Barriers to Access and Utilization of Social Welfare Services in Nigeria’s Urban Health System: Evidence from Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Fct

Abstract

Social welfare services are essential for addressing the non medical needs of patients within the healthcare system. However, in many urban areas of Nigeria, access to these services remains limited despite existing health policies. This study examined the barriers to access and utilization of social welfare services in health facilities in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Federal Capital Territory. The study adopted a mixed methods approach, combining a survey of 184 respondents with in depth interviews of key stakeholders. Findings revealed that while services such as counselling, health education, and referral are available, financial assistance is limited. Awareness was relatively high (71.7%), yet accessibility remained moderate. Major barriers identified include financial constraints (65.2%), lack of awareness (59.8%), inadequate staffing (54.3%), and poor infrastructure (51.6%). The study concludes that structural and systemic challenges continue to hinder effective utilization of social welfare services in urban health settings. Using the Social Determinants of Health Framework, it highlights the need to address broader social and economic conditions beyond policy formulation. The paper recommends improved staffing, sustainable funding, public sensitization, and better coordination to enhance access to these vital services.