38 Articles
Abi Bagas Kusuma, Awan Niki Prasetyo, Rizky Dwi Cahyono, Seto Nur Alamsyah, Yudi Prastyo
This study aims to analyze the factors that cause printing defects in label products in the Quality Control section of PT. XYZ. Data collection is carried out through observation of the production process, operator interviews, and analysis of inspection results. The analysis methods used include fishbone diagrams and the 5 Why approach. The results of the study show that the most dominant print defect in PT. XYZ is the result of blur printing (40%), followed by color mismatch (30%) and register inaccuracy (15%). The main causative factors come from human, machine, material, and inconsistent work methods. Recommendations for improvement at PT. XYZ includes regular engine calibration, improvement of operational standards, and operator training to reduce recurring defects. This research is expected to be a reference for companies in improving the quality of label production in a sustainable manner.
Danilo D. Pastorfide
Barangay level is the basic unit in the public governance where the basic and immediate services of the government can be found. Direct governance and public service is essential part of the nation building because it is the frontline that delivers and implements all the programs and projects from the local and national government level. This study was conducted to identify the governance practices and challenges of Barangay Officials in delivering the public service as a basis for developing a project that will enhance the public office governance. The researcher used a descriptive-quantitative method. A self-made questionnaire was used to gather the data and using the purposive sampling the 46 respondents were identified. The research reveals that there is a start of generational shift in political officials in the barangay level. In the governance practices it is notable that public servants were proactive in governing the barangay however, they are lack of training that will capacitate them to further enhance their ability to increase the pace of development in their barangay. There are also identified challenges and issues that needs to be resolve through different extension service and partnership with the academic institutions.
Buruchara, Josephine N
Women’s entrepreneurship is widely recognized as a critical driver of inclusive economic growth, poverty reduction, and employment creation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite increased policy attention and institutional support, women entrepreneurs in Kenya continue to face persistent structural, social, and individual barriers that affect the sustainability of their businesses. This study examines the barriers influencing business success among women business leaders in Kenya, with success operationalized as the number of years a woman’s most successful business has been in operation. Using survey data collected from 52 women business leaders, the study analyzes nine commonly cited barriers: start-up costs, access to financing, market knowledge, employment commitments, family responsibilities, regulatory barriers, social capital, marital support, and ethnic discrimination. Quantitative analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, multiple regression with ANOVA, bivariate regression, and discriminant analysis. The findings indicate that while financial and regulatory barriers are perceived as significant obstacles at a descriptive level, they do not consistently predict business longevity when examined alongside other factors. Instead, market knowledge and employment commitments emerge as the most robust predictors of sustained business operation. Women who report better understanding of markets and fewer conflicts between employment and entrepreneurial activities tend to operate businesses for longer periods. Discriminant analysis further demonstrates that the combined barrier profile meaningfully distinguishes women whose businesses have achieved at least moderate longevity from those whose ventures are nascent or absent. The study contributes empirical evidence highlighting the importance of informational and time-related constraints in shaping women’s entrepreneurial outcomes in Kenya. The findings suggest that policy and programmatic interventions should complement financial support with targeted efforts to strengthen market intelligence, business development skills, and flexible work arrangements to enhance the long-term sustainability of women-owned enterprises.
Darlene Danise Y. Panerio, June Rey A. Villegas, Sheena Amaquin, Vince Jeanille A. Dueñas
For generations, society has defined what it means to be “a man” emphasizing traits such as strength, resilience, emotional restraint, dominance, and self-reliance (Marquez, 2024). While these expectations shape the concept of "real man," they often come at a cost: suppressing emotions, avoiding vulnerability, and adhering to rigid gender roles (Barragan, 2024). Phrases like "man up" or “keep calm” dismiss men's struggles, reinforcing the idea that seeking help is a sign of weakness (Mussatto, 2024). Despite growing discourse on masculinity and mental health, most studies remain heavily focused on Western or urban contexts, leaving limited understanding of how these norms operate within specific cultural and professional settings, such as among young male professionals in Cebu, Philippines. This study addresses this gap by utilizing a grounded theory approach to explore societal masculinity norms and its influence on mental health and coping strategies of young Cebuano professionals. Through the analysis of semi-structured interviews with 10 participants—comprising 4 straight men (2 single and 2 married), 3 openly gay men, and 3 effeminate men—selected through purposive sampling, an emergent theory of Negotiating Masculinity Through Conformity and Authenticity was developed. This theory described a cyclical process in which men internalize dominant masculinity norms, experience tension and struggle, and gradually redefine masculinity within the context of Filipino collectivist values. These findings together contribute to the growing discourse on culture, gender, and mental health in the Philippine context by providing a contextualized understanding of how young men in Cebu negotiate masculine ideals while protecting their mental health.
Antonio B. Bolocon Jr, Bianca C. Latonio, Edna B. Nabua, Hanna Lyn L. Taglorin, Isnihara U. Limbona, Mudjahid M. Abdurahman, Rey Paolo G. Micutuan
Mastery of the periodic table of elements constitutes a foundational component of chemistry education, fostering both scientific literacy and higher-order cognitive skills. Nevertheless, Grade 9 learners frequently encounter challenges in internalizing its abstract concepts. This study investigated the relationship between conceptual understanding of the periodic table and motivational dispositions among Grade 9 students at Acelo Badelles Sr. Memorial High School in Iligan City, Philippines. Utilizing a descriptive‑correlational design, data were collected through a 28‑item Conceptual Understanding Questionnaire and a Motivation Survey, with a total sample of 140 participants. Results revealed substantial learning deficiencies, as none of the respondents achieved the established passing threshold of 75%. Topics necessitating advanced cognitive processing, including periodic trends and electron configurations, were identified as particularly challenging. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed a weak but statistically significant positive association (ρ = 0.2685), suggesting that motivation contributes modestly—but not exclusively—to conceptual understanding. Although students acknowledged the significance of the periodic table for scientific comprehension, many reported difficulties sustaining engagement and expressed a preference for interactive, hands-on instructional approaches. These findings underscore the imperative for implementing innovative pedagogical strategies, such as gamification, experiential learning, contextually relevant interventions, and the like to concurrently enhance comprehension and motivation. The research instruments exhibited acceptable reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.80 for the achievement test and 0.88 for the motivation survey.
Dr. Clifford Otieno Owino, Dr. Nancy Mayoyo
This paper explored the persistent challenge faced by university interns and graduates in Kenya due to a mismatch between their areas of specialization and the subject requirements in junior and senior schools. The findings are drawn from review of empirical studies, policy documents, reports and sessional papers on the implementation of Competency Based Curriculum. A total of 21 papers comprising 14 empirical studies retrieved from scholarly journals on the Kenyan curriculum and on CBC in Kenya and East African countries published from 2019-2025 were reviewed. One Sessional Paper, three (3) Policy papers, one training manual and two reports on competency based education were sampled and reviewed guided by the objectives of the study which include: Examine the gap between traditional Kenyan B.Ed. programs and the interdisciplinary, practical demands; To evaluate graduate teachers' preparedness in facilitating CBC competencies; To examine the role of career guidance in aligning teacher trainees' specialization with CBC subject demands. The paper highlights that there is systemic misalignments in teacher training curricula contributing to mismatch between the specializations of university graduates and the actual subject demands in Junior Schools (JS) and Senior Schools (SS); There is a disconnect between the historical university training pathways and the evolving demands of the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) which threatens the quality of education, demoralizes teachers, and undermines the goals of the national curriculum. The paper concludes by proposing a multi-faceted strategy to bridge the gap, including targeted professional development to align teacher preparation with classroom realities in junior and senior schools, university curriculum reforms, enhanced teacher management, and strategic long-term planning by all stakeholders.
Ogunbadejo, Samuel Idowu, Prof Nwammuo Angella Nkiru, Prof. Venatus Agbanu
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education presents both opportunities and challenges for teaching practices. This study examines the pedagogical implications of ChatGPT adoption among lecturers in Southeast Nigerian universities, focusing on reliance, complementarity with traditional teaching, and perceived professional impacts. Guided by Uses and Gratifications Theory and Technological Determinism, a mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys of 370 lecturers with in-depth interviews of 24 purposively selected participants. Quantitative findings indicate high awareness and moderate reliance on ChatGPT, particularly for content generation and time efficiency. Lecturers perceive ChatGPT as enhancing teaching by simplifying complex concepts, fostering engagement, and providing instant feedback, without undermining instructional authority. Concerns regarding job security were minimal, supported by regression results showing no significant predictive relationship between ChatGPT use and perceived insecurity. Qualitative insights underscore lecturers’ emphasis on professional judgment, classroom interaction, and mentorship, areas beyond AI’s capacity. However, lecturers expressed concern over potential student over-reliance, which could impede critical thinking and independent problem-solving. The study concludes that ChatGPT functions as a pedagogical support tool, augmenting teaching efficiency while preserving lecturers’ instructional control. Recommendations include developing institutional AI-use guidelines, integrating AI literacy into curricula, and designing assessment methods that encourage reflection and originality. This research contributes empirical evidence from a Global South context, reframing the discourse on AI adoption in higher education from labor displacement to cognitive and pedagogical enhancement.
Banzragch Mijiddorj, Munkhdelger Tsevegjav, Nomynbayasgalan Suld, Nyamjav Enkhbold, Purevdulam Altantsetseg
Mongolia is the 19th largest country in the world, the 7th largest in Asia, and the second largest landlocked country. Mongolia is sparsely populated, with 20.9 percent of the population aged 15-35 [1], and they tend to marry relatively early. In Mongolia, landowners still lack property rights. In 2002, the parliament passed a law on land ownership for Mongolian citizens, which began granting Mongolian citizens one-time, free land ownership for family needs, but by the end of 2024, only 20.9 percent of the population had acquired free land ownership [2], which is an insufficient indicator. Even though Mongolian citizens who has land tenure right and those who want to own free land have applied, the land is not included in the general land management plan of the Aimag and the capital city, the general and partial development plans of the Aimag center and cities, or the annual land management plans of the Sum and district. Therefore, it is impossible to ownership free land for a family needs. In other words, it is believed that the relevant provisions of the law are slowing down the process of land acquisition. Article 5 of the Law on the Procedure for the Implementation of the Law on Land Acquisition for Citizens of Mongolia, adopted in 2008, states that the measure of granting land for family use to citizens once and for free shall be implemented for 25 years starting from May 1, 2003, and terminated [3]. This study aims to analyze the process of granting land for family use to citizens of Mongolia once and for free. In terms of research methodology, a sample is collected using a redesigned questionnaire, and 1,115 Mongolian citizens participated in the study. Secondary data was also used. According to the study, 784 citizens are unable to acquire land for family use free of charge. 728 respondents reported satisfaction with the one-time, free land ownership measure for family needs, indicating that their family members and relatives expect to own free land in the future. 1017 or 91.2 percent of the respondents answered that they would like to get free land ownership rights in Ulaanbaatar city and the provincial center. This confirms that citizens want to own free land in areas with more developed production and infrastructure. The hypothesis that free land ownership for Mongolian citizens over the age of 18 for family needs will improve the quality of life of households by providing them with private land has been confirmed. The value of land is expected to increase further in the future. When citizens had private land, they would be able to engage in business, mortgage it, and even secure their livelihood. This study has theoretical and practical significance and can be further studied.
Dr. Nyambane, Fredrick Monanti
Socialization of human communities through oral poetry is most effective because of its appealing endurance and versatility. Arguably, oral poetry is the most powerful force for moulding public opinion and possibly, it induces certain characters into the souls of people who perform and consume it. Despite its versatility and efficacy in inducing peculiar characters into the souls of its composers and consumers, Gusii special purpose oral poetry has not received sufficient literary attention, more so, over its ability to construct antithetical traits in Gusii females. This paper thus surveys the Gusii special purpose oral poems as semiotic systems of encoded signs which embody the antithetical ideals, values and feelings through which Abagusii females experience, feel, perceive and consume their world at various times. In the analysis of the sampled poems, this study uses an eclectic theoretical framework developed from the Chandler strands of semiotics in which it is argued that a culture produces signs and attributes meanings to them. Secondly, sociological literary theory strands by Rosenblatt and Albrecht are used in which, literature is seen as a mirror of a society as well as a central part of a people’s values and belief systems. This study has used an analytical study design. Secondary data was obtained from a review of published and unpublished works. Primary data was obtained from close textual analysis of nine special purpose oral poems that were purposively sampled from a universal population of thirty oral poems. The study findings are firstly, an intellectual contribution towards the already existing discourses on the role and place of oral poetry as a vehicle for human socialization as well as a subtle means for indoctrinating members of gender into a social enclave in which they inadvertently “enslave” themselves. Equally, this study established that Gusii special purpose oral poems employ a wide range of encoded linguistic devices which make them beautiful pieces of art. In totality, the findings of this study are important because they will be part of the reference points for future related studies. The study thus concluded that there is a close correlation between Gusii special purpose oral poems and the Gusii feminine world, a world that at times exhibits antithetical traits. In totality, the study recommends that there is need for further research on the efficacy of Gusii special purpose oral poetry with regard to its power to influence the thought patterns of Abagusii females.
Ahmad Zahran Md Khudzari, Delayla Lotffi, Mohamad Ikhwan bin Kori, Mohd Jamil bin Mohamed Mokhtarudin, Nadia Shaira binti Shafii, Nornazira Binti Suhairom, Syamimi Shamsuddin
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a huge concern in most healthcare facilities, mainly caused by the inability to perform proper hand hygiene and poor compliance with established hand hygiene practices. Behavioural lapses in hand hygiene significantly contribute to the transmission of pathogens and the persistence of Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) within clinical environments. HAIs is a a huge concern in most healthcare facilities, mainly caused by the inability to perform proper hand hygiene. This study proposes a contactless hand sanitizer that incorporates an automated access control for ensuring proper hygiene and limiting cross-contamination in areas that require high sterility, such as the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The system, built using Raspberry Pi 4 and components like ultrasonic sensors, IR sensors, a UV light, and the OV5647 camera, dispenses sanitizer and verifies compliance before unlocking the door. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), MobileNetV2, was trained on ultraviolet (UV)-lit images of sanitized and unsanitized hands to detect the presence of fluorescent residue. It analyses the presence of fluorescent liquid in hand sanitizer for compliance before granting access. While the model demonstrated high accuracy during training, hardware limitations, especially the camera’s low sensitivity under UV light, affected its real-time performance. Nevertheless, the system provides an initial basis that exemplifies the potential of machine learning-integrated sanitary enforcement as an initial point of further development in the direction of more comprehensive approaches to reducing HAIs.
Erica P. Binbing, Jewela Angelie R. Ortega, Ma. Alexandria B. Llanes, Marinella D. Conchada, Micaella T. Deguzman, Ronnel C. Palasin
This study was conducted to create and validate Gameducation module, a supplementary learning material designed to address the least learned competencies in English among Grade 4 students of one of the public elementary schools in Pila, Laguna with a total of 38 respondents. More specifically, the study targeted the three least-learned competencies: (1) comprehending literary texts, (2) using words with literal and implied meanings, and (3) composing sentences appropriately for clarity and coherence. A descriptive quantitative research design was employed. A competency-based test revealed an overall mean score of 44.59%, indicating a low level of competency. The hypothesis stated: “There is no significant level of acceptability in the development of the Gameducation module based on the overall validation results of the five expert validators.”. To test this, the module was validated by five experts using a Likert scale, assessing five criteria. Five expert validators evaluated it using a Likert scale across five criteria namely: Learning Objectives (M = 3.86), Content (M = 3.56), Format and Language (M = 3.92), Presentation and Organization (M = 3.96), and Accuracy and Usefulness (M = 3.84). The overall mean was 3.83 and showed the module is valid and acceptable. For the analysis, the mean was calculated to identify the competency levels of the students. To ensure consistency among validators, Cronbach’s Alpha and Inter-Rater Reliability (ICC) were computed. The research also adopts the SAMR model for creating the Gameducation module by using gamification features and game-based learning platforms. The findings indicate that the Gameducation module is valid, engaging, and learner-centered material that can enhance learning gaps in English. The study supports that the integration of gamified learning activities in teaching promotes collaboration, motivation, and mastery of competency among elementary learners.
Aida Maria Ismail, Badrul Isa, Mochammad Hesan, Siti Sara Ibrahim, Wan Admiza Wan Hassan
Digitalisation is reshaping how governments deliver social protection and design income-generating programmes for low-income households. Malaysia’s People’s Income Initiative (Inisiatif Pendapatan Rakyat, IPR) aims to eradicate hardcore poverty and raise incomes through structured opportunities in agriculture, food and services, supported by modern delivery systems and partnerships. Indonesia, meanwhile, has spent more than a decade digitising its social protection ecosystem, including the conditional cash transfer Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) and the Non-Cash Food Assistance Programme (Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai, BPNT), shifting from cash and in-kind benefits to electronic accounts, e-vouchers and agent networks. These developments are often framed as pathways to financial and digital inclusion, yet evidence from the ground reveals a more complex reality. Connectivity, literacy, institutional capacity and everyday constraints determine who is reached, who is left behind and how far income support translates into better livelihoods. This article offers a conceptual analysis of digital inclusion in income-generating programmes by drawing lessons from Malaysia’s IPR and Indonesia’s digitalised social protection ecosystem. It synthesises literature on digital and financial inclusion, digital government-to-person (G2P) payments and recent reforms in both countries. The discussion argues that digitalisation can improve convenience, transparency and choice for low-income households and can open pathways to the wider digital economy when accompanied by appropriate support. However, there are also risks of digital exclusion, low or passive use of accounts, over-reliance on imperfect agent networks and the reproduction of existing inequalities when programme design assumes capacities that poor households do not yet have. On the basis of this comparative reflection, the article proposes design principles for digitally enabled income-generating programmes: treating digital channels as enablers rather than gatekeepers, combining digital onboarding with human support, investing in digital and financial literacy, strengthening consumer protection and data safeguards, and using digital systems not only for payments but also for linking participants to markets and services. It concludes by outlining a research agenda on digital inclusion within IPR and similar initiatives, with particular attention to women, rural communities and hardcore poor households.
Edward N. Idigo, Florence T. Idigo-Ibenta
This study aimed to investigate the disruption of traditional banking by fintechs and their effects and influences in Nigeria. It examined various forms and dimensions of fintechs’ disruptive innovation activities and their specific effects on traditional banking. A descriptive survey research design was employed in this study. The sample of the study was drawn from three stakeholder groups consisting of industry professionals across banking, financial, fintechs and other non-banking/finance professionals; agency banking and PoS operators; and customers and end-users of banking and fintech products and services. The study relied mainly on primary data obtained through a structured questionnaire administered and received from 371 respondents. The data collected was analysed and presented using descriptive methods. The statistical techniques employed are the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the regression analysis models. The hypotheses were tested using the one sample t-test and the regression coefficients. The findings showed statistical evidence that fintechs' technological innovations cause significant disruption to traditional banking in Nigeria. It also showed that the effects and influences of fintechs’ disruption of traditional banking are significant. The study concludes that fintechs have become a significant force that is changing Nigeria's traditional banking and financial system. Thus, banks should collaborate with fintechs to leverage their technological capabilities while maintaining their conventional risk management strenghts. Particularly, banks should further integrate fintechs’ innovations into their existing banking systems to improve service delivery.
Halimatu, Sa’adiya Abubakar, Zainab, Eretor Ajibodi
This study evaluates the effect of financial assets on the financial performance of seven (7) listed DMBs in Nigeria between 2018-2024 with amortized-cost and fair value through comprehensive income (FVOCI) as the independent variable and return on assets as the dependent variable. Data extracted from the audited published financial statements of the firms for the period covered were subjected to descriptive analysis and inferential statistics analysis. Diagnostics tests include: heteroscedasticity, Hausman test, Lagrange multiplier test. Panel Regression Analysis result reveals that amortized-cost financial assets exert a significant negative effect on return on assets (ROA), a result aligned with the literature showing that IFRS 9’s ECL model reduces profitability where credit-risk exposure is high. FVOCI assets, however, demonstrate no significant effect on ROA, supporting the argument that FVOCI classification shifts valuation effects to other comprehensive income rather than current earnings. The study recommends that regulators should strengthen the credit-risk management frameworks and banks should adjust their portfolio strategies in response to IFRS-driven income volatility.
Halimatu, Sa’adiya Abubakar, Zainab, Eretor Ajibodi
This study evaluates the effect of financial assets on the financial performance of seven (7) listed DMBs in Nigeria between 2018-2024 with amortized-cost and fair value through comprehensive income (FVOCI) as the independent variable and return on assets as the dependent variable. Data extracted from the audited published financial statements of the firms for the period covered were subjected to descriptive analysis and inferential statistics analysis. Diagnostics tests include: heteroscedasticity, Hausman test, Lagrange multiplier test. Panel Regression Analysis result reveals that amortized-cost financial assets exert a significant negative effect on return on assets (ROA), a result aligned with the literature showing that IFRS 9’s ECL model reduces profitability where credit-risk exposure is high. FVOCI assets, however, demonstrate no significant effect on ROA, supporting the argument that FVOCI classification shifts valuation effects to other comprehensive income rather than current earnings. The study recommends that regulators should strengthen the credit-risk management frameworks and banks should adjust their portfolio strategies in response to IFRS-driven income volatility.
Romcel M. Chico
This study investigated the effectiveness of grammar-integrated authentic assessment in enhancing language proficiency among Junior and Senior High School Students through content analysis. Struggling to enhance language proficiency among Junior and Senior High School Students, Grammar- Integrated Authentic Assessment practice of English as a Second Language (ESL) Teachers would be effective. Traditional methods of grammar instruction often isolate grammar rules from practical language use, potentially limiting students' ability to apply these rules in real-life contexts. By integrating authentic assessment techniques, which involve real-world tasks and applications, this research aimed to bridge the gap between grammatical knowledge and its practical usage. The results showed that students exposed to the grammar-integrated authentic assessments performed far above those who were taught through traditional grammar instruction in language proficiency improvement. The conclusion of this study was that integrating authentic assessment into the teaching of grammar is one way to make language proficiency more appropriate for high school learners of the language and to give them a more holistic or practical understanding of the usage of the language.
Dr. Bestman Collins Nwobi Samuel
Energy governance in the Global South is shaped by the interaction of multiple legal, social, and normative orders such as customary and informal governance systems, creating complex challenges for the pursuit of sustainable development and environmental justice (Sovacool 2016; Heffron and McCauley 2017). While contemporary energy and environmental regimes increasingly emphasise equity, participation, and sustainability, regulatory outcomes in many resources dependent economies continue to reproduce environmental harm and social inequality (Newell and Mulvaney 2013; Knox 2018). This article examines the relationship between energy law, environmental justice, and legal pluralism, arguing that formal regulatory frameworks alone are insufficient to address entrenched distributive, procedural and recognitional injustices (Schlosberg 2007; Griffiths 1986). Drawing on environmental justice theory and legal pluralism, the article conceptualises energy governance as a socially embedded legal process rather than a purely technocratic or state centred exercise (Schlosberg 2007; Griffiths 1986; Tamanaha 2008). Using a qualitative doctrinal and socio-legal methodology, it analyses international legal instruments, domestic energy and environmental legislation, judicial decisions, and policy frameworks alongside socio-legal scholarship (Sands et al. 2018; Banakar and Travers 2005). The analysis demonstrates how plural normative orders, including customary land tenure systems, community governance practices, and informal dispute resolution mechanisms, profoundly shape the interpretation, legitimacy, and implementation of energy law in practice (Merry 1988; Tamanaha 2008; Benda Beckmann and Turner 2018). Through focused illustrative examples drawn from resource dependent regions in the Global South, the article shows how failure to engage legal plurality contributes to distributive, procedural, and recognitional injustices in energy development (Ebeku 2006; Walker 2012). It concludes that recognising and constructively engaging legal pluralism is essential for designing energy governance frameworks capable of supporting equitable, legitimate, and sustainable energy transitions (Heffron and McCauley 2017; UNDP 2020).
Aprilia Ekarianti, Mutmainnah, Novia Rahmadina, Praja Hadi Saputra, Rodah
This literature study discusses the challenges and opportunities for applying artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve the performance and productivity of tax consultants, particularly in terms of work efficiency, analysis accuracy, and professional productivity management. This study aims to comprehensively examine the role and contribution of AI to the performance and productivity of tax consultants through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis. Research data was obtained from articles indexed in the Scopus, SINTA, and Google Scholar databases with a publication range of 2021–2025. Of the total 107 articles identified, 42 articles were selected for further analysis based on the inclusion criteria. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer to map research patterns through co-authorship, co-occurrence, and citation analysis. The study's results show that AI plays a significant role in improving work efficiency, reducing the risk of analytical errors, and supporting data-driven decision-making in tax consulting practice. However, the success of AI adoption is greatly influenced by tax consultants' digital literacy. Consultants with good digital literacy are better able to understand, integrate, and make optimal use of AI in professional work processes. Thus, digital literacy is a key factor that enhances AI's contribution to improving the performance and productivity of tax consultants. This study is expected to serve as a relevant bibliographic reference for future research in taxation, technology, and professional services.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azidah Abu Ziden, Dr. Gowri Selvam, Krishnamoorthy Kumarasamy, Mahalecumy NarayananSamy, Sharuvindan Nair Rajendran
This study investigates the usability of the 3Fs Flipped Model (Flipped, Formative, and Feedback) in promoting student engagement at INTI International College Penang. Grounded in digital pedagogy and instructional design, the model integrates pre-class content delivery, ongoing formative assessment, and timely feedback to support active, student-centered learning. The novelty of this study lies in its structured integration of the 3Fs model with digital tools such as asynchronous video lectures, interactive Google Forms, Padlet discussions, and real-time quizzes using Quizizz and Mentimeter across each phase of learning to enhance engagement and self-directed learning. A quantitative approach was employed, involving 151 students from four academic programmes: General Studies, Information Technology, Business Studies, and Physics. Data were collected using Google Forms to explore students’ experiences and perceptions of the model. The study specifically examined engagement levels before and during class sessions. Results indicated strong positive associations between structured formative activities and students’ reported preparedness for class. In-class engagement also improved, with timely feedback contributing significantly to motivation and self-reflection. Overall, students reported positive engagement experiences across disciplines when formative assessment and feedback were systematically integrated. The findings are limited to the current context but suggest possible relevance to similar higher education settings and further studies employing experimental or longitudinal methods are recommended.
Aniza Arifin, Muaz Azinuddin, Wan Mohd Adzim Wan Mohd Zain
Food tourism plays a vital role in enhancing destination appeal, preserving cultural heritage, and supporting regional economic growth. Small and medium enterprises (SMFTEs) are central to this sector but often face resource limitations that heighten the importance of strong internal capabilities. This study investigates how exploitation learning—defined as the refinement of existing routines and efficiency-focused practices—improves the performance of Small and Medium Food Tourism Enterprises (SMFTEs) in Kuala Terengganu. Grounded in the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capability Theory, exploitation learning is positioned as a capability that strengthens service consistency and operational reliability. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with data from 150 SMFTEs, the study finds that exploitation learning significantly enhances SMFTES performance. Routine optimisation, efficient workflows, and improved service delivery contribute to higher customer satisfaction and stronger competitiveness. The study underscores the need for targeted policy support and capability-building initiatives to bolster SMFTES resilience and promote sustainable growth in Malaysia’s food tourism sector.
Elyana, Hendrikus Male, Laura Sansa Maitimu, Pretty S. Rogi
The implementation of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum in Indonesia represents a shift towards student-centered learning, emphasizing flexibility, interdisciplinary projects, and competency-based assessment. However, research on its practical implications remains limited, particularly in private junior high schools. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the perception and attitudes of teachers and students toward implementation of Merdeka Belajar curriculum, as well as the challenges and enablers they encounter. Thematic analysis revealed that both groups generally held positive attitudes toward the curriculum, particularly its potential to promote student engagement and independent learning. However, the study also found barriers, including limited technological access, increased administrative workload, unequal group participation, and insufficient teacher training. The findings underscore the importance of institutional support, targeted professional development, and equitable access to resources. The study provides practical implications for policymakers and educators by emphasizing the need for system-level support mechanisms to ensure successful and sustainable curriculum implementation.
Alexander Kasyoki, Mwangea Stellah, Oscar Ngesa
The timing of first sexual intercourse is a critical marker in adolescent development, influencing health, education, and social outcomes. Early sexual debut increases the risk of unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and educational disruption. While several studies in sub-Saharan Africa have explored correlates of early sexual initiation, most rely on cross-sectional designs or localized samples and logistic regression to find out covariates of sex debut, few have applied survival analysis to nationally representative data in Kenya to find out factors influencing time to sex debut. The purpose of this study is to estimate the median age at first sexual intercourse and identify socio-demographic, cultural, and behavioral determinants influencing its timing among Kenyan youths, using the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS).
Edna B. Nabua, Mark Angelo P. Villena, Mukram J. Abdurahman, Sarah Mae P. Legasa
This study investigated the conceptual understanding and mastery of key chemistry competencies among Grade 11 STEM learners at Pangutaran National High School. Using a descriptive quantitative research design, a diagnostic assessment aligned with the Senior High School Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) was administered to fifty purposively selected participants. The assessment evaluated learners’ proficiency across ten chemistry competencies, including stoichiometry, gas laws, chemical equilibrium, chemical reactions, and chemical representations. Results indicated that the majority of learners exhibited low conceptual understanding, with only one competency classified as mastered, two as nearly mastered, and two as not mastered, corresponding to the least mastered competencies. The highest-performing competency involved representing compounds using chemical formulas and structures (84%), whereas the lowest-performing competency was calculating empirical formulas from percent composition (38%). The overall mean score of 62.07% fell within the least mastered classification, highlighting widespread difficulties in integrating mathematical reasoning, conceptual interpretation, and symbolic representation. These findings are consistent with prior research indicating that learners tend to perform better in representational tasks while struggling with quantitative and abstract concepts. The study underscores the need for conceptually oriented instruction, targeted remediation strategies, and the integration of diagnostic assessment feedback to enhance chemistry learning outcomes and address persistent misconceptions.
Federico Antich
Third-party settlement proposals—ranging from mediator proposals and judicial settlement conferences to evaluative mediation and technology-enabled recommendations—are now a routine feature of contemporary dispute resolution. Yet these interventions often trigger a recurring legitimacy problem: disputants may comply with a proposal because of formal authority (the legally or institutionally conferred power attached to an office or procedure) while simultaneously doubting the perceived authoritativeness of the proposer (the socially recognized credibility grounded in expertise, integrity, neutrality, and trustworthy motives). This paper argues that the long-term effectiveness of third-party proposals depends less on the mere presence of formal authority and more on whether the proposal is produced and communicated in ways that satisfy procedural justice expectations, thereby generating durable legitimacy. Building on interdisciplinary literature on authority, legitimacy, and procedural justice, and on mediation ethics and emerging governance frameworks for online dispute resolution (ODR), the paper offers (i) a clarified conceptual vocabulary that reduces terminological ambiguity; (ii) a compact framework that explains when proposals are experienced as coercive, paternalistic, or fair; and (iii) practical design principles for practitioners and institutions. These principles focus on role clarity, consent, transparency of reasons, participatory opportunities, safeguards against power imbalance, and contestability—especially where algorithmic tools shape settlement recommendations. The analysis concludes that legitimacy in third-party settlement proposals is best understood as an outcome of aligning formal authority with perceived authoritativeness through procedurally just practices. This alignment improves compliance, perceived fairness, and the sustainability of agreements across both traditional ADR and digitally mediated environments.
Caroline Mbochi
Conflicts between parents contribute to emotional disruptions in adolescents and their preoccupation with the psychological climate at home. The purpose of this study was to explore parental conflict styles experienced by adolescents in selected public secondary schools in Kiambu Township, Kenya. The study was anchored Using Gottman Theory as a theoretical lens. Descriptive research design was used. The study focused on five selected public secondary schools situated in Kiambu Township Constituency of Kiambu County. The target population was 5,400 students. A sample size of 373 students was used. The study utilized stratified sampling to proportionally distribute students across schools and levels. The Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistical technique was used to analyse data, which was then organized and presented in a structured format, making use of figures. Results showed that validating parenting style was the most dominant (73%), followed by avoiding conflict style (50%), and volatile parenting style (49%) while the least common parenting style was hostile parenting style (35%). From the findings, it can be concluded that validating parental conflict styles are relatively common among parents in Kiambu Township, and this serves as a protective factor for adolescents. However, the existence of a significant minority who do experience hostile conflict highlights that some adolescents remain at risk of negative psychological and behavioural outcomes, thus underscoring the need for targeted family interventions to reduce hostility in conflict situations. It is recommended that parents be sensitized and trained on the benefits of adopting validating conflict styles, as these promote healthy social development in adolescents.
Francis Ewulley
Student accommodation remains a critical yet underexplored dimension of higher education experience and academic achievement in Africa. While scholarship has long acknowledged the significance of teaching quality, curriculum relevance, funding, and institutional governance in shaping learning outcomes, relatively limited scholarly attention has been paid to the role of residential environments in mediating academic engagement and student success in Ghanaian higher education. This study examines how residential location, quality of living conditions, and contextual experiences influence academic engagement and academic outcomes among university students in Ghana, with specific focus on comparative experiences of on-campus and off-campus residents. Using a mixed-methods comparative design and data from 100 undergraduate students, the study integrates classical theoretical frameworks such as Tinto’s Student Integration Theory, Astin’s Student Involvement Theory, and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory with culturally grounded frameworks, including Culturally Responsive Pedagogy (CRP), place-based perspectives, decolonising African education lenses, and institutional culture analyses. Findings show that on-campus residence enhances institutional integration, access to learning resources, peer collaboration and academic participation, while off-campus residence is associated with commuting fatigue, infrastructural instability, heightened financial pressure and reduced engagement. However, academic outcomes are ultimately mediated by the quality of residential environments rather than mere location, with students in stable, socially supportive environments demonstrating stronger engagement and achievement. The study concludes that student housing in Ghana must be understood not only as an infrastructural concern but as a cultural, structural, social justice and educational equity issue. Policy implications emphasise intentional expansion of institutional housing, regulatory frameworks for private hostels, culturally responsive academic support systems and integration of housing within national higher education development strategies.
Connie Shin@Cassy Ompok, Lee Bih Ni
This study exploress how experiential learning, implemented through digital scrapbook-based activities, can serve as a medium for character development among preschool children from five ethnic groups in Sabah. Anchored in Kolb’s experiential learning theory, the research adopts a mixed-methods, quasi-experimental action-research design, featuring teacher-guided scrapbook projects that promote reflection, creativity, and cultural expression. By triangulating quantitative data from character development assessments with qualitative evidence drawn from scrapbook content, classroom observations, and interviews, the study examines how experiential and culturally responsive learning nurtures traits such as empathy, cooperation, and respect for diversity. The anticipated findings suggest that scrapbooks act not only as creative instructional tools but also as reflective cultural artefacts that support identity formation and intercultural understanding in early learners. The study contributes to early childhood education by presenting an innovative, culturally grounded model for holistic character education in Malaysia’s multicultural setting.
Nor Fatin Abdul Jabar, Noraizati Aisyah Sohor
This study examines the discursive construction and normalisation of patriarchal ideology in mid-twentieth-century advertising through a socio-cognitive critical discourse analysis. This study analyses a representative 1950s domestic appliance advertisement through Teun van Dijk’s socio-cognitive framework of Critical Discourse Analysis, investigating the interaction between linguistic choices, visual components, and the social cognition that shapes discourse and society. The analysis demonstrates that textual strategies such as polarisation, presupposition, and evaluative language, in conjunction with visual elements like gendered positioning and symbolic domestic imagery, functioned to normalise the confinement of women to domestic labour while legitimising male authority as a benevolent provision. These discursive patterns establish collective cognitive frameworks that portray domesticity as an inherently feminine duty and consumerism as the appropriate solution for inequitable domestic labour. This study asserts that the advertisement, contextualised within its historical and ideological framework, served not merely as a promotional artefact but also as a powerful instrument for perpetuating and disseminating patriarchal gender norms across generations. The results underscore the enduring relevance of socio-cognitive Critical Discourse Analysis in elucidating how quotidian media discourse sustains gender inequality and highlight the imperative of critical media literacy in challenging entrenched ideological paradigms in contemporary contexts.
Miyoba Mathilda, Mutota Mwalishinka, Penda Annie
Zambia is among many countries that has shown commitment towards the implementation of inclusive education following the Salamanca conference of the 1994. However, there are few researches on the teachers’ perception towards the implementation of inclusive education. The study was conducted at two selected primary schools of Chipata district. The objective of this study was; to explore the teachers’ perception towards the implementation of inclusive education in two selected primary schools. The sampling procedure used in the study was Purposive and Quota sampling technique. Primary data was obtained through unstructured interview guide, observation checklist and focused group discussion guide. The Education standard officer- Special Education, School Administrators, Teachers, learners with and without disabilities formed 39 sample of this study. Data analysis was through thematic analysis. The major findings of the study were that the teachers had negative perception towards the implementation of inclusive education and this reflected in failure of accepting learners with disabilities in the two primary schools The findings showed strong consensus of teachers’ negative perception such as lack of having pedagogical skills, having negative attitude, lack of training in special and inclusive education, and they were just following the imposed policy, they lacked formal qualifications and specialized experience as key barriers to implementing inclusive education and affected learners and led to learning barriers and communication, lack of emotional safety and had communication fear. The researcher recommended a similar study on teachers’ perception towards the implementation of inclusive education could be carried out in Kalulushi district of copper belt province of Zambia in order to compare the current research findings with what will be discovered.
Mar’ain Ahmad Dani, Nur Dina Aisyah Binti Mohammad Saroni
Corporal punishment (CP) remains a legally sanctioned disciplinary practice in Malaysian public schools despite increasing global concern regarding its psychological, developmental, and ethical implications. Its continued use is frequently justified as a means of addressing serious adolescent misconduct, including bullying and problematic pornography use (PPU), both of which are rising in prevalence and are increasingly recognised as behaviours associated with emotional dysregulation, neurodevelopmental vulnerability, and psychosocial stressors. This narrative review examines the psychiatric and psychological evidence regarding the effectiveness of corporal punishment in addressing bullying behaviour and pornography-related misconduct among adolescents in Malaysian public secondary schools, within the context of existing legal frameworks and cultural norms. A review of international and Malaysian literature was conducted, drawing on findings from meta-analyses, neurodevelopmental research, and school-based mental health studies focusing on corporal punishment, adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors, bullying, and problematic pornography use. The reviewed evidence indicates limited support for corporal punishment as an effective strategy for sustained behaviour modification. While CP may be associated with short-term behavioural compliance, it is consistently linked to adverse psychological outcomes, including increased aggression, anxiety, emotional distress, impaired emotional regulation, and deterioration of student–teacher relationships. Neurodevelopmental evidence suggests that exposure to stress-based disciplinary practices during adolescence may adversely affect executive functioning and self-regulatory capacity. Furthermore, CP appears to reinforce shame–aggression cycles that are implicated in both bullying behaviours and maladaptive coping strategies such as problematic pornography use. Overall, current evidence suggests that corporal punishment has limited effectiveness in addressing complex adolescent behavioural issues and may contribute to unintended psychological harm. These findings highlight the importance of re-evaluating school disciplinary practices in Malaysia and considering the integration of psychologically informed, evidence-based, and restorative approaches to support adolescent mental health and behavioural regulation.
Omar Colombo, Piermauro Catarinella, Suhardi Kram
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development represents a comprehensive global framework, encompassing 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Adopted unanimously by all 193 United Nations member states through Resolution 70/1 on September 15, 2015, it aims to address pressing global challenges. Among these, SDG 2 is particularly pivotal, targeting the eradication of hunger, universal access to safe and nutritious food, the elimination of malnutrition, and a substantial increase in agricultural productivity. As a unified political and economic entity, the European Union (EU) has pledged to align its policies with these objectives. This study employs a qualitative methodology to examine EU agricultural policies in relation to SDG 2, assessing their effectiveness in advancing its targets. A key focus is the Farm to Fork (F2F) Directive, which governs agricultural practices across the 27 EU member states. Through a systematic review of recent press articles, televised debates, and secondary accounts of interviews with EU policymakers and representatives of farmers’ unions, this research evaluates the prospective trajectory of EU agri-food production and its capacity to support global efforts to combat malnutrition. The findings suggest that the EU agricultural sector may undergo significant contraction, with many small and medium-sized enterprises facing closure and a potential decline in food quality. Consequently, the study concludes that current EU policies are unlikely to increase agricultural productivity sufficiently, thereby compromising the EU’s ability to achieve the third objective of SDG 2. The study further highlights broader implications for food security, socio-economic stability, and policy coherence within the EU. The findings underscore the need for pragmatic, well-supported policies that balance environmental objectives with the sustainability and resilience of the EU’s agricultural sector.
Awudu Dramani Musah, Dr. Edward Djamome
This article contends that the contemporary wave of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation represents a fundamental and irreversible turning point in the labor market, poised to triumph over a vast spectrum of traditional office-based jobs. Unlike previous technological disruptions, which primarily affected manual labor, the current AI revolution targets cognitive and administrative tasks that form the bedrock of white-collar work. This paper examines the multifaceted drivers of this transformation, synthesizing evidence from technological advancements, economic imperatives, and emerging workforce dynamics. We argue that the confluence of increasingly sophisticated AI capabilities including generative AI, machine learning, and intelligent automation with the relentless corporate pursuit of productivity, cost reduction, and efficiency creates an overwhelming momentum toward replacing human labor with automated systems. The analysis reveals that the scale and scope of displacement in administrative, analytical, and clerical roles are unprecedented, challenging the efficacy of traditional reskilling and adaptation models. While scholarly debate often frames the discussion around job shifting versus job loss, this article posits that the sheer velocity and cognitive depth of AI's encroachment will lead to a net reduction in human-led office roles, fundamentally reshaping the nature of corporate structures and the future of work. The research concludes that this shift is not a distant forecast but an ongoing reality, necessitating urgent reconsideration of economic and social policies to navigate a future where automated systems are the dominant force in office environments.
Gunasinghe MDRS, Rebecca, E
The acceleration and spread of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology have drastically changed modern work settings, specifically in sectors with higher knowledge content, like the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) industry. On one hand, embracing AI technology can benefit work settings by bringing about higher efficiency and competitiveness; on the other hand, it poses considerable concern to workers on job sustainability and long-term career development and advancement. Particularly, employees working at a managerial level are concerned with workers’ job sustainability and organizational change due to technology advances, as they have to manage and monitor employees in work settings where jobs are insecure due to technology changes. Although interest in the implications of AI on jobs and workers at the global and international levels has been rising, literature on how workers’ awareness of AI affects work settings remains less explored at the international and regional developing country level, specifically in Sri Lankan work settings. This study focuses on the effect of AI awareness on counterproductive work behavior (CWB) of managerial level employees in reputable IT firms in Colombo District, Sri Lanka. As part of the organizational behavior, counterproductive work behavior is understood as the deliberate action of employees that goes against the organization’s values, causing damage to the organization, its processes, or its members. Using the psychological contract theory and contract breach stress theories, the study posits job insecurity as the principal psychological mechanism employed in explaining the influence of AI awareness on behavior of employees. Job insecurity is the employees’ perception of losing a job and the uncertainty that follows. Additionally, this study posits perceived organizational support (POS) to be an important boundary condition in shaping employees’ attitudes and behaviors to change due to AI. POS is the employees’ belief of their organization’s concern and value regarding their input and the care for their psychological safety. The conceptual model crafted for carrying out this research postulates that job insecurity has both direct and indirect relationships as an intervening variable for counterproductive work behavior, which gets influenced by AI awareness. Moreover, organizational support perception has been proposed to moderate the relationship between job insecurity and organizational support. The proposed conceptual model has been able to incorporate both mediation and moderation in one model to better understand the role of technological awareness in modifying organizational behavior. Methodologically, the proposed study is quantitative in nature, specifically cross-sectional in research design. The study is based on a structured questionnaire, which is self-administered, given to the managerial employees of the IT sector in the Colombo District, which is known to have reputable IT companies. In order to measure the study variables of awareness of AI, the variables of job insecurity, CWB, and POS are known to be measured, along with advanced statistical techniques of mediation and moderation analysis in SPSS using the PROCESS macro. The importance of this study is founded in its contributions to the fields of theory as well as practice. In theory, it adds to the existing literature of AI and employee behavior as it specifically investigates the psychological mechanism underpinning employee responses to change driven by AI. In practice, the implications of this study are critical as it has the potential to provide valuable information to leaders of the organization, as well as to the human resource practitioners, regarding the importance of addressing the issue of job insecurity as well as the importance of effective support structures in the organization as it goes through technological change.
Zaifudin Zainol
This study examined the impact of a gamified classroom in higher education using a phase-based evaluation across pre implementation, during implementation, and post implementation. The research employed a classroom intervention design with repeated measures and an embedded process evaluation to capture both outcomes and implementation experiences. To demonstrate a complete research article reporting workflow for a pilot cohort of 30 students, an illustrative synthetic dataset was generated and analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance, paired comparisons, and effect size estimation. Outcomes included course engagement, autonomy, competence, relatedness, intrinsic motivation, and a course aligned knowledge quiz. The findings indicated statistically significant time effects across all outcomes, with the largest improvements observed for the learning performance proxy and meaningful gains in engagement, intrinsic motivation, and relatedness. Descriptive trends suggested that motivational and engagement gains were strongest from pre implementation to mid implementation and then stabilised, while knowledge quiz performance continued to improve into post implementation. Process indicators reflected high acceptability and feasibility, with qualitative reflections suggesting that progress visibility, immediate feedback, and collaborative tasks supported sustained participation, whereas competitive features required careful calibration to avoid stress for some learners. Overall, the study concludes that gamified classrooms can support learning and motivational outcomes when implemented with attention to learner readiness, autonomy supportive practices, and ongoing monitoring during implementation. These results provide a defensible pilot oriented basis for future confirmatory studies using comparison groups and larger samples.
Dorsaf Chaher, Lassaad Lakhal
Sustainability and environmental protection have become major strategic issues for companies worldwide. Green knowledge management (GKM) is considered a strategic element that enables companies to collect, share, and apply green information to meet stakeholder requirements and promote sustainability. Similarly, green innovation (GI) is recognized as a key driver of improved environmental performance. While most studies have examined these concepts separately, this study aims to investigate the relationships between GKM, GI, and green performance (GP) within a unified analytical framework. Specifically, this study examines the direct and indirect relationships between GKM, GI, and GP, highlighting the mediating role of green innovation. To achieve the study objectives, a quantitative approach was adopted. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire administered to manufacturing companies in Tunisia. The data were analyzed using a structural equation model based on the PLS approach. The empirical results indicate that GKM has a positive and significant effect on both GI and GP. Furthermore, GI has a positive and significant effect on GP. Mediation analysis reveals that GI plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between GKM and GP. This study contributes to the existing literature by proposing a conceptual model that examines the relationship between GKM, GI, and GP in the context of developing countries. Unlike previous research, which has focused primarily on developed countries, this study provides insights into how GKM practices can influence green innovation and green performance in the context of an emerging country with its own cultural and institutional framework. From a managerial perspective, the results suggest that managers could consider GKM as a strategic investment capable of stimulating green innovation and enhancing the sustainable performance of their organizations.
Mnyolmo Kiprop Nahashon, Otieno Isaiah Oduor
This study examined the impact of Kenya’s aviation diplomacy on its multilateral trade relations in the Eastern Africa region was evaluated. This study was anchored on two complementary theories namely; realism and neo-liberal institutionalism. Realist theory explains aviation diplomacy and multilateral trade relations in the East African Community (EAC) by emphasizing state-centered interests, power competition, and sovereignty. Neo-liberal institutionalism theory emphasizes the role of international institutions, norms, and cooperation in fostering peaceful and mutually beneficial relations among states within the EAC, even in an anarchic international system. This study took the form of an exploratory research design. Both secondary and primary sources of data collection were employed by this study. This study relied on simple probability and purposive sampling techniques to select a total of 140 respondents for field interviews. Simple probability sampling was used to select 50 respondents working in the aviation sector and 50 business persons operating in the Eastern African region. Purposive sampling was used to select 10 officers of the Ministry of Transport involved in aviation policy making in Kenya, 10 officers of the Ministry of Trade and Commerce, 10 officials of the EAC and 10 Commercial Attaches in the Embassies of EAC member countries. The instruments of data collection included structured questionnaires and interview guides. Data collected was analyzed and interpreted both quantitatively and qualitatively. The study noted that EAC member states’ aviation policies are shaped by political, strategic, and economic interests, with influences from political regimes, economic power, and commercial goals. The study observed that air transport liberalization in the EAC lowers fares, improves services, boosts trade, and creates jobs by enhancing connectivity and economic freedom. Kenya’s aviation diplomacy has supported regional trade growth, but protectionist policies have had negative effects.
Arzizul Bin Antin, Connie Shin@Cassy Ompok, Lee Bih Ni, Nur Farha Binti Shaafi
This study examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in history education in Sabah through a comparative analysis of rural and urban secondary schools. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research investigates differences in AI access, usage patterns, teacher readiness, and student learning experiences between the two contexts. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to history teachers and students to measure levels of AI integration, perceived effectiveness, and digital competency, while qualitative data were gathered via semi-structured interviews to capture contextual challenges, pedagogical practices, and perceptions of AI-supported history learning. The findings reveal notable disparities between rural and urban schools, particularly in infrastructure availability, teacher confidence, and frequency of AI use, while also highlighting shared opportunities for enhancing historical thinking and student engagement through AI tools. The study contributes empirical evidence to the limited literature on AI in history education in East Malaysia and offers insights for policymakers and educators aiming to promote more equitable and effective AI integration across diverse school settings.
Izura Ibrahim, Mu'izzuddin Mat Nor, Nurfaznim Shuib, Siti Murni Mat Khairi, Sovia Rosalin
This study examines the impact of digital transformation on organizational performance, emphasizing the mediating role of dynamic capabilities. As organizations increasingly adopt digital strategies, many struggle to realize their full potential due to challenges in resource reconfiguration, strategic alignment, and technological adaptation. The study aims to develop how dynamic capabilities—such as sensing, seizing, and transforming—mediate the relationship between digital transformation and organizational performance, enabling firms to achieve competitive advantages. Using a quantitative research approach, data was collected from organizations across various industries, analyzed through structural equation modelling to assess the relationships among digital transformation, dynamic capabilities, and performance outcomes. The findings reveal that digital transformation positively influences organizational performance, with dynamic capabilities playing a crucial mediating role in optimizing digital investments, enhancing innovation, and fostering agility. Organizations with well-developed dynamic capabilities can better integrate digital technologies, restructure processes, and respond effectively to market changes, leading to sustained performance improvements. The study offers theoretical contributions by reinforcing the dynamic capabilities framework within the digital transformation context, highlighting the importance of adaptability and continuous learning in achieving long-term success. Practically, the findings suggest that firms should invest in digital skills development, data-driven decision-making, and agile strategies to maximize digital transformation benefits. However, the study acknowledges limitations, including industry-specific variations and the evolving nature of digital transformation, which may affect the generalizability of the results. Future research should explore sector-specific case studies, longitudinal analyses, and the role of emerging technologies to further understand how digital transformation can drive sustainable organizational performance.