Traditional Tools and Implements Used by the Koch Community of South West Garo Hills District, Meghalaya, India

Abstract

Traditional tools and implements remain integral to the livelihood systems of indigenous communities, particularly in regions where mechanization is limited. The Koch community of Meghalaya relies extensively on handcrafted tools made from locally available materials such as bamboo, wood, and cane for household and post-harvest activities. The present study was conducted in six Koch-dominated villages of South West Garo Hills District, Meghalaya, namely Dighlapara, Chamaguri, Anderkona, Sulguri, Latri, and Kumli. A total of 120 households were selected through random sampling to document traditional tools used during post-harvest operations. Data were collected through household visits, direct observation, and measurement of each tool’s dimensions, weight, construction materials, and functional characteristics. The study identified a range of traditional tools used for threshing, drying, sieving, winnowing, measuring, storage, de-husking, pounding, and cleaning. Most of these implements are fabricated locally and are operated primarily by women, who play a dominant role in post-harvest activities. Despite their cultural significance and practical utility, many of these tools lack ergonomic considerations and may contribute to physical strain and musculoskeletal discomfort. Systematic documentation of these indigenous technologies is important for preserving traditional knowledge and for informing the development of ergonomically improved tools that enhance safety, comfort, and productivity.