Core Dilemmas and Resolution Paths in Software Project Management under Sustainability Constraints: An Analysis Based on Global Practices

Abstract

This study systematically investigates the core dilemmas and resolution paths for software project management under sustainability constraints. Drawing on a comprehensive systematic literature review of recent peer-reviewed articles, international standards, and authoritative industry and policy reports, this research identifies and analyzes the lifecycle-wide challenges faced by software projects in integrating sustainability. The findings reveal a series of critical dilemmas, including the initial conflict between sustainability and business goals, the gap in standardized sustainability metrics, the dual constraints of technology and team capabilities during development, stakeholder coordination and acceptance issues at delivery, the trade-off between low-carbon operations and service quality, and the lack of effective evaluation and experience capitalization at project closure. In response to these dilemmas, this paper proposes a multi-dimensional, scenario-adaptive solution system, offering specific, actionable paths for different stages of the project lifecycle. Furthermore, it constructs a three-dimensional adaptation framework that considers enterprise scale—encompassing large, medium, and start-up organizations—and project management models such as Agile and Waterfall, providing targeted guidance for global software project managers and organizations. This research enriches the theoretical framework for sustainable software engineering and offers a practical roadmap for the industry to navigate the complexities of integrating sustainability into software project management, ultimately contributing to the broader goals of digital and global sustainability.