A Structural Model of Workplace Spirituality, Employee Engagement, Organizational Ethics, and Ethical Leadership on Faculty Retention in Higher Education

Abstract

Employee retention remains a persistent challenge in higher education institutions due to competitive employment environments, leadership dynamics, and evolving workplace expectations. This study examined the structural relationships among workplace spirituality, employee engagement, organizational ethics, and ethical leadership in predicting employee retention among faculty members in selected higher education institutions in Cagayan de Oro City. A quantitative research design utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the relationships among the variables. Data were collected from 400 faculty members selected through stratified random sampling from three higher education institutions.