Bridging Local Wisdom and Modern Science: An Analysis of Bawing’s Multidimensional Significance

Abstract

Bawing, globally known as lemon basil (Ocimum Basillicum) is a culturally revered and scientifically significant herb native to Borneo, particularly Sabah of East Malaysia. This paper investigates the binary role of bawing in local wisdom and contemporary scientific research. Drawing on a mixed-method and multidisciplinary literature review, comprising of content analysis, participant observation, interviews, and laboratory analyses, the study examines bawing’s traditional significance in terms of cultural, spiritual and medicinal as well as its pharmacological potential. Beyond its culinary use, bawing is also regarded as a symbol of purification, protection, therapeutic healing and balance within indigenous communities. The qualitative data is reinforced by modern gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis which also reveals that bawing is rich in bioactive compounds, including citral, caryophyllene, humulene, linalool, limonene, and estragole-substances known for their antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antistress properties. This multidisciplinary study highlights the potential of integrating local knowledge with scientific research to support the sustainable use of local herbal resources and promote innovation in products for beauty, aromatherapy, and therapeutic applications, in tandem with the RDCI and HGHV strategies of RMK-13.