Symbols and Practices of Filial Piety in the Cultural Life of the Southern Khmer: A Functionalist Approach

Abstract

Filial piety is not only a moral value but also an important cultural foundation in the spiritual life of the Southern Khmer community in Vietnam. This study examines how filial practices help maintain social relationships, cultural continuity, and religious identity within Khmer society. Drawing on Functionalist theory, particularly the perspectives of Bronisław Malinowski and A.R. Radcliffe-Brown, the article analyzes the social and symbolic functions of filial traditions in everyday communal life.
The study employs ethnographic fieldwork and symbolic analysis, including observations at Khmer temples, participation in ritual events, and interviews with community members from different age groups. Particular attention is given to culturally distinctive practices such as temporary monastic ordination as an expression of gratitude toward parents, the Sen Dolta ancestral commemoration festival, and merit-making activities dedicated to parents and ancestors.
The findings indicate that Khmer filial piety reflects a close integration between Theravāda Buddhist beliefs and indigenous traditions of ancestor veneration. Filial practices continue to function as an important cultural and moral “anchor” despite increasing pressures from migration, urbanization, and social change. At the same time, younger Khmer generations are gradually reinterpreting filial obligations in more flexible and symbolic ways, especially in urban and migrant contexts. The study argues that filial piety remains a significant source of cultural cohesion and ethnic identity while also adapting to contemporary social realities.