Predictors of Quality of Life Among Migrant Workers in Northern Sabah

Abstract

Background: Migrant workers are exposed to various socio-economic and occupational challenges that may adversely affect their health and quality of life (QoL). In Malaysia, particularly in Northern Sabah, limited evidence exists on the determinants influencing well-being among this population. This study aimed to identify predictors of health and quality of life among migrant workers in Northern Sabah.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 migrant workers using a structured questionnaire. Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. As data were not normally distributed, median and interquartile range (IQR) were reported, and non-parametric tests (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis) were used for group comparisons. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of overall quality of life.
Results: The median scores indicated moderate levels of quality of life across domains, with psychological health showing the highest median (69.00; IQR = 25), followed by physical health (63.00; IQR = 19), while lower scores were observed in social relationships (56.00; IQR = 32) and working management (56.00; IQR = 25). Multiple regression analysis revealed that social relationships (β = 0.495, p < 0.001) and working management (β = 0.455, p < 0.001) were the strongest predictors of overall quality of life. Physical health (β = 0.324, p < 0.001) and psychological health (β = 0.309, p < 0.001) were also significant predictors. Gender and country of origin were not significantly associated with quality of life.
Conclusion: Quality of life among migrant workers in Northern Sabah is primarily influenced by social and workplace-related factors. Interventions aimed at strengthening social support and improving management practices may significantly enhance well-being in this population.