challenges in adoption, and its impact on learning experiences. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research examines how AR fosters innovation and bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. The findings reveal that students have limited familiarity with AR technology, and its adoption is hindered by challenges such as technological adaptation struggles, resource accessibility barriers, training and support deficiencies, and cultural resistance to innovation. Despite these barriers, AR demonstrates a significant ability to improve creativity and technical skills by enabling students to visualize designs, experiment with virtual prototypes, and refine ideas in interactive and immersive environments. AR also increases engagement and motivation, encouraging students to explore innovative design possibilities while reducing material waste and streamlining the design process.
Abdulaziz Maruf Adeniran, Amiru Lawal Balarabe
The persistent reliance on natural resources has limited the resilience and sustainability of African economies, particularly Nigeria and South Africa. This study examines the impact of stock market efficiency on economic diversification, focusing on how capital market development influences non-resource GDP growth in the two countries. Specifically, it investigates the effects of market capitalization, stock market turnover ratio, and the number of listed companies on diversification performance between 2000 and 2024. The study adopts a comparative ex-post facto design using secondary data sourced from the World Bank (WDI), IMF Financial Development Index, and official statistics from NGX and JSE. Analytical techniques include descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, diagnostic tests, and panel regression analysis. Results reveal that market capitalization and turnover ratio exert positive and significant effects on non-resource GDP growth in both countries, while the number of listed companies is marginally significant. South Africa’s capital market demonstrates greater depth and efficiency, reflected in its higher R² (0.76) compared to Nigeria’s (0.71). These findings confirm that robust and liquid capital markets are instrumental in financing non-resource sectors and advancing structural transformation. The study concludes that financial deepening and inclusiveness drive sustainable diversification and recommends that Nigeria strengthen investor confidence and listing incentives, while both countries should improve market liquidity and broaden SME participation.
Mohamad Amri Maulana, Syamsul Hendra Mahmud
The growing urgency to mitigate climate change has prompted the integration of low-carbon initiatives within environmentally sensitive areas such as geoparks. This study assesses the implementation and perceived importance of various low-carbon initiatives in Malaysian geopark sites using the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) framework. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed to 70 respondents from the management teams of recognized Malaysian geoparks. The variables examined include renewable energy use, waste management, eco-transportation, green technology adoption, and policy enforcement mechanisms. Descriptive statistics and IPA were applied to evaluate the performance of each initiative and to identify strategic improvement priorities. Findings reveal that initiatives such as renewable energy installation, 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) programs, and tree planting campaigns are performing well and should be maintained. Conversely, regulatory standardization, dedicated funding for low-carbon projects, and improved infrastructure for sustainable mobility were found to require more focused attention. The study highlights significant gaps in institutional capacity, awareness, and policy enforcement that hinder optimal implementation. Policy implications emphasize the need for stronger institutional frameworks, financial incentives, and community engagement mechanisms to strengthen sustainable practices in geoparks. The results contribute to enhancing Malaysia’s transition towards a low-carbon future and provide valuable insights for policymakers, local authorities, and sustainability practitioners in developing effective low-carbon strategies for protected environmental sites.
Afiqah Kamarul Zaman, Muthyaah Mohd Jamil, Norilmiah Azis, Y.Nurli Abu Bakar, Yusri Hazrol Yusoff
This paper examines strategic planning as a driver of institutional excellence in higher education through a case study of UiTM’s Faculty of Accountancy (FPN). The study is guided by Institutional Theory and the Resource-Based View (RBV), providing a dual-lens framework to analyze how faculty-level initiatives balance external legitimacy with internal distinctiveness. Drawing on documentary evidence, performance reports, and program records, the analysis highlights seven thematic areas of faculty-level strategic planning: research enhancement, publication impact, commercialization, risk management, strategic alignment and governance, institutional excellence outcomes, and sustainability with future readiness. The findings show that strategic alignment with PSUiTM2025, supported by governance and monitoring, translates into targeted faculty initiatives that produce measurable outcomes in research outputs, employability, awards, and global rankings. Importantly, these outcomes are not viewed as endpoints but as enablers of long-term sustainability through talent development, innovation capacity, and resilience. The case study affirms that faculty-level strategic planning is a critical mechanism by which institutional priorities are operationalized, ensuring both compliance with external benchmarks and the cultivation of unique strengths. The paper contributes to higher education literature by assimilating Institutional Theory and RBV into a conceptual framework that clarifies the legitimacy–distinctiveness paradox in strategic planning. The faculties and institutions can straightway implement this model to accomplish sustainable excellence and participate in both global competitiveness and national development agendas in developing country contexts.
Ahmad Fudhaili, Elma Sakinatus Sajidah, Fitriari Izzatunnisa Muhaimin, Isnawati, Muhammad Zahrudin Afnan, Nurul Jadid Mubarakati, Putut Rakhmad Purnama, Syafri Musthofa
Genetics and genomics courses often contain complex and abstract content that can be challenging for students to comprehend. To address this, educators must employ engaging and effective learning strategies. This paper systematically reviews the literature on trends and strategies for enhancing learning in undergraduate genetics and genomics courses. The review follows a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology using the PRISMA flow for identification, evaluation, and interpretation of studies. The search was limited to articles published between 2008 and 2025, using the keywords " learning in genetics and genomics." From 3562 articles initially identified, 28 were selected for in-depth review. The study found that Problem-Based Learning (PBL) was the most prominent approach, appearing in various forms such as PBL-RQA, PBL-Online Discussion, PBL with Scientific Argumentation, and PBL-STEM. Other strategies included STEM learning, the learning cycle, inquiry learning, case-based learning, and several hybrid models. PBL is particularly prevalent due to its ability to enhance student knowledge, creativity, and problem-solving skills by encouraging exploration of real-world issues, critical reading, and questioning. Furthermore, PBL promotes collaboration, self-directed learning, and the development of communication skills competencies highly relevant in the 21st-century academic and professional landscape. These findings suggest that integrating PBL and other active learning models into genetics education can significantly improve student outcomes and engagement.
Ali Hussein Mohammed
Somalia’s democratic development has been hindered by decades of conflict, political instability, and weak governance structures. Nevertheless, the country has achieved notable milestones, including peaceful transfers of power and the establishment of foundational electoral institutions. This report analyzes the main challenges confronting Somalia’s electoral system, such as limited institutional capacity, political interference, insecurity, low transparency, and the absence of a Hight Court and Constitutional Court to oversee electoral disputes. It highlights key reforms and initiatives, including the creation of the National Independent Electoral Commission (NIEC), constitutional and electoral law reforms, local elections in Puntland, and ongoing voter registration campaigns in Mogadishu and Baydhaba. The study proposes strategic measures to strengthen electoral institutions, emphasizing capacity building, legal and institutional independence, transparency, civil society engagement, and judicial oversight. By implementing these strategies, Somalia can enhance the credibility of elections, foster inclusive political participation, and reinforce public trust in democratic processes. This study provides a policy-oriented roadmap for consolidating Somalia’s electoral framework and advancing long-term political stability and democratic governance.
Sheila E. Amoroso, MAEd
The COVID-19 pandemic magnified existing literacy gaps among Filipino learners, prompting higher education institutions to adopt targeted interventions to mitigate learning loss. This study examined the implementation, outcomes, and effectiveness of the newly established Partido State University Reading Center, funded through the Commission on Higher Education’s Institutional Development and Innovations Grant. Using a mixed-methods design, the study assessed the socio-demographic characteristics, reading attitudes, literacy needs of 696 freshmen STEM students and reading performance of 51 freshmen STEM students across the main and external campuses during Academic Year 2023–2024. Results revealed that the majority of qualifiers were aged 18–19 and came from mid-sized to large families, conditions that may shape access to learning resources. Students demonstrated substantial literacy needs, particularly in grammar (95%), vocabulary (90%), and higher-order comprehension skills such as summarizing (98%), synthesizing (95%), and inferring (90%). Environmental and social factors especially noisy study spaces (75.4%), peer influence (17.7%), and family influence (17.4%) emerged as significant demotivators to reading engagement. ICT access was characterized by a near-universal reliance on mobile phones (98%), highlighting digital inequities in laptop and desktop availability. Progress monitoring across four colleges showed varied literacy gains, with several cohorts (e.g., Lime and Aqua groups) demonstrating marked improvement, consistent with literature emphasizing the benefits of structured, multi-semester reading interventions. However, program completion rates remained critically low, with only 12.81% (51 of 398) completing the reading program, indicating barriers in motivation, scheduling, and continuity of intervention. The paired samples t-test revealed a significant improvement in reading performance among the 51 completers, t(50) = 41.31, p < .001, with posttest scores markedly higher than pretest scores, confirming the positive impact of the intervention on reading proficiency. Despite logistical challenges, the Reading Center effectively improved reading performance among consistent participants. The findings underscore the need for institutionalized, curriculum-integrated reading support; enhanced monitoring; differentiated instruction; and strengthened implementation across external campuses. Recommendations highlight the importance of creating conducive reading environments, leveraging community support systems, and integrating literacy development into academic programs to ensure sustainable reading proficiency gains.
Afiq Azri Mohd Ghani, Angela Chan Nguk Fong, Az-Athirah Zubairi, Nurul Nabila Ibrahim, Puteri Farahdiana Megat Suhaimi, Rashidin Idris, Sofiah Adilah Ahmad Foad, Thilaageshwary Thangadurai, Yuhanis Khalida A Rashid
This study examines the relationship between leadership styles and work stress among employees in Kuala Langat, Malaysia. Leadership strongly influences employee motivation, satisfaction, and well-being, yet ineffective leadership can become a major source of workplace stress. Guided by House and Mitchell’s (1975) Path-Goal Theory, this research explores how different leadership styles autocratic, transactional, transformational, laissez-faire, and democratic affect employee stress levels. A quantitative correlational design was employed, and data were collected from 250 employeesacross various job sectors using an online questionnaire. The survey incorporated the Vannsimpco Leadership Survey (VLS) and Work Stress Questionnaire (WSQ), both rated on a five-point Likert scale and demonstrating high reliability (α = .973 and .890). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, applying descriptive statistics, correlation, and t-tests. Results revealed a moderate positive correlation between leadership style and work stress (r = .378, p < .001), indicating that certain leadership behaviors contribute to higher stress levels. Although 94.4% of respondents reported strong leadership presence, stress levels remained elevated, suggesting that leadership quality—not its presence—matters most. Authoritarian and laissez-faire styles were linked to greater stress, while transformational and democratic approaches enhanced trust and reduced tension. Gender differences in stress were non-significant (p = .215), indicating consistent effects across male and female employees. The study concludes that leadership style significantly affects employee stress and well-being. Organizations should cultivate empathetic, participative leadership and implement development programs focusing on emotional intelligence, communication, and inclusive management to promote healthier workplaces.
Ahmad Adnin Husin, Zaharom Ridzwan
Higher education institutions usually offer classes for the learning of Arabic to their students, be it as a mandatory course or an elective learning. When studied as an elective course, students will sometimes follow it with uneven effort. This study is conducted based on the performance of students who registered for a basic Arabic learning class as their foreign language learning at UKM. Specifically, the focus of this study is to understand the learning perception of students while learning SKVA 5013 Bahasa Arab 1. This study aims to find out the learning and types of perceptions that the students have. This study also aims to classify students’ learning perceptions, with the intention of distinguishing both aspects. Each and every form of perception would also be elaborated on in order to correlate them with the performance of the students in class. A quantitative method was used in this study, involving 49 UKM students registered in the class SKVA 5013 Bahasa Arab 1. An online questionnaire method is used with the assistance of Google Forms software. The responses from the questionnaire are taken as the main data to be analysed in the form of percentages. Both aspects—students’ perceptions—are measured by looking at the agreed-upon or disagreed-with percentages. The findings of the study show that the students practiced the majority of the attitudes asked in the questionnaire. They showed a positive attitude towards learning Arabic in addition to implementing specific attitudes regarding the basic language skills that coincide with the course structure, i.e., attitudes of writing and pronunciation. The study also found that students have good perceptions about some aspects of Arabic learning. Therefore, Arabic language teachers as well as coordinators planning Arabic language teaching at the level of higher education institutions are expected to be able to regulate a more conducive academic environment and learning facilities. This is to ensure the success of all learning goals while at the same time acquiring excellence from students.
A.L. Anzeera, C.J. Kothalawala
Although many English language teachers are interested in integrating literary texts into language instruction, this approach poses several challenges. Nevertheless, students’ perceptions of the potential benefits and difficulties of engaging with different English literary genres in the classroom have not yet been thoroughly investigated. By employing a qualitative survey research design, this research aims to address this gap by exploring the perceived advantages and difficulties of reading literary genres encountered by a group of 40 students enrolled in a higher English diploma programme in Sri Lanka. The students perceived literary genres as valuable contributors to their English language development. According to their perceptions, novels were particularly effective in enhancing reading skills and vocabulary, with additional benefits for writing, grammar, and speaking. Poems and short stories supported improvements in both reading skills and vocabulary, while dramas were most effective in vocabulary enhancement. However, many students found novels challenging, and a few also reported difficulties with reading short stories. The students’ perceptions of poetry were mixed, with some finding it difficult and others appreciating its narrative structure and accessibility. These findings highlight the importance of selecting English literary texts that correspond to students’ interests and language proficiency levels. Teachers should carefully select literary texts that match students’ proficiency levels and interests to maximize engagement and learning outcomes. Incorporating a variety of genres and using interactive teaching methods, such as discussions, presentations, and group activities, can help address challenges, enhance language skills across reading, writing, vocabulary, and speaking, and foster positive attitudes toward literature.
Nazri Muslim, Saadiah Kummin, Shahlan Surat
This study investigates the impact of teacher intervention on second language learners’ process of writing cover letters for job applications in a workplace communication course at a Malaysian public university. Adopting an action research design, the study integrated content analysis, self-assessment feedback, and individual interviews to obtain both quantitative and qualitative insights. Four English language teachers participated as observer-collaborators throughout the intervention process. The primary objective was to identify challenges encountered by students in cover letter writing and to implement targeted pedagogical strategies to address them. The findings indicate that teacher intervention significantly enhanced learners’ awareness of English for Occupational Purposes (EOP) and improved their ability to organize and present relevant information effectively. Following the intervention, most students demonstrated greater clarity, coherence, and persuasiveness in their writing. Nonetheless, a few continued to experience difficulties with conciseness and precision, primarily due to limited preparedness and unfamiliarity with workplace writing conventions. Overall, the study highlights the pivotal role of teacher intervention in developing learners’ professional writing competence.
A. Manimaran, Dr. Mastura Bt. Badzis
The aim of inclusive education is to ensure that every child has equal rights to learning opportunities in mainstream classrooms regardless of ability or disability, physically or psychologically. The physical aspects of disability have been given much importance. However, special educational needs (SEN) students' inclusion depends not only on physical and institutional readiness but also on psychological preparedness. This study investigated the psychological preparedness of SEN students for inclusion in Malaysian national primary schools. The composition of this study represents the urban context, as it was carried out in schools around Klang Valley. By using a quantitative method, the research examined cognitive, social-cognitive, information-processing, and emotional aspects of students’ preparedness. These aspects are derived from the theoretical assumptions of Piaget, Vygotsky, Goleman, and the Information
Hannah Mae T. Timtim, Leonila C. Maghinay, Maeiah D. Manugas, Reyshell B. Idias
One significant area of the Philippine agriculture is the coconut industry. However, among the various agricultural industries, the coconut or copra industry has historically received limited attention and support despite its centuries-old existence. Therefore, this study employed a thematic content analysis to examine the copra supply chain in Dapitan City, Zamboanga del Norte focusing on the roles, collaboration, and operational flow among key players. The intricate network involves coconut farmers, copra converters, traders, and ultimate buyers, each reliant on distinct resources for efficient operation. Specifically, coconut farmers are classified into cultivators, who are responsible for the cultivation and harvesting of coconuts, and producers, who process coconuts into copra, involving activities such as dehusking and drying. Furthermore, converters, typically operating at the barangay level, purchase copra from local farmers and sell it to interior traders. These interior traders, also known as municipal or city traders, are succeeded by terminal traders, who manage larger warehouses and have contractual relationships with ultimate buyers. Consequently, these buyers, positioned at the supply chain's conclusion, engage in processing copra into oil. The study assessed the efficacy of collaboration among these stakeholders concerning coordination, communication, encountered challenges, and opportunities for enhancement. Additionally, an in-depth interview about copra flow configuration in Dapitan City is conducted, with a particular focus on the supply chain map and the roles of intermediaries. This investigation reveals potential inequitable practices by traders, thereby deepening the understanding of supply chain dynamics and identifying strategies to enhance efficiency and collaboration among stakeholders.
Airil Haimi Mohd Adnan
This paper surveys the use of video-based learning (VBL) by primary school teachers in Malaysia, with a focus on instructional video creation, pedagogical value, engagement strategies, and system-wide challenges (another survey was carried out with secondary school teachers and reported in a different journal paper). Data were gathered for three semesters in 2025 using an online instrument involving 319 postgraduate Diploma in Education students, aged between 26 and 38, representing a diverse mix of Malaysian ethnicities including respondents from Sabah and Sarawak. All of them hold undergraduate degrees from public or private universities and are considered student-teachers, as most were completing their final in-school placements during the study. The survey instrument comprised 32 items organised around four key research questions. Findings indicate that whilst some teachers engage in creating original instructional videos such as explainer clips and micro-learning segments, the majority rely on curated resources like YouTube and the Ministry of Education’s ‘DELIMa’ platform. Respondents rated VBL as highly effective in simplifying complex curriculum content and enhancing visual comprehension for students in Standards 1 through 6. Design features such as short video duration, conversational tone, humour, and gamification were perceived as particularly impactful in maintaining student attention and cognitive engagement. Still, significant barriers to VBL integration were identified, including limited technical infrastructure, lack of administrative support, and insufficient training in rapid video production. These findings highlight the need for targeted professional development and system-wide support to enable meaningful VBL adoption in Malaysian primary education.
Joel Adetokunbo, Olakunle Sobowale
The paper aims at examining the effect of sustainable finance programs on financial markets and economic stability, particularly in emerging and developing markets. Sustainable finance or environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards, green bonds, and social impact investments are all recent terms that have become popular as a policy tool in enhancing the economic resilience of the long-term. The study examines both quantitative and qualitative information of financial markets and qualitative information of policy frameworks and institutional practices using a mixed-methods approach. The results indicate that incorporation of ESG factors in financial tools improves market stability, draws responsible investments and economic growth through promotion of sustainable business conducts. Green bonds and environmentally-responsible investment portfolio are determined as the most important instruments that connect the environmental goals with financial performance, minimizing the systemic risks of the unstable markets. The paper also notes some of these challenges such as lack of ESG disclosure, data access, and regulatory arbitrage, especially in developing markets. The findings highlight the significance of balancing financial policies with sustainability objectives in order to attain the long-term economic and environmental stability. The study is useful to inform policymakers, investors, and financial institutions interested in stimulating sustainable economic development in that research provides information on the effectiveness of the sustainable finance mechanism in enhancing the financial markets, promoting inclusive and sustainable growth.
Khairul Azfar Adzahar, Mohd Fazil Jamaludin, Mohd Firdaus Ruslan, Mohd Shafiz Saharan, Nor Ananiza Azhar, Norhafiza Hashim, Roseamilda Mansor
Higher education institutions (HEIs) continue to struggle with ensuring sustainable funding to support teaching, research, and community engagement. This challenge is particularly pronounced in developing countries, where universities often depend heavily on government allocations and student tuition fees, leaving them financially vulnerable. Traditional financing models are also limited, as they frequently overlook principles of sustainability and inclusivity, which are essential for broadening equitable access to education. Against this backdrop, waqf (Islamic endowment) has gained renewed attention as an alternative model of financing. Beyond preserving Islamic heritage and values, waqf is increasingly viewed as a mechanism that can strengthen long-term institutional resilience and promote sustainable futures in higher education. This study examines the contribution of waqf to sustainable development in higher education by exploring practices, models, and pathways that support institutional sustainability. Using a Scopus-based AI-assisted review method, the research combined bibliometric mapping, summary analysis, concept mapping, expert insights, and emerging theme identification. This layered approach provided a systematic understanding of how waqf is linked to sustainability practices, educational outcomes, and innovative funding strategies in HEIs. The findings show that waqf consistently emerges as a dependable instrument for financing scholarships, supporting underprivileged students, expanding institutional resources, and fostering inclusive access to higher education. A key theme is the role of waqf-driven initiatives in integrating sustainability into university curricula. Recent discussions also point to the potential of digital platforms and artificial intelligence in improving transparency, governance, and stakeholder engagement in waqf management. Overall, the results illustrate the evolving role of waqf—from a traditional charitable practice to a strategic enabler of sustainable higher education. The study not only adds to the growing body of literature on Islamic social finance but also provides practical guidance for policymakers, waqf managers, and university leaders who are exploring innovative approaches to educational sustainability.
Emmanuel Blessing Uloma
In recent years, sustainable international trade has emerged as a key driver of global economic resilience, particularly among nations seeking to balance growth with environmental responsibility. This study examines the opportunities for Nigeria to enhance its trade relations with South Korea from a sustainability perspective. Drawing on secondary data, including trade reports, policy documents, and scholarly literature, the paper examines Korea’s sustainable trade strategies—especially in renewable energy, technology, and green manufacturing—and analyzes how Nigeria can adapt similar models to enhance its export competitiveness. Findings suggest Nigeria’s agricultural, renewable energy, and creative industries hold significant potential for sustainable trade expansion in the Korean market. However, infrastructure deficits, weak trade policies, and limited market access remain substantial barriers. The study recommends strategic policy alignment, investment in green industries, and the establishment of sustainable trade frameworks between
Chisungo Chisungo, Kerrie Njini, Tendai Chazuza, Tongesai Mpofu
Business organizations are embracing the sustainability dimension by aligning functional organizational processes to demonstrate environmental responsibility. The scope of this study was on sustainability supply chain that could enhance the extent of environmental performance among firms in the cleaning detergents manufacturing sector in Zimbabwe. The study was drawn from the realization that this sector is more prone to contributing negatively towards environmental security and sustainability. Key objectives were focused on the influence of green sourcing, reverse logistics, supplier collaboration, and resource efficiency on environmental performance. A quantitative research methodology was pursued and a sample size of 186 participants from the leading cleaning detergent manufacturing sector was selected. Data was gathered using a structured questionnaire. Key research results indicated that green sourcing had the greatest positive contribution towards environmental performance while research efficiency had the least effect. The effect of all predictor variables on the level of environmental performance was found to be statistically significant and positive, which demonstrates that the cleaning detergents manufacturing sector is aligning its supply chain processes in pursuance of the sustainability dimension. The key conclusions state that e-procurement is a sustainable sourcing strategy that incorporates order tracking technologies to improve their environmental performance. The adoption of environmentally friendly and biodegradable chemicals has improved the environmental performance of firms in the cleaning detergents manufacturing sector. The main recommendations indicate that the cleaning detergents manufacturing sector is realizing the competitive effects associated with promoting environmental security to demonstrate their regulatory compliance. The key policy prescriptions incorporate the promotion of biodegradable chemicals in the manufacturing of these cleaning detergents so that end users can be able to properly recycle, reuse, and reduce the adverse effects of using such detergents on the environment.
Mohamad Ezrien Mohamad Kamal, Seri Ayu Masuri Md Daud, Tuan Zainun Tuan Mat
Small food enterprises (SFE), forming part of small-sized enterprises play a pivotal role in advancing economic development within developing economies. Their operations generate employment and contribute to social development and national progress. Nevertheless, these enterprises face enduring structural and operational constraints that limit scalability, competitiveness, and long-term sustainability. The purpose of this study is to examine the internal and external challenges encountered by SFE in Malaysia and Indonesia, while assessing converging patterns that can guide the formulation of effective policies and targeted interventions for sustainable growth. This research stems from a joint initiative between Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang (UNSIKA), and Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD), conducted via international service-learning projects in both countries. Data were collected through interviews, examination of online platforms, and analysis of strategic management-focused business advisory reports covering three Malaysian and three Indonesian food-related enterprises. The findings reveal strong owner commitment, emphasis on product quality, and customer-centric practices. However, internal barriers and external pressures continue to challenge growth. Despite variations in operational structures and government support, both nations’ SFEs confront fundamentally similar obstacles. This study enriches limited literature and provides valuable insights for policymakers seeking to strengthen resilience, advance digital transformation, and promote sustainable development of local food manufacturers. Importantly, the study introduces the concept of social learning, referring to the systematic dissemination of research findings and strategic recommendations to participating business owners. This feedback mechanism enables enterprises to apply informed insights for continuous improvement, thereby enhancing their adaptability and contributing to the broader sustainable development of SFEs in both nations.
Ahzan Noraini Ahmad, Hashima Hamid, Syaidatun Nazirah Abu Zahrin
Experiential learning (EL) is a learning process involving direct engagement to acquire knowledge or skills and is used to connect theory and classroom learning to solve real-world problems. While teachers play a crucial role in designing, implementing, and creating learning experiences, using appropriate methods to achieve learning objectives and facilitate the acquisition of knowledge and skills, studies in EL remains limited. This is despite EL being seen as a novel method in education and student-centered pedagogy, in which it has contributed to enhance value-based education, skill development, and experiences in learning. Hence, this reflects a deep need for this study. A systematic literature review was conducted, encompassing empirical studies sourced from the year 2019 to 2023 to identify the implementation methods of EL in classrooms, focusing on the accounting subject, and the effects of EL implementation on student behavior in the classroom. Among 151 analyzed studies, this article reviews the 22 most relevant studies involving methods and the impact of EL implementation in the classroom. Seven studies suggest simulation methods, six suggest project-based methods, and five suggest role-playing methods, while others recommend gaming, case studies, and more. EL methods are shown to provide positive impacts on students’ behavior, hence, enhancing their, active engagement, conceptual mastery, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. By researching EL, this will help increase students’ engagement.
Joyce da Cruz Ferraz Dutra, Vanêssa Emanuela Marques de Paula, Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
Systemic and Family Constellations (SFC) is a phenomenological approach that reveals and harmonizes unconscious dynamics in human systems. This study positions it as a central—and not merely complementary—methodology in Organizational Development (OD), addressing the systemic roots that block transformation. The study highlights a strong convergence between theory and practice using a mixed-methods approach, consisting of an integrative literature review (28 articles, PRISMA protocol) and empirical research with 131 Brazilian constellation practitioners. The results demonstrate that SFC promotes cultural change (by resolving hidden loyalties and systemic exclusions), integrates teams (by strengthening a sense of belonging), develops systemic leadership (by clarifying roles and hierarchies), and improves the organizational climate (by mediating deep-rooted conflicts). Direct impacts have been reported on innovation, productivity, and employee well-being. Bibliometric analyses (VOSviewer) confirm a consolidated theoretical core based on authors such as Hunger-Schoppe and Weinhold, with recent expansion led by the Netherlands, highlighting the transition of SFC from a therapeutic approach to an organizational and systemic methodology. The study also proposes a practical three-phase framework for integrating SFC into OD programs, incorporating ethical guidelines, facilitator qualification criteria, and impact measurement protocols. From a theoretical perspective, the research articulates the phenomenological principles of SFC (Belonging, Order, and Balance) with classical OD theories (Lewin, Schein, Bertalanffy), rigorously responding to methodological criticisms—subjectivity, replicability, and the lack of randomized controlled trials—through its epistemological basis in lived experience and empirical triangulation. It is concluded that Systemic and Family Constellation constitutes a social and strategic technology centered on human beings, capable of strengthening the resilience and adaptability of organizations in contexts of increasing complexity and uncertainty.
Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed Al-Haddar, Hussein Ali Abdullah Al-Thulaia, Kasimah binti Kamaruddin, Nur Sakiinah binti Ab Aziz, Tasnim binti Abdul Rahman
This article critically examines the complex implementation of the Al-Quran Tahfiz (Memorization) program for Visually Impaired Students at the Tahfiz for the Visually Impaired (TVI), focusing on the analysis of perceptual divergence between teachers and students. The study employed quantitative field survey data collected from Teachers (N=3) and Students (N=7). The findings reveal a compelling Ecological Paradox: while the program achieves superior spiritual and personal efficacy (mean agreement exceeding 4.90), it confronts three critical, yet divergently prioritized, systemic challenges, indicating a failure in execution across various ecological system levels. Students identified the Absolute Lack of Modern Assistive Technology (Digital Braille) as the single most severe barrier (with an absolute mean of (5.00), representing a direct failure in the TVI's Microsystem. Conversely, teachers acknowledged the Urgent Need for Specialized Training in Inclusive Pedagogy as their top priority (4.67), signalling a deficit within the Mesosystem (the interface between teacher training and the institute). Furthermore, the exceptionally high student demand for Specialized Psychological Counselling Services (4.86) confirmed a deep emotional support gap. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of these divergences, framing them within Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, the principles of Maqasid Shariah (Objectives of Islamic Law), and Universal Design for Learning (UDL). It details an Action Oriented Roadmap to translate the spiritual success of the program into sustainable technical and methodological competence at TVI.
Muhammad Hamdan Syafieq bin Ahmad
The juridical adaptation (takyīf fiqhī) of the takāful contract remains a subject of intense scholarly debate within Islamic finance, reflecting divergent methodological approaches to reconciling modern financial products with classical jurisprudence. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the takyīf fiqhī of takāful from the perspectives of three major standard-setting bodies: the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), the International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA, or Majma’ al-Fiqh al-Islāmī), and the resolutions and practices prevalent in Malaysia. The study begins by tracing the linguistic roots and conceptual evolution of takāful, distinguishing it from its conventional insurance counterpart and pre-modern risk-sharing practices like ‘āqilah and tanāḥud. The core of the analysis critically examines the distinct contractual frameworks employed by each authority. AAOIFI’s Standard No. 26 conceptualizes takāful through a tripartite structure, anchoring the participant's relationship in a binding donation commitment (iltizām bi-tabarru’). In contrast, the Malaysian model operationalizes this through a hybrid tabarru’-hibah system, which, while commercially effective, introduces juristic ambiguities concerning ownership and reciprocal benefit. The IIFA, however, champions a paradigm rooted in the Qur’anic principle of mutual cooperation (taʿāwun), framing takāful as a novel cooperative covenant (‘aqd taʿāwunī) governed by mutual forbearance (musāmāḥah). This paper employs tarjīḥ (juristic preference) to evaluate these competing models, arguing that the IIFA's taʿāwun-based framework, validated by the Prophetic precedent of tanāḥud, offers a theologically and jurisprudentially more coherent foundation. It effectively resolves the ontological tensions inherent in the tabarru’ and hibah models regarding ownership of the fund, the permissibility of unequal benefits, and the inherent gharar in risk-sharing, thereby affirming takāful’s authentic nature as a manifestation of divinely ordained mutual responsibility.
Fatai Abiodun Adesoye, Orbunde, Bemshima Benjamin, OYEWOBI, Ifeoluwapo Adebimpe
Tax compliance among multinational corporations in Nigeria remains a critical issue due to persistent challenges such as tax evasion, aggressive tax avoidance strategies, and ineffective enforcement mechanisms. This research examines the relationship between tax payment, deferred tax liabilities and tax compliance in Nigerian-listed multinational corporations. Using panel data from 31 multinational corporations listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group, spanning from 2010 to 2024, this study employs panel regression techniques with the help of E-view 12 statistical software to analyze the dynamics of tax compliance. The findings reveal that while tax payment percentage (TPP) has a positive and insignificant effect on total taxes paid (TTP), deferred tax liabilities percentage (DTLP) have a negative but significant effect on total tax paid, suggesting that corporations with higher deferred tax liabilities tend to defer their tax obligations, leading to a delay in tax compliance obligations. The study recommends that Nigerian tax authorities introduce more transparent reporting requirements for deferred tax liabilities and enforce stricter regulations to mitigate aggressive tax avoidance practices among multinational corporations.
Dr. Cheok Mui Yee, Ma Yumei
This systematic review synthesizes 44 empirical studies (2021–2025) on teacher job performance across primary, secondary, and tertiary education worldwide. This study maps determinants into three blocks: individual (motivation, self-efficacy, satisfaction), organizational (leadership, supervision, culture, climate, compensation, appraisal, work–life), and contextual (policy, technology, telework). Using a pre-registered protocol, dual screening, and a coded evidence matrix, this study classifies effects by direction and significance, weight findings by study quality, and compare patterns across tiers and regions. Results show consistent positive effects for instructional and transformational leadership, supportive climate, and self-efficacy. Compensation and work–life associations are mixed and context dependent. Digital contexts introduce affective pathways through happiness, engagement, and emotion regulation. At the end, this study provides a cross-tier benchmark and propositions to guide policy and institutional practice.
Dr. Cheok Mui Yee, Ma Yumei
This systematic review synthesizes 42 China based empirical studies published in English from 2021 to 2025 across preschool, primary, secondary, and higher education. We map how teacher job satisfaction is defined, measured, and positioned as outcome, mediator, moderator, or predictor. Narrative synthesis shows consistent drivers in leadership, professional learning communities, school climate, autonomy, and social support, alongside strain from workload, hindrance stressors, and burnout. Satisfaction links to instructional quality, engagement, knowledge sharing, life satisfaction, professional development intention, and lower turnover intention. Tier comparisons highlight role differences for homeroom and subject teachers, and distinct higher education dynamics involving work family conflict, ostracism, and technology shaped climate. We outline levers and propose measurement standardization and longitudinal evaluation to guide policy and practice.
Abdul Hamid, Khozin
This study aims to analyze the role of teachers as murabbi in shaping the spiritual intelligence of students in secondary schools through a religious habit formation approach integrated into school culture. In the perspective of Islamic education, teachers not only function as conveyors of knowledge (mu'allim), but also as spiritual guides (murabbi) who instill divine values through exemplary worship, morals, and spiritual discipline. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study type conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Sumberasih, Probolinggo Regency. Data collection techniques used participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with the main informants consisting of the principal, Islamic Education teachers, and students. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing using source triangulation techniques to maintain the credibility of the information. The results of the study show that students' spiritual intelligence is formed through three main dimensions of teacher role modeling, namely: (1) role modeling in worship, such as performing the dhuha prayer in congregation, reciting the Qur'an, and the active involvement of teachers in sunnah worship; (2) moral exemplarity reflected in a friendly, humble, and compassionate attitude, as well as the teacher's ability to control their words and emotions when interacting with students; and (3) spiritual discipline exemplarity through the teacher's consistency in arriving early for congregational prayers, reminding students of prayer times, and providing continuous spiritual motivation. These three forms of exemplary behavior not only create a religious atmosphere, but also gradually internalize spiritual values in students through the mechanisms of habituation, identification, and internalization of values. This study concludes that teacher exemplary behavior is the most effective instrument in shaping students' spiritual intelligence because it provides concrete examples that students can imitate, feel, and internalize in their daily lives.
Mohd Rafaie bin Kusnin, Zarima Mohd Zakaria
This pilot study was executed to evaluate the usability and reliability of a questionnaire instrument developed to measure the knowledge level of teachers concerning alternative approaches in the teaching of Arabic speaking skills. A total of 19 Arabic Language teachers from four Government-Aided Religious Secondary Schools (SABK) in the Tangkak district of Johor voluntarily participated. The subsequent analysis yielded a Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.98 for the entire instrument, indicating a high degree of internal consistency. Based on the preliminary Cronbach's Alpha finding, several items were subsequently subjected to structural and linguistic revisions within the questionnaire. This study, therefore, confirms that the instrument is deemed appropriate for deployment in the main research study.
Dr Nizoloman Nabhel ODUAL
This study explores teachers' perspectives on emerging issues in using digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching mathematics and science in secondary schools in Bayelsa State. The study used a descriptive survey research design, collecting data from 750 science and mathematics teachers across five Local Government Areas. Nine validated instruments with high reliability indices (Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.81 to 0.93) were utilized to assess teachers' perspectives. The findings reveal significant disparities in digital access, gaps in digital literacy, and concerns about data privacy and security, teacher autonomy, ethical concerns, plagiarism, and impact on critical thinking skills. The study provides actionable recommendations for stakeholders to address these issues and enhance teacher preparedness and confidence in effectively integrating digital technology in the classroom, contributing to the ongoing discourse on harnessing technology to improve educational outcomes.
Jesco A. Mpolya
The integration of technology in teaching has the potential to enhance student understanding, engagement, and academic performance, particularly in subjects like Geography that involve complex concepts and spatial analysis. This study investigated Teachers’ Competence in Integrating Technology in Teaching Geography at secondary schools in Tanzania. A mixed-methods approach was employed, using a concurrent research design. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and classroom observations involving Geography teachers across four schools. The findings revealed three distinct levels of competence: high, moderate, and low. Teachers with high competence effectively used multiple digital tools, including PowerPoint, videos, Google Earth, and GIS applications, to deliver interactive and inquiry-based lessons that promoted student engagement and comprehension. Those with moderate competence utilized basic tools such as slides and projectors, improving lesson clarity but avoiding advanced applications, while teachers with low competence relied primarily on traditional methods due to limited skills, training, and infrastructural support. The study emphasizes that teacher competence is a critical determinant of effective technology integration and has direct implications for student achievement. Recommendations include targeted professional development programs, ongoing technical support, and investment in infrastructure to enhance teachers’ digital pedagogical skills and improve learning outcomes in Geography subject.
Maryam Mohd Esa, Nadiah Ishak, Nazila Ishak, Norzaimah Zainol, Nurulhayah Muhamad, Rusyda Yahya
This study examines the extent to which teachers’ pedagogical approaches, instructional-level suitability, motivational strategies, and classroom time management influence students’ mathematics achievement in Malaysian secondary schools. Employing a quantitative research design, data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 591 Form 4 and Form 5 students across six schools in Masjid Tanah, Melaka. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, incorporating descriptive and correlational analyses to determine the strength and significance of the relationships among variables. Findings revealed statistically significant positive correlations between all teacher-related factors and students’ mathematics achievement, with coefficients ranging from r = 0.237 to r = 0.488 (p < 0.01). Among students from Sekolah Menengah Agama (SMA), teacher delivery methods (r = 0.488), instructional-level suitability (r = 0.422), and motivational strategies (r = 0.449) demonstrated moderate associations with mathematical proficiency. In contrast, these relationships were weaker yet significant among students from Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan (SMK) (r = 0.237–0.278). Teaching time management exhibited weak but positive relationships in both contexts. These outcomes underscore the crucial role of teachers in enhancing mathematical understanding through effective pedagogical delivery, alignment of instructional content with students’ cognitive readiness, and sustained motivational engagement. The study provides empirical insights that reinforce the objectives of the Malaysia Education Blueprint (2013–2025) and contribute to the realization of Sustainable Development Goal 4, which emphasizes inclusive and equitable quality education.
Dr. Mohd Faiz Hakimi bin Mat Idris, Dr. Nor Hafizi Bin Yusof, Dr. Yousef Mohammed Abdo Mohammed
Back Ground: Talaqqi and musyafahah are face-to-face learning methods that involve direct transmission of knowledge from teacher to student. In the context of reciting the al-Quran, this act was inherited from the Archangel Gabriel (PBUH) and later implemented by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to the following generations, and the practice has continued until today. This method should be applied during teaching and learning sessions in al-Quran recitation classes. However, the current school education system is burdened with a congested academic curriculum and various other non-academic programs that has posed challenges in implementing talaqqi and musyafahah when teaching the al-Quran. This issue also affects students enrolled in al-Quran memorising (tahfiz) programs. Objective: This study aimed to examine teachers’ perception regarding the implementation of talaqqi and musyafahah in the Tamayyuz program as well as learning the al-Quran by Tamayyuz students, in addition to also analysing teachers’ views and suggestions for improving the program. Methods: The design of this study was a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The data collection method for the qualitative study used the methods of document analysis and interview. Meanwhile, the data collection method for the quantitative study used the questionnaire and performance test instruments. The compiled data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 23.0) via Crosstab analysis. Results: Findings indicate that most teachers have a positive perception of the talaqqi and musyafahah methods used in teaching and learning the al-Quran in schools, while the majority of Tamayyuz teachers also practiced this method in their al-Quran teaching sessions. However, several issues in its implementation were identified, such as a lack of teaching skills for demonstrating proper recitation and limited exposure to effective talaqqi and musyafahah techniques. Furthermore, students were burdened with heavy academic loads and tight schedules that posed challenges when fully engaging with these methods. Conclusion: Findings of this study can help relevant parties improve the effective implementation of talaqqi and musyafahah methods in the Tamayyuz program, ultimately contributing to students’ excellence.
Ahmad Hamizan Lootfi Amir, Dr. Azlina Abdul Aziz
This qualitative study explored the challenges faced by Malaysian primary school teachers in using sign language for English instruction among Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) students, as well as the factors contributing to these challenges. The study employed semi-structured interviews with four teachers experienced in teaching DHH learners. Data were transcribed and analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s (2023) six-phase framework to identify recurring patterns of meaning. Findings revealed that teachers encountered multifaceted challenges, including fragmented sign systems, communication barriers, limited vocabulary resources, and a lack of formal training in sign-supported English pedagogy. Contributing factors extended beyond classroom practice, such as the absence of standardized sign language policies, inadequate institutional support, and limited professional development opportunities. Despite these constraints, teachers demonstrated resilience through self-directed learning, peer collaboration, and the creative use of visual and multimodal teaching strategies. The study highlights the urgent need for systemic reform in Malaysia’s Deaf education system. Policy-level standardization of sign systems, targeted teacher training in bilingual-bimodal instruction, and structured mentoring networks are essential to enhance instructional quality and inclusivity. By centering teachers’ lived experiences, this study contributes to the growing body of research on bilingual education for DHH learners and underscores the importance of empowering educators as key agents of linguistic and educational equity.
Airil Haimi Mohd Adnan
Within Malaysian higher education institutions, Arabic holds particular appeal as a tertiary language option, attracting students from the Malay-Muslim demographic. Their motivation stems largely from religious foundations, as familiarity with the Islamic Holy Book the Qur’an provides both linguistic exposure and spiritual connection. Many students view Arabic proficiency as a pathway to deeper Islamic understanding and enhanced religious devotion. However, pedagogical approaches in Arabic instruction appear markedly conservative when compared with English and other foreign language courses, continuing to emphasise conventional teacher-centred methodologies supplemented by rote vocabulary acquisition and memorisation techniques. This pedagogical conservatism raises significant concerns given the characteristics of contemporary learners: Generation Z (born 1995-2015) and the emerging Generation Alpha (born 2011-2025) have developed as digital natives, demonstrating both comfort with and preference for technology-enhanced learning environments. Through analysis of data gathered via an extensive online survey encompassing 250 respondents, this investigation examines these pedagogical considerations. The instrument incorporated both closed Likert-scale statements and open-ended questions designed to capture participants’ perspectives and expectations regarding Arabic language instruction within the Higher Education 5.0 paradigm, specifically examining their receptiveness to innovative educational technology and digital applications.
Amir Rayyan Muhammad Shaifuddin, Anas Rayyan Muhammad Shaifuddin, Suhaily Hasnan
This study presents a review on food waste in East and Southeast Asia. Specifically, it highlights some of the key technological innovations being implemented in East and Southeast Asia to reduce the food waste. This paper contributed additional knowledge on the factors that contribute to food waste and the use of technological innovations to reduce food waste in East and Southeast Asia. A literature search was done on technological innovations being used in food waste reduction and several case studies have highlighted successful implementation of these technological innovations in Asia, encompassing the years 2018 to 2024. Based on the review, it is noted that the key features of technologies and practices of the food waste management as well as the cooperation between government and private sectors are important. The limitation of this study is that this study is only focusing on a few Asian countries. Therefore, this paper suggests that in future, researchers can focus on other countries as well as other regions. The identification of these innovations may highlight the importance of technology in reducing food waste, thus motivating other researchers, government, and private sectors to study technological innovations in food waste reduction more intensively
Dr. Charity Nyaboke, Dr. Grace Murithi, Isaiah K. Njeru
The burden of mental health problems has led to delayed health seeking behaviour particularly among the university students. This study investigated cognitive barriers to mental health seeking behaviour among university students in Tharaka Nithi County in Kenya. The study findings would be of significance to policy makers by giving insight on making best policies to address mental health seeking behaviour in university settings in Tharaka Nithi County. Descriptive survey research was employed involving 376 randomly selected university students and counsellors from the public universities. Quantitative data collection involved administration of structured questionnaires to students and interview schedules collected qualitative data from the counsellors. The results from descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS version 28 indicated that 53.8% (n=170) were unaware of provision of mental health services, doubt on effectiveness (36%, n=114), and underestimation of symptoms (41%, n=131). Thematic analysis indicated that the key cognitive barriers to mental health seeking behaviour involved low mental health literacy levels, belief in self-sufficiency, rationalization and cognitive distortions. The findings highlighted the need for adopting innovative mental health delivery strategies that encourage mental health seeking behaviour among university students, such as online psycho-educational interventions. The findings established a need for increased strategies that leverage modern technology to increase mental health seeking behaviour among university students in Tharaka Nithi County. It was therefore recommended that the university counsellors take initiative to design and apply technology-based solutions that promote and increase help-seeking among university students in Tharaka Nithi, Kenya.
Azwan Shaiza Nizam, Mohamad Taha Ijab, Nazlena Mohamad Ali, Wahiza Wahi
As digital transformation accelerates, teacher mobility programs must cultivate educators' cross-cultural competencies alongside technological and AI literacy. Yet significant gaps persist: many academics possess only a moderate familiarity with emerging technologies, raising concerns about their capacity to engage meaningfully with digitally mediated pedagogical and research practices. These limitations are exacerbated by ethical considerations, data privacy concerns, and risks of cognitive offloading inherent in AI integration. Addressing these deficiencies is essential to maintaining the relevance and efficacy of teacher mobility programs within global academic contexts. This study examines technology and AI literacy among academics in a teacher mobility program and identifies key themes shaping their perceptions of AI in education and research. Employing a mixed-methods design, the study combined quantitative demographic surveys with qualitative reflections from fourteen participants, balanced by gender and representing diverse age groups and disciplines. The data encompassed professional backgrounds, technological competence, familiarity with AI tools, and a thematic analysis of participant reflections. The findings indicate predominantly average self-assessed levels of technology and AI literacy. However, qualitative data reveals growing recognition of AI's transformative potential, with perceptions evolving from AI as a tool to AI as a collaborative partner in pedagogy, research, and scholarly writing. While opportunities for enhanced academic practice emerge, challenges concerning ethical deployment and overdependence remain salient. These findings underscore the need to integrate structured digital literacy training into teacher mobility programs to prepare educators for the contemporary digital demands.
Afdhal Afiq Lasila, Hanis Amanina Mohamad Hairi, Nadia Hanin Nazlan
The hospitality industry is rapidly transforming through digital innovation, with hotels increasingly adopting technologies such as smart-room systems, self-check-in kiosks, and mobile key access to enhance service quality and guest satisfaction. This study investigates the influence of technology implementation on guests’ visit intentions, focusing on generational differences between Millennials and Generation Z, two cohorts that dominate the contemporary travel market. Drawing upon the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), four constructs; performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions were examined to determine their effects on visit intention. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed using an online survey of 347 hotel guests in Malaysia (162 Millennials, 185 Generation Z). Partial Least Squares Multi-Group Analysis (PLS-MGA) was used to assess measurement validity and test hypotheses. Results indicate that effort expectancy significantly predicts visit intention for both generations, while facilitating conditions exert a significant effect only among Millennials. Performance expectancy and social influence were found to be non-significant across groups. These findings highlight the central role of ease of use and infrastructural support in technology adoption within hospitality services, as well as the differing expectations of each generation. The study extends the UTAUT model to a multigenerational hospitality context and offers actionable insights for hotel operators to design inclusive, user-friendly, and technologically enhanced experiences that align with the post-digital era of hospitality.
Azrina Othman, Na Qiad Xuan, Nik Adzrieman Abdul Rahman, Norhidayah Mohamad
The rapid evolution of telemedicine technology has revolutionized healthcare delivery, providing a feasible solution to improve the gap between healthcare providers and patients, particularly in remote areas. This study explores the utilization of telemedicine among medical professionals in Malaysia, aiming to identify strategies to enhance its utilization and integration into routine medical practice. The research mentioned the increasing demand for telemedicine driven by factors such as an aging population, patients in rural area, potential recurrence of public health crises similar to the COVID-19 pandemic, and advancements in medical technology. For this reason, the researcher opted for a descriptive study and qualitative research methods to glean insights from participants through interviews. This research explores medical professionals' experiences with telemedicine to accelerate its integration into Malaysia's healthcare system, aiming to provide quality healthcare services to all Malaysians and develops targeted strategies to enhance telemedicine use among medical professionals. By tailoring these strategies to their experiences, the integration of telemedicine into routine healthcare can be facilitated, ultimately improving patient care quality. By implementing the proposed strategies, healthcare providers in Malaysia can enhance the utilization of telemedicine, ultimately leading to better healthcare access and outcomes, especially in underserved rural areas. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on telemedicine technology marketing and provides a foundation for future studies to further explore and refine these strategies.
Hameed Olutoba LAWAL, Kehinde Michael ANJORIN, Oludare Rowland OGIDAN
This paper explores the tensions of cultural hybridity within African dramatic literature against the backdrop of globalisation, with a focused case study on Wole Soyinka’s The Lion and the Jewel. Through content analysis, it expounds how Soyinka enacts the conflict between tradition and modernity, indigenous identity and westen influence, using the microcosm of a Yoruba village Ilujinle as a site of cultural contestation. The central conflict in the play is charaterised in Baroka, the traditional village Chief “The Lion”, and Lukunle the westerneducated school teacher, to unravel the complexities of hybridity. Lakunle’s embrace of western ideals as typified in monogamy, modern education, and disdain for bride price clashes with Baroka’s rootedness in African tradition. Globalisation is aptly humanised in Lakunle’s rejection of traditional customs without understanding their social significance leads to his alienation from the community in contrast, Baroka, though an epitome of tradition, cleverly integrates aspects of modernisation as exemplified in proposed printing press to reflect a more adaptive hybridity. Tensions of Cultural Hybridity is heightened in the contestation of Baroka, custodian of culture and Lakunle embodiment of westernisation, for Sidi’s hand in marriage. This study argues that Soyinka’s work exemplifies the negotiation of hybridity, reflecting broader anxieties and creative potentials in African literature under globalising pressures.
Harmi Izzuan Bin Baharum, Huirong Geng
This study investigates the relationships between Chinese EFL learners’ perceptions of the National Matriculation English Test (NMET) and their preparation strategies. Drawing on survey data from 620 senior high school students, analyses examined how perceptions of test importance and test difficulty influence five categories of strategies: cognitive, metacognitive, memory, compensation, and social-affective. Results show that perceived importance is positively correlated with all strategies, particularly metacognitive regulation, suggesting that high stakes motivate structured and reflective preparation. In contrast, perceived difficulty correlated negatively with most strategies, especially cognitive and compensation, indicating that overwhelming challenge suppresses adaptive engagement.
Ahmad Rofik, Ashlikhatul Fuaddah, Condro Wibowo, Enny Dwi Cahyani, Khairurrizqo, Muhammad Syah Fibrika Ramadhan
This study evaluates the collaboration between the Research and Community Service Institute (LPPM) of Universitas Jenderal Soedirman and the Secretariat of the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) of Cilacap Regency in developing Academic Manuscripts for Regional Regulation Drafts (Raperda) in 2024. Employing a descriptive-evaluative qualitative approach within a Collaborative Governance framework, this research analyzes the subst antive quality of outputs, the alignment of research team competencies, and the dynamics of collaborative processes through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. Findings reveal a paradox between high administrative efficiency and low substantive quality, whereby none of the three Academic Manuscripts produced advanced to the promulgation stage. Critical issues include the utilization of outdated regulations, competency gaps in teams not based on needs analysis, and collaborative processes that remain transactional rather than deliberative. Power asymmetries were reflected in partners' limited authority to determine team composition, while the absence of multi-layered quality assurance mechanisms and periodic evaluations resulted in problems remaining undetected until the final stages. The study recommends an ideal cooperation model founded on five pillars: paradigm transformation toward collaborative partnership, competency-based team formation with active partner participation, implementation of multi-layered quality assurance, strengthening of deliberative communication, and development of continuous learning systems. This transformation requires institutional commitment to positioning partnership, quality, participation, and continuous learning as core values in academic-local government collaborations, with success evaluation based not solely on administrative efficiency but also on output quality and tangible contributions to regional regulation improvement.
Issa G. Ahmed
This study addresses the critical role played by Cooperative societies in promoting economic sustainability in Tanzania, with specific focus on Sustainable Development Goals 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure). Cooperatives are most important drivers of inclusive financial services, employment creation and value-added industrialization, this is according to the analysis that uses a mixed method approach and drawn from Tanzania Cooperative Development (TCDC) National statistical bulletins, TCDC Cooperative reports, Annual Financial Inclusion report and other few academic studies on Cooperatives. The results highlight that in 2024 Licensed Saving and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) rose to 961 and distributed 1,890,123 loans with worth TZS. 1.203 trillion, improving low-income population's access to financial inclusion, concurrently to ensure steady famer payments, Agricultural marketing Cooperative Societies (AMCOS) marketed produces that valued at TZS. 4.2 trillion up from 3.75 trillion from 2023. By December 2024, Cooperatives owned and ran 328 industries creating 2,816 direct industrial jobs as well 153,982 total jobs nationwide where 43,096 are formal employment and 110,886 are casual jobs. The study concludes that the Tanzanian Cooperative Model which is characterized by its community-centered approach and member owned structure, strengthened by launch of the Cooperative Bank of Tanzania (CBT) and adoption to digital innovation initiatives, are the powerful tool to promote decent works, encourage industrial growth and creating economic infrastructure offering important lesson for the Global South.
Antonette Joyce B. Gonzaga, Eva Joan P. Olana, Kenneth James L. Dagno, Maricar Y. Mayonan, Mary Jane Y. Salamanca, Treesh Marie B. Menor, CPA
This study investigated the association of hygiene factors and employee retention in the business entities in Sumilao and Impasugong, Bukidnon. It specifically looks into the ways that the working condition, salary and interpersonal relationships influence workers' decisions to remain with their organization. Data were collected through employee surveys from a subset of the businesses in these municipalities using a descriptive study design. Findings demonstrated that employees' perceptions of hygiene elements were generally moderate to high, and that employee retention is significantly positively correlated with both salary and interpersonal interactions. Although crucial, working conditions had a somewhat smaller but still favorable effect. The study supports Herzberg's claim that the existence of hygiene variables promotes retention while their absence results in dissatisfaction and turnover by confirming a substantial link between hygiene factors and employee retention. Satisfying workers' basic needs through fair compensation, a comfortable workplace, and positive interpersonal relationships increases their desire to stay in their positions. This study highlighted the serious need for management to continuously evaluate and enhance hygiene-related factors as a strategic approach to employee satisfaction and long-term retention. Business entities that prioritize these aspects are more likely to cultivate a stable and committed workforce, thereby fostering organizational success and sustainability. The study's narrow focus on particular hygiene aspects and nearby companies provides useful suggestions for enhancing employee engagement and retention tactics, which will help these towns' organizations succeed and last. To extend these results, future studies can focus on other elements that affect retention.
Dr. Nur Aida Kipli, Dr. Ummi Farhani Firdaus, Nurul Aqmal Roslan
Malaysian youth are more politically aware nowadays compared to the previous years. However, since the 14th general election in 2018, the national political landscape has been continually shifting, and the party-hopping issues have left many young people in Malaysia unsure over the coalition line-ups and the grand directions of the various political parties. Thus, this paper aims to discover awareness of Anti-Party Hopping Law among youths in Sarawak. The emphasis of the literature focuses on the dominant factor that contributes to the lack of awareness and awareness of Anti-Party Hopping law among young people in Sarawak. This study used a quantitative research methodology for collecting and analyzing the numerical data. The results of the study indicate that social media turns out to be the most dominant factor that leads to lack of awareness on Anti-Party Hopping Law among youths in Sarawak when there is rarely news on Anti-Party Hopping Law in Sarawak has been published on any platform of social media such as Facebook, Instagram and others, which eventually give negative impacts towards youths’ awareness. Youth utilize social media sites virtually daily and share their opinions on various social, political, and economic issues, which suggest that they may become more involved in politics in the future. As a result, the more awareness spread through social media on Anti-Party Hopping Law is linked to the higher level of youth’s awareness in Sarawak.
Dr. Ma. Magdalena V. Gatdula
This study investigates the causes and effects of sleep deprivation among Computer Engineering students at Bulacan State University. It examines lifestyle factors, academic workload, and technological habits that influence students’ sleep quality, academic performance, and mental well-being. Using a descriptive-correlational design, 120 participants were selected through simple random sampling. Quantitative data were gathered through an online survey and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and Pearson correlation. Findings revealed that sleep deprivation is highly prevalent and strongly associated with poor sleep hygiene, irregular class schedules, and excessive technology use. Results underscore the need for institutional interventions that promote healthy sleep habits to improve academic performance and student wellness.
Yap Jin Hin
This narrative review examines the challenges that emerge when artificial intelligence enters vocal performance education, a domain where human expressiveness, cultural tradition, and interpersonal connection have always been central. While AI offers compelling possibilities like instant feedback and personalized learning paths, vocal training's inherently expressive and culturally embedded nature raises important questions about whether these technologies truly serve students and teachers effectively. Rather than simply cataloguing AI tools, this review takes a critical stance by comparing how different systems actually work, evaluating their pedagogical value across diverse musical contexts, and acknowledging that most current AI models reflect Western classical biases. We draw on examples from Indian classical music, Chinese opera, and Arabic maqam traditions to show how inclusivity matters, not just as an ethical add-on, but as essential to technical effectiveness. The review also proposes a framework for responsible AI integration that addresses curriculum design, data governance, and fair assessment practices.
Kasimah Kamaruddin, Noorashikin Ahmad, Nur Shazwani Ahmad Fadzli, Siti Fatimah Salleh
Family is the fundamental institution in shaping a prosperous society; however, it currently faces numerous challenges. Statistics indicate a declining marriage rate, a rising number of divorces, and an alarming increase in social crimes within the community. These issues necessitate a re-examination of the concept of family well-being, which serves as the foundation for building a civilized and morally upright society. The primary objective of this study is to identify and analyze the concept of family well-being from the perspectives of Islam, the West and Malaysia Madani. This research adopts a qualitative approach using content analysis of both primary and secondary sources. Content analysis is chosen as it allows the researcher to systematically identify and analyze the concept of family well-being, in order to trace the similarities, differences, and points of integration among the Islamic, Western, and Malaysia Madani perspectives. This study finds that the concept of family well-being in Islam is the most comprehensive, as it is grounded in divine revelation and encompasses both worldly and eternal well-being. Islam emphasizes that the foundation of well-being begins with faith, ṣaliḥ actions and good character, supported by the preservation of the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah—namely the protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. In contrast, the Western perspective on well-being focuses more on psychological well-being and self-actualization, while the Malaysia Madani framework emphasizes social policies and the welfare of citizens. Both can be seen as complementary to the broader framework of family well-being. Nevertheless, the Islamic paradigm remains central, as it integrates material, emotional, and social well-being with divine blessings and the pursuit of Allah’s pleasure, thereby ensuring not only happiness in this world but also lasting well-being in the Hereafter.
Camarao, Kurt Hendrix M., Felipe, Renato III L., SY, David Christian M.
Here in the Philippines, we follow the Democratic-Republican System, wherein registered voters have the privilege to elect government leaders, from local to national. Candidates are divided by their vision, platforms, and character, which allows them to persuade voters' preferences. However, this does not translate into better leadership as corruption news linger the country for ages. Evaluating is indeed important in voting. This research paper aims to provide a phenomenological approach to the concept of the Desired Qualities of an Executive Position in the Philippines. Effective performance measurement is crucial for local governments to evaluate their performance and drive continuous improvement. Credentialism is the theory highlighted in this paper, which aims to elevate the qualifications of executive candidates. Having a higher educational degree emphasizes better opportunities for good governance. This review examines existing studies, frameworks, and practical implementations to reveal the advantages, challenges, and best practices associated with this study. The data obtained from 18 most relevant articles to “qualities of executive leaders”, “qualifications of candidates”, and “local government” or “municipalities”. The researchers interviewed 25 experienced voters regarding their personal preference for the executive position in the Philippines. All of respondents said that having at least a college degree or much better, masteral or doctorate is an advantage for running an executive position.
Bea Joanna Mar Y. Malcino, Brexter D. Labado, Jaspher C. Litohon, Niel Boy I. Guatno, Richard B. Mercader, Rolly Mae Ann D. Bahayan
This study examined the relationship between self-efficacy and work performance among employees in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the Municipality of Impasugong, Bukidnon. Grounded in Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (1986), the research focused on four dimensions of self-efficacy performance outcomes, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological feedback and their influence on task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive behaviors. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, using a convenience sample of 150 employees. Data were collected through a modified, validated questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rho correlation. Findings revealed that participants exhibited very high self-efficacy, with the highest mean observed in physiological feedback 3.51, followed by performance outcomes 3.46, vicarious experiences 3.40, and verbal persuasion 3.29. Work performance was also reported as very high, particularly in task performance 3.65 and contextual performance 3.47, while counterproductive behaviors were minimal 3.39, indicating a Very High Level. Correlation analysis indicated a statistically significant positive relationship between overall self-efficacy and work performance, particularly in physiological feedback, performance outcomes, and vicarious experiences. Verbal persuasion, however, showed no significant correlation. Consequently, the null hypothesis was rejected for physiological feedback, performance outcomes, and vicarious experiences, but accepted for verbal persuasion.
Loo Yew Liang, Xu Yutao
Since the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed in 2013, it has been a contemporary research topic for scholars from different countries. The Belt and Road Initiative is a new way for China to put more effort into reforming the economy. The experiment offers China a new way of thinking about development. It is also a sustainable way of promoting global co-development. The paper focused on Malaysia within the ASEAN countries and it will influence the process of economic development in Asia and even globally, especially the cultural challenges impact Malaysia's export volume, with a focus on Chinese international trade enterprises. Therefore, studying the factor of cultural challenge affecting economic and trade activities between China and Malaysia has a positive impact on the development of trade in the Belt and Road Initiative. This research seeks to reconfirm whether the culture has an impact on the export volume of Chinese international trading firms. The study employed the stratified sampling method to select senior managers, middle managers and sales team leader responsible for export business in import and export trading companies in Guangdong Province as respondents. In this research, questionnaires were collected using the platform ‘Question Star’. The data was collected from these practitioners with extensive experience in importing and exporting. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 software after the questionnaire was completed. Based on the results of the analyses, this study concludes that the Malaysian culture showed an impact on the export volume of Chinese trading firms. The export volume of Chinese companies is positively affected if the culture changes in a trade-friendly way. Ultimately, the study suggests that responding to cultural challenges gently not only promotes export trade but also reduces conflict.
Augustin Tchamba
Christianity and democracy are two of the most significant forces shaping human civilization. Yet, their convergence can also generate profound dangers, potentially eroding state secularism and undermining the principle of equal rights. This article examines the complex interaction between these two traditions, arguing that the contemporary fusion of Christianity and democratic politics—what I call the new fusionism—risks producing exclusion and polarization rather than harmony. Historically intertwined, this relationship has evolved into a deeper entanglement, leading to greater interference of religious norms in public life and the marginalization of minority groups within democratic processes. Furthermore, the political manipulation of Christian ideas—such as invoking religious rhetoric to justify discriminatory policies or mobilize sectarian constituencies—intensifies social divisions and weakens democratic institutions. Drawing on critical analysis and case studies, this paper contends that, while cooperation between Christianity and democracy can enrich public life, it also carries the potential for intolerance and radicalization. Ultimately, the argument calls for a renewed commitment to a secular and inclusive civic sphere, where democracy safeguards the dignity and representation of all people without privileging any faith.
I Ketut Kasta Arya Wijaya, Luh Sunari Dewi Sri Muspadi, Made Sutanta
The phenomenon of narcotics abuse in Indonesia continues to escalate, including the involvement of foreign nationals (FNs) in international trafficking networks. The Indonesian government has responded to this threat through Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics, which explicitly provides for the possibility of imposing the death penalty. This article examines the judicial considerations underlying the imposition of capital punishment on foreign nationals convicted of narcotics offenses, as well as its implications for the principles of justice and human rights. Employing a normative juridical approach and case analysis, this study finds that the death penalty is regarded as an ultimum remedium instrument applied to extraordinary crimes. However, disparities in judgments across similar cases indicate the presence of judicial discretion that may generate issues of legal certainty and substantive justice.
John O. Omligbe, Joseph Ekpe Edet, Lorrita Ogu, Shishitileugiang Aniashie Akpanke
This paper examined some views from analysts who expressed concern about the growth of consumer debt and its effect on the Nigerian economy as well as many other third world countries. Some analysts are afraid that the combination of increasing debt and higher interest rates has impaired the ability of households to meet their monthly financial obligations. The idea of Fostering effective credit administration in Nigeria in order to encourage proper credit management development will become landmarks victory over poverty in Nigeria is the observation of this paper. This was one of the reasons for the establishment of the General Assembly of Banks' Chief Executives (GABCE) in Nigeria. However, this paper looked at payment of interests as a percentage of disposable income have actually fallen since the end of the recession in 2001. Assessing Consumer Credit tells us imperative things about our economy. The paper also ex-rayed the capacity of some individuals to borrow effortlessly and refund those debts on time as agreed to stimulate the economy and growth. Consumers and Consumer Credit are the instrument and brainbox of the economy, when credit is unavailable, consumers will face foremost complications in borrowing. In this circumstance, consumers would consume less since they have less access to credit. For this reason, manufacturers will sell less, and produce less. The importance of a viable Consumer Credit System cannot be overemphasized. This paper hypothesized that certain identified factors militate against the development of a strong Consumer Credit System in Nigeria. It examined and analysed these challenges and exposed their negative roles in the development of a strong Consumer Credit System. It focused on strategies that can improve consumer access to credit facilities and concluded that there is need for a paradigmatic change to a global digital financial technology. It therefore made recommendations that can challenge Nigerian policy makers to improve on, or evolve a stronger Consumer Credit System. This Paper also explored that part of the consumer indebtedness story not explicitly related to credit based on real estate collateral, related to stocks and bonds or other financial collateral, or used for business purposes. In other words, it examined the domain of consumer credit. It is the saga of wealth creation in the middle class over time that has led to demand for a wider range of financial products, including completely new forms of credit. It is also the story of the evolution and regulation of financial institutions that have grown to supply those needs and desires. It is simultaneously a tale of growth and competition among these financial providers and of the consequent pressures to attract customers while reducing production costs. Today these competitive forces continue to contribute to the ongoing revolution in product offerings. Innovations such as credit scoring, risk-based pricing, Automated Electronic Credit Reporting Systems, product delivery through automated teller machines (ATMs) and more recently the Internet, and virtually instantaneous access to billions of dollars of credit worldwide illustrate a progression without an ending Human Satisfaction, as markets continue to evolve and as institutions plan and implement new financial services and delivery mechanisms. Even periodic financial crises are unlikely to slow this long-term trend. This paper was segmented into numbered sub-topics for clarity and objectivity.
Bilashi Shaha
The concept of maintenance for Hindu married women has undergone a significant evolution, shaped by both religious injunctions and legal codification. Traditionally, Hindu law, as interpreted from Dharmashastra texts, emphasized the husband’s duty to provide sustenance to his wife, irrespective of her conduct or economic condition, though with certain restrictions rooted in patriarchal norms. Over time, colonial codification and judicial interpretation redefined these principles, balancing religious doctrines with emerging notions of justice and equality. Post-independence reforms, particularly the codified provisions undertheIndia’s Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, and Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956, expanded the scope of a wife’s right to maintenance, while in Bangladesh, reliance on uncodified Hindu personal law has created complexities in ensuring uniform protection. This article explores the historical development of maintenance from ancient Hindu religious texts to modern statutory frameworks, examining how courts have reconciled traditional norms with constitutional ideals of gender justice. It highlights comparative perspectives between India and Bangladesh, identifies persisting challenges such as the lack of codification in Bangladesh, and underscores the need for harmonizing religious traditions with contemporary legal standards to safeguard the socio-economic rights of Hindu married women.
Chidi-Okeke Chioma Nnenna, Obialo Kenechi Rosita, Okeke Ijeoma Chinwe
The study examines the effect of capital adequacy on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks for the period of 2010 – 2023. The objective of this study is to examine how capital adequacy has helped deposit money banks achieve an efficient performance. This study adopts an ex-post facto research design, and the sample size is all deposit money banks in Nigeria. The data used are mainly secondary data collected from the Central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and audited annual publications financial statements of all the deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study employed ordinary least square multiple regression (OLS), descriptive statistical analysis, in addition to E-view electronic packages. According to empirical results at 5% level of significance, findings shows that Capital Adequacy ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on the profitability of deposit money Bank in Nigeria,Loan to deposit ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on the profitability of deposit money Bank in Nigeria,Debt to equity ratio has a negative and insignificant effect on the profitability of deposit money Bank in Nigeria and Liquid Asset ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on the profitability of deposit money Bank in Nigeria. The study recommends that the regulatory authorities and Banks should continue to enforce capital adequacy requirements, focus on credit quality and risk management, optimize capital structure and manage liquidity effectively.These recommendations aim to promote financial stability, resilience, and profitability in the banking sector.
Aduo Frank, Emmanuel Adjei, Frank Blessed Amenyeke, Frederick Akosah Sekyere, Sampson Mensah Akrosumah
The study was conducted to investigate the impact of the usage of generative AI on the academic engagement of students in a selected college of education in Ghana. The study seeks to explore and provide insights on the relationship between the use of generative AI in learning and students’ academic engagement. This approach was selected because it offers a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between generative AI use and students’ academic engagement. A sequential-explanatory mixed-method research design is applied in the study to provide in-depth enlightenment, discussion, investigation, and thorough understanding of the generative AI frequently used by students and how it affects their academic engagement. This approach was selected because it offers a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between generative AI use and students’ academic engagement. Ninety-eight (98) respondents served as participants for the quantitative phase of the study, and twelve (15) interviewees for the qualitative phase. The respondents were selected using convenience sampling, a non-probability sampling technique. The instrument for the quantitative data was a survey questionnaire to examine the type of generative AI mostly used by students and also assess the effect of generative AI on students’ academic engagement. The interview guide, on the other hand, was used to gather qualitative data to obtain rich data that could not be explored using only the quantitative data.
Hirak Ranjan Bera, Kajal Das, Samirranjan Adhikari
Adolescence represents a critical developmental phase marked by self-evaluation and identity formation, which profoundly influence students’ academic and psychological adjustment. The present study explored the relationship between self-concept and academic life satisfaction among adolescents. Employing a correlation research design, data were collected from randomly selected 500 school-going adolescents (197 male & 303 female) of Paschim Medinipur District through standardised psychometric instruments. Multiple regression analysis revealed that various facets of self-concept—particularly those related to beliefs, traditions, aesthetics, and social attributes—significantly predicted academic life satisfaction. The findings underscore that adolescents with a stronger and more positive self-concept experience higher academic satisfaction and well-being. This study substantiates theoretical models that highlight self-concept as a multidimensional construct influencing motivation, engagement, and educational outcomes. The implications extend to educators and policymakers, emphasising the need for interventions that nurture adolescents’ self-concept to enhance academic fulfilment and holistic development.
Batool Abdullah Alyousef, Dr. Bashar Isam Saleem Alzghoul, Fatima Mohammad Al Najim, Ghaida Saeed Al Qahtani, Kawther Ahmed Alfaraj, Mrs.Tarfah Alsabhan, Norah Abdulrahman Alomar
Despite the improvement in quality of life (QoL) in adults, sleepiness is one of the most common causes of poor QoL. This problem has negatively affected medical students due to the extended duration of study time, academic overload, and increasing lifestyle demands. Excessive sleepiness in medical students can put them at high risk of depression and anxiety disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleepiness and QoL in medical students and assess the degree of sleepiness and QoL. A longitudinal correlational design study was conducted in KSA between January and May 2023. A self-administered questionnaire was used, which included demographic data, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and the WHOQoL-BREF. The total number of respondents was 210. However, 173 respondents completed the survey. A significant negative relationship was found between sleepiness and QoL. In terms of QoL domains, sleepiness had a significant effect only on the environment domain. The majority of the respondents (67.05%) did not exhibit sleepiness, while 32.94% did. The WHOQoL-BREF results showed that most respondents had a good QoL (43.35%), while 4.05% had poor QoL. In the second dataset, the total number of respondents was 196, of whom 166 completed the survey. The majority of the students (60.84%) had no sleepiness issues, while 39.16% did. WHOQoL-BREF results revealed that most of the respondents (51.20%) have a good QoL (n=85), while only 2.41% have a bad QoL (n=4). Our analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between sleepiness and the psychological (p<0.05) and physical (p<0.01) QoL domains, while other domains were not significant (p>0.05). Major changes, like reorganizing academic activities, providing individualized mentoring, and setting aside time for study and leisure, are effective in helping students manage their time.
Ohiomoje Iyemifokhae Abubakar
The need for developing countries to create the enabling environment for rapid economic development put them in situation where they have to ensure that more households and firms are inclusive in their tax net. There have been a growing debate among researchers on the effect of tax on unemployment and income in the emerging and developed economies. While the findings from such studies showed positive, inverse relationships or their mix among these variables in the developed economies, the experience of developing countries with regard to tax revenue, unemployment and income is yet to be examined. This study aims to fill this vacuum in the literature. The study made use of the fully modified ordinary least squares technique to evaluate this relationship. The findings indicated that there was decreasing relationships between tax revenue and unemployment while, in the case of income, this was indeterminable, given its insignificantly positive estimate in developing countries.
April Arañas, Jomari Cabalog, Julliane Barbarona, Nomel Alyssa Andan, Rhoda Mae Seballo, Ronah Bukiron, Shayne Albiso
The study aimed to know about pre-service teachers’ view about effectively implementing ICT in the classroom to promote lifelong learning, and its potential drawbacks. The researchers used the phenomenological research design. The participants were chosen using a quota sampling technique. The data were gathered from seven pre-service teachers in a chosen state university utilizing the structured interview through Google Meet. The gathered data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study revealed thirteen (13) themes. The findings of the study found out that pre-service teachers are willing to integrate technology into their lessons for lifelong learning. There is personal desire in using technological tools in classroom instruction to enrich discussion and classroom interaction which leads to academic achievement. It also saves time while maximizing productivity. However, there were several drawbacks such as financial constraints, lack of computer literacy skills, struggle in using unfamiliar and not user-friendly applications, and the lack of physical interaction.
Adel Abedrabu Mohamed Alhemeiri, Kesavan Nallaluthan, Norsamsinar Binti Samsudin
The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between transformational leadership, organizational culture, employee motivation, and job performance in ADNOC. A quantitative methodology was applied to test the hypothesized relationships and validate the proposed conceptual framework. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 422 employees across various departments of ADNOC. A simple random sampling technique was applied in the survey procedure to ensure representation and minimize bias. In this study, data analysis is based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS software. The results showed that transformational leadership has a significant effect on job performance. In addition, the results reveal that both organizational culture and employee motivation partially mediate this relationship. These findings confirm that transformational leadership does not only have a direct impact on performance, but also indirectly influences it by enhancing internal organizational dynamics such as culture and motivation. The outcome of this paper contributes to the theory of organizational behavior and leadership by providing novel empirical evidence on the substantial role of transformational leadership in fostering employee performance, especially through the interaction of organizational culture and motivation. Therefore, organizations and policymakers in the oil and gas sector should consider the findings of this paper in developing strategic leadership and HRM plans. One of the principal recommendations is to invest in leadership development programs that focus on transformational skills, while simultaneously strengthening the cultural and motivational environment, to drive sustainable performance and operational excellence in high-demand sectors like oil and gas.
Linda Bau Mesembe
Politics perceived to be dreaded by women and considered men’s domain, has registered an influx of women aiding sustainable democracy and governance. But in the African continent where culture shapes gender roles and career choices, women tend to experience exclusions from politics. This is the reality of most African countries including Cameroon. Women account for 51% of Cameroon’s population, yet occupy just 13%. Only 6.7% of Mayors in Cameroon and 13% of the Members of Parliament are women. South West Region with 877 councilors, has 139 women. Ndian Division with 225 councilors 23.5% make up female political representation. Bamusso and Ekondo Titi Sub-Divisional Council has four (4) and six (6) female councilors respectively unveiling that from 2013 to 2024, female political participation stands low. Despite Cameroon’s commitment to gender equality, gender gap widens up when it comes to politics in Ndian Division. This paper evaluates the effective import of the law by Cameroonian legislators in promoting gender parity in the political participation of women in Bamusso and Ekondo Titi Sub-Divisions of Cameroon. A mixed method which adopted the descriptive survey design was used, Primary data was collected with an ordinal scale questionnaire and interview guide, with validity and reliability tested by content validity index and the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient reliability test. The Chi Square X² was adopted for analysis with findings that showed that there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim the effective import of the law by Cameroonian legislators does not promote gender parity in the political participation of women in Bamusso and Ekondo Titi Sub-Divisions of Ndian Division in the South West Region of Cameroon. Purposive sampling was used to select participants from the accessible population.
Midiyana Mohamad, Nurul Huda Mohd Saad, Rafiaah Abu
Communication skills play a vital role in modern society, especially in a multicultural and multi-ethnic country like Malaysia. In the Malaysian context, which is rich in various languages, cultures, and histories, many individuals face challenges in communicating effectively and have limited knowledge of local cultures and geography. To address this issue, an interactive board game themed around Malaysian cultures was developed to enhance communication skills, improve cultural knowledge, and stimulate social interaction in a relaxed and enjoyable setting. This game focuses on three main objectives, namely to enhance participants' knowledge of Malaysian cultures through trivia questions, to encourage the use of language in oral communication, and to stimulate critical and creative thinking in social interactions. This study employs a descriptive approach, utilising both quantitative and qualitative methods. It was conducted at a public higher education institution in Melaka, with the participants consisting of diploma students. Data were collected through observations and questionnaires to assess the effectiveness of the board game on oral communication skills, knowledge of Malaysian cultures, and social interaction. The findings of the study indicate that the game successfully enhanced the participants' communication skills, enriched their knowledge of Malaysian cultures, and encouraged their positive social interaction. Furthermore, the informal learning approach applied proved to be effective and suitable for all levels of society, making it an effective alternative learning tool in the context of families, communities, corporations, and cultural tourism. Overall, this game method has proven effective in increasing individuals' interest and motivation towards the language and cultures of Malaysia, making it an innovative concept that can be adapted throughout the archipelago.
Khairul Azhar Jamaludin, Liu Sitong
In the context of China’s vocational education, English reading competence is crucial for accessing technical materials, safety protocols, and digital resources. However, students exhibit wide disparities in proficiency, motivation, and learning needs, making traditional “one-size-fits-all” instruction inadequate. This study investigates the effectiveness of Differentiated Instruction (DI) in enhancing English reading skills among first-year vocational students in Jinan, China. Employing a mixed-methods design, quantitative data from pre- and post-tests were combined with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews to capture both performance outcomes and learner experiences. Results indicate that DI significantly improves reading comprehension compared to traditional instruction, with low- and medium-proficiency students showing the greatest gains. High-proficiency students achieved modest improvements, highlighting the need for upward differentiation. Qualitative findings reveal that appropriately leveled tasks, scaffolded support, and collaborative learning enhanced confidence, motivation, and engagement across proficiency levels. The study demonstrates that DI is not merely a remediation tool but a comprehensive instructional approach addressing cognitive, motivational, and social dimensions of learning. Implications include the importance of teacher training, tiered materials, and flexible grouping to foster equitable and effective vocational English education. Limitations and directions for future research, including long-term retention and skill transfer, are discussed.
Irham Iskandar, Kurnia Asni, T. Azwar
This study aims to analyze the effect of the effectiveness of the re-marking service of the Measuring Instrument, Measure, Weigh on consumer confidence and the smooth running of trade activities, both directly and through mediation, as well as to test the role of consumer metrology literacy as a moderation variable. This research was carried out at the Lambaro Traditional Market, Aceh Besar, with a merchant population of 984 people who use measuring instruments, measurements, weights, and equipment. The number of samples was determined using the Slovin formula with a margin of error of 8%, so that 135 respondents were obtained. The data was analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling method based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) through the Smart PLS application. The results showed that the effectiveness of the re-marking service of the Measuring Instrument, Measure, Weigh had a significant effect on consumer confidence (β = 0.754; p < 0.001), but did not have a direct effect on the smooth running of trading activities (β = 0.107; p = 0.219). On the other hand, consumer confidence was shown to have a significant effect on the smooth running of trading activities (β = 0.499; p < 0.001) and mediated a full relationship between the effectiveness of re-marking services and smooth trading (β = 0.376; p < 0.001). In addition, consumer metrology literacy strengthened the relationship between consumer confidence and smooth trading (β = 0.097; p = 0.023). This research provides a practical contribution for local governments, especially the Legal Metrology Regional Technical Implementation Unit, to improve the quality of re-marking services as an instrument for building public trust. For business actors, re-marking results are not only a legal obligation, but also a strategic means to improve the business image. This research is also useful for the community as a basis for improving metrology literacy as well as for academics as a reference for developing further research models in the field of trade and legal metrology.
Amos Oduor Gamba, Dr. Naftal Michira Nyang’ara
The Constituency Development Fund (CDF) has been utilized by the Kenyan government to facilitate secondary school opportunities through the construction of infrastructural facilities which in the leads to the improvement of learner performance due to conducive learning environments, these infrastructural facilities includes; classrooms, laboratories, procurement of desks and chairs, and the disbursement of bursaries to financially disadvantaged students. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the effects of Constituency Development Fund on school infrastructure in selected secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya.In order to accomplish this objective, the study employed a cross-sectional study methodology. The decentralization theory served as theoretical framework for this research. The study sample comprised of 34 head teachers who were chosen through purposive sampling and 340 pupils selected through simple random sampling. This resulted in a total sample size of 374 participants. The study utilized quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. This included Principals Testing Questionnaire Instrument (PTQI) for the principals that were self-administered. Data was gathered from the students using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The study used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 to analyze the data collected. The descriptive statistics included frequencies and percentages. It was established that CDF is utilized to support development projects with direct social and economic impacts to the schools according to majority of the respondents (68.0 %). It was stated by 82.4 % of the head teachers that through CDF, they have been able to establish the laboratory facilities leading to improvement of students’ performance in science subjects in their schools. CDF was found to have contributed positively to the equipping of the school libraries by buying new textbooks according to 76.5 % of the head teachers. Majority of the respondents (58.8 %) stated that CDF had facilitated them with necessary resource for curriculum implementation in their schools. The correlation analysis test at 5 % level of significance revealed that the effects of Constituency Development Fund on school infrastructure yielded a correlation coefficient r (34) = 0.568, p-value = 0.000, on enrollment of students, it yielded a correlation coefficient r (34) = 0.551, p-value = 0.000 as well as on curriculum implementation yielded a correlation coefficient r (34) = 0.590, p-value=0.000. The study recommended that all stakeholders in the education sector which include parents, leaders and school management to be brought on board when formulating policies governing education funding from CDF. This will ensure that priorities are well placed on the allocation, disbursement and utilization of CDF for the optimal goal in promoting education in Kenya.
Joel Adetokunbo, Olakunle Sobowale, Oluwasola Dada
The study is an empirical study of how changes in monetary policy and volatility in interest rates impact investment decisions in corporations and firm performance in general. The study analyses the relationship between the changes in the central bank policy rates, money supply, and fluctuation in interest rates and the distribution of capital, profitability, as well as long-term economic growth using panel data of listed firms across various countries between 2000 and 2024. Using fixed-effects regression equations and GARCH-based measures of interest rate volatility, the analysis will be able to identify both the short-term and long-term impact of monetary policy on the financial performance of a firm. The findings suggest that the effect of monetary easing on corporate investment is usually to boost investment by young and highly levered companies, but doing the opposite through contractionary policies. Interest rate volatility on the contrary is established to have negative implications on investment planning and long term capital formation meaning that it is more uncertain on the cost of financing and the risk adjusted returns. The results also point out the sectoral differences with the capital-intensive industries being more sensitive to monetary policy shocks. The findings are empirical support of the mechanism of transmission of the monetary policy at a microeconomic level and the value of policy stability in promoting sustainable investment and economic growth. The research provides information to policymakers, corporate financial managers, and investors who may want to know the complicated relationship between the macroeconomic policy and the decision-making process related to the firm.
Amelia Masran, Nurul Jannah Mustafa Khan, Zuhaira Nadiah Zulkipli
Land acquisition in Malaysia has long been outlined as a balancing exercise between public interest and private rights of landowners, with compensation serving as the key instrument of fairness. Previous scholars have largely focused on this dual tension. However, recent judicial developments acknowledge the emergence of a third stakeholder which is the paymaster. Paymaster, often the concessionaires or acquiring bodies are those duty-bound in the development of an acquired land and financially responsible for the payment of compensation to the landowners. Although the paymaster holds no proprietary interest in the acquired land, Malaysian courts have recognized them as “person interested” within the ambit of the Land Acquisition Act 1960 (“LAA”). Recently, courts have also recognized their right to intervene in land reference proceedings, seek extensions of time to participate, object to the awards given by the Land Administrator (“LA”) and challenge procedural impropriety by the LA. This judicial recognition complicates the traditional framework of land acquisition by expanding a new layer of interest that must be balanced alongside those of the State and landowners. Relying on case law analysis, this paper argues that the recognition of the paymaster’s interest marks a significant shift in Malaysian land acquisition law, raising urgent questions of fairness, accountability and the proper scope of paymaster’s rights to be embedded or expressly excluded in the LAA. The study reveals that the judicial recognition accorded to paymaster has allowed them to actively pursue every available procedural avenue under the LAA, often with the underlying aim of reducing the compensation to the detriment of landowners. By highlighting these issues, the paper contributes to the limited research on paymasters’ interests and lays the foundation for future reform-oriented research in the Malaysian land acquisition law.
Hamidah Norman, Maryam Mohd Esa, Noor Azlin Mohd Kasim, Suhailah Ibrahim, Suzana Ab Rahman
This study investigates the relationship between digital financial literacy, financial socialization, and saving and investment practices with household financial well-being among the B40 community in Masjid Tanah, Melaka. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 294 respondents through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The findings reveal that all independent variables have a positive and significant relationship with household financial well-being. Digital financial literacy shows a weak but significant relationship (r = 0.207, p < 0.001), while financial socialization demonstrates a moderate positive relationship (r = 0.302, p = 0.001). Saving and investment practices exhibit the strongest and most significant relationship (r = 0.658, p < 0.001), indicating that consistent saving and investment behaviors are key determinants of financial well-being among low-income households. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of household financial well-being by highlighting the crucial role of practical financial behavior, social influences, and digital financial competencies.
Noor Faiza M. Jaafar, Rahayu Mohd Sehat
There is a growing intersection between AML and ESG, signalling a new phase in the criminology of finance. Although there is plenty of work on ESG and AML dimensions independently, little work is done in the overlapping space of the two in terms of risky activities and enforcement. Accordingly, this research proposes the ESG–AML Convergence Model as a novel theoretical instrument that facilitates an investigation into the assessment of how an advanced sustainability scene, like Malaysia’s forward-looking ESG landscape (including green finance and Islamic banking), may engender potential misuse cases of anti-money laundering. Using criminological theories like routine activity theory and convenience theory, the model shows how the perceived legitimacy of ESG initiatives can “conceal” AML risk. This helps fraudsters take advantage of greenwashing, due diligence and regulatory silos. One of the important findings, particularly concerning, is that there are systemic weaknesses in Malaysia’s financial system, manifested in ESG and AML compliance functions not being aligned; due-diligence processes are fragmented; and technology is limited in ensuring that transactions of an ESG type can be tracked. This conceptual paper provides specific actions based on government-wide governance, state-of-the-art analytics, and trans-regulatory coordination to better manage such risks in the future. Our contribution to the literature is twofold. This study will contribute to academic knowledge and provide tools for regulators, financial service providers and policymakers, by connecting the fields of financial criminology and sustainable finance policy, that further sustainability and financial integrity in developing countries.
Esther Chomba, Lydiah Wangungu
A sociolect is a linguistic variety associated with a particular social group, defined by factors such as socioeconomic status, profession, ethnicity, or age. Based on socioeconomic status and age, Sheng has been classified as a sociolect. As a social linguistic code, it has evolved from a sociolect of the youth into a potent tool in political discourse. This paper examines the evolution of Sheng from a youth -linguistic code to a political tool. The paper illustrates how sociolect varieties spoken by particular social groups can influence and transform political discourse. The study explores the socio-political significance of Sheng, and how it has been appropriated into political language, analysing the implications for both political communication and socio - linguistic identity. Through the use of Political Discourse Analysis Theory, the paper examines how political language shapes and is shaped by societal issues, ideologies, and identities. The analysed data was obtained from media and digital platforms that were purposefully sampled. In particular, the paper examines the role of Sheng in the recent rejection of the controversial Finance Bill of 2024 in Kenya. The study investigates how sheng functions as a medium of expression and social resistance in contemporary Kenya.
Chreniel Lou G. Alecida, MS Mathematics Education, Eddie P. Trases, MS Mathematics Education, Gladys S. Escarlos
Synthesizing empirical research published between 2020 and 2024, this systematic review interrogates the complementary roles of Instructional and Distributed Leadership as frameworks for contemporary educational management. The analysis reveals a compelling synergy: Instructional Leadership establishes the essential academic focus, while Distributed Leadership describes the critical collaborative processes required for implementation. Findings from 28 peer-reviewed studies underscore how their integration fosters robust teaching quality, enhances student achievement, and builds organizational resilience, particularly in navigating post-pandemic challenges and advancing equity. Quantitative trends further substantiate these relationships, indicating medium to strong effect sizes for instructional leadership on student outcomes (e.g., β = 0.25-0.45) and significant positive correlations between leadership distribution and teacher efficacy (r = 0.30-0.55). The evidence concludes that a dual-framework approach provides a more complete and powerful model for effective school leadership.
Che Mohd Syaharuddin Che Cob, Fazreena Mansor, Syahida Abd Aziz
In today’s digital economy, cultivating brand loyalty has become increasingly complex as consumer interactions shift toward technology-driven platforms. Traditional approaches to loyalty are no longer sufficient, as consumers demand personalized, immersive, and engaging experiences. This study addresses the problem of understanding how digital strategies shape brand loyalty in evolving technological contexts. The primary aim is to examine emerging patterns in the literature and identify consistent, rising, and novel themes that explain the mechanisms through which digital innovation influences loyalty. To achieve this, the study employs a qualitative synthesis of scholarly works, drawing insights from expert contributions, conceptual mapping, and thematic analysis to capture both established and emerging perspectives. The findings reveal three levels of themes. First, social media marketing remains a consistent driver of loyalty, as user-generated content and brand communities foster trust and long-term engagement. Second, rising themes such as gamification and user experience (UX) highlight the growing importance of interactive, seamless, and personalized digital interactions in strengthening loyalty outcomes. Finally, novel themes—including the metaverse and artificial intelligence (AI)—demonstrate how immersive virtual environments and AI-driven personalization are redefining consumer-brand relationships in unprecedented ways. The study contributes theoretically by framing brand loyalty as a dynamic construct shaped by evolving digital landscapes, extending existing loyalty models to incorporate emerging technological drivers. Practically, the research provides managers with strategic guidance on leveraging social media, gamification, UX, and cutting-edge technologies to sustain consumer commitment. Future studies are encouraged to empirically test these themes across cultural contexts and assess ethical implications associated with advanced digital innovations.
Maryam Azizan, Nik Siti Maisarah Abd Rahman
The study investigates the gothic double of Sitora Harimau Jadian (1965) by P. Ramlee through the observation of the characteristics of Dr Effendi and the weretiger, Sitora. Double or doubling is a Gothic motif that is prevalent in Gothic literature, both classic and contemporary, which explores the nuances of the dark psyche one inhibits. It also problematises or brings forth thematic issues of alienation, transgression and the like. Based on the analysis, the researchers gathered that the transformation of Dr Effendi as Weretiger Cub / Son of Sitora depicts the anxiety of his character in mediating the setting of rural and urbanisation, while being principally challenged in combating Malay superstition and taboo that still takes root in a modern society.
Beatrice A Mbune, Dr. S.N Waweru, Prof. F. W Njuguna Senior Lecturer
Although Transformational Leadership has received significant scholarly attention over the past four decades, limited research has examined its individual dimensions in depth, particularly idealized influence. This study investigates the role of idealized influence—a core component of transformational leadership—in shaping the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in public secondary schools in Kenya. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the research involved 62 school principals selected through census, along with 186 teachers and 372 students chosen via simple random sampling. Data collection methods included the MLQ-structured questionnaire, interviews, document reviews, and checklists. Descriptive statistics were used to outline trends and variable states, while regression analysis provided insights into the relationships between variables. The findings revealed a moderately strong positive correlation between ICT usage in schools and idealized influence (r = 0.557, p < 0.001). Principals who demonstrated ethical leadership, earned trust, and articulated a compelling vision were more successful in promoting ICT adoption. These results highlight the need to strengthen this leadership attribute through targeted training. The study recommends that educational authorities implement professional development programs to enhance principals’ idealized influence capabilities, thereby supporting more effective ICT integration. It also lays the groundwork for future studies to examine how other aspects of transformational leadership, in combination with contextual factors, influence technology use in education.
Ayomikun Olugbode, Omotoke Olugbode
This study examines the complex effect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on global labour mobility and workplace diversity in today's global economy. It endeavors to explore how automation and intelligent systems affect global labour mobility as well as the presence of minority and migrant groups in the global work environment. Through a qualitative study approach, it gathers information from comparative cases of developed and emerging economies to ascertain the economic and social effects of embracing AI. Evidence suggests that while AI raises productivity, efficiency, and innovation, it also promotes job displacement for low-skilled workers and some high-skilled workers. It disproportionately affects migrants and socio-economic groups that are disadvantaged, leading to higher inequality and lower social mobility. Furthermore, AI systems that are developed from biased data sources tend to reinforce existing biases, undermining diversity and inclusion practices in the workplace. The report proposes the development of ethical and transparent AI systems, inclusive data practices, and large-scale upskilling efforts to train workers in the skills required for the changing labour market. It also recommends the development of strong regulatory frameworks and equitable labour policies that protect poor workers and guarantee balanced participation. These steps can enable societies to reap the highest benefit from AI while reducing the adverse impact of AI on migration and work-place diversity.
Changqing Liu, Nor Hamimah Mastor
In recent years, the issue of corporate fraud has gained increasing attention in both academic research and professional practice, the role of auditors in fraud prevention and detection has become increasingly critical. This study investigates the impact of auditor competence—comprising technical knowledge, professional skepticism, and professional ethics—on fraud detection performance in China. Drawing on data from 382 practicing auditors and analyzed using SPSS statistical analysis, the findings reveal that all three dimensions significantly enhance auditors’ fraud detection capability, with professional skepticism exerting the strongest influence, followed by technical knowledge and professional ethics. These results suggest that a questioning mindset, analytical acumen, and ethical integrity collectively determine the effectiveness of fraud identification. In particular, professional skepticism enables auditors to critically evaluate audit evidence, challenge management assertions, and maintain vigilance when confronted with ambiguous or conflicting information. Technical knowledge equips auditors with the analytical and procedural skills necessary to identify complex fraud schemes, while professional ethics ensure that judgments remain objective and independent despite social or client-related pressures. The study also highlights the unique institutional and relational dynamics within the Chinese auditing context, where factors such as guanxi and regulatory expectations may influence auditor behavior. Practical implications emphasize the importance of enhancing continuous professional education, integrating ethics and skepticism into competency frameworks, and cultivating an audit culture that encourages transparency and critical inquiry. By linking core auditor competencies to measurable fraud detection outcomes, this research contributes to improving audit quality and reinforcing public confidence in financial reporting.
Marete Josephine Njoki
A growing body of evidence links biophilic design to enhanced well-being in educational settings. However, this research is predominantly situated in high-income, developed countries, leaving a critical gap in understanding its effects in resource-constrained contexts. This study examined the effects of biophilic interior design on the emotional and social well-being of pupils in government-sponsored primary schools in Mukono District, Uganda. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed with 302 pupils (aged 11-12) from four purposively selected schools. Quantitative data were collected via a reliable 5-point Likert scale questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.895) measuring Emotional and Social Environment (ESE) and perceptions of four biophilic domains: Nature in Space (NIS), Sensory Nature Stimuli (SNS), Nature of Space (NOS), and Natural Analogues (NA). Qualitative data were gathered through 12 focus group interviews (n=4 pupils each) incorporating diamond ranking and visual elicitation board activities. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation, and multiple regression. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The regression model was statistically significant, F(4,297) = 74.34, p<.001, explaining 49.4% of the variance in well-being scores (Adjusted R²=0.494). All four biophilic domains were significant positive predictors, with NIS (β = 0.54, p<.001) and NOS (β = 0.47, p<.001) showing the strongest effects. Qualitative findings revealed that pupils strongly associated positive emotions with elements like natural light, views of greenery, and open, safe spaces for socializing, while expressing aversion to dark, paved, and poorly maintained environments. Biophilic design elements are powerful, significant predictors of pupil well-being in Ugandan primary schools. The convergence of quantitative and qualitative data provides robust, context-specific evidence that integrating these nature-based elements can profoundly enhance the emotional and social environment of learning spaces, offering a low-cost strategy for supporting holistic student development in resource-constrained settings.
Nur Widad Roslan, Rusydi Mohamad Kamal
This study explores the influence of digital items on Islamic education among Muslim youths. It examines how digital tools enhance learning engagement, accessibility, and self-directed study within Islamic contexts. Through qualitative analysis, the research highlights the growing preference for digital platforms as effective supplementary learning tools that promote independent exploration and deeper understanding of Islamic teachings. The findings suggest that digital resources not only modernize Islamic education but also foster a more interactive and accessible learning experience for the younger generation.
Dick Mwendwa Atolo, Fredrick Kalui Mukoma
This study is set out with the general objective of establishing the effect of digital technologies on the effectiveness of internal audit function in commercial banks in Kenya. The research is guided by the following specific objectives; to determine the effect of artificial intelligence on the effectiveness of internal audit function in commercial banks in Kenya; to determine the effect of cognitive technology on the effectiveness of internal audit function in commercial banks in Kenya; to determine the effect of data analytics on the effectiveness of internal audit function in commercial banks in Kenya; to assess the effect of robotic process automation on the effectiveness of internal audit function in commercial banks in Kenya; to determine the joint effect of digital technologies (artificial intelligence, cognitive technology, data analytics and robotic process automation) on the effectiveness of internal audit function in commercial banks in Kenya. The research employed descriptive research design. The target population for the study was all the 39 licensed commercial banks in Kenya. A census of the population was used in this study. Primary data was collected using closed questionnaires. Descriptive and inference statistics were used to analyze the data with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23 programme. Pearson correlation was used to establish the strength of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Regression (Simple and multiple) analysis was used to establish the effect of the independent variable on dependent variable. The data analyzed was presented in the form of tables, pie charts and graphs. The study examined the effect of digital technologies artificial intelligence (AI), cognitive technology, data analytics, and robotic process automation (RPA) on the effectiveness of the internal audit function in commercial banks in Kenya. The findings indicated that AI and RPA had a positive and significant impact on internal audit effectiveness, whereas cognitive technology and data analytics did not have a statistically significant effect. However, when analyzed jointly, all digital technologies had a significant and positive joint effect on internal audit effectiveness. Develop comprehensive digital transformation strategies: Banks should take a holistic approach in implementing digital technologies to maximize their combined impact on the internal audit function. Regulators should develop policies that guide the ethical and effective use of AI and RPA in internal audit functions. The government and regulatory bodies should incentivize banks to integrate digital technologies to improve transparency and efficiency in auditing.
Nguyen Phuong Tu
This study examines the impact of digital transformation (DT) on labor productivity (LP) and production cost reduction (PCR) among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. Drawing on the resource-based view and dynamic-capabilities theory, a mixed-methods design was applied to integrate qualitative insights and quantitative validation. Semi-structured interviews with 15 SME managers were followed by a survey of 351 SMEs in Hanoi and neighboring provinces, analyzed using SmartPLS 4. Results indicate that DT significantly improves both LP (β = 0.46, p < 0.001) and PCR (β = 0.39, p < 0.001). Digital skills (DS) partially mediate these effects, highlighting that technology yields performance benefits mainly when supported by workforce competence. Moreover, firm characteristics—particularly size and sector—moderate the DT–performance relationship, with medium-sized and manufacturing firms realizing greater efficiency gains. The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence from an emerging economy where research on DT outcomes remains limited. Practically, it underscores the need for SMEs to align digital investments with human-capital development and integrated process management. Policy recommendations emphasize training support, infrastructure enhancement, and phased digital adoption strategies to accelerate Vietnam’s SME digitalization.
Agus Frianto, Bima Yatna Anugerah Ramadhani, Lik Anah, Muhammad Husain
The dynamic and uncertain modern work environment demands strong adaptive performance from individuals. This study to analyze the influence of information technology on adaptive performance by examining the mediating role of knowledge sharing. This research employs a quantitative causal-explanatory approach. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey involving 80 undergraduate Management students at FEB Unesa who are participating in the MBKM program. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. The findings reveal that information technology has a significant positive direct effect on adaptive performance (β = 0.641, p = 0.000). It also positively affects knowledge sharing (β = 0.826, p = 0.000). However, the analysis indicates that knowledge sharing does not significantly affect adaptive performance aims (β = 0.103, p = 0.501). Furthermore, knowledge sharing does not mediate the relationship between information technology and adaptive performance (β = 0.085, p = 0.511). The study concludes that investing in information technology directly enhances both organizational resilience and adaptive capacity. Organizations and educational institutions should prioritize implementing strategic and high-quality information technology. This is a primary step in building adaptive capabilities. The role of knowledge sharing, although significant for other organizational functions, does not serve as a mediating mechanism between technology and adaptation in this context.
Khairul Naziya Kasim, Nur Farhah Najihah Rosdi
The rapidly evolving educational landscape, marked by rising competition, globalization, and sustainability challenges, has heightened the importance of effective governance in higher education institutions (HEIs). Risk Management Committees (RMCs) play a critical role in navigating uncertainties and fostering institutional stability. This study investigates the impact of RMCs effectiveness on employee performance, with employee satisfaction serving as a mediating variable, within the context of Malaysian HEIs. Drawing on institutional theory, the research examines how RMCs practices not only achieve functional objectives but also enhance legitimacy, contributing to improved employee satisfaction and performance. The data was collected through online questionnaires from 126 employees across public and private HEIs. Structural equation modelling (SEM) using SmartPLS 4.0 was employed to evaluate the relationships between RMCs effectiveness, employee satisfaction, and employee performance. The results reveal that RMCs effectiveness significantly impacts both employee satisfaction and performance, with satisfaction mediating this relationship. The study underscores the crucial mediating role of employee satisfaction, which bridges the relationship between RMCs effectiveness and employee performance. These findings highlight the critical role of satisfaction in translating governance practices into tangible performance improvements. This research provides actionable insights for HEI administrators and policymakers, emphasizing the need for robust RMCs structures and employee-centred strategies. The study also contributes to the literature by extending the application of Institutional Theory to the education sector, offering a comprehensive framework for aligning governance practices with employee outcomes.
Aida Hazlin Ismail, Hazlina Hassan, Nik Anis Idayu Nik Abdullah, Nurhaiyyu Abdull Hamid
This conceptual paper explores the multifaceted role of emotional intelligence (EI) in enhancing team dynamics and achieving organizational success. Drawing on foundational theories of emotional intelligence, the paper highlights the impact of self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills on leadership effectiveness. The discussion extends to how EI promotes better communication, collaboration, conflict resolution, and workplace morale. This paper synthesizes key theoretical perspectives to argue for the centrality of EI in contemporary leadership, offering insights into how organizations can leverage EI to improve both interpersonal relationships and strategic outcomes. It also outlines directions for future research and implications for practice in leadership development.
Cheng Meng, Sharifah Rahama Binti Amirul, Toh Pei Sung
This study investigates the impact of employee satisfaction on performance among manufacturing employees in Shanghai using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Data were collected from 100 employees through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, assessing. The SEM results show that employee satisfaction has a significant positive effect on performance, confirming its predictive role in enhancing task completion, teamwork, and adaptability. The findings also reveal a reciprocal relationship between satisfaction and performance, forming a reinforcing cycle of motivation and achievement. Practically, managers should strengthen recognition systems, promote supportive team environments, and establish transparent development pathways. The study contributes to understanding how satisfaction drives performance and offers actionable guidance for improving employee engagement and organizational effectiveness in China’s manufacturing sector.
Ayasal Anthony Auya, Ekaette, Glory Edem, Ugonna Obi-Emeruwa
This study examines the impact of environmental factors on the operations of Nigerian domestic airlines, focusing on how these factors influence safety, efficiency, and overall performance. The aviation industry is highly sensitive to environmental conditions, with weather patterns, air quality, natural disasters, and regulatory frameworks playing a critical role in shaping airline operations. Key environmental challenges include adverse weather conditions such as wind shear, high temperatures, low visibility, and precipitation, which can lead to flight delays, cancellations, and safety hazards. Additionally, poor air quality, volcanic ash clouds, and natural disasters like floods and hurricanes disrupt airport infrastructure and pose risks to aircraft and passengers. Environmental regulations aimed at reducing emissions, noise pollution, and promoting sustainable aviation fuels further compound operational complexities for airlines. The primary problem addressed in this research is the lack of comprehensive strategies by Nigerian domestic airlines to mitigate the adverse effects of environmental factors on their operations. The objective of the study was to assess the extent to which these factors affect airline performance and propose actionable recommendations to enhance resilience and sustainability. A quantitative approach was adopted, to analyse flight disruptions caused by environmental factors. Findings reveal that weather-related disruptions account for over 60% of flight delays and cancellations in Nigeria, while compliance with environmental regulations has led to increased operational costs. Airlines face significant reputational risks due to inconsistent responses to environmental challenges. Based on these findings, the study recommends investing in advanced weather monitoring systems, adopting fuel-efficient technologies, and fostering collaboration between airlines and regulators to develop sustainable practices.
Muhammad Hisyamudin Baharudin
Google Play Books is an online platform provided by Google inside the Google Play Store that consists of variety e-books available for download and reading on mobile devices. Google Play Books offers a wide variety of e-book genres to suit different tastes and interests. Some of them are fiction, non-fiction, mystery & thriller, children’s books, science & technology, health & wellness and education & reference. This review paper aims to study the impact of using Google Play Books on enhancing e-learning and online education. The methodology uses is a literature review study from 10 sources consisting of jurnal articles from Google Scholar and ResearchGate using three keywords which are “Google Play Book”, “E-Learning” and “Online Education”. Findings from this literature study indicate that Google Play Books positively influences e-learning and online education. It can be divided into two analyzed topic which are Enhancing Learning Process among students and Developing Digital Educational Contents made by teachers and educators.
Ogundeji, Colins Oloyede, Olanlokun, Adewale Emmanuel
The study examined the impact of Human Capital on firms’ performance in Nigeria considering Deposit Money Banks. The selected deposits money banks are United Bank for Africa (UBA) Plc, First Bank Nigeria Plc, Wema Bank Plc, Zenith Bank Plc, Guaranty Trust Bank Plc, First City Monument Bank Plc, Fidelity Bank Plc, Diamond Bank Plc, Eco Bank Plc and Access Bank Plc in Nigeria. The study adopted Ex-Post Facto research design since it relied on secondary data using panel data. The target population for this study is focused on the ten deposit money banks five years financial reports spanning over 2011 - 2015. In this study, a purposive sampling technique was used to select the deposits money banks from the financial service sector of the quoted companies of the Nigerian stock exchange as at September 2015. From the findings of the study, it is concluded that the inclusion of Human Capital as asset in the financial reports makes the reports more relevant for decision making compared to the conventional way of reporting. Thus, expenditures on human resource like those relating to training, education, welfare, recruitment, selection, contribution to pension fund, and subsistence allowance are better accounted for when they are capitalized rather than expensed. Therefore, it is a necessity to capitalize them. In recommendation; International Accounting Standard Board should consider human resources accounting as an inclusion of non-current asset. Further research should expand the sample, period of study and explore qualitative research.
EL MOKHTARI Soufiane, OUIDDAD Smail
This article examines the influence of brand visual content—particularly images disseminated through social media—on Moroccan consumer engagement. Using a hypothetico-deductive approach grounded in the Uses and Gratifications Theory and the Consumer Engagement Theory, a quantitative survey was conducted among 420 Moroccan social media users across major platforms (Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok). Data were analyzed using Smart PLS 4 through the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The findings reveal that visual quality, authenticity, interactivity, and storytelling of brand content have a significant positive impact on the three dimensions of engagement: consumption, contribution, and creation. The study suggests that brands operating in Morocco should adopt a coherent, emotionally engaging, and participatory visual content strategy to strengthen consumer–brand relationships in the post-COVID digital environment.
G Nagamany A/P Govindan, Mohd Shahrudin bin Mohmud
This research investigates the impact of integrating project-based learning (PjBL) into Teaching English as a Second Language in pre-university courses to enhance language skills development. Despite the growing emphasis on communicative and interactive approaches in language education, traditional teaching methods in English language courses at tertiary level studies often fall short in actively engaging students and fostering practical language skills. Many students struggle with applying language concepts in real-world contexts, leading to insufficient proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The study examines how PjBL methodologies influence students' proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing within the tertiary level English language teaching and learning context. A mixed-methods approach is employed, utilizing both quantitative assessments of language skill outcomes and qualitative analysis of student perceptions and experiences. A survey questionnaire consisting of both close and open-ended questions is created to obtain responses for the mixed method. Findings suggest that PjBL fosters significant improvements in language acquisition by promoting active engagement, authentic language use, and collaborative learning. Implications for curriculum design and instructional practices in English language teaching and learning practices are discussed based on the study's outcomes.
Azeez Ismail Olabisi, Essien Adeola Adesola
In Nigeria, where MSMEs dominate economic activity and formal Technical and Vocational Education remains inadequate, Indigenous Apprenticeship Systems (IAS) persist as a critical yet under-researched pathway for skill transfer, entrepreneurship, and livelihood creation. This study examines the impact of Indigenous Apprenticeship Systems (IAS) on the livelihoods of graduates and apprentices in Lagos State, with particular focus on income generation, well-being, and MSME sustainability. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys (utilising chi-square statistics) with qualitative interviews (employing thematic analysis) to investigate the impact of Indigenous Apprenticeship Systems (IAS) on livelihoods in Lagos State. Employing convenience and snowball sampling, the research involved administering online questionnaires to 236 respondents (164 graduates and 72 apprentices) from the indigenous crafts of cane weaving and tie-dye. The study found that Indigenous Apprenticeship Systems (IAS) significantly improved livelihoods in Lagos State, with 99.0% of graduates reporting enhanced food security and 77.0% improved healthcare access. Additionally, personal income, business growth, and customer diversification in IAS-based MSMEs were strongly associated with improvements in housing, utilities, and the overall well-being of the operators. This study demonstrates that Indigenous Apprenticeship Systems (IAS) in Lagos State remain a critical livelihood pathway, uniquely linking business performance indicators (MBR, MPI, and BG) to multidimensional well-being outcomes in an urban African context where such empirical validation has been scarce. The study highlights IAS as a viable complement to under-resourced formal Technical and Vocational Education systems, necessitating the need for targeted support, innovation, and digital inclusion policies to sustain their relevance and maximise their impact on youth employment, sustainable livelihoods, and MSME resilience in Lagos State.
Busu Mpepo, Dr Jason Mwanza
Descriptive and inferential statistics frequencies, percentages, and regression analysis were used to analyse the quantitative data, exploring relationships between M and E integration and strategic outcomes (Gichuhi and Nyagah, 2019). According to the report of the Committee of Cabinet Affairs on the Implementation of the National Monitoring and Evaluation Policy in Zambia (2023), the Government developed the National Monitoring and Evaluation Policy to provide a framework to measure and track progress in the implementation of policies, plans, programmes and projects. This arose due to the need for a robust national Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework to guide the National Development Plan implementation and provide mechanisms for objective assessment of programme results (outcomes and impacts) which needed the urgent and coordinated attention of all stakeholders (NAZ, 2023). However, the University of Zambia under the Ministry of Education (MoE) was not familiar with the content of the Policy and the implementation plan. The main purpose of this study was to assess the impact of Integrating Monitoring and Evaluation Frameworks into the Strategic Planning Process at the University of Zambia. The specific objectives were to evaluate the role of effective integrating monitoring and evaluation frameworks into the strategic planning process at the University of Zambia, to evaluate the involvement of monitoring and evaluation frameworks into the strategic planning process at the University of Zambia., and to determine the impact of integrating monitoring and evaluation frameworks into the strategic planning process at the University of Zambia. The researcher adopted quantitative research designs. The study employed Purposive sampling techniques to mobilise the quantitative and qualitative data. The Purposive method was used to identify and select a homogenous sample of UNZA employees that met the predetermined criterion of importance. The research comprised of questionnaires. The questionnaires were used because they are the main means of collecting quantitative primary data. The questionnaires enabled quantitative data collected in a standardized manner, to ensure the data is consistency and coherent for the analysis. From the findings, the study concludes that the University of Zambia has made significant strides in implementing M&E structures, with 91% of respondents acknowledging the presence of dedicated M&E units. However, the effectiveness of these structures is perceived as lacking by a notable segment of the staff, with 69% of respondents rating the current M&E processes as ineffective or very ineffective. This finding is particularly concerning given that 70% of respondents indicated that M&E processes contribute positively to achieving strategic objectives. The disparity between perceptions of M&E processes and their actual effectiveness suggests a critical need for improvement in engagement practices and the overall M&E framework. The study reveals a significant gap in the allocation of human and financial resources for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) activities, with 60% of respondents indicating that such resources are insufficient. Only 25% believe that adequate resources are in place, while 15% remain uncertain. The study further reveals a notable 25% remain neutral, which may indicate uncertainty or a lack of involvement with the M&E processes. The data indicates a strong consensus on the necessity of mainstreaming a formal Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework in future initiatives. A significant majority, totaling 65%, either strongly agree (35%) or agree (30%) with the need for a formal M&E framework.
Archbishop Charles Agyinasare
Small groups are essential focal points for both qualitative and quantitative church growth in many mega Pentecostal and Charismatic churches. Previous studies have examined the use of small groups for administration, growth, and sustainability, but have often focused on programmes, activities, or leader selection rather than on the dynamics of leader–member relationships within these groups. This paper explores the impact of leadership dynamics on the growth and development of home cell groups at Perez Chapel International’s Perez Dome in Accra, Ghana. Drawing on Transformational Leadership, Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) theory, Social Identity Theory, and Team Convergence of Mental Models, the study employs a convergent mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected from 124 home cell participants and 7 regional leaders using a newly developed Home Cell Growth Scale and the LMX-7, complemented by attendance records from 126 home cell groups over a one-year period. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and thematically analysed. Reliability and factor analysis confirmed that the four growth dimensions (numerical, spiritual, welfare, and social) form a coherent and largely unidimensional construct. Results show that LMX is strongly associated with spiritual, social, and welfare growth, and moderately but significantly correlated with net numerical growth. Welfare and social growth emerged as the strongest predictors of actual numerical increase. Qualitative themes highlighted trust, open communication, personal care, community engagement, and the challenge of leadership burnout. The study concludes that highquality leader–member relationships are crucial for spiritual and relational health in home cells and that welfare and social care are key pathways to numerical growth. It recommends intentional support systems, shared leadership structures, and improved data practices to sustain home cell growth while guarding against leadership burnout.
Dandan Zheng, Norliza Ghazali, Norlizah Che Hassan
This study intends to find out the association between senior high school graduates’ SES and their undergraduate students’ program selection and further explore the its impact on medical education system and substantial GP development.
Adewumi, I. A, Ejugwu, J. O., Ochalibe, A. I.
This study investigates the impact of price policy instruments on cocoa exports in Nigeria over the period 1980–2023. The study considered Price policy instruments such as agricultural tariffs, exchange rates, alongside other macroeconomic and environmental variables, including agricultural credit, foreign direct investment (FDI), inflation rates, and climate change (proxied by weather patterns). Data were analyzed using an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression technique. Secondary data were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and international databases, including FAOSTAT. The results indicate that agricultural tariffs and exchange rates have a negative, statistically significant impact on cocoa exports, reducing exports by 0.47% and 0.12%, respectively, for every 1% increase. Conversely, agricultural credit and FDI positively influence exports, increasing them by 0.11% and 0.17% respectively for every 1% increase. Inflation and adverse weather conditions also exert negative effects. The model explains 72.05% of the variation in cocoa exports, and the F-statistic of 15.85 (p < 0.01) confirms the overall statistical significance and reliability of the regression model. These findings underscore the need for policy reforms to reduce agricultural tariffs, stabilize exchange rates, and expand credit access to enhance cocoa export performance. The study recommends targeted subsidies, stable exchange rates, and increased investment in climate-resilient farming practices.
Francis Asare, Vincent Emmanuel Antwi
This study investigates the impact of school socialization through peer interactions, teacher-student relationships, and participation in school activities on social studies academic achievement among 25 grade seven learners at kokote m/a junior high school. using an action research design with pre-test and post-tests, observations, and interviews, results demonstrate significant improvements in social studies scores following targeted socialization interventions. despite the limited sample and intervention duration, findings suggest that school socialization can enhance learner engagement and academic performance. the study recommends implementing sustained peer learning, teacher mentorship, and extracurricular involvement to support better educational outcomes. future research with larger samples and more rigorous analysis is advised to validate these findings.
Asoh-chika Favour Onyinyechii, Owoeye Dayo Victor, Oyinlade Morenike Busayo
Social media has become a powerful platform for civic engagement in Nigeria, providing citizens with tools to challenge injustice, expose corruption, and hold leaders accountable. This paper examines the impact of social media information in addressing social injustice and poor governance in Nigeria, drawing on case studies such as the #EndSARS protests and the #BringBackOurGirls campaign. While these movements demonstrate the transformative potential of digital platforms, the study also highlights the risks posed by misinformation and disinformation, which undermine credibility and polarise civic discourse. Using the lenses of Technological Determinism and Uses and Gratifications theory, this paper examines how Nigerians adopt social media, both as a tool for empowerment and as a channel vulnerable to manipulation. The findings emphasise that social media operates as a double-edged sword: enabling grassroots mobilisation while amplifying false narratives. The paper recommends stronger digital literacy programs, robust fact-checking mechanisms, and inclusive rural engagement to maximise the democratic potential of social media while minimising its threats.
Anukwe, Grace Ifeoma, Edith Chima Anzor, Ihionu Marcellinus Chukwuka
The competitiveness and sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria increasingly depend on their ability to leverage digital technologies for effective customer engagement. This study investigates the role of social media marketing (SMM) in fostering customer engagement (CE) and enhancing outcomes such as satisfaction, loyalty, and advocacy among SMEs in South-East Nigeria. Adopting a quantitative survey design, data were collected from SME operators and customers across the five states in the region to identify key drivers of digital interaction and relationship building. Analytical techniques, including regression and structural equation modeling (SEM), were employed to evaluate the effects of interactive content, influencer partnerships, and responsiveness on CE and customer outcomes. Findings reveal that interactive social media content recorded the highest mean score (4.72), indicating its strong influence on customer satisfaction and loyalty, while responsiveness (4.56) emerged as a significant determinant of customer advocacy. Influencer partnerships (4.21) showed a moderate impact on customer trust and engagement, suggesting that consistent interaction and authenticity play greater roles than celebrity endorsement. The correlation and path analyses confirmed that SMM positively and significantly affects CE, which in turn mediates customer loyalty and advocacy. The study recommends that SMEs invest in creating interactive and personalized digital content, establish responsive feedback systems, and foster online communities that promote long-term engagement. By adopting dynamic and customer-centered social media strategies, SMEs can enhance relationship quality, strengthen digital competitiveness, and sustain performance in Nigeria’s evolving business landscape. These findings provide valuable insights for practitioners, digital marketers, and policymakers committed to supporting SME growth in the digital era.
E.G Shehan Sandaruwan, S.M.I. Jahan
In today's digital age, technology plays an essential role in work practices and employee well-being, especially in dynamic and stressful industries such as the apparel sector. This research examines the impact of new technologies—the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, 3D printing, automation facilities, and big data analytics—on work-life balance (WLB) of female team leaders from selected garment factories in Ampara District, Sri Lanka. Sample size 86 was selected from the population through random sampling. The data was collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS using reliability tests, descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Results showed that IoT, cloud computing, automation facilities, and big data analytics positively and significantly affected work-life balance, whereas 3D printing was the only technology not positively and significantly related in this case. Regression analysis showed that new technologies explained 61.9% of the variance accounted for WLB with IoT being the strongest predictor. In summary, these results highlight the importance of increased use of advanced technologies in the apparel sector which can enhance flexibility, provide support to stress, and enhance well-being. 3D printing cannot negatively affect WLB, however, as the use of 3D printing is not sufficiently utilized in operations. The study is an important contribution to the knowledge gaps regarding technology's contribution to maintaining a work life balance, specifically female workers in Sri Lanka's apparel industry. The study recommends that organizations focus on IoT, cloud computing, automation, big data analytics, and in the future: 3D printing as means of enhancing retention and satisfaction.
Timur Najeeb AhmedZaki
The Industrial Revolution, or the period of rapid industrial growth and social change roughly from the late 18th to the early 19th century, widely influenced the world of English literature. This case study will research the effects that industrialization had on Romantic literature by focusing on the reaction of romantic poets and novelists to the driving forces of their time. Thus, Romantic literature emerges as a reaction against the mechanization and urbanization of the Industrial Revolution-emphasizing themes such as nature, emotion, and individualism as counterpoints to the dehumanizing effects brought about by industrial progress. Key figures include William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Mary Shelley, who used their work to critique industrial society and praise the sublime beauty of the natural world. Representative texts-like Wordsworth's "Lines Written a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey," Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," and Shelley's "Frankenstein"-are analyzed for how these authors grappled with tensions between nature and industry, tradition and innovation, individuality, and conformity. By looking at the interplay between historical context and literary expression, this study will present a nuanced understanding of how the Industrial Revolution shaped the writing of Romantic literature and contributed to broader cultural and intellectual currents at the time.
Farah Aida Ahmad Nadzri, Siti Fatimah, Teddy Hikmat Ahmad Fauzi
The imposition of unilateral tariffs by the United States on various imported products, including those from Indonesia, has significant implications for international trade performance. This protectionist policy reflects the global trend toward neo-protectionism, which is often associated with increasing domestic political pressure and global economic uncertainty. This study aims to analyze the impact of unilateral US tariffs on Indonesian exports by examining changes in export volume, commodity prices, and competitive position in the US market. The methodology used includes quantitative descriptive analysis based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Indonesian Ministry of Trade, and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as strengthening international trade theory such as the gravity model and comparative advantage theory. The analysis shows that the imposition of US tariffs has led to a decline in exports in certain sectors, particularly manufacturing-based products and low-value-added commodities, while simultaneously encouraging export market diversification and strategies to strengthen the added value of domestic products. These findings emphasize the importance of adaptive trade policies through economic diplomacy, expanding non-traditional market access, and utilizing free trade agreements (FTAs) as a mitigation strategy. The implications of this research contribute to the formulation of a more resilient Indonesian foreign trade policy against global protectionist shocks.
Mastura Mahfar, Nursyawalina Sulong
This study aimed to examine the influence of career outcome expectations and career interest (RIASEC) on career readiness among Form Four secondary school students (N = 462) in Johor, Malaysia. A set of questionnaires was utilised as the research instrument, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS 29.0. Reliability analysis confirmed acceptable internal consistency. Descriptive results indicated that most students demonstrated a moderate level of career readiness (68%). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the combination of career outcome expectations and career interest accounted for 29.9% (R² = 0.299) of the variance in students’ career readiness. Career outcome expectations emerged as the strongest predictor (β = .446, p < .05), while Investigative (β = .126, p < .05) and Conventional (β = .109, p < .05) career interests also had significant positive effects. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening school-based career guidance and targeted interventions, while noting that the convenience sampling and cross-sectional design limit the generalizability of the results.
Carolyne Ndunge Mutunga, Dr. Moses K. Njeru, Prof. Anne Sande
Consumption-based food resilience strategies (CBFRS) are commonly employed by households in semi-arid regions to cope with recurrent food shortages. This paper examines the adoption and influence of CBFRS on livelihood outcomes in Makueni County, Kenya. A sample size of 399 rural households was drawn from three sub-counties (Mbooni, Makueni and Kibwezi West) through multistage sampling, comprising stratified, purposive and simple random sampling techniques. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design to meet the research objective. Data was collected through structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and direct observations and analyzed using descriptive and regression analysis. Results showed that households employed variable consumption-oriented strategies to manage food availability and access during times of stress or scarcity. CBFRS such as meal reduction, food substitution, rationing and preservation were practiced, particularly during droughts. The study findings revealed a moderate adoption of CBFRS (M = 3.011) in Makueni County The regression results revealed a statistically significant negative association between the adoption of consumption-based FRS and overall livelihood outcomes (b = -0.269, p < 0.001)), suggesting that CBFRS are largely coping mechanisms rather than proactive resilience measures. While CBFRS provide temporary relief, they compromise nutrition and long-term well-being. Constraints such as water scarcity, financial limitations, and lack of awareness further hinder effective CBFRS adoption are CBFRS are not productive but coping mechanisms amidst food stress; hence, they can erode food system resilience The paper recommends targeted interventions to reduce reliance on CBFRS by enhancing institutional and farm-based strategies.
Hamidah Norman, Maryam Mohd Esa, Noor Azlin Mohd Kasim, Suhailah Ibrahim, Suzana Ab Rahman
This study investigates the influence of digital financial literacy, financial socialization, and financial practices towards household financial well-being among the B40 community in Masjid Tanah, Melaka. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 294 respondents through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results revealed a strong positive relationship between the independent variables and household financial well-being (R = 0.822; R² = 0.675; p < 0.001), indicating that 67.5% of the variance in financial well-being is explained by these predictors. Among the variables, financial practices (β = 0.588, p < 0.001) and digital financial literacy (β = 0.457, p < 0.001) had significant positive effects, while financial socialization (β = 0.020, p > 0.05) showed a weak, insignificant influence. These findings demonstrate that behavioral and cognitive dimensions particularly financial literacy and prudent financial management are central determinants of household financial well-being within low-income contexts. The study highlights the need for targeted digital financial education and family-based financial socialization programs to enhance financial inclusion and promote sustainable financial well-being among Malaysia’s B40 households
Acep Samsudin, Budi Prabowo, Dyah Widowati, Maharani Ikaningtiyas, Mima Kurniasih, Nur Aima Shafie, Siti Ning Farida
Digital transformation in the Society 5.0 era requires organizations to manage human resources (HR) adaptively through the use of technology, one of which is Digital Human Resource (HR) Analytics. HR analytics enables organizations to make data-driven decisions on employee performance, turnover, and development, but its effectiveness is highly dependent on the digital competence of the employees. This study aims to analyze the influence of Digital HR Analytics and digital competence on employee productivity within the context of Indonesian organizations. Using a quantitative approach, the study measures the relationship of these two independent variables on employee productivity through a survey of a number of purposively selected respondents. The findings show that Digital HR Analytics contributes significantly to increasing productivity, consistent with evidence-based decision-making theory, while employees' digital competence is proven to strengthen the utilization of the analysis results. This finding confirms that digital literacy not only involves technical skills but also the ability to adapt, collaborate, and be aware of data security. Theoretically, this study enriches the literature on contemporary public administration and HR management by integrating two important variables that have previously been studied more in isolation. Practically, the results provide recommendations for organizations to invest in HR analytics technology while also enhancing the digital capacity of their employees through continuous training, so that productivity can be optimally increased.
Isthafan Najmi, Nurul Husna, Zulkifli
This study aims to analyze the influence of the use of digital technology and additional employee income on employee performance by using the E-Performance application as a mediation variable in sub-district offices throughout Pidie Regency. The background of this research is based on the problem of low discipline and performance of some employees, even though digital technology support and additional employee income have been provided. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The research population was all employees of the sub-district office in Pidie Regency, with a sample of 200 respondents selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study show that (1) the use of digital technology has a positive and significant effect on employee performance and the use of the E-Performance application, (2) additional employee income has a positive and significant effect on employee performance and the E-Performance application, (3) the E-Performance application has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and (4) the E-Performance application mediates the influence of digital technology and additional employee income on employee performance. This study concludes that the use of technology and incentive policies will be more effective if supported by an objective and integrated application-based performance appraisal system.
Adekanmi Dare OYEDELE, Gabriel FADAIRO, Reuben, P. OMALE
This study investigates the influence of educational facilities on rental values and vacancy rates within the Apo Resettlement Scheme, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. Recognizing education as a fundamental social amenity, the research aims to examine how the proximity, quality, and availability of educational institutions affect residential property dynamics in a rapidly urbanizing resettlement area. Employing a quantitative research approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 150 tenants, landlords, and property managers. Additional data on property locations and educational facilities were verified through site observations and geospatial mapping. Using statistical analyses including Pearson correlation, linear regression, and logistic regression, the study tested three key hypotheses: (1) proximity to educational facilities influences rental values, (2) quality and availability of schools affect vacancy rates, and (3) tenants’ housing preferences are significantly shaped by access to educational facilities. Findings reveal a strong positive correlation between rental values and closeness to schools, with properties nearer to well-equipped educational institutions commanding higher rents. Furthermore, vacancy rates were significantly lower in properties adjacent to quality schools, indicating educational infrastructure’s role in sustaining occupancy. Tenant preferences analysis showed households with school-aged children are more likely to prioritize educational access when selecting rental properties. The study concludes that educational facilities are critical determinants of housing market performance in Apo Resettlement, contributing to increased rental yields, reduced vacancies, and informed tenant choices. These insights underscore the importance of integrating educational infrastructure planning into urban housing development strategies to foster sustainable community growth. The study recommends policymakers, urban planners, and developers prioritize school provision in resettlement schemes and encourages further research into other social amenities influencing housing markets. By bridging gaps in existing literature, this research provides empirical evidence that educational amenities are not merely social services but significant economic drivers in residential real estate, with implications for urban planning and housing policy in Abuja and similar contexts.
Irwan Safwadi, Muhammad Nur, Sulaiman, Zulkifli
This study aims to analyze the influence of green human resource management and green intellectual capital on environmental performance mediated by environmental commitment. Sampling was done using census techniques, with a sample of 115 respondents. Data analysis using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with the help of the SmartPLS program. The results show that green human resource management (p-value 0.016 and T-stat 2.415) and green intellectual capital (p-value 0.000 and T-stat 5.457) have a direct positive and significant influence on environmental performance. Green human resource management (p-value 0.049 and T-stats 1.997) and green intellectual capital (p-value 0.000 and T-stats 6.257) have a very significant influence on environmental commitments. Our indirect analysis found that environmental commitment partially mediated the influence of green human resource management on environmental performance (p-value 0.000 and T-stat 6.845) and environmental commitment partially mediated the influence of green intellectual capital on environmental performance (p-value 0.048 and T-stat 2.132). This result implies that the Education and Culture Office needs to improve the implementation (GHRM) by conducting green recruitment and selection, providing training and development, and cultivating a reward system for employees. Then green intellectual capital needs to be developed by increasing environmental knowledge and increasing environmentally friendly innovation.
Chrispina Lekule, Stephen Kilasi, Zena, K. Ibrahimu
This study aimed to assess the influence of mentorship programmes on teaching quality in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania. The theory which guided this study is Social Constructivist Theory, primarily developed by Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. The study was guided by a mixed research approach with a convergent research design. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were adopted to select the participants of the study from four (4) selected public secondary schools in Iringa Municipality. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, while quantitative data were analyzed by using statistical package for social science (SPSS) 29.0 version. The findings of the study revealed that mentorship programmes influence the teaching quality. Teachers who participated in mentorship activities reported significant improvements in their professional practice. Mentorship was found to enhance lesson planning skills, and contributed to improved teaching effectiveness, particularly by enabling teachers to adopt learner-centered approaches that actively engage students in the learning process. Based on the results obtained in the study, it concluded that mentorship has transformative potential if it is designed and implemented with clear objectives, sufficient resources and accountability mechanisms. Thus, mentorship should be viewed not only as a tool for professional growth but also as a strategic intervention for systemic improvement in teaching quality. Therefore, it is recommended that mentorship will only achieve its full potential if it is backed by strong institutional support, adequate resources and active engagement from all stakeholders. School leaders, policymakers, government authorities and teachers must work collaboratively to strengthen mentorship programmes as a sustainable mechanism for enhancing teaching quality in public secondary schools.
Alhassan Abass Sagoe, Anthony Kwesi Ashun, Francis Kofi Nyankekyi Ashun, Kwaku Kyei Gyamerah
The study examines the influence of portfolio diversification on financial performance: evidence from listed Banks on the Ghana Stock Exchange. The results of this study indicate that the combined impact of the deposit portfolio, the loan portfolio, and the investment portfolio on the financial performance of the banks quoted on the Ghana Stock Exchange is statistically insignificant. Used a descriptive correlational research design and analyzed secondary data of financial statements published during eleven years (2012-2021) through solid statistical methods, including fixed effects and random effects models, together with the Hausman test, which underlines the reliability of these results. The results indicate that the highest deposit levels can harm both the performance of the ROA and the ROE, while increased loan levels have a positive influence on these metrics. On the contrary, investments do not significantly affect ROA, but have a remarkable negative impact on ROE. The study strongly recommends that the management teams of selected banks take proactive measures to ensure that the diversification of their loan portfolios is considered a wise and strategic decision. This approach is not only beneficial; It has the potential to produce a positive and significant impact on its general financial performance.
Francis F Lyimo, Nicholaus Kemba Francis, Patrick Masanja
Despite the recognized importance of crop insurance as a strategy for managing agricultural risks, its adoption among smallholder farmers in Tanzania remains remarkably low. In Magu District, for instance, only about 7.8% of farmers participate in crop insurance programs despite facing recurrent threats such as droughts, floods, and pest infestations. This study explored the influence of social relationships and community dynamics on crop insurance adoption among smallholder farmers in Magu District, Mwanza, Tanzania. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study focuses on the lived experiences of twelve farmers selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, analyzed thematically to understand socio-cultural barriers influencing crop insurance uptake. The findings reveal that farming decisions are heavily influenced by consultation networks, where farmers seek advice from peers and community leaders. Despite the reliance on these social structures, skepticism towards crop insurance prevails, largely due to inconsistent messaging from community leaders and the perpetuation of negative narratives within social circles. Notably, social pressures, particularly from women and older generations, discourage individuals from exploring insurance options, framing it as unnecessary or exploitative. The study underscores that the credibility of community intermediaries and the cultural context significantly shape farmers' perceptions and acceptance of crop insurance. Recommendations emphasize enhancing community engagement through consistent communication, education initiatives, and leveraging peer testimonials to foster trust and mitigate skepticism. Overall, the study highlights the complexity of social dynamics in agricultural decision-making, suggesting that effective strategies for promoting crop insurance must address these collective influences to improve adoption rates among smallholder farmers.
C.J. Kothalawala, MHM Hakmal
Teaching English to multilingual students whose first language is Sinhala or Tamil has reshaped the understanding of English language learning as a socially situated and multilingual process in the Sri Lankan context. Employing a qualitative reflective approach, this study examined the influence of five sociolinguistic principles: 1) code-switching, 2) language and identity, 3) gender and social class, 4) attitudes toward linguistic prestige and 5) community and cultural context, on the classroom practices of English language learning of forty undergraduates at a faculty of technology in a Sri Lankan university. The findings show that allowing the students to switch between their first language and English aids comprehension, supports learning, and values multilingualism. Translanguaging tasks such as brainstorming in the students’ native language before expressing ideas in English supported recognition of the students’ identities, build confidence, and highlighted the need for teacher sensitivity to language and identity. Group activities with shared leadership and mixed-gender participation encouraged equal involvement, boosted the female students’ confidence, and challenged the gendered communication patterns. Recognizing Sri Lankan English and prioritizing intelligibility over native-like accents helped the students view English as a shared resource, enhancing participation. Incorporating local cultural practices, such as community-relevant speech topics, made learning meaningful and connected to the students’ experiences. The study implies that English language teachers should foster inclusive and socially responsive classrooms by encouraging controlled code-switching and translanguaging, ensuring equal participation, and valuing local English varieties. They should also emphasize communicative clarity over accent and use culturally relevant materials to support students’ identities and linguistic strengths.
Ariesta Heksarini, Djoko Setyadi, Wahyu
This study investigates the influence of transformational leadership and intrinsic motivation on employee performance at the Archives and Library Agency of Kutai Kartanegara Regency, with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. The objectives are to analyze the direct effects of transformational leadership and intrinsic motivation on performance and job satisfaction, examine the mediating role of job satisfaction, and provide recommendations for enhancing public service productivity. A quantitative approach was adopted, employing a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from 150 employees using a structured questionnaire adapted from validated scales for transformational leadership, intrinsic motivation, job satisfaction, and performance. Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) was utilized to test the relationships. Results reveal that transformational leadership (β = 0.312, p = 0.000) and intrinsic motivation (β = 0.278, p = 0.000) significantly and positively affect performance, while also positively influencing job satisfaction (transformational leadership: β = 0.345, p = 0.000; intrinsic motivation: β = 0.289, p = 0.000). Job satisfaction significantly enhances performance (β = 0.367, p = 0.000) and partially mediates the relationships between transformational leadership and performance (β = 0.178, p = 0.002) and intrinsic motivation and performance (β = 0.162, p = 0.005). The model accounts for 64.2% of the variance in performance and 59.8% in job satisfaction, indicating robust explanatory power. These findings imply that effective leadership and motivation amplify performance through heightened job satisfaction. Institutions should implement transformational leadership training and task alignment programs to bolster employee well-being and efficiency in public archives and literacy services. This research enriches the literature on public sector management in developing regions and offers actionable insights for improving employee outcomes.
Loo Yew Liang, Zhang Tianyi
The rapid globalization of the new-style tea beverage industry has brought growing academic and practical interest in the overseas expansion of Chinese brands. Mixue has gained remarkable success in Malaysia by offering affordable products and standardized operations. However, in a market characterized by ethnic and cultural diversity, success depends not only on price competitiveness but also on consumers’ evaluations of value perception, product diversity, and cultural adaptability. This study focuses on Mixue’s Malaysian market to examine how perceived value, product diversity, and localization adaptation influence consumers’ purchase intention, aiming to identify the key factors shaping consumer decision-making in cross-cultural contexts. A quantitative research design was adopted, using a structured questionnaire distributed to Malaysian consumers who had previously purchased Mixue products. A total of 250 questionnaires were issued, including 40 pilot surveys and 210 valid responses for final analysis. The five-point Likert-scale questionnaire measured four main constructs: perceived value, product diversity, localization adaptation, and purchase intention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 through reliability, validity, correlation, and multiple regression tests. The results showed Cronbach’s α coefficients above 0.77 for all variables and a KMO value of 0.879, indicating strong internal consistency and validity. Findings revealed that perceived value, product diversity, and localization adaptation each have significant positive effects on purchase intention, with perceived value exerting the greatest impact. These results suggest that consumers’ purchase decisions are driven by an integrated perception of costeffectiveness, product richness, and cultural relevance. The study extends the application of the theory of planned behavior and perceived value theory to the cross-cultural consumer context and provides practical insights for Chinese tea brands. To achieve sustainable international growth, brands should balance standardization with localized innovation and cultural sensitivity to strengthen consumer connection and market competitiveness.
Aevan Justinn A. Galario, Evelyn A. Vicente, Gladys S. Escarlos
This article presents a systematic review of Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and its influential role in shaping leadership behaviors and decision-making within organizational contexts. The review synthesizes current literature, emphasizing SCT’s core constructs reciprocal determinism, self-efficacy, observational learning, and outcome expectations as key mechanisms through which leaders learn, model, and adapt their actions in dynamic workplace environments. Using structured methodology, the analysis demonstrates that effective leaders foster ethical culture, resilience, and collaborative decision-making by leveraging personal belief systems and environmental feedback. Findings highlight the reciprocal relationship between individual cognition, social modeling, and organizational culture, showing that leadership practices are continuously refined through social learning processes. Overall, the article affirms the relevance of SCT, providing practical and theoretical guidance for cultivating adaptive, ethical, and effective leadership in contemporary settings.
Abd Ghafar Don, Azim Rahim, Zulkefli Aini
Islamic da‘wah is a universal trust that aims to invite humanity towards devotion to Allah SWT through diverse and wise approaches. The da‘i (preacher) is an individual entrusted with the responsibility of conveying the message of Islam with correct understanding and the ability to lead society, particularly the Orang Asli community. The question arises as to what competency constructs are required for a da‘i to effectively assume a leadership role among the Orang Asli. In this regard, the present study aims to identify the forms of leadership competencies that need to be instilled among da‘wah practitioners working with the Orang Asli in Malaysia. This study employs a qualitative approach using a content analysis design of previous studies, journal articles, and scholarly works related to the subject. Data were thematically analyzed according to the objectives of the study. The findings indicate that the integration of da‘i competencies should encompass knowledge, personal preparedness, diverse skills, and attitudes. The implications of this study suggest that comprehensive mastery of competencies not only strengthens da‘wah leadership among the Orang Asli but also has the potential to establish an inclusive model of da‘wah leadership that can be applied to other minority communities in Malaysia.
Gio Elao, Jaira Mae Dahao, Mekaela Marie L. Jimera, Nathalie Mae Tomopong, Sheryl Mae O. Tinhay
The purpose of this study is to analyze the interdependence of online customer reviews and customer perception of product reliability, aiming to provide valuable insights into how specific review factors influence consumer trust in digital marketplaces. By examining this relationship, the research seeks to help businesses and platforms like Shopee optimize review systems to enhance customer confidence and decision-making. This research employed quantitative, descriptive, and correlational research design. Data were gathered from 138 online customers in Poblacion Impasugong, Bukidnon, who had purchased products via the Shopee app. Participants completed validated questionnaires assessing key review attributes: accuracy, completeness, timeliness, quantity, consistency, and credibility. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to summarize review levels and Spearman's rho correlation to evaluate the relationships between these attributes and perceptions of product reliability. Findings revealed a very high level of online customer reviews across all measured factors, indicating strong overall quality. There were significant positive correlations between review attributes and customer perception of product reliability, underscoring the important role of timely and credible reviews in fostering consumer trust. These results align with prior studies and offer practical insights for online customers navigating digital marketplaces, potentially guiding e-commerce strategies to build reliability and satisfaction. Future research could explore longitudinal effects or cross-platform comparisons to further validate these findings
Kate Aiyenigba
Child abuse remains one of the most widespread human rights violations worldwide, with serious effects on social stability and peacebuilding. In Nigeria, legal advocacy groups play a vital role in bridging the gap between statutory protections and community realities. This study explores the role of the International Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA) in reducing child abuse and fostering peacebuilding in Rivers State, Nigeria. Guided by theories such as Structural Functionalism, Systems Theory, Legal Pluralism, and the Human Rights-Based Approach, the study uses a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews. A census of FIDA members in Rivers State was conducted using structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis. Results show that FIDA’s activities go beyond litigation to include legal aid, community sensitization, policy advocacy, and peacebuilding efforts. However, these efforts are challenged by funding shortages, weak institutional coordination, judicial delays, and cultural practices that weaken formal legal processes. The study concludes that legal activism is crucial in protecting children’s rights and strengthening community cohesion. Policy recommendations include specific actions such as improved inter-agency coordination led by the Ministry of Justice, increased funding from government and donors, engagement with traditional leaders, judicial reforms, and integrating legal activism into peacebuilding strategies. This research adds to the growing understanding of socio-legal responses to child abuse in plural legal systems and provides practical insights for practitioners and policymakers.
Christopher Kabwe Mukuka, Frank Barden Chirwa
This study critically examines the intersection of theology and gender equality within the Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Church in Malawi and Zambia. It highlights the disjunction between the church's theological affirmations of gender equality, rooted in the biblical narrative of the Imago Dei, and the lived experiences of women who face cultural subordination, violence, and marginalization. The research employs qualitative interviews and document analysis to explore theological foundations, cultural practices, and contemporary challenges. Key findings reveal the persistent gender injustices and the urgent need for the SDA Church to align its teachings with the realities of its members. The study offers specific actionable recommendations, including the establishment of leadership training programs for women and the implementation of educational initiatives that promote gender equality and challenge harmful cultural practices. Ultimately, it calls for a transformative approach that integrates theological reflection with practical action, positioning the SDA Church as a proactive agent for gender justice and empowerment in African society.
Muhammad Hariz bin Mohammad Hafiz
The research examines how language functions as a performative tool in professional wrestling by analysing a WWE promo between Cody Rhodes and Roman Reigns using Searle’s (1969) Speech Act Theory. The research had two main objectives: (1) to identify the types of speech acts used by both wrestlers, and (2) to compare the frequency of the speech acts used by each. A qualitative content analysis approach was used, and the promo was transcribed and categorised into Searle’s five types of speech acts. The results revealed that both wrestlers used four speech act types which were assertive, directive, expressive, and commissive and declarative speech act was absent. Cody Rhodes, as the face, relied more on assertive and expressive acts that reflected humility and respect, whereas Roman Reigns, as the heel, used more directives and insults to show authority and dominance. These findings suggest that professional wrestling promos use speech acts not only for entertainment but also to construct moral contrast and narrative tension between characters.
Dr. Mario Desean Booker
When Flint switched its water source in April 2014, residents immediately complained about foul smelling, discolored water. Officials dismissed these concerns for eighteen months while over 100,000 people consumed lead-contaminated drinking water. Could AI early warning systems have prevented this disaster? This question matters because cities across America face similar infrastructure crises. Using sociological analysis combined with technical assessment, I examine whether predictive surveillance technologies could have detected Flint's water contamination before it poisoned an entire community. The technical capabilities exist. Sensor networks can monitor water quality continuously. Machine learning algorithms excel at pattern recognition. Health surveillance systems can identify disease clusters within days rather than months. But here's the problem: Flint's crisis wasn't caused by lack of information. Emergency managers ignored mounting evidence because austerity politics prioritized cost savings over public health. Community complaints were dismissed as "anecdotal." Regulatory agencies operated under corporate influence. Environmental racism shaped which populations were deemed expendable. My analysis reveals that technical solutions alone cannot address structural inequalities. AI systems risk reproducing the same power dynamics that created the crisis. Without community control and democratic governance, algorithmic early warning systems become sophisticated tools for maintaining existing hierarchies rather than protecting vulnerable populations. The implications extend far beyond Flint to questions of environmental justice and technological governance in an era of increasing surveillance.
Muhammad Farhan Abu Kassim, Noor Azam Sofian Mohd Sofi, Nuramalina Azman, Putri Aisyah Zahirah Zakriya, Syuhaeda Aeni Mat Ali
Malaysia is leading the global Islamic banking and finance industry with a proper and well-designed legal and regulatory framework for Islamic financial institutions in the area of Ibra’ (rebate). In addition, Islamic co-operatives are among the providers of some form of Islamic financial service similar to Islamic financial institutions. An Islamic co-operative conducts activities and business based on Shariah principles. Being a non-banking financial institution, the legal and regulatory framework of Ibra’ for Islamic financial institutions does not apply to Islamic co-operatives. Islamic co-operatives instead have their own legal and regulatory framework of Ibra’ to address the issue. This article embarks on the qualitative and doctrinal approaches involving library-based research because it reflects the sources that the article analyses and the comparative approach as it compares the legal and regulatory framework of Ibra’ that is applicable to Islamic financial institutions and Islamic co-operatives. The current legal framework of Ibra’ indicates that it is applicable in cases of early settlement. It is noteworthy that nearly all of the SKM Guidelines’ content reflects that of the BNM Guidelines, but with specific changes to accommodate the co-operative sector’s comparatively lenient and adaptable characteristics. Despite efforts to rectify the shortcomings in the SKM Guidelines, they remain imperfect. By emphasising the shortcomings of the SKM Guidelines, regulators can proactively address the issues, and recommendations are proposed to address the limitations.
Glenne Berja Lagura, Marie Joy Rabusa Morala
This qualitative, phenomenological study intended to understand and explore the exact lived experiences of Filipino women immigrants in Denmark with the general aim of exploring their challenges, managing strategies, and the social and personal transformations involved in their mitigation in Denmark. The study administered key informant interviews with ten Filipino migrant women in Denmark, who shared about their personal experiences and challenges in migrating to Denmark, coping mechanisms employed in migrating, as well as the lessons and insights they gained through their migration to Denmark. Its data showed that the research participants had a lot of challenges which included language barriers, emotional struggles, and cultural disconnections due to a transition to their new environment. Despite these struggles, the participants still exhibited adaptive coping mechanisms such as creating social network supports, launching work and personal routines, as well as drawing strengths through spirituality, self-discipline, and family ambitions. Study revealed lessons about the importance of preparations before their migration, thus, concluded their migration is not about physical relocation but a more informativeness physical and emotional struggle. The effects extended to educators, policymakers, and provisional organizations by highlighting the need for more programs that are gender-sensitive in nature, culturally- sensitive systems for support, and initiatives to empower the respondents which are the migrant women. Therefore, this research study contributes to the broader discourse on gendered migration and offers insights that may inform both policy and practice.
John Mark B. Lazaro, June Enrick L. Villanueva, Mc Rence B. Pableo, Renniel L. Maturan
Organic food consumption involved opting for foods that prevented the utilization of synthetic pesticides, as well as fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics, and growth hormones. This study focused on the eating habits and food literacy regarding organic food consumption among students. The respondents of this study were 353 college students who commonly consumed organic foods and utilized mediation analysis. This study used a stratified random sampling technique. The statistical tools used in this study were Mean, Pearson R, and Path Analysis. A modified adapted survey questionnaire collected information from the respondents through content validity. The study's findings demonstrated that eating habits, food literacy, and organic food consumption had a descriptive level of high. Furthermore, the three variables showed a substantial interconnected pattern in the data analysis. Additionally, it indicated a noteworthy partial mediation of eating habits on the connection between food literacy and organic food consumption among college students. The findings implied that eating habits had a favorable impact on food literacy and that better knowledge of organic food consumption resulted in more sustainable and ethical food choices, creating a supportive environment for general well-being.
Rochmat Widodo, Siti Maria, Tetra Hidayati
Purpose: This study investigates the mediating role of affective commitment in the relationship between communication, achievement motivation, and employee performance in a professional inspection and certification service company in Balikpapan, Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research design was developed using a survey method. Data were collected from 127 employees and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. Measurement and structural models were assessed to examine reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and hypothesis testing through bootstrapping. Findings The results demonstrated that communication and achievement motivation have significantly positive effects on employee performance. Affective commitment was confirmed to be a mediator that enhanced the influence of communication and achievement motivation on performance. The model showed adequate measurement validity and reliability, with R² values indicating moderate-to-strong explanatory power. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature by extending social exchange theory and organizational commitment theory, highlighting affective commitment as a critical psychological mechanism that links communication and achievement motivation to performance. Practical implications The findings emphasize the importance of strengthening internal communication, fostering achievement-oriented motivation, and reinforcing affective commitment to enhance employee performance in professional service organizations.
Amanina Abdul Razak, Bazrina Ramly, Mimi Mazlina Mohamad, Nur Afiqah Ab Latif, Wan Syariza Wan Yadri
The study aims at finding the effectiveness of Islamic songs in enhancing English vocabulary acquisition and improving attitudes toward English learning among kindergarten children. The researchers applied a quantitative design study. The sample consisted of 40 learners aged 5 to 6 from an Islamic kindergarten who participated in a pre-test and post-test survey. The intervention incorporated English Islamic songs designed with repetitive, meaningful, and culturally relevant lyrics. Paired-samples t-test results indicated a significant improvement in vocabulary acquisition. The Marginal Homogeneity Test further showed significant positive shifts in students’ attitudes, motivation, and reduced anxiety toward learning English. These findings support key principles from Krashen’s Input Hypothesis, Vygotsky’s Social Constructivism, and Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory, demonstrating that Islamic songs provide comprehensible input, emotional comfort, and increased engagement. The study highlights the pedagogical value of culturally grounded musical instruction in early English language education and suggests implications for future research.
Izzah Nur Aida Zur Raffar, Muhamad Hasif Yahaya, Nurin Sofiya Mohamad Nadzli
E-wallets, QR payments, and online banking, among other cashless payment technologies, are transforming the financial sector, which is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). However, there is low penetration of cashless payment adoption among Malaysians compared to other nations. The cashless system has more benefits, but not all customers or businesses want to use it, and some may find it hard to stop using cash. Thus, the objective of this concept is to propose a conceptual model that includes the elements that led Malaysians to embrace a cashless payment system. The Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) and the 7Ps of the Islamic Marketing Mix have been applied in this study. The proposed conceptual model in this study could play a fundamental role in enhancing economic development in Malaysia, particularly regarding cashless payment systems, and therefore provides opportunities for further empirical research.
Christopher Kabwe Mukuka, Frank Barden Chirwa
This paper explores the moral and theological imperative of distributive justice as a basis for equitable government support to faith-based universities in Malawi and Zambia. Despite their significant contributions to national development, private religious institutions-including Seventh-day Adventist (SDA), Reformed Church of Zambia (RCZ), Church of Central African Presbyterian (CCAP), Baptist, Catholic, and Islamic universities, remain largely excluded from government financial assistance, even though their students, faculty, and guardians contribute taxes that sustain public systems. Drawing on John Rawls’s theory of distributive justice and Christian ethical principles, the study contends that government support for non-profit faith-based higher education is both a moral obligation and a recognition of human rights. Empirical evidence from Malawi and Zambia indicates that these institutions consistently produce highly employable graduates and complement government efforts in expanding access to quality education. The paper argues that equitable resource allocation would not only enhance sustainability across all higher education institutions but also promote justice, fairness, and the common good as enshrined in the constitutions of both countries. The findings carry particular implications for SDA and other faith-based universities, highlighting their indispensable role in shaping ethical, skilled, and socially responsible citizens. This study combines theological ethics and moral philosophy with emerging empirical data-such as enrollment patterns, funding disparities, and graduate employability-to substantiate its argument. It draws upon Rawlsian fairness, Christian ethics, and African communitarian principles to propose an inclusive distributive justice framework for higher education policy reform. (NCHE, 2023; Ministry of Education, 2022). It draws upon Rawlsian fairness (Rawls, 1971), Christian ethics (Tillich, 1954), and African communitarian principles such as Ubuntu (Mbiti, 1969; Shutte, 2001) to propose an inclusive distributive justice framework for higher education policy reform.
Isaac Atta Nsiah
This study examines the relationship between internally generated revenue (IGR) and physical infrastructure development in a Ghanaian local government district, the Wassa Amenfi West Municipality. Using a mixed method research design, the study combined quantitative and qualitative data to assess how local revenue mobilization supports development at the district level. A total of 96 respondents, comprising taxpayers, revenue collectors, and municipal official, were selected using the Yamane (1973) formula, ensuring representation of key stakeholder groups. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression were applied to determine the relationship between IGR and physical development, and to identify factors influencing taxpayers’ willingness to pay. The results revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship (r = 0.488, p < 0.05) between IGR and physical infrastructure, indicating that increases in internally generated funds contribute to improvements in local development projects. However, a large portion of IGR was expended on recurrent costs, limiting funds available for capital investment. The binary logistic regression showed that gender significantly influenced willingness to pay taxes (p = 0.001), with female taxpayers more likely to comply than males. Other factors—education, income, and marital status—were positive but statistically insignificant. The study concludes that while IGF remains an essential tool for local development financing, its effectiveness is undermined by structural inefficiencies in expenditure management and limited taxpayer engagement. It recommends diversifying revenue sources, enhancing fiscal management efficiency, and implementing gender sensitive and participatory tax education programs to strengthen local fiscal autonomy and improve sustainable infrastructure delivery.
Francis Samwel Mwilafi
This paper explores the opportunities to fill the demands of the contemporary futuristic school in the context of a developing nation. Qualitative approaches were used to collect data that answered a primary research question; “What are the opportunities available for strengthening the management system of private secondary schools in Iringa Region, Tanzania?”. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from school managers, head teachers, teachers, and parents that were purposefully selected, while focus group discussions were administered to students in private secondary schools. The findings indicated that among the several opportunities available, strategic geographic location of a school, and creation of better learning space and time, are key to enrolling an adequate number of students, and enable the teachers and learners to do better in a teaching and learning process. School management systems performance depended on the user-fees; therefore, high enrolment rates were related to fiscal power for survival and sustainability of private schools. While the school community support offers school capacity to implement the education curriculum, differentiated supervision of teachers assures the expected school academic achievements. Nonetheless, good country policies favoring private players investing in secondary education services, and availability of higher learning institutions to absorb adequate number of secondary school graduates offer an advantage to investors in the private secondary school sector. The findings have also indicated that adequacy of the school supplies and capacity to remunerate teachers depends on the number of students enrolled in a school year. Some recommendations are suggested for practices and further research.
Dr Vinnaras Nithyanantham, Sanjana D. Rampersand-Totaram
The Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector in Mauritius is undergoing a transformative shift driven by the integration of digital tools into teaching and learning. Using a qualitative conceptual synthesis approach, the study draws on global and local evidence to examine how digital tools reshape teaching and learning in Mauritian TVET. This study employs the metaphor of “overtone” to conceptualize how digitalization enriches and amplifies pedagogical practice, institutional culture, and societal outcomes within TVET. Drawing on global literature, African regional perspectives, Mauritian policy documents, and local institutional case studies (Polytechnics Mauritius and MITD), this article synthesizes evidence to identify both opportunities and challenges in digital transformation. The findings indicate that digital tools enhance learner engagement, flexibility, inclusivity, and alignment with industry requirements, while persistent barriers exist in infrastructure, teacher digital competence, and sustainability. The study contributes to academic discourse by offering a framework for inclusive, resilient, and industry-responsive digital TVET in Mauritius, with implications for policy, practice, and future research (Adams & Brown, 2021; Choy & Dell, 2020; Euler, 2013).
Aizel Elumbaring Gujelde
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic placed the Philippine National Police (PNP) frontliners at the forefront of crisis response, compelling them to enforce stringent public health measures and community restrictions to curb the spread of infection. As vital agents in implementing executive and local government orders, PNP personnel were instrumental in maintaining order and ensuring compliance amid widespread uncertainty and fear. This study employed a qualitative research design to explore the lived experiences of PNP frontliners during the pandemic, capturing both the commendable and challenging dimensions of their service. Findings revealed six major themes reflecting their positive experiences: Unwavering and Non-stop Service, Constant Resilience, Maximum Tolerance, Family Orientation, Strengthened Faith in God, and Incentive Benefits. These themes illuminate the officers’ deep sense of duty, moral fortitude, and emotional endurance, driven by familial support, spiritual grounding, and institutional recognition. Conversely, three significant challenges emerged: Resistant Traveler Bottleneck, Legal Interpretation Dilemma, and Family Needs Predicament. These obstacles underscore the operational and ethical complexities inherent in law enforcement during a public health emergency, particularly concerning policy enforcement ambiguities, public resistance, and personal sacrifices. Despite these adversities, PNP frontliners demonstrated unwavering commitment and adaptability, ensuring public safety while navigating immense personal and professional pressures. The study underscores the resilience and moral courage of law enforcers in times of crisis, emphasizing the necessity for enhanced institutional support, clearer policy frameworks, and psychosocial interventions to better equip them for future emergencies.
Abdul Khalid Mahdi, Mohamad Ibrani Shahrimin Adam Assim, Siti Nur Rohani Hasbie
The phenomenon of workplace withdrawal referring to employees’ tendency to detach themselves physically, emotionally, and cognitively from their work duties during working hours has increasingly drawn attention within the context of human resource management in Malaysia’s public sector. This study aims to understand the phenomenon from a developmental psychological perspective, focusing on the relationship between psychological well-being, personal responsibility, and individual developmental dynamics within the workplace environment. Through a conceptual-empirical approach, this study proposes that workplace withdrawal is not merely a result of stress or job dissatisfaction but also a manifestation of an imbalance in adult psychological development processes, such as self-immaturity, lack of work meaning, and poor emotional regulation. The proposed model integrates Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, Deci and Ryan’s (2000) Self-Determination Theory, and Seligman’s (2011) PERMA Model of Workplace Well-being to explain the interaction between basic psychological needs and the balance of individual development. Conceptual analysis and simulated findings indicate that low psychological well-being and weak personal responsibility are the primary predictors of workplace withdrawal. The study recommends developmental psychology-based interventions at the workplace, such as self-awareness programs, psychological coaching, and continuous self-development initiatives. The findings are expected to strengthen human resource management strategies in fostering healthier and more productive organizations.
Farrelli Hambulo, Gladys Matandiko, Inonge Milupi
This article addresses the often-overlooked philosophical foundations of the teaching and learning process by offering a comparative analysis of two influential pedagogical philosophies: John Dewey’s pragmatism and Paulo Freire’s critical theory. While much of the contemporary discourse on education focuses on practical methodologies and measurable outcomes, this paper argues that deliberate philosophical understanding is essential for effective and ethical pedagogy. The central thesis is that although both Dewey and Freire champion a student-centered approach, their differing philosophical underpinnings - one rooted in democratic experience and the other in the deconstruction of power - lead to distinct conceptions of the teacher’s role, the nature of knowledge, and the ultimate purpose of schooling. The analysis first examines Dewey’s pragmatist vision, where learning is framed as the continuous reconstruction of experience, and the teacher acts as a guide facilitating problem-solving for the development of democratic citizens. It then analyzes Freire’s critical theory, which treats education as a political act and a tool for liberation. In this framework, the teacher serves as a co-investigator, and knowledge is co-created through dialogue and conscientization to challenge oppressive structures. The paper then compares these perspectives across three domains: the role of the teacher, the nature of knowledge, and the goals of education. Findings show that while Dewey seeks to improve democratic practice from within, Freire aims to transform and liberate society from oppressive conditions. The paper concludes that philosophical self-awareness is a practical necessity for educators, enabling deliberate, informed, and ethically grounded choices in the classroom.
Abdullah Al Tufayel Al Ahmed, Ahamad Ali, Sanjida Afroze
This study deals with the civil society, good governance and people’s responsive to the government. Civil society is an organization that is not affiliated to any political party and always works for the welfare of the people. Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) are important in promoting good governance in Bangladesh by increasing transparency, accountability, and citizen participation. The background of civil society in Bangladesh is not very old. Various levels of civil society participation can be observed in different contexts and programs in post-independence. This research has analyzed the activities of civil society in Bangladesh, it’s current status, and what challenges civil society faces in establishing good governance, and way forward to deal with these challenges. This study also shows how the state of society can be improved by taking various measures at the government level. Also analyzing case studies, interviews and secondary data, the research highlights how CSOs advocate for policy reforms, monitor government actions and empower marginalized populations to voice their concerns. The research findings emphasize the need for stronger collaboration among CSOs, government agencies, NGO’s and international partners to create an enabling environment for sustainable governance. The study concludes that the empowerment of civil society is essential to develop democratic principles, ensure accountability and achieve inclusive development in Bangladesh.
Deliana Deliana, Mohd Faizal Jamaludin, Nor Balkish Zakaria, Rizki Syahputra, Roshidah Safeei
This study examines how directors’ network structures influence corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance. Drawing upon social network analysis, four centrality measures—degree, eigenvector, closeness, and betweenness—are employed to capture the social capital embedded within board interconnections. The analysis focuses on the 100 largest publicly listed companies in Malaysia for the year 2022, comprising a network of 1,012 unique directors. The findings reveal that network centrality enhances the diffusion of strategic information and resources, enabling companies to respond to stakeholder expectations more effectively and to improve ESG performance. However, excessive direct connections may lead to information redundancy and governance inefficiency, suggesting that the quality of network ties is as important as their quantity. The study is limited by its cross-sectional design and geographical focus, which may constrain causal inference and generalizability. Future research should consider longitudinal or multi-country approaches to provide deeper insights. Practically, the results underscore the importance for companies and regulators to design board structures that balance interconnectedness with diversity, ensuring optimal information flow and oversight. The study contributes to corporate governance literature by integrating Social Network Theory with Resource Dependency and Stakeholder perspectives, offering a comprehensive understanding of how directors’ relational positions can both facilitate and constrain sustainable governance practices.
Dr Reuben Cheruiyot Lang’at
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) remains a key goal in Kenya's national health agenda. With the introduction of the Social Health Authority (SHA) under the Social Health Insurance Act, 2023, there is an urgent need to develop evidence-driven strategies to ensure sustainability and equity in health service delivery. This paper explores how data analytics can be effectively leveraged by SHA to optimize provider management, beneficiary targeting, claims processing, and policy formulation. It proposes a framework for integrating advanced analytics into SHA operations to enhance transparency, efficiency, and long-term sustainability of UHC.
Ndoubangar Tompté
In earlier times, Chad, a French-speaking country, cooperated with multinational oil companies, leading to growing demand for English as a business communication medium. For English learners in Chad, both oral and written translation are essential for obtaining better job opportunities with oil companies. French-English translation is included in the secondary school curriculum in Chad. Although there are no professional training institutions, educators have proactively trained English learners in translation to help bridge communication gaps through local translation services. This study examines the types of errors that occur in French–English translation practice at the high school and university levels in Chad. Data were collected from the scripts of 240 high school and university students from the University of Doba. The scripts were analyzed using Nida and Taber’s (1969) formal/dynamic equivalence framework. The results highlight the complexity of French–English translation at the academic level, which is largely influenced by lexical and grammatical errors originating from the source text (ST) register, as well as variations in the participants’ translations. The findings also reveal an unfavorable sociolinguistic environment and inadequate foundational training for EFL learners, both of which negatively impact the practice of French–English translation in Chad. These findings significantly contribute to understanding how error fossilization leads to deviations from Standard English, ultimately resulting in the emergence of New Englishes. The results underscore the need for education policymakers in Chad to develop more robust and specialized training programs to ensure that English–French translators from Chad remain competitive in the translation industry, despite the growing challenge posed by machine translation, which increasingly threatens to replace certain aspects of human translation.
Abigael Opeyemi Oluwalusi
This study examines how inclusive organizational cultures influence employee retention through the psychology of belonging, using MTN Nigeria as a case study. Drawing on industrial/organizational psychology, the research applies theories such as Social Identity Theory, Self-Determination Theory, Organizational Commitment, Leader–Member Exchange, and Job Embeddedness. A descriptive survey design was used with 120 staff across MTN departments in Lagos and Abuja. Data collection included structured questionnaires measuring perceived inclusion, belonging, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Findings show that inclusivity strengthens psychological belonging, which in turn predicts retention through higher job embeddedness and affective commitment. However, barriers such as implicit bias, weak psychological safety, and inconsistent policy application were identified. The study recommends institutionalizing inclusive leadership training, developing a diversity climate index, and embedding belonging measures into HR dashboards to sustain workforce stability.
Sami Abdulkarim Alnazzawi
This research aims to highlight the relationship between Arabic language skills and multiple intelligences in teaching the Prophet’s Biography, by analyzing the integrative relationship between learners’ linguistic, mental, and emotional aspects. The research adopts the descriptive-analytical method by surveying educational and psychological studies that addressed Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences and linking it to the four core Arabic language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The study concludes that activating multiple intelligences in teaching the Prophet’s Biography contributes to enhancing Arabic language skills among non-native speakers and makes learning the Biography deeper and more interactive. The research also recommends the integration of multiple-intelligence-based teaching strategies into programs for teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, so that the Prophet’s Biography becomes a practical and integrated axis that combines linguistic knowledge and Islamic values.
James Tsetsim, Okebe Ajima, Paul Aidi
This study examined the relationships between Guided Discovery Method (GDM) components and knowledge retention among Electrical Installation students in Benue State. The research objectives were to explore the associations between teacher guidance and scaffolding, problem-solving activities, and collaborative learning with students’ knowledge retention. A correlational survey design was employed with 323 valid responses from Electrical Installation students across technical schools in Makurdi Metropolis. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from validated scales, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.91 to 0.94, indicating high internal consistency. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses. The results revealed significant positive correlations between all three GDM components and knowledge retention: teacher guidance and scaffolding (r = .691, p < .01), problem-solving activities (r = .688, p < .01), and collaborative learning (r = .678, p < .01). Multiple regression analysis produced an R value of 0.701 and an adjusted R² of 0.485, indicating that these variables jointly accounted for 48.5% of the variance in students' knowledge retention scores. However, the high inter-correlations among predictors (e.g., r = .989 between teacher guidance and problem-solving) indicate multicollinearity, suggesting that the GDM components likely measure closely related aspects of the same instructional construct. Therefore, the results should be interpreted as the combined influence of GDM rather than distinct effects of each component. The study concludes that GDM components show strong positive relationships with knowledge retention measures. It recommends that technical education teachers adopt GDM as an integrated pedagogical approach. Future research should employ longitudinal or experimental designs with pre-tests and delayed post-tests to establish causation and measure actual long-term knowledge retention.
Caroline Muthoni Njeru, Clifford Machogu, Dennis Otieno, Richard Juma
IFGs across the globe and especially in developing countries have struggled to maintain financial sustainability. This could be attributed to overreliance on single stream of income causing inadequate cash flow and liquidity problems. Under-diversification and adverse investment decisions further worsen the problem. Theoretically, income diversification enhances performance by decreasing volatility in uncertain economic conditions. The underlying assumption is that prudent diversification strategy eliminates risks. However, empirical evidence reveals conflicting findings on the relationship between diversification and performance suggesting that diversification alone is inadequate. This study evaluated the relationship between interactive diversification and financial sustainability of informal financial groups (IFGs) in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. The study targeted 60 non-rotating IFGs with 806 members registered with the County Department of Social Services Kirinyaga County. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire and responses corroborated with key informant interviews. The data was analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics using STATA software. Specifically, descriptive statistics included measures of central tendency and dispersion while inferential statistics drew from correlation and multiple linear regressions. The study established an insignificant inverse relationship between diversification and financial sustainability. However, on interaction diversification had a significant relationship with financial sustainability. While the interaction with financial training had a significant positive effect (β= .0991, p= 0.000), interacting with fiscal management yielded a significant negative effect (β= -.0557, p= 0.000). In conclusion, financial sustainability is enhanced by the interactions between diversification & financial literacy training while strengthening the interactions between diversification & fiscal management through contingency planning, regular review of strategy, cash flow management, and appropriate budgetary allocations.
Quyen Thi Ngoc Nguyen
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed deep structural and psychological challenges in higher education, demanding leadership approaches that balance empathy with institutional resilience. This study explores how trauma-informed leadership mitigates resistance to change in Vietnam’s post-pandemic universities. Using qualitative data from three institutions, it examines how principles of safety, trust, empowerment, and cultural sensitivity shaped adaptation processes. Findings show that trauma-informed leadership reduced resistance by fostering psychological safety, transparent communication, and shared ownership of change. Leaders localized trauma-informed practices to align with Vietnamese collectivist and hierarchical values, reframing empathy and care as collective responsibilities. Despite resource limitations, these approaches strengthened engagement and resilience across university communities. The study extends the global literature by demonstrating trauma-informed leadership’s adaptability beyond Western contexts, highlighting its reliance on contextual sensitivity, emotional intelligence, and consistent communication to transform crisis recovery into sustainable organizational learning.
James L. Paglinawan, Randy M. Magsalos
This study explores the relationship between instructional innovation and digital expertise among teachers assigned in marginalized schools. The study was conducted in Don Carlos III District, Don Carlos, Bukidnon with 263 teachers. The instruments patterned to the existing researches and were used with permission. We focused on four key areas of instructional innovation: technology integration in instruction, pedagogical adaptability, creative content delivery, and the collaborative instructional practices. Digital expertise was examined through measures of digital tool proficiency, instructional design using technology, and digital communication and collaboration. The findings revealed that teachers Highly Practiced instructional innovation in all four aspects. Also, teachers exhibit “High Digital Expertise” in three aspects. The correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship with instructional innovation and digital expertise of tenured teachers assigned in marginalized schools. It implies that teachers who practice instructional innovation tend to exhibit better digital tool proficiency, instructional design using technology, and digital communication and collaboration more effectively. A sustained professional development program is recommended that puts emphasis on both instructional innovation and digital competency of tenured teachers in marginalized setting. Collaboration is also encouraged in order to observe and adapt the best practices of other teachers in enhancing learner outcomes.
Hope Herbert Nkhoma
Self-report measures are a common tool in clinical psychology for understanding a person’s mental health symptoms and deciding on treatment plans. But people often wonder how reliable these measures really are, especially when used in different healthcare settings. This particular study took a closer look at the reliability of some frequently used self-report measures. The researcher gathered information from 60 participants who were visiting outpatient mental health clinics in Malawi. These participants filled out standard measures about depression, anxiety, and stress, and then did the same set of questionnaires again two weeks later to see if their answers stayed consistent (this is called test-retest reliability). The researcher also checked how well the questions within each questionnaire went together (internal consistency) using a measure called Cronbach’s alpha, and looked at the stability of the results over time using something called intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). The results showed that the questionnaires were quite consistent internally across all of them (alpha scores were between .82 and .91). However, the consistency over the two weeks varied depending on what was being measured. The anxiety measures seemed to be the least stable (ICC = .68). When the researcher talked to the clinicians involved, discovered that there were often noticeable differences between what the self-report questionnaires suggested and the clinicians own professional opinions, particularly for clients with lower levels of literacy or those dealing with cultural stigma around mental health. These results highlight how important it is to adapt assessments based on the specific context and to include other types of evaluations, like those done by clinicians, to make diagnoses more accurate. The study goes on to discuss what these findings mean for how clinicians work and for developing better assessment tools in the future.
Shakir Frahan Yaseen
This paper offers an in-depth political analysis of the rhetoric and the speech of Mohammad Najib Abdul Razak, the 6th and Prime Minister of Malaysia, between 2010 and 2015. Utilizing a qualitative cross-sectional exploratory design within a theory developed by Halliday and Hasan, this study analyzes the political narratives of Najib as performative texts. The focus of this analysis is to determine the political words and rhetorical strategies Najib used in the ethnically diverse and politically complicated Malaysia. The analysis points to a major, bipolar concentration in Najib’s rhetoric. It consisted in the ‘modern’ projection of the audience and the ‘diverse’, ‘multilingual’ communicator and the simultaneous, counter ‘Malay dominance/backlash’ discourse. His political discourse annexes massive audiences. This study also focuses on Najib’s boundaries on ‘we’ as ‘kita’, which is ‘inclusive’ analogy in disengagements, disproportionate and contradictory arguments on ethno-national justifiable simplification of argumentative strategies. It reflects the ideology which is covered by political discourse in Malaysia and the dominance in the geopolitics of the region. Finally, this text analyzes how Najib’s rhetoric how state translation and the media as Surrogates of Najib’s rhetorical and institutional control. In the end, the author suggests that Najib's rhetoric was highly crafted political technology that, instead of solving, kept a lid on the basic tensions of the Malaysian society. His eventual political demise, then, is to be taken as marking not the defeat of this rhetorical model, but rather the most profound fracture of the fragile balance that model was intended to preserve. This dissertation offers a new perspective on the intersection of political linguistics and Malaysian Studies by demonstrating how, in a critical period of the country’s history, language was deployed as a key instrument of power.
Arpah Abu Bakar, Irfan Nabhani, Mokhamad Anwar, Mulyaningsih, Sharifah Norzehan Syed Yusuf
This study investigates the role and impact of Islamic microfinance on the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) in Garut, Indonesia. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines a survey of 50 MSME beneficiaries with in-depth interviews involving Islamic microfinance institutions (BMTs, BPRS) and BAZNAS Garut officers. The findings reveal that 64% of MSMEs experienced increased business revenue, 48% expanded assets, and 36% created new employment opportunities after receiving Islamic financing. Most respondents reported high satisfaction with Sharia-compliant contracts, citing religious alignment, transparency, and ethical values as core advantages. Qualitative insights show that Islamic microfinance institutions foster strong trust among clients due to their community-based and faith-driven operations. However, the study also identifies challenges, including low financial literacy, misperceptions of Sharia contracts, limited post-financing support, and institutional constraints. Government Zakat Institution in Garut provides role in distributing productive zakat has shown promising results in supporting women-led groups and ultra-micro entrepreneurs, though sustainability mechanisms remain underdeveloped. This research contributes to the literature on financial inclusion and Islamic economic empowerment, offering practical recommendations to enhance the effectiveness and long-term impact of Islamic microfinance in rural areas.
Mohammad Nurhafiz Hassim, Nur Nasliza Arina Mohamad Nasir
In the contemporary landscape of politics, social media functions as the primary venue of engagement. The algorithms of artificial intelligence (AI) systems curate political discourse, target advertising, moderate discussions, and place generative media within social media feeds at marginal costs approaching zero. However, the engagement-optimized closed systems distort content, create environments for unaccountable microtargeting, spread misinformation, erode trust in the political system, and undermine the legitimacy of elections. This research seeks to explain how AI on social media structures exposure, interpretation, and perceived legitimacy of political discourse, and identifies interventions that retain benefits while reducing harms. The analysis is based on secondary data situated in Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Sciences from 2020 to 2025. This study builds on peer-reviewed research articles as the foundation for assessing the AI-political communication functions, strategies and AI technology. Six functions of AI systems were articulated: algorithmic curation and ranking, political ad targeting and delivery optimization, automated moderation and labeling, cross-cutting design choices, context dependence, and generative AI synthetic and synthetic political content. In this context, the benefits of AI in political communication include improved relevance, accessibility, safety, and efficiency of political campaigns, while the harms involve narrowed cross-cutting exposure, high-arousal polarization, opaque segmented persuasion, uneven enforcement, and synthetic media that undermines integrity.
Denilah Pauline C, Julliyan Dilleban A., Kamala devi M, Thenraja Sankar, Venkateshan Narayanan
Artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support systems (AI-CDSS) are emerging tools leveraging machine learning and healthcare data to aid pharmacists in managing clinical complexity. They offer real-time insights for identifying high-risk prescriptions, preventing drug interactions, and aiming to improve patient outcomes. While the strength of AI-CDSS lies in data-driven support, human-centered design focusing on trust and usability is crucial for adoption. Applications of AI-CDSS extend to patient care (e.g., disease prediction, medication adherence) and pharmacy practice, including prioritizing prescription reviews (e.g., Lumio Medication) and early detection of cognitive impairment. Although AI-CDSS shows potential in optimizing pharmacy workflows and identifying drug-related issues, direct evidence of improved patient outcomes within the pharmacy remains limited. Implementation faces challenges like technical constraints and workflow misalignment. This paper synthesizes current research, highlighting the potential of AI-CDSS to transform pharmacy practice while acknowledging the need for further investigation into their impact on patient outcomes and the practical barriers to their widespread use.
Amizatulhawa Mat Sani, Foo Jit Siang
Blockchain is a cutting-edge distributed ledger technology that allows trading online without a centralised authority. Blockchain is the most likely technology to be used in the upcoming technological transformation affecting the industry. Numerous sectors, such as the real estate industry, require new technology to increase market efficiency, safety, and transparency, as transaction amounts can be substantial. This study employs a quantitative research method to investigate the role of blockchain technology in the Malaysian real estate market, focusing on the relationship between the independent variable of blockchain technology adoption in the real estate market. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework guided the study. An exhaustive literature review has been conducted to address the research questions and objectives outlined in the thesis. Additionally, a survey questionnaire was developed to gather information from the target segment of real estate negotiators, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26.0. The survey questionnaire had collected 281 respondents using a non-probability sampling method from real estate negotiators in Malaysia. A pilot test was conducted to evaluate the research model and determine Cronbach's Alpha values above the recommended threshold of 0.60, indicating excellent reliability of the constructs. One study finding is that real estate negotiators will likely use blockchain technology to alter the market. Fundamentally, it is for this reason that additional study on the topic and technological advancements are necessary for a successful application in the Malaysian real estate market.
Mohd. Tarmizi Samat, Noraini Abdol Raop, Norli Yusuf, Siti Nazurulaina Haji Aripin
The phenomenon of burnout is increasingly concerning among staff at institutions of higher learning, particularly in private universities operating within high-pressure and competitive work environments. Burnout refers to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment resulting from chronic and prolonged work-related stress. This article provides a comprehensive examination of coping strategies as psychosocial mechanisms for managing and preventing burnout symptoms. Grounded in the coping theory by Lazarus and Folkman (1984), the discussion centers on three primary dimensions of coping strategies: psychological, communicative, and spiritual aspects. Supported by empirical findings, the article highlights how problem-focused strategies, open and empathetic communication, and the application of positive spiritual practices can enhance psychological resilience, emotional well-being, and social support among employees. Furthermore, the article proposes a holistic and systematic approach to workplace burnout management that emphasizes both individual agency and organizational responsibility. This study aims to serve as a foundation for the development of intervention modules and future research across various professional sectors to strengthen mental resilience in the post-pandemic era.
Phidelia Serwaah
This paper examines how external actors shape civil society and human rights protection in post conflict Africa through financial, normative, and coercive mechanisms. Using a qualitative synthesis of scholarly literature, policy documents, and institutional reports, the study develops a hybrid constructivist dependency framework that integrates ideational and structural perspectives to explain the paradox of empowerment and dependency in external engagement. The analysis covers key post conflict cases including Rwanda, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The findings show that international assistance strengthens governance and promotes rights awareness but also reproduces aid dependency, politicizes justice, and narrows civic space through conditionality and securitized aid. Civil society organizations demonstrate resilience by localizing global norms and reinterpreting them through indigenous practices and community legitimacy. The paper concludes that sustainable post conflict reconstruction requires transforming external assistance into equitable partnership that prioritizes local ownership, long term capacity building, and regional collaboration. By combining constructivist and dependency insights, this study contributes to understanding how global and local forces shape Africa’s evolving human rights architecture and provides policy guidance for aligning international engagement with locally driven democratic renewal.
Joel Adetokunbo, Olakunle Sobowale, Oluwasola Dada
The swift emergence of financial technology (FinTech) has changed the way people and the community receive and use financial services, especially in low-income and underserved areas. The paper is an analysis of how digital banking, mobile payment, and blockchain-based systems can support financial inclusion and equity. It discusses the contribution of these technological changes to wider access to credit, lower transaction costs as well as, inclusive economic growth. The study data is based on a descriptive-correlational research design, which combines secondary data gathered by international financial databases and available existing empirical studies to evaluate how the use of FinTech affects the accessibility of credit and reduction of poverty. Results indicate that mobile payment systems and online banking are greatly contributing to access to affordable financial services, particularly on marginalized groups. In addition, blockchain technologies increase the transparency and trust related to financial operations and make it possible to engage more people in formal financial systems. The paper highlights regulatory frameworks, digital infrastructure and financial literacy as key to the optimal use of FinTech. It concludes that a high rate of strategic adoption of FinTech can hasten the process of achieving inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction, which are in line with worldwide sustainability objectives.
Normaizura binti Mat Rom, Nurul Nadia binti Ansar Ahmad Khan
Effective communication is a cornerstone of safe and efficient maritime operations, especially in the context of multinational crews working in dynamic and often high-pressure environments. Maritime English, as the standardised language used onboard ships, plays a pivotal role in fostering both teamwork and collaboration among seafarers. This study explores the impact of Maritime English proficiency on teamwork and collaboration among Malaysian seafarers. Through a mixed-methods approach that integrates survey data and semi-structured interviews, the research examines how Maritime English proficiency influences interpersonal communication, task coordination, and team cohesion in multicultural maritime settings. The findings reveal that higher levels of Maritime English proficiency directly contribute to more effective collaboration, particularly during critical operations and emergency scenarios where clarity and precision in communication are crucial. In contrast, language barriers often impede team coordination and may compromise operational safety. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on language proficiency in maritime settings, providing valuable insights into the role of Maritime English in team dynamics and safety. By focusing on Malaysian seafarers, the study offers context-specific insights into the linguistic and cultural dimensions of teamwork at sea. These insights carry important implications for maritime education and training institutions, underscoring the need for specialised language training that prepares seafarers to operate confidently and cooperatively in diverse, multilingual environments.
Godfrey Tsvuura, Never Katsamudanga, Reason Gobvu
This study focuses on the role of records management in enhancing compliance and operational efficiency in Real Estate Management Companies in Zimbabwe. Records management is very important in the real estate industry to effectively manage their records for compliance and operational efficiency. However, records management in real estate management is not taken seriously resulting in missing vital records, thereby jeopardizing the whole operations. The study focuses on how records management helps real estate companies follow the law and work more efficiently. The study employed a triangulation research method, using questionnaires with both open and closed questions, interviews, cognizance institution discussions and documentary evaluation along with purposive sampling technique where 50 participants with the knowledge of records management and real estate management were chosen to participate in the study. Data was collected through interviews, focus groups, and document reviews of policies and was analysed in themes that emerged from the data collection process. The major finding was that real estate has basic ideas about records management but lacked the professional records management standards and best practices. This resulted in the mismanagement of records in real estate. The study recommends that real estate industry employ qualified records management practitioners to manage real estate records.
Juhaini binti Jabar, Murzidah binti Ahmad Murad, Victor Nipis
Although entrepreneurship has been prioritized in the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (RMK-12) and the National TVET Policy, current practices remain largely theoretical and offer limited opportunities for experiential learning. In addressing this gap, the study employs a Design and Development Research (DDR) approach which focusing on the module’s initial design phase. Grounded in experiential learning theory, the design process will incorporate needs analysis, literature review, and expert consultation to ensure contextual relevance and pedagogical consistency. The module also integrates interactive simulation-based activities aimed at strengthening entrepreneurial self-efficacy, decision-making, and business acumen. The first phase is known as module’s conceptualization and structure. Subsequently, the phases will involve systematic validation and evaluation. The study contributes to entrepreneurship education by presenting a replicable design framework and delivering a practical, student-centred simulation tool tailored for TVET institutions.
Jason Lambert Samallo, Sunarti
For tourism to grow in a way that is good for the environment, it is important to understand what makes tourists happy, especially in emerging adventure tourism destinations like camping grounds. This study examines how attractions, accessibility, and amenities affect tourist satisfaction at Bedengan Camping Ground in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, using the established 3A tourism development framework. We employed a quantitative explanatory research methodology with 119 tourists selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using validated questionnaires with established reliability (Cronbach's α > 0.7 for all constructs) and analyzed using descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, and F-tests. Results revealed that attractions had a significant positive effect on tourist satisfaction (β = 0.855, p < 0.001), as did amenities (β = 0.426, p = 0.002). However, accessibility did not significantly influence tourist satisfaction (β = 0.102, p = 0.281), which contradicts conventional tourism theory but aligns with adventure tourism literature where moderate access challenges may enhance rather than diminish the experience. The combined effect of all three variables was significant (F = 64.547, p < 0.001), explaining 62.5% of the variance in tourist satisfaction. This study contributes to tourism literature by demonstrating context-dependent relationships within the 3A framework, particularly in adventure tourism settings where traditional accessibility assumptions may not apply. The findings suggest that destination managers should prioritize natural attraction preservation and amenity development while recognizing that accessibility improvements may serve market expansion rather than satisfaction enhancement purposes.
Allenton D. Allen, C Nathaniel Willie II, Queenetta D. Johnson
This study employs a fixed-effects panel regression model with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors to analyze the relationship between agricultural export performance and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators across 45 African nations from 2000 to 2022. Export performance is measured through the per capita value of agricultural exports and a Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) of export product concentration, while controlling for GDP per capita, institutional quality, and population dynamics. The empirical results reveal statistically significant yet dualistic associations. A 1% increase in agricultural exports per capita is associated with a 1.25 percentage point reduction in poverty (p<0.05) and a 0.89 percentage point increase in annual GDP growth (p<0.01), suggesting a positive link to SDGs 1 and 8. However, this export growth is also correlated with a 0.83 point increase in the Gini coefficient (p<0.05), a 2.15% rise in agricultural CO₂ emissions (p<0.01), and a 1.98 percentage point loss in forest cover (p<0.01), highlighting severe trade-offs for SDGs 10, 13, and 15. Furthermore, a one-unit increase in export concentration (HHI) is associated with a 2.18 percentage point increase in poverty and a 1.12 percentage point decrease in forest area (p<0.05). The findings indicate that the scale and composition effects of export expansion dominate, overwhelming any potential technique effect from economic gains. We conclude that while agricultural exports are a significant correlate of macroeconomic growth in Africa, their benefits are not automatically inclusive or sustainable. The results robustly indicate that export diversification and strong institutions are critical mitigating factors against these trade-offs. Policy must therefore pivot from promoting raw commodity volume to strategically fostering value-added, diversified, and sustainably certified export sectors to align trade with the holistic 2030 Agenda.
Cheng Kong Chee, Fatimah Yusooff, Siti Fatimah Md Shariff
Beyond verbal exchanges, nursing communication frequently needs to address patients’ emotional and psychological needs, which calls for empathy and emotional sensitivity. To improve patient care and results, therapeutic relationships and nursing communication are encouraged. Through the alignment of self-awareness, emotional expression, and genuine interaction, the Satir Model can improve nurses’ capacity to emotionally connect with patients.
Muhammad Haqim Hussin Bin Mohd Roslan
Organ failure is incurable; once an organ is damaged, nothing can be done to reverse the process. Without new organ substitutions, patients have to go through a painful death, as the failure of an organ to operate in the human body leads to various illnesses. Furthermore, the number of patients who need organ transplants is mounting year by year. Although over 30 years have passed since its first organ transplant, the total number of transplants conducted in Malaysia is still disappointingly low. This paper is essential to prove a strong basis concerning the ruling of organ donation or transplant in Islam by reviewing its acceptability through the principle of Maqāṣid Sharīʿah. This paper is qualitative, and the data collection process is done through content analysis. The data sources are the collections of data from the holy Quran, Sunnah, Islamic legal maxims, classical books (turāth), contemporary legal books, article journals, and other document references. Thus, this study seeks to determine the permissibility of organ donation and transplant to another person according to Maqāṣid Sharīʿah.
Khairun Nisa Mustaffa, Muhammad Fairus Hussain, Mustaffa Halabi Azahari
Silat, a traditional martial art deeply rooted in Malay heritage, is more than just a form of self-defense, it embodies values, rituals, philosophies, and community identity. Recognised by UNESCO in 2019 as part of Malaysia’s intangible cultural heritage, Silat faces a significant challenge: declining interest among the younger generation. This literature review investigates the cultural and social importance of Silat among Malaysian youth by synthesizing past studies, theoretical perspectives, and revitalization efforts. Drawing from cultural identity theory and social constructivism, the review explores how Silat serves as a medium of cultural transmission, self-expression, and identity formation. It also highlights barriers such as modernization, urban lifestyle changes, and competing global influences that contribute to the marginalization of traditional practices. Despite these challenges, various stakeholders—including educational institutions, cultural agencies, and digital influencers—have begun initiatives to revive youth interest in Silat. This paper concludes that preserving Silat requires an integrative approach that aligns cultural heritage with youth relevance in the 21st century, ensuring that this treasured tradition continues to thrive across generations.
SHUAIBU Abdulwaheed
Language is an important tool that builds social codes and forms perceptions of gender. In this research, we consider the existence of gendered language in the Hausa and Yoruba language in terms of pronouns, occupational names, kinship terms and social terms. Being a Chadic language, Hausa has direct gender differences, in which pronouns shi (he) and ita (she) are used, as well as gendered terms of respect, like Alhaji and Hajiya, which solidify patriarchal social frameworks. Male domination is even perpetuated by proverbs and folklore. On the other hand, Yoruba, a south western Nigerian Kwa language has neuter pronouns like oun or o (he/she) and inclusive terms of occupation and kinship, which promote linguistic and social equality. With the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and Social Constructionist Theory of Gender serving as the context, the researcher demonstrated that Hausa language does retain rigid gender roles, but Yoruba does not. It comes up with the conclusion that language forms affect educational practices, policy-making and media representation. The paper proposes gender-sensitive reforms in language, inclusive education, and equal media coverage as the appropriate measures to ensure equality in gender-language societies. Future researches may investigate the dialectal differences and social classes in order to have a more insight into the language influence in shaping gender identities and behaviors.
Ahmad Afif Qawein Ahmad Mustaqim, Ajlali Rasyidah Anuar, Amelia Masran, Batrisya Khairulazhar, Nicholase Nimrod Kadap Anak Francis Teron Kadap, Nurul Jannah Mustafa Khan, Siti Norzulaifa Zili, Zuhaira Nadiah Zulkipli
This research critically examines the adequacy of the legal framework in Malaysia in addressing workplace bullying among junior doctors and draws comparative insights from the United Kingdom's legal and institutional measures. Bullying in medical settings, particularly during early career stages, has emerged as a serious concern with detrimental effects on mental health, job satisfaction, professional development, and patient care. Despite growing awareness, underreporting, fear of retaliation, and hierarchical power dynamics continue to hinder effective prevention and resolution in Malaysia. Through an in-depth literature review, analysis of statutory and subsidiary legislation, and a comparative study of healthcare governance structures, the research finds that Malaysia's existing legal instruments, such as the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, Employment Act 1955, Code of Professional Conduct 2019 and Good Medical Practice 2019 offer only indirect protections and lack specificity, enforcement, and healthcare-centric orientation. In contrast, the United Kingdom adopts a multi-tiered strategy integrating the Equality Act 2010, Protection from Harassment Act 1997, Worker Protection (Amendment of Equality Act 2010) Act 2023, Freedom to Speak Up Policy, Institutional Safeguards, and Professional Codes of Conduct enforced by the General Medical Council. These mechanisms promote a culture of transparency, protect whistle-blowers, and hold leadership accountable. The research concludes that Malaysia requires a comprehensive policy overhaul, including the enactment of specific anti-bullying legislation, the establishment of independent reporting mechanisms, mandatory training for senior doctors, and cultural reform within healthcare institutions. By drawing on the UK's best practices while adapting to local contexts, Malaysia can create a safer, more supportive working environment for junior doctors, ultimately improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.
Aimi Nabila Anizaim, Nur Farah Liyana Suhaimi
Visual effects (VFX) are used extensively in modern entertainment, including films, television shows, ads, and digital media. This research investigates the different types and techniques in visual effects used in animated films. Previous studies have identified a need for more information explicitly focusing on applying some techniques within visual effects. The study intends to fill a knowledge gap by emphasizing strategies in visual effects kinds, particularly in the animated film area. The research objectives are to identify the types and techniques of visual effects and their application in an animated film. Thus, the discussion and findings will be established at the end to conclude the research questions and objectives. This research uses qualitative methods by gathering and analysing data from various sources. The findings show that multiple techniques have been utilized in any animated film to achieve the desired visualization. The research provides important insights into VFX techniques and their application through case studies and references to earlier scholarly works, catering to animation practitioners and students seeking an understanding of VFX workflows.
Rusni Mohamad
Al-kāfūr is a botanical term mentioned in Arabic literature, particularly in Jahiliyyah poetry, the Qur'an, and hadith. Studies related to the term have been conducted extensively, involving various Islamic literary sources, but they do not refer to Arab-Islamic maritime and trade records. However, Arab merchants and sailors were the group that directly witnessed the distribution of the plant and recorded it clearly in their records as early as the 3rd century Hijri. Therefore, this study will analyse the hadiths related to al-kāfūr in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī and Muslim by examining its distribution based on Arab maritime and trade works to identify the distribution of this plant. Data from these sources is compared with historical facts to verify its authenticity. This study is a fully qualitative analysis using library methods to collect data and applying content analysis methods to analyse the collected data. The results of the study found that there are five names of regions associated with al-kāfūr by traders, namely Bālūṣ, Fanṣūr, al-Rāmī, al-Ramnī, Lamūrī, Lambrī, and Tiyūmah, which are the original regions of al-kāfūr according to the Arabs, located in the Malay Archipelago
Adhanawati Abd Rapa, Ijlal Saja, Wan Mohd Hamdi Bin Wan Nordin@Wan Ghazali
Mastering speaking skills in Arabic is a major challenge among students in Malaysia, as traditional teaching approaches emphasize grammar and translation more than oral communication. This study evaluates the impact of using ChatGPT AI Audio in enhancing students’ speaking skills through interactive conversation practice, pronunciation correction, and grammar feedback. A total of 60 public university students were selected as respondents, using a mixed-methods design involving quantitative questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and written reflections. Descriptive analysis showed a high level of acceptance with an overall mean score of 4.12, while the speaking confidence item recorded the highest average (M=4.35). Thematic analysis identified five main themes: increased confidence, phonetic awareness, technical constraints, cultural sensitivity, and dependence on AI. The findings indicate that ChatGPT AI Audio can serve as an effective support tool to enhance students’ confidence, fluency, and phonetic awareness, although it remains limited by digital infrastructure issues and cultural understanding constraints. This study recommends the gradual integration of AI into Arabic language pedagogy as a complement to traditional methods.
Mario Ríos Mayorga, M.Sc
Objective: This systematic conceptual review critically examines the prevailing narrow definition of Web Positioning in digital marketing literature and proposes an integrated, multi-channel framework. It argues that reducing Web Positioning solely to Search Engine Optimization (SEO) limits strategic effectiveness in the contemporary digital landscape. Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in convergence theory applied to digital marketing, integrating perspectives from search engine marketing, social media strategy, content marketing, and user experience design. Method: A systematic conceptual analysis was conducted, reviewing foundational texts, empirical studies, and professional literature from 2005-2023, complemented by 18 years of professional implementation experience. Results: Analysis reveals approximately 85-90% of sources equate Web Positioning with SEO, while only 10-15% adopt a comprehensive perspective. The proposed integrated framework identifies ten interdependent components that collectively drive digital visibility and performance. Conclusions: Web Positioning must be reconceptualized as a holistic digital marketing system. Academic consensus on this expanded definition is essential for developing effective strategies that align with contemporary multi-channel user behavior and platform algorithms.
Benard J. Rajwais, Isabella C. Mapelu, Laban K. Rotich
This theoretical review explores how six foundational theories, Stakeholder Theory, Resource-Based View (RBV), Triple Bottom Line (TBL), Institutional Theory, Systems Theory, and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), can be integrated to guide the development of sustainable cultural tourism in the Mount Kenya region. The paper critically analyzes how these theories illuminate the relationships among cultural tourism opportunities, development, challenges, AI adoption, and socio-economic outcomes. By applying a multi-theory approach, the review demonstrates how strategic resource utilization, inclusive stakeholder engagement, supportive institutions, and emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) can collectively enhance community-based tourism and cultural heritage preservation. The study presents an integrated conceptual model linking independent, mediating, and dependent variables, offering a coherent theoretical foundation for empirical inquiry and policy design. Findings suggest that theory-driven, AI-enabled cultural tourism can promote equitable development, digital inclusion, and long-term sustainability in heritage-rich regions like Mount Kenya. The review concludes by highlighting the implications for research, practice, and policy, particularly in designing culturally sensitive, technology-driven tourism interventions.
Ameira Iwanina Eirwan, Fairul Azni Jafar, Farizan Md Nor, Nor Hidayah Arsyad, Nurul Azma Zakaria
Excessive patient waiting time remains a critical issue in Malaysian government hospitals, leading to reduced healthcare efficiency, overcrowding, and decreased patient satisfaction. This study presents a theoretical review of existing literature and frameworks addressing waiting time reduction through facility planning, service design, Lean principles, and resource optimization. The review highlights that long waiting times stem from systemic inefficiencies including poor spatial layouts, inadequate scheduling systems, outdated administrative procedures, and insufficient staffing. Using a systematic literature review method across Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science databases, a total of 45 relevant studies were analyzed. Findings reveal that strategic service redesign, efficient facility layout, and the adoption of Lean methodologies significantly improve patient flow and operational performance. Concepts such as Patient Flow Engineering, Casemix Index (CMI) application, and integrated facilities planning emerged as effective approaches for addressing service bottlenecks without requiring major capital investment. The review also emphasizes the interdependence between facility layout, process design, and scheduling systems, suggesting that improvements in one area must align with the others to achieve sustainable outcomes. Moreover, digital integration—such as electronic health records and data-driven decision-making tools—further enhances coordination and reduces administrative delays. The study concludes that a multidisciplinary approach combining Lean thinking, facilities optimization, and technology adoption is essential to reduce waiting times and improve healthcare delivery efficiency. These findings contribute to a conceptual framework that can guide future empirical studies and policy reforms aimed at enhancing the operational performance of Malaysian government hospitals.
Kalaluka Namukolo, Penda Annie
This study focused on theory and practice of inclusive education for learners with dyscalculia. The main objectives of this study were, to establish how theory of inclusive education is being practiced when teaching learners with dyscalculia in selected school in Monze district, to come up with ways that would effectively enhance theory and practice of inclusive education to learners with dyscalculia in two selected schools of Monze district. The study was conducted at a selected school in Monze district because the school was an inclusive school. This study used a case study research design and data was collected using qualitative approach and methods. The study had a sample size of 19 respondents with the following distribution: 9 teachers, 6 pupils, and 4 administrators as these were expected to be suitable with the required data for the study. Thus, the instrument for data collection included the focused group interview guide for learners with dyscalculia, observation checklist for teachers teaching learners with dyscalculia, unstructured interview guide for administrators. The study used deductive thematic data analysis. The study discovered that theory and practice of inclusive education was not considered and practiced when teaching learners with dyscalculia in an inclusive setup because learners with dyscalculia were taught using teacher centered methods, books were not marked always, teachers just talked while learners listened, teachers concentrated much on learners without dyscalculia. The study unveiled that in order to enhance theory and practice of inclusive education for learners with dyscalculia, teachers have to teach using learner centered approach, one on one method, use of remedial work and give learners with dyscalculia conducive learning environment.
Dr. Bisong Maurilio Nkendor, Prof. Galega Samgena Daiga
The sea has maintained its pivotality to international trade over the decades, serving as the primary conduit for international transportation of goods. This has in turn catalyzed the economic ascendance of both coastal and landlocked States. Empirical evidence reveals that over 90% of Cameroon’s total exports and a substantial proportion of its imports are facilitated through maritime transportation. Concomitantly, the significance of maritime navigation has precipitated a proliferation of illicit activities offshore such as piracy, armed robbery at sea, terrorism, the transportation of contraband cargo, illegal fishing and environmental pollution. These challenges have engendered a considerable threat to navigational safety within Cameroonian waters and the Gulf of Guinea, necessitating an examination of the extant legal frameworks and remedies provided by international, regional and national instruments, as well as the progress made in mitigating these threats. The overarching objective of this endeavor is to augment maritime security governance and environmental stewardship within the jurisdictional waters of Cameroon and the Gulf of Guinea, thereby fostering a secure and sustainable maritime environment. This study adopts the doctrinal research methodology to achieve its objectives.
Mayssa Ben Ali
The contemporary global order stands at a crossroads. Rapid technological change, environmental degradation, shifting alliances, and power realignments have transformed the nature of international relations. The world is witnessing a reconfiguration of political, economic, and security structures that defined the post–Cold War period. The rise of new powers, the resurgence of nationalism, and the weakening of multilateral institutions are reshaping global governance in ways that challenge both theory and practice.
Donna Ikranova Febrina, Eley Suzana Kasim, Mukti Diapepin, Naufal Raid, Yenni Jufri, Yull Hartono
The Oldtown of Padang is one of various potential historical tourist attractions, which is located on the edge of the West Coast of Sumatra. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the old city of Padang has been deserted by visitors. Since 2022 until now, the government of Padang city has opened the visitors to the oldtown tourist attraction. It is hoped being able to motivate potential tourists to visit Padang. The purpose of this study is to analyze the forms of Dutch Colonial heritage and cultural diversity that exist in the oldtown of Padang, as well as to find motivating factors for tourists to visit traces of the past in the oldtown of Padang. This study uses a qualitative-quantitative approach, with a SWOT analysis of tourist motivation in visiting the tourist attraction of Padang oldtown. The results of this study indicate that tourist motivation to visit the oldtown of Padang is influenced by internal and external factors regarding existing tourism products, both related to tourist attractions and supporting factors.
Abdul Majeed Ahmad, Azlin Azman, Hafizah Besar Sa’aid, Himmatul Kholidah, Tika Widiastuti
This study synthesizes equity- and accessibility-oriented approaches to digital teaching in Malaysian higher education and proposes a qualitative design to validate and extend the synthesis. The objectives are to (i) map persistent challenges limiting equitable participation in digital learning, (ii) consolidate practical strategies currently used by institutions and lecturers, and (iii) outline future directions that align with national policy (RMK-12, MyDIGITAL, and the Digital Education Policy). A narrative review of recent scholarship (2020–2025) and sector reports was conducted and organized into four domains—Technical, Pedagogical, Engagement, and Assessment & Feedback. The proposed empirical component comprises two purposively sampled focus groups with experienced lecturers using a semi-structured protocol; transcripts will be analysed through reflexive thematic analysis with double-coding to enhance coherence. The synthesis highlights recurring technical constraints (unstable internet, device shortages, digital divide), limited digital-pedagogy capacity and uneven UDL adoption, online isolation and low social presence, and assessment pressures linked to academic integrity and low-personalization feedback. Cross-cutting, evidence-informed strategies include low-bandwidth and offline contingencies, device-loan schemes and IT helpdesks, continuous professional development with mentoring, inclusive course design, interactive LMS with peer projects and breakout rooms, and formative/peer assessment with multimodal feedback. Future directions prioritize centres of excellence for teaching and learning, AI-enabled teaching assistants and adaptive/personalised learning within robust governance, institution-wide accessibility responsibilities and universal standards, predictive analytics for timely support, and QA rubrics that integrate integrity-by-design. Collectively, the framework provides a practicable roadmap that links immediate classroom tactics to institutional systems change. The forthcoming focus groups are expected to contextualize feasibility, surface discipline-specific nuances, and refine priorities for scalable, policy-aligned implementation in Malaysian universities.
Ahmad Farimin Ahmad Osman, Fatimah Zaharah Ismail, Nor Hafizi Yusof
Murajaah is the systematic process of reviewing memorised verses of the Quran and serves as a foundational mechanism for the lifelong retention and fluency required of huffaz. At the tertiary level, this practice undergoes a critical transition as students move from the structured and externally supervised systems of traditional tahfiz institutions to a learning environment that demands greater autonomy and self-direction. This shift presents a significant challenge since the absence of imposed schedules and direct oversight often leads to inconsistency in murajaah, which in turn affects long-term memorisation. This paper provides a theoretical exploration of how principles of self-regulated learning can transform murajaah into a sustainable and systematic practice for tertiary-level huffaz. It integrates insights from metacognition and cognitive learning theories to construct a coherent framework for understanding the internal processes involved in Quranic memorisation. The discussion argues that self-regulation—operationalised through the cyclical phases of planning, monitoring and evaluation—elevates murajaah from a repetitive routine to a conscious, reflective and strategic process of learning. By internalising this self-regulatory cycle, tertiary huffaz can cultivate essential attributes such as autonomy, persistence and adaptive learning, which are crucial for sustaining Quranic retention amid the cognitive and academic demands of university life.
Azlin Azman, Fauziah Mohamad Yunus, Nurliyana Abas
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often face persistent challenges in accessing financial resources, adapting to technological advancements, and sustaining competitiveness in an increasingly digitalised economy. SMEs continue to be limited by their resourcefulness, lack of digital literacy, and poor access to funding platforms, thus delaying their desired growth and sustainability despite the increasing roles of financial technologies and digital innovations. This study aims to develop a conceptual model that examines the relationship between SME strategies and digital financial solutions, with strategic development positioned as the mediating mechanism. A conceptual and literature-based approach allows the research to combine the teachings of the Resource-Based view and dynamic capabilities theory to propose a framework to which SMEs can enhance their performance by adopting digital practices such as digital marketing, alternate financing, and sustenance efforts to focus on financial inclusion and competitive advantage. The outcomes indicate that SME strategies play a prominent role in the digital financial adoption when mediated by relatively structured pathways of strategic development, emphasising the role of resource reconfiguration, workforce capacity, and networks of collaboration in digital transformation. This study also highlights the important functions of digital finance in mitigating the credit constraint, alternative finance instruments in widening the availability of finance, and co-creation networks in aligning business development with sustainability. The theoretical implications of this research are two-fold: first, the study contributes to academic discussions on the digital transformation of SMEs through an integrated conceptual framework; second, it provides practical recommendations that can be used by SMEs, policymakers, and financial institutions to improve digital readiness and financial resilience. Finally, this paper would need additional empirical verification of the propositions made and serve as a guide into future research involving sector-specific aspects and emerging digital technologies.
Irma Hanie Ibrahim, Nur Shazana Shaharuddin, Siti Suhana Judi, Wan Mohd Nurdden Wan Muhammad
In Malaysia, there are several alternatives available to minimize the environmental impact from the construction industry, including the adoption of green building construction. Many studies, however, show that creating new green buildings may have negative influences on the environment, such as improper waste management and a rise in building stocks in Malaysia. Thus, green retrofitting is an effective measure since it utilizes existing buildings in Malaysia to retrofit buildings with sustainable elements, such as additional window openings for natural lighting. However, the application of the green retrofitting concept as a factor in sustainable development in Malaysia is still critically low, and it is not extensively applied in the construction industry. The aim of this paper is to gain an insight and in depth understanding on the challenges in implementing green retrofitting concept in Malaysia. Quantitative study is applied through the conduction of questionnaires distributed among architects working in Kuala Lumpur. It is showed that architects are aware and facing the challenges in designing green retrofitting concept for residential housing in Malaysia.
Antonio Naboya, Jereco Jims Agapito, John Albert Laboga, Jomar Navarro, Phoebe Lanzaderas, Rechel Caliwan, Ruderico Endriano Jr
Tracking the whereabouts of graduates after completing their degree is essential because it provides concrete evidence of how effectively academic programs prepare students for the demands of the labor market. In the Philippines, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) mandates the conduct of tracer studies to generate reliable data on graduate employability, program relevance, and institutional performance. Such studies serve as vital feedback mechanisms for higher education institutions, enabling continuous improvement and alignment with industry standards. In this context, the present study examined the employment outcomes of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering (BSEE) graduates of Eastern Visayas State University–Ormoc City Campus from 2018 to 2020. A total of 223 respondents, purposively selected for having undertaken the same curriculum, participated in the study. Data were collected through a structured survey to assess employment status, licensure examination performance, job positions, and the perceived relevance of program outcomes to professional development. Both descriptive statistics and qualitative feedback were analyzed. Findings revealed that a considerable number of graduates had successfully passed the licensure examination and were highly employable across diverse industries. They occupied positions ranging from supervisors, designers, academicians, and staff engineers to technicians. Metro Manila emerged as the primary hub of employment, although a notable proportion were deployed overseas. Respondents recognized that the program significantly contributed to their lifelong learning capacity, critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and communication skills. The study concludes that the BSEE program has effectively prepared graduates for professional practice. Recommendations include expanding hands-on exposure to modern electrical equipment, integrating industry-standard software, and introducing courses that build supervisory and managerial competencies to further strengthen employability.
Consuelo R. Saenz, EdD, Teresa S. Echano
This study aimed to describe the transdisciplinary leadership approaches of school heads in teacher collaboration and innovation in Mercedes, Camarines Norte, for the School Year 2024-2025. A quantitative method using a descriptive-correlational design was used, with a structured questionnaire to gather data from all 113 teachers in three mainland public elementary schools in Mercedes, Camarines Norte. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Version 21 with weighted mean and Pearson correlation as statistical tools. The findings revealed that school heads consistently demonstrated transdisciplinary leadership approaches in adaptive and empowering leadership, knowledge integration and support, and values-driven complexity management. The findings also indicate that the level of teacher collaboration was very high in collaborative lesson planning, teamwork, shared reflection, feedback exchange, and professional learning communities. Likewise, the level of teacher innovation was very high in opportunity exploration, idea generation, idea promotion, idea realization, and idea sustainability. In addition, test for significant relationship between variables revealed that transdisciplinary leadership approaches was significantly related to level of teacher collaboration and to level of teacher innovation. Levels of teacher collaboration and innovation also showed significant relationship. Moreover, the findings showed that schools experienced minimal to no challenges in implementing transdisciplinary leadership approaches. Based on the findings, Project LEAD was proposed to further enhance transdisciplinary leadership approaches of school heads.
Akrobou Yapi Roxane, Md Sagor Hossain, Rahman Mostafizur
This study focuses on how Transformational Leadership affects Employee Engagement among 512 people who took part in a survey in service and knowledge-based sectors. We used SEM and OLS regression and discovered that Transformational Leadership is strongly linked with Employee Engagement (β ≈ 0.42, p < .001), just as the general correlation between leaders and follower engagement previously shown in 86 studies found (r ≈ 0.47). Furthermore, psychological empowerment came up as a key influence, agreeing with Fareed et al.’s (2023) view of empowerment as what connects TFL to good project outcomes. Even though voice and safety matters for employees enhanced how much TFL has achieved, belief in a just world and psychological ownership were important factors in both this study and those conducted in organizations. As evidence, new research from hospitality by Afsar et al. (2022) and from pharmaceuticals by Emerald (2024) says that employee engagement links TFL with commitment and retention, and increases both affective organizational commitment and job performance Because the current global cost of disengagement is very high (close to US $8.8 trillion), these findings remind us why it is essential for organizations to focus on TFL. Some practical ways are to build leadership development programs for the “four I’s,” add empowerment routines, and create a fair workplace that supports psychological safety so that TFL truly helps achieve better organizational results.
Amir Aris, Nurhayati Kamarudin, Wirda Syaheera Mohd Sulaiman
Transformational leadership has emerged as a pivotal approach in guiding Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions toward sustainable practices. This study examines the influence of transformational leadership on the implementation of sustainability-focused policies and practices within Malaysian TVET institutions. The research highlights how leadership behaviours such as inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, idealized influence, and individualized consideration contribute to the development of environmental awareness, resource efficiency, and social responsibility. Data were gathered from 120 respondents across five TVET colleges using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and regression analyses. Findings reveal that transformational leadership significantly predicts the integration of sustainable practices in teaching, campus operations, and institutional governance. The study underscores the importance of leadership development and organizational culture in realizing sustainability goals across TVET ecosystems.
Gladys S. Escarlos, Rajan A. Galila, Wenalyn B. Valdez
This review synthesizes studies from 2018 to 2024, evaluating Transformational Leadership Theory (TLT) application in Philippine educational governance. Analysis centers on idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration as drivers of teacher motivation, collaboration, and innovation. Findings from the Philippines reveal transformational leaders strengthen institutional governance and improve policy implementation by fostering participatory administration and professional growth. International research from 2020 to 2025 corroborates local results, showing that psychological empowerment, organizational climate, and distributed leadership mediate positive relationships between TLT behaviors and school effectiveness. Overall, the evidence affirms TLT’s validity in explaining how leadership practices address governance challenges and support reform. Integration of transformational leadership into development programs is recommended. Continued longitudinal and mixed-methods research will further clarify causal links and strengthen support for policy improvement.
Dr. Shadreck P.M. Makombe, Mr. Zvirimumwoyo G. Mvere, Prof. Bornface C. Chikasha
This study investigates turnover intentions and their effects on the health sector in Harare Metropolitan Province, Zimbabwe. The research explores the prevalence, underlying causes, and consequences of turnover intention among healthcare professionals working in public health facilities. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to a purposively selected sample of 50 health workers, including doctors, nurses, and primary healthcare providers. The findings reveal a high prevalence of turnover intention, primarily driven by factors such as insufficient medication, low salaries, poor working conditions, limited career advancement, inadequate management support, and job dissatisfaction. The study also highlights the negative impact of turnover intention on healthcare service delivery, including increased workload for remaining staff, reduced patient care quality, low staff morale, and heightened operational costs. Respondents unanimously acknowledged the economic and social disruptions caused by staff turnover, emphasizing its adverse effect on institutional knowledge and healthcare outcomes. Based on the findings, the study recommends improved compensation, better working environments, enhanced professional development opportunities, and stronger leadership as strategies to curb turnover intentions. The study concludes by calling for further research into the long-term impact of staff retention interventions and comparisons between public and private sector healthcare settings in Zimbabwe.
Muhammad Firdaus Mustapha, Wan Atiqah Humaira Wan Abas
University libraries play a critical role in supporting students' academic growth by offering access to a wide range of academic materials. The adoption of Library Management Systems (LMS) also revolutionises the way they operate, from relying on index cards and handwritten logs to using a platform that support various functionalities including cataloguing, storing and managing resources. Despite these advancements, university libraries still face challenges such as declining usage of printed books as students struggle to navigate large collections and remain unaware of the valuable materials. Librarians also lack analytical insights to align book collections with students’ needs. Therefore, this project aims to develop an LMS that employs descriptive data analytics to enhance access to library resources and promote student engagement with printed materials. The methodology implemented in this project is Feature-Driven Development (FDD), an iterative and feature-focused approach while technologies used are PHP for the backend and HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the frontend. Chart.js is used for data visualization while MySQL is for database management. Key features include book recommendations, analytics dashboards, and reservation module. All testing showed positive results, confirming the system is working and user-friendly.
Nur Aini Deraman, Nurul Nadhirah Mahmud
In the public accounting industry, the increasing trend of auditors leaving their jobs has become a serious concern, as it can negatively affect audit firms’ performance and client retention. A study by Knechel et al. (2021) found that audit firms are likely to lose clients when auditors resign. Consequently, understanding the reasons behind auditors’ voluntary turnover has attracted growing attention from researchers, industry practitioners, and policymakers. This paper presents a narrative literature review examining how job satisfaction influences voluntary turnover among auditors. Fifty (50) peer-reviewed studies were systematically identified from databases such as Web of Science, Emerald Insight, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate and Google Scholars. Three major themes emerged from the synthesis: perceptions of the profession, work conditions, and work environment. The findings highlight that perceptions of the profession, work conditions, and work environment affect job satisfaction, hence auditor turnover. A conceptual framework is proposed to illustrate the relationship between these factors, job satisfaction, and voluntary turnover. The review concludes by suggesting practical recommendations for audit firms and future research directions to address turnover in the auditing profession.
Noorie Haryaniee Moulton
This concept paper aims to provide a foundational understanding of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) practices in Malaysia by analysing recent industry reports, policy updates and expert commentaries. With ESG gaining importance as a strategic driver for sustainable corporate growth and the Malaysian companies are navigating to developing compliance requirements, stakeholder expectations and market opportunities. Using secondary sources including government initiatives, corporate reporting guidelines and media analyses, this paper produces key trends, challenges and emerging priorities in the Malaysian ESG landscape. While this is not an empirical study, the discussion offers a conceptual framework for understanding how ESG principles are shaping corporate strategies, fostering transparency and aligning business objectives with sustainable development goals. The findings are intended to serve as a reference point for academics, practitioners and policymakers that seeking to deepen their grasp of ESG’s role in Malaysia’s corporate governance and strategic management context.
Ke Lin Siew, Keng Sheng Chew, Shirly Siew-Ling Wong, Vanitha A/P Kandasamy
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive issue that manifests in various forms that are often influenced by the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator. While intimate partner violence (IPV) is widely recognized, abuse by other family members, such as parents, siblings, or children, also presents serious concerns, particularly within households. Understanding the dynamics between victims and perpetrators is crucial for determining the nature and intensity of violence. This study investigates how the nature of the perpetrator-victim relationship affects the form and severity of GBV, with a focus on cases reported at the One Stop Crisis Center (OSCC) in Sarawak General Hospital. A total of 139 adult victims were surveyed between March 2021 and March 2023 using the World Health Organization's Violence Against Women Instrument (VAWI), which measures psychological, physical, and sexual violence. The analysis revealed that the relationship with the perpetrator significantly influenced the severity and type of violence experienced. Victims of intrafamilial violence were more likely to report experiencing only one form of abuse, whereas those subjected to IPV were more often exposed to multiple forms of violence. Although the demographic factors such as age, marital status, and education level showed some associations with the patterns of abuse, the perpetrator relationship remained the strongest predictor in this study. In fact, these findings highlight the importance of addressing GBV within both intimate and familial contexts. Understanding the dynamics of different relationships can inform more effective prevention strategies and support services that promote safety and resilience for individuals and communities in Sarawak.
Latifa Mednini, Mouna Damak Turki
Brand hate has become a growing area of interest in consumer behavior research, yet its antecedents remain insufficiently examined. This conceptual paper aims to explore the key antecedents that trigger brand hate and shape consumers’ negative emotional responses toward brands. The proposed model identifies four major sources of brand hate: perceived price unfairness, poor-quality relationships between consumers and brands, neglect of consumer voice, and antecedents outside the firm’s control such as social, cultural, environmental, or situational influences. Each of these factors can evoke strong negative emotions, leading to hate toward a brand. By studying these antecedents, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how brand hate originates and develops, offering insights for both researchers and practitioners to better prevent and manage consumer hostility.
Estella Nelson, Gbadebo Collins Adeyanju, Jolaoluwa Ruth Aina
Young people represent a vital demographic in shaping the social, economic, and political fabric of societies. Their participation is central to global and regional policy frameworks, including the European Union Youth Strategy (2019–2027), which emphasizes empowerment, protection, and integration of young migrants and refugees. In Germany, national and sub-national policies similarly prioritize youth engagement. However, young people with a migration background continue to face barriers that limit their effective participation. This study explores their levels of engagement, knowledge, and attitudes toward youth policy initiatives. A qualitative research design was employed using focus group discussions with participants aged 12–21 years, of African, Arabian, and Eastern European descent. Snowball sampling was used for recruitment. Data were analyzed through an inductive meta-aggregation approach. Results reveal persistent gaps in policy effectiveness for migrant-background youth, including limited awareness of youth policies and decision-making processes, political apathy, racism, Islamophobia, perceived exclusion of minority groups, unequal valuation of migrants by race/ethnicity, identity crises, and lack of safe spaces. Weaknesses in policy communication and information flow were also evident. While youth development policies in Germany are innovative, they remain insufficiently inclusive of young people with a migrant background, particularly in policy design and implementation.
Anis-Farahwahida, M.K, Azni Syafena Andin Salamat
This conceptual paper examines the multifaceted factors influencing teachers’ work-life integration (WLI) in the Malaysian context, emphasising four key dimensions: workload, digitalisation, organisational support, and socio-demographic factors. Drawing on the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) Model, Boundary Theory, and Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory, the study proposes an integrative framework that conceptualises WLI as a dynamic process shaped by the interaction of personal, organisational, and systemic elements. A synthesis of current global and Malaysian literature reveals that teachers face increasing challenges in balancing professional and personal roles due to excessive workload, bureaucratic pressures, and the rapid expansion of digital teaching responsibilities. These demands have blurred work-home boundaries, contributing to heightened stress and burnout. Conversely, supportive organisational climates, empathetic leadership, and adequate institutional resources are shown to enhance teachers’ capacity for effective integration. The paper highlights the need for holistic strategies that go beyond individual coping mechanisms to address structural and policy-level reforms. It recommends that the Malaysian Ministry of Education incorporate WLI indicators into teacher management frameworks and prioritise workload reduction, digital boundary management, and gender-sensitive support systems. By offering a theoretically grounded framework and practical recommendations, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on teacher well-being, retention, and educational sustainability. It advances the understanding of WLI as a systemic and multidimensional construct, providing a foundation for future empirical validation and policy innovation in the Malaysian educational landscape
Pragati Yadav, Prof. Aloka Kumar Goyal
Food subsidy has been a foundation of India’s social welfare and food security strategy for decades. It bridges the gap between the economic cost of foodgrains and the highly subsidized issue price under the Public Distribution System (PDS), thus enabling the poor and vulnerable sections of society to access food at affordable rates. In the context of India’s large population and persistent rural poverty, food subsidy plays a dual role- supporting farmers’ incomes through assured procurement at the Minimum Support Price (MSP) and providing purchasing power to the poor through subsidized foodgrains distribution. This paper examines the long-term trends in food subsidy in India, with special focus on its annual growth rate and share as a percentage of GDP, to understand its fiscal significance. The study further explores the determinants of the economic cost of foodgrains, which directly influences the subsidy burden. Key components such as MSP/procurement price, procurement incidentals, and distribution costs for wheat and rice are analyzed in terms of their annual growth rates and their impact on the overall economic cost, using regression analysis. The findings aim to provide insights into which cost components contribute the most to the rise in food subsidy. The study relies on secondary data compiled from various government sources to highlight the changing dynamics of food subsidy in India.
Elyn Mohd Ridzwan, Nor Hasradiana Aman, Suhana Mohamed
This paper explores the role of Islamic finance in enhancing economic resilience, with a focus on Malaysia as a case study. In an increasingly uncertain global environment, financial systems must be both stable and ethically grounded. Islamic finance, based on Shariah principles such as risk-sharing, prohibition of interest (riba), and asset-backed transactions, offers a unique framework that promotes financial stability and social responsibility. Through a review of recent literature, this study highlights how Islamic financial institutions and instruments such as zakat, waqf, and sukuk have contributed to economic recovery and social protection, particularly during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. The discussion also examines the increasing role of financial technology (FinTech) and sustainability in expanding the reach of Islamic finance. Malaysia's proactive regulatory environment and institutional development make it a valuable model for other countries seeking to build inclusive and resilient financial systems. The paper concludes with recommendations for strengthening Islamic finance through policy support, innovation, and public awareness. This review contributes to a better understanding of how Islamic finance can support long-term economic resilience in both national and global contexts.
Mohd Nazim Bin Ganti Shaari
University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) exists as a statutory body by virtue of an Act of Parliament (Act 173) and it is regarded as a special instrument to further the objectives of the quota provision under Article 153 of the Federal Constitution. Unfortunately, an examination of its policies would reveal severe inconsistencies and contradictions with the law. However, this state of affairs is a perfect example of the “living law” as opposed to “constitutional idolatry” in which the real workings and understanding of the Constitution do not always align perfectly with the content of the Constitution. This paper proposes to explore these legal issues, using the legal doctrinal and theoretical analysis as its research method. An examination of the UiTM controversy by this paper would demonstrate the influence and effects of sociolegal jurisprudence and postmodern jurisprudence. In sociolegal jurisprudence, law must also be examined from the actions of individuals and institutions, while in postmodern jurisprudence, it denies the impartiality of “law” and it also exposes the reasons for any kinds of legal comprehension. Hence this paper would prove that merely applying legality based on the law is an inadequate analysis and response to the legal and constitutional problems surrounding UiTM.
David Lopez Romero, Luz Yoko Skewes Florez, Saul Agustin Sosa Castelan
Labor relations establish links between employers and workers and are essential for the smooth running of companies, factories, and service providers. In general, they are the guiding force behind the proper functioning of the labor community and its workplace. The history of labor unions is not easy; its complexity allows us to understand the different movements throughout history in search of better working conditions and social justice. From differences in paid activities to the establishment of working hours, labor relations range from the most basic to the most elaborate activities. In the field of education, it is possible to find that the relations between the academic workforce and the employers are a good example for analyzing the importance of academic unionism, particularly at the university level. In this way, university unionism not only has the challenge of defending working conditions but also develops opportunities for these conditions to improve, not only in the workplace but also as a guarantee of maintaining the functioning of educational institutions and defending the quality of education and the training of students committed to society.
Brightly Suryajaya Ong, Ike Purnamasari, Irsan Tricahyadinata
This study aims to identify the effect of empowerment leadership on employee creativity at PT XYZ by considering the mediating role of trust in leaders and employee engagement. In a service-based work environment, employee creativity is a strategic element in creating innovation and maintaining company competitiveness. Using a quantitative method with Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach, data were collected from 234 permanent employees of PT XYZ. The results showed that empowerment leadership has a significant effect on employee engagement and employee creativity. However, the direct effect of trust in leaders on creativity is not significant, although the trust serves as an amplifier in the relationship between empowerment leadership and employee engagement. The theoretical implications of this study extend the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theoretical framework by emphasising the importance of empowerment as a key resource in enhancing creativity. Practically, PT XYZ is advised to implement an empowerment-based leadership programme to increase employee engagement and encourage creative behaviour.
Noah K Sichula, Nombukiso Shabangu
This study explores the key enablers of persistence among adult literacy learners at Sebenta National Institute in Eswatini. Adult literacy serves as a fundamental pillar of national development, empowering individuals to actively participate in society and contribute meaningfully to the economy. However, high dropout rates among adult literacy learners remain a significant challenge, underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence those who persist until the completion of the programme. Employing a qualitative approach and a case study design, data were collected through individual interviews with five (n=5) facilitators and three (n=3) instructors, as well as focus group discussions with sixty (n=60) adult learners. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify key factors influencing learner retention, including the desire for self-improvement, a supportive learning environment, and access to resources. The findings revealed that the relevance of learning content to real-life applications significantly influenced persistence, as learners’ perceived practical value in their education. Additionally, supportive learning environments, characterized by encouragement from adult educators and peers, played a crucial role in maintaining motivation for learning. Family and community support also emerged as vital enablers, fostering a sense of belonging and accountability. Lastly, participants expressed that hope for a better future and personal aspirations strongly motivated their commitment to completing the literacy program. These insights provide valuable recommendations for improving the design and development of adult literacy programs to enhance learner persistence and success.
Engr. Aillyn M. Arrobio, LPT., Glenne B. Lagura, DPA
This research study examines the challenges and opportunities in implementing small-scale infrastructure projects, particularly water systems, under the KALAHI-CIDSS program in three rural barangays: Banagbanag (Montevista), Katipunan (Kapalong), and Balagunan (Santo Tomas). Aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), this study explores the obstacles to sustainable water infrastructure development and the empowering, community-led approaches that foster inclusive and resilient systems. Through qualitative interviews, focus group discussions, and participatory assessments with community members, local implementers, and program stakeholders, the study identifies key challenges—including technical limitations, funding gaps, governance issues, and socio-cultural dynamics—that hinder project effectiveness. Research shows a connection between the firm community ownership and flexible implementation methods that can be used to move the stubborn structural and institutional obstacles. The research has tailored solutions to the KALAHI-CIDSS program on how the work pushes forward the SDG 9 objectives of creating firm, fair, and sustainable rural infrastructure systems.
Bernard Chingwanangwana
The world over, there has been a crusade to cushion the growth, education, and transition of the girl child throughout their educational and social life, which is noble and commendable. However, the boy child also has their own challenges, which go unnoticed, or get taken for granted. The current qualitative case study departs from the enshrined norm and focuses on the issues bedeviling the boy child in their education during turbulent times. The turbulence were induced by the Fast Track Land Reform Programme of February 20000 in Zimbabwe, which has caused the collapse of the economy, affecting all sectors, schools, and the boy child included. Two primary and two secondary schools in the Marondera Education District were sampled, using sixteen teachers and four school heads. The following questions guided the study: What factors affect the boy child's education during turbulence? How are the issues affecting the boy child in their education being addressed? Is there anything more that can be done to resolve further the issues affecting the boy child in their education? Data were generated through in depth semi structured interviews and focus groups. It emerged that drug abuse, gambling, theft, sexual immorality, child-headed homes, and bullying were among the issues impeding the boy child’s education in the current Zimbabwean milieu. The study recommends a deliberate thrust in engaging parents, school personnel, government departments, and other key stakeholders to address the challenges emerging from the study.
Anis Fakhira Khirzani, Melor Md Yunus, Nur Ehsan Mohd Said
With the arrival of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it promises the apex of digitalisation. However, brows were raised when the recent Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results carried out online, indicated a disparity in reading proficiency, urging the investigation of the declining reading motivation and digital capability among learners. Aligned with SDG 4, fostering reading motivation emerges as a pivotal element in language development, cognitive growth, and educational achievement. This is particularly relevant in Malaysia, where English is taught as a second language and holds strategic importance. Therefore, this study examines the level of Gen Alpha ESL learners' perceptions of their digital nativity and reading motivation, while also exploring the relationship between the same variables. Using a purposive sampling approach, 301 thirteen-year-old secondary students were chosen and asked to complete the Reading Motivation Questionnaire and the Digital Native Assessment Scale. From the findings, it was discovered that the majority of Gen Alpha ESL learners in Kota Bharu are digital natives and motivated readers, with a substantial association between perceived digital nativity and reading motivation. This study has led to the belief that in order to increase reading motivation, teachers should focus on honing students’ digital skills to navigate the constantly evolving world of technology with awareness. It is therefore imperative that educators and policymakers utilise a variety of digital tools in the classroom to foster a love of reading in Generation Alpha.
Innocent E. Bello, John I. Ekele, Reuben J. Jacob
Urbanisation is one of the main environmental changes in the twenty-first century that significantly changes landscapes and disrupts the ecological balance in various regions of the world. The most significant issue in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC)is associated with the rate at which urbanisation tends to take place more rapidly without sufficient protective measures towards the natural ecosystems.This study assessed Urbanization and Environmental Quality in the AMAC using Land Surface Temperature (LST), Nominalised Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI).Landsat 8 data for 2014, 2019 and 2024 were used to estimate LST, NDVI, NDBI and NDWI of the study area. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between the indices. The results indicate a progressive rise in LST across the years, with mean values increasing from 35.15°C in 2014 to 39.11°C in 2024. The NDBI values remained relatively stable but slightly increased in maximum values from 0.403 in 2014 to 0.463 in 2024. The NDVI showed moderate vegetation presence throughout the period, with mean values ranging between 0.22 and 0.24. The NDWI values increased over time, with the mean shifting from -0.23 in 2014 to 0.06 in 2024. The standard deviations for all indices were low, implying minimal variability within each dataset. The correlation analysis reveals that In 2014, LST exhibited a strong positive correlation with the NDBI (r = 0.69) and a strong negative correlation with the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (r = -0.69), indicating that built-up areas contributed to higher temperatures while vegetation had a cooling effect. NDWI also showed a positive relationship with LST (r = 0.56). By 2019, the correlation between LST and NDBI remained positive (r = 0.64) but slightly weaker, while the relationship with NDVI remained negative (r = -0.71). However, the association between LST and NDWI became weakly negative (r = -0.11). In 2024, similar patterns persisted with LST positively related to NDBI (r = 0.63) and negatively related to NDVI (r = -0.59). The moderate positive correlation between NDVI and NDWI (r = 0.47) in 2024 reflects that vegetated areas retained more surface moisture. The study recommended that Abuja Municipal Area Council impose more stringent development restrictions to prevent the spread of impervious materials in the recently urbanised areas and encourage the use of permeable surface designs.
Cesar Kamel, Richard Beainy
This study provides a quantitative evaluation of equity market performance with the goal of comparing firms located in the United States with those located in China. Using share prices adjusted daily for significantly large companies over a time period from 2010 to 2025, the research investigates volatility, return and riskadjusted efficiency. Performance indicators used to deduct the results include the compound annual growth rate (CAGR), annualized volatility, Sharpe, Sortino and Calmar ratios. Results show superior characteristics of U.S firms relative to their Chinese counterparts, the S&P 500 index vastly surpass China’s MCHI, so does the Nasdaq 100 index when compared to China’s largest 50 companies index FXI. When compared to US companies, such as Apple, Microsoft and Nvidia, Chinese giants such as Alibaba and Baidu generate lower return, much lower alpha (positive abnormal return) and greater downturns. Finally, and through correlation analysis and a correlation heat map, the study provides evidence based practical implications for investors, to allow them to achieve a more efficient risk management and better diversify their portfolio.
Farah Nadia Azman, Muhammad Akmal Iman Rosli, Sharifah Sakinah Syed Ahmad, Zuraini Othman
This study explores the development and evaluation of a Virtual Reality (VR) hidden object game designed to promote awareness and understanding of traditional Malaysian handicrafts among young tourists. By leveraging the immersive and interactive capabilities of VR, the game integrates educational content within a playful digital environment, aiming to enhance cultural learning in tourism settings. The research examines key aspects including users’ cultural knowledge acquisition, the effectiveness of game mechanics, and overall user experience through a structured evaluation involving participant feedback and gameplay analysis. Findings indicate that the prototype positively supports informal learning, with respondents reporting increased knowledge of Malaysian crafts, ease of interaction, and motivation to continue exploring cultural heritage. The study contributes to the field by presenting a novel application of the hidden object game subgenre in VR for educational tourism, demonstrating its potential to engage younger audiences in meaningful cultural experiences. While technical challenges such as collider design were encountered, they were resolved through mesh-based solutions, ensuring realistic object interaction. Limitations include a narrow cultural scope and sample size, suggesting future research should expand content diversity and assess long-term learning outcomes. Overall, the project validates VR as a promising medium for enhancing cultural heritage education in tourism contexts.
Ameni Guellout, Antonio Gil Bravo, Aya Guellout, Meriem Guellout
The management of plastic waste poses a significant environmental challenge, with large amounts of plastic ending up in landfills and oceans every year. Traditional recycling methods often fail, especially for complex plastics like multi-layer films and composites. Deep eutectic solvents (DES), a class of non-toxic and biodegradable solvents, offer a promising solution for plastic recycling. DES can dissolve and degrade a wide range of plastics, such as polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), by breaking polymer chains and transforming plastics into reusable products or valuable monomers. Compared to conventional recycling methods, DES offer several advantages, including selective dissolution of specific plastics, low environmental impact, and the potential for recycling at ambient temperatures, which reduces energy consumption. However, challenges remain, including high viscosity, selective solubility, and the need for solvent regeneration. The future of DES in plastic recycling lies in the development of improved solvent systems, their integration into industrial processes, and their use in green chemistry. Ultimately, DES offer a sustainable solution for enhancing plastic waste management and contributing to a circular economy.
Halimaton Hakimi, Kurk Wei Yi, Muhammad Danish Mohamad Jafri, Noorrezam Yusop, Nuridawati Mustafa
This paper presents the user acceptance testing (UAT) and evaluation of the Smart Student Rental Platform, a mobile application developed to promote sustainable resource sharing within university communities. The platform enables students to lend and rent academic or lifestyle items through a secure, centralized system that encourages affordability and reuse. User acceptance was evaluated using a structured questionnaire based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), focusing on perceived ease of use, usefulness, capability, trust, and intention to use. Twenty-five university students participated in the testing after interacting with the functional prototype developed using Flutter and Firebase. The findings indicate a high level of user satisfaction, with respondents reporting that the application was easy to navigate, improved accessibility to essential items, and encouraged environmentally responsible behavior. Minor feedback highlighted the need for performance optimization. Overall, the results confirm that the system is both usable and beneficial for fostering sustainable consumption and community collaboration in campus environments.
Daway, Nihma A., Muji, Jabir G, Sanson Jr, Antonio T
This study sought to evaluate the utilization of technology management in the industry-based immersion program at Baliwasan Senior High School. The findings revealed that the extent of technology management utilization in the program was moderate. Senior high school students demonstrated a moderate level of performance in terms of knowledge, while their performance in skills and attitudes was rated high. A significant relationship was identified between the level of technology management utilization and the students’ performance. However, no notable difference was observed in the extent of technology management utilization between the HUMSS and TVL strands. It is recommended that administrators improve school operations and enhance the visibility of technology management usage on campus. Additionally, conducting campaigns and seminars is suggested to further advance and enhance technology management practices. The teachers may be acquainted with the utilization of technology management and be adequately informed about the alignment of it to the industry-based immersion. Students will gain a deeper understanding of the broader application of technology management in work immersion, including its importance and the advantages it provides during the immersion process. The community may become more aware of the appropriate implementation of technology management in the local context, as well as receive updates regarding its progress and upkeep. Future researchers might explore additional aspects as variables in the study, while also examining other relevant criteria in the application of technology management beyond those addressed in this research.
Banna Sawaneh, Kebba Gibba
This study examines the application of the New Public Governance (NPG) approach to conflict management in the border communities of Southern Gambia, where persistent land disputes, resource scarcity, and political tensions undermine local stability and development. The main aim is to investigate how NPG principles-emphasizing inclusive participation, networked governance, and bottom-up accountability-can offer a context-specific and sustainable framework for conflict management in fragile borderland contexts. A qualitative case study design was employed, with data collected from 35 community members and 30 security officials in Brikama LGA and neighbouring border areas through interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-step thematic framework, supported by NVivo 15, guided the analysis. Findings indicate that NPG enhances conflict management by integrating indigenous mechanisms, such as joking relationships (sanankuyaa, Jola-Fula-Serer), which foster cohesion, humour, and respect. Cross-border collaboration through joint patrols, training, and harmonized protocols builds trust and strengthens coordination among stakeholders. Community perceptions highlight that participatory dialogue, peace education, and cultural practices reinforce inter-ethnic cohesion, reconciliation, and shared identity. Strategies to strengthen NPG include improved infrastructure, secure communication, early warning systems, and livelihood initiatives such as cross-border markets and youth/women empowerment. Multi-level adaptive governance and hybrid councils further institutionalize inclusive conflict transformation. Despite these benefits, challenges persist, including complex socio-political dynamics, capacity gaps among traditional leaders, and uneven resource distribution, which limits the full realization of NPG’s potential. This study is motivated by a critical research gap while prior research has examined conflict in the Senegambia borderlands; limited attention has been given to how a governance framework like NPG can operationalize local cultural mechanisms for sustainable conflict transformation. Addressing this gap can provide evidence-based strategies for policymakers, practitioners, and community actors to enhance peacebuilding in fragile border contexts.
Pradeep Phuyal
This study provides a comprehensive psychometric validation of a multidimensional questionnaire designed to measure green consumer behavior in the post-COVID-19 context. The instrument, administered in Dhankuta Municipality, Nepal. This study uniquely integrates pandemic-induced behavioral influences with classical economic, psychological, and environmental theories, creating a six-dimensional framework. This multidimensional model not only predicts green purchasing behavior but also advances existing literature by formalizing the pandemic’s role in shaping sustainable consumption. Content validity was supported through expert review, and construct validity was examined via Pearson correlations and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). All items correlated significantly with their respective subscales (r = .415–.891, p < .001), exceeding the critical threshold (±.1265, df = 391, p < .05). Reliability analyses demonstrated strong internal consistency across dimensions (Cronbach’s α = .70–.88). Multi-group CFA confirmed measurement invariance across gender (ΔCFI < .01), ensuring the scale functions equivalently for males and females. Structural equation modeling further validated criterion-related evidence, showing that pandemic-related (β = 0.306, p < 0.001), economic (β = 0.235, p < 0.001), and environmental (β = 0.157, p < 0.001) factors significantly predicted willingness to pay (WTP) for green products. Psychological influence was marginal (β = .106, p = .018), while social and sustainability dimensions were no significant. The model accounted for 40% of the variance in WTP (R² = .401). Collectively, the findings confirm the instrument’s reliability, factorial validity, and predictive utility. Beyond established sustainability measures, this questionnaire uniquely integrates pandemic-related behavioral influences, offering new insights into shifting consumer patterns. The validated scale provides a robust tool for research and practice, enabling cross-group comparisons and longitudinal tracking of sustainable consumer behavior in the post-pandemic era.
Azrul Fazwan Kharuddin, Darvinatasya Kharuddin, Farhana Tahmida Newaz, Johari Mat, Wan Arfan Rusyaidi Wan Abdul Rashid
This study aimed to develop and validate a reliable measurement instrument to assess the effectiveness of Key Opinion Leader (KOL) collaborations in Malaysia’s cosmetic industry. Grounded in source credibility theory and influencer marketing frameworks, the study identified five core constructs Expertise, Trustworthiness, Attractiveness, Content Quality, and Engagement as determinants of KOL influence on consumer perception and purchase intention. A comprehensive literature review revealed gaps in culturally relevant instruments that reflect the multidimensional nature of influencer effectiveness within Southeast Asian markets. A multi-stage quantitative design was employed. Item generation combined theory, industry metrics, and expert interviews. Data were collected from 420 Malaysian social media users aged 18 and above who had interacted with cosmetic-related KOL content in the previous six months. The validation process followed rigorous psychometric protocols, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The results indicated robust factor loadings (≥ 0.67), Composite Reliability (CR ≥ 0.86), and Average Variance Extracted (AVE ≥ 0.55) across all constructs, confirming satisfactory internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Trustworthiness and Expertise emerged as the most influential determinants of consumer trust and purchase intention, while Content Quality and Engagement highlighted the significance of authenticity and interaction in digital persuasion. The study concludes that the validated instrument provides a reliable framework for evaluating and optimizing KOL partnerships within Malaysia’s beauty sector. It contributes theoretically by integrating credibility and engagement dimensions into influencer marketing models, and practically by enabling firms to align digital strategies with sustainable marketing objectives. This research supports UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) by promoting ethical, transparent, and data-driven collaborations that foster sustainable corporate growth.
Airil Haimi Mohd Adnan
The Higher Education 5.0 initiative represents a shift in tertiary education, seeking to align academic instructions with the realities students will encounter in their future workplaces. The transformations brought about by Industry 4.0 have fundamentally altered workplace training paradigms. Tertiary students, as tomorrow’s workforce, are increasingly encountering educational technologies characteristic of Higher Education 5.0, with video-based learning (VBL) emerging as a particularly significant innovation. As a cornerstone of the flipped classroom model, VBL has become instrumental in facilitating blended pedagogical approaches across universities and tertiary institutions. Throughout the ASEAN region, this technology is proving transformative for both learners and instructors, enabling round-the-clock access to educational content and supporting truly flexible learning environments. Concise, engaging, and informative video content is rapidly becoming the defining medium for knowledge transmission within the Higher Education 5.0 paradigm. This empirical investigation builds upon earlier efforts to develop and disseminate explainer video content designed for broader, more accessible teaching approaches that emphasise fundamental concepts which learners subsequently develop independently. Contemporary VBL has evolved beyond its origins as an informal learning tool to become a mainstream pedagogical resource spanning both academic and corporate educational contexts.
Aqilah Othman, Azmir Zulhanis, Faris Hussain, Hafiz Hanif, Khairuldin Abas, Sabhan Iman, Sani Araby, Zaidi Rizal, Zulfadhli Khiruddin
In an increasingly digitized world, immersive technologies like virtual reality (VR) are often lauded as “empathy machines” capable of fostering prosocial attitudes toward distant social and political issues. However, such claims often outpace empirical evidence detailing the specific mechanisms through which VR operates, particularly for complex and polarized geopolitical topics. This study explores the effectiveness of a narrativedriven VR experience in fostering empathy for the Palestinian struggle. Analyzing mixed-methods survey data (N = 186) from participants, we investigate the relationship between prior issue familiarity and self-reported changes in empathy. We find a statistically significant positive correlation, suggesting the VR experience acts as an empathy amplifier, particularly for those already engaged with the topic. Furthermore, qualitative analysis reveals that zones featuring personal, emotionally resonant narratives, specifically the “Tragedy of Hind Rajab”, were overwhelmingly cited as the most impactful component of the experience. The study concludes by discussing the critical role of personal storytelling in the design of effective VR for social advocacy and highlights directions for future work in immersive media research and conflict education.
Pengcheng Du, Xiang Jinwei
Virtual reality–based reminiscence therapy (VR-RT) leverages immersive autobiographical recall with multisensory and social features as a non-pharmacological option for older adults with MCI or dementia. This narrative review synthesized eight studies (N=177; 2019–2022) across Asia, Europe, and Oceania/North America, spanning RCTs, longitudinal, and exploratory designs. Psychological outcomes were consistently favorable—depression/anxiety decreased while morale, well-being, and social participation improved—with high acceptability and minimal adverse events; engagement and usability were strongest with personalized content and supportive onboarding. Cognitive effects were heterogeneous: several studies showed maintenance or short-term gains, others found no advantage over traditional reminiscence, and one longitudinal study suggested stabilization during intervention with post-cessation decline. Overall, VR-RT appears safe, feasible, and promising for mood and social connectedness, with preliminary evidence for cognitive stabilization but no uniform superiority; larger multi-site RCTs with active controls, longer follow-up, multidimensional and mechanism-focused outcomes, cost-effectiveness analyses, and designs emphasizing personalization, multisensory/media integration, social-VR, and ergonomic, low-load interaction are needed. In parallel, this review aims to chart emerging development trends and future directions for VR-RT.
Muriuki Kinya Jackline, Prof. Peter Kithae, PhD
This study examined the effect of volunteer youth participation in decision-making and community service on performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya, using the Kenya Red Cross Society (KRCS) as a case study. The study adopted a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach. Data were collected from a sample of 810 respondents comprising youth volunteers, staff, and governance members drawn from KRCS’s 47 county branches and eight regional offices. Structured questionnaires were used, and quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics summarized respondent characteristics, while correlation, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses established the strength and significance of relationships among variables. Results revealed statistically significant positive relationships between youth engagement and organizational performance. Participation in community service had the strongest influence (β = 0.640, p < .001), followed by decision-making participation (β = 0.130, p < .001). The findings also highlighted regional gender disparities, with male dominance in the North Eastern and Upper Eastern regions and higher female participation in Coast and West Kenya. Overall, the study concludes that meaningful youth engagement enhances organizational efficiency, innovation, and community outreach. It recommends institutionalizing inclusive decision-making structures, strengthening youth-led community service initiatives, and addressing gender and regional imbalances to optimize the contribution of young volunteers to organizational performance.
Eliseo I. Felisilda, Gladys S. Escarlos, Lovelle M. Arguido, MAEd
Developing reading comprehension among early grade learners remains a pressing challenge in Philippine basic education, particularly following learning disruptions brought about by the pandemic. This study examined how the Academic Recovery and Accessible Learning (ARAL) Program supports the improvement of reading comprehension among elementary learners in selected public schools in the District of Valencia City, Bukidnon. Guided by Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, the study explored the role of scaffolding, peer interaction, and guided support in strengthening reading development. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed. Teacher-respondents were selected through purposive sampling, specifically those facilitating ARAL reading sessions and maintaining documented learner progress records. A validated researcher-developed survey measured the extent of ARAL instructional practices, while reading comprehension levels were gathered from school-based assessments. Results show that a majority of learners fall within the Beginning and Developing levels of comprehension, indicating the continued need for structured reading support. Teachers reported a high extent of implementation of guided reading, scaffolding strategies, and peer-assisted learning, reflecting strong alignment with Vygotskian principles. However, challenges such as heavy teacher workload, limited reading materials, and inconsistent parental involvement were found to affect sustainability. The findings suggest that ARAL effectively supports comprehension growth when learning is socially mediated and scaffolded. Strengthening administrative support, enhancing resource provision, and fostering school-community partnerships are essential for sustaining literacy gains. The study underscores the importance of collaborative, guided learning environments in promoting reading comprehension among Filipino learners.
Nazirul Mubin Awang Besar, Neesa Ameera Mohamed Salim, Suhaiza Hanim Suroya, Suzani Azmin
Typography in digital media has moved beyond aesthetics to become a cultural and communicative tool, especially for Generation Z. On platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, YouTube Shorts, and Discord, typographic choices influence not only attention but also identity and community-building. This study examines typography’s role in shaping digital engagement and learning by integrating insights from participatory culture, branding, and microlearning research. A mixed-methods approach combines quantitative measures of engagement outcomes with qualitative analysis of user perceptions, offering a comprehensive view of typography as both a functional and cultural marker. The findings highlight how consistent, well-structured typographic systems enhance trust, clarity, and recognition, while creative variations help establish trends within social media ecosystems. The study contributes practical guidance for educators, content creators, and brands on using typography to strengthen communication and engagement with Gen Z audiences.
Mohd Ariff Mohd Daud, Muthoam, Wan Helmy Shahriman Wan Ahmad, Wan Noor Hazlina Wan Jusoh
The Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025 emphasizes financial self-sufficiency for public universities, prompting institutions to explore diversified revenue streams like waqf (Islamic charitable endowment). This study investigates the preferences of the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Terengganu community for allocating educational waqf funds. Utilizing a purposive sampling method, data were collected from 261 students, staff, and alumni via a survey. Respondents ranked eight potential waqf-funded projects. Findings indicate that "education for student development" is the most prioritized project, followed by "infrastructure development" and "mosque development." Projects related to "trade and commerce" and "environment" were the least preferred. The results reveal significant demographic variations; for instance, younger students favored immediate, tangible benefits, while older respondents prioritized health and social welfare. The study concludes that to optimize waqf fund utilization and enhance donor engagement, university administrators should prioritize projects aligned with these community preferences, primarily focusing on student-centric initiatives. The findings offer valuable insights for UiTM Terengganu's policy development and serve as a reference for other higher education institutions pursuing financial sustainability through waqf.
Moyinoluwa Oripeloye, Oluwadara Abimbade
Media continues to reproduce gender stereotypes that shape adolescents’ identities, aspirations, and opportunities. This qualitative case study, grounded in Feminist Media Theory, examines how media deconstruction activities supported five middle school girls in critically interpreting gendered advertising. Through guided analysis of commercials, participants identified patterns of symbolic annihilation, unequal double standards, and humor masking inequities, while also recognizing resistant texts that promoted inclusivity and empowerment. Video observations and interviews revealed how the girls articulated both the personal and societal consequences of stereotypical portrayals and positioned themselves as active, critical viewers. Their reflections highlight the emotional toll of repeated exposure to gendered media, as well as the empowering effect of inclusive alternatives. Findings demonstrate that feminist-informed media deconstruction, when embedded in collaborative learning environments, fosters critical consciousness and media agency. This paper calls for integrating such approaches into middle school digital literacy curricula to align with broader gender-equity goals in education.
Chukwuocha, Chidinma, Ekezie, Nkeiruka Keyna, Nwoko, Nnenna Mercy, Obieche, Precious Nkechi
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of work–life conflict (WLC) experienced by staff of selected higher institutions of learning in Imo State, Nigeria, and to identify the coping strategies adopted to reduce WLC. Design/methodology/approach: Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 343 participants (teaching and non-teaching staff) employed in two selected institutions in Imo State, Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained prior to data collection. Findings: The study revealed that more females experienced WLC than males, largely due to caregiver strain and domestic responsibilities. Age, length of service, and educational status were identified as predictors of WLC. The coping strategies adopted by respondents included family-based, individual-based, and organizational strategies.
Farah Shahnaz Feroz, Imran Hindustan, Mohd Khanapiah Nor, Niza Mohd Idris, Zaiful Annuar Zainal
The rapid growth in today’s electronic technology and usage leads to a high demand of electrical power consumptions. Researchers around the globe are continuing finding for renewable sources of energy to meet the increasing demands of energy. This is because the high fossil fuel and carbon consumptions contribute greatly on the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases which have become the primary contributor of global climate change. Global temperatures have risen sharply over the last few decades and the atmospheric concentrations of CO2 continue to rise while the global emissions have not yet peaked [1]. Research and development of CIGS solar cells was started in 1980s as one of the various renewable sources of energy. CIGS thin film solar cells efficiency remains become an interesting topic among the researchers. University of Maine achieved 5.8% CIGS thin film solar cells efficiency in 1976. The efficiency has significantly improved since then to 23.6% in 2023 by Evolar/UU [3]. This study aims to improve the efficiency by focusing on the metal back contact of the CIGS thin film solar cells. The simulations were conducted using SCAPS-1D and Winmostar Quantum Espresso for quantum chemical, molecular dynamics and first-principles calculations simulation tools. Back contact layer of CIGS solar cell acts as an optical reflector to reflect light back to the absorber layer. Molybdenum (Mo) is commonly used as the back contact because it forms low resistivity ohmic contact to CIGS absorber layer and has high conductivity. Furthermore, its conductivity does not degrade during deposition of CIGS at high substrate temperature, and it does not react strongly, chemically, with CIGS absorber layer. However, work function property of Mo is within the range of 4.36 eV to 4.95 eV. There is a need to increase the work function property of the back contact to improve carrier collection near the back contact. The findings from the study offers a critical insight into factors that could further improve the CIGS solar cells efficiency.
Michael P. Loquias, Paulino V. Pioquinto
This study explored the work life of secondary school principal as security and safety officers in public secondary school. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following: the positive and negative experiences of the informants, addressing the challenges encountered as security and safety officer and the aspiration of the informants. The findings of this study served as supplementary guidelines for appropriate interventions and programs to allocate and item for hiring a security and safety officer to lessen the task of the school heads. This study is a qualitative type of query using the phenomenological approach. This inquiry utilized (10) informants from the public secondary schools. Using a validated interview guide with open-ended questions prepared by the researcher, the informants were all interviewed individually. Colaizzi’s thematic analysis was used to analyze the data collected. Two themes summarized the positive experiences of the informants. These were: Gratitude Unity and Support, and The Power of Collaboration. As to the negative experiences, the themes revealed were: External Intruders and Non-Compliance of School Policies. For the addressing the challenges encountered as security and safety officers, three themes were created: Regular Evaluation, Finding Solution and Other Alternatives and Proper Communication. Three emergent theme to express the aspiration of the informants to improve their performance as security and safety officers, to wit: Hiring of Security and Safety Officers, Provisions of Technology and Equipment and Training.
Cyril T. Antipuesto
The study examines the experiences of Student Affairs Office (SAO) heads in addressing erring students in higher education institutions in the second district of Bohol. Through in-depth interviews, the study explores the experiences, challenges, and best practices employed by SAO Heads in managing student misconduct cases, fostering a positive campus culture, and promoting student well-being. The phenomenological design was used in this study to gather a unique of the informants’ experiences in handling erring students. There were nine (9) SAO heads as the informants of the study purposely selected as they were pre-determined to meet the qualifications set in this study. Four informants took part for Individual Interview (IDI) and five more participated in the Focus Group Discusion (FGD). The study was conducted in the second district of Bohol province and covered nine (9) Local Universities and Colleges. An informed consent form, a transmittal letter, and an interview guide with validation served as the instrument. This study came up with five themes which described the positive and negative experiences of the informants, namely: Resilience through Experience, Sense of Accomplishment and Impact, Growth and Learning, Frustration and Dissatisfaction, and Pressure and Unease. On addressing the challenges encountered in handling erring students, two themes were generated, namely: Collaboration and Communication with Stakeholders and Navigating Complex Cases and Serious Penallties. Lastly, the aspirations to improve the handling of erring students, two themes emerged as follows: Strengthen the Prevention Strategies and Creating a Safer and Supportive Campus Environment. The study reveals the importance of strong partnerships with other campus stakeholders, the implementation of evidence-based interventions, and the creation of a supportive and inclusive campus environment. The study underscores the need for a shift to a more restorative and preventive approach that emphasizes student growth, accountability, and access to resources. The findings provide valuable information for SAO Heads, administrators, students, and other stakeholders involved in creating a safe, suppoortiv, and effective learning environment for all students.
Glenne Berja Lagura, DPA, Janice Morala Tapang
This qualitative, phenomenological study explored the lived experience of fifteen Davao del Sur provincial governments employees who engaged in a work-from-home (WFH) arrangement during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using purposive sampling and expert-validated guide questions, researchers gathered personal stories and perspective, which were then analyzed using thematic analysis. The study’s findings largely indicated positive general ratings for the WFH set up. Employees valued the improved work-life balance, autonomy, and flexibility it provided.
Ileka Chukwuebuka Paul, Prof S. I. Mbah, Prof. Okeke Marcel Chinemeze
This study examined the relationship between work-life harmony and workplace culture in quick service restaurants (QSRs) in Southeast Nigeria, focusing on Anambra, Enugu, Imo, Abia, and Ebonyi States. The specific objectives were: Ascertain the effect of employee well-being on work place culture; Assess the influence of employee workload management on work place culture; Examine the influence of employee flexible work schedule on work place culture in quick service restaurants, South East, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and drew data from 354 respondents selected through multistage sampling from a population of 3,096 QSR employees. The independent variables of work-life harmony employee well-being, workload management, and flexible work schedule were analyzed in relation to the dependent variable, workplace culture. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 23. Findings revealed that employee well-being had a significant positive effect on workplace culture (B = 0.378, β = 0.369, t = 7.501, p = 0.000). This indicates that QSRs that prioritize employees’ mental and physical health foster more supportive and productive workplace environments. Workload management also showed a statistically significant positive influence on workplace culture (B = 0.117, β = 0.107, t = 2.212, p = 0.028), suggesting that equitable distribution of tasks and proper workload scheduling enhance organizational culture and employee morale. Similarly, flexible work schedule significantly affected workplace culture (B = 0.233, β = 0.266, t = 5.105, p = 0.000), implying that flexible scheduling options promote adaptability and employee engagement. The regression model (R = 0.571, R² = 0.326, F = 53.323, p = 0.000) showed that the three predictors collectively explained 32.6% of the variance in workplace culture. The study concludes that improving employee well-being, managing workloads effectively, and providing flexible work arrangements are vital for creating a healthy, harmonious, and sustainable workplace culture in Nigeria’s quick service restaurant sector.
Domie, Godswill
This desk review aims to examine the impact of workplace conflict on the quality of healthcare delivery in Ghana, with a particular focus on the clinical care profession. It examined existing literature, documents, and reports to gather information, identify patterns, the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to workplace conflict in Ghana's healthcare sector, and conclude. The major findings of the review are that workplace conflicts in Ghana's health sector are caused by inadequate staffing, poor resource allocation, and communication breakdowns, amidst workforce shortages and limited resources, and can lead to reduced patient care and staff turnover. The findings imply significant consequences for Ghana's healthcare delivery, including compromised patient care, healthcare professional burnout, inefficient resource use, regional disparities, and staff retention challenges. The review concludes that implementing conflict management training, early detection, collaborative problem-solving, effective communication, addressing systemic issues, and leadership support can reduce workplace conflicts in Ghana's health sector.
Emmanuel Ochogwu, Ruth Caleb Luka, Shaibu Umar Abdul
Xenophobic attacks on Nigerians in South Africa have posed significant challenges to diplomatic relations between the two countries. Despite these challenges, both governments have implemented measures to strengthen bilateral ties. This paper provides a critical analysis of these measures, exploring their effectiveness in promoting diplomatic relations and limitations and challenges faced by these measures in consolidating, strengthening and promoting the diplomatic ties between Nigeria and South Africa in the face of xenophobia. The frustration – aggression and constructivism postulations were used as frameworks of analysis. However, the constructivism postulation was adopted in the study. Methodologically however, descriptive research design was used as a tool of analysis. Purposive sampling method was adopted in order to solicit necessary information from respondents who are knowledgeable or familiar with the topical issue under discourse. However, findings reveal dialogue and mutual understanding were the measures implemented to strengthen diplomatic ties between Nigeria and South Africa in the face of xenophobic attacks. The study also discovered, high level diplomatic engagements, citizen diplomacy, cultural exchange, economic cooperation and conflict resolution mechanisms were employed in addressing xenophobic attacks and improve diplomatic relations between Nigeria and South Africa during of xenophobic attacks. Lack of trust, inadequate communication and domestic politics were viewed by the study as the challenges and limitations of the measures used to strengthen diplomatic relationship between Nigeria and South Africa in the face of xenophobic attacks. Based on the findings, the research recommended that, the Nigeria and South Africa governments should implement citizen diplomacy initiatives, such as cultural exchange programs (adopting a cultural mix policy), educational programs, and business initiatives to encourage people-to-people relations, which will help build understanding, eliminate xenophobic violence and reduce stereotypes between the two countries.
Helen I. A. Oyekanmi
Moral theology has progressed over centuries, responding to changing societal customs andchallenges. Historically, it was often viewed through the lens of laws and obedience, but thecontemporary moral theology seeks to integrate a more relational understanding of morality, emphasizing genuine personal transformation. One fundamental concern in moral theology is the issue of the way human beings think or believe they should conduct themselves. Generally speaking, moral refurbishment of many Nigerians males and females, young and old is very crucial now than ever before. Corruption is one of major unethical issues that have eating deep into the marrow of many Africans. The traditional Yoruba people of Nigeria taught their young ones to be morally upright by devising effective and practical ways of conveying certain ideals and virtues in them. One of the ways of inculcating moral education is by giving and calling those who consistently behaving uprightly special name which makes them feel important and well- respected. This act of reinforcing good behaviour by calling a man or a woman “Omoluabi,” a well-cultured, intelligent and decent person that is cautious of his or her character, and strive to be upright. The Yoruba concept of inculcating godly virtue validate the theology of morality which may go a long way in reducing the flow of corruption in any contemporary society of Africa in general. This paper descriptively examines the relationship between the concept of Omoluabi and its morality by theoretically exploring its meaning and application in Yoruba context. It also discusses the implications of the concept of Omoluabi as an antidote to corruption in Nigeria. The paper concludes that reviving and imbibing the culture of Omoluabi as characterized by courage, integrity and sincerity must be experiential virtues to achieving a corruption-free society.
Altantovch Ganbaatar, Munkhdelger Tsevegjav, Purevdulam Altantsetseg, Zhihong WANG (Jossy, Khos-Uyanga)
Organizations are working with issue such as hiring the wrong person, organizing unnecessary workplace training, not operating a proper incentive system, not having human resources performed by professionals, working without legal regulations, and not paying attention to diversity in the workplace. In addition, company and enterprise managers have faced a lot of difficulties in understanding and working with new and young employees. Generational differences are evident. Not only are they born, brought up, and studied in different environments, but there are quite a few differences in their views and values. This study focuses on Generation Z and aims to examine how this generation's behavior affects organizations, human resource management, and leadership. Managers face the challenge of how to recruit Gen Z and predict what they will expect once they've been recruited. Management is concerned about how to manage Generation Z. As directors, managers, and line managers lead Generation Z, there is a need to understand them, be sensitive to them, and incorporate them into their HR policies. Generation Z also faces challenges in adapting to work in organizations. This study has theoretical and practical implications and can be further explored.