Mapping Vietnamese Political Culture Through Value Systems: Post-1975 Developments

Abstract

This article explores the evolution of Vietnamese political culture from 1975 to the present through the lens of political values. It examines how Vietnam’s political value system has evolved across historical periods and the implications for its current governance. Grounded in Marxism–Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Thought, the core values include national independence, socialism, democracy, the rule of law, unity, human development, and integration. Using a qualitative, historical-institutional method, the study traces four phases: post-war centralization (1975–1986), renovation and democratization (1986–2000), modernization and global engagement (2000–2015), and integration with digital transformation (2015–present). Each stage demonstrates continuity of ideology alongside adaptive reforms in response to new domestic and international conditions. The study highlights challenges in political trust, legal culture, digital governance, and citizen participation. It recommends strengthening legal transparency, developing inclusive digital platforms, and expanding civic education. The article concludes that aligning Vietnam’s political culture with democratic principles, the rule of law, and human-centered development is crucial to ensuring legitimacy and effective governance in the digital era.