From Transcripts to Competencies: A Digital CLER Framework for Malaysian Graduates

Abstract

The growing demand for a skills-based economy in Malaysia has highlighted the limitations of traditional academic record-keeping, which often overlooks experiential learning, co-curricular involvement, and professional achievements. This study addresses these challenges by proposing a Comprehensive Learning and Employment Record (CLER) framework tailored for Malaysian university graduates. Using a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five recent graduates and five professionals in information and records management to explore existing issues and expectations surrounding credential management. Thematic analysis revealed recurring challenges, including vulnerability of physical documents, difficulties in retrieving records, inefficiencies in verification, and the lack of interoperability across institutions. Findings also highlighted the potential of emerging technologies such as blockchain, digital credentialing platforms, and cloud-based solutions to enhance security, accessibility, and self-sovereignty in record management. Drawing from these insights, the study presents a conceptual CLER framework that integrates academic, co-curricular, and professional records into a centralized, verifiable, and learner-owned platform. The proposed framework not only improves graduates’ ability to demonstrate holistic competencies but also streamlines institutional processes and supports employer decision-making. Overall, this research contributes a contextualized solution to enhance graduate employability, institutional efficiency, and Malaysia’s transition to a digital, skills-driven economy.