20 Articles
Akingbehin Akinwasola Akinfolarin, Prof. ‘Dare Dickson Ajayi., Victor Nichols Ukpere.
In Nigeria, internally displaced people (IDPs) are challenged by chronic obstacles in getting vital healthcare services despite the existence of various humanitarian and government interventions. This research paper focuses on investigating the spatial distribution, accessibility, and utilisation of healthcare facilities in the IDP camps of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Abuja. Through descriptive research design, GPS data from 31 IDP camps were gathered and assessed using a nearest neighbour analysis. Questionnaire data from 357 IDPs were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Findings indicate that the distribution of IDP camps in the FCT is clustered, with 87 percent of the camps located in the Abuja Municipal Area Council. Healthcare facilities were generally within walking distance generally with the majority of the IDPs taking less than two minutes to arrive at the services, and there was no charge for transport. Although these are geographically close, a number of socio-economic and cultural elements that had a considerable impact on the utilisation of healthcare were evident, such as education, income, gender, perceived need, and cultural norms. The paper also points out discrepancies in the access of services and discrepancies in quality of care among camps. The results indicate the necessity of the specific health measures, enhanced resource distribution, and culturally competent engagement strategies to increase access and use of healthcare services by IDPs in the FCT. Enhancement of primary healthcare provision in camps and targeting social determinants of health have been important to the enhancement of health outcomes among displaced populations.
Adamu, Taiwo Haruna, Akinwolere Bukola Comfort, Akinwolere Charles Olumide, Kolawole. Oluwatoyin Temitope, SABIU, Sani Bariki
Cryptocurrencies have emerged as decentralized digital financial instruments with the potential to enhance financial inclusion, particularly in developing economies. In Nigeria, evolving regulatory frameworks and growing digitalization have accelerated interest in cryptocurrency adoption, yet localized empirical evidence remains scarce. This study examines the assessment of relationship between adoption of cryptocurrency and financial stability among low- and middle-income earners in Gwagwalada Area Council, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The study specifically assesses the level of adoption, perceived financial benefits, associated challenges and risks, and the influence of cryptocurrency usage on savings patterns. Adopting a descriptive survey research design, quantitative data were collected from 250 respondents comprising traders, artisans, students, civil servants, and small-scale entrepreneurs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chisquare tests to test the stated hypotheses. The findings reveal a significant level of cryptocurrency adoption, with 58.8% of respondents reporting active use. Cryptocurrency adoption was perceived to enhance financial independence, reduce transaction costs, and facilitate faster payments. However, challenges such as price volatility, regulatory uncertainty, technical literacy gaps, fraud risks, and liquidity constraints were prominent. The study further finds that cryptocurrency adoption has influenced savings behavior, with many respondents using digital assets as alternative savings vehicles despite conversion difficulties. The study concludes that while cryptocurrency adoption promotes financial inclusion and autonomy among low- and middle-income earners, it simultaneously exposes users to substantial economic risks. The findings underscore the need for balanced regulatory frameworks, financial literacy initiatives, and infrastructural support to ensure that cryptocurrency adoption contributes sustainably to economic stability in semi-urban communities.
Daniel P. Ong Jr, Oscar Jr. O. Ancheta, Soriano, Marilou G, Velasco, Angela
There is a clear gap in understanding how parents' beliefs about gender roles keep stereotypes strong in child-rearing, especially in rural areas like La Union, Philippines, where old norms limit children's fair growth. This study filled that gap by looking at the repeating cycle of stereotype reinforcement through parents' views and actions. The researcher used a qualitative multiple case study design, doing semi-structured interviews with ten parents from different communities in La Union. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis method, with strict ethical rules followed. Five experts in child development and gender fairness checked the findings using a special rating form for thematic strength, a checklist for educational value, and spoken feedback on useful insights. The results showed an overall Very Satisfactory level for thematic depth, clear presentation, and good structure, along with high educational soundness, seen as a Recommended Quality Evaluated resource for gender fairness education. Comments from experts and parent thoughts highlighted themes like clearanalysis of societal effects, practical parenting examples, and different ways to challenge norms, proving the study's value as a helpful tool for promoting fair child-rearing and breaking stereotype cycles in rural Philippine settings.
Romeo Padillo Brizuela
Emergency medical services (EMS) represent a critical intersection of public safety and healthcare, where the efficiency of first responders can determine life or death outcomes. In the Philippines, the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) is tasked with providing these vital services, especially in rural areas like Sipocot, Camarines Sur, where healthcare access is often limited. This study assessed the capabilities and expertise of BFP-Sipocot personnel through a mixed-methods approach, utilizing inventory assessments, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions to evaluate training, resources, and infrastructure. The findings reveal significant challenges that hinder effective emergency response. Personnel have attended only six out of sixteen essential training indicators, leading to identified gaps in specialized knowledge and skills. Quantitatively, the station faces severe resource limitations; for instance, there is a total absence of equipment for advanced cardiac life support and a critical shortage of basic life support and personal protective equipment. Perhaps most significantly, the study found a complete absence of ambulances at the BFPSipocot station, which directly delays the transport of victims to hospitals and places lives at risk. Furthermore, while standard operating procedures (SOPs) for trauma and medical emergencies are documented, they remain non-operational. The research concludes that the delivery of EMS in Sipocot is currently insufficient due to limited training, inadequate physical facilities, and a lack of essential life-saving vehicles. To improve public safety outcomes, it is recommended that BFP-Sipocot personnel undergo specialized training in areas such as advanced cardiac life support and ambulance operations. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for a stronger partnership with the Local Government Unit (LGU) to secure necessary funding and ensure that emergency management protocols are fully operationalized.
Shanika Madurangi Bopitiya
Most students in Sri Lanka receive their elementary and secondary education in Sinhala or Tamil, although English-Medium Instruction (EMI) is becoming increasingly prevalent in higher education worldwide. This qualitative systematic review examines the difficulties Sri Lankan undergraduates encounter when transitioning to EMI at public universities. Using thematic content analysis of peer-reviewed literature and empirical studies, augmented by student and lecturer testimonies, the study identifies socioeconomic and geographic disparities, cultural factors, language anxiety, a lack of institutional support, and language competency deficits as the primary obstacles. The findings indicate that students from arts faculties and those from rural areas face greater challenges due to limited prior exposure to English. The study also highlights the effects of faculty language proficiency, peer pressure (ragging culture), and inadequate pre-university English language instruction. Recommendations include enhancing university-level English-language support, targeting interventions for underprivileged students, and providing EMI lecturers with professional development. The research advances understanding of EMI challenges in post-colonial and multilingual contexts.
Mukucha Mugove
Gender equality remains a cornerstone of sustainable social development, yet in Zimbabwe, the persistent use of sexist language in meetings, workshops, and public gatherings continues to reinforce gender hierarchies and marginalize the girl child. This study is of critical importance as it interrogates the linguistic and cultural foundations that perpetuate gender bias, aiming to advance gender-neutral communication as a pathway to empowerment and equity. Despite numerous gender mainstreaming policies, a significant research gap exists in understanding how everyday sexist discourse sustains systemic inequalities and limits girls’ participation and agency in social, educational, and professional spaces. The primary objective of this study is to examine the prevalence, forms, and socio-cultural implications of sexist language in Zimbabwean institutional and community contexts, and to propose strategies for promoting inclusive and gender-sensitive communication. Adopting a mixed-methods design, the research combines qualitative interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis with quantitative surveys conducted across government, educational, and civic institutions. Data will be analysed thematically and statistically to capture both the depth and breadth of linguistic gender bias. Preliminary findings indicate that sexist language is deeply embedded in traditional communication practices, institutional norms, and even policy discourse, resulting in subtle but pervasive disempowerment of girls and women. However, evidence also points to a growing awareness and readiness among educators, policymakers, and community leaders to adopt gender-neutral communication frameworks. The study’s implications are profound: by reshaping linguistic norms, Zimbabwe can cultivate environments that affirm equality, inclusivity, and respect. The research contributes to global discourse on gender and language while providing actionable recommendations for policymakers, educators, and advocacy groups to dismantle linguistic barriers and foster the full empowerment of the girl child.
Dr. Robert Lee C. Remigio, Mary Lovely A. Dela Cruz, RSW
This study looked into the level of compassion of the healthcare professionals dwelled into the perceptions of the patients as well as the barriers affecting compassion. The study employed a quantitative research design utilizing a descriptive-correlational approach, the study focused on 160 healthcare professionals and 130 patients. Data were collected through survey and analyzed using frequency counts and percentage, weighted mean, and spearman rank correlation. The study found that majority of the healthcare professionals belong to young adulthood, female, married, roman catholic, with five years and below of healthcare work experience. Most of the nurses are college graduates earning around Php15,000 to Php25,000, while the majority of the doctors are fellows earning Php55,000 and above monthly. On the other hand, the largest portion of the patients belong to young adulthood (26.9%), female (70%), married (58.5%), roman catholic (80.8%), finished secondary education (40.8%), with Php10,957 and below monthly income (56.2%). Majority of their diagnosis belongs to cardiovascular diseases (21.5%). Care (4.08), competence (4.5), communication (4.06), courage (4.04) and commitment (4.01), altogether garnered a grand mean of 4.07 indicating that the healthcare professionals as highly compassionate healthcare in each area assessed. Barriers such as burnout (3.41), external distractions (3.19), difficult patient/family (3.04) and clinical complexity (3.15), further confirmed with a 3.19 grand mean, indicates moderate impediment of the healthcare professional’s ability to provide compassionate care towards patients. The level of compassion is not influenced by the patient’s profile. However, perception of commitment is highly influenced by the patient’s educational attainment. The study concludes that the interconnected nature of data derived from the investigation necessitates the development of a structured and person-centered guide that targets not the only the healthcare professionals but also external contributors such as but not limited with patients, healthcare team and the healthcare institutions. Thus, COMPASSion Framework for Care Providers is proposed.
Kennedy Kasimba, Sarah Muyoma Ndume
This study explored stakeholder perspectives on educational quality and institutional development at Malcolm Moffat College of Education (MMCE). The study was guided by the following objectives: to evaluate the academic quality of the programmes at MMCE, analyse how well MMCE prepares students for the job market, and identify key areas for institutional improvement. The study was purely qualitative and employed a case study design to allow for a holistic and detailed exploration of the phenomenon within its real-life context. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The sample size was twenty-five stakeholders, including educators, administrators, students, policymakers, unions, business representatives, NGOs, traditional leaders, and religious institutions. Data was analyzed thematically, with charts and graphs used to visually present recurring patterns and stakeholder perspectives, thereby enhancing clarity and accessibility of findings. Findings indicated that teacher training diplomas had the highest recognition, while bachelor’s degree programmes were less familiar. On the overall quality of the College’s programmes, stakeholders expressed high satisfaction, with 85% rating the academic programmes as good and 15% as excellent, recognising MMCE’s commitment to competence and professional preparation. However, some respondents emphasized the need for greater holistic student development, particularly in social engagement and interdisciplinary learning. Furthermore, perceptions regarding the curriculum’s ability to foster research and critical thinking varied, with 31% affirming its effectiveness and 69% indicating uncertainty, highlighting the need for curriculum refinement. The study recommends strengthening research components, enhancing programme awareness, integrating learner-centered teaching methodologies, and balancing academic rigor with holistic student development. These insights support efforts to accredit degree programmes in Primary Education and Educational Leadership and Management, ensuring their alignment with national educational priorities and workforce demands.
Dr. John Lander Ichenwo, Marvellous Amos
Lost circulation is one of the most chronic and most expensive problems in the drilling process as it leads to enormous losses in terms of finances and time. The conventional prediction methods mainly are based on the traditional well logs and correlations which have been empirically determined and which fully exploit the rich textual information available in the Formation Microresistivity Imaging (FMI) logs. The work is the innovative supervised machine learning model based on the use of the Random Forest classification algorithms to estimate the lost circulation areas based on the combination of the traditional Logging While Drilling (LWD) data with the texture features of the FMI image logs. The methodology was used on a large dataset of six wells of the Niger Delta, and this includes more than lost circulation events recorded by drilling reports. The conventional logs (gamma ray, resistivity, bulk density, caliper) were used as the input parameters complemented with the texture descriptors based on the FMI images determined by the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) methods. GLCM texture characteristics such as contrast, correlation, homogeneity and energy were calculated with the help of Open CV and at 0, 45, 90, and 135 angular orientations. Preprocessing of data included removing outliers, lithological coding, and depth matching of traditional logs with image-based characteristics. Random Forest classifier was trained on 70% of the data and was validated on the 30% of the data with 100 estimators and the maximum depth of 10 implemented in scikit-learn with Python. Accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score and ROC-AUC were used to measure model performance. Findings indicate that the combined method had an overall prediction accuracy of 86% and the image-based texture characterizations increased accuracy by 14% points as opposed to the traditional log-only models (71% to 86%). The ROC-AUC rose by 0.79 in case of conventional features and 0.91 of the combined feature set. The analysis of the feature importance showed that the most important features were texture contrast and caliper measurements. The methodology will allow the identification of lost circulation areas at an initial stage during the real-time implementation of drilling activities and allows taking proactive measures to mitigate the latter and improve the productivity of operations.
Abdalrawf Mohammed Mohammed Noor Ali, Ismail Osman Ismail Abdelgadir, Mohamed Ikhlas Ardinata, Muhiadin Abdi Awl, Osaid N. A. Abdaljawwad, Salfarina Abdul Gapor
Electric bicycles have emerged as a promising sustainable mobility option capable of reducing emissions, alleviating traffic congestion, and promoting healthier transportation choices. However, purchase remains uneven among young adults, and the determinants influencing their purchase intentions are not well established. This study investigates regional differences and key predictors of electric bicycles purchase willingness among students in Malaysian private universities. Quantitative research design was employed using an online survey, comprising a pilot study (n = 10) and a main study (n = 162). Data analysis included reliability assessment, frequency distribution, and correlation testing. The findings reveal no significant regional variation in students’ willingness to purchase electric bicycles. Instead, purchase intentions were positively associated with familiarity with electric bicycles, knowledge of their benefits, affordability, and the availability of charging infrastructure. Demographic and social factors including gender, age, environmental concern, lifestyle, and peer influence did not exhibit significant relationships with purchase intention. These results underscore that practical and structural considerations, rather than demographic attributes, play a more decisive role in shaping students’ purchasing behaviour. The study highlights opportunities for Malaysian private universities to promote sustainable mobility by reducing cost barriers, enhancing infrastructure, and increasing awareness of electric bicycle’s functionality and maintenance. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and educational institutions seeking to advance sustainable transportation initiatives among young adult populations.
Shanika Madurangi Bopitiya
This study investigates the impact of school principals' transformational and instructional leadership styles on academic performance in Sri Lanka. School leadership is essential for increasing teacher effectiveness, student learning, and overall school quality, particularly in a highly centralized education system. The study uses a qualitative research approach and draws on secondary data from academic journal articles, research papers, and prior empirical studies on school leadership. A qualitative content analysis was utilised to uncover main themes regarding how leadership styles affect teacher motivation, school culture, instructional methods, and student accomplishment. According to the findings, transformational leadership improves teacher commitment, cooperation, and school culture by fostering shared vision, innovation, and ethical behaviours. Through monitoring, professional development, and curricular support, instructional leadership improves teaching quality and student academic success. However, many principals struggle to enact instructional leadership due to administrative overload and limited professional preparation, highlighting the need to strengthen leadership development to improve school performance in Sri Lanka.
Ashok Kumar R, Dinesh Kumar G, Karthikeyan K
This study examines the role of reverse logistics within the industrial sector of Coimbatore, focusing on optimizing return management, enhancing customer satisfaction, and promoting sustainable business practices. By pinpointing local challenges and potential strategic enhancements, this research offers practical insights into how reverse logistics can enhance customer loyalty and yield environmental advantages in this specific industrial setting. A descriptive study with a sample size of 269 is conducted in Coimbatore's e-commerce industry across food and beverages, apparel, electronics, and engineering sectors. Targeting logistics personnel, the study explores and focuses on five main variables: environment, return management, customer satisfaction, and performance effectiveness. Through statistical analysis, this research aims to identify significant factors impacting reverse logistics in these categories, offering insights into optimizing practices for improved customer and operational outcomes. The study highlights actionable measures that can improve operational performance and elevate customer satisfaction, all while cutting costs and promoting sustainability.
Edilberto A. San Carlos
Efficient emergency response depends on timely and accurate incident documentation, particularly in disasterprone urban settings. In Naga City, emergency response operations continue to rely on a predominantly manual incident recording system, which has proven increasingly inadequate during high-impact disaster events. The operational challenges of this system became evident during Tropical Cyclone Kristine, when a surge in emergency calls exposed delays, documentation errors, and coordination constraints that affected response effectiveness. This study examined the limitations of the existing manual incident recording system and explored the potential contribution of advanced digital incident recording technologies in improving emergency response operations. A descriptive–exploratory mixed-methods approach was employed, combining structured online surveys and focus group discussions with emergency responders, communication center personnel, and supervisory staff (n = 18). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative inputs were examined through thematic analysis. Findings indicate that manual incident recording contributes to delayed response actions, data inaccuracies, and inconsistencies in information sharing, particularly under high-demand conditions. Respondents identified real-time data entry, mobile accessibility, system integration, and automated error detection as critical features of an improved incident recording framework. Despite limited prior exposure to advanced systems, most participants expressed readiness to adopt digital tools, provided that adequate training, technical support, and institutional backing are in place. The study concludes that transitioning from manual to digitally enabled incident recording systems can significantly enhance emergency response efficiency and coordination at the local level. The findings provide practical insights for local government units seeking to strengthen disaster preparedness and response through system modernization and capacity development.
Andrew Budiman, Putu Anom Mahadwartha
This study to analyze the effect of price, product quality, and information on product packaging on customer satisfaction and its impact on consumer buying behavior for Ultra Milk products. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method, and data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results show that price, product quality, and information on product packaging have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer satisfaction has been proven to have a significant effect on consumer buying behavior and acts as a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between price, product quality, and information on packaging and consumer buying behavior. Among the factors studied, product quality and perceived price fairness play an important role in shaping consumer satisfaction, which ultimately drives repurchase intention.
Dr. Renson Wanyonyi, Osewe Patricia
This review examines the role of Artificial Intelligence in enhancing decision-making in Supplier Relationship Management and identifies the most frequently discussed AI role. This function is underexamined in the broader AI and supply chain management Literature. The rsearcher applies PRISMA flow models to mine 35 articles published between 2016 and 2026, the review identifies seven discrete AI-enabled roles: real-time supplier performance monitoring, data-driven decision-making, predictive risk assessment, procurement cost optimisation, buyer-supplier collaboration, supplier selection and segmentation and contract management and optimisation. Empirical evidence across manufacturing, construction, banking, and enterprise procurement contexts confirms that AI improves supply chain performance by 49%, amplifies resilience by 66%, achieves 85% accuracy in supply chain risk detection, and reduces procurement processing times by 85%. The Technology Acceptance Model was applied as the analytical framework, revealing a critical asymmetry: while all seven roles generate measurable Perceived Usefulness outcomes, Perceived Ease of Use barriers, including legacy system incompatibility, data quality deficits and workforce digital literacy gaps suppress adoption of the highest-impact roles. The review contributes a cross-sectorally validated typology of AI’s SRM functions, a TAM-grounded adoption framework, and a research agenda addressing algorithmic bias, longitudinal deployment dynamics, developing economy contexts, and AI-ESG compliance integration.
Adeyemo, S.O, Duruojinkeya, P., Ofomata, A.I.O.
This study produces Local Government Area (LGA) level estimates of child multidimensional poverty in Nigeria by integrating the 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) with high-resolution WorldPop 2020 population density grids and conflict event data from ACLED. Using the Alkire-Foster framework, the national child Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is estimated at 0.292, corresponding to a headcount ratio of 56% and an average intensity of 42.2%. This implies that approximately 55.7 million of Nigeria’s 99.6 million children experience deprivations in at least three indicators spanning education, health, and living standards. The MICS-derived estimate is conservative relative to official 2022 NBS/UNICEF/OPHI benchmarks (67.5% child headcount under the National MPI for ages 0–17; 83.5% for under-5s under the linked Child MPI), reflecting differences in survey design, indicator specifications, weighting procedures, and sampling adjustments. Because reliable direct MPI sampling variances are not available at the LGA level from public MICS outputs, the study adopts an SAE-inspired predictive framework. State-level MPI patterns are modelled as a function of logtransformed population density and conflict intensity, improving explanatory power to 75%. A pilot Fay-Herriot model is additionally fitted at the state level to illustrate hierarchical smoothing under approximate variance inputs. Geospatial processing aggregates auxiliary covariates to official LGA boundaries using GIS. Predicted LGA MPI values range from 0 to 0.569, with negative linear predictions constrained to 0 to respect the theoretical bounds of MPI. Model-based reliability assessment using coefficients of variation indicates that 651 of 774 LGAs (84%) have CV values below 15%. Results reveal strong north-south disparities, with the highest predicted burdens concentrated in northern zones. While the estimates remain exploratory and sensitive to omitted covariates, the study provides a transparent foundation for geographically targeted child poverty interventions and for future refinement through Bayesian SAE and expanded geospatial predictors
Charles John A. Casas, John Mark B. Lazaro, Joyce B. Panes, Renelyn A. Montaño
Academic performance is the measure of how well students achieve in their education, typically observed through grades, assessments, and the level of their participation in their academic studies. This study aims to determine the significant relationship between study habits and academic performance among college students. The data were gathered from the 255 college students in the local college of Santo Tomas. This study used stratified random sampling technique. This study utilized quantitative non-experimental research through a descriptive correlational design. The study utilized instruments that were adapted, and these had been stringently examined to ensure they were accurate and relevant. The statistical tools used in this study were mean and pearson r. Results revealed that study habits got a descriptive level of high, which means oftentimes manifested. While academic performance got a descriptive level of very high, which means outstanding. These results confirm that effective study habits, particularly note-taking and time management, play a meaningful role in academic achievement. However, the modest correlation strength implies that other factors—such as motivation, prior knowledge, or teaching quality—also significantly influence performance. Institutions should prioritize teaching structured study strategies while recognizing that a holistic approach, addressing both academic skills and external influences, is essential for optimizing student outcomes.
Intan soliha Ibrahim, Liping Xu, Soon Fook Fong, Yuanyan Li
This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on intelligence media innovation, using the Xiaohongshu short-video platform in China as an empirical case. As AI technologies increasingly reshape digital media ecosystems, intelligence media platforms rely on algorithmic systems to optimize content production, recommendation, user engagement, and business model development. Drawing on a questionnaire survey of 210 rofessionals within the Xiaohongshu ecosystem, including content creators, editorial staff, platform managers, and technical personnel, this study examines how AI is integrated into media workflows and how such integration contributes to innovation outcomes. The findings reveal that AI plays a pivotal role in driving intelligence media innovation across multiple dimensions. AI-assisted content production, automated tagging, trend analysis, and recommendation algorithms significantly enhance workflow efficiency and support data-driven creative decision-making. Moreover, AI-driven personalization strengthens user engagement by delivering customized content, increasing interaction, retention, and overall platform competitiveness. The results also indicate that AI analytics facilitate business model innovation by enabling targeted advertising, influencer collaborations, and e-commerce integration. Although some respondents express concerns regarding content homogenization and over-reliance on algorithms, the overall evidence suggests that AI functions as an effective enabler of innovation when combined with human creativity and oversight. his study contributes empirical insights into AI-enabled intelligence media innovation and provides practical implications for digital media platforms seeking sustainable and intelligent development.
Melodena C. Brazil, Shanon Rose S. Lumayas
This study aimed to examine the learning experiences of Indigenous Peoples (IP) children in the subject Filipino and how these experiences influenced their academic motivation at Leonard Young Sr. National High School in Glan, Sarangani Province. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study explored the lived experiences of ten Grade 7 students with low academic performance in Filipino. Through in-depth interviews and reflexive thematic analysis, three major themes emerged: emotional and cultural experiences, self-development and self-valuation, and learning challenges. The findings revealed that IP students experienced enjoyment and increased motivation in learning Filipino when teachers incorporated culturally relevant stories and interactive activities that strengthened participation and self-confidence. However, they continued to face challenges such as difficulty understanding figurative language, limited access to technology, and classroom distractions. The study recommends the adoption of Culturally Sustaining and Responsive Pedagogy (CSRP) to promote inclusive, meaningful, and culturally responsive Filipino instruction for Indigenous Peoples learners.
Dr. Aminu Aliyu Wushishi, Sella Chisanga
Leadership is the practice whereby an individual pursues influence over others and empowers, stimulates, and supervises their tasks to help accomplish organizational or group goals. In private organizations such as banks, transactional and transformational leadership styles are frequently employed. Although they are used in these sectors, their impact on employee well-being is not known. Hence this study aimed contrasting impacts of transformational and transactional leadership on employee well-being. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to offer a comprehensive perspective. The findings show that transformational leadership is generally more effective in promoting positive employee wellbeing compared to transactional leadership. Transformational leadership, characterized by the leader’s ability to inspire and motivate employees, provide emotional support, and foster a shared vision, was found to enhance job satisfaction and work-life balance significantly. Conversely, transactional leadership, which emphasizes structure, clear expectations, and rewards and punishments for specific performance outcomes, presented a more nuanced impact on employee well-being and job satisfaction and its focus on performance targets and extrinsic rewards was associated with increased stress among employees. However, the study also highlights some limitations of transformational leadership, particularly regarding consistent emotional support suggesting areas for improvement. The study underscores combining transformational leadership with selected transactional elements could optimize employee well-being hence banks should prioritize transformational leadership training to develop a more engaged workforce, while selectively incorporating transactional elements such as clear communication and structured rewards to enhance job satisfaction and employee well-being. Future research might explore the long-term effects of blended leadership styles across various sectors to further support these findings. This study ultimately adds to the broader understanding of leadership’s role in shaping employee outcomes whilst emphasizing the importance of a balanced approach that enhances employee well-being.