Sustainability of the Gig Economy in Assam

Abstract

The gig economy has emerged as a transformative employment model across India, offering flexibility, income diversification, and platform-based opportunities. However, in Assam, its sustainability remains uncertain due to structural, policy, and socio-economic constraints. The state’s gig sector is still at a formative stage, with participation largely concentrated in urban centers, while rural areas face exclusion because of inadequate digital infrastructure and low digital literacy. Moreover, gig workers in Assam lack access to social security, minimum wage guarantees, and grievance redressal mechanisms, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation and economic instability.
Sustainability of the gig economy in Assam requires a comprehensive policy framework that integrates infrastructure development, skill enhancement, and worker protection. Strengthening broadband connectivity and mobile penetration is essential to expand gig opportunities beyond urban hubs. Higher education institutions must embed gig-oriented skill development into curricula, preparing youth for flexible and freelance careers. At the policy level, localized implementation of India’s Code on Social Security (2020) is critical to ensure health insurance, pension, and accident coverage for gig workers. Additionally, state-specific regulations mandating aggregator accountability, fair wage practices, and contributions to welfare funds can safeguard worker rights.
Awareness campaigns and targeted subsidies for digital tools can further encourage participation, while tax incentives for gig platforms expanding into Assam may accelerate adoption. By balancing innovation with regulation, Assam can transform its gig economy into a sustainable, inclusive, and equitable employment ecosystem. This research underscores the need for coordinated action between government, educational institutions, and private platforms to ensure long-term viability of gig work in the region.