Challenges in Rice Farming in the Eyes of the Farmers and through the Lens of Planned Behavior Theory

Abstract

Modern rice farming faces serious limitations. I explored the challenges, coping mechanisms, and insights of local rice farmers regarding rice production, from land preparation to selling, in the context of limited access to infrastructure, technology, and high-quality seeds. I employed a qualitative descriptive approach to gather diverse viewpoints from rice farmers using purposive sampling technique. I found challenges in rice farming such as ineffective pest and rat control, financial struggles, unpredictable harvests, and limited access to inputs and support. These were addressed through peer strategies, loan reliance, government subsidies, and assistance from agricultural technicians. As a result, farmers developed adaptive practices, improved productivity efforts, and sustained their livelihoods despite ongoing difficulties. Future research should use a mixed-methods approach to evaluate how access to resources and support services impact farm resilience and sustainability, while also examining the influence of farmer experience and community initiatives.