Design and Content Validity of a Growth Mindset in Mathematics Scale for High School Students

Abstract

The lack of standardized instrument for measuring students’ growth mindset led to the development and content validation of the Growth Mindset Relationship Model (GMRM). GMRM was anchored on the Social Cognitive Theory, Self-Determination Theory and Self-System Model of Motivational Development. The scale was categorized into five dimensions; relationship with oneself, relationship with mathematics, relationship with peers, relationship with non-peers and relationship with environment, which was subjected to content validation. A total of six experts validated the instrument based on clarity, pertinence and relevance. Data collected were analysed using the Aiken V coefficient. Items with Aiken V index ≥ 0.83 and a corresponding lower limit of ≥ 0.6 at a 95% confidence interval were accepted. A total of 71 out of 97 items met the threshold and were ascertained as a good measurement tool. The construct validity and test-retest reliability were suggested to be included in the future research.