IoT-Based Artificial Olfaction Systems for Perishable Food Quality Monitoring: A Review and Classification

Abstract

Food spoilage is a growing global issue, particularly for perishable foods such as meat, fruits, and grains, causing substantial losses in the supply chain. Standard quality verification usually relies on subjective organoleptic tests or laboratory techniques such as Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), which are cost-prohibitive and cannot be used in real time. In recent years, electronic noses (e-noses), which are Internet of Things (IoT)-based artificial olfaction systems, have emerged as effective, non-destructive tools for monitoring food quality.